v>EPA
   United States
   Environmental Protection
   Agency
Preparing Your Drinking
Water Consumer
Confidence Report

Guidance for Water Suppliers
2nd Revision: EPA 816-R-09-011, April 2010

-------
(Original Document: EPA 816-R-01-002, January 2001)

(Revised Document: EPA 816-R-05-002, April 2005)

(2nd Revision of Document: EPA 816-R-09-011, April 2010)
Office of Water (4606M)
EPA816-R-09-011
www. epa. gov/safewater
April 2010

-------
Disclaimer

This document provides guidance to water suppliers on the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA's) current interpretation of the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule. This
document provides guidance on how to implement national policy. This document is not a
substitute for EPA's regulations; nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally
binding requirements on EPA, states, or water suppliers and may not apply to a particular
situation  based upon its circumstances. This document does not confer legal rights or impose
legal obligations upon any member of the public. While EPA has made every effort to ensure the
accuracy of the discussion in this guidance, statutes, regulations, or other legally binding
requirements determine the obligations of the regulated community. In the event of a conflict
between the discussion in this document and any statute or regulation, this document would not
be controlling.

The general description provided here may not apply to a particular situation based upon the
circumstances. Interested parties are free to raise questions and objections about the substance of
this guidance and the appropriateness of the application of this guidance to a particular situation.
EPA and other decision makers retain the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis
that differ from those described in this guidance, where appropriate. EPA may change this
guidance in the future.

Throughout this document, the terms "state"  and "states" are used to refer to all types of primacy
agencies  including states, U.S. territories, Native American tribes, and EPA Regions that
maintain  state primacy.

-------
This Page Intentionally Left Blank

-------
Contents
Introduction	1
I. What is a consumer confidence report?	4
II. Who must prepare a consumer confidence report?	4
III. When must a water system distribute its report?	5
IV. What content is required in the report?	5
   Item 1: Required Information about the Water System	7
   Item 2: Source(s) of Water	8
   Item 3: Definitions	9
   Item 4: Reporting Levels of Detected Contaminants	10
    Multiple Distribution Systems	17
    Including Tier 3 Public Notices in CCRs	17
   Item 5: Information on Monitoring for Cryptosporidium, Radon, and Other Contaminants... 17
    Reporting on Cryptosporidium	17
    Reporting on Radon	18
    Reporting on Additional Monitoring	19
   Item 6: Compliance with Other Drinking Water Regulations	19
    National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) Violations	19
    Special Notice for Systems Required to Comply with the GWR	20
   Item 7: Variances and Exemptions	22
   Item 8: Required Educational Information	22
    Special Requirements for Nitrate, Arsenic, and Lead	24
    Other Educational Information	25
V. What should the CCR look like?	26
VI. How must the CCR be distributed?	26
   Reach All Consumers Not Receiving Water Bills	27
   Waiving the Mailing Requirement	27
VII. Keeping CCR Copies on File	28
VIII. References	28
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               i                                   April 2010

-------
Appendix A- Translations for English Instructions	29
Appendix B -Reporting Monitoring Data	33
Appendix C - Certification Form	53
Appendix D - Information on Source Water Assessment Programs and Conservation Efforts ..55
  Source Water Assessment Program	55
    Background	55
  Incorporating Source Water Assessment Results in CCRs	56
  CCR Examples - Summarizing Source Water Assessment Results and Source Water
  Protection and Water Conservation Tips	57
Appendix E - Examples of Consumer Confidence Reports	61
Appendix F - Regulated Contaminants	79
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               ii                                  April 2010

-------
Acronyms
AL
CCR
CDC
CFR
DBPP
DER
DWSRF
EPA
FBRR
FDA
GWR
HAAS
IDSE
IESWTR
LCR
LT IESWTR
LT2ESWTR
LRAA
MCL
MCLG
MDL
mg/L
mrem
MRDL
MRDLG
ND
NPDWR
NTU
pCi/L
ppb
ppm
ppt
PWS
Action Level
Consumer Confidence Report
Centers for Disease Control
Code of Federal Regulations
Disinfection Byproduct Precursor
Department of Environmental Resources
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
Environmental Protection Agency
Filter Backwash Recycling Rule
Food and Drug Administration
Ground Water Rule
Five Haloacetic Acids
Initial Distribution System Evaluation
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Long-Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Locational Running Annual Average
Maximum Contaminant Level
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
Method Detection Limit
Milligrams per Liters
Millirem
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
Non Detect
National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
Nephelometric Turbidity Units
Picocuries per Liter
Parts per Billion
Parts per Million
Parts per Trillion
Public Water Systems
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
in
April 2010

-------
RAA
SDWA
Stage 1 DBPR
Stage 2 DBPR
SWAP
SWTR
TCR
TOC
TT
TTHM
WHP
Running Annual Average
Safe Drinking Water Act
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule
Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule
Source Water Assessment Program
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Total Organic Carbon
Treatment Technique
Total Trihalomethanes
Wellhead Protection Program
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
IV
April 2010

-------
Introduction

This document is intended to be used by water suppliers who are preparing their annual drinking
water consumer confidence reports (CCRs) [40 CFR Part 141, Subpart O]. This guide explains
the requirements for report content, format, and distribution that the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) established in the CCR Rule, published in the Federal Register on
August 19, 1998 (63 FR 44512), and in subsequent revisions to the rule through calendar year
2008.

As the system operator/manager, you are a guardian of the quality of your drinking water supply
and of the public health in your community. It is important to communicate to your customers,
and your customers have the right to know, the  source of their water and what is in the water
they drink. CCRs help consumers make informed choices that affect the health of themselves and
their families. They also encourage consumers to consider and appreciate the challenges of
delivering safe drinking water. Educated consumers are more likely to help protect their drinking
water sources and to understand the true costs of safe drinking water.

Water suppliers, states, and EPA work to educate consumers about the sources, quality, and
delivery of their drinking water, and to increase their involvement in decisions about it. Systems
and states encourage citizens to participate in decision-making regarding source water
assessment and protection programs and use of the Drinking Water  State Revolving Fund
(DWSRF), which provides funding for infrastructure upgrades and treatment improvements.
Consumers who are familiar with the basic drinking water information in CCRs will be able to
participate more effectively in these processes.

Since the last revision of this document in April 2005, EPA has published the:

   •   Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 2 DBPR) - January 4,
       2006.

   •   Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) - January 5, 2006.

   •   Ground Water Rule (GWR) - November 8, 2006.

   •   Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) Short Term Regulatory Revisions and Clarifications (LCR
       Revisions) - October 10, 2007.

   •   Miscellaneous corrections to existing rules.

   •   Miscellaneous revisions or additions to analytical methods, detection limits and
       compliance dates.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               1                                  April 2010

-------
These rules create new requirements that may be subject to inclusion in a CCR. (Note: if you are
uncertain about which requirements apply to your system and when, contact your state.)

   •   Stage 2 DBPR: Based on a system's schedule under the Stage 2 DBPR, systems will
       change from reporting their system-wide running annual average (RAA) to reporting the
       highest locational running annual averages (LRAAs) for total trihalomethanes (TTHM)
       and five haloacetic acids (HAAS). Systems will also report the range of sample results for
       all monitoring locations. If more than one location exceeds the TTHM or HAAS
       maximum contaminant level (MCL), the system must include the location running annual
       average for all locations that exceed the MCL.

       During the calendar years that the water system collects samples for the Initial
       Distribution System Evaluation (IDSE), systems must include IDSE sample results when
       reporting the range of TTHM and HAAS.

       Systems must also report in their CCR if they failed to monitor for TTHM or HAAS.

       Information regarding this new rule is on pages 12 and 36-40 of this document.

   •   LT2ESWTR: Based on a system's  schedule under the LT2ESWTR, a surface water
       system must report violations in their CCR related to this rule. These include:

          -   Treatment technique violations for: failure to address an uncovered finished water
              reservoir (i.e., cover or treat); failure to determine and report a bin classification
              (filtered systems); failure to calculate and report a mean Cryptosporidium level
              (unfiltered systems); failure to provide, install or maintain a required level of
              additional treatment (filtered systems); failure to achieve the required inactivation
              level or maintain it once achieved (unfiltered systems); and failure to install a
              second disinfectant (unfiltered systems).

          -   Monitoring and reporting violations for failure to monitor for Cryptosporidium for
              any  three months, failure to monitor for E. coli and turbidity, and failure to notify
              the state before making a change to a disinfection practice. In addition, positive
              results of any  Cryptosporidium monitoring must be reported in the CCR, whether
              taken for compliance with LT2ESWTR or voluntarily.

          Note: Surface water systems that collected E. coli samples at the source under
          LT2ESWTR are not required to  report these results in their CCR. However, they are
          required to discuss if they failed to monitor for E. coli at the source.

          Information regarding this new rule is on pages 14-15 and 48 of this document.

   •   GWR: Beginning with the report due July 1, 2010, a ground water system must report
       any detection of a fecal indicator (E. coli, enterococci, coliphage) at the source and
       provide special notice regarding the detect. A ground water system must also provide
       special notice for any significant deficiency that is uncorrected by the end of the calendar

Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                2                                   April 2010

-------
       year. In addition, a ground water system must report violations of the GWR in their CCR
       which include:

          -   Treatment technique violations for failure to maintain 4-log treatment of viruses
              for more than 4 hours for systems  required to treat to 4-log; failure to take
              corrective action within the required timeframe or be in compliance with a state-
              approved corrective action plan and schedule for a fecal indicator-positive source
              sample; and failure to take corrective action within the required timeframe or be
              in compliance with a state-approved corrective action plan and schedule for a
              significant deficiency.

          -   Monitoring and reporting violations for failure to conduct source water
              monitoring for fecal indicators or failure to conduct compliance monitoring.

       Information regarding this new rule is on  pages 13, 15, 20-22, and 59-51 of this
       document.

   •   LCR Revisions: Beginning with the report due July 1, 2009, systems whose states
       adopted the LCR Revisions before January 1, 2009, must include a statement about lead
       in every report released to the public. For systems whose states have not adopted the
       revisions by January 1, 2009, the lead information statement must be included in reports
       due by July 1,2010.

       Information regarding these modifications is on page 25 of this document.

This document includes recommendations for improving the effectiveness of your CCR,
examples of reporting formats, and completed CCRs. Additional information for completing
your CCR is available on the EPA Web site at: www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/index.html. You can
find specific information about:

   •   Appendix A to Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part  141, Subpart O
       (referred to as Appendix A to Subpart O in the remainder of this document) which lists
       contaminants, their MCLs in traditional MCL units, conversion factors for converting
       traditional MCL units to the more easily understood MCLs in CCR units, maximum
       contaminant level goals (MCLGs), major sources of contaminants, and health effects
       language (located on EPA's Web site at www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html and
       in Appendix F of this guidance document).

   •   The list of unregulated contaminants applicable for monitoring during 2008 through 2010
       under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (located on EPA's Web site at
       www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html).
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                3                                   April 2010

-------
I. What is a consumer confidence  report?

In 1996, Congress amended the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Among other things, this
amendment added a provision requiring that all community water systems deliver to their
customers a brief water quality report annually. These CCRs summarize information that your
water system already collects to comply with regulations. The CCR Rule does not require you to
engage in any new monitoring to complete your CCR.

The CCR includes information on your source water, the levels of any detected contaminants,
compliance with drinking water rules (including monitoring requirements), and some educational
language. Most reports will fit on a few sheets of paper. A report that contains too much
information or is full of technical jargon can discourage consumers from learning about their
drinking water. Beyond a mandatory requirement, a CCR is an opportunity to communicate the
value of water (both as a product and as a service), to promote wise use, to build community trust
and customer  satisfaction, and to encourage investment in resource protection and infrastructure
(AwwaRF, 2008).


II. Who must prepare a consumer  confidence report?

Every community water system (serving at least 15 service connections and/or 25 people year
round) must prepare and distribute a report. These systems typically include cities, towns,
homeowners associations, residential subdivisions, manufactured housing communities, and
other institutions where people live full-time such as nursing homes and prisons.

A system may contract with a laboratory to provide monitoring data analysis or CCR
development assistance. If the system chooses to use  a laboratory to assist with the development
of the CCR, the system must work with the laboratory to make sure that all of the required
elements are included in the CCR.  Otherwise, a system may need to add the missing elements.
Regardless of whether the laboratory or system prepares the CCR, the system is ultimately
responsible for the content and must always distribute the CCR to its customers.

Wholesale systems (drinking water systems that sell water to one or more systems) are not
responsible for creating a CCR for their consecutive systems (systems that purchase water from
the wholesale  system), nor are they responsible for providing data on contaminants that the
consecutive system monitors (such as total coliforms, lead, or TTHMs). However, wholesale
systems are responsible for providing the consecutive system with relevant source information
and monitoring and compliance data so that the consecutive system can include this information
in their CCR.  In some cases, a consecutive system will contract with the wholesale system to
produce the report. There are several options in this relationship. If the consecutive system had
no new data to add, it could simply send out the wholesale system's CCR with a cover letter
explaining their relationship. If the consecutive system did need to add data, it might choose to
reprint the wholesaler system's CCR with a new title/letterhead and the additional data. Either of
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               4                                 April 2010

-------
these options is acceptable. Regardless of who produces the report, the consecutive system is still
responsible for ensuring that its customers receive a report containing all required content.


III. When must a water system distribute its  report?

You must deliver your annual report to consumers by July 1 of each year. The reports are based
on calendar-year data, so your report will include data collected between January and December
of the previous calendar year.  For example, data collected between January and December 2010
must be reported in the 2010 CCR, which is due to customers by July 1, 2011. A new community
water system must deliver its first report by July 1 of the year after its first full calendar year in
operation, and annually thereafter.

A wholesale system must provide the consecutive system with monitoring data and other
information by April 1 of each year unless the two systems make a different contractual
agreement. This gives the consecutive system enough time to prepare their CCR before the
deadline of July 1.


IV. What content  is  required in the report?

This guidance describes EPA's requirements for a CCR (using the words "must" and "shall")
and suggestions (using the words "encourage," "should,"  and "may") that will help your
customers understand the report. Your state's CCR Rule may require more information, so be
sure to check with your state drinking water program or other relevant state or local authorities.

EPA encourages you to tailor  the content of your CCR to local conditions. If you think that an
added picture or graph would  help your customers to understand your report, add it. If your
customers would benefit from an explanation of your need for new treatment facilities, tell them.
Provide information to your consumers in a way that they understand. For example, when
discussing units of measure, explain it in terms that a consumer may understand: if an Olympic-
sized swimming pool were filled with ping-pong balls, a ppb would be equivalent to one ping
ball in that pool. As long as any additional educational information is consistent with, and not
detracting from, the purpose of the report, you may add it. For example, the CCR Rule does not
require a title for your report. However, you should give your report a title to catch the
customer's attention. You may call the report a "Consumer Confidence Report," a "Water
Quality Report," or choose another title.

Customers are most interested in a clear statement of whether or not their drinking water meets
all EPA and state standards. Although it is not required by the regulations, you will help your
customers if you tell them whether their water met all drinking water standards. Be cautious in
using the word "safe" since water that meets standards and is safe for most people might not be
safe for infants, chemotherapy patients, or people with HIV/AIDS. Also, using the term "safe" if
you have had an MCL or action level (AL) exceedance can be misleading to the customer.

Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               5                                  April 2010

-------
     EXAMPLE-Last year, as in years past, your tap water met all EPA and state drinking water
     health standards. Local Water vigilantly safeguards its water supplies and once again, we
     are proud to report that our system has never violated a maximum contaminant level or any
     other water quality standard, [or, if you had a violation, begin with: Last year, we conducted
     more than	tests for over 80 contaminants. We only detected	of those contaminants, and
     found only	at a level higher than EPA allows. As we told you  at the time,  our water
     temporarily exceeded drinking water standards. For more information, see the paragraph
     marked Violation  on  the back] This brochure is a snapshot of last year's water quality.
     Included are details about where your water comes from, what it contains, and how it
     compares to  EPA and state standards.  We are committed to  providing you with this
     information because informed customers are our best allies.
Examples of CCRs are included in Appendix E of this document.

Research conducted by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF,
2004) described three important phases in facilitating customer understanding of the information
in a CCR:

   •   Initial Sort: Customers are less likely to discard the CCR as "junk mail" if it looks
       professional, distinct, and prominently displays the utility's name. However, glossy full-
       color reports are not necessary.

   •   Skimming: For the reader who chooses to skim the document, important and concise
       messages about water quality that are prominently displayed will attract attention.
       However, statements about the safety of water should not be over-stated, and  specific
       warnings regarding health risks for sensitive sub-populations must be included. The use
       of color will draw attention and can be used to guide the reader through the CCR. Maps,
       simple tables, and photographs present information quickly and effectively.

   •   Reading: If the above challenges are addressed, a customer will hopefully choose to read
       the entire CCR. The document should not be designed to persuade the reader, it should
       inform the reader. A brief table of contents at the very beginning will help to guide the
       reader. Contaminant tables should be simple and should not require special  instructions.
       The use of large fonts in an uncrowded format is desirable. Discussions regarding
       detected contaminants are helpful and should promote credibility.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                6                                    April 2010

-------
Eight basic items must be included in all CCRs. They are:
                                    Basic CCR Requirements
Item 1: Required Information about the Water
System
 •   Name/phone number of contact person
 •   Information on public participation opportunities
 •   Information for non-English speaking populations,
     if applicable
Item 5: Information on Monitoring for
Cryptosporidium, Radon, and Other Contaminants
 •   Warning for vulnerable populations about
     Cryptosporidium, if detected
 •   Explanation of radon and its presence in the
     finished water, if detected
 •   Explanation of unregulated contaminants and their
     presence in drinking water, if detected
Item 2: Source(s) of Water
 •   Type, name, and general location of water sources
 •   Availability of source water assessment
 •   Information on significant sources of
     contamination, if available
Item 6: Compliance with Other Drinking Water
Regulations
 •   Explanation of violations, potential health effects,
     and steps taken to correct the violations
 •   Special notices for GWR
Item 3: Definitions (specific language)
 •   MCL
 •   MCLG
 •   Others as needed
Item 7: Variances and Exemptions
 •   Explanation of variance/exemption, if applicable
Item 4: Reported Levels of Detected Contaminants
 •   Table summarizing data on detected regulated &
     unregulated contaminants
 •   Known or likely source of each detected
     contaminant
 •   Health effects language and explanation for any
     violations or exceedances
Item 8: Required Educational Information (specific
language)
 •   Explanation regarding contaminants that may
     reasonably be expected to be found in drinking
     water, including bottled water
 •   Information to customers that some people may be
     more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water
 •   Explanation of contaminants and their presence in
     drinking water, if detected
 •   Informational statements on arsenic and nitrate, if
     necessary, and lead, always required
Each item is discussed in detail below.
Item 1: Required Information  about the Water System	
You must provide the following information about your water system:
        The name and telephone number of a person at the water system who can answer
        questions about the report.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                                       April 2010

-------
   •   A list of known opportunities for public participation in decisions that affect drinking
       water quality (e.g., time and place of regularly scheduled water board or city/county
       council meetings). If you do not have regularly scheduled meetings, you should tell
       customers how to get information when meetings are announced.

Systems that have a large proportion of non-English speaking residents must include
information in the appropriate language(s) expressing the importance of the CCR or the CCR
must contain a phone number or address where residents may contact your system to obtain a
translated copy of the CCR or assistance in the appropriate language. The state or EPA will make
the determination of which systems need to  include this information.

Translations of the following text are provided in Appendix A of this document:
      "This report contains important information about your drinking water. Have someone
      translate it for you, or speak with someone who understands it. "
Item 2: Source(s) of Water
Describe your water source(s) (ground water, surface water, or a blend) including the commonly
used name(s) (if such a name exists), and the general location(s). EPA encourages you to provide
a simple map of your system's sources without a detailed description of their locations for
security reasons.

For some more complicated systems, explaining your various interconnections and back-up
sources may be  difficult, but it is important that consumers understand that the source of their
water may vary  during the year. Remember to include in your table of detected contaminants
(Item 4) monitoring data for any "additional" sources if you use water from them. If your
situation is complex, you may need to describe the types of sources and how they are used.

If a source water assessment has been completed, you should have a copy of it. Let customers
know how to obtain the results of the assessment. In addition, include in the CCR a brief
summary of your source water's susceptibility to contamination based on the findings of the
assessment.

In cases where the information is available, EPA encourages you to highlight potential
significant sources of contamination in the source water area. Including this information in the
CCR is an opportunity for you to provide customers with an explanation for why a contaminant
is present in the source water.

EPA also encourages public water  suppliers to use the CCR as a way to discuss appropriate
source water protection actions that are in the planning stages or are already in place.  This
discussion is an ideal opportunity to invite public participation in locally based source water
protection efforts as well. Systems  may also wish to provide tips for consumers in the CCR on

Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               8                                   April 2010

-------
ways they can protect the source water Remember, this is your opportunity to educate your
customers about the impacts they and others have on the quality of source water.

Examples of how to include the source water assessment information and source water
protection tips in your CCR are available in Appendix D, Tables D-2 and D-3 of this document.


Item 3: Definitions	

Every CCR must include definitions of key terms that consumers will need to understand the
contaminant data. You must use the definitions listed below.

   •   Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is
       allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best
       available treatment technology.

   •   Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking
       water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a
       margin of safety.

Include the following definition only if your water system  operated under a variance  or
exemption during the calendar year that the CCR describes:

   •   Variances and Exemptions: State or EPA permission not to meet an MCL or a
       treatment technique under certain conditions.

Include the following definitions only if your CCR requires the use of these terms:

   •   Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to reduce the level of a
       contaminant in drinking water.

   •   Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers
       treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.

   •   Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant
       allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is
       necessary for control of microbial contaminants.

   •   Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water
       disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not
       reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contamination.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               9                                  April 2010

-------
Item 4: Reporting Levels of Detected Contaminants	

An essential part of the CCR is the table that shows the highest level of each detected
contaminant (this is usually the value you report to the state to determine compliance) and the
range of levels of that contaminant you found during the CCR calendar year (assuming more
than one sample was collected). A detected contaminant is any "regulated" or "unregulated" (as
required under 40 CFR 141.40) contaminant detected at or above its method detection limit
(MDL).

See the EPA Web site at www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html for a list of contaminants
and MDLs. Do not include in the table, contaminants that are not detected or are detected
below the MDL. Your state may have lower MDLs that take precedence over EPA's. If you are
unsure of the MDL for a contaminant,  and your laboratory reports a value greater than zero,
include that in your CCR.

The main table of detected contaminants must contain only data about regulated contaminants
(contaminants subject to an MCL, MRDL, TT, or AL), and unregulated contaminants for which
EPA or the state requires monitoring under 40 CFR 141.40. See Item 5 for special instructions
about Cryptosporidium and radon. You may make several tables to separate regulated
contaminants  from  those that do not have MCLs (such as lead and copper or turbidity), or those
that are currently unregulated. You may want to organize your table(s) by contaminant type (e.g.,
microbial, inorganic) or sampling site (e.g., treatment plant, distribution system). Appendix B  of
this document provides examples for interpreting and reporting detected contaminants in your
CCR.

To ensure that consumers can easily compare detected contaminant levels to their MCLs, your
table must display the MCL for each contaminant in units that express it as a number greater than
1.0. Report the MCLG and level of the detected contaminant in the same units as the MCL. For
example, atrazine is usually reported in parts per million (ppm) [or milligrams per liters (mg/L)].
It is easier for customers to see that your water contains atrazine  at a level 10 times lower than
the MCL if you report the MCL as 3 parts per billion (ppb) and the detected level as 0.3 ppb than
if you were to report the MCL as 0.003 ppm and the detected level as 0.0003 ppm. In this case,
you convert by multiplying the detected level and MCL by 1000. Appendix A to Subpart O
(available on the EPA Web site at www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html and in Appendix
F of this document) includes conversion factors for each contaminant for converting the MCL to
a number equal to or greater than 1.0. When you round results to determine compliance, round
before multiplying the  results by the factor listed in the table. If the MCL units for a contaminant
are already expressed in a number greater than 1.0 (e.g., the MCL for barium is 2  ppm), there is
no conversion factor to apply to the MCL or detected contaminant level.

Report any additional monitoring data (i.e., voluntary monitoring data) in another section of the
CCR, separated from the detected contaminant data. If you want to list all the contaminants that
you monitored for but did not detect, you must do so outside of the table of detected


Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                10                                  April 2010

-------
contaminants. If you choose to report on secondary MCLs, or if your state requires this reporting,
do so outside of the main table.

The CCR includes data from monitoring completed during the previous calendar year. However,
if you have monitoring waivers, or for another reason monitor less than once per year, use your
most recent data even though it is outside of the calendar year. For example, if you monitor once
every three years for lindane and detect lindane in a sample, report the same detection level each
of the three years until you take a new sample. In addition, you do not need to report monitoring
results that are more than 5 years old.

If the CCR contains detection data that is not from the calendar year indicated, the table must
show the date of monitoring and the CCR must contain a brief statement explaining that the data
presented is from the most recent monitoring done in compliance with regulations.
     EXAMPLE-The state allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than once per year
     because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently. Some of our
     data, though representative, are more than one year old.
THE TABLE MUST CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING, FOR EACH DETECTED
CONTAMINANT:

1) If the contaminant is regulated by a MCL or MRDL:

   a)  The MCL or MRDL, expressed as a number equal to or greater than 1.0.

   b)  The MCLG or MRDLG, expressed in the same units as the MCL or MRDL.

   c)  The level of that contaminant expressed in the same units as the MCL and MCLG or
       MRDL and MRDLG.

2) If the contaminant is regulated by a treatment technique (TT):

   a)  Put the letters "TT" in place of the MCL.

   b)  Put "N/A"  (not applicable) in place of the MCLG when no MCLG is listed in Appendix
       A to Subpart O (available on the EPA Web site at
       www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html and in Appendix F of this document).

3) If the contaminant is regulated as an action level (AL):

   a)  The AL expressed as a number equal to or greater  than 1.0.

   b)  The MCLG expressed in the same units as the AL  for copper and zero for lead.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               11                                  April 2010

-------
4) If the contaminant is unregulated:

   a)  The average level of that contaminant and the range of results.

5) The level of the contaminant must be represented as follows:

   a)  If compliance is determined based on annual or less frequent sampling (many inorganic
       chemical contaminants), include the highest detected level at any sampling point and the
       range of detected levels, if applicable (example table provided in Appendix B).

   b)  If compliance is determined based on a running annual average of all the samples taken
       from a sampling point (i.e., contaminants monitored more frequently than annual),
       include the highest average as reported to the state for compliance purposes and the range
       of detected levels. As stated above, a detected contaminant is any regulated or
       unregulated contaminant (as required under 40 CFR 141.40) detected at or above its
       MDL.

   c)  For TTHM  and HAAS samples:

       -  If compliance is determined based on a system-wide running annual average [under
          the Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR)], include
          the system-wide average and the detected range for the system (example table
          provided in Appendix B).

       -  If compliance is determined based on a locational running annual average (under the
          Stage 2 DBPR), include the highest locational running annual average for TTHM and
          HAAS and the range of individual samples results for all monitoring locations. If
          more than one monitoring location exceeds the  TTHM or HAAS MCL, include the
          locational  running annual averages for all locations that exceed the MCL (example
          table provided in Appendix B).

       -  If you conducted sampling for the Initial Distribution System Evaluation (IDSE)
          under the Stage 2 DBPR, during the calendar years that the water system collected
          samples for the IDSE, systems must include IDSE sample results when reporting the
          range of TTHM and HAAS but not the average.

   d)  For turbidity:

       -  For turbidity regulated as a MCL for systems that must install filtration but have not
          (40 CFR 141.13), include the highest monthly average.

       -  For turbidity regulated as a TT for systems that have met criteria for avoiding
          filtration (40 CFR 141.71), include the highest single measurement found in any
          month. You should explain the reasons for measuring turbidity.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               12                                  April 2010

-------
              EXAMPLE-Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water. We monitor it
              because it is a good indicator of water quality. High turbidity can hinder the
              effectiveness of disinfectants.
          For turbidity regulated as a TT for systems that filter, include the highest single
          measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the turbidity
          limits specified in 40 CFR 141.73, §141.173, or §141.551 for the relevant filtration
          technology (example table provided in Appendix B). You should also explain the
          reasons for measuring turbidity.
              EXAMPLE-Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water. We monitor it
              because it is a good indicator of the effectiveness of our filtration system.
    e)  For lead and/or copper:

       -  Include the 90th percentile value from the most recent sampling (if it is a number
          greater than zero) and the number of sites that exceeded the action level (do not report
          related water quality parameter data) (example table provided in Appendix B).

    f)  For total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli under the Total Coliform Rule (TCR):

       -  For systems that collect fewer than 40 samples per month, include the highest number
          of positive samples collected in any one month (example table provided in Appendix
          B).

       -  For systems that collect 40 or more samples per month, include the highest
          percentage of positive samples collected in any one month (example table provided in
          Appendix B).

       -  For fecal coliforms and E. coli, include the number of positive samples collected that
          year.

    g)  For fecal indicator-positive source samples under the GWR:

       -  For E.  coli, list the MCL and MCLG as zero.

       -  For enterococci or coliphage, list "TT" in the column for MCL and "N/A" in the
          column for MCLG.

       -  For all fecal indicator-positive ground water source samples (E. coli, enterococci, or
          coliphage), include the total number of positive samples for the year and special
          notice  language provided in the table  or elsewhere  in the CCR. Refer to Item 6 for
          more information on special notice language requirements for fecal indicator-positive
          ground water source samples.

Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               13                                   April 2010

-------
    h)  In addition to detected contaminants, the CCR Rule requires that all violations of
       treatment techniques be reported in a detected contaminant table(s). TT violations are
       listed below and are organized by rule (refer to Item 6 for specific information about
       failure to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes or a failure of
       those processes, violations associated with acrylamide and epichlorohydrin, and
       violations associated with LCR).

       -   Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)

           •   Failure to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes.

           •   Failure of the filtration or disinfection equipment or process.

              TT violation associated with acrylamide and epichlorohydrin.

              Failure to have redundant components for disinfection.

           •   Failure to maintain a distribution system disinfectant residual.

           •   Failure to maintain at least 0.2 ppm disinfectant residual at the entry point  for
              more than 4 hours.

              Failure to meet inactivation requirements at the treatment plant (CT value).

           •   Failure to meet watershed control program requirements.

       -   Filter Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR)

              Failure to return recycle flows through the processes of the existing filtration
              system or to an alternate state-approved location (conventional and direct
              filtration systems only).

       -   LT2ESWTR

              Failure to cover an uncovered finished water reservoir, provide treatment of the
              reservoir's discharge, or be in compliance with a state-approved schedule to cover
              the reservoir(s) or treat the reservoir(s) discharge by April 1, 2009.

           •   Filtered systems

              •   Failure to determine and report bin classification.

              •   Failure to provide or install an additional level of treatment using a microbial
                  toolbox option by the required date.

              •   Failure to achieve required treatment credit to meet the bin classification
                  requirements using a microbial toolbox option.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                14                                    April 2010

-------
              Unfiltered systems

              •   Failure to calculate and report mean Cryptosporidium level.

              •   Failure to install a second disinfectant to treat for Cryptosporidium by
                 required date.

              •   Failure to achieve required inactivation level by required date.

              •   Failure to maintain required inactivation level based on mean
                 Cryptosporidium results.
       -  LCR
              Failure to meet corrosion control treatment, source water treatment, lead service
              line replacement, or public education requirements.
       -   Stage 1 DBPR
           •   Failure to remove required amount of total organic carbon (TOC) [disinfection
              byproduct precursor (DBPP)] (conventional filtration systems only).

       -   GWR

              Failure to maintain at least 4-log treatment of viruses for ground water systems
              that are required to treat.

           •   Failure to take corrective action, if necessary based on a fecal indicator-positive
              sample.

              Failure to take corrective action, if necessary based on a significant deficiency.

       EPA recommends that systems include TT violations listed in (h) above in a table
       adjacent to the main detected contaminant table. The table must include an explanation of
       the violation, the length of the violation, any potential adverse health effects, and steps
       taken to correct the violation. The following is an example (see Appendix B  for
       additional examples).
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               15                                   April 2010

-------
TT Violation



Failed to
maintain 4-log
treatment of
viruses





Explanation
On January 10,2011,
state inspection of our

water system identified
a malfunctioning
chlorine pump. As a
result, the water from
one of our wells (Well

1) was not adequately
disinfected for 2 weeks.


Length



2 Weeks






Steps Taken to Correct the
Violation
As directed by the Department
of Public Health, we took
immediate action to resolve this

problem by repairing the
malfunctioning chlorine pump.
Regular testing since the pump
was repaired has demonstrated
that we are once again

providing water that meets the
state's standards for

disinfection to our customers.
Health Effects
Language
Inadequately treated or
inadequately protected
water may contain
disease-causing
organisms. These
organisms can cause
symptoms such as
diarrhea, nausea,
cramps, and associated

headaches.

   i)  If you detect beta particles in your water at or below 50 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), you
       should report the detected level in pCi/L. So that consumers may have a standard against
       which to compare that detected level, you should include "50 pCi/L*" in the MCL
       column (rather than the actual MCL of 4 mrem/year) and include a footnote to the table
       that says, "*EPA considers 50 pCi/L to be the level of concern for beta particles." If you
       detect beta particles above 50 pCi/L, you must determine the actual radioactive
       constituents present in the water to calculate the dose exposure level in mrem/year, and
       must report both the detected level and MCL as mrem/year (example table provided in
       Appendix B).

   j)  The likely source of the contaminant, to the best of your knowledge. If the source of
       contamination is known, the CCR should identify a specific point source,  such as "Al's
       chicken  houses" or the "Super-shiny Paper Mill." If you lack reliable information on the
       specific  source of a contaminant, include one or more of the typical sources listed in the
       table in Appendix A to Subpart O (available on the EPA Web site at
       www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html and in Appendix F of this document) that is
       most applicable to your situation.

   k)  Clear highlighting of any contaminant detected in violation of a MCL, MRDL or TT, or
       exceeding an AL. This indication could, for example, take the form of a different color
       type, a larger or bolder font, or a large star. Near, but not in the table, include an
       explanation of the length of the violation/exceedance, the potential adverse health effects,
       and actions you took to address the violation/exceedance. Refer to the table in Appendix
       A to Subpart O (available on the EPA Web site at
       www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html and in Appendix F of this document) for
       health effects language.

   1)  The average  of all of the year's monitoring results and the range of detections for any
       detected unregulated contaminants for which state or federal rules require monitoring (40
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
16
April 2010

-------
       CFR 141.40). The list of unregulated contaminants applicable for monitoring during 2008
       through 2010 under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule is located on the EPA
       Web site at www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html.

       -  You may wish to explain the reasons for unregulated contaminant monitoring with a
          statement such as:
     EXAMPLE-Unregulated contaminant monitoring helps EPA to determine where certain
     contaminants occur and whether the Agency should consider regulating those contaminants
     in the future.
Multiple Distribution Systems

If your system supplies water through two or more distribution systems that are not physically
interconnected and that are fed by different raw water sources, you must issue a CCR that
includes information on the source water, the levels of any detected contaminants, and
compliance with drinking water rules for all distribution systems. You may issue one or multiple
reports to your customers. If you issue one report, make sure to include a separate column of
detection data for each service area in the main table of detected contaminants.

Including Tier 3 Public Notices in CCRs

If you are required to provide Tier 3 public notice for a monitoring violation or other type of
violation or situation, you may consider including the notice in your CCR. If you use the CCR
for public notification, make sure you meet the content requirements under the Public
Notification Rule. Also, remember that the timing and delivery requirements for CCRs differ
from those for public notices. Be careful to adhere to the Public Notification requirement that
Tier 3 public notice be completed no later than 12 months from the date the violation or situation
occurred. To minimize the timing conflict, you can publish the CCR early-as soon after the end
of the calendar year as possible; or mail a  separate public notice for the violations occurring in
January through June of the current year in the same envelope as your CCR covering the
previous calendar year's violations.


Item 5: Information on Monitoring for Cryptosporidium, Radon, and
Other Contaminants	

Reporting on  Cryptosporidium

If your system has performed monitoring that indicates the presence of Cryptosporidium in either
its source water or its finished water, you must include the detected results in your CCR. It is
recommended that you distinguish whether the data are linked to samples collected at the source
or samples collected in the finished water by putting the results on different lines in the table. If

Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR              17                                  April 2010

-------
the results of your monitoring indicated the presence of Cryptosporidium, you must include the
following information separate from the detected contaminant table:

    •   A summary of the results of the monitoring. You may choose whether or not to report the
       actual analytical results as a part of this summary.

    •   An explanation of the significance of the results. Tell customers if they need to be
       concerned by the information that the CCR provides.
      EXAMPLE-Cryptosporidium is a microbial pathogen found in surface water throughout the
      U.S. Although filtration  removes Cryptosporidium,  the most commonly-used filtration
      methods cannot guarantee 100 percent removal Our monitoring indicates the presence of
      these organisms in our source water and/or finished water. Current test methods do  not
      allow us to determine if the organisms are dead or if they are capable of causing disease.
      Ingestion of Cryptosporidium may cause  cryptosporidiosis,  an abdominal infection.
      Symptoms of infection  include nausea,  diarrhea, and abdominal  cramps. Most healthy
      individuals can overcome the disease within a few weeks. However, immuno-compromised
      people,  infants and small children, and the  elderly are at greater risk of developing life-
      threatening illness. We encourage immuno-compromised individuals to consult their doctor
      regarding appropriate precautions to take  to  avoid infection.  Cryptosporidium must be
      ingested to cause disease, and it may be spread through means other than drinking water.
Reporting on Radon

If your system has performed monitoring that indicates the presence of radon in its finished
water, you must include in your CCR:

       The results of monitoring (the analytical values reported by the laboratory).

    •   An explanation of the significance of the results. Tell customers if they need to be
       concerned by the information that the CCR provides.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                18                                    April 2010

-------
     EXAMPLE—Radon is a radioactive gas that you cannot see, taste, or smell. It is found
     throughout the U.S. Radon can move up through the ground and into a home through cracks
     and holes in the foundation. Radon can build up to high levels in all types of homes. Radon
     can also get into indoor air when released from tap water from showering, washing dishes,
     and other household activities. Compared to radon entering the home through soil, radon
     entering the home through tap water will in most cases be a small source of radon in indoor
     air. Radon is a known human carcinogen. Breathing air containing radon can lead to lung
     cancer. Drinking water containing radon may also cause increased risk of stomach cancer.
     If you are concerned about radon in your home, test the  air in your home. Testing is
     inexpensive and easy. (You should pursue radon removal for your home if the level of radon
     in your air is 4 picocuries per liter of air (pd/L) or higher. There are simple ways to fix a
     radon problem that are not too  costly. For additional information,  call your state radon
     program or call EPA 's Radon Hotline (800-SOS-RADON).
Reporting on Additional Monitoring

If your system has performed voluntary monitoring that indicates the presence of contaminants
that you were not required to monitor for in your finished water, EPA strongly encourages you to
report any results that may indicate a health concern. Public knowledge of potential problems is
in your interest as well as your customers'. EPA considers any detection above a proposed MCL
or health advisory level to indicate concern. Call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or visit EPA's
Web site for this information. For these contaminants, EPA recommends that the CCR contain:

   •   The results of monitoring.

   •   An explanation of the significance of the results, noting the existence of the health
       advisory or proposed MCL.

Item 6: Compliance with Other Drinking Water Regulations	

National Primary Drinking Water  Regulation (NPDWR) Violations

If your water system violated one of the following requirements during the year covered by your
CCR, you must describe the violation(s) in your CCR. Just as you must explain the potential
health effects of any MCL violation, you must provide a clear and readily understandable
explanation of any other violation, potential adverse health effects (if any), and the steps the
system has taken to  correct the violation.  For health effects language, refer to the table in
Appendix A to Subpart O on EPA's Web site at www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html or
in Appendix F of this document.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                19                                   April 2010

-------
1)  Treatment techni que s.

    •   Filtration and disinfection requirements contained in the SWTR. If the violation was a
       failure to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes, or there was a
       failure of that equipment or process, include the following language:
     Inadequately  treated water may  contain disease-causing  organisms. These organisms
     include bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
     diarrhea, and associated headaches.
    •   Lead and copper control requirements. If the violation was a failure to meet corrosion
       control treatment, source water treatment, or lead service line requirements, include the
       health effects language for lead or copper from Appendix A to Subpart O.

    •   Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin. If you violate either treatment technique, you must
       include the relevant health effects language from Appendix A to Subpart O.

    Note: EPA recommends that systems include TT violations listed here in a table adjacent to
    the main detected contaminant table. See Item 4 for more discussion on presenting TT
    violations.

2)  Monitoring and reporting of compliance data. If your system failed to take a sample on time
    (i.e., failure to monitor), the CCR should say "health effects unknown." If your system took
    the samples accurately and on time, but mailed the results late, you do not need to discuss
    health effects.

3)  Record keeping requirements.

4)  Special monitoring requirements.

5)  Violation of a variance, an exemption, or an administrative or judicial order.

Special Notice for Systems Required to Comply with the GWR

The GWR requires that you provide special notice in their CCRs for the following two
situations:
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                20                                   April 2010

-------
      Special Notice for Uncorrected Significant Deficiencies1

      If you are a ground water system that receives notice from the state of a significant
      deficiency, you must inform your customers of any significant deficiencies that are not
      corrected by December 31 of the year covered by your CCR. The CCR must include the
      following information:

      •  The nature of the significant deficiency and the date it was identified by the state.

      •  The state-approved plan and schedule for correction, including interim measures,
         progress to date, and any interim measures completed.

      You must continue to inform your customers annually until the state determines the
      significant deficiency is corrected.

      Note: The state may also require you to include in your CCR significant deficiencies that
      were corrected by the end of the calendar year. If you are directed by your state to do this,
      you must inform your customers of the significant deficiency, how it was corrected, and
      the date it was corrected in that year's CCR.

      Special Notice for a Fecal Indicator-Positive Ground Water Source Sample

      If you are a ground water system that receives notice from a laboratory of a fecal
      indicator-positive ground water source sample and the sample is not invalidated by the
      state, you must inform your customers in the next CCR. The CCR must include the
      following information for a fecal indicator-positive ground water source sample:

      •  The source of the fecal contamination (if it is known) and the date(s) of the fecal
         indicator-positive source sample.

      •  If the fecal contamination has been addressed as prescribed by the requirements of the
         GWR and the date the contamination was addressed.

      •  For fecal contamination that has not been addressed, the state-approved plan and
         schedule for correction, including interim measures, progress to date, and any interim
         measures completed.
1 Significant Deficiency: A deficiency that may cause, or have the potential to cause the introduction of
contamination into finished water. An example of a significant deficiency is an unscreened vent on a storage tank
that uncorrected may allow water, dirt, waste or other contaminants to enter the tank.	
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               21                                   April 2010

-------
      •  The health effects language for fecal indicators. Refer to Appendix A to Subpart O of
         the Rule for health effects language (available on the EPA Web site at
         www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html or in Appendix F of this document).

      Since fecal indicator-positive ground water source samples must be included in the
      detected contaminant table, this special notice language can be included below the table or
      elsewhere in the report. Appendix B of this guidance contains an example on how to
      present fecal indicator-positive ground water source samples  and the special notice text in
      aCCR.

      You must continue to inform customers annually until the fecal contamination in the
      ground water  source is addressed as prescribed by the requirements of the GWR.


Item 7: Variances and Exemptions	

If your system operated under a variance or exemption at any time during the year covered by
the CCR, include an explanation of the justification for the variance or exemption, the date that it
was issued, when it is up for renewal, and a status report on what the system is doing to remedy
the problem. Also, tell your customers how they may participate in the review or renewal of the
variance or exemption.


Item 8: Required Educational  Information	

Every CCR must contain certain educational information, prominently displayed somewhere in
the report.

The following statement is a brief explanation regarding contaminants that may reasonably be
expected to be found in drinking water, including bottled water.
     Drinking water,  including bottled water,  may reasonably be expected to contain at least
     small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily
     indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential
     health effects can be obtained by calling the EPA 's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-
     4791).
The next statement informs customers that some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants
in drinking water than the general population and encourages those who may be particularly at
risk from infection to seek advice from their health care provider.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               22                                  April 2010

-------
      Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general
      population. Immuno-compromised persons  such as  persons  with  cancer undergoing
      chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with  HIV/AIDS or
      other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from
      infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care
      providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on  appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by
      Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking
      Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791).
Your CCR must contain basic information about drinking water contaminants. Use the following
language, or you may write your own comparable language that better fits your specific local
situation:
     The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes,
     streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the
     land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and, in some
     cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of
     animals or from human activity.

     Contaminants that may be present in source water include:

        •   Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from
            sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations,  and
            wildlife.

        •   Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-
            occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic
            wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.

        •   Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as
            agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.

        •   Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic
            chemicals, which are byproducts of industrial processes and petroleum
            production, andean also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff,
            and septic systems.

        •   Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or be the result
            of oil and gas production and mining activities.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               23                                   April 2010

-------
     In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations which
     limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems.
     Food and Drug Administration regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled
     water which must provide the same protection for public health.
Special Requirements for Nitrate, Arsenic, and Lead

You must include in your CCR the relevant special educational statement for nitrate, arsenic, and
lead in the specified situations. If you would like to write your own educational statement or alter
the statement provided in the regulations, you must consult with your state.

    •   Nitrate: Systems with nitrate above 5 ppm (50 percent of the MCL), but below 10 ppm
       (the MCL) must include the following statement:
      Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six
      months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate
      levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity.
      If you are caring for an infant, you should ask for advice from your health care provider.
       Arsenic: Systems with arsenic above 5 ppb (50 percent of the MCL), but at or below 10
       ppb (the MCL) must include the following statement:
      While your drinking water meets EPA 's standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of
      arsenic. EPA 's standard balances the current understanding of arsenic's possible health
      effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. EPA continues to research
      the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to cause cancer in
      humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and
      circulatory problems.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                24                                    April 2010

-------
       Lead: All systems must include the following informational statement:
     If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant
     women  and young  children. Lead in  drinking water is primarily from materials and
     components associated with service lines and home plumbing. [NAME OF UTILITY] is
     responsible for providing high quality  drinking water, but cannot control the variety of
     materials used in plumbing components.  When your water has been sitting for several hours,
     you can  minimize  the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2
     minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your
     water, you may wish to have your water tested.  Information on lead in drinking water,
     testing methods, and steps you can take to  minimize exposure is available from  the Safe
     Drinking Water Hotline or at www. epa. gov/safewater/lead.
Other Educational Information

You are not limited to providing only the required information in your CCR. You may want to
include:

    •   An explanation (or include a diagram of) your system's treatment processes.

    •   Source water protection tips (refer to Appendix D, Table D-3 for example language
       regarding source water protection tips).

    •   Water and energy conservation tips (refer to Appendix D, Table D-3 for example
       language regarding water conservation tips).

    •   The cost of making the water safe to drink including the cost of sustaining the
       infrastructure.

    •   Efforts your system has made to promote "green infrastructure" (e.g., stormwater
       pollution prevention measures).

    •   A statement from the mayor or general manager.

    •   Information to educate customers about: taste and odor issues, affiliations with programs
       such as the Partnership for Safe Water, opportunities for public participation, etc.

You may want to provide the address for EPA's drinking water Web site
(www.epa.gov/safewater). The only limitation on this information is that it must not interfere
with the educational purpose of the CCR.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               25                                    April 2010

-------
V. What should the CCR look like?

You do not need a fancy computer or a graphic designer to produce a CCR that is easy to read
and inviting to your customers. The best way to design your CCR is to spend some time looking
at other CCRs. See what catches your eye, and copy it. A few things to consider:

   •  Limit wordiness - write short sentences and keep your paragraphs short as well.

   •  Do not make your text size too small. You might want to squeeze a few extra sentences in
      your CCR, but if you add too much, people might ignore the entire report.

      Give a draft of your CCR to relatives or friends who are not drinking water experts and
      ask them if it makes  sense. Ask customers for their comments when you publish the
      CCR.

   •  Do not distract from  your main message with graphics and/or pictures that do not
      complement your message.

   •  Be as simple, truthful, and straight forward as possible. Avoid acronyms, initials, and
      jargon.

   •  Consider printing the CCR on recycled paper and taking other steps to make the CCR
      "environmentally friendly." If you hope to get your customers involved in protecting
      source water, set a good example for them.

   •  Use the CCR as an opportunity to tell your customers about all of the things that you are
      doing well.


VI. How must the CCR be distributed?

You must mail or deliver a copy of your CCR to each of your customers, and make a good faith
effort to get CCRs to non-bill-paying consumers. Deliver your CCR by July 1 of each year. You
may include your CCR with water bills, if feasible,  or you may send it as a separate mailer.
Sending your CCR as a separate mailer will  likely be more effective, and you will reach renters
who may not receive water bills directly.

Send a copy to the director of the state drinking water program and any other state agency that
the state drinking water program director identifies when you mail it to customers. Within three
months of the CCR's due date, submit to the state a certification (see Appendix C) that you
distributed the CCR, and that its information is correct and consistent with the compliance
monitoring data previously submitted to the  state. EPA also encourages you to send copies to
state and local health departments, as well as local TV and radio stations and newspapers.
Systems that serve 100,000 or more people must post their CCRs on the  Internet. EPA
encourages other systems to use this option as well. Many local governments have sites where

Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR              26                                 April 2010

-------
you can post your CCR, even if your system itself does not have a Web site. EPA provides a
mechanism that allows systems to link their CCR to the EPA Web site
(www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/compliancehelp.html). You must also make your CCR available to
the public upon request.


Reach All Consumers Not Receiving Water Bills	

It is in your system's interest to spread the word about the quality of its drinking water. Since
many consumers of your water may not receive bills (people such as apartment renters) you must
make serious and "good faith" efforts to reach non-bill paying consumers. A "good faith" effort
means selecting the most appropriate method(s) to reach those consumers from a menu of
options that your state recommends. Those options include but are not limited to:

   •  Posting the CCR on the Internet using Web sites, email notifications, Podcasts, blogs, or
      Tweets.

   •  Mailing the CCR to all postal patrons.

   •  Advertising the availability of the  CCR in newspapers, TV, and radio.

   •  Publishing the complete CCR in a local newspaper.

   •  Posting the CCR in public places such as cafeterias and lobbies of public buildings,
      libraries, churches, and schools.

   •  Delivering multiple CCRs for distribution by single-biller customers such as apartment
      buildings or large private employers.

   •  Delivering the CCR to community organizations.


Waiving the Mailing Requirement	

Your Governor (or Tribal leader or EPA Regional Administrator, if applicable) can waive the
mailing requirement for water systems that serve fewer that 10,000 people. You may choose to
mail the CCR even if the Governor has issued a waiver. If you decide to use the waiver, take the
following steps:

   •  Publish the CCR in one or more local newspapers.

   •  Inform customers, by notification in newspapers or by other means approved by the state,
      that CCRs will not be mailed.

   •  Make the CCRs available upon request.


Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               27                                 April 2010

-------
   •  For specific subpopulations in your community, you may wish to distribute CCRs to
      organizations specific to those groups.

If your system serves 500 or fewer people and the Governor waives the mailing requirement for
small systems, you do not have to publish the CCR in the newspaper, though you may want to do
so. At least once a year, you must notify customers through a mailed, delivered, or posted notice
that the CCR is available from your water system upon request.


VII. Keeping CCR Copies on File

You must keep copies of your CCRs on file for a minimum of three years.


VIM. References

1. Means, Edward, Zaid Chowdhury, Garret Westerhoff, Laurel Passantino, and John Ruetten.
2008. Communicating the Value of Water: An Introductory Guide for Water Utilities. AwwaRF,
Denver, CO.

2. Lazo, J. K., J. L. Pratt, C. N. Herrick, M. L. Hagenstad, R. S. Raucher, R. E. Kurd, and E. H.
Rambo. 2004. Understanding and Enhancing the Impact of Consumer Confidence Reports.
AwwaRF, Denver, CO.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR              28                                April 2010

-------
  Appendix A - Translations for English Instructions

  Translations are provided courtesy of the State of Washington Department of Health. None of
  these translations has been independently verified.
                            Translations for the English Text:
           "This report contains important information about your drinking water.
        Have someone translate it for you, or speak with someone who understands it.'
Amheric:
£\} ttin
                       Arabic:
                             £-Lt fj

                           V *i*J ^4£fci ILk I'
                                                                        [C JJiJ _jJjSul} l

                                                               i t^^^AU t L Vft |__tX^atf  i^^^^j^yj . £
Cambodian (Khmer)
iCi tern nuns:
                       Chinese (simplified):
Chinese (traditional):
                       Farsi:
 m o if Af t-
                                                               obiibl
                                   -jyj*.rf
                                 «^^
                                                                                 * 4J*
                                                                         Lue 1 .  Cbdajc
French:
Ce rapport contient des informations importantes a
propos de votre eau potable. Demander a quelqu'un
de traduire ces informations pour vous ou discuter
avec une personne qui comprend ces informations.
                       Greek:
                              avat)>opo(
       vepo oaq
crotc ti] tiCTadpdaci., f|
       KataAva(iaivcL
                                                       .c TO
                                               araa mrcoiov va
                                                      icanoiov
Hebrew:
                       Hindi:
                                    hn
Trht
                                VIVO
                                                   3IBT ll"
  Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                    29
                              April 2010

-------
Hmong:
   Dlaim ntawv tshaabxu nuav muaj lug tseemceeb
heev nyob rua huv kws has txug cov dlej mej haus.
Kuas ib tug paab txhais rua koj, los nrug ib tug kws
paub lug thaam.
                                           Japanese:
Korean:
                                           Laotian:
Oromo:
Gabaasii kun odccffanno barbachisa wa'cc
bisjum dhugatitii qaba. Akluia isinii
turjuniaa'uu gaafadliaa yokaau. nama afaan
keessan dnbbatuu dubbisaa.
                                           Polish:
                                           NastQpujqcy raport zawicra
                                           informacjt;. na tcnial wody pilncj.  Prosztj.
                                           poprosic kogos o przctlumaezcnic lub
                                           porozmawiac z kirns kto rozumie.
Punjabi
fen
                   xfte
     dl t"! fefr ^S1, "ftW ^" KHF wS'v
Russian:
 B 3TOM
 HH4>opMaupa o Boge, Koropyro BW
 HonpocHTe Koro-ira6yflL nepeBecm
 3TO COO6mCHHC HJIH norOBOpHTC C
 ••rCJlOBCKOM, KOTOpblH nOHUMftCT CfO
                                                                                 BE
Samoan:
O Ic lipoti Icncl o lo'o iai ai inca c siii ona
tana e uiga i le vai o lo'o e taumafaina nei.
Su'e se lagala e fa'aliliuina mo oe, po'o Ion
LalaLalanoa i seisi e iai sona
lenei
                                            Serbo-Croatian:
                                            Ovaj izvjcStaj sadrzi vazmi informaciju u
                                            vasoj vodi za pice. Ncka vam ncko prevedc,
                                            ill popricajte sa nekim ko se u ovo razumije,
Somali:
Warbixintan waxay wadataa maclnumaad
muhiim ah ee la xiriira biyaha aad cabtid,
Cid ha knu tarjunto aina la hadl ctd
fahmaysa.
                                            Spanish:
                                            Este infbriTie contiene intbrmacion
                                            imporlanlc accrca dc su agua polabic. liaga
                                            que alguien lo traduzca para usted, o liable
                                            con alguien quc lo cnticndu.
  Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                                         30
                             April 2010

-------
Tagalog:
Naglalaman ang report na ito ng
importantcng impormasyon tungkol sa
iyong iniinom na tubig. Magkaroon ng
isang tao na isasalin ito sa iyong wika para
sa lyo, o makipag-usap sa isang tao na
nakakaintindi dito.
                                         Thai:
                                         «ij«fl itmwuil HTfofm wlwvhu vnailfnunwVi Linl? vatniuu
Tigrigna:
                                         Ukranian:
ffA*
                 trtt£?»
                                                     upo
                                          EloiipociTb Koru-He6y^b
                                          nosinoMJieHHH a6o noroeopiTb 3
                                             prwyMie ftoro
                                                                             Lt B&M u,e
Vietnamese:
 Tai lieu nay co dn tiJc quan trong ve nitdc
 uong cua quy vi. Hay nhd ngtfdi d|ch cho
 quy vi, hoac h6i ngifdi nao hi& tii
 nay.
  Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                                      31
April 2010

-------
                              This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                32                                     April 2010

-------
Appendix B - Reporting Monitoring Data

This Appendix provides examples of monitoring data and instructions on how to report certain
detects in the CCR. Note all results must be reported in CCR units.

^ Example that demonstrates reporting for 1 sample site and monitoring less than
   annually:

   •  Barium monitoring

   •  Barium MCL:    2 ppm

   •  MCL in CCR units:   2 ppm

   •  March 2006 Result:   0.003  ppm

   •  Example CCR Table Excerpt for 2008 Report:



Barium
(ppm)


MCL


2


MCLG


2


Your
Water


0.003


Range


N/A


Year
Sampled


2006


Violation


No


Typical source
Discharge of
drilling wastes;
Discharge from
metal refineries;
Erosion of natural
deposits
  Note: System will report this same result each CCR year until the next sample is taken.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
33
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting for one sampling site and multiple sampling dates

   •   Atrazine monitoring

   •   Atrazine MCL:    0.003 ppm

   •   MCL in CCR units:    3 ppb

   •   2008 Results:
Atrazine
Monitoring
2008 Analysis
Results
Running Annual
Average*
1st quarter
2008
0.8 ppb
1.2 ppb
2nd quarter
2008
3. 8 ppb
2.1 ppb
3rd quarter
2008
2.1 ppb
1 .4 ppb
4th quarter
2008
0.9 ppb
1.9 ppb
       * Reported RAA for quarters 1-3 are based on results from previous quarters not reported
       on this table.

       Note: Highlighted numbers represent the range and the highest RAA.
       Example CCR Table Excerpt:

Atrazine
(ppb)
MCL
3
MCLG
3
Your
Water
2.1
Range
0.8-3.8
Year
Sampled
2008
Violation
No
Typical source
Runoff from
herbicide used on
row crops
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
34
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting for disinfectant residuals




   •   Monitoring for chloramines




   •   System size: 1,001-2,500 people




   •   Samples: 2 times per month




   •   Chloramines MRDL:  4 ppm




   •   MRDL in CCR units: 4 ppm




   •   2008 Results:
Samples (ppm)
Sample 1
Sample 2
Monthly
Average
Quarterly
RAA*
Jan.
1.0
1.4
1.2
Feb.
2.1
1.9
2.0
Mar.
1.4
0.8
1.1
1.7
Apr.
2.2
2.2
2.2
May
1.4
2.3
1.9
Jun.
1.4
1.6
1.5
2.3
Jul.
2.5
2.1
2.3
Aug.
2.6
2.8
2.7
Sept
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.9
Oct.
2.9
2.7
2.8
Nov.
3.7
2.9
3.3
Dec.
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.0
* Reported RAA for quarters 1-3 are based on results from previous quarters not reported on this table.




Note: Highlighted numbers represent the range and the highest RAA.




   •   Example CCR Table Excerpt:


Chloramines
(ppm)

MRDL
4


MRDLG
4

Your
Water
2.3


Range
0.8-3.7

Year
Sampled
2008


Violation
No


Typical source
Water additive
used to control
microbes
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
35
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting for multiple sampling sites and multiple sampling
   dates:

   •   Total Trihalomethane monitoring under Stage 1 DBPR and Stage 2 DBPRIDSE.

   •   TTHMMCL:      0.080 ppm

   •   MCL in CCR units:   80 ppb

   •   2008 Results:
Total Trihalomethane
Monitoring Results*
(in ppb)
Sitel
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
System-wide Quarterly
Average
System-wide Running
Annual Average*
1st quarter
2008
53
55
50
54
53
75
2nd quarter
2008
62
62
63
69
64
77
3rd quarter
2008
125
119
117
135
124
82
4th quarter
2008
70
60
70
84
71
78
  * Reported RAA for quarters 1-3 are based on results from previous quarters not reported on this table.
Note: Highlighted numbers represent the range and the average of the results obtained during the calendar
year. The highest sample result occurred in the third quarter during IDSE sampling (see following table).
IDSE Results
Sitel
Site 2
SiteS
Site 4
1st quarter
2008
45
60
100
45
2nd quarter
2008
55
85
90
60
3rd quarter
2008
70
100
140
65
4th quarter
2008
50
115
105
50
* The IDSE results must be included in the range in the CCR Table.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
36
April 2010

-------
       Example CCR Table Excerpt:

TTHM
(ppb)
MCL

80
MCLG

NA
Your
Water

78
Range

50- 140
Sample
Year

2008
Violation

Yes*
Typical
source
Byproduct of
drinking water
disinfection
  * While the average for the year did not exceed the MCL there was an MCL violation that was
  determined during the year that included results that were collected outside of this calendar year.

  Include discussion of the TTHM MCL violation, including health effects language, below the table.
       Notes:
              Under Stage 1 DBPR for TTHM and HAAS, systems must report the average and
              the range of sample results.

              Since the system collected samples under IDSE during the calendar year, the
              results of the IDSE are included in the reported "range" of results but not the
              average.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
37
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting for multiple sampling sites and multiple sampling
   dates for TTHM with an MCL exceedance at one location:

   •   Total Trihalomethane monitoring under Stage 2 DBPR

   •   TTHM MCL:     0.080 ppm

   •   MCL in CCR units:   80 ppb

   •   2012 Results:
Total Trihalomethane
Monitoring Results
(in ppb)
Site 1 Quarterly Results
Sitel-LRAA*
Site 2 Quarterly Results
Site 2- LRAA*
Site 3 Quarterly Results
Site3-LR4A*
Site 4 Quarterly Results
Site4-LRAA*
1st quarter
2012
45
47
40
42
45
40
50
49
2nd quarter
2012
60
57
55
49
60
48
65
55
3rd quarter
2012
125
74
115
71
105
69
135
78
4th quarter
2012
70
75
60
68
70
70
75
81
 * Reported LRAA for quarters 1-3 are based on results from previous quarters not reported on this table.

   •   Example CCR Table Excerpt:
Monitoring

TTHM
System (ppb)

MCL

80

MCLG

NA

Your
Water
81
(highest
LRAA at
Site 4)
Range

40-135

Sample
Year

2012

Violation

Yes

Typical source

Byproduct of drinking
water disinfection

Include discussion of the TTHM MCL violation at Site 4, including health effects language, below the
table.

       •  Notes:

          -   Under Stage 2 DBPR, for TTHM and HAAS, systems with no LRAA MCL
             exceedances or only one location with an exceedance, must report the highest
             LRAA and the range of quarterly results (for all locations) in their main detected
             contaminant table.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
38
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting for multiple sampling sites and multiple sampling
   dates for TTHM with more than one MCL exceedance:

   •   Total Trihalomethane monitoring under Stage 2 DBPR

   •   TTHM MCL:     0.080 ppm

   •   MCL in CCR units:   80 ppb

   •   2012 Results:
Total Trihalomethane
Monitoring Results
(in ppb)
Site 1 Quarterly Results
Sitel-LRAA*
Site 2 Quarterly Results
Site 2- LRAA*
Site 3 Quarterly Results
Site3-LR4A*
Site 4 Quarterly Results
Site4-LRAA*
1st quarter
2012
62
52
40
42
45
40
50
60
2nd quarter
2012
65
87
55
49
60
48
65
55
3rd quarter
2012
125
74
115
77
105
69
135
82
4th quarter
2012
100
88
60
68
70
70
62
78
 * Reported LRAA for quarters 1-3 are based on results from previous quarters not reported on this table.

   •   Example CCR Table Excerpt:
Monitoring
TTHM
System (ppb)
TTHM Site 1
(ppb)
TTHM Site 4
(ppb)
MCL
80
80
80
MCLG
NA
NA
NA
Your
Water
88
(highest
LRAA)
88
82
Range
40- 135
62 - 125
50- 135
Sample
Year
2012
2012
2012
Violation
See Sites 1
and 4
Yes
Yes
Typical source
Byproduct of drinking
water disinfection
Byproduct of drinking
water disinfection
Byproduct of drinking
water disinfection
Include discussion of the TTHM MCL violation at Sites 1 and 4, including health effects language, below
the table.

   •   Notes:

          -  Under Stage 2 DBPR, for TTHM and HAAS,  systems must report the highest
             LRAA and the range of quarterly results (for all locations) in their main detected
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
39
April 2010

-------
              contaminant table. In addition, systems with an LRAA MCL exceedance at more
              than one location, must report the LRAA for each location that exceeded the
              MCL.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               40                                  April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting of lead results:

July 2008
Sitel
ND
Site 2
ND
Site 3
8
Site 4
12
SiteS
19
Site 6
3
Site?
ND
SiteS
ND
Site 9
4
Site 10
22
          Notes:
                              ->th
              To calculate the 90  percentile: The results of all samples taken during a
              monitoring period shall be placed in ascending order from the sample with the
              lowest concentration to the sample with the highest concentration. Each sample
              result shall be assigned a number starting with the number 1 for the lowest value.
              The number of samples taken during the monitoring period shall be multiplied by
              0.9. The contaminant concentration in the numbered sample yielded by this
              calculation is the 90th percentile value.

July 2008
Sitel
ND
Site 2
ND
Site 3
ND
Site 4
ND
SiteS
3
Site 6
4
Site?
8
SiteS
12
Site 9
19
Site 10
22
                                                        ,th
       10 samples x 0.9 = 9 therefore, the ninth value is the 90  percentile value.
                              -,th
          -  Report in Table: 90  percentile=19 ppb AND the number of sites above action
              level(15ppb) = 2
       Notes:
          -  Regardless of whether lead is detected in your system, you must include an
             informational statement about lead in your report, which is provided in Section
             IV, Item 8.

          -  Water quality parameter monitoring data that you collect in association with this
             rule should not be included in the report.

       Example CCR Table Excerpt:


Lead
(ppb)
MCL

AL=15
MCLG

0
Your
Water

19
Range

2 sites over
action level
Sample
Year

2008
Violation

No
Typical source
Corrosion of
household plumbing
systems; erosion of
natural deposits
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
41
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting turbidity results:
       When reporting turbidity, systems that provide filtration must report the highest single
       measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the requirements
       specified for that technology. In this situation, direct and conventional filtration systems
       may want to report the data in 2 rows of their table.

       Example CCR Table Excerpt:

Turbidity
MCL
TT=1 NTU
TT= percentage
of samples<0.3
NTU
MCLG
0
Your
Water
0.7 NTU
97%
Range
N/A
N/A
Sample
Date

Violation
No
No
Typical
Source
Soil runoff
       Notes:
          -   Alternative filtration systems would want to report the above information using
              turbidity limits established by the state.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
42
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting TCR detects with no MCL violation:
   •   Detects of coliform, fecal coliform or E. coli bacteria during routine monitoring must be
       reported, even if no MCL violation occurred.

   •   For a system that collects at least 40 samples per month (i.e., a system that serves >
       33,000 people), if no more than 5.0 percent of the samples collected during a month are
       positive, the system is in compliance with the MCL for total coliforms.

   •   For a system that collects fewer than 40 samples/month (i.e., a system serving < 33,000
       people), if no more than one sample collected during a month is positive, the system is in
       compliance with the MCL for total coliforms.

   •   In these situations, you may wish to report detects as shown below. Check with your state
       to make sure this meets state-specific requirements.

Systems collecting fewer than 40 total coliform samples per month (Example CCR Table
Excerpt):

Total Coliform
Fecal coliform
or E. coli
bacteria
MCL
1 positive
sample/month*


MCLG
0

0

Your
Water
1 positive
sample

0

Range




Sample
Date
xx/xx/xx



Violation
No

No

Typical
source
Naturally
present in the
environment
Human or
animal fecal
waste
* If a system collecting fewer than 40 samples per month has two or more positive samples in one month,
the system has a MCL violation.

Systems collecting 40 or more total coliform samples per month (assume for the example
that the system collects 50 samples per month) month (Example CCR Table Excerpt):


Total Coliform

Fecal coliform
or E. coli
bacteria
MCL

5% of
monthly
samples are
positive

MCLG

0


0

Your
Water

1.5%


0

Range






Sample
Date

xx/xx/xx




Violation

No


No

Typical
Source
Naturally
present in the
environment
Human or
animal fecal
waste
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
43
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates TOC reporting (surface water treatment plants with
   conventional treatment or precipitative softening)

   •   If any of the following apply, you must report a treatment technique violation for
       enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening (if applicable):

          -  Alternate compliance criteria for enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening
             cannot be met.
          -  Quarterly TOC monitoring does not demonstrate the percentage removal of TOC
             (demonstrated in the table below).
          -  A system does not obtain state approval for alternate minimum TOC removal
             (Step 2) requirements.

       The example CCR Table excerpt below is for a conventional surface water treatment
       system with source water TOC between 2-4 mg/L and with a source water alkalinity
       between 0-50 mg/L. It demonstrates how to report this TOC TT violation:
TT Violation
Failure to
remove
required
amount of
total organic
carbon (TOC)
(DBPP)








Explanation of the
TT Violation
On March 3rd, we
collected samples
for TOC before and
after our treatment
process to determine
the percentage of
TOC we were
removing. Results
showed that we were
removing 25 percent
of the TOC. We are
required to remove
35 percent of the
TOC.

Length of
the
Violation
1 month














Steps Taken to
Correct the
Violation
We examined our
treatment processes
to see if we could
improve our removal
of TOC. We made
some adjustments to
our process on
March 29th. Samples
collected after that
time show that we
are able to achieve
35 percent removal.



Health Effect Language
Total organic carbon (TOC)
has no health effects. However,
total organic carbon provides a
medium for the formation of
disinfection byproducts. These
byproducts include
trihalomethanes (THMs) and
haloacetic acids (HAAs).
Drinking water containing
these byproducts in excess of
the MCL may lead to adverse
health effects, liver, or kidney
problems, or nervous system
effects, and may lead to an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
44
April 2010

-------
    Example that demonstrates reporting substitution of gross alpha particle results for
    radium testing

    •   A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the required radium
       measurement provided that the measured gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 5
       pCi/L.

    •   In this situation, you may wish to report detects of gross alpha particle activity. Verify
       with the state that this approach meets their requirements.

    •   Example CCR Table Excerpt:

Alpha emitters
pCi/L
MCL
15
MCLG
0
Your
Water
3*
Range

Sample
Date
xx/xx/xx
Violation
No
Typical Source
Erosion of natural
deposits
   * If the results of this sample had been above 5 pCi/L, our system would have been required to do
   additional testing for radium. Because the results were below 5 pCi/L, no testing for radium was
   required.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
45
April 2010

-------
    Example that demonstrates reporting substitution of gross alpha particle results for
    uranium testing

    •   A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the required uranium
       measurement provided that the measured gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 15
       pCi/L.

    •   In this situation, you may wish to report detects of gross alpha particle activity. Verify
       with the state that this approach meets their requirements.

    •   Example CCR Table Excerpt:

Alpha emitters
pCi/L
MCL
15
MCLG
0
Your
Water
12*
Range

Sample
Date
xx/xx/xx
Violation
No
Typical Source
Erosion of natural
deposits
   * If the results of this sample had been above 15 pCi/L, our system would have been required to
   do additional testing for uranium. Because the results were below 15pCi/L, no testing for uranium
   was required.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
46
April 2010

-------
    Example that demonstrates reporting beta particles results

       The MCL for beta particles is 4 mrem/year. EPA recognizes that laboratories often report
       these results in pCi/L, and that there is no simple conversion between the two units.
       Therefore, it is acceptable for systems to report the detected level for beta particles in
       pCi/L. So that consumers may have a standard against which to compare the detected
       level, systems should place 50 in the MCL column and include a footnote explaining that
       EPA considers 50 pCi/L to be a level of concern for beta particles.

    •   Example CCR Table Excerpt:

Beta
particles
(pCi/L)
MCL

50*
MCLG

0
Your
Water

10**
Range

ND-10
Sample
Date

xx/xx/xx
Violation

No
Typical Source

Erosion of natural
deposits
    * The MCL for beta particles is 4 mrem/year. EPA considers 50 pCi/L to be the level of concern
    for beta particles.
    ** Because the beta particle results were below 50 pCi/L, no testing for individual beta particle
    constituents was required.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
47
April 2010

-------
   Examples that demonstrates treatment technique violation reporting under
   LT2ESWTR

   •   For violations of treatment techniques under LT2ESWTR, the system must provide an
       explanation of the violation, an indication of the length of the violation, information on
       steps taken to correct the violation, and health effects language. Because there are no
       standard health effects language provided for these treatment techniques, the system
       would have to write language specific to the violation. You can use the health effect
       language for contaminants as an example or template.

   •   Example CCR Table Excerpt (note that not all of these violations would have
       occurred in the same year):
TT Violation


Uncovered
and untreated
finished water

reservoir




Determine
and Report
Bin
Classification





Provide or
Install an
Additional
Level of
Treatment

Explanation
The South Street
finished water
reservoir is
uncovered and the
discharge is not
treated. We were
required to address
this situation by
April 1, 2009.
After conducting our
source water
monitoring for
Cryptosporidium, we
were required to
determine and report
our Bin
Classification by
[date].

Based on our bin
classification, we
were required to
provide or install an
additional level of
treatment by [date].

Length



17
months







1
month







6
months


Steps Taken to Correct the
Violation


We have hired an engineering
firm to design a cover for the
tank. We intend to have the
tank covered by September
2010.





We have since determined our
bin classification and reported
this to the DEQ.



We hired an engineering firm
to prepare a preliminary
engineering report. The report
listed treatment alternatives.
We selected one of the
alternatives and are in the
process of constructing it. We
anticipate that it will be
completed by [date] .
Health Effect
Language
Inadequately protected
water may contain
disease-causing
organisms. These
organisms can cause
symptoms such as
diarrhea, nausea,
cramps, and associated
headaches.
Inadequately treated
water may contain
disease-causing
organisms. These
organisms can cause
symptoms such as
diarrhea, nausea,
cramps, and associated
headaches.
Inadequately treated
water may contain
disease-causing
organisms. These
organisms can cause
symptoms such as
diarrhea, nausea,
cramps, and associated
headaches.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
48
April 2010

-------
    Example that demonstrates special notice for fecal indicator-positive groundwater
    source sample reporting

    •   This system was triggered to conduct source water monitoring after a TCR positive sample in
       December of 2009. In this example, both the distribution and the source samples were positive for
       E. coli. The system took five additional source samples and one was positive. Below is an
       example of reporting for both the TCR violation and the GWR special notice.
    •   The required special notice language for fecal indicator-positive samples must be provided in the
       CCR. For this example, we have included it as a footnote to the table.
    •   Example CCR Table Excerpt:
Contaminant
E. coli (in the
distribution
system)
E. coli (at the
ground water
source) **
MCL

0


0
MCLG

0


0
Your
Water

1 positive
sample

2 positive
samples
Range

ND-1


ND-1
Sample
Year

2009


2009
Violation

Yes*


No
Source
Human or
animal fecal
waste
Human or
animal fecal
waste
 * We were notified on December 9, 2009, of an E. coli positive sample in the distribution system. You
 may remember receiving public notification of this violation on December 10. For reasons discussed in
 the next paragraph, we took Well 1 off-line on December 11. The duration of the violation was two
 days. We are addressing this contaminated well as discussed below.

 ** On December 10, 2009, we sampled the sources (Well 1 and Well 2) for the fecal-indicator, E. coli.
 We were notified on December 11 that Well 1 tested positive for E. coli. On December 12, we took five
 additional samples and were notified on December 13 that two of the five samples were positive for E.
 coli. We immediately took Well  1 off-line at that time. Our system is in contact with the state DEQ, and
 we have a state-approved plan to abandon this well and replace it with a new well. We will have the
 new well completed by July 5, 2010, and the old well will be abandoned by July  15, 2010. As an interim
 measure, we have moved to only utilizing this well as an emergency source and have not had to utilize it
 since the sampling revealed the contamination.

 Health Effects: Fecal coliforms  and E. coli are bacteria whose presence  indicates that the water may be
 contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such
 as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for
 infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
49
April 2010

-------
       If the system had sampled for (and found) enterococci or coliphage as their fecal
       indicator, the table would read as shown in the example below.
Contaminant
Enterococci (at the
ground water
source)*
Coliphage (at the
ground water
source) *
MCL
TT
TT
MCLG
N/A
N/A
Your
Water
2 positive
samples
2 positive
samples
Range
ND-1
ND-1
Sample
Year
2009
2009
Violation
No
No
Source
Human or
animal fecal
waste
Human or
animal fecal
waste
 * Special notice required text and health effects language would be provided in the CCR - possibly in a
 footnote to the table as shown in the example above.

 Health Effects: Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates that the water may be
 contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such
 as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for
 infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
50
April 2010

-------
   Example that demonstrates reporting of TT violation for failure to take corrective
   action for fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample

   •   If in the example above, the system did not take corrective action or set a corrective
       action plan with the state within 120 days of the fecal indicator-positive additional
       sample,  they will be in violation of a treatment technique.
TT Violation
Corrective
Action for
GW Fecal
Indicator
Source
Sample(s)

Explanation
We were
required to take
corrective
action to
address the
fecal
contamination
in our well.

Length

3 months



Steps Taken to Correct the
Violation
We have contacted the DEQ
and are now on a corrective
action plan. We will
abandon the contaminated
well and drill a new one. We
will have the new well
completed by July 5, 2010,
and the old well will be
abandoned by July 15, 2010.
Health Effect Language
Inadequately protected or
treated water may contain
disease-causing
organisms. These
organisms can cause
symptoms such as
diarrhea, nausea, cramps,
and associated headaches.

Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
51
April 2010

-------
                              This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                 52                                     April 2010

-------
Appendix  C - Certification Form

(suggested format)

CWS name:
PWS ID. no:
The community water system named above hereby confirms that its consumer confidence report has been
distributed to customers (and appropriate notices of availability have been given). Further, the system
certifies that the information contained in the report is correct and consistent with the compliance
monitoring data previously submitted to the state.

Certified by:

       Name	

       Title
       Phone #                                  Date
***You are not required by EPA rules to report the following information, but you may want to provide it
to your state. Check all items that apply. ***

	CCR was distributed by mail or other direct delivery. Specify other direct delivery methods:
    _"Good faith" efforts were used to reach non-bill paying consumers. Those efforts included the
     following methods as recommended by the state:

       	posting the CCR on the Internet at www.	
           jnailing the CCR to postal patrons within the service area, (attach zip codes used)
       	advertising availability of the CCR in news media (attach copy of announcement)

       	publication of CCR in local newspaper (attach copy)

       	posting the CCR in public places (attach a list of locations)

       	delivery of multiple copies to single bill addresses serving several persons such as:
             apartments, businesses, and large private employers

       	delivery to community organizations (attach a list)

       	(for systems serving at least 100,000 persons) Posted CCR on a publicly-accessible Internet
             site at the address: www.	

    _Delivered CCR to other agencies as required by the state (attach a list)
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                53                                    April 2010

-------
                              This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                 54                                     April 2010

-------
Appendix D - Information  on Source Water Assessment
Programs and Conservation Efforts

Appendix D provides more detailed information on state Source Water Assessment Programs
(SWAPs), Wellhead Protection Programs (WHPs), and incorporating source water assessment
results and source water protection and conservation tips into your CCR.


Source Water Assessment Program	

Background

The 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) included a focus on pollution
prevention, which complements the traditional treatment approach to ensuring safe drinking
water. In Section 1453, the amendments required states to develop Source Water Assessment
Programs (SWAPs) and submit them for EPA approval by February of 1999. EPA reviewed and
approved these programs and states subsequently completed source water assessments for all
public water systems (PWS). These assessments included a delineation of a source water
protection area, an inventory of potentially significant sources of contamination, and a
determination of the susceptibility of the PWS to these potential contamination sources.

As part of an approved program, states must make the results of these assessments available to
the public - either directly or through a delegated entity. This last requirement can, in part, be
met through the requirements of the CCR Rule that water systems provide susceptibility
determinations to the public once an assessment has been completed. Although information
about source water protection efforts is not specifically required in CCRs, the reports offer an
excellent opportunity for water systems to explain how a community's drinking water supply is
being protected.

In addition to SWAPs, many systems conducted developed and implemented Wellhead
Protection Programs (WHPs) to satisfy or go beyond the SWAP assessment requirements.
Wellhead programs are either voluntary or mandatory for water systems depending on the states'
program, but do include development of wellhead management plans. Most states have
integrated SWAP and WHP activities. One of the key  distinctions between the SWAPs and
existing wellhead programs and watershed protection programs is that SWAPs explicitly include
a determination about the susceptibility of the drinking water system to sources of
contamination. These determinations are useful for the purposes of CCR reporting since the CCR
Rule requires that reports contain a brief summary of the results of these susceptibility
determinations.

More information about state SWAP programs, including a list of state source water contacts and
links to state source water Web sites can be found through www.epa.gov/safewater.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR              55                                April 2010

-------
Incorporating Source Water Assessment Results in CCRs
Information about source water is an important part of the CCR. Table D-l is a list of the report
requirements related to source water.

  Table D-1. CCR Requirements Referencing Source Water Assessment Results
    Rule/ Guidance
        Citation
                           Requirement
 40CFR141.153(b)(l)
Each report must identify the source(s) of water delivered by the
COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEM by providing information on: the type of
water used (i.e., surface water or ground water), the commonly used name (if
any) and the location of the body (or bodies) of water.
 40CFR141.153(b)(2)
For completed source water assessments, the CCR must:

1) Notify consumers that this information is available.
2) Tell the consumers how to obtain the information.

Where a system has received a source water assessment from the state, the
report must include a brief summary of the system's susceptibility to potential
sources of contamination, using language provided by the state or written by
the operator.

Systems are also encouraged to report significant sources of contamination in
the source area if they have readily available information.
 40CFR141.153
Each report must include the likely source(s) of detected contaminants to the
best of the operator's knowledge. Specific information regarding the likely
source (s) of the contaminants may be available in sanitary surveys and source
water assessments and should be used when available to the operator. If the
operator lacks specific information on the likely source(s), the report must
include one or more typical sources given in the Appendix A to Subpart O.
(See Appendix F of this guidance for the list of typical sources).
 40CFR141.153(e)(l)
If a system has performed any monitoring which indicate that
Cryptosporidium may be present in the raw or finished water, the report must
include a summary of the results of the monitoring and an explanation of the
significance of the results.
 40CFR141.153(h)(l)
Every CCR must contain a brief explanation about the sources of drinking
water and contaminants that may be present in the source water. Systems can
either use the language provided in 40 CFR 141.153(h)(l)(i), (ii), and (iii) or
develop comparable language.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                     56
April 2010

-------
CCR Examples - Summarizing Source Water Assessment Results and
Source Water Protection and Water Conservation Tips	

An example of how source water assessment results and source water protection and water
conservation tips could appear in a CCR are shown in Tables D-2 and D-3.

                Table D-2. CCR Examples - Source Water Information
      Source Water
   Assessment Status
                        Example Language
 Ground water source

    •   Source water
        assessment
        available
Our water comes from three wells drilled about 500 feet into an underground
source of water called the Low Plains Aquifer. These wells are located west
of town on the north side of City Park. The wellhead protection area for
these wells extends approximately 2000 feet north, 4000 ft south and 1500 ft
east and west of the well field. (Please see the map). We have a town
ordinance that prohibits dumping and many other activities that could pollute
our drinking water in this wellhead area. The Department of Environmental
Resources (DER) completed an assessment of our source water in January of
2001 and has reported that our raw water is most susceptible to
contamination from abandoned irrigation wells and farm runoff. The town
has done a follow-up investigation and has identified two abandoned wells.
They have been properly plugged. Farm runoff continues to be a concern.
Please contact the County Extension Service at [phone number] to get a list
of area farmers participating in a three county source water protection
program.  You can get a summary of our assessment by calling the DER
Region 1  office at [phone number]. A full copy of the assessment is available
in the town clerk's office or on the Internet [Internet address].
 Surface Water
        Source water
        assessment
        available

        Cryptosporidium
        detected
Our utility serves you treated surface water which is taken from the
Grubstake river near Spitfire Junction. We collect it in the McErtel Reservoir
and then pipe it to the treatment plant just northwest of town. The state
drinking water program through a source water assessment report has found
that our drinking water is potentially most susceptible to farm runoff as well
as three underground storage tanks in Spitfire county. However, we have not
detected any contaminants from these sources in our drinking water. You can
get a copy of the source water assessment by calling the state drinking water
program at [phone number].

In 2010, we monitored for Cryptosporidium, a microbial parasite commonly
found in surface water, and found some evidence of these microbes in the
raw, but not the finished water. Current test methods do not enable us to
determine if these organisms are capable of causing disease. We are not
aware of a specific source of Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium may come
from wildlife or cattle grazing near the reservoir. Cryptosporidium must be
ingested for it to cause disease, and may be passed through other means than
drinking water. Symptoms of infection include nausea, diarrhea, and
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                    57
April 2010

-------
      Source Water
    Assessment Status
                              Example Language
                         abdominal cramps. These symptoms can also be the result of food related
                         organisms or flu or ingesting untreated water. Most healthy individuals are
                         able to overcome the disease within a few weeks. However, some people
                         may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general
                         population. Immuno-compromised people, such as persons with cancer
                         undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants,
                         people living with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some
                         elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk. These people should seek
                         advice from their health care providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate
                         means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial
                         contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-
                         426-4791).
   Table D-3. CCR Examples - Source Water Protection and Water Conservation
                                   Tips for Consumers
  Example Type
                           Example Language
Source Water
Protection Tips for
Consumers
Protection of drinking water is everyone's responsibility. You can help protect
your community's drinking water source in several ways:

     Eliminate excess use of lawn and garden fertilizers and pesticides - they
     contain hazardous chemicals that can reach your drinking water source.

     Pick up after your pets.

     If you have your own septic system, properly maintain your system to reduce
     leaching to water sources or consider connecting to a public water system.

     Dispose of chemicals properly; take used motor oil to a recycling center.

     Volunteer in your community. Find a watershed or wellhead protection
     organization in your community and volunteer to help. If there are no active
     groups, consider starting one. Use EPA's Adopt Your Watershed to locate
     groups in your community, or visit the Watershed Information Network's
     How to Start a Watershed Team.

     Organize a storm drain stenciling project with your local government or
     water supplier. Stencil a message next to the street drain reminding people
     "Dump No Waste - Drains to River" or "Protect Your Water". Produce and
     distribute a flyer for households to remind residents that storm drains dump
     directly into your local water body.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                          58
April 2010

-------
  Example Type
                            Example Language
Water Conservation
Tips for Consumers
Did you know that the average U.S. household uses approximately 400 gallons of
water per day or 100 gallons per person per day? Luckily, there are many low-cost
and no-cost ways to conserve water. Small changes can make a big difference - try
one today and soon it will become second nature.

     Take short showers - a 5 minute shower uses 4 to 5 gallons of water
     compared to up to 50 gallons for a bath.

     Shut off water while brushing your teeth, washing your hair and shaving and
     save up to 500 gallons a month.

     Use a water-efficient showerhead. They are inexpensive, easy to install, and
     can save you up to 750 gallons a month.

     Run your clothes washer and dishwasher only when they are full. You can
     save up to 1,000 gallons a month.

     Water plants only when necessary.

     Fix leaky toilets and faucets. Faucet washers are inexpensive and take only a
     few minutes to replace. To check your toilet for a leak, place a few drops of
     food coloring in the tank and wait. If it seeps into the toilet bowl without
     flushing, you have a leak. Fixing it or replacing it with a new, more efficient
     model can save up to 1,000 gallons a month.

     Adjust sprinklers so only your lawn is watered. Apply water only as fast as
     the soil can absorb it and during the cooler parts of the day to reduce
     evaporation.

     Teach your kids about water conservation to ensure a future generation that
     uses water wisely. Make it a family effort to reduce next month's water bill!

     Visit www.epa.gov/watersense for more information.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                           59
April 2010

-------
                              This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                60                                     April 2010

-------
Appendix E - Examples of Consumer Confidence Reports

EPA is providing the following CCRs as examples of report format. In providing these reports,
EPA is not endorsing the views nor judging the accuracy of the information contained in the
reports. These examples do not necessarily meet all current federal and state CCR requirements.
Be sure to check with your state drinking water program since your state may have different
requirements from those under which these reports were created. For assistance creating a CCR,
systems can access the EPA CCR/Writer tool (www.ccriwriter.com).

   •  The first report, Sampletown Annual Water Quality Report, is fictitious and was created
      as a general example.

   •  The second report, Miami-Dade Water & Sewer Department, 2008 Water Quality Report
      is another example of a large surface water system, but is a good example of a bilingual
      report.

   •  The third report, Water Quality - Treatment, Sampling, Monitoring - Department of
      Public Works, Helena  Water Treatment Division, 2009 Consumer Confidence Water
      Quality Report, is an example of a smaller surface water system. The system provides
      water to the City of Helena, Montana and does not sell water to any other public water
      system.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR              61                                April 2010

-------
               SAMPLETOWN ANNUAL WATER QUALITY REPORT

                                      May 2009

Spanish (Espanol)

Este informe contiene informacion importante acerca de su aqua potable. Haga que alguien lo
traduzca para usted, o hable con alguien que lo entienda.

French (Francais)

Ce rapport contient des informations importantes a propos de votre eau potable. Demander a
quelqu'un de traduire ces informations pour vous ou discuter avec une personne qui comprend
ces informations.

Is my water safe?

Last year, we conducted tests for over 80 contaminants. We only detected 10 of those
contaminants, and found only 1 at a level higher than the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) allows. As we told you at the time, our water temporarily exceeded drinking water
standards. (For more information see the section labeled Violations and Exceedances at the end
of the report.) This report is a snapshot of last year's water quality. Included are details about
where your water comes from, what it contains, and how it compares to standards set by
regulatory agencies. We are committed to providing you with information because informed
customers are our best allies.

Do I need to take special precautions?

Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general
population.  Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing
chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other
immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections.
These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers.
EPA/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of
infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe
Water Drinking Hotline (800-426-4791).

Where does my water come from?

Your water comes from three municipal wells sunk about 500 feet into an underground source of
water called the Low Plain Aquifer. These wells are located west of town. The town owns the
land around these wells and restricts any  activity that may contaminate them. After the water
comes out of the wells, we treat it to remove several contaminants and we also add disinfectant
to protect you against microbial contaminants.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR              62                                  April 2010

-------
Source water assessment and its availability

The state performed an assessment of our source water in January of 2005. A source water
assessment identifies potential sources of contamination to the water we use for your drinking
water. The assessment concluded that our water source is most susceptible to contamination from
abandoned irrigation wells and farm runoff. Two abandoned wells have been located and have
since been properly plugged. Farm runoff continues to be a concern although many local farmers
are participating in a 3 county source water protection program. Please call us at 111-2233 if you
would like more information about the assessment.

Why are there contaminants in my drinking water?

Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can
be obtained by calling the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791). The sources of
drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds,
reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the  land or through the
ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and
can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.

Contaminants that may be present include: Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria,
that may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations,
and wildlife; inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring
or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial, or  domestic wastewater discharges, oil and
gas production, mining, or farming; pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of
sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses; organic chemical
contaminants, including  synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of
industrial  processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban
stormwater runoff,  and septic systems; and radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally
occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities. In order to ensure that
tap water is safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations that limit the amount of certain
contaminants in water provided by public water systems. Food and Drug Administration  (FDA)
regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same
protection for public health.

How can  I get involved?

Our Water Board meets on the first Tuesday of each month at 7:30 pm at Edison High School on
Maple Lane. Please feel  free to participate in these meetings.  Your input is important to us!

Monitoring and reporting  of compliance data violations

Our water system failed to conduct monitoring for Arsenic on time. We are required to sample
annually. Due to an oversight, we took the sample 3 months late. Although the late sample was
below the MCL we are uncertain whether or not there may be any adverse health  risks associated
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               63                                   April 2010

-------
with this violation. We have recently implemented a new monitoring scheduling system which
should prevent this type of monitoring oversight in the future.

Additional information for Lead

If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant
women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components
associated with service lines and home plumbing. Sampletown is responsible for providing high
quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components.
When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead
exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or
cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested.
Information  on  lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize
exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.

Additional information for Nitrate

Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less  than six
months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate
levels may rise  quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you
are caring for an infant, you should ask for advice from your health care provider.

                           Water Quality Data Table

The table below lists all of the drinking water contaminants we detected that are applicable for
the calendar year of this report. The presence of contaminants in the water does  not necessarily
indicate that the water poses a health risk. Unless otherwise noted,  the data presented in this table
is from testing done in the calendar year of the report. The EPA or the state requires us to
monitor for certain contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these
contaminants do not change.
Contaminants
MCLG or
MRDLG
MCL,
TTor
MRDL
Your
Water
Range
Low
High
Sample
Date
Violation
Typical Sources
Disinfectant Residual
Chloramine
(as C12) (mg/L)
4
4
1
1
3
2008
No
Water additive to
control microbes.
Inorganic Contaminants
Fluoride (ppm)
4
4
2
1
2
2008
No
Erosion of natural
deposits; water
additive which
promotes strong
teeth; discharge from
fertilizer and
aluminum factories.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
64
April 2010

-------
Contaminants
Nitrate (measured
as Nitrogen) (ppm)
MCLG or
MRDLG
10
MCL,
TTor
MRDL
10
Your
Water
6
Range
Low
ND
High
6
Sample
Date
2008
Violation
No
Typical Sources
Runoff from
fertilizer use;
leaching from septic
tank sewage; erosion
of natural deposits.
Radioactive Contaminants
Alpha emitters
(pCi/L)
Beta/photon
emitters (pCi/L)
0
0
15
50**
4*
10
1
ND
4
10
2006
2008
No
No
Erosion of natural
deposits
Decay of natural and
man-made deposits.
Synthetic Organic Contaminants including pesticides and herbicides
Dibromochloro-
propane (DBPC)
(parts per trillion
[ppt])
Atrazine (ppb)
0
o
J
200
o
J
15
3.75
10
0.1
15
10
2008
2008
No
Yes
Runoff/leaching
from soil fumigant
used on soybeans,
cotton, pineapples
and orchards.
Runoff from
herbicide used on
row crops.
Volatile Organic Contaminants
Benzene (ppb)
TTHMs [Total
Trihalomethanes]
(ppb)
0
NA
5
80
1
73
ND
40
1
110
2007
2008
No
No
Discharge from
factories; leaching
from gas storage
tanks and landfills.
Byproduct of
drinking water
disinfection.
* If the results of this sample had been above 5 pCi/L, our system would have been required to do additional testing
for radium. Because the results were below 5 pCi/L, no testing for radium was required.
** The MCL for beta particles is 4 mrem/year. EPA considers 50 pCi/L to be the level of concern for beta particles.
Name
Reported Level
Range
Low
High
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring*
Dimethoate (ppb)
0.07
ND
0.07
* Unregulated contaminants monitoring helps EPA to determine where certain contaminants occur and whether it
needs to regulate those contaminants.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
65
April 2010

-------
Contaminants


MCLG


AL


Your
Water
(90th%)
Sample
Date

# of Samples
Exceeding
theAL
Violation


Typical Sources


Inorganic Contaminant
Lead - lead at
consumers tap
(ppb)

0



15



9



2008



Iof20



No



Corrosion of
household plumbing
systems; erosion of
natural deposits.
Data Table Key: Unit Descriptions
mg/L
ppm
ppb
ppt
pCi/L
NA
ND
NR
mg/L: number of milligrams of substance in one liter of water
ppm: parts per million, or milligrams per liter
ppb: parts per billion, or micrograms per liter
ppt: parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
pCi/L: picocuries per liter ( a measure of radioactivity)
NA: not applicable
ND: not detected
NR: monitoring not required, but recommended
Important Drinking Water Definitions
MCLG
MCL
TT
AL
MRDLG
MRDL
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal: The level of a contaminant in drinking water below
which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
Maximum Contaminant Level: This highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in
drinking water. MCLs are set as close as feasible using the best available treatment
technology.
Treatment Technique: A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in
drinking water.
Action Level: The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment
or other requirements which a water systems must follow.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal: The level of a drinking water disinfectant
below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the
benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level: The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in
drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary
for control of microbial contaminants.
Violations and Exceedances: Atrazine

Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties. During
March, April and May a surge in use of atrazine-based herbicides by area farmers caused our
water to exceed the MCL for atrazine. We sent a notice warning you of the problem when it
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
66
April 2010

-------
occurred and offered to provide alternative water to customers at that time. We are working with
the state and local farmers to ensure that this never happens again, and we are monitoring
atrazine levels monthly. We regret exposing you to any potential risk. If you would like more
information about atrazine or the violation call us at 111-2233 or Sample County's health
department at 111-3377.

For More Information Please Contact:

Dan Jones, 111 Main Street,  Sampletown, AK 55555
Phone (999) 111-2233, Fax (999) 111-225
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR               67                                  April 2010

-------
  Water Quality Table, p3
                 Tabla Sobre la Calidad del Agua, p3
  WASD Proudly Introduces the
   2008  Water  Quality   Report
   This report is designed to inform you about the excellent water WASD delivers to you every day. Our
   number one goal is to provide you and your family a safe and dependable supply of drinking
   water. Our nearly 2,700 employees strive to deliver a quality product and protect the
   County's precious water resources.
     To ensure the safety of your water, WASD routinely monitors for contaminants in
   your drinking water according to Federal and State laws, rules and regulations.
   Except where indicated otherwise, this water quality report is based on the
   results of WASD monitoring for the period of January 1, 2008 to December 31,
   2008. Data obtained before January 1, 2008, and presented in this publication
   are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the laws, rules,
   and regulations.
   El  Departamento  de Agua y AlcantariUad
   se  Enorgullece  en  Presentar  el Informe
   del 2008 Sobre la Calidad del Agua
   Este reporte esta disenado para
   presentarle informacion sobre la
   excelente calidad de agua que WASD
   le proporciona dia tras dia. Nuestros
   casi 2,700 empleados se esfuerzan en
   hacerle llegar un producto de calidad
   y en proteger los preciados recursos
   hidricos del Condado.
    De acuerdo con las leyes, reglas
   y regulaciones establecidas por los
gobiernos estatales y federal, WASD
periodicamente lleva a cabo pruebas
para detectar la presencia de conta-
minantes en su agua potable y asi
garantizar la seguridad de su agua.
Excepto donde este indicado de otra
forma, este informe sobre la calidad
del agua esta basado en el analisis
llevado a cabo en el periodo com-
prendido entre el Iro de enero y el 31
de di-
ciembre del
2008. La infoi
macion obtenida
antes del Iro de enero del
2008 presentada en este informe
proviene del examen mas reciente
de acuerdo con las leyes, reglas
y normas.
Rapo sa a gen enfomasyon enpotan sou dlo wap bwe an.
Oswa si w ta pito resevwa rapo sa a an kreyol, tanpri rele (786) 552-8300.
                                           MIAM

-------
               WATER  QUALITY REPORT   2008   INFORME  SOBRE LA  CALIDAD  DEL Al
About  Our  Water,  Where  It  Comes
From  and   How  It's  Treated
Miami-Dade's source of water is groundwater from wells. The wells
draw solely from the Biscayne Aquifer for a large part of WASD's
system. For customers served by the Alexander Orr, Jr. Water
Treatment Plant, the wells supplying this plant draw water mostly
from the Biscayne Aquifer and some water from the Floridan Aquifer.
In 2008 the Department of Environmental Protection performed a Source
Water Assessment on our system. The assessment was conducted to provide
information about any potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of our
wells. There are 92 potential sources of contamination identified for this system
with low to moderate susceptibility levels. The assessment results are available
on the FDEP Source Water Assessment and Protection Program website at
www.dep.state.fl.us/swapp.

How  Our  Water  Is  Treated
The Alexander Orr, Jr. Plant
Water from the Alexander Orr, Jr. plant receives lime
treatment to reduce hardness, and is then disinfected
and filtered. This plant supplies mostly water from the
Biscayne Aquifer blended with some water from the
Floridan Aquifer. The Alexander Orr, Jr. Plant serves
customers who live south of SW 8 Street to about SW
264 Street.

The Hialeah & John E. Preston Plants
Water from WASD's other two regional water treatment
plants—Hialeah and John E. Preston—comes solely
from the Biscayne Aquifer. Together with the Alexan-
der Orr, Jr. plant, all three plants supply treated water
to a common distribution system, running throughout
most of Miami-Dade County.
   In general, the  Hialeah and John E. Preston Plants
treat water that is supplied to residents who live north of
SW 8 Street up to the Miami-Dade/Broward Line.
   Water from the Hialeah plant is treated similarly to
that from the Alexander Orr, Jr.  plant, plus fluoridation
and the addition of air stripping in order to remove vola-
tile organic compounds.
   Because source water supplied to the John E. Pres-
ton plant has a higher level of naturally occurring organ-
ic materials than the water at the other plants, it goes
through a slightly different process called enhanced soft-
ening. It is disinfected, fluoridated and filtered, then it
goes through air stripping towers that remove volatile
organic compounds.  This process has the added benefit
of reducing the yellow tint once present in water supplied
by the Preston plant.

The South Dade Water Supply System
The South Dade Water Supply System is comprised of
five smaller water treatment plants that serve residents
south of SW 264 Street in the unincorporated areas of
the county. These five plants pump treated water from
the Biscayne Aquifer into a common distribution sys-
tem, which is separate from the main system men-
tioned above. Water from these plants is disinfected
and stabilized for corrosion control.
  Highly trained microbiologists, chemists, and water treatment specialists
  conduct or supervise more than 100,000 analyses of water samples each
  year. Water quality samples are collected throughout the county and tested
  regularly. Samples include untreated and treated water taken at our facilities,
  sample sites throughout the service areas and at customers' homes. These
  - -at               *       	
  Nuestro equipo de microbidlogos, quimicos y especialistas altamente entrenados en el
  procesamiento del agua, personalmente analizan o supervisan el analisis de mas de 100,000
  muestras de agua anualmente. Estas muestras del agua de todas las areas del condado
  son recogidos y examinadas regularmente. Las muestras incluyen agua proveniente
  de nuestras plantas, antes y despues del
  tratamiento, de sitios de muestra a lo
  largo y ancho del condado y de
  hogares de consumidores, Estos
  examenes son supervisados
  por diversas agendas         . *
  reguladoras federates,      4,^
  estatales y locales.      Jf^Oi
        Todo

       Sobre  Nuestra

  Agua  Potable  -  De

Donde  Proviene  y

Como  Se  Procesa
La unica fuente de agua potable para Miami-Dade sigue
siendo los pozos subterraneos del manto freatico. Es-
tos pozos derivan su fuente exclusivamente del Manto
Freatico Biscayne para la mayor parte del sistema del
Departamento. Para los clientes que reciben su agua de
la Planta de Procesamiento Alexander Orr, Jr., los pozos
que suministran agua a esta planta derivan su fuente
mayormente del Manto Freatico Biscayne, y en nienor
cuantia, del Manto Freatico Floridan.
  En el 2008 el Departamento de Proteccion Ambiental
efectuo una evaluacion de nuestro sistema. La evalua-
cion fue realizada para proporcionar informacion sobre
la probabilidad de existir alguna fuente de contamina-
cion en la vecindad de nuestros pozos. Se identiflcaron
92 fuentes de contaminacion potenciales en este siste-
ma con niveles entre bajos y moderados de susceptibi-
lidad. Los resultados de la evaluacion estan disponibles
en el sitio web del Departamento de Proteccion Ambien-
tal de la Florida: www.dep.state.fl.us/swapp.


A Cuales Tratamientos Se

Somete Nuestra  Agua Potable
La Planta de Procesamiento
Alexander Orr, Jr.
El agua de la planta Alexander Orr, Jr. recibe tratamien-
to de oxido de calcio para reducir su dureza y luego es
desinfectada y flltrada. Esta planta suministra may-
ormente agua del Manto Freatico Biscayne, la cual se
mezcla con menos cantidad de agua del Manto Freatico
Floridan. La planta Alexander Orr, Jr. presta servicios a
los residentes al sur de la calle 8 del Southwest hasta la
calle 264 del Southwest.

Las Plantas Hialeah y John E. Preston
El agua de las otras dos plantas regionales de procesa-
miento - Hialeah y John E. Preston - precede exclusiva-
mente del Manto Freatico Biscayne. Ellas, junto con la
Planta Alexander Orr, Jr., suministran agua procesada a
un sistema de distribucion comun el cual corre a lo largo
y ancho de la mayor parte del Condado Miami-Dade.
  En general, las plantas Hialeah y John E. Preston pro-
cesan el agua que se suministra a los residentes que
viven al norte de la calle 8 del Southwest hasta la linea
divisoria entre los condados Miami-Dade y Broward.
  El agua de la planta Hialeah recibe el mismo trata-
miento y se le anade fluoruro; ademas se limpia con aire
para remover compuestos organicos volatiles.
  Debido a que la fuente del agua suministrada a la
planta Preston tiene un nivel mas alto de materiales
  organicos que ocurren naturalmente si se le compa-
    ra con el agua de las otras plantas, se le hace un
     proceso ligeramente diferente conocido  como
       "suavizante realzado". Luego se desinfecta,
        fluoriza y flltra.  Despues  pasa a traves de
         la limpieza con aire  para removerle com-
          puestos organicos volatiles. Este nuevo
           proceso tiene el beneflcio  adicional de
           reducir el tinte amarillo antes presente
            en el  agua suministrada por la
            planta Preston.

             El Sistema de Suministro de
             Agua del sur de Miami-Dade
             El sistema de suministro de agua del
             sur de Miami-Dade esta compuesto
             por  cinco  pequenas  plantas  de
             Procesamiento de agua que prestan
             servicios a los residentes al sur
            de la  Calle 264 del suroeste  en el
            area  no  incorporada del condado.
            Estas   cinco  plantas  bombean el
           agua procesada a un sistema comun
          de distribucion, separado  del sistema
          principal.  El  agua  de esas plantas es
        desinfectada  y  flltrada para controlar
       la corrosion.


-------

Miami-Dade Water  & Sewer Department
Listed below are 19 parameters detected in Miami-Dade's water  En la tabla siguiente se kalian 19 parametros detectados en el agua del Condado
during the reporting period. All are below maximum contaminant  Miami-Dade durante el periodo del informe. Todos estan por debajo de los niveles
levels allowed. Not listed are many others we test for, but that  maximos permitidos de contaminantes. La  lista  no  xefleja muchos otros que
were not detected. Unless otherwise noted, all parameters were  examinamos, y que no fueron detectados. De no indicarse lo contrario, todos los
tested in 2008.                                     parametros fueron examinados en el 2008.
FEDERAL FEDERAL <--,-.-,-, YEAR
PARAMETER MCL(a) GOAL (b) ^'^ TESTED
Parametros MCL Federal Meta uri c + + i ^no
(a) Federal (b) MCLbstatal Examinado
MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS Contaminantes Microbiologicos
Total Coliform Bacteria (c)
Totales de Bacterias Coliformes (c)
5%
0 5% 08
MAIN SYSTEM
Sistema Principal
0.5%
SOUTH DADE WATER
SUPPLY SYSTEM
Sistema de Suministro
del Sur de Miami-Dade
0%
AVENTURA
(NORWOOD)
0%
1^1
Naturally presen
Se encuentra natt
DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS Productos Secundarios al Proceso de Desinfectar
Total Trihalomethanes (ppb) (d)
Total Trialometanos (ppb) (d)
Haloacetic Acids (ppb) (d)
Acidos Habaceticos (ppb) (d)
80
60
N/A 80 08
N/A 60 08
30 (3 - 85)
29 (5 - 68)
17 (4 - 55)
11 (4 - 30)
8 (3 - 9)
21 (6 - 26)
Byproduct of dri
Producto secunda
Byproduct of dri
Producto secunda
DISINFECTANTS Desinfectantes
Chloramines (ppm) (e)
Cbraminos (ppm) (e)
Chlorine (ppm) (e)
Cloro (ppm) (e)
MRDL=4.0
MRDL=4.0
MRDLG=4 MRDL=4.0 08
MRDLG=4 MRDL=4.0 08
2.5 (ND- 5.1)
N/A
N/A
1.6 (0.2-3.5)
2.4 (0.1 - 4.0)
N/A
Water additive u
Aditivo utilizado /
Water additive u
Aditivo utilizado /
VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS Contaminantes Organicos Volatiles
cis-1, 2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
cis-1, 2-Dicloroetileno (ppb)
70
70 70 08
ND
ND
0.59 (0.28 - 0.59)
Discharge from i
Desecho de fabric
INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS Contaminantes Inorganicos
Antimony (ppb)
Antimonio (ppb)
Arsenic (ppb)
Arsenico (ppb)
Barium (ppm)
Bario (ppm)
Copper (ppm) (f) (at tap)
Cobre (ppm) (f) (en la Have)
Fluoride (ppm)
Fluoruro (ppm)

Lead (ppb) (f) (at tap)
Plomo (ppb) (f) (en la Have)
Nickel (ppb)
Nfquel (ppb)
Nitrate (as N) (ppm)
Nitrato (como N) (ppm)
Sodium (ppm)
Sodio (ppm)
6
10
2
AL=1.3
4.0

AL=15
NE
10
NE
6 6 08
N/A 10 08
2 2 08
0
1.3 AL=1.3 08/06 (g)
4 4.0 08 (h)

0 AL = 15 08/06 (g)
N/A 100 08
10 10 08
N/A 160 08
ND
1.8 (ND - 1.8)
0.009 (0.006 - 0.009)
.07, 0 homes out of 73
(0%) exceeded AL
0.07, 0 hogaresde 73
(0%) excedieron AL
0.7 (0.2 - 0.7)
2.8, 1 home out of 73
(1.4%) exceeded AL
2.8, 1 hogarde73
(1.4%) excedieron AL
ND
0.8 (ND-0.8)
43 (25 - 43)
0.8 (ND - 0.8)
ND
0.02 (0.01 - 0.02)
0.92, 1 home out of 33
(3.0%) exceeded AL
0.92, 1 hogarde33
(3.0%) excedio AL
0.1
1.2,0 homes out of 33
(0%) exceeded AL
1.2, 0 hogaresde 33
(0%) excedieron AL
1.3 (ND - 1.3)
7(2-7)
22 (13 - 22)
ND
ND
ND
0.73, 0 homes out of
100 (0%) exceeded AL
0.73, 0 hogares de 100
(0%) excedieron AL
1.4 (0.3 - 1.4)
4.0,3 homes out of 100
(3%) exceeded AL
4.0, 3 hogares de 100
(3%) excedieron AL
ND
ND
38
Discharge from f
Desecho de resistt
Erosion of natur;
La erosion de dep.
Erosion of natur;
La erosion de dep.
Corrosion of hou
Corrosion del sistt
Erosion of natur;
Erosion de deposi,

Corrosion of hou
Corrosion del sistt
Corrosion of bror
Corrosion del bror
Erosion of natur;
Erosion de deposi,
Erosion of natur;
Erosion de depos
RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS Contaminantes Radiologicos
Alpha Emitters (pCi/L)
Emisores de Alfa (pCi/L)
Combined Radium (pCi/L)
Radio Combinado (pCi/L)
Uranium (ug/l)
Uranio (ug/L)
15
5
30
0 15 08
0 5 08
0 30 08
3.4 (ND - 3.4)
0.7 (0.2 - 0.7)
ND
8.4 (ND - 8.4)
0.9 (0.4 - 0.9)
1.2 (ND- 1.2)
ND
ND
ND
Erosion of natur;
La erosion de dep.
Erosion of natur;
La erosion de dep.
Erosion of natur;
La erosion de dep.
2008  Radon  Data  Summar
 PARAMETER
 Parametros
  FEDERAL
  MCL (a)
MCL Federal (a)
  FEDERAL
  GOAL (b)
Meta Federal (b)
 STATE
  MCL
MCL Estatal
I   YEAR
  TESTED
Ano Examinado
                SOUTH DADE WATER
 MAIN SYSTEM        SUPPLY SYSTEM         AVENTURA
Sistema Principal    Sistema de Suministro del Sur      (NORWOOD)
                  de Miami-Dade
 Radon (pCi/L)
 Radon (pd/L)
    NE
    NE
   NE
    08
 174 (22 -174)
234 (68 - 234)
ND
Naturally 01
Ocurre natui

-------
                               WATER  QUALITY  REPORT   2008   INFORME  SOBRE  LA  CALIDAD   DEL  AGUA
tin the environment
iralmente en el media ambiente
nking water chlorination
no al procesar el agua potable con doro

nking water chlorination
no al procesar el agua potable con cloro
sed to control microbes
lara controlarmicrobios

sed to control microbes
lara controlar microbios
Definitions  / Definiciones

In the tables to the left, you may find unfamiliar terms and
abbreviations. To help you better understand these terms
we've provided the following definitions. En las tablas a mano
izquieida puede encontrar terminos y abreviaturas descono-
cidos. Para ayudarle a comprender me/or estos terminos le
presentamos las siguientes deSniciones.

Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The highest level of a
contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set
as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available
treatment technology. Maximo nivel de contamination: (MCL,
sus siglas en ingles) - El nivel maximo de un contaminante
que es permitido en el agua potable. Los MCL se Sjan lo mas
oeroa posible de los MCLG, utilizando la mejor teonologia de
tratamiento disponible.

Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG: The level of
a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no
known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a mar-
gin of safety. Objetivo del nivel maximo de un contaminante
(MCLG, sus siglas en ingles) - El nivel de concentration de
un contaminante en el agua potable por debajo del cual no
se conoce o anticipa que produzca  un riesgo a la salud. Los
MCLGs tienen en cuenta un margen de seguridad.

Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant
which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements
that a water system must follow. Nivel de action (AL,  sus
siglas en ingles) -La concentration de un contaminante que,
de ser excedido, provoca elprocesamiento u otro requisite a
seguir por un sistema de agua.

Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL: The high-
est level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is
convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is neces-
sary for control of microbial contaminants. Nivel maximo de un
desinfectante secundario (MRDL, sus siglas en ingles) - El nivel
maximo de un desinfectante permitido en el agua potable. Ex-
ists evidencia convincente de que la adicion de un desinfectante
es necesario para el control de contaminantes microbianos.

Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or MRDLG: The
level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is
no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect
the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial
contaminants. Objetivo del nivel maximo de un desinfectante
residual (MRDLG, sus siglas  en ingles) - El nivel de un desin-
fectante de agua potable por debajo del cual no se conoce o
espera riesgo a la salud. Los  MRDLGs no lefiejan los benefi-
cios del uso de los desinfectantes para controlar contami-
nantes microbianos.

"ND" means not detected and indicates that the substance
was not found by laboratory  analysis. ND - No detectado;
indica  que la sustancia no fue hallada por un analisis
de laboratorio.

Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/1) - one
part by weight of analyte to 1 million parts by weight of the
water sample. Partes por millon (ppm) o miligramos por litro
(mg/1) - una parte por peso de lo analizado a un millon de
partes por peso de la muestra de agua.

Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter (ug/1) - one part
by weight of analyte to 1 billion parts by weight of the water
sample. Partes por mil millones (ppb) o microgramos por litro
(ug/1) - una parte por peso de lo analizado a mil millones  de
partes por peso de la muestra de agua.

picoCurie per liter (pCi/L) - measure of the radioactivity in
water. picoCurie por litro (pd/L) - medida de la radioactivi-
dad del agua.
ndustrial chemical factories
os e industrias de productos qufmicos
ire retardants, electronics, solder
intes alfuego, electronicos, soldadura

il deposits
ositos naturales
)l deposits
ositos naturales
sehold plumbing systems
'ma de plomena del hogar
Abbreviations / Abreviaturas
AL = Action Level Nivel de action
MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level Nivel Maximo
de Contaminante
MRDL = Maximum residual disinfectant level Nivel maximo
del residue desinfectante
MRDLG = Maximum residual disinfectant level goal
Meta para el nivel maximo del residue desinfectante
N/A = Not Applicable No Aplica
ND = Not Detected JVada fue detectado
NE = None Established No esta establecido
pCi/L = picoCuries per Liter picoCuries por Litro
ppb = Parts per billion or micrograms per liter (ug/L)
Particulas por millar de millones o microgramos
por litro (ug/L)
ppm = Parts per million or milligrams per liter (mg/L) Partes
por millon o miligramos por litro (mg/L)
(    ) = Ranges (low - high) are given in parentheses where
applicable Niveles de extension (bajo - alto) son presentados
en parentesis cuando aplica
The value preceding the parentheses is the highest
detected level reported for the monitoring period except for
disinfection byproducts and disinfectants, where the running
annual average is reported. El valor precediendo al parentesis
es el nivel mas alto detectado que fue reportado durante el
periodo del examen, excepto por los desinfectantes y sus
productos secundarios, en cuyo caso se reporta el
promedio anual.
il deposits; water additive which promotes strong teeth
tos naturales; aditivo al agua, el cual promueve dientes sanos
sehold plumbing systems
'ma de plomena del hogar
ize

5% of monthly samples. A minimum of 390 samples for total
coliform bacteria testing are collected each month from the
Main distribution system (55 samples from the South Dade
Water Supply distribution system) in order to demonstrate
compliance with regulations. El nivel maximo de la bacteria
coliforme indica que el agua potable no puede mostrar la
presencia  de dicha bacteria en > 5% de las muestras men-
suales. De acuerdo con las regulaciones establecidas, un
minimo de 390 muestras para un total de la bacteria coliforme
son recogidas mensualmente del sistema principal de distri-
bution (55 muestras del sistema de suministro de agua del
sur de Miami-Dade).

(d) A total of 48 samples for Total Trihalomethane and
Haloacetic Acid testing are collected per year from the Main
distribution system (20 samples from the South Dade Water
Supply distribution system, and 8 from the Aventura dis-
tribution system) in order to demonstrate compliance with
State regulations. Compliance is based on a running annual
average. This is the value which precedes the parentheses.
De acuerdo con las regulaciones establecidas, un total de 48
muestras por sistema principal de distribution (20 muestras
del sistema de distribution del sur del condado Miami-Dade,
y 8 del sistema de distribution de Aventura) son revisadas
anualmente para medir el total de Trialometano y Acido
Haloacetico. Las exigencias para estar de acuerdo con las re-
gulaciones establecidas se basan en el promedio anual. Esto
se lefleja en las tifras colocadas antes del parentesis.

(e) Compliance is based on a running annual average,
computed quarterly from monthly samples collected during
total coliform bacteria testing. El cumplimiento se basa  en
un promedio anual corriente, computado trimestralmente
de muestras recogidas mensualmente durante las pruebas
totales de bacteria coliforme.
(f) 90th percentile value reported. If the 90th percentile value
does not exceed the AL (i.e., less than 10% of the homes have
levels above the AL), the system is in compliance and is
utilizing the prescribed corrosion control measures. El 90 por
ciento del valor fue reportado. Si el 90por ciento no excede el
AL, {por consiguiente, menos del 10% de los hogares tienen
niveles por encima del AL}, el sistema esta de acuerdo con
las regulaciones y esta utilizando las medidas prescritas de
controlar la corrosion.

(g) The 08/06 data presented for the Main System, Aventura, and
South Dade System respectively is from the most recent testing
conducted in accordance with regulations. These systems are
under reduced monitoring which only requires testing every 3
years. Los datos delos anos 2008 y 2006 {08/06} presentados por
el sistema principal, el sistema de Aventura, y por el sistema de
distribution del sur de Miami-Dade respectivamente, son de los
examenes mas recientes llevados a cabo en acuerdo con las regu-
laciones. Estos sistemas requieren ser inspeccionados solamente
cada 3 anos.

(h) Fluoride testing to demonstrate compliance with State
regulations is required  every 3 years in accordance with the
State's monitoring framework. However, fluoride levels are
monitored daily for the  Main System treatment plants where
fluoride is added to promote strong teeth. Pruebas de fluoiuio
para demostrar concordantia con las regulaciones estata-
les son requeridas cada 3 anos. Sin embargo, en el sistema
principal, donde se anade fluoiuio para promover dentaduras
fuertes, los niveles de fluoiuio son examinados diariamente.
As you can see by the tables, our system had no violations.
We're proud that your drinking water meets or exceeds all
Federal and State requirements.
Como puedo observar en las tablas en este informe, WASD
no ha incurrido ninguna violation. WASD se enorgullece
en reportar que su agua potable reune o supera todos los
requisites Federates y Estatales.

-------
                    WATER  QUALITY  REPORT   2008   INFORME  SOBRE  LA  CALIDAD  DEL  AGUA
Additional Information

About  Your Water

The sources of drinking water (both tap water and
bottled water)  include rivers, lakes,  streams, ponds,
reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves
naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radio-
active material, and can pick up substances resulting
from the presence of animals or from human activity.
   Contaminants  that  may  be present in source
water include:
• Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacte-
  ria, which may come from sewage treatment plants,
  septic systems,  agricultural  livestock operations,
  and wildlife.
• Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals,
  which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban
  stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater
  discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.
• Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a
  variety of sources such as agriculture, urban storm-
  water runoff,  and residential uses.
• Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic
  and  volatile organic chemicals, which are by-prod-
  ucts of industrial processes and petroleum produc-
  tion, and can also come from gas stations, urban
  stormwater runoff, and septic systems.
• Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally
  occurring or  be the result of oil and gas production
  and mining activities.
In order to ensure that tap  water is
safe to drink,  the EPA prescribes
regulations, which limit the amount
of certain contaminants in  water
provided by public water systems.
The Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)  regulations establish  limits
for contaminants in bottled water,
which must provide  the same pro-
tection for public health.
   Drinking water, including bottled
water,  may reasonably be expected
to contain at least small amounts of
some  contaminants. The presence
of contaminants does not necessar-
ily indicate that the water poses  a
health risk. More information about
contaminants and potential  health
effects can be obtained by calling
the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at
1-800-426-4791.
Mas  Informacion

Sobre Su Agua

Las fuentes de agua potable (tanto agua corriente como
embotellada) incluyen rios,  lagos, riachuelos, lagunas,
represas, manantiales y pozos. A medida que el agua
se desplaza sobre la superflcie de la tierra o a traves de
los terrenes, disuelve minerales naturales y en algunos
cases materiales radiactivos y puede recoger sustancias
que resultan de la presencia humana y de animates.
  Los contaminantes que pudieran encontrarse en las
fuentes de agua incluyen:
• Contaminantes microbianos, tales como virus  y bacte-
  rias que pueden provenir de plantas de  tratamiento de
  aguas negras, sistemas septicos, empresas agricolas y
  de ganado, y tambien de la fauna.
• Contaminantes inorganicos, tales como sales y met-
  ales, que  pueden ocurrir naturalmente o como resul-
  tado de aguas pluviales en zonas urbanas, de descar-
  gas industrials  o  domesticas de aguas albanales,
  de la produccion de petroleo o gas, de la mineria y de
  la agricultura.
• Pesticidas y herbicidas, que pueden venir de una varie-
  dad de fuentes como, la agricultura, las aguas pluviales
  en zonas urbanas y usos residenciales.
• Contaminantes quimicos  organicos, incluyendo pro-
  ductos quimicos  organicos sinteticos y volatiles que
  tambien pueden venir de estaciones de gasolina,
  escurrimiento de aguas pluviales de zonas urbanas y
  sistemas septicos.
• Contaminantes radiactivos, los cuales pueden ocurrir
  naturalmente o ser el resultado de la produccion de gas o
  petroleo o de actividades mineras.

 Para poder cerciorarse de  que el agua de la Have se
           pueda beber, la EPA hace recomendacio-
             nes que limitan la cantidad de ciertos
             contaminantes que puede hallarse en
             el agua suministrada por los sistemas
             publicos de  agua. Las normas de la Ad-
             ministracion de Alimentos y Farmacos
             o FDA (sus siglas en ingles) establecen
             limites maximos de la cantidad de con-
             taminantes  que pueden hallarse en
             el agua embotellada, la cual debe sum-
            inistrar la misma proteccion  para la
            salud publica.
              Razonablemente,  el  agua  potable,
            incluyendo el agua embotellada, pue-
            de  contener pequenas cantidades de
            ciertos materiales contaminantes. La
            presencia  de contaminantes no indica
            necesariamente que el agua presente
            un riesgo para la salud. Mas informacion
            sobre los contaminantes y sus  posibles
            efectos contra la salud esta disponible
           llamando a la Agencia de Proteccion Am-
           bientalal 1-800-426-4791.
   For  Customers  with  Special  Health  Concerns
  Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immu-
  no-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have under-
  gone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants
  can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their
  health care providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Crypto-
  sporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at
  1-800-426-4791.


   Para   los Consumidores  con

   Preocupaciones   Especiales  de  Salud
  Puede ser que algunas personas sean mas vulnerables a los contaminantes hallados en el agua potable que la
  poblacion en general. Las personas con sistemas inmunologicos afectados por diversas razones como los paci-
  entes de cancer recibiendo tratamiento de quimioterapia, personas que han recibido un transplante de organo,
  personas con VIH(Virus de la inmunodeflciencia humana)/SIDA u otra enfermedad del sistema inmunologico,
  algunas personas mayores y ninos pueden tener mayor riesgo de infeccion.  Estas personas deben consultar el
  uso de agua potable con su medico. Las pautas del EPA/CDC sobre las maneras apropiadas de reducir el riesgo
  de infeccion de Cryptoesporidios y otros contaminantes microbiologicos estan disponibles a traves de la linea
  de informacion sobre la seguridad del agua potable al 1-800-426-4791.
     Miami-Dade WASD tests its water more than 100,000 times a year to ensure it
    consistently meets state and federal standards for both appearance and safety.
  El Departamento de Agua y Alcantarillado de Miami-Dade examina el agua mas
    de 100,000 veces al ano para asegurar que continuamente alcanza las metas
                     estatales y federales de seguridad y aspecto.
WHAtS
ON    TAP?
            Thirsty for more information
              about your water?
       Call us at any of the numbers listed below
  Public Affairs....                ,...786-552-
  Alexander Orr Laboratory	305-275-3170
  (Residents south of SW 8 Street)
                             .305-520-4738
John E. Preston Laboratory	
(Residents north ofSW 8 Street)
             www. miamidade. go v/wasd

     For additional information regarding water quality or health
  effects information in the local area, residents are encouraged
  to call the Department of Environmental Resources Manage-
  ment at (305) 372-6524 or the Florida Department of Health's
  Miami-Dade County Environmental Health Office at (305)
  623-3500. Also, the Miami-Dade County Board of County
  Commissioners, charged with making decisions relating to the
  Department, meets regularly on Tuesdays and Thursdays at
  the Stephen P. Clark Center located in downtown Miami.

                                                                                                                Carlos Alvarez
                                                                                                                   Mayor
     BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS

                 Dennis C. Moss
                   Chairman
                Jose "Pepe" Dfaz
                  Vice Chairman
     Barbara]. Jordan
     District 1
     Dorrin D. Rolle
     District 2
     Audrey M. Edmonson
     Districts
     Sally A. Heyman
     District 4
     Bruno A Barreiro
     Districts
     Rebeca Sosa
     District 6
     Carlos A Gimenez
     District 7
                           Katy Sorenson
                               District 8
                          Dennis C. Moss
                               District 9
                      Senator Javier D. Souto
                              District 10
                          Joe A Martinez
                              District 11
                         Jose "Pepe" Dfaz
                              District 12
                           Natacha Seijas
                              District 13
                 Harvey Ruvin
                  Clerk of Courts
                George M. Burgess
                  County Manager
                Robert A Cuevas Jr.
                  County Attorney
               John W. Renfrew, P.E.
          Director, Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department
                                                           iSediento por mas informacion
                                                              acerca de su agua?
                                                     Llamenos a cualquiera de los siguientes numeros:

                                                  Relaciones Publicas	786-552-8088

                                                  Laboratorio de la Planta Alexander Orr, Jr.	305-275-3170
                                                  (Residentes al sur de la Calle 8 del SW)
                                                  Laboratorio de la Planta John £ Preston...305-520-4738
                                                  (Residentes al norte de la Calle 8 del SW)

                                                            www.miamidade.gov/wasd
                                                     Otras fuentes de informacion sobre la calidad del agua y
                                                  sobre los riesgos para la salud en la zona local son: El De-
                                                  partamento de Administracion de Recursos Ambientales:
                                                  305-372-6524 y la Oficina de Salud Ambiental del Condado
                                                  Miami-Dade del Departamento de Salud de la Florida: 305-
                                                  623-3500. Ademas, la Junta de Comisionados del Condado
                                                  Miami-Dade, la cual es responsable de tomar decisiones
                                                  relativas al departamento, se reune regulannente los martes y
                                                  jueves en el Centro Stephen P. Clark ubicado en el downtown
                                                  de Miami.

-------
             WATER  QUALITY REPORT   2008   INFORME  SOBRE  LA  CALIDAD  DEL  AGUA
What  Should  You
 Know  About  Certain
Contaminants?
Radon
Radon 222, or radon for short, is a colorless, odorless gas that occurs naturally in soil,
air and water. Radon is formed from the radioactive decay products of natural uranium
that is found in many soils. Most radon in indoor air comes from the soils below the
foundation of the home, and in some locations can accumulate to dangerous levels in
the absence of proper ventilation. In most homes, the health risk from radon in drink-
ing water is very small compared to the health risk from radon in indoor air. For more
information, call the EPA's Radon Hotline at 1-800-SOS-RADON.
   We have detected radon in the finished water supply,  as noted in the Radon
Data Summary table on page 3. There is currently no federal regulation for radon
levels in drinking water. Exposure to air-transmitted radon over a long period of
time may cause adverse health effects.

Cryptosporidium
WASD first tested for  Cryptosporidium  in 1993 and has continued  testing
monthly since 1994. To date, neither Cryptosporidium nor Giardia - another pro-
tozoan - have been found in the source water supplying WASD's water treat-
ment plants.

Nitrate
Although the level of nitrate (refer to the table on water quality data, p. 3) is consis-
tently below the health effect level, the EPA requires the following information be
included in this report: "Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health
risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water
can cause blue-baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of
time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant, you
should ask advice from your health care provider."

Lead
If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially
for pregnant women and young children.  Lead in drinking water is primarily
from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumb-
ing. WASD  is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot
control the variety of materials used in plumbing compo-
nents. When your water has been sitting for sev-
eral hours,  you can minimize the potential
for lead exposure by flushing your tap for
30 seconds to 2 minutes before using
water for drinking or cooking. If you
are concerned about lead in your
water, you  may wish  to have
your water tested. Information
on lead  in drinking water,
testing  methods, and steps
you can take  to minimize
exposure is available from
the  Safe  Drinking  Water
Hotline at  1-800-426-4791
or at http://www.epa.gov/
safewater/lead.
                                   iQue  deberia   saber
                                   sobre  ciertos
                                   contaminantes?
                                   Radon
                                   Radon 222, mejor conocido simplemente como Radon, es un gas inodoro e incoloro
                                   que ocurre naturalmente en la tierra, el aire y el agua. El radon proviene del des-
                                   perdicio radiactivo de productos de uranio natural que se encuentran en muchas
                                   tierras. La mayoria del radon en el aire interior viene de las tierras debajo de los
                                   cimientos del hogar y, en algunas zonas puede llegar a acumularse en niveles pe-
                                   ligrosos si no hay ventilacion apropiada. En la mayoria de los hogares, el riesgo a
                                   la salud presentado por el radon en el agua potable es muy pequeno, comparable
                                   al riesgo para la salud presentado por el Radon del aire interior. Para obtener mas
                                   informacion, llame a la linea sobre el radon de la EPA por el 1-800-SOS-RADON.
                                     Como aparece en la tabla de informacion acerca del Radon en la pagina 3, esta
                                   sustancia ha sido hallada en el punto final del suministro de agua. En la actualidad,
                                   las reglas federates no han dictado un nivel del radon en el agua potable. Estar ex-
                                   puesto durante un largo periodo de tiempo a gases de radon emitidos a traves del
                                   aire puede causar efectos adversos de salud..

                                   Crip toesp oridio
                                   En 1993 el Departamento comenzo a hacer pruebas para detectar criptoesporidio. A
                                   partir del ano 1994, estos examenes se llevan a cabo mensualmente. Hasta la fecha,
                                   no se ha encontrado ni criptoesporidio ni giardia, otro protozoo, en la fuente de agua
                                   que suministra a las plantas de tratamiento del Departamento.

                                   Nitrato
                                   Aunque el nivel de nitrato, (por favor, refierase a la tabla sobre la calidad del agua
                                   en la pagina 3), esta reiteradamente por debajo de la concentracion en que puede
                                   tener algun efecto danino para la salud, la EPA requiere que proveamos la siguiente
                                   informacion: "El nitrato, en concentraciones de 10 ppm o mas, en el agua potable,
                                   constituye un riesgo a la salud de bebes de menos de seis meses de edad. Altos
                                   niveles de Nitrato puedan causar el sindrome de "Bebe Azul" o "Blue Baby". Los
                                   niveles de Nitrato pueden subir rapidamente por cortos periodos de tiempo de-
                                   bido a un aumento de lluvia o de actividad agricola. Si usted cuida de un bebe,
                                   le recomendamos que consulte con su medico".

                                   Plomo
                                    De estar presente, niveles elevados de plomo pueden causar problemas graves
                                        de salud, especialmente para mujeres embarazadas y ninos pequenos. El
                                           plomo en el agua potable deriva principalmente de materias y com-
                                             ponentes asociados con lineas de servicio y tuberias en el hogar.
                                               WASD es responsable de proporcionar agua potable de alta cali-
                                                 dad pero no puede controlar la variedad de materiales utiliza-
                                                  dos en los componentes de cada sistema de plomeria. Si sus
                                                   Haves han estado cerradas por varias horas, usted puede
                                                    disminuir el potencial de haber estado expuesta al plomo
                                                     dejando correr la Have entre 30 segundos a 2 minutos an-
                                                     tes de utilizar el agua para beber o cocinar. Si tiene algu-
                                                     na preocupacion acerca del posible contenido de plomo
                                                     en su agua potable puede examinarla. Informacion sobre
                                                     la existencia de plomo en el agua potable, metodos  para
                                                     examinarla y pasos  que  puede tomar para reducir las
                                                     probabilidades que esto ocurra estan disponible a traves
                                                     de la Linea Directa del Agua al 1-800-426-4791 o en el si-
                                                    tio: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.
enBy lap pepi]eo  e-\ 8jqo$
                                                                                      3902
                                                                                                                                      •IMVIM

-------
    Water Quality
        Treatment
        Sampling
       Monitoring
  Department of Public Works
Helena Water Treatment Division
        American Water Works

-------
2009 Consumer Confidence

Water Quality Report

The City of Helena Public Water System
Identification, (PWSID) Number MT0000241
currently serves 8100 residential and 2152
commercial water accounts with a yearly
average of 5.2 million gallons of water each
day.  Water is supplied to fire hydrants to
ensure the safety of homes and businesses.
Last year, the Water Treatment Division
produced a total of 1.9 billion gallons of
water with a maximum production of 12.7
million gallons on a single day.  The City of
Helena's Source Water Protection Plan for
Public Water System can be viewed on the
DEQ Web Site
http://nris.state.mt.us/wis/swap/SwapQuery.a
sp_
 This year the City will complete the 1.5
million gallon clear well for disinfection and
a new energy efficient High Zone Pumping
Station at MRTP to improve reliability,
maintain regulatory compliance, and meet
future growth needs.  The City's Utility
Maintenance Division will replace sections of
deteriorated water mains to improve system
dependability, and reduce water loss due to
leakage.

Water System — To meet Helena's water
needs, the City's Water Treatment Division
operates two surface water treatment plants;
the Missouri River Treatment Plant (MRTP)
east of Helena and the Tenmile Water
Treatment Facility west of Helena.
Additional water is produced from the Eureka
Well located at Cruise and Park Avenues.
This pure groundwater source does not
require further treatment.

Water Treatment - This process consists of
a series of steps to refine the quality of the
source or raw water.  Chemicals are added to
the raw water causing small particles to
adhere to each other making them heavy
enough to settle into a basin or collect on
special media.  The particles are then flushed
to waste lagoons.  Next the water is filtered
through layers of fine anthracite coal filters
and silicate sand removing suspended
particles. During filtration, turbidity is
removed and clear water emerges. Prior to the
water being sent to the distribution system, a
small amount of chlorine is added to ensure
the water remains free of any virus or
bacteria. These treatment processes are
manned and operated by a team of highly
trained, state certified water treatment
professionals, and assisted by computerized
supervisor control and data acquisition
systems. (SCADA)

Sampling - Regular sampling and testing is
an important assurance of the quality of water
and includes the following:
Daily:     Chlorine Residuals, Turbidity, pH,
           Temperature and Color (NTU)
Weekly:   Bacteria (total coliform)
Quarterly: Trihalomethanes, Haloaecetic
          Acids
Yearly:   Inorganics, Volatile Organic
           Contaminants, Nitrates
3 years   Lead & Copper
4 years   Radioactivity

If present, elevated levels of lead can cause
serious health problems especially for
pregnant women and young children. Lead
in drinking water is primarily from materials
and components associated with service lines
and home plumbing.  The City of Helena is
responsible for providing high quality
drinking water, but can not control the variety
of materials used in plumbing components.
When your water has been sitting for several
hours, you can minimize the potential for
lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30
seconds to 2 minutes before using water for
drinking or cooking. If you are concerned
about lead in your water, you may wish to
have your water tested.  Information on lead
in drinking water, testing methods, and steps
you can take to minimize exposure is
available from the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline 1-800-426-4791 or
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas
in the earth's crust. It is soluble in water and
is tasteless, colorless and odorless.  Helena's
surface and ground water sources detection
ranged from 220 pCi\ 1 to 1770 pCi/L . The
U.S. EPA is proposing a MCL of 300 pCi\L
in drinking water with an alternative MCL of
4000 pCiYL for systems that implement a
Multi-Media Mitigation Program. There is
no federal regulation for radon levels in
drinking water as of this printing. Exposure
to air transmitted radon over a long period of
time may cause adverse health effects. For
additional information call the state radon
program at 444-5318 or EPA's Radon
Hotline (1-800-SOS-RADON).

Monitoring - Both, Energy Laboratories,
Inc. & Alpine Analytical Inc. in Helena are at
the heart of our quality assurance program.
Their independent testing by certified
chemists and technicians follows precise
procedures established by  the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Turbidity is a measure of the clarity of
water.  We monitor this as an indicator of the
effectiveness of our filtration system.

pH is an expression of the basic or acidic
condition of a liquid.  The pH scale ranges
from 0 to 14.  Neutral being 7, the most
acidic is 0 the most caustic is 14.  Natural
waters typically have a pH between 6.8 and
8.5. The pH in our system has a pH of 7.2 to
8.5

Hardness is a natural characteristic of water
caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium.
 The Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is
300 mg/L.
Tenmile   24.67 mg/L   1.7 grains/gal
MRTP   135.71 mg/L  9.5 grains/gal
Eureka   232.00 mg/L 16.8 grains/gal

Listed below are the substances that were
detected and analyzed by  Energy Lab Inc.
for the Helena Water Treatment Division.
The maximum contaminated levels (MCL)
apply to the water within our distribution
system, after treatment, including
groundwater sources.   The U.S. EPA and the
State of Montana have established MCL's at
levels that assure public health and safety
with a very low risk of health impacts.

-------
This table shows the results of our monitoring for the period of January 1 to December 31, 2008.




    Tenmile Water Treatment Plant, MRTP, Hale/Eureka Water Sources
TEST RESULTS
Contaminant
Violation
Y/N
Sample
Date
Highest
Level
Detected
Range
Detected/
RAA
Unit
Measure
MCLG
MCL
Likely Source
of Contamination
Microbiological Contaminants
1. Turbidity
Tenmile
MRTP
2. Total Organic Carbon
Tenmile
MRTP
3. Chlorine Residual
Tenmile
N
N
N
N
N
May 28,08
Jun 06 08
Jun08
Jun 08
May 08
0.35
0.28
7.3
3.9
2.0

.93-7.3
(RAA 3. 54)
2.1-3.9
(RAA 3.1)
0.2-2.0
(RAA 0.75)
NTU
ppm
ppm
NA
NA
MRDLG=4
TT = <0.3
NTU 95%
of the time
TT= 1
NTU max
TT
MRDL=4
Soil run off.
Naturally present in the
environment.
Water additive to control
microbes.
Inorganic Contaminates
4. Arsenic
Tenmile
MRTP
Hale / Eureka
5. Copper
90th percentile of 30 samples
taken
6. Lead
90th percentile of 30 samples
taken
7. Nitrate + Nitrite as N
Tenmile
MRTP
Hale / Eureka
8. Fluoride
Tenmile
MRTP
Hale / Eureka
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Jul 17, 08
Jul 17, 08
Jul 17, 08
Apr 21, 06
Apr 21, 06
Jul 17, 08
Jul 17, 08
May 16 08
Jul 26, 07
Jul 26, 07
Jul 17, 08
1.0
2.0
2.0
0.29
4
ND
ND
1.38
0.20
0.8
0.30





ppb
ppm
ppb
ppm
ppm
NA
1.3
0
10
4
10
AL=1.3
AL=15
10
4
Erosion of natural
deposits; runoff from
orchards; runoff from
glass and electronics
production wastes
Corrosion of household
plumbing systems;
erosion of natural
deposits; leaching from
wood preservatives.
Corrosion of household
plumbing systems;
erosion of natural
deposits.
Runoff from fertilizer use;
leaching from septic
tanks, sewage;
erosion of natural
deposits.
Volatile Organic Contaminants (voc's)
9. Total Trihalomethanes
Tenmile
MRTP
Hale/Eureka
10. Total Haloacetic Acid
Tenmile
MRTP
Hale/Eureka
N
N
N
N
N
N
May 08
Jun 08
Nov08
Feb08
Jun 08
Oct08
84
100
5
50
40
1
48-84 (RAA 61)
36- 100 (RAA 65)
4-7 (RAA 5)
3 1-50 (RAA 38)
29-40 (RAA 34)
0-1 (RAA 1)
ppb
ppb
NA
NA
80.0
RAA
60.0
RAA
By-product of drinking
water chlorination.
By-product of drinking
water chlorination

-------
*Abbreviated Definitions:
AL
NA
ND
TT
ppm or mg/L
ppb or ug/L
NTU
pCi/L
MCL
MCLG
MRDL
MRDLG
RAA
Action level. The concentration of a contaminant, which if exceeded, triggers treatment or other
requirements.
Not Available.
No Detection.
Treatment Technique. Required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
Parts Per Million. One part per million corresponds to one minute in two years.
Parts Per Billion. One part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years.
Nephelometric Turbidity Unit. A measure of the clarity of water. Turbidity in excess of 5 NTU is just
noticeable to the average person.
Picocuries per liter— measure of radioactivity in water.
Maximum Contaminant Level. Highest allowable amount of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking
water.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. Level of a contaminant in drinking water below which no known or
expected risk to health exists. MCLG's allow for a margin of safety
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level. The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water.
There is convincing evidence that the addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial
contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal. The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there
is no known or expected risk to health.
Running Annual Average.
All sources of drinking water are
subject to potential contamination
by constituents that are naturally
occurring or man made.  Those
constituents can be microbes,
organic or inorganic chemicals, or
radioactive materials.  All drinking
water, including bottled water, may
reasonably be expected to contain at
least small amounts of some
contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily
indicate that the water poses a
health risk. More information about
contaminants and potential health
effects can be obtained by calling
the U.S. EPA's Safe Drinking
Water Hotline.

Some people may be more
vulnerable to contaminants in
drinking water than others.
Immuno-compromised persons such
as persons undergoing
chemotherapy, persons who have
undergone organ transplants, people
with HIV/AIDS or other immune
system disorders, the elderly, and
infants can be particularly at risk
from infections.  These people
should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care
providers. The EPA and Centers
for Disease Control guidelines on
appropriate means to lessen the risk
of infection by Cryptosporidium
and other microbiological
contaminants are available from the
Safe Drinking Water Hotline

In September 2008, The Department
of Environmental Quality  issued a
noncompliance for monitoring due
to a sampling procedural error. On
September 3rd, 2008 The City of
Helena pulled a bacteriological
sample and received a false
positive. On average, the City
collects 33 samples a month. In
September we had over 50 samples
analyzed by 2 independent labs to
verify that the City's water was
indeed safe and not contaminated
with bacteria. A Public notice was
advertised as required by the
regulatory agency.

If you have any questions about this
report or concerning your water
utility, please contact Donald Clark,
Water/Wastewater Treatment
Superintendent at 457-8556, or
e-mail dclark@ci.helena.mt.us. To
leam more about the City of Helena
and the City's Water Utility, visit
our web site at
http://www.ci.helena.mt.us/.

Prepared March 30th
Julie Muscutt, Certified Operator II
Jason Fladland, Water Supervisor
Reviewed and approved by
Lynora Rogstad, Coordinator
Don Clark, Water Superintendent

-------
                              This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR                78                                     April 2010

-------
Appendix F - Regulated  Contaminants

(From Appendix A of Part 141, Subpart O dated June 2009)

The most recent version of Appendix A to Subpart O can be found on EPA's Web site at
www. epa. gov/safewater/ccr/regulations.html.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR              79                              April 2010

-------
Appendix A to Subpart O - Regulated Contaminants
Key
      AL=Action Level
      MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level
      MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
      MFL=million fibers per liter
      MRDL=Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
                                 mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation
                                    absorbed by the body)
                                 n/a=Not Applicable
                                 NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units (a measure of
                                    water clarity)
                                                                ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L)
                                                                ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (|ig/L)
                                                                ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
                                                                ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
                                                                TT=Treatment Technique
      MRDLG=Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal   pCi/L=picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
Contaminant (units)
 Traditional
   MCLin
    mg/L
To convert
 for CCR,
multiply by
MCLin
  CCR
  units
MCLG
Major Sources in Drinking
          Water
Health Effects Language
Microbiological Contaminants
Total Coliform Bacteria
MCL: (systems that collect > 40 samples/
month) 5% of monthly samples are positive;
(systems that collect < 40 samples/ month) 1
positive monthly sample
                                   Naturally present in the environment
                                                       Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the
                                                       environment and are used as an indicator that other,
                                                       potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms
                                                       were found in more samples than allowed and this was a
                                                       warning of potential problems.
Fecal coliform and E.
coli
                                                   Human and animal fecal waste
                                                                     Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence
                                                                     indicates that the water may be contaminated with human
                                                                     or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause
                                                                     short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea,
                                                                     headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special
                                                                     health risk for infants, young children, and people with
                                                                     severely-compromised immune systems.
Fecal Indicators
(enterococci or
coliphage)
     TT
                 TT
             n/a
          Human and animal fecal waste
                               Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates
                               that the water may be contaminated with human or
                               animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-
                               term health effect, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea,
                               headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special
                               health risk for infants, young children, some of the
                               elderly, and people with severely compromised immune
                               systems.
Total Organic Carbon
(ppm)
     TT
                 TT
             n/a     Naturally present in the environment
                                            Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects.
                                            However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the
                                            formation of disinfection byproducts. These byproducts
                                            include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids
                                            (HAAs). Drinking water containing these byproducts in
                                            excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects,
                                            liver, or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and
                                            may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                                                        80
                                                                                                            April 2010

-------
Traditional To conven
MCL in for CCR,
Contaminant (units) mg/L multiply b
Turbidity (NTU) TT
t MCL in
CCR Major Sources in Drinking
y units MCLG Water
TT n/a Soil runoff
Health Effects Language
Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can
interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for
microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of
disease-causing organisms. These organisms include
bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea and associated
headaches.
Radioactive Contaminants
Beta/photon emitters A ,
. , . 4 mrem/yr
(mrem/yr)
Alpha emitters (pCi/L) 15pCi/L
Combined radium , „ . „
(pCi/L) 5pCl/L
Uranium (PCi/L) 30 |ig/L
, „ Decay of natural and man-made
deposits
15 0 Erosion of natural deposits
5 0 Erosion of natural deposits
30 0 Erosion of natural deposits
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of
radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some
people who drink water containing beta and photon
emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of
radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who
drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or
228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing uranium in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity.
Inorganic Contaminants
Antimony (ppb) .006 1000
Arsenic (ppb) '0.010 1000
Asbestos (MFL) 7 MFL
Discharge from petroleum refineries;
6 6 fire retardants; ceramics; electronics;
solder
Erosion of natural deposits; Runoff
1 1 0 '0 from orchards; Runoff from glass and
electronics production wastes
j rj Decay of asbestos cement water
mains; Erosion of natural deposits
Some people who drink water containing antimony well
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood
sugar.
Some people who drink water containing arsenic in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
skin damage or problems with their circulatory system,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing asbestos in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.
 These arsenic values are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the MCL is 0.05 mg/L and there is no MCLG.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
81
April 2010

-------
Contaminant (units)
Traditional
  MCLin
   mg/L
To convert
 for CCR,
multiply by
MCLin
  CCR
  units
MCLG
Major Sources in Drinking
          Water
Health Effects Language
Barium (ppm)
                                                  Discharge of drilling wastes;
                                                  Discharge from metal refineries;
                                                  Erosion of natural deposits
                                                                     Some people who drink water containing barium in
                                                                     excess of the MCL over many years could experience an
                                                                     increase in their blood pressure.
Beryllium (ppb)
    .004
    1000
                     Discharge from metal refineries and
                     coal-burning factories; Discharge
                     from electrical, aerospace, and
                     defense industries
                                            Some people who drink water containing beryllium well
                                            in excess of the MCL over many years could develop
                                            intestinal lesions.
Bromate (ppb)
    .010
    1000
   10
          By-product of drinking water
          disinfection
                               Some people who drink water containing bromate in
                               excess of the MCL over many years may have an
                               increased risk of getting cancer.
Cadmium (ppb)
    .005
    1000
                     Corrosion of galvanized pipes;        „        ,    ,   j •  ,          ^ •  •     j  •    •
                     ^   .    <-  ?  i .     •.   TV i      Some people who drink water containing cadmium in
                     Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge       ^ ,,*,  ,,„,                   ,,
                     f      ,  ,  „.    •   T>    trr        excess of the MCL over many years could expenence
                     from metal refineries; Runoff from     . .,    ,                 JJ            r
                        ,  ,     .      ,   .               kidney damage.
                     waste battenes and paints
Chloramines (ppm)        MRDL=4
                             MRDL=4
                         MRDLG  Water additive used to control
                            =4     microbes
                                                       Some people who use water containing chloramines well
                                                       in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects
                                                       to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water
                                                       containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL
                                                       could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
Chlorine (ppm)
 MRDL=4
              MRDL=4
           MRDLG   Water additive used to control
              =4     microbes
                                            Some people who use water containing chlorine well in
                                            excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to
                                            their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water
                                            containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could
                                            experience stomach discomfort.
Chlorine Dioxide (ppb)    MRDL=. 8
                   1000
               MRDL    MRDLG  Water additive used to control
                =800      =800    microbes
                                                       Some infants and young children who drink water
                                                       containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could
                                                       experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may
                                                       occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water
                                                       containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL.
                                                       Some people may experience anemia.
Chlorite (ppm)
                                                  By-product of drinking water
                                                  disinfection
                                                                     Some infants and young children who drink water
                                                                     containing chlorite in excess of the MRDL could
                                                                     experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may
                                                                     occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water
                                                                     containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people
                                                                     may experience anemia.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                                                      82
                                                                                                            April 2010

-------
Traditional To conven
MCL in for CCR,
Contaminant (units) mg/L multiply b
Chromium (ppb) .1 1000
Copper (ppm) AL=1.3
Cyanide (ppb) .2 1000
Fluoride (ppm) 4
Lead (ppb) AL=.015 1000
Mercury [inorganic]
(Ppb)
Nitrate (ppm) 10
t MCL in
CCR Major Sources in Drinking
y units MCLG Water
1 00 1 on Discharge from steel and pulp mills;
Erosion of natural deposits
AT-I -3 i -3 Corrosion of household plumbing
systems; Erosion of natural deposits
Discharge from steel/metal factories;
200 200 Discharge from plastic and fertilizer
factories
Erosion of natural deposits; Water
. . additive which promotes strong teeth;
Discharge from fertilizer and
aluminum factories
.,,. „ Corrosion of household plumbing
systems; Erosion of natural deposits
Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge
2 2 from refineries and factories; Runoff
from landfills; Runoff from cropland
Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching
10 10 from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of
natural deposits
Health Effects Language
Some people who use water containing chromium well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
allergic dermatitis.
Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who
drink water containing copper in excess of the action
level over a relatively short amount of time could
experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who
drink water containing copper in excess of the action
level over many years could suffer liver or kidney
damage. People with Wilson's Disease should consult
their personal doctor.
Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.
Some people who drink water containing fluoride in
excess of the MCL over many years could get bone
disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones.
Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may
cause mottling of children's teeth, usually in children less
than nine years old. Mottling also known as dental
fluorosis, may include brown staining and/or pitting of
the teeth., and occurs only in developing teeth before they
erupt from the gums.
Infants and children who drink water containing lead in
excess of the action level could experience delays in their
physical or mental development. Children could show
slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities.
Adults who drink this water over many years could
develop kidney problems or high blood pressure.
Some people who drink water containing inorganic
mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience kidney damage.
Infants below the age of six months who drink water
containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include
shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
83
April 2010

-------
Traditional To conven
MCL in for CCR,
Contaminant (units) mg/L multiply b
Nitrite (ppm) 1
Selenium (ppb) .05 1000
Thallium (ppb) .002 1000
t MCL in
CCR Major Sources in Drinking
y units MCLG Water
Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching
1 1 from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of
natural deposits
Discharge from petroleum and metal
50 50 refineries; Erosion of natural deposits;
Discharge from mines
Leaching from ore-processing sites;
2 0.5 Discharge from electronics, glass, and
drug factories
Health Effects Language
Infants below the age of six months who drink water
containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include
shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people
who drink water containing selenium in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail
losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with
their circulation.
Some people who drink water containing thallium in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their
kidneys, intestines, or liver.
Synthetic Organic Contaminants including Pesticides and Herbicides
2,4-D (ppb) .07 1000
2,4,5-TP [Silvex](ppb) .05 1000
Acrylamide TT
Alachlor (ppb) .002 1000
Atrazine (ppb) .003 1000
Benzo(a)pyrene[PAH] QQQ2 Q
(nanograms/L)
„„ „„ Runoff from herbicide used on row
crops
50 50 Residue of banned herbicide
TT „ Added to water during sewage/
wastewater treatment
_ „ Runoff from herbicide used on row
crops
, , Runoff from herbicide used on row
crops
Leaching from linings of water
storage tanks and distribution lines
Some people who drink water containing the weed killer
2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal
glands.
Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience liver
problems.
Some people who drink water containing high levels of
acrylamide over a long period of time could have
problems with their nervous system or blood, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing alachlor in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience
anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their cardiovascular system or
reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene
in excess of the MCL over many years may experience
reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
84
April 2010

-------
Traditional To conven
MCL in for CCR,
Contaminant (units) mg/L multiply b
Carbofuran (ppb) .04 1000
Chlordane (ppb) .002 1000
Dalapon(ppb) .2 1000
rap^n^yi) .4 1000
adipate (ppb)
^-fhy^1) .006 1000
phthalate (ppb)
Dibromochloro- ^
propane (ppt)
Dinoseb (ppb) .007 1000
Diquat(ppb) .02 1000
t MCL in
CCR Major Sources in Drinking
y units MCLG Water
. „ ,„ Leaching of soil fumigant used on
rice and alfalfa
2 0 Residue of banned termiticide
200 200 Runoff fr°m herbicide used on rights
of way
400 400 Discharge from chemical factories
, „ Discharge from rubber and chemical
factories
Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant
200 0 used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples,
and orchards
„ _ Runoff from herbicide used on
soybeans and vegetables
20 20 Runoff from herbicide use
. . TCDD1 Emissions from waste incineration
!JioxinLZ,:>,/,s-iUiJiJj 00000003 1,000,000,000 30 0 and other combustion; Discharge
^™' from chemical factories
Endothall (ppb) .1 1000
100 100 Runoff from herbicide use
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive
systems.
Some people who drink water containing chlordane in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver or nervous system, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
minor kidney changes.
Some people who drink water containing di (2-
ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience toxic effects such as weight loss,
liver enlargement or possible reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing di (2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate in excess of the MCL over many
years may have problems with their liver, or experience
reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience
reproductive problems and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess
of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.
Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience
reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing endothall in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their stomach or intestines.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
85
April 2010

-------
Traditional To conven
MCL in for CCR,
Contaminant (units) mg/L multiply b
Endrin(ppb) .002 1000
Epichlorohydrin TT
Ethylenedibromide QQQQ5
(ppt)
Glyphosate (ppb) .7 1000
Heptachlor (ppt) .0004 1,000,000
Heptachlor epoxide
(ppt)
Hexachlorobenzene „„, ,„„„
(Ppb)
Hexachlorocyclopentad
, i > .U 3 1 UUU
lene (ppb)
Lindane(ppt) .0002 1,000,000
Methoxychlor (ppb) .04 1000
t MCL in
CCR Major Sources in Drinking
y units MCLG Water
2 2 Residue of banned insecticide
Discharge from industrial chemical
TT 0 factories; An impurity of some water
treatment chemicals
50 0 Discharge from petroleum refineries
700 700 Runoff from herbicide use
400 0 Residue of banned pesticide
200 0 Breakdown of heptachlor
, „ Discharge from metal refineries and
agricultural chemical factories
50 50 Discharge from chemical factories
?nn ?nn Runoff/leaching from insecticide used
on cattle, lumber, gardens
Runoff/leaching from insecticide used
on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing endrin in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
liver problems.
Some people who drink water containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could
experience stomach problems, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing ethylene
dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their liver, stomach,
reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor
epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems with their
kidneys or stomach.
Some people who drink water containing lindane in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their kidneys or liver.
Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
reproductive difficulties.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
86
April 2010

-------
Contaminant (units)
Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb)
PCBs [Polychlorinated
biphenyls] (ppt)
Pentachlorophenol
(Ppb)
Picloram (ppb)
Simazine (ppb)
Toxaphene (ppb)
Traditional To convert M(
MCL in for CCR, C
mg/L multiply by u
:Lin
CR Major Sources in Drinking
nits MCLG Water
? innn ?nn ?nn Runoff/leaching from insecticide used
on apples, potatoes and tomatoes
0005 1000000 500 0 Runoff from landfills; Discharge of
waste chemicals
.001 1000
. _ Discharge from wood preserving
factories
.5 1000 500 500 Herbicide runoff
.004 1000
.003 1000
4 4 Herbicide runoff
., „ Runoff/leaching from insecticide used
on cotton and cattle
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
slight nervous system effects.
Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience changes in
their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune
deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system
difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their liver or kidneys,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing picloram in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver.
Some people who drink water containing simazine in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their blood.
Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile Organic Contaminants
Benzene (ppb)
Carbon tetrachloride
(Ppb)
Chlorobenzene (ppb)
.005 1000
.005 1000
Discharge from factories; Leaching
from gas storage tanks and landfills
. „ Discharge from chemical plants and
other industrial activities
, , „„„ , „„ , „„ Discharge from chemical and
agricultural chemical factories
Some people who drink water containing benzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing carbon
tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver or kidneys.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
87
April 2010

-------
Contaminant (units)
o-Dichlorobenzene
(Ppb)
p-Dichlorobenzene
(Ppb)
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
(Ppb)
1 , 1 -Dichloroethy lene
(Ppb)
cis-1,2-
Dichloroethylene (ppb)
trans- 1,2-
Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Dichloromethane (ppb)
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
(Ppb)
Ethylbenzene (ppb)
Haloacetic Acids
(HAA)(ppb)
Styrene (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.6
.075
.005
.007
.07
.1
.005
.005
.7
.060
.1
To convert
for CCR,
multiply by
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units MC
600 6(
Major Sources in Drinking
LG Water
)n Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
„ _ Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
„„ „„ Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
. „ Discharge from pharmaceutical and
chemical factories
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
700 700 Discharge from petroleum refineries
,„ , By-product of drinking water
disinfection
. _ _ 1 _ _ Discharge from rubber and plastic
factories; Leaching from landfills
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing o-
dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys,
or circulatory systems.
Some people who drink water containing p-
dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys,
or spleen, or changes in their blood.
Some people who drink water containing 1 ,2-
dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing 1,1-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their liver.
Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their liver.
Some people who drink water containing trans- 1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver.
Some people who drink water containing
dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years
could have liver problems and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing 1 ,2-
dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene
well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing styrene well in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
April 2010

-------
Contaminant (units)
Tetrachloroethylene
(Ppb)
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
(Ppb)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
(Ppb)
1 ,1 ,2-Trichloroethane
(Ppb)
Trichloroethylene (ppb)
TTHMs [Total
trihalomethanes] (ppb)
Toluene (ppm)
Vinyl Chloride (ppb)
Xylenes (ppm)
Traditional To convert M(
MCL in for CCR, C
mg/L multiply by u
.005 1000
.07 1000
:Lin
CR Major Sources in Drinking
nits MCLG Water
. _ Discharge from factories and dry
cleaners
_„ _„ Discharge from textile-finishing
factories
2 1000 200 200 Discharge from metal degreasing sites
and other factories
.005 1000
.005 1000
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
Discharge from metal degreasing sites
and other factories
.107.080 1000 100/80 n/a By-product of drinking water
disinfection
1
.002 1000
10
1 1 Discharge from petroleum factories
. _ Leaching from PVC piping;
Discharge from plastics factories
, „ , „ Discharge from petroleum factories;
Discharge from chemical factories
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their liver, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.
Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-
trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their liver, nervous
system, or circulatory system.
Some people who drink water containing 1 ,1 ,2-
trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or
immune systems.
Some people who drink water containing
trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their liver and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes
in excess of the MCL over many years may experience
problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous
systems, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Some people who drink water containing toluene well in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.
Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing xylenes in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
damage to their nervous system.
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
89
April 2010

-------
Revision History
DATE
24 August 2000

29 January 2001

27 November 2002
9 December 2002

25 March 2003

8 November 2006
ACTION
Created table

1) Revised entries for beta/photon, alpha emitters, and combined radium, and added entry for uranium
2) Revised entry for arsenic
3) Revised health effects language for di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
(DEHP)
4) Revised the placement of regulatory and health effects information for disinfection by-products (i.e.,
bromate, chloramines, chlorite, chlorine, and chlorine dioxide), and corrected the reference "chloride
dioxide" to "chlorine dioxide."
5) In the table, in the first column, in the second entry, in the second line, "andipate" was changed to read,
"adipate."
6) Revise the arsenic rule to express the standard as 0.010 mg/L, in order to clarify the implementation of the
original rule.
7) Added "Fecal Indicators (enterococci or coliphage)"
FEDERAL REGISTER CITATION
63 FR 44530 (19 August 1998) as amended by
65 FR 26024 (4 May 2000)
65 FR 76749 (7 December 2000)
66 FR 7064 (22 January 2001)
67 FR 70855
67 FR 73011
68 FR 14506
71 FR 65652
Preparing Your Drinking Water CCR
                                                          90
                               April 2010

-------