vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Water Programs
Washington DC 20460
June 1979
Water
Annual Report to Congr
Jan.-Dec. 1978
On Administration of the Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
Act of 1972, as Amended (P.L. 92-532)
and Implementing the International
Ocean Dumping Convention
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON. D,C. 20460
JUL 1 9 1979
THE ADMINISTRATOR
Honorable Walter F. Mondale
President of the Senate
Washington, B.C. 20510
Dear Mr. President:
Section 112 of the Marine Protection, Research,
and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, as amended, requires the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to submit.an annual report on the•administration
of the ocean dumping permit program authorized under -
Title I of the Act. The-seventh annual report for this,
program is transmitted with this letter.
The ocean dumping permit program became effective
on April 23, 1973, and final regulations and criteria
were published on October 15, 1973. Revisions to those
regulations and criteria were published on January 11,
1977. This report covers the activities carried out
under the Act and those necessary to implement the
Ocean Dumping Convention during calendar year 1978.
The dumping into ocean waters of all material .
except 'dredged material, is regulated by EPA permits?
the- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers issues permits for
dredged materials. We believe that the permit program
has brought the previously unregulated practice of
ocean dumping under strict control.
Sincerely yours.
Douglas M. Costle
Enclosure
-------
-------
INTRODUCTION
This is the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) seventh
annual report to the Congress on the implementation of Title I of
the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972,
(MPRSA) as amended. The report covers the Agency's authori-
ties and responsibilities under the Act in carrying out the ocean
dumping program and reviews those program activities conducted
within EPA Headquarters, the Regions, and the Office of Research
and Development,
Three other agencies having responsibilities under the MPRSA, the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, will each
submit separate reports on their activities in implementing the
Act. Therefore, this report does not contain a discussion of their
activities under the Act except as they impact the responsibilities
of EPA.
With the closing of calendar year 1978, the ocean dumping permit
program has been operational for slightly more than five years.
Therefore, it seems appropriate that this report highlight the
Agency's significant activities and actions in a summary of the
progress of each of the first five years (1973-1977) of the program
before presenting a review of the activities conducted during 1978.
-------
The Ad Hoc Legal Group presented proposed draft procedures
for the resolution of disputes arising under the Convention. The
procedures were to be considered in the form of amendments to
Articles X and XI. Following initial discussion, a working group
was established to resolve issues over the proposed procedures.
The text was revised and presented to the Contracting Parties;
it was widely debated and additional changes made. Adoption of
the dispute settlement procedures was finally submitted to a vote.
and passed by a two-thirds majority. ;
As provided by Article XV procedures, these amendments to the
Convention (Articles X and XI) will enter into force, for the
Parties which have accepted them, on the sixtieth day after two-
thirds of the Parties have deposited an -instrument of acceptance
with the Organization. *
The Meeting accepted the Report of the Ad Hoc Scientific Group and,
after some discussion, adopted the recommended draft guidelines
for the interpretation of "trace contaminants" and "rapidly rendered
harmless" on an interim basis. The definitions and test procedures
are based oh and consistent with existing U.S. ocean dumping
regulations; their adoption by the Contracting Parties giv6s inter-
national recognition to the use of bioassay techniques for regulating
ocean dumping.
The Scientific Group also advised the Meeting that further studies
are necessary oh the technical information submitted with the proposals
for amending Annexes I and II of the Convention before consideration
can be given to their adoption. The Group will give this matter high
priority at the next intersessional meeting and submit their recom-
mendations to the Fourth Consultative Meeting.
The IAEA presented a Revised Definition and Recommendations on the
Ocean Dumping of Radioactive Substances. Various suggestions were
made for further improvement, but the Meeting was in general
agreement that the revisions were a significant improvement over the
Provisional Definition and Recommendation. The Meeting further
agreed to request that IAEA keep the document under continuing review,
based on comments submitted by the Contracting Parties and on
developments in technology and increased scientific knowledge.
The Fourth Consultative Meeting will be held in October 1979 and
intersessional meetings of the Ad Hoc Group on Incineration at Sea
*The State Department has prepared and forwarded the necessary |
documents requesting the U.S. Senate give advice and consent to 1
ratification of the amendments to Articles X and XI.
10
-------
and the Ad Hoc Scientific Group on Dumping will be convened inter-
sessionally to continue work on recommended Technical Guidelines
on Incineration at Sea and to review proposals for amending the
Annexes to the Convention.
In October 1978, the U.S. Department of State and EPA jointly
prepared and published the "Draft Environmental Impact Statement
for Incineration of Wastes at Sea Under the Ocean Dumping
Convention", in anticipation of U.S. participation in the negotiations
of the Third Consultative Meeting to amend the Convention. The
recommended Federal action in the draft environmental impact
statement (EIS) was to negotiate and adopt amendments, proposed
by the United States, to Annexes I and II of the Convention to establish
regulations and guidelines for incineration of wastes at sea.
The comments received on the Draft EIS were generally favorable;
however, some expressed concerns indicated misunderstandings about
the Convention itself and the need for the EIS to explain the amending
procedures and what further actions would need to be taken by the
U.S. in the adoption process.
The Final EIS was published in February 1979. The proposed Federal
action was to accept the amendments to Annexes I and II of the Convention
and the regulations for incineration of wastes at sea. This change from
the proposed action called for in the Draft EIS reflected the action of the
Contracting Parties in adopting the amendments during the Third
Consultative Meeting.
The United States chose not to reject the amendments. Under the
100-day acceptance period by Contracting Parties (Article XV), the
amendments became effective on March 11, 1979.
While the Convention amendments are binding on the United States,
EPA plans to take additional steps to reflect the amendments in
domestic regulations. During the interim period, EPA will include
these requirements as permit conditions before authorizing incineration
at sea. EPA will also designate all specific burn sites for at-sea
incineration and will prepare ElSs before promulgating interim or
final national regulations and designating each new burn site.
11
-------
TABLE HI
TYPES AND AMOUNTS OF OCEAN DISPOSAL
BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
ONAPPHQX. TONS)
1973 - 1978
WASTE TYPE
(A)
ATLANTIC
, , — J^g —
Industrial Waata 3,842,800
Sewage Sludge 4,398,900
Construction and
Demolition Debris 973, 700
Solid Waste 0
Explosives o
Incinerated 10, 300
(Wood)
Incinerated o
(Chemicals)
TOTALS 9,328,200
* PACIFIC
Wl4 • lJ$75
0 0
0 0
0 0
200 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
i~87d 197T 1973
000
000
0 0 0
000
000
000
0 12,100 0
TOTAL
240
200
12,100
16
-------
TABIŁ III (cont.)
WASTE TYPE TOTALS OF A, B, AND C
(In Appro*. Tons)
ZJ:^/„ 1J73 ^1 1974 :i6?V 1976 1877 1B78
Industrial Waste 5,050,800 4,579.700 3,441,900 2,733,500 1,843,800 2,548,173
Sewage Sludge 4,808,900 9,010,000 5,039,600 5,270,900 5,134,000 5,535,000
Construction and
Demolition Debris
Solid Waste
Explosives
Incinerated
(Wood)
Incinerated
(Chemicals)
973,700
240
0
10,800
0
770,400
200
0
15,800
12,300
395,900
0
0
6,200
4,100
314, 600
0
0
8,700
0
378,000
<100
0
15,100
29, 700
0
0
0
18,000
0
TOTAL 10,934,440 10,388,400 8,887,700 8,327,700 7,401,800 8,101,173
16-A
-------
-------
TABLE IV
SUMMARY OF OCEAN DUMPING PERMITTEES/APPLICANTS
DENIED OR PHASED OUT FROM 1973 to 1978
REGION
I II III IV VI IX
Totals
Action prior to April 1973
phased out —
During the remainder of 1973
withdrew
phased out —
denied
During 1974
withdrew
phased out —
denied
During 1975
withdrew
phased out 1
•i • :*
denied — —
During 1976
withdrew
phased out —
denied
During 1977
withdrew
phased out 1
jj » "I
denied ^~
During 1978
withdrew
phased out —
denied
44 —
• 4 —
1 —
__ __ -_
2 — —
21
11 —
6 —
10 1
2
17
130 —
2 —
16 --
1
31 — —
1 —
— - «—
—
1
1
1
1
1 1
__ -_
2
~-
—
1
... ...
1
-- --
1
--
44
4
2
1
3
22
4
6
14
2
17 •
131
2
18
1
32
1
Totals
2 279
304
17
-------
TABLE V
OCEAN DUMPING PEBMITS PHASED OUT
BY EPA REGION n DURING 1978
• Permittee ' '
Cam den Dept. Public Works
Wood-Ridge STP
CaldweE Boro STP
Chatham STP
Neptune Twp - Ocean Grove
Oakland Boro
Passaic Twp
Pompton Lakes
Wayne Twp.
Reheis Chemical Co.
Domestic Septic Tank Wastes
AAA Tank Service
A&M Environmental Service
CaldweE Trucking Co.
King Cesspool Service
Material Resources
Mola Septic Services
William Schaefer
Welsh Farms
All County Septic
Modern Transportation Co,
General Marine Trans. Corp.
PCI Sanitary Corp.
Barry Kruger Disposal Co.
R&R Sanitation
G» L, Redner, flic.
Harris Sanitation
Gaess Envir. Services
Central Jersey Septic
Middletown Septic Service
Port-O-Let Co.
Oswald Brothers
Horstmann & Giardine
PCI Services Unlimited
Location
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
Date
June
Nov.
Aug.
Mar.
June
June
Feb.
June
June
Dec,
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
Apr., Jan. &
Dec. 1978
18
-------
BASELINE AND MONITORING SURVEYS OF
OCEAN SITES FOR SITE DESIGNATION
Section 102(e) of the Act authorizes the Administrator to designate
areas where ocean dumping may be permitted and any critical areas
where dumping may be prohibited. The Act gives EPA the authority
to designate ocean dumping sites for dredged material, as well as
for sewage sludge, industrial wastes and other matter.
The current Ocean Dumping Regulations and Criteria list 141 sites
designated for ocean dumping. The 141 sites include 14 for municipal
and industrial wastes and 127 for dredged material. All but one, the
Gulf of Mexico ocean incineration site, are designated as interim
approved and were based primarily on historical use. The philosophy
behind this thinking is that until an adequate data base is developed
to indicate whether or not an adverse impact occurs from dumping,
it is better environmentally to risk damage to isolated locations which
have been used in the past than it would be to arbitrarily select new
sites and risk greater marine environmental impacts. EPA has made
the commitment to prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS)
in support of each site designated for use on a continuing basis.
This requires the intensive collection of environmental data as baseline
surveys at the dumpsites and adjacent areas. Monitoring surveys
continually measure and assess conditions at each site.
The baseline survey program began in 1974, and studies have been
conducted on a continuing basis since that time. In July 1977, a
contract was negotiated for preparing ElSs on sites deemed high
priority based on location and usage. The contract called for the
collection, analysis and evaluation of all available data on the sites,
with options to conduct baseline surveys to supplement pre-existing
information and preparation of ElSs.
In January 1978, in anticipation of the survey work required and to
effectively conduct the surveys in a timely and cost-effective manner,
EPA acquired a surplus Navy ship (USS Antelope), and initiated its
conversion to. an Oceanographic Survey Vessel (OSV).
The COE has provided funds to study some dredged material dumping
sites under this contract. The focus is on those sites representing
diverse ecological environments and receiving large volumes of
material. EISs are being prepared on 5 municipal and industrial
sites and on 21 dredged material locations, including 34 specific sites
(Table IV), This current dumpsite designation program is expected
to be completed in 1981. EPA is working closely with the COE in
this activity as well as in the development and implementation of
criteria and procedures for testing the acceptability of dredged
material for ocean disposal.
19
-------
Ocean disposal of municipal sewage sludge ami industrial wastes
in the New York Bight is a regional issue of intense public interest
and concern. In the United States, the majority of such dumping
occurs at sites managed by EPA Region II. Over 90 percent of all
dumping of sewage sludge, acid wastes, construction debris, and
chemical wastes takes place at EPA-designated ocean dumpsites in
the Bight.
Another important area of effort is monitoring these sites. Over
the past three years EPA has supported the development of new tech-
nology for monitoring the impacts of ocean dumping. Biological
monitoring devices have been designed to detect sublethal changes
in the enzyme balances of marine organisms which may occur
before any toxic effects become evident. During the summer of
1978, these Biotal Ocean Monitors (BOMs) were used as an opera-
tional monitoring tool in the New York Bight. Further studies are
planned for this coming summer.
Two cruises were conducted during 1978 in conjunction with studies
of the EPA Region III Philadelphia sewage sludge dumpsite. The
scientific investigations included sampling at historical stations (with
hydrocasts, dredge casts, and sediment samples), intensive grid
studies to determine local effects of pollution on benthic organisms,
and current meter deployment. The information from these cruises
will be used by EPA along with the past data in preparation of
an EIS on this site.
An extensive monitoring program was initiated in 1973 by Region
II to provide data on chemical and bacterial quality of water and
bottom sediments in the Bight and along the beaches. Over 100
sampling points up to 25 miles offshore are sampled by helicopter
or boat at least once a week. Tests include dissolved oxygen,
nutrients, suspended solids, organics, temperature, salinity, and
bacteria. Along the Long Island and New Jersey beaches frequented
by swimmers forty-five stations are sampled for bacteria at least
three times weekly during the critical summer months. Data is
also collected by municipal dumpers, as part of an EPA-imposed
monitoring program, and reported daily to EPA, In addition,
at the end of each NOAA research cruise, reports on any significant
aberration in oceanographic data in the Bight are submitted for EPA's
evaluation. Visual observation of the waters for floatables, slicks,
and other pollutants, using EPA and USCG helicopter overflights,
has been expanded. Thus, the availability of water-quality data is
now greatly improved.
20
-------
TABLE VI
EPA/COE SITES FOR ElSs AND DESIGNATION
Municipal and Industrial Sites
East Coast
106 Mile Industrial
Philadelphia Sludge
New York Acid
Cellar Dirt
North Atlantic Incineration
Dredged Material Sites
East Coast
San Juan, PR
Viegas Pass, PR
Jacksonville, PL
Savannah - Charleston - Wilmington
New York Mud Dump
Long Island - New Jersey Inlets
Portland, ME
Gulf
Tampa, FL
Pensacola - Mobile - Gulfport
Sabine - Neches, TX
Galveston, TX
West Coast
Honolulu
LA/San Diego, CA
LA/Long Beach, CA
Moss Landing, CA
San Francisco Bay, CA
San Francisco-100 fathom
Humbolt, CA
Coos Bay, OR
Columbia River, OR
Nome, AK
21
-------
Radioactive Waste Dump site Surveys
Since 1974 and through 1978, EPA has conducted environmental
assessment surveys at four radioactive waste disposal sites used
by the U. S. in the past. These include two sites 40 miles off the
California coast at the Parallon Islands, at depths of 900m and
1700m, and two sites in the Atlantic 120 miles and 200 miles off
the Maryland-Delaware coast at depths of 2800m and 3800m
respectively.
The earlier 1974-1976 EPA surveys at the 900m, 1700m and
2800m sites are discussed in the EPA Fourth and Fifth Annual
Reports on Ocean Dumping. A significant achievement during the
1976 survey at the Atlantic 2800m site was first-time recovery of
a radioactive waste container, with the use of a manned submersible.
The container withstood ocean bottom conditions relatively well dur-
ing its fifteen-year life in the deep sea. Preliminary results of
the drum analysis indicate that cobalt-60, contained in filters, was
the primary radioactive waste in the 80-gallon mild steel drum and
that cesium-137 was found throughout the concrete matrix suggesting
that low-level liquid waste containing cesium-137 was used to slurry
the concrete used as the drum matrix. There were varying degrees
of corrosion over the surface of the container, with enhanced corro-
sion at the sediment-buried regions. Cobalt-60 was not detected
in the sediments surrounding the container, suggesting no leakage
of the cobalt-60 from this waste package.
A. Farallon Islands 900m and 1700m Dumpsite Survey-1977
The EPA Fifth Annual Report on Ocean Dumping discusses the
levels of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239, -240 found in the sedi-
ments adjacent to radioactive waste containers at these two west
coast dumpsites. Although these findings confirmed the fact that
the containers have been the source for plutonium release, the
concentrations found to date do not appear to represent a risk to
man or to the marine environment.
During the 1977 survey on these sites, conducted in two phases
and with the assistance of the Canadian Department of Environment
and a manned submersible, further radiological, chemical, and bio-
logical characterizations of these dumpsites were accomplished. In
addition, bottom currents were examined through the long-term
deployment of current meters, and deep and mid-water organisms
were identified for assessments of potential for food-chain transport.
22
-------
At the 900m site during the second phase of operations, a radio-
active waste container was selected and recovered from this oxygen-
minimum zone in order to compare corrosion processes with more
highly oxygenated regions, such as the region from which the drum
was recovered in 1976. The intent is to determine whether corrosion
is significantly retarded in regions of lower oxygen concentration and
whether this represents an important site~selection characteristic.
B. Atlantic 3800m Dump site Survey-19 78
This site received approximately 15,000 containers of radioactive
waste with an estimated activity of 2100 curies between the years
1957 and 1962; it was examined for the first time in 1978. It is
the only historical U.S. nuclear waste dumpsite having depths
consistent with the 4, 000 meters or greater depths recommended by
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); therefore, it can be
used to obtain data on the long-range environmental effects of dumping
at sites typical of those which may be considered in the future for
use by Contracting Parties to the Ocean Dumping Convention.
A manned submersible was used to obtain precisely-located
sediment samples at measured distances from selected waste
drums to determine the concentration gradient and therefore the
retention capabilities of sediment for released radioactive partic-
ulates. The submersible was also invaluable for direct observation
of deepsea biota, sediment surface conditions, and the geological
and physical processes at work in the site. Box cores were taken
from a surface ship to examine biological populations living within
the sediments, and deepsea bottom trawls were conducted in order
to taxonomieally identify bottom-dwelling organisms. In addition,
a radioactive waste container was recovered, making this the third
such successful operation for EPA, and the deepest recovery to date.
The container is currently being examined for comparative corrosion
analysis with similar drums recovered at the Atlantic 2800m dumpsite
and the Pacific 900m dumpsite. This drum, recovery demonstrates
retrieval capability for radioactive waste packages from any dumpsite
in the world where disposal has occurred at or very near the inter-
nationally recommended minimum acceptable disposal depth of 4,000
meters or greater.
23
-------
ENFORCEMENT
Surveillance and enforcement activities to prevent unlawful
dumping, transportation of materials for dumping, and to assure
compliance with ocean dumping permit conditions are the re-
sponsibility • of the U.S. Coast Guard.
Ocean dumping permits require permittees to give authorities
advance notification prior to commencing any dumping operations.
The Coast Guard conducts surveillance of the operations by
several methods, including vessel or aircraft escort or inter-
ception of dumping vessels, in-port boardings and inspections,
shipriders on board to observe dumping operations, and Vessel
Traffic Services (VTS) radar. Operational testing of a recently
developed electronic recording device, the Ocean Dumping
Surveillance System (ODSS), was completed in June 1978.
Future plans caE for the installation of operational systems on
board dumping vessels through issuance of regulations. As of
the end of 1978, proposed rules had not been published.
During 1978 a total of 1, 030 surveillance missions were con-
ducted—173 on dumps of industrial waste and 857 on dumps of
other wastes, representing respectively a 53 percent and 21 per-
cent Coast Guard surveillance coverage for the two categories
of wastes. The missions were accomplished by the following
methods: 120 by vessels, 682 by aircraft, 179 by shipriders,
7 by VTS radar, and 42 by ODSS during operational testing.
In calendar year 1978, the Coast Guard referred to EPA Regional
Offices 9 cases that involved 9 alleged violations which included,
among others, 4 for dumping at an improper dispersal rate, and
2 for failure to provide proper notification.
In addition to Coast Guard surveillance, alleged violations are
also detected.by EPA and occasionally reported to EPA by other
organizations and private citizens. Regional Offices follow up
on all reports and investigate each case. In cases where vio-
lations are substantiated, complaints are issued and procedures
taken under EPA enforcement regulations.
Table VII identifies enforcement actions taken by EPA during 1978
and the disposition of each case. Also included are several cases
for which action had been pending from a previous year and final
disposition occurred in 1978.
In late 1977, EPA Region III initiated enforcement actions against
the City of Philadelphia for failure to comply with their imple-
mentation schedule for phasing out ocean dumping. Following
24
-------
an adjudicatory hearing, litigation was carried out and in 1978
a fine of $225,000 was levied against the City. The case has since
been resolved in Federal District Court by the City signing a consent
decree to end ocean dumping and paying a fine totaling $2,165,000.
The number of cases forwarded to EPA during 1978 is a signifi-
cant reduction compared to the previous two years. Two factors
contribute to this smaller number. In past years, there had been a
high number of alleged violations for failure to properly notify the
Coast Guard in advance of departure. Discussions between the applic-
able Coast Guard field units and the waste transporters involved have
led to very good compliance with this permit provision. Additionally,
most of the past violations resulted in letters of warning from EPA
with notification that stronger action would be taken in the future.
Where there were 77 such alleged violations in 1977, only two were
reported in 1978.
The second factor concerns fewer violations of the permit provi-
sion establishing the dispersal rate to be used when discharging
waste material. In 1977, there were 126 such reported violations.
All were for permitted activity involving sewage sludge disposal in
EPA Region II (Third Coast Guard District). Permits for sewage
sludge disposal required dispersal of material in the dumpsite over
a distance of five nautical miles at a speed not exceeding five knots.
One waste transporter was not complying with the speed and time
requirements until the notice of violation was received. In addition
to compliance during 1978 (only four violations—all in 1977—were
reported to EPA), a question was raised over the equity of this
dispersal rate. Smaller vessels with less capacity previously had
had to spend a minimum of one hour dumping even though their loads
were less. A new dispersal rate of 15,500 gallons per minute at a
vessel speed of not less than three knots has been incorporated
in 1978 permit renewals. This new rate will treat all vessels fairly
since it is dependent on cargo quantity.
25
-------
TABLE VII
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
OS
ORDER
NO.
Region I
Region II
76-10
76-11
X 77-5/11
78-1
78-2
78-3
78-4
78-5
78-6
RESPONDENT'S REFERRAL TYPE OF COMPLAINT
WAMT* FROM VIOLATION ISSUED
Vessel - Trans- USCG
oceanica Elena
Allied Chemical USCG
Corp.
The City of New USCG
York
General Marine USCG
Trans, Corp.
Joint Mtg. Of EPA
Essex and
Union Co,
Middletown Twp. EPA
Sewerage Auth.
Rahway Valley EPA
Sewerage Auth.
Linden- Roselle EPA
Sewerage Auth.
Town of Kearny EPA
Borough of EPA
Wood-Ridge
m ^.t f~*nAw EPA
Dumping witliout
a permit
Damped outside
authorized dump
site
Dumped outside
authorized site
Dumping at a faster
rate and over a
shorter distance
than permitted
Permit condition.
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition.
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition.
6/11/78
11/12/76
11/12/76
3/22/77 &
5/11/77
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
DISPOSITION
$2500 penalty
payment - 4/18/79
Final Order-2/ 14/78
Charges withdrawn
Final Order-2/ 14/78
Charges withdrawn •
Final Order-6/ 23/78
Charges withdrawn
Pending
Final Order-1 0/28/78
Revision of schedule
Pending
Pending
Final Order-1 2/8/78
Cessation required
by 4/30/79
Final Order-1 2/1/78
Charges withdrawn
Final Order- 3 / 19/79
DISPOSAL
SITE '
13 miles off
coast of Mass.
Acid wastes
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
78-7
Grove
Compliance
schedule
revision of schedule
-------
TABLE VII
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS {CONT.)
ORDER
NO,
78-8
78-9
78-10
78-11
78-12
78-13
78-14
78-15
RESPONDENT'S REFERRAL TYPE OF
NAME FROM VIOLATION
-Twp of Chatham EPA
Twp of Morris EPA
Twp of Roxbury EPA
Twp of EPA
Washington
Northeast EPA
Monmouth
Regional
Sewerage Auth.
Town of West EPA
New York
Borough of EPA
Atlantic
Highlands
City of Asbury EPA
Park '
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition,
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition.
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition.
Compliance
COMPLAINT
ISSUED DISPOSITION
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/22/78
2/21/78
3/21/78
Final Order-3/2/78
Charges withdrawn
Final Order-S/ 31/78
Revision of schedule
Final Order -.'i/ 31/78
Revision of schedule
Final Order-I 2/13/78
Revision of schedule
Pending
Final Order-12/13/78
Revision of schedule
Final Order-a/ 26/78
• Revision of schedule
Final Order-3/31/78
Revision of schedule
DISPOSAL
SITE
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
schedule
-------
TABLE VII
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS (COOT.)
OBDBB
jgO.
78-16
RESPONDENT'S
NAME
Bergen County
Utilities Aufli,
REFERRAL TYPE OF
FROM VIOLATION
78-1? Town of Kearny
78-18
78-21
Modern Trans.
&. PCI Corp,
Squibb Mfg. »
Inc.
tsJ
oo
Regfon IX
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
Region III
City of Philadelphia EPA
Region VI
Carina Maritime USCG
Corp. TTT Ships
Agent Inc.
Fishing vessel USCG
117 Jinan, Bep.
of Korea; towing
vessel Nam Hae
#223.
Permit condition.
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition.
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition.
Compliance
schedule
Permit condition.
Compliance
schedule
COMPLAINT
ISSUED
Waived
9/1/78
Waived
Waived
Failure to adhere
compliance sche-
dule and reporting
requirements
Dumping without
a permit
Disposal without
compliance to
general permit
for disposing of
vessel at sea
filed suit
in Fed.
Dist. Court
6/12/78
DISPOSITION
Final Order-12/28/78
Revision of schedule
Final Order-12/8/78
Monthly reports
required
Final Order-9/8/78
$3,000 penally payment
and revision of schedule
Final Order-12/28/78
$12,000 penalty payment
Revision of schedule
Final Order-5/30/79
$2,165,000 penalty
(consolidated with
NPDES violation)
11/16/78 Pending
1/25/78 Cooperation of Ship's
Captain and emergency
situation determined
no penally assessment
DISPOSAL
SITE
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge
Chemical waste
P.B.
Philadelphia
7.2 miles off
Galveston south
jetty
Pacific Ocean, 74
miles SW of Pago
Pago
-------
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) supports the
enforcement and permitting functions of EPA through the technical
expertise of its scientists. Attendant to these are the research
projects which are ongoing and form the data base of support for the
guideline and decision-making functions of the Agency.
Marine research in ORD strengthens the technological and scientific
basis for Agency decisions on waste disposal in marine waters,
and protection of the marine environment through control of sources
of pollution.
The following marine research projects are of either direct or
indirect importance to the Ocean Dumping Program.
Directly Related to Ocean Dumping
Bioassay Manual
A manual (published May 1976) describing bioassay procedures for
evaluating waste materials for the ocean dumping program was
updated in 1978. Work on refinement and updating of procedures in
this manual is a continuing process.
A methods manual to determine the effects of selected complex
organic wastes on marine organisms and ecosystems will be published
in June 1979. These assays include static and flowing water bioassays
with fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton. In addition, life
cycle bioassays and culture methods for silversides, Menidia., have
also been developed, providing new screening procedures.
Dredged Material Bioassay
The research conducted under this project will improve bioassays
suitable for testing potential ecological effects of dredged material
disposal in the marine environment. Both the water column and benthlc
components are addressed in these studies.
Petrochemical Bioassays
A series of studies is being conducted which involve the toxicity
of petrochemicals and energy related organics during ocean dumping
and offshore petroleum recovery activities. Toxicity tests on single
species and communities are being developed for selected components
29
-------
of drilling muds and cuttings, and man-mobilized petroleum hydro-
carbons. Mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic potential of shale-
oil will be examined and toxicity tests will be conducted on shale-oil
derived marine diesel fuel.
Benthic Bioassay (Sub-lethal)
The objective of this research is to develop a benthic bioassay
system, based sub-lethal responses of deposit-feeding fauna (e.g.,
Nephtys, Yoldia, and Nucula) to pollutant stresses. Quantification of
normal biological parameters such as growth rates, reproductive
seasons, feeding, and burrowing rates, metabolic rate/temperature
relationship, and laboratory food requirements, are preliminary to
studies on the effects of pollutants on these parameters. The final
test system will examine in routine bioassay an array of organic,
inorganic, and mixed contaminants which may impact the benthos.
Contaminant Flux from Marine Sediments
The objectives of this work are to gather information needed for
developing disposal guidelines which will minimize environmental
impacts of wastes caused by heavy metal and organic chemical
pollutants and to determine circumstances which inhibit nutrient
recycling. Three supporting projects are: 1) a study of benthic
fluxes and pore water chemistry to assess the impact of pollutants
on and around a dredged material site; 2) a continuing study of benthic
fluxes and pore water chemistry to understand how sediment pollutant
and chemical properties affect trace metal releases and 3) a compar-
ison of metal, hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contents
of dredged material and surrounding sediments to assess the feasibility
for using metal as tracers for hard-to-measure organic pollutants.
Field Method Development
The objectives of this work are to identify indices which are most
useful in quantitative impact assessment, and to determine the efficiency
of biomathematical indices of various population parameters (diversity,
dominance, richness, and spatial-temporal heterogeneity) for measuring
the impact of pollution in marine ecosystems.
Three reports which define sampling techniques and guidelines for
marine macrobenthos, zooplankton and phytoplankton for quantitative
monitoring programs have been published (Ref. 2, 3, 4).
Statistical Methods Development
The development of statistical methods for quantifying stress on
marine communities is in progress. The approach used determines
the efficacy of various ecological values as measures of impact of
pollution in marine habitats. A community structure in different
biogeographical provinces will be assessed for reactions to pollutant
stress.
30
-------
Sewage Sludge Disposal
The characterization of pollutant behavior and ecosystem response
associated with marine waste disposal has been a goal of studies in
the New York Bight. The objective of these studies determines
chemical-physical behavior of contaminants and ecosystem response
to perturbations associated with municipal wastewater discharge,
diffuse source inputs, and disposal of dredged material. Oceanographic
data were obtained before, during, and at various time intervals after
specific dumpings of sewage sludge.
Three publications have resulted from, studies on the effects of sewage
sludge discharged in the New York City Bight. (Kef. 5, 6, 7).
Indirectly Related to Qcean Dumping
Several programs are related to ocean dumping interests sharing
common research objectives and outputs (Ref. 8, 9). Some of these
are mentioned below.
Environmental assessment and the development of bioassays continues
to be important in the research and development objectives of the
program. This program provides assistance in the determination of
specific levels of control on industrial wastes impacting marine
environments and in the development of marine bioassay procedures
for on-site evaluation of the waste stream control.
The objective of other bioassay development work is to define the
kinetics of a variety of pollutants at low concentrations and examine
these for uptake, depuration, Mstopathological damage, and effects
on reproduction.. These studies address arsenic, copper, cadmium
and petroleum hydrocarbons with inclusion of chlorinated organics in
the next year. Results of metal bioaccumulation studies are available
in published and unpublished manuscripts from the project.
Other related bioassay research develops methods to establish lethal
and sublethal limits for short and long term exposure of selected marine
organisms in waters impacted by man. Field verification of bioassay
results from laboratory-controlled exposures wiH be attempted, and
measurement of exposure conditions will be made by an automated
submerged water sampling apparatus designed to provide a series of
integrated measurements of selected pollutants.
The following research projects are focused upon chemical meth-
odologies and ecosystem measurements in response to marine waste
disposal or its abatement.
31
-------
Marine Instrumental Analysis ' -
This research is concerned with analysis of marine samples of water,
organisms, and sediments by neutron activation analysis, flame and
flameless atomic absorption, and alpha particle spectrometry.
Marine Chlorination Research
Another research effort seeks to identify the chlorine-containing
and bromine-containing organic compounds which are formed when
chlorine is added to seawater. Total organic halogenated compound
yields are measured, then the reaction products are fractionated, using
selective solubility and thin layer chromatography. Characterization
is carried out using gas chromatographic-mass spectral techniques
and additional characterization based on UV and IR spectra with NMR
for special cases. Conference reports are published annually. (Ref. 10)
Microcosm Sim.ula.tion
Other research has used laboratory microcosms to develop marine
microcosm methodology, comparing small and large microcosm
behavior. Some assessments measure the effects of sewage sludge
application and recovery, or time specific studies of multiple stresses
on microcosms. This on-going work helps us understand aspects of
stability and resiliency in estuarine and marine ecosystems.
Recovery of Damaged Ecosystems; Stress Relaxation Research
The objectives of the studies are to determine to what extent and at
what rate does a tropical coral reef/estuary ecosystem return to
pre-stress conditions after abatement of sewage sludge disposal.
Both field and laboratory monitoring experiments yield two years of >
time-series pre-diversion baseline data and one year of post-diversion
recovery data. Documentation of recovery characteristics and
predictive abilily is found in the most recent annual report entitled:
Kaneohe Bay Sewage Relaxation Experiment: Pre-diversion Report"
(Ref. 11). Several other papers and two annual reports have been
published to date. These studies have wide applications and form
part of a series which includes descriptions of biogeographic areas.
Comprehensive research studies include tropical {Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii),
subtropical (Miami, Florida), and southern and northern temperate
marine ecosystem (Los Angeles Bight; New York Bight; Narragansett
Bay; Rhode Island; Duwamish River, Washington).
References
1. Bioassay Procedures for the Ocean Disposal Permit Program.
March 1978. Environmental Research Lab., ORD, USEPA, Gulf
Breeze, Florida. EPA-600/9-78-010.
32
-------
2. Swartz, R. C. 1978, Techniques for sampling and analyzing the
marine maerobenthos. EPA Ecol. Res. Series, EPA/600/3-78-Q30,
27 pp.
3. Jacob, Fred, and George C. Grant, 1978. Guidelines for zooplankton
sampling in quantitative baseline and monitoring programs. EPA
Ecol. Res. Series EPA-600/3-78-Q26, 52 pp.
4. Stofan, PaulE., and George C. Grant, 1978. Phytoplankton
sampling in quantitative baseline and monitoring programs.
EPA Ecol. Res. Series EPA-50Q/3-78-025, 84 pp.
5. Ditswoth, G. R.., A.M. Teeter, and R. J. Callaway, 1978.
New York Bight Suspended Matter and Oceanographic Data;
1973-1974. EPA Ecol. Res. Ser. EPA-600/3-78-022, 65 pp.
6. Teeter, A.M., R.J. Callaway, and D.W. Denbo, 1978.
Dispersion of Sewage Sludge Discharged into New York Bight--
Physical Oceanographic Data. December 1974. EPA Ecol. Res.
Ser. EPA-600/3-78-086a, 53 pp.
7. Teeter, A.M., R.J. Callaway, G. R. Ditsworth, D.W. Denbo,
and D. Browne, 1978. Dispersion of Sewage Sludge Discharged
into New York Bight—Physical Oceanographic data and laboratory
analyses, 1975. EPA Ecol. Res. Ser. 600/3-78-086b, 202 pp.
8. Baumgartner, D. J., D.W. Schults, and J.B. Carkin, 1978.
Chemical and physical analyses of water and sediments in rela-
tion to disposal of dredged material in Elliott Bay. Army Corps
of Eng., Dredged Materials Res. Prog. Tech. Rept. D-77-24,
215 pp.
9. Pavlow, S.P., andW. Horn. 1978. PCB removal from the
Duwamish River estuary: Implications to the management alter-
native for the Hudson River PCB clean up. Proc. N. W. Acad.
Sci., Science Week, June 1978. {In press).
10. Jolley, Robert J., Hend Gorchev, and D. Heyward. Water
ChloronationJ Environmental impact and health effects. Vol. II,
Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1978,
909 pp.
11. Kaneohe Bay Sewage Relaxation Experiment: Pre-diversion Report.
September 1978. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, Hawaii.
33
-------
-------
APPENDIX A
RESOLUTION AND AMENDMENTS ON
INCINERATION AT SEA
CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION OP MARINE
POLLUTION BY DUMPING OF WASTES
AND OTHER MATTER
-------
-------
INCINERATION AT SEA
Resolution adopted on 12 October 1978
THE THIRD CONSULTATIVE MEETING,
RECALLING Article I of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine
Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, which provides that
Contracting Parties shall individually and collectively promote the effective
control of all sources of pollution of the marine environment,
HAYING NOTED the use of incineration at sea as a means of disposal of
wastes containing highly toxic substances and the consequent risks of marine
and atmospheric pollution which may result from this process,
DESIRING to prevent such pollution and to minimize the risk of hazards
to other vessels or interference with other legitimate uses of the sea which
could arise from incineration operations at sea,
RECOGNIZING present methods of incineration at sea as being an
interim method of disposal of wastes pending the development of environ-
mentally better solutions, considering at all times the best available
technology,
AFFIRMING that the intention of the adoption of mandatory provisions
for the control of incineration at sea is not to increase the amounts and
kinds of wastes or other matter incinerated at sea for which there are
available practical alternative land-based methods of treatment, disposal
or elimination,
REAFFIRMING that, in accordance with Article IV(3) of the Convention,
Contracting Parties can apply additional regulations for incineration at sea
on a national basis,
A-l
-------
NOTING that Article VIII of the Convention encourages Contracting
Parties, within the framework of regional conventions, to develop further
agreements reflecting the conditions of the geographical area concerned,
RECALLING the decision of the Second Consultative Meeting that pro-
visions for the control of incineration at sea should be implemented by
Contracting Parties on a mandatory basis in the form of a legal instrument
adopted within the framework of the Convention (LDC 11/11, Annex II),
HAVING CONSIDERED the proposed amendments to the Annexes of the
Convention for the control of incineration at sea contained in the Report
of the Ad Hoc Group of Legal Experts on Dumping,
ADOPTS the following amendments to the Annexes to the Convention
in accordance with Articles XIV(4)(a) and XV(2) thereof:
(a) addition of a paragraph 10 to Annex I;
(b) addition of a paragraph E to Annex II; and
(c) addition of an Addendum to Annex I, containing Regulations for
the Control of Incineration of Wastes and Other Matter at Sea,
the texts of which are set out in Attachment to this Resolution,
ENTRUSTS the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization
with the task of ensuring, in collaboration with the Governments of Prance,
Spain, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom, that
the texts of the above Amendments are drawn up by 1 December 1978 in
all official languages of the Convention, with the linguistic consistency in
each text, which would then become the authentic text of the Annexes to
the Convention in the English, French, Russian and Spanish languages,
A-2
-------
RESOLVES that for the purposes of Articles XIV(4)(a) and XV{2) of the
Convention, 1 December 1978 shaE be treated as the date of the adoption
of the amendments,
REQUESTS the Secretary-General of the Organization to inform Contract-
ing Parties of the above-mentioned amendments,
REQUESTS the Ad Hoc Group on Incineration at Sea to prepare draft
Technical Guidelines for the Control of Incineration of Wastes and Other
Matter at Sea with a view to adoption by the Fourth Consultative Meeting,
INVITES Contracting Parties to implement, as an interim measure, the
existing Technical Guidelines (1JDC II/II, Annex II, with amendments (IAS/9,
Annex IV)) and the notification procedure set out in Annex 2 to LDC III/12.
A-3
-------
Attachment
AMENDMENTS TO ANNEXES TO THE CONVENTION
ON THE PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION
BY DUMPING OF WASTES AND OTHER MATTER
CONCERNING INCINERATION AT SEA
The fallowing paragraph shall be added to Annex I;
10, Paragraphs 1 and 5 of this Annex do not apply to the disposal of wastes
or other matter referred to In these paragraphs by means of incineration
at sea. Incineration of such wastes or other matter at sea requires a prior
special permit. In the issue of special permits for incineration the Contract-
ing Parties shall apply the Regulations for the Control of Incineration of
Wastes and Other Matter at Sea set forth in the Addendum to this Annex
(which shall constitute an integral part of this Annex) and take full account
of the Technical Guidelines on the Control of Incineration of Wastes and
Other Matter at Sea adopted by the Contracting Parties in consultation.
The following paragrpah shall be added to Annex II;
E. In the issue of special permits for the incineration of substances and
materials listed in this Annex, the Contracting Parties shall apply the
Regulations for the Control of Incineration of Wastes and Other Matter at
Sea set forth in the Addendum to Annex I and take full account of the
Technical Guidelines on the Control of Incineration of Wastes and Other
Matter at Sea adopted by the Contracting Parties in consultation, to the
extent specified in these Regulations and Guidelines.
A-4
-------
ADDENDUM
REGULATIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INCINERATION OF
WASTES AND OTHER MATTER AT SEA
PART I
REGULATION 1
Definitions
For the purposes of this Addendum:
(1) "Marine incineration facility" means a vessel, platform, or other
man-made structure operating for the purpose of incineration at sea.
(2) "Incineration at sea" means the deliberate combustion of wastes or
other matter on marine incineration facilities for the purpose of their
thermal destruction. Activities incidental to the normal operation of
vessels, platforms or other man-made structures are excluded from the
scope of this definition.
REGULATION 2
Application
(1) Part II of these Regulations shall apply to the following wastes or
other matter;
(a) those referred to in paragraph 1 of Annex I;
(b) pesticides and their by-products not covered in Annex I.
(2) Contracting Parties shall first consider the practical availability of
alternative land-based methods of treatment, disposal or elimination, or
of treatment to render the wastes or other matter less harmful, before
issuing a permit for incineration at sea in accordance with these
Regulations. Incineration at sea shall in no way be interpreted as
discouraging progress towards environmentally better solutions including
the development of new techniques,
A-5
-------
(3) Incineration at sea of wastes or other matter referred to in paragraph
10 of Annex I and paragraph E of Annex II, other than those referred to in
paragraph (1) of this Regulation, shall be controlled to the satisfaction of
the Contracting Party issuing the special permit,
(4) Incineration at sea of wastes or other matter not referred to in para-
graphs (1) and (3) of this Regulation shall be subject to a general permit*
(5) In the issue of permits referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4) of this
Regulation, the Contracting Parties shall take full account of all applicable
provisions of these Regulations and the Technical Guideline^ on the Control
of Incineration of Waste and Other Matter at Sea for the waste in question.
PART II
REGULATION 3
Approval and Surveys of the Incineration System
(1) The incineration system for every proposed marine incineration facility-
shall be subject to the surveys specified below. In accordance with Article
VII(l) of the Convention, the Contracting Party which proposes to issue an
incineration permit shall ensure that the surveys of the marine incineration
facility to be used have been completed and the incineration system complies
with the provisions of these Regulations. If the Initial survey is carried
out under the direction of a Contracting Party a special permit, which
specifies the testing requirements, shall be issued by the Party. The
results of each survey shall be recorded in a survey report.
(a) An initial survey shall be carried out in order to ensure that
during the incineration of waste and other matter combustion
and destruction efficiencies are in excess of 99.9 per cent.
A-6
-------
(b) As a part of the initial survey the State under whose direction
the survey is being carried out shall:
(i) approve the siting, type and mariner of use of temperature
measuring devices;
(ii) approve the gas sampling system including probe locations,
analytical devices, and the manner of recording!
(iii) ensure that approved devices have been installed to automatically
shut off the feed of waste to the incinerator if the temperature
drops below approved minimum temperatures;
(iv) ensure that there are no means of disposing of wastes or other
matter from the marine incineration facility except by means
of the incinerator during normal operations;
(v) approve the devices by which feed rates of waste and fuel are
controlled and recorded;
(vi) confirm the performance of the incineration system by testing
under intensive stack monitoring, including the measurements
0 , CO, CO » halogenated organic content, and total hydrocarbon
2 2
content using wastes typical of those expected to be incinerated
(c) The incineration system shall be surveyed at least every two years
to ensure that the incinerator continues to comply with these Eegula-
tions. The scope of the biennial survey shall be based upon an
evaluation of operating data and maintenance records for the previous
two years.
(2) Following the satisfactory completion of a survey, a form of approval
shall be issued by a Contracting Party if the incineration system is found to
A-7
-------
be in compliance with these Regulations. A copy of the survey report shall
be attached to the form of approval. A form of approval issued by a Contract-
ing Party shall be recognized by other Contracting Parties unless there are
clear grounds for believing that the incineration system is not Li compliance
with these Regulations. A copy of each form of approval and survey report
shall be submitted to the Organization.
(3) After any survey has been completed, no significant changes which
could affect the performance of the incineration system shall be made with-
out approval of the Contracting Party which has issued the form of approval.
REGULATION 4
Wastes Requiring^Special Studies
(I) Where a Contracting Party has doubts as to the thermal destructibility
of the wastes and other matter proposed for incineration, pilot scale tests
shall be undertaken,
(2) Where a Contracting Party proposes to permit incineration of wastes or
other matter over which doubts as to the efficiency of combustion exist, the
incineration system shall be subject to the same intensive stack monitoring
as required for the initial incineration system survey. Consideration shall
be given to the sampling of particulates, taking into account the solid content
of the wastes.
(3) The minimum approved flame temperature shall be that specified in
Regulation 5 unless the results of tests on the marine incineration facility
demonstrate that the required combustion and destruction efficiency can be
achieved at a lower temperature.
(4) The results of special studies referred to in paragraphs (1) (2) and (3)
A-8
-------
of this Regulation shall be recorded and attached to the survey report. A
copy shall be sent to the Organization.
REGULATION 5
Operational Requirements
(1) The operation of the incineration system shall be controlled so as to
ensure that the incineration of wastes or other matter does not take place
at a flame temperature less than 1250 degrees centigrade, except as pro-
vided for in Regulation 4.
(2) The combustion efficiency shall be at least 99. 95+ 0. 05% based on:
C C
CO CO
Combustion efficiency = 2 • x 100
C
CO
2
where C = concentration of carbon dioxide in the combustion gases
CO
2
C = concentration of carbon monoxide in the combustion gases.
CO
(3) There shall be no black smoke nor flame extension above the plane of the
stack,
(4) The marine incineration facility shall reply promptly to "radio calls at
all times during the incineration.
REGULATION 6
Recording Devices and Records
(1) Marine incineration facilities shall utilize recording devices or methods
as approved under Regulation 3. As a minimum, the following data shall
be recorded during each incineration operation and retained for inspection
by the Contracting Party who has issued the permit;
A-9
-------
(a) continuous temperature measurements by approved temperature
measuring devices;
(b) date and time during incineration and record of waste being
incinerated;
(c) vessel position by appropriate navigational means;
(d) feed rates of waste and fuel - for liquid wastes and fuel the flow
rate shall be continuously recorded; the latter requirement does
not apply to vessels operating on or before 1 January 1979;
(e) CO and CO concentration in combustion gases;
2
(f) vessel's course and speed.
(2) Approval forms issued, copies of survey reports prepared in accord-
ance with Regulation 3 and copies of incineration permits issued for the
wastes or other matter to be incinerated on the facility by a Contracting
Party shall be kept at the marine incineration facility.
REGULATION 7
Control^over the Nature of Wastes Incinerated
A permit application for the incineration of wastes or other matter
at sea shall include information on the characteristics of wastes or other
matter sufficient to comply with the requirements of Regulation 9.
REGULATION 8
Incineration Sitejg
(1) Provisions to be considered in establishing criteria governing
the selection of incineration sites shall include, in addition to those
listed in Annex III to the Convention, the following;
(a) the atmospheric disperal characteristics of the area - including
A-10
-------
wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability, frequency of
inversions and fog, precipitation types and amounts, humidity -
in order to determine the potential impact on the surrounding
environment of pollutants released from the marine incineration
facility, giving particular attention to the possibility of atmospheric
transport of pollutants to coastal areas;
(b) oceanic dispersal characteristics of the area in order to evaluate
the potential impact of plume interaction with the water surface;
(c) availability of navigational aids.
(2) The coordinates of permanently designated incineration zones shall
be widely disseminated and communicated to the Organization.
REGULATION 9
Notification
Contracting Parties shall comply with notification procedures adopted
by the Parties in consultation.
.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE! 1979-281-147/97
A-ll
-------
-------
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Washington DC 20460
_
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
Postage and
Fees paid
Environmental
Protection
Agency
EPA 335
Third-Cl8ss
------- |