EPA/600/R-06/153
February 2007
MWTP-268
FINAL REPORT—PERMEABLE TREATMENT
WALL EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING,
NEVADA STEWART MINE SITE
MINE WASTE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
ACTIVITY III, PROJECT 39
Prepared by:
MSB Technology Applications, Inc.
200 Technology Way
P.O. Box 4078
Butte, Montana 59702
Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
IAG ID No. DW89939550-010-0
and
U.S. Department of Energy
Environmental Management Consolidated Business Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
Contract No. DE-AC09-96EW96405
February 2007
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REVIEWS AND APPROVALS (MWTP-268):
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Project Mana
Program Managrf
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February 2007
Mine Waste Technology Program
Permeable Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Monitoring Project
Nevada Stewart Mine
By:
A. Lynn McCloskey
MSB Technology Applications, Inc.
Mike Mansfield Advanced Technology Center
Butte, Montana 59702
Under Contract No. DE-AC09-96EW96405
Through EPA lAGNo. DW89939550-010-0
Norma Lewis, EPA Project Manager
Systems Analysis Branch
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
This study was conducted in cooperation with
U.S. Department of Energy
Environmental Management Consolidated Business Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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Notice
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development
funded the research described here under IAG DW89939550-010-0 through the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) Contract DE-AC09-96EW96405. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and
administrative review and has been cleared for publication as an EPA document. Reference herein to any
specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise,
does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement or recommendation. The views and opinions of
authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of EPA or DOE, or any agency thereof.
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Foreword
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with protecting the Nation's
land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to
formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability
of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's research program is providing
data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and building a science knowledge
base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health,
and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is the Agency's center for investigation
of technological and management approaches for preventing and reducing risks from pollution that
threaten human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory's research program is on
methods and their cost-effectiveness for prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water, and
subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water systems; remediation of contaminated
sites, sediments and ground water; prevention and control of indoor air pollution; and restoration of
ecosystems. NRMRL collaborates with both public and private sector partners to foster technologies that
reduce the cost of compliance and to anticipate emerging problems. NRMRL's research provides
solutions to environmental problems by: developing and promoting technologies that protect and improve
the environment; advancing scientific and engineering information to support regulatory and policy
decisions; and providing the technical support and information transfer to ensure implementation of
environmental regulations and strategies at the national, state, and community levels.
This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-term research plan. It is
published and made available by EPA's Office of Research and Development to assist the user
community and to link researchers with their clients.
Sally Gutierrez, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
in
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Abstract
This report summarizes the results of Mine Waste Technology Program (MWTP) Activity III, Project 39,
Permeable Treatment Wall Effectiveness Monitoring Project, implemented and funded by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and jointly administered by EPA and the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE). This project addressed EPA's technical issue of Mobile Toxic Constituents - Water
through a field demonstration of a water treatment process based on the use of Apatite II™ treatment
medium at a remote, inactive underground mine.
This project was undertaken to demonstrate the effectiveness of Apatite II™ (cleaned fishbone) to treat
metal-laden water flowing from an abandoned mine. The Nevada Stewart Mine (NSM), located in the
Coeur d'Alene Basin near Pinehurst, Idaho, was selected as the site for the field demonstration. The
NSM is part of the Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex, which was placed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) for Superfund cleanup of heavy metals, mainly zinc, lead, and cadmium.
To determine the effectiveness of the apatite material, a permeable treatment wall system [also referred to
as the Apatite™ II Treatment System (ATS)] was constructed by MSE Technology Applications, Inc.
(MSE) using funds provided by DOE. Subsequently, approximately 17 gallons per minute of the NSM
adit discharge was directed through the ATS. The gravity fed ATS was designed and constructed using a
baffled, up-flow system that contained a 3: Imixture by volume of apatite and gravel. The composition
and quality of the influent and effluent water from the system was monitored by MSE using funding
provided by the MWTP on a monthly basis for a 2-year period.
After evaluating the results from the ATS, it was concluded that the system effectively attenuated zinc,
iron, manganese, lead, and cadmium as substantiated by the decrease in aqueous phase concentrations
between the influent and effluent waters, and increases in those constituents within the solid phase media
contained in the system's three treatment tanks. The results from the ATS showed that a combination of
mechanisms removed attenuated the metals from the NSM adit discharge. The only removal mechanism
verified in the ATS was sulfide mineral precipitation. Other likely or possible removal mechanisms
include phosphate mineral precipitation, adsorption, and cation substitution. Results from the
microscopy, geochemical modeling, and data evaluation revealed that sulfide mineral precipitation was
the main removal mechanism for zinc, forming a zinc sulfide.
IV
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Contents
Page
Notice ii
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Contents v
Figures vii
Tables ix
Acronyms and Abbreviations x
Acknowledgments xii
Executive Summary ES-1
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Project Description 1
1.2 Project Objectives and Scope of Work 1
1.2.1 Technology Criteria 2
1.3 Historic and Background Information 2
1.3.1 NSM Site History 2
1.3.2 Site Location History 3
1.3.3 Previous DOE Apatite Studies 3
1.3.4 Background Information on the Application of Apatite™ II 4
2. APATITE™ II TREATMENT SYSTEM INSTALLATION 7
2.1 Purpose of Apatite Treatment System Installation 7
2.1.1 Project Description 7
2.2 Technology Description 7
2.3 Project Design Assumptions and Medium Sourcing 8
2.3.1 Column Studies 8
2.3.2 Scale-Up for Field Design 8
2.3.3 Source of Apatite II™ 8
2.4 Technology Implementation 9
2.4.1 Surface Water Diversion and Sediment Control 9
2.4.2 Subsurface Retention Basin Design 9
2.4.3 Treatment System Design 9
2.4.4 Treatment Medium Installation 10
3. PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND TESTING METHODS 22
3.1 ATS Flow Monitoring Design and Methods 22
3.2 Water Quality Monitoring 22
3.2.1 Toxicity Characterization 22
3.3 Solid Phase Characterization 23
3.4 Bacteriological Characterization 23
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Contents (cont'd)
Page
4. ATS PERFORMANCE MONITORING RESULTS 26
4.1 Flow Volume Results 26
4.2 Water Quality Monitoring Results 26
4.2.1 pH and Alkalinity 27
4.2.2 Temperature and Specific Conductivity 27
4.2.3 ORP, DO, Ammonia, and Sulfide 27
4.2.4 Major Ions 28
4.2.5 Metals 28
4.2.6 Nutrients 30
4.2.7 Bacteriological 30
4.3 Geochemical Modeling 30
4.3.1 Speciation Modeling 31
4.4 Solid Phase Sampling Results 31
4.4.1 Total Digestion of Fishbone from ATS 31
4.4.2 X-Ray Diffraction 31
4.4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Rays 32
4.5 Toxicological Sampling Results 33
5. ATS MONITORING RESULTS EVALUATION 56
5.1 Statistical Analysis of the ATS Removal Effectiveness 56
5.1.1 Exploratory Data Analysis 56
5.2 Water Quality Monitoring Evaluation 57
5.2.1 Percent Reduction of Metals at the NSM 57
5.2.2 Apatite Retained Metals in the ATS 57
5.2.3 ATS Attenuation Mechanisms 58
5.3 Effect of Mixing Effluents from the NSM ATS 59
5.4 Effect of Mixing Treated Effluent from the ATS and Bypass Water from the NSM 59
6. ATS COST ANALYSIS 69
7. SUMMARY OF QUALITY ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES 71
7.1 Background 71
7.2 Project Reviews 71
7.3 Data Evaluation 71
7.3.1 Analytical Evaluation 71
7.3.2 Program Evaluation 72
7.4 Quality Assurance Summary 72
VI
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Contents (Cont'd)
Page
8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 75
9. REFERENCES 77
Appendix A: Nevada Stewart Mine Monthly Field Data Results A-l
Appendix B: EPA Toxicity Testing Reports B-l
Appendix C: Montana Tech's Final Report on the Evaluation of Apatite II™ Media from the
Nevada Stewart Mine Apatite Treatment System C-l
Appendix D: Golder Associates Geochemical Report D-l
Appendix E: Solid Phase Digestion Results E-l
Appendix F: EPA Statistical Analysis F-l
Figures
Page
1-1. Nevada Stewart site map 5
1-2. NSM site prior to technology implementation. Mine discharge shown flowing over road into
Highland Creek 6
1-3. NSM site under winter conditions 6
2-1. Column study 11
2-2. Map showing installation of the Apatite Treatment System at the Nevada Stewart Mine 12
2-3. Location of sediment control system/catch basin 13
2-4. Cross-section of catch basin, retention basin, and treatment tank 14
2-5. Sixty-degree trapezoidal flume used to direct NSM adit discharge through the ATS 15
2-6. Thel-Mar weir and bubbler used to measure flow from treatment tanks 15
2-7. ATS catch basin for effluent water 16
2-8. ATS Tank 1 (retention basin) used to trap debris in water 17
2-9. ATS Tank 4 being placed at NSM 17
2-10. NSM ATS construction prior to covering system 18
2-11. ATS system uncovered with risers and sample ports constructed 18
2-12. NSM ATS just after construction looking upstream (November 2002) 19
2-13. NSM ATS 2 years after installation looking downstream (September 2004) 19
2-14. NSM ATS after closure of system 20
2-15. Installation of whole-bone apatite and gravel mixture into treatment tanks 20
2-16. Whole bone apatite/gravel media before submerging it with water. Note vertical baffle/
partition visible in photo 21
4-1. NSM ATS flow through system in gallons per minute 34
4-2. NSM ATS monthly flow through system 34
4-3. NSM ATS pH levels 35
4-4. NSM ATS alkalinity 35
4-5. NSM ATS water temperature 36
4-6. NSM ATS specific conductivity 36
4-7. NSM ATS dissolved oxygen 37
4-8. NSMATSORP 37
vii
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Figures (Cont'd)
Page
4-9. NSM ATS ammonia 38
4-10. NSM ATS sulfide 38
4-11. NSM ATS Ca 39
4-12. NSM ATS Mg 39
4-13. NSM ATS sulfate 40
4-14. NSM ATS total dissolved metals, in versus out, without Ca and Mg 40
4-15. NSM ATS dissolved Zn 41
4-16. NSM ATS dissolved Fe 41
4-17. NSM ATS dissolved Mn 42
4-18. NSM ATS dissolved Cd 42
4-19. NSM ATS dissolved Pb 43
4-20. NSM ATS total P 43
4-21. NSM ATS nitrate/nitrite 44
4-22. NSM ATS dissolved orthophosphate 44
4-23. NSM ATS Kjeldahl nitrogen 45
4-24. NSM ATS colifbrm 45
4-25. NSM ATS total digest Zn 46
4-26. NSM ATS total digest Cd 46
4-27. NSM ATS total digest Pb 47
4-28. NSM ATS total digest Fe 47
4-29. NSM ATS total digest Mn 48
4-30. NSM ATS total digest Ca 48
4-31. NSM ATS total digest Mg 49
4-32. XRD graph showing a hydroxyapatite (>70 counts) peak, illustrating the only crystalline
structure detected in the raw fishbone sample. This graph was similar to XRD results from
Tanks 2, 3, and 4 49
4-33. Unreacted fishbone EDX scan illustrating the peaks that indicate the primary composition of
the fishbone material 50
4-34. Typical EDX scan for Tank 2 (July 2003) sampled after 1 year of treating NSM discharge
water. Volume treated by July 2003 was approximately 2 million gallons 50
4-35. EDX scan of bright spot from a sample taken from Tank 2 51
4-36. EDX scan of entire bone from a sample collected from Tank 4 in July 2003 51
4-37. Bright regions (1) and dark regions (2) 52
4-38. Fishbone under high vacuum using SEM to see ZnS crystals from samples collected from
Treatment Tank 4 at the NSM ATS 52
5-1. Average percent reduction in dissolved metals over the duration of the MWTP, Activity III,
Project 39, ATS as compared to the NSM discharge (influent) dissolved metals concentrations. 61
5-2. Amount of metal removed by the NSM ATS 61
5-3. Amount of total Zn removed by NSM ATS on monthly basis 62
5-4. Tank 4 (center cell) just prior to the solid phase (total digest) sampling showing the ferrihydrite
coated surface 62
5-5. Photo of the fishbone at the end of the project. Bone pieces are from varying depths to
compare to the unused bone (Figure 2-16) 63
5-6. Tank 4 apatite medium showing the black and white precipitate with minimal ferrihydrite
on the surface 63
viii
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Tables
Page
3-1 Baseline and Target Constituents Monitored at the NSM ATS 24
3-2. Standard Test Conditions for C. dubia Acute Toxicity Tests with Superfund and/or Mine
Waste Samples 25
3-3. Standard Test Conditions for P. promelas Acute Toxicity Tests with Superfund and/or Mine
Waste Samples 25
4-1. NSM ATS Average Volumetric Flow in Gallons Per Minute 53
4-2. NSM SRB Analysis - September 2004 53
4-3. Net Increase and Decline in Concentration as Indicated by Water Quality Monitoring Results .. 53
4-4. Saturation Indices for the NSM ATS Influent and Each Separate Effluent Flow for the System
(Results are from the Last Sampling Event taken on August 17, 2004, after System had
Functioned for a 22-Month Duration) 53
4-5. Weight Percent Data from EDX Scan for Sample Collected from Tank 4 in July 2003 54
4-6. Weight Percent Data from Bright Region and Dark Region Located on Fishbone Material from
Treatment Tank 4 Compared to Data from Sample of Untreated (Raw) Fishbone Material 54
4-7. Solubility Products 54
4-8. 2003 Versus 2004 LC50 Values 55
5-1. Zn Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port 64
5-2. Cd Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port 64
5-3. Pb Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port 64
5-4. Fe Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port 64
5-5. Mn Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port 64
5-6. Ca Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port 65
5-7. Mg Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port 65
5-8. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Zn 65
5-9. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Cd 65
5-10. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Pb 65
5-11. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Ca 66
5-12. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Mg 66
5-13. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Fe 66
5-14. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Mn 66
5-15. Average Percent Metals Reduction Achieved for the Duration of the MWTP, Activity III,
Project 39, NSM ATS for Full ATS and Each Treatment Tank 66
5-16. Comparison of Regulatory Discharge Limits with the NSM ATS Effluent and Influent Values
for the First and Last Sampling Events of the Project 67
5-17. Saturation Indices for Mixed Effluent 67
5-18. Dissolved Concentrations of Cationic Constituents for Mixed Effluent 67
5-19. Saturation Indices for a Mixture of Bypass Water and the Reactor Effluents 68
5-20. Dissolved Concentrations of Cationic Constituents for a Mixture of Bypass Water and the
Reactor Effluents 68
6-1. Estimations of the Percent Total Unit Cost for an ATS Project Without Research Aspects
Attached 70
7-1. QA Objectives for Accuracy, Precision, MDL, and Completeness 73
7-2 IDLs for ICP Analysis of Dissolved Metals 73
7-3. Summary of Flagged Data for Activity III, Project 39 74
IX
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Ag silver
Al aluminum
As arsenic
ATS Apatite II™ Treatment System
Au gold
Be beryllium
BEIPC Basin Environmental Improvement Project Commission
Ca calcium
Cd cadmium
CdS cadmium sulfide
CFI Center for Innovation
CLP Contract Laboratory Program
Co cobalt
Cr chromium
CRDL contract required detection limit
Cu copper
DO dissolved oxygen
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DS downstream
EDX energy dispersive X-ray
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Fe iron
FeS iron sulfide
Golder Golder Associates Inc.
gpm gallons per minute
Hg mercury
IAG Interagency Agreement
ICP inductively coupled plasma
ICP-ES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
IDEQ Idaho Department of Environmental Quality
IDL instrument detection limit
K potassium
Ib pound
Ib/mo pounds per month
LC lethal concentration
MDL method detection limit
Mg magnesium
|o,g/L micrograms per liter
mg/L milligrams per liter
MHRW moderately hard reconstituted water
mL/min milliliter/minute
Mn manganese
MPN most probable number
MSD moving standard deviation
MSE MSE Technology Applications, Inc.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations (Cont'd)
mV millivolt
MWTP Mine Waste Technology Program
Na sodium
Ni nickel
NOAEL no observed acute effect level
NPV net present value
NSM Nevada Stewart Mine
O&M operating and maintenance
ORP oxidation-reduction potential
OU3 Operable Unit Three
P phosphorus
Pb lead
PbS lead sulfide
pcf per cubic foot
ppb parts per billion
ppm parts per million
PRB permeable reactive barrier
QA quality assurance
QAPP quality assurance project plan
QC quality control
ROD record of decision
RPD relative percent difference
S sulfur
Sb antimony
SC specific conductivity
Se selenium
SEM scanning electron microscopy
Si silicon
SP1 Sample Port 1
SP2 Sample Port 2
SP3 Sample Port 3
SP4 Sample Port 4
SPA Sample Port A
SRB sulfate-reducing bacteria
SVNRT Silver Valley Natural Resource Trust
Ti titanium
U uranium
US upstream
wt% weight percent
XRD X-ray diffraction
Zn zinc
ZnS zinc sulfide
XI
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Acknowledgments
This document was prepared by MSB Technology Applications, Inc. (MSB) for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) Mine Waste Technology Program (MWTP) and the U.S. Department of
Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory. Ms. Diana Bless is EPA's MWTP Project
Officer, while Mr. Gene Ashby is DOE's Technical Program Officer. Ms. Helen Joyce is MSB's MWTP
Program Manager. Ms. Norma Lewis is EPA's Project Manager, and Ms. Lynn McCloskey was the
Project Manager for MSB. Other acknowledgments are listed below.
Bill Adams, EPA Region 10
Dave Fortier, Bureau of Land Management
Bryony Stasney, Golder Associates
Cheryl Ross, Golder Associates
Jim Lazorchak, EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Steve Anderson, Montana Tech of the University of Montana
xn
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Executive Summary
The Mine Waste Technology Program (MWTP) Activity III, Project 39, Permeable Treatment Wall
Effectiveness Monitoring Project was implemented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
and jointly administered by EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Project 39 addresses EPA's
technical issue of Mobile Toxic Constituents - Water. This project is a collaborative effort between DOE
and EPA's MWTP. The DOE-funded portions of the project included the design and construction of the
Apatite II™ Treatment System (ATS) and in-line monitoring system. EPA's MWTP activities addressed
establishment of the baseline investigation of the project site, long-term performance monitoring, and
decommissioning/closure of the ATS.
The project was conducted at the Nevada Stewart Mine (NSM) site located within the Coeur d'Alene
Mining District in Idaho. The NSM is an abandoned lead-zinc mine with an adit discharge of
approximately 50 gallons per minute (gpm), primarily contaminated with lead, zinc, and manganese,
which drains directly into Highland Creek. The ATS was designed to treat approximately 20 gpm (40%)
of the NSM adit discharge. The adit discharge was captured upon exiting the adit and gravity fed through
the ATS. Primarily, the ATS consisted of three treatment tanks (labeled 2, 3, and 4) filled with reactive
media, which consisted of a 2:1 mixture by weight of gravel to cleaned fishbone (Apatite II™). Monthly
performance monitoring of the ATS was conducted between November 2002 and August 2004. Both the
treatment system influent and effluent were monitored, as well as upstream and downstream locations
relative to the ATS on Highland Creek. For the duration of the project, approximately 13.5 million
gallons of water were treated by the ATS.
The project was performed to determine the effectiveness of the ATS in reducing the concentrations of
dissolved metals in the mine discharge and to define the attenuation mechanisms (i.e., physical and/or
chemical) that reduced the total metal loading of treated waters. To determine the effectiveness of the
ATS at reducing the metals loading, the percent reduction was calculated for each metal listed as a target
constituent for the duration of the project. The main target constituents present in the NSM discharge
included zinc, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, lead, and cadmium. Results indicate that the ATS
effectively attenuated cadmium, lead, zinc, iron, and manganese, as evidenced by the decrease in aqueous
concentrations between inflow and outflow and the increase in solid phase concentrations of these
constituents. For the total ATS, the average percent reduction for dissolved zinc, cadmium, iron, and
manganese was 55%, 85%, 73%, and 53%, respectively. Dissolution of calcium and magnesium and
corresponding increases in concentrations of these constituents occurred over the duration of the project.
Each of the three reactors within the ATS exhibited strong variability in treatment efficiency throughout
the project duration, which was dependent upon flow rate, retention time, surface contact, permeability
through the medium, and chemistry of the water. Tank 4 treated the water the most effectively, and the
average percent reduction of dissolved zinc, cadmium, iron, and manganese for Tank 4 was 94%, 89%,
74%, and 66%, respectively. Tank 4 treated the lowest flow, provided the longest retention time, and had
the most reducing environment inside the tank. The increases in concentration of calcium and magnesium
were also the greatest for this tank.
A second method of calculating the efficiency of the ATS was to determine the reduction in metals
loading entering Highland Creek during the project period. The average monthly zinc loading, for
example, was reduced from 37 pounds per month (Ib/mo) prior to treatment to 21 Ib/mo after ATS
installation.
ES-1
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Extensive research activities were conducted during this project to identify the metals removal
mechanisms within the ATS. The attenuation mechanisms identified included precipitation, adsorption,
and cation substitution. Specific metals within the influent water were attenuated in different manners.
Both the geochemical modeling by Golder Associates, Inc., and mineralogical analysis by Montana Tech
confirmed that sulfide precipitation of zinc was probably the dominant mechanism for zinc attenuation
within the treatment tanks. This process resulted from reducing conditions being created through the
consumption of organic portions of the substrate and the accompanying reduction of sulfate to produce
insoluble sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Attenuation of cadmium and lead due to precipitation was
inconclusive; however, speciation modeling showed supersaturation with respect to both cadmium and
lead sulfide. The relatively low solid phase concentrations of these metals in the treatment tanks
prevented identification of any cadmium/lead secondary mineral phases.
Speciation modeling identified the production of manganese phosphate as a potential precipitate formed
within the ATS. This indicates but does not definitely verify that phosphate mineral precipitation was the
potential attenuation mechanism controlling manganese concentrations. Similarly, formation of strengite
(Fe-phosphate) was identified as a possible sink for iron. Effluent saturation indices indicate
undersaturation with respect to hydroxypyromorphite. Because the influent lead concentrations were very
low, substitution of lead for calcium during reprecipitation of hydroxyapatite may be one mechanism
responsible for lead attenuation. Adsorption of lead, cadmium, and manganese onto ferrihydrite or the
Apatite II™ treatment medium could account for an additional reduction in concentration of these metals.
Water samples from the NSM site in Idaho were shipped to the EPA Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, for
toxicity tests. A series of acute aquatic toxicity tests with P. promelas, the fathead minnow, and C. dubia,
a freshwater invertebrate, were conducted with these samples. The purpose of these tests was to establish
the level of toxicity for discharge from the mine site and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment
process currently being used at this site. The results from the tests indicate that the treatment system
being used to remediate the waste from this mine site reduced the toxicity of the effluent water over that
of the influent water.
After assessing the results from the NSM project, it was determined that metals removal was equivalent to
about 5% of the weight of the apatite used. For future utilization of apatite for removal of metals, the
treatment tank design should be modified to improve the effectiveness and longevity of an ATS by
maximizing residence time, preventing plugging, and including means for permeability
enhancement/media replacement strategies.
ES-2
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1. Introduction
1.1 Project Description
Mine Waste Technology Program (MWTP)
Activity III, Project 39, Permeable Treatment Wall
Effectiveness Monitoring Project was funded by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
and jointly administered by EPA and the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) through an
Interagency Agreement (IAG). MSE Technology
Applications, Inc. (MSE) implements the MWTP
for EPA and DOE. For this project, MSE
monitored and evaluated a fishbone, Apatite II™
Treatment System (ATS) designed and
implemented to reduce the metals loading from an
adit discharge water. The reactive media in the
treatment cells consisted of a mixture of fishbone
(Apatite II™) and gravel. The objective of
Activity III, Project 39 was to monitor and
determine the effectiveness of the fishbone apatite
material at reducing metals loading in the
discharge flowing from an abandoned mine and
determine the metal attenuation mechanisms.
The Nevada Stewart Mine (NSM) site selected for
this demonstration project is located in the Coeur
d'Alene Mining District approximately 6 miles
south of Pinehurst, Idaho. The NSM is an
abandoned lead (Pb)-zinc (Zn) mine discharging
an estimated 50 gallons per minute (gpm) from the
collapsed mine adit and underground workings.
The primary contaminants in the NSM adit
discharge are cadmium (Cd), Pb, iron (Fe),
manganese (Mn), and Zn. However, the
characterization data indicated that Pb and Cd
concentrations were very low during this project,
near laboratory detection limits.
The two major phases of the Permeable Treatment
Wall Effectiveness Monitoring Project were: 1)
implementation of the ATS; and 2) long-term
monitoring of the ATS. Construction of the ATS
was funded by DOE in September 2002 and
implementation of long-term monitoring, testing,
and evaluation of the ATS system was funded by
EPA's MWTP for a 2-year period.
This final report contains the following
information:
• Section 1—Description of the demonstration
site, scope of work, criteria for success, project
schedule, and history of demonstration
activities.
• Section 2—Description of DOE's ATS
installation, an overview of how Apatite II™
works, the general approach used for
installation of the ATS, project design and
assumptions, and implementation of the
technology.
• Section 3—Description of the 2-year
monitoring and testing program implemented
under EPA's MWTP that was used to acquire
data for evaluation of the ATS.
• Section 4—Review and interpretation of the
results for each stage of the project.
• Section 5—Statistical analysis and evaluation
of the 2-year monitoring results.
• Section 6—Cost analysis of the ATS on a per-
gallon-treated basis.
• Section 7—Summary of quality assurance
including activities evaluation and validation of
field and laboratory data to determine if the
project objectives were achieved.
• Section 8—Project conclusions and
recommendations for future projects of this
type.
• Section 9—List of references.
• Appendices—Additional data and results.
1.2 Project Objectives and Scope of Work
The overall objective of the monitoring program
for the ATS demonstration was to evaluate the
ability and efficiency of the system to reduce
metals loading of a mining-impacted water. The
NSM adit discharge was continuously monitored
before and after the ATS was installed to
determine if the water quality improved and to
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determine the attenuation mechanisms (i.e.,
chemical, biological, or physical) that effectively
reduced the metals concentrations.
1.2.1 Technology Criteria
The project objectives to determine the
effectiveness of the ATS were defined in the
MWTP, Activity III, Project 39, Quality
Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) (Ref 1). The
effectiveness of the technology was determined by
calculating the percent reduction of dissolved
metals loading in the treated water compared to
the influent water. The system was monitored for
a 2-year period. This allowed the ATS system to
be fully evaluated, even during low metal removal
periods to determine if the metal removal varied
seasonally or with permeability enhancements.
1.3 Historic and Background Information
This section provides pertinent information
regarding the NSM site selection, as well as the
selection of fishbone apatite (hydroxyapatite) as a
metals removal medium. The background
information is presented as:
- the history of the NSM site and surrounding
area;
- regulatory history of the local area;
- previous projects using the Apatite II™
medium for remediation purposes; and
- basic metals removal mechanisms when
using Apatite II™ (hydroxyapatite).
1.3.1 NSM Site History
Water from the Coeur d'Alene Mining District,
which produced over 150 million tons of Pb, Zn,
and silver (Ag) ore since 1885, flows into the
South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River. The
South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River water
contains high dissolved metal concentrations that
severely inhibit the survival offish, other aquatic
biota, and wildlife along much of the 30-kilometer
reach draining the district (Ref. 2). Zinc accounts
for approximately 97% of the dissolved heavy
metal load, followed by Pb and Cd (approximately
1% each), with other metals [copper (Cu), nickel
(Ni), cobalt, antimony (Sb), gold, mercury (Hg)]
totaling less than 1% (Ref. 2).
The NSM site is located in Shoshone County near
the headwaters of Highland Creek approximately 2
miles east of its confluence with the East Fork of
Pine Creek (Figure 1-1). The East Fork of Pine
Creek flows into the South Fork of the Coeur
d'Alene River. The NSM is an abandoned Pb-Zn
mine located 6 miles south of Pinehurst, Idaho, in
the Coeur d'Alene Mining District. The waste
forms on the site consisted of a discharging adit
and surface waste piles. Approximately 8,100
cubic yards of floodplain deposited mine wastes
were removed from the site to the Central
Impoundment Area at the nearby Bunker Hill Site.
The streamside wasterock dump piles at the site
were recently pulled back from the stream and
recontoured to prevent erosion and reduce
contaminant loading to Highland Creek.
Discharge from the NSM adit drains directly into
Highland Creek (Figure 1-2) and has continuous
flow of approximately 50 gpm (Ref. 3).
Most receiving waters in the local vicinity of the
NSM have recorded pH values close to neutral and
low metals and suspended solids concentrations.
However, waters discharging from the NSM carry
an increased amount of metals that are detrimental
to the adjacent receiving stream. Analytical
results indicate high levels of dissolved Zn, Fe,
and Mn in the NSM adit drainage and high levels
of Zn and Fe in the soils. The concentrations for
Cd and Pb in the adit drainage were near the
laboratory detection limits.
1.3.1.1 Geology
Coeur d'Alene Basin and mining district geology
within the Coeur d'Alene Basin is Precambrian
Belt Supergroup rocks consisting of quartzite,
carbonates, fine-grained argillites, and dolomitic
rock (Ref. 4). The Precambrian rocks were
deformed and intruded. Deformations and
intrusions and resulting mineralization have
formed deposits of valuable minerals including
sulfides of Pb, Ag, Zn, Sb, Cu, cobalt (Co), and
traces of gold (Au) (Ref. 4). The mineralogy of
the mines is dominated by sphalerite [zinc sulfide
(ZnS)] that was predominately associated with
galena [lead sulfide (PbS)]. Cadmium was a trace
element predominantly found with the sphalerite
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and produced as a by-product of the smelting
process.
1.3.1.2 Physiography
Terrain around and in the vicinity of the NSM is
steep and slightly wooded with various
vegetation/grasses. Narrow, steep, and unpaved
roads provide vehicle access to most areas of the
mine surface. Winter access to the site can be
difficult due to deep snow and steep terrain, which
impedes sampling efforts (Figure 1-3). During the
winter months, however, the NSM discharge did
not freeze, nor did the flow through the apatite
treatment system.
1.3.2 Site Location History
In 1983, the Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical
Complex, a former mining and smelting area,
located within the South Fork of the Coeur
d'Alene River drainage basin, was placed on the
National Priorities List for Superfund cleanup due
to the presence of high levels of Zn, Pb, Cd,
arsenic (As), and other heavy metals. The Bunker
Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex was
divided into three distinct areas: Operable Unit
One (populated areas); Operable Unit Two
(nonpopulated areas of the complex); and
Operable Unit Three (OU3) (any mining-related
contamination on the broader Coeur d'Alene
Basin).
The NSM site is located within OU3. In
September 2002, the record of decision (ROD) for
OU3 was signed and identified the selected
remedy for the area. The Basin Environmental
Improvement Project Commission (BEIPC) was
created to implement the EPA ROD for OU3.
Within OU3, the BEIPC identified four areas that
represented the greatest risk, either due to potential
human exposure or high levels of contamination.
The upper and lower regions of Pine Creek were
identified as one of those areas. The NSM
discharge contributes to the contamination within
the upper reaches of Pine Creek, and since it is
adjacent to the Highland Creek Road, it is easily
accessed allowing high exposure to humans.
The overall remedy includes remedial action for:
- protection of human health in the
communities and residential areas, including
recreational areas of the basin upstream of
Coeur d'Alene Lake (the Upper Basin and
Lower Basin);
- protection of the environment in the Upper
Basin and Lower Basin; and
- protection of human health and the
environment in areas of the Spokane River
(Ref 5).
The remedial actions selected in the ROD were not
intended to fully address contamination within the
Coeur d'Alene Basin (Ref. 5). Thus, achieving
certain water quality standards, such as state and
federal water quality standards and maximum
contaminant levels for drinking water, were out of
the scope of the ROD.
1.3.3 Previous DOE Apatite Studies
This project was a leveraged effort between DOE
and EPA MWTP. The National Energy
Technology Laboratory administered the DOE
funding for this project to MSE through Technical
Task Plan FT10WE31, Task B - Technology
Transfer and Commercialization. The DOE-
funded portion of the project covered the design
and construction of the treatment barrier and
monitoring system. The MWTP portion of the
project addressed the baseline investigation of the
project site, long-term performance monitoring
according to an EPA-approved QAPP, corrective
maintenance procedures, decommissioning of the
treatment barrier, and data analysis and reporting.
Prior to implementing this project, DOE funded a
groundwater treatability study using Apatite II™
as a passive treatment medium for removing
soluble uranium (U), other metals, and
radionuclides from contaminated groundwater. A
pilot-scale reactor was installed to treat U and Cd
contaminated groundwater at the Y-12 Plant, S-3
Ponds at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The pilot-scale
system demonstrated that Apatite II™ could
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effectively remove the Cd and U under field
conditions (99% removal efficiency) (Ref 6).
In conjunction with the pilot study, several column
studies were performed by DOE under a separate
project to determine if Apatite II™ could
successfully remove ionized metal contaminants
from groundwater in the laboratory. These
successful Apatite II™ column studies resulted in
the initiation of the MWTP project conducted at
NSM.
Additionally, an apatite treatment system installed
at the Success Mine in Idaho was showing promise
for mine discharge treatment.
1.3.4 Background Information on the
T\/f
Application of Apatite II
Apatite II™ works to sequester metals by four
nonmutually exclusive processes depending upon
the metal, the concentration of the metal, and the
aqueous chemistry of the system. In the first
process, the dissolution of Apatite II™
continuously supplies a small, but sufficient
amount of phosphate to solution to exceed the
solubility limits of various metal-phosphate phases
such as pyromorphite and autunite (Ref. 7). The
following reaction illustrates the overall removal
process for Pb.
Ca10(P04)6(C03)x(OH)2.2x + 10Pb2+ +xtT +
2x(OH) -»• Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2 + xHCO3 + 10Ca2+
However, under almost all environmental
conditions, Pb-pyromorphite and other phosphate
based solids will precipitate only in the presence
of an apatite seed crystal; as such, these reactions
take place on the surface of the apatite (Ref. 8).
Without apatite, other Pb-phases will form that
have much higher solubilities (Ref. 9). The
Apatite II™ grains serve as a source of seed
crystal, as well as a source of phosphate (Ref. 10).
The reaction between the apatite and metals is
very rapid (Refs. 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15);
consequently, the treatment is effective
immediately. The macroscopic flow parameters
(i.e., grain size, flow rate, and barrier design) are
the limiting factors in the field.
The solubility of the original apatite is key to the
effectiveness of this mechanism; it must be
sufficiently high to be reactive, but sufficiently
low to persist in the environment for many years
while preventing phosphate loading. In open
systems [i.e., permeable reactive barriers (PRBs),
soils, or soil columns] the rate of dissolution of the
apatite is little affected by the contaminant
concentration because the system rarely
approaches equilibrium since dissolved
constituents are rapidly removed from the system
either by flushing or sorption (precipitation or
adsorption).
In the second process, Apatite II™ acts as an
excellent buffer (buffers to pH 6.5 to 7) for
neutralizing acidity through its PO43", OH", and
substituted CO32" groups. Buffering to neutral pH
alone is effective at precipitating many metal
phases, particularly aluminum (Al) and Fe(+3)
(Ref. 16).
The third removal mechanism is surface chemi-
adsorption. Apatite II™ is a strong metal
adsorbent, particularly of the transition metals,
through its uncompensated phosphate and
hydroxyl surface groups. Apatite II™ can adsorb
up to 5% of its weight by this process (Refs. 12, 7,
and 16). For Zn, Cd, and other transition metals,
adsorption by apatite is one of the primary
mechanisms for removal under most
environmental conditions.
The fourth process is biological stimulation.
Apatite II™ supplies both phosphate and readily-
bioavailable organics at low concentrations for
stimulating microbial communities. As an
example, in the presence of sulfate and Apatite
II™, Zn and Cd can be reduced to sulfides if the
other chemical parameters are favorable. This
process, along with adsorption, is one of the
primary removal mechanisms for these two
elements.
The bioavailability of ingested metal bearing
apatite is also greatly reduced (Ref. 17), thus,
reducing the risk from animal and human
ingestion of metals-loaded apatite.
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ill
Figure 1-1. Nevada Stewart site map.
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Figure 1-2. NSM site prior to technology implementation. Mine discharge shown flowing
over road into Highland Creek.
Figure 1-3. NSM site under winter conditions.
5
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TM
2. Apatite II Treatment System Installation
2.1 Purpose of Apatite Treatment System
Installation
The purpose for the installation of the ATS at the
Nevada Stewart Tunnel site was to reduce the
concentration of dissolved Zn in the water that
flowed through the treatment system; thus,
reducing the overall metals concentration in
Highland Creek, a tributary of Pine Creek and the
South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River. EPA
Region 10, the Idaho Department of
Environmental Quality, the Idaho Bureau of Land
Management, and MWTP were all involved in the
planning and implementation of the project.
A year prior to the installation of the ATS at the
NSM, an ongoing demonstration funded by the
Silver Valley Natural Resource Trust utilized
Apatite™ II material for removing Cd, Pb, and Zn
from groundwater being diverted through a PRB
located at the Success Mine and Mill site. This
demonstration focused on directing contaminated
flow through vaults that contained partially
saturated apatite medium. Based on the
monitoring completed at the Success Mine site
between January 2001 and June 2003, the
treatment effectively reduced the concentrations of
the contaminants in the groundwater passing
through the apatite medium by over 90%
(Ref 18).
Several issues arose during the Success
demonstration, including odor, phosphorus (P)
release, and bacteria release, which were noted as
significant for several months after apatite medium
emplacement. After one year in place, the odor, P
release, and bacteria release from the medium
were within acceptable regulatory limits. Because
of the proven ability of Apatite II™ to remove
metals from lower pH water (Refs. 16, 18, and
19), additional implementation of this technology
was needed to test the effectiveness of the medium
in treating other waters. The water at the Nevada
Stewart Tunnel site was significantly different
from the water at the Success site because it had a
circumneutral pH and contained higher Fe and
calcium (Ca) concentrations.
2.1.1 Project Description
Given the results from the Success Mine project,
DOE installed a fully-contained subsurface
retention basin and treatment system designed to
capture and treat a specified volume of NSM
discharge. Prior to the water flowing into the
nearby receiving stream, the volume of influent
and effluent system flow, and the water quality of
those flows were monitored to provide background
information and baseline conditions prior to
treatment to determine the performance of the
treatment system. The project objective was to
provide an economical technology that used
apatite as a treatment medium to passively remove
Zn from the circumneutral water while minimizing
odor problems.
2.2 Technology Description
The technology deployed for this project was
Apatite II™ (Ref. 20). The treatment medium was
placed into a fully-contained subsurface treatment
system. Such tank systems, excluding the
treatment medium, are typically installed as
subsurface stormwater detention/retention basins
where surface impoundments are not desirable
either because of aesthetics or land value. By
placing the treatment medium into a contained
subsurface retention system/tank, several
advantages over surface treatment systems were
recognized, which included:
- significant odor control;
- protection from freezing;
- protection from vandalism and damage from
animals;
- ability to change out or extract the treatment
medium, if the attenuation capacity became
exhausted;
- ability to accurately monitor inflow/outflow
and water quality;
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- ability to enhance the permeability of the
medium in the tanks; and
- minimal impact on the landscape.
2.3 Project Design Assumptions and
Medium Sourcing
For finalization of the ATS design, historical
information along with bench-scale column
studies were reviewed to determine areas that
needed additional research before the ATS was
implemented. From previous work, it was known
that the NSM discharge water was circumneutral,
the permeability of the treatment cells decreases
over time, and the temperature of the ATS affects
the performance and potentially the permeability.
To assist with the design for the NSM ATS,
column studies, a literature search, and a review of
previously installed systems were performed.
2.3.1 Column Studies
At the Mike Mansfield Advanced Technology
Center in Butte, Montana, DOE conducted column
studies with water obtained from the NSM site.
The objective of the column studies was to ensure
the apatite medium would be applicable for
treatment of the near-neutral, Zn-contaminated
water (Figure 2-1). The apatite medium had not
previously been tested in a neutral pH
environment; prior laboratory- and field-scale
studies/demonstrations had been conducted using
contaminated waters with lower pH, which causes
greater dissolution of the apatite material
(Ref 20).
For the study, two columns of 10% (by weight)
apatite mixed with silica sand were exposed to
water from the Nevada Stewart Tunnel for 2
weeks. The flow rate through one column was 5
milliliters per minute (mL/min) and the other was
10 mL/min. After the 2-week test period, Zn was
breaking through at the higher flow rate, but was
being retained at approximately 60% metals
removal efficiency in the lower flow rate system.
Results showed that the Fe was also removed by
the low flow rate test system. It was determined
that the circumneutral pH had a greater
detrimental effect on Zn removal due to decreased
dissolution of the apatite, therefore, decreasing
"reactivity" with the target ions. A second
detrimental effect of the NSM water was caused
by Fe deposition, which further decreases the
adsorption/precipitation of Zn. After performing
the column studies, recommendations for the field
design included increasing the residence time by
decreasing the flow rate through the system,
increasing apatite concentration, or a combination
ofboth.
2.3.2 Scale- Up for Field Design
Data/laboratory results obtained from the column
study were used to provide information for the
design of the ATS. Calculations were made to
scale-up the volume of the treatment medium to
allow for adequate residence time by controlling
the flow rate through the system. The apatite
concentration was also increased from 10 weight
percent (wt%) to 33 wt% to provide improved
adsorption/precipitation of Zn from that observed
in the column study. The field system also had 66
wt% gravel. Design details can be found in
MSB's DOE reports (Refs. 20 and 21).
2.3.3 Source of Apatite 77™
The Silver Valley Natural Resource Trust
(SVNRT) transferred ownership of a quantity of
Apatite II™ material (approximately 26 cubic
yards) originally obtained from PIMS NW, Inc.,
for use at the Success Site to the Idaho Department
of Environmental Quality (IDEQ) in May 2002.
Apatite II™ (U.S. Patent Number 6,217,775) is a
form of cleaned fishbone apatite developed by
PIMS NW, Inc.
As defined by the column studies, the amount of
apatite treatment medium available from SVNRT
was a limiting factor in determining the volume of
contaminated water to be treated. Calculations
were performed, using the information acquired
during the column study, to determine the volume
of water that could be treated by the ATS design.
It was determined that approximately 20 gpm
would be diverted and treated on a continuous
basis in the ATS at the NSM. An average of
17.9 gpm was treated during system operation.
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2.4 Technology Implementation
The specific tasks and specifications required to
install the fully contained, subsurface retention
basin (Tank 1) and treatment system (Tanks 2, 3,
and 4) are described below and illustrated in
Figures 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4.
All piping and tanks were emplaced below ground
level to protect the ATS from freezing conditions,
for odor control, to inhibit public access, and to
maintain natural hydraulic flow through the
system. The manhole and valve covers to the
tanks were buried and insulated, and the tanks
were buried at least 1 foot below ground surface.
The piping was buried at least 2 feet below the
ground surface, with a layer of tarpaper above the
piping to provide frost dissipation.
2.4.1 Surface Water Diversion and
Sediment Control
The construction of a catch basin for sediment
control was completed before other construction at
the site to allow for all surface water and NSM
drainage to be diverted during the subsequent
phases of construction catch basin. The location
of the catch basin is depicted in Figure 2-3 and a
cross section of the catch basin is shown in Figure
2-4. The diversion system provided a means to
measure the mine discharge and flows into the
treatment system and catch basin, and allowed
sediment/solids to be captured before discharging
to Highland Creek. The system also diverted flow
under the road removing mine flow over the road
and its sediment contribution from vehicles
tracking through the flow.
The water diversion system consisted of liner
material placed to divert the NSM drainage into a
60-degree, trapezoidal flume (Figure 2-5). The
flume directed the adit drainage through two
adjustable 6-inch valves. One directed flow
through a 6-inch Thel-Mar weir (Figure 2-6) to
measure the flow into the retention basin (and
subsequently to the treatment system). The other
directed flow through a bypass system and into the
sediment control/catch basin system before
discharging into the stream (Figure 2-2). During
construction of the retention basin and treatment
systems, all water was directed through the bypass
portion of the system.
The sediment control/catch basin system consisted
of a 25-foot by 10-foot by 5-foot deep excavation,
lined with approximately 6 inches of gravel and
large rock (approximately 1 to 2 inches in
diameter), as shown in the cross section of the
catch basin in Figure 2-7. Both the treated and
nontreated water filter through the gravel/rock
material and approximately 3 feet of natural
stream bank vegetation (grass, trees, and low
shrubs) and material before discharging into the
stream. Discoloration was noticeable in the
bypass.
2.4.2 Subsurface Retention Basin Design
Following the water diversion system
construction, material was excavated from the area
where the water retention basin and treatment
systems were located. Once the site was
excavated, a 3-inch sand bed was laid down as a
base for all the tanks and piping. The influent
from the tunnel drainage was at the highest
elevation with depths increasing to the retention
tank, header, treatment tanks, and post-treatment
and discharge piping. Surface elevation and
bottom of the retention basin was measured to
ensure consistent level measurement for the tanks.
The retention basin design consisted of a buried
1500-gallon septic tank (5 feet high by 6 feet wide
by 13 feet, 2 inches long) with an internal baffle to
facilitate sediment settling (see the plan view of
Tank 1 in Figure 2-4). Valves controlled the
influent flow out through a 10-inch pipe near the
top of the retention basin (Tank 1) and was
directed to the treatment system via a 10-inch pipe
(Figure 2-8).
2.4.3 Treatment System Design
The treatment system consisted of three
3,000-gallon septic tanks (8 feet in diameter by
10 feet long) placed in parallel so that each
treatment cell/tank could accommodate a third of
the flow (approximately 6 gpm) through the
system (Figures 2-3, 2-4, and 2-9). Preceding
each tank, an adjustable butterfly valve was used
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to control the flow through the apatite medium.
Within each tank, two baffles were used to guide
the flow through the system; the first one was
placed approximately 3 feet from the tank inlet
and the second one approximately 3 feet from the
first baffle (Figure 2-10 and Figure 2-11). A 3-
foot diameter access manhole and riser emerged
from each section of the tank up to the ground
surface for easy treatment medium emplacement,
access, and cleanout.
As designed, flow entered Treatment Tanks 2, 3,
and 4 near the tank bottom and flowed up through
the treatment medium in the first section, over the
first baffle, down through the second section of
treatment medium, under the second baffle, then
up through the treatment medium in the third
section and exited at the end of the tank near the
top. Due to this flow regime, the medium was
completely saturated, creating an anaerobic
environment. Once the water exited the treatment
cells, it flowed through sections of a 10-inch pipe
equipped with a 10-inch Thel-Mar weir to measure
flow. Manholes/risers functioned as sample ports
[Sample Port 1 (SP1), Sample Port 2 (SP2), and
Sample Port 3 (SP3)] allowing for post treatment
water quality samples to be drawn for laboratory
analyses.
Upon exiting the sample zone, the treated water
flowed into a 10-inch pipe extending under
Highland Creek road and into the catch basin
before discharging into Highland Creek. A
subsurface vent system was placed in the exiting
piping system to promote the release of any off-
gas production within the pipe. The odor control
issue was addressed by passing the off-gas through
a vent containing granulated activated carbon. See
Figure 2-4 for cross-section of the odor control
devices.
A photo of the site just after the ATS was installed
is shown in Figure 2-12, a photo of the site after
two years is shown in Figure 2-13, and a photo
showing the system just after closure is depicted in
Figure 2-14.
2.4.4 Treatment Medium Installation
The proper ratio of apatite to gravel was
established based on the results of column studies
performed for DOE, the system implemented at
the Success Mine, and recommendations from the
patent holder for the apatite medium—PIMS NW.
The apatite provided by the IDEQ needed to be
crushed to a smaller size fraction (< 1-% inch) to
provide additional surface area for treatment
processes to occur. To reduce the size fraction of
the apatite in the medium, it was rotated in a
cement mixer that acted as a grinding mill to
process (crush and mix) the apatite medium
(Figure 2-15). Once the medium was
appropriately sized, it was mixed with the gravel.
The material was then funneled into each section
of the treatment tank via the manholes/risers.
Approximately 24 inches office board was left at
the top of each tank. Additionally, approximately,
3 inches of gravel was placed on top of the
medium to prevent flushing of the medium into the
next section of the tank (Figure 2-16).
10
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Column Studies
Effluent
Denstone
balls
Apatite/Sand
10cm
Denstone
balls
Influent
Figure 2-1. Column study.
11
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Figure 2-2. Map showing installation of the Apatite Treatment System at the Nevada Stewart Mine.
12
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Figure 2-3. Location of sediment control system/catch basin.
13
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Figure 2-4. Cross-section of catch basin, retention basin, and treatment tank.
14
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Figure 2-5. Sixty-degree trapezoidal flume used to direct NSM adit discharge through the ATS.
Figure 2-6. Thel-Mar weir and bubbler used to measure flow from treatment tanks.
15
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Figure 2-7. ATS catch basin for effluent water.
16
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Figure 2-8. ATS Tank 1 (retention basin) used to trap debris in water.
Figure 2-9. ATS Tank 4 being placed at NSM.
17
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Figure 2-10. NSM ATS construction prior to covering system.
Figure 2-11. ATS system uncovered with risers and sample ports constructed.
18
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Figure 2-12. NSM ATS just after construction looking upstream (November 2002).
Figure 2-13. NSM ATS 2 years after installation looking downstream (September 2004).
19
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Figure 2-14. NSM ATS after closure of system.
Figure 2-15. Installation of whole-bone apatite and gravel mixture into treatment tanks.
20
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Figure 2-16. Whole bone apatite/gravel media before submerging it with water. Note vertical
baffle/partition visible in photo.
21
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3. Performance Monitoring and Testing Methods
Several monitoring and testing methods were used
to determine the effectiveness of the ATS and
determine the attenuation mechanisms capable of
removing metals from the NSM discharge. The
performance monitoring and testing at the site
included:
- monitoring system influent and effluent flow
rates by MSB;
- monitoring water quality of the system flows
and localized stream flows (resulting in
geochemical and statistical analyses
performed by Golder and EPA-NRMRL,
respectively);
- testing solid phase media [including X-ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), total solid digestion
analysis of the fishbone, and energy
dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses performed
by Montana Tech];
- monitoring the influent and effluent flow for
toxicity (analysis performed by the EPA-
NRMRL) in 2003; and
- monitoring the influent and effluent water
for bacteriological activity by the Center for
Innovation (CFI).
This section describes the monitoring and testing
methods used for evaluating the ATS.
3.1 ATS Flow Monitoring Design and
Methods
The treatment system was designed as a
watertight, closed treatment system allowing for
the influent and effluent flow to be measured and
the reduction in historic metal loading to be
evaluated. The total discharge from the mine was
measured using a 60-degree, extra large
trapezoidal flume. Historically, flow
measurements and background information were
acquired from the Bureau of Land Management
and that information indicated that the discharge
from the mine adit ranged from approximately 50
to 60 gpm all year (Ref 3).
The flow to the ATS was split into two flows
immediately after the total flow was measured in
the flume. The inlet pipe 6-inch valve was set to
approximately 17 gpm, to a 6-inch Thel-Mar weir
at (SP1) and then into the retention tank and ATS.
Any flow exceeding 17 gpm was diverted through
the 6-inch bypass valve and pipe and then into the
catch basin (Figures 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4).
On the down-gradient effluent side of each of the
treatment tanks, the effluent flow was measured
using 10-inch Thel-Mar weirs [SP2, SP3, and
Sample Port 4 (SP4)] (Ref. 1). The flow was
measured once a month unless weather conditions
or plugging of the system prohibited sampling
during a specific month. Flow rate data in gallons
per minute from each sampling event is provided
in Figure 4-2 and in Appendix A.
3.2 Water Quality Monitoring
MSE and Golder personnel took water quality
samples and flow measurements at SP1, Sample
Port A (SPA), SP2, SP3, and SP4. After the mine
discharge water had been split, influent water
quality samples were taken at API and SPA
(located at the inflow and outflow of Tank 1,
respectively) to check the effect of the retention
tank. Effluent water quality samples were taken as
the flow exited Tank 2 (SP2); Tank 3 (SP3); and
Tank 4 (SP4) (Figures 2-9, 2-10, and 2-11). Water
quality data from the sampling events is in
Appendix A.
Monthly water samples and field parameters were
taken at the site. Samples were analyzed at HKM
Laboratory for specific groups of constituents. A
list of the analyzed constituents is in Table 3-1.
3.2.1 Toxicity Characterization
Water samples from the NSM site were shipped to
the EPA Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, where a
series of acute aquatic toxicity tests with
Pimephales promelas (P. promelas), the fathead
minnow, and Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia), a
freshwater invertebrate, were conducted. The
22
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purpose of these tests was to establish the level of
toxicity for the discharge from the mine site and to
evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment process
utilized at the site (Appendix B). MSB and Golder
took toxicity samples annually, which EPA
evaluated at the AAALAC Certified Aquatic
Research Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio.
3.2.1.1 Methods
Samples were collected in 1-gallon containers. At
least 4 liters of sample were collected from the
mine discharge (SP-1), the three tank outlets in the
treatment process discharge (SP-2, SP-3, SP-4)
and samples upstream and downstream of
treatment system. Sample containers were
completely filled so no air space was left after they
were capped. Samples were placed in a cooler
with ice and shipped overnight to the EPA facility
in Cincinnati. All coolers were received in good
condition with all seals intact, and all samples
were in acceptable condition. A total of four water
samples were received annually, and the following
standard testing conditions were followed for each
set of samples (Tables 3-2 and 3-3).
3.3 Solid Phase Characterization
Montana Tech performed an in-depth literature
search, XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis to
determine and identify the solid materials present
in the treatment media and gather information for
defining the attenuation mechanisms functioning
to remove dissolved metals from solution within
the treatment tanks.
One of the goals of this project was to determine
the mechanisms responsible for the attenuation of
dissolved metals from mining impacted water
using fishbone apatite.
An extensive literature search was conducted
using several databases available through the
Montana Tech Library. A complete listing of all
documents found during the literature search is
located in the Reference section of Montana
Tech's final report provided in Appendix C.
Solid samples of treatment media were collected at
selected depths within each treatment tank twice
during the project. These samples were used to
evaluate whether there was concentration
stratification formed within the treatment tanks
and at what depth certain metals are removed from
solution. Montana Tech took the first solid
samples in July 2003, and MSE collected the
second set at the closure of the project in
September 2004. Core samples were collected at
varying depths (surface, 8, 16, 24, and 32 inches)
from Tanks 2, 3, and 4 using a 2-inch diameter
manual core sampler. The samples were taken
from the middle section of the ATS, where flow
was forced vertically downward between the
baffles. The samples were stored in 1-quart Ziploc
bags, labeled, and refrigerated until use. The solid
samples were digested and prepared according to
EPA Test Method 3 05 OB, Method Two,
Preparation of Sediments, Sludges, and Soil
Samples for the Analysis of Samples by Inductively
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP).
Samples were then analyzed for total metals at
SVL Analytical in Kellogg, Idaho for the
constituents Ca, Cd, Fe, magnesium (Mg), Mn, Pb,
and Zn. The solid media sampled and digested
was biased toward fishbone, meaning that the 1- to
l!/2-inch gravel was not analyzed or digested.
Please refer to Section 4.5 for total metals results.
The bone samples collected were also analyzed
using XRD and SEM/EDX. Appendix C contains
the final report from Montana Tech that discusses
the methods and results of the solid media analysis
from the ATS.
3.4 Bacteriological Characterization
In September 2004, during the closure of the
project, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) samples
were taken and evaluated by CFI. These solid
samples were taken to determine the level of SRB
activity in each of the treatment tanks at the end of
the demonstration project. The SRB results by the
most probable number method were used to assist
with the determination of the attenuation
mechanisms working within each of the treatment
tanks. Coliform analysis was also conducted
every month at SP1, SP4, and upstream and
downstream locations in the creek.
23
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Table 3-1. Baseline and Target Constituents Monitored at the NSM ATS
Constituent
]
PH
Temperature
Conductivity
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
(ORP)
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Flow
Ports 1 to 4 Poi
ia so lino Target Tai
Field Parameters
1 A Upstream/Down-Stream
•get Stream Target
XXX X
XXX X
XXX X
XXX X
XXX X
XXX X
General Parameters/Major Ions
Alkalinity
Acidity
Ca
Mg
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Sulfate
Sulfide
Chloride
Fluoride
X X
X X
XXX
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
Dissolved and Total Metals
Silicon (Si)
Al
Fe
Hg
Selenium (Se)
Ag
Thallium
Cd
Cu
Mn
Pb
Zn
As
Sb
Ni
Beryllium (Be)
Chromium (Cr)
X
X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
XXX
X X
X
XXX X
X
X
X
X
X
Nutrients
Total Ammonia
Nitrate
Nitrite
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Dissolved Orthophosphate
Total P
Dissolved Total P
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bacteriological
Coliform Bacteria*
X X
X
aColiform bacteria monitored at SP1 and SP4, Upstream and Downstream.
24
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Table 3-2. Standard Test Conditions for C. dubia Acute Toxicity Tests with Superfund and/or Mine Waste Samples
Test Criteria Specifications
Test Type Static-renewal
Test Duration 48 hours
Temperature 20 °C ± 1 °C
Photoperiod 16 hours light/8 hours dark
Test Chamber Size 30 milliliters (mL) (plastic cups)
Test Solution Volume 15 mL
Renewal of Test Solution Daily
Age of Test Organisms Less than 24-hours old
Number of Organisms/Per Test Chamber 5
Number of Replicate Chambers/Concentration 4
Number of Organisms/Concentration 20
Feeding None, fed while holding prior to test setup
Dilution Water Moderately Hard Reconstituted Water (MHRW)
Endpoint Mortality, LC50
Test Acceptability > 90% survival in the controls
Table 3-3. Standard Test Conditions for P. promelas Acute Toxicity Tests with Superfund and/or Mine Waste Samples
Test Criteria Specifications
Test Type Static-renewal
Test Duration 48 hours
Temperature 20 °C ± 1 °C
Photoperiod 16 hours light/8 hours dark
Test Chamber Size 175 mL (plastic cups)
Test Solution Volume 150 mL
Renewal of Test Solution Daily
Age of Test Organisms 5 days ± 24-hour age range
Number of Organisms/Per Test Chamber 10
Number of Replicate-Chambers/Concentration 2
Number of Organisms/Concentration 20
Feeding Feed newly hatched brine shrimp prior to testing;
do not feed during the test
Dilution Water MHRW
Endpoint Mortality, LC50
Test Acceptability > 90% survival in the controls
25
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4. ATS Performance Monitoring Results
4.1 Flow Volume Results
The ATS was designed as a watertight (closed)
treatment system that allowed the effluent and
influent flow rates to be measured. A conservative
estimate of the total volume of flow treated by the
ATS was approximately 13.4 million gallons. The
flow for the months of December 2002 through
February 2003, when the ATS was plugged, along
with the month of January 2004, when weather
prevented access to the site, was not included in
this total flow volume estimate. While the system
was designed to treat 20 gpm, the average flow
rate through the system was approximately
17.9 gpm, and this flow varied on a monthly basis
(Table 4-1). Treatment Tank 3 treated 48.6% of
the flow going through the system (an average
flow rate through media was 8.7 gpm); Tank 2
treated 33% of the system flow (an average flow
of 5.9 gpm); and Tank 4 treated the least amount
of flow, approximately 18% (an average flow rate
of 3.3 gpm) (Table 4-1).
Flow through the system was variable due to
seasonal fluctuations and the changes in
permeability within certain tanks due to settling,
increased precipitation of metals, and air sparging
of the system that was done to improve the
permeability and create new flow pathways
through the media. An air compressor with a long
lance attachment that could be inserted into the
media beds was used to agitate the media. The
flow responses to the permeability enhancements
conducted in the ATS are presented in Figure 4-1.
In this figure, the influent flow reflects seasonal
peaks, which occurred during April and May of
both project years. May 2003 had the highest
volumetric flow through the system at 1.3 million
gallons (Figure 4-2). After May 2003, the tanks
started to plug for the second time, and air was
injected to enhance and restore permeability in the
ATS. After May 2003, Tank 2 (SP2) recorded the
highest flow values for a period of 3 months; after
that period, Tank 3 again treated the majority of
the system flow, with some minor fluctuations.
The ATS was plugged from December 2002 to
February 2003, and samples were not collected in
either December 2002 or January 2003. In
February 2003, samples were collected, but those
results reflect the conditions of a plugged system,
not a properly functioning system. Also, samples
were not collected in January 2004 due to adverse
weather conditions. An additional sampling event
was scheduled and conducted in April 2004 (i.e.,
samples were taken on April 1 and 29, 2004).
4.2 Water Quality Monitoring Results
Monthly sampling was performed at the Nevada
Stewart ATS from November 2002 through
August 2004. The main influent sampling location
sample port (SP1) and the effluent sample ports
(SP2, SP3, and SP4) were sampled monthly
(Figure 2-3). Sample Port A was sampled
annually to determine the amount of metals
removed in Tank 1, the retention basin. The water
quality samples were analyzed by HKM
Laboratory and personnel acquired the field
parameters such as pH, ORP, specific conductivity
(SC), DO, and temperature. The complete water
quality data set for the project is presented in
Appendix A.
Since the permeability of the system declined
throughout the project due to media settling and
metals precipitation, the permeability in the
treatment tanks was improved using air-
sparging/injection techniques a number of times.
Air was injected into the media through the
manholes to lift the media, resulting in the creation
of alternative and larger flow pathways. The
permeability of the ATS was enhanced after
sampling was conducted in February 2003, May
2003, October 2003, and April 2004.
Performance monitoring results and observations
are presented in this section in the following order:
• pH and Alkalinity;
• Temperature and SC;
26
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• Redox Conditions (ORP, DO, ammonia, and
sulfide);
• Major Ions (Ca, Mg, and sulfate);
• Metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Mn);
• Nutrients (P and nitrogen); and
• Bacteriological (coliform and SRBs).
4.2.1 pH and A Ikalinity
Over the duration of the project, there was a
seasonal cycle in pH observed for the influent
water (Figure 4-3). The ATS influent pH ranged
from 5.3 to 7.0. Influent pH values increased
throughout the fall of 2003 remaining stable over
the winter months at levels comparable to the
winter values observed in 2002 (i.e., pH values
from 6.1 to 6.7). This seasonal cycle was repeated
in 2004.
For the ATS effluent flows, the average pH ranged
from 6.0 to 7.0, except during two instances. The
first instance occurred during the period between
December 2002 and February 2003, when the ATS
system was clogged. Flow throughout the system
was restored in February 2003; however, the
conditions of the system, as a result of the
clogging, were reflected in the pH values recorded
from the February 2003 sampling data
(Figure 4-3). At that time, the pH at SP4 was
alkaline (pH of 8) and the pH of other treatment
cells was approximately neutral (pH of 7). The
effluent pH values recorded on April 29, 2004 and
May 25, 2004, were lower than historically
recorded. On April 29, 2004, effluent pH values
ranged from 5.3 to 5.5 and were lower than the
measured influent pH.
The alkalinity of the effluent water was slightly
less than that of the influent waters (Figure 4-4).
The most significant difference in alkalinity was
observed just after the ATS was installed in
November 2002. Sample Port 4 consistently
recorded slightly higher alkalinity, up to
approximately 30 milligrams per liter (mg/L) more
than SP1, SP2 and SP3, with the exception of
November 2003 and March to early April 2004,
when SP3 samples had higher alkalinity.
4.2.2 Temperature and Specific
Conductivity
Minimal variability of the water temperature from
the NSM discharge (the influent) and the effluent
from the ATS was recognized throughout the
project duration; the difference was typically less
than 1 °C and the maximum difference was 2.8 °C.
The flow from the underground workings had a
fairly constant temperature and did not exhibit
seasonal fluctuations. However, the temperature
fluctuations of Highland Creek, due to seasonal
conditions, were dramatic and a graphed
representation is provided in Figure 4-5, where US
depicts values from the upstream monitoring
location and downstream (DS) depicts values from
the downstream monitoring location (Figure 2-2).
The SC for the NSM adit discharge, the ATS, and
Highland Creek show minimal variability. The
main fluctuations recorded were on February 2003
when the system was plugged and on April 29,
2004, and the reason for an outlier cannot be
defined (Figure 4-6).
4.2.3 ORP, DO, Ammonia, and Sulfide
The influent from the NSM adit into the ATS was
slightly oxidized, as indicated by the presence of
DO ranging from 6 to 11 mg/L and by the positive
ORP values ranging from 160 to 320 mV (Figures
4-7 and 4-8). Influent ORP values fluctuated
seasonally; thus, the ORP values were lower in
November and during the springtime
runoff/snowmelt periods. The ORP of the effluent
waters during the first year of monitoring
indicated a change toward reducing conditions,
ranging from -90 to 230 mV. From November
2003 to project closure, Tank 2 and 3 maintained
higher recorded ORP values (150 mV) than Tank
4, which became increasingly reducing at the
closure of the project (ORP < 100 mV). Between
November 2003 and April 29, 2004, differences
between influent and effluent ORP were minimal
(< 10 mV difference). Air sparging did not appear
to affect effluent ORP values, an increase in ORP
was not consistently observed following sparging
events.
27
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Comparisons of the effluent water qualities,
indicates variability in the redox conditions
between treatment tanks. Although all treatment
tank effluent data shows a decline in DO relative
to the influent, since May 2003 greater reductions
in DO were typically observed in SP2 and SP4
compared to SP3 (Figure 4-7).
The 2004 effluent monitoring results show fairly
low sulfide concentrations for all treatment tanks,
ranging from below detection limits (< 0.5 to 2
mg/L). Low levels of ammonia (up to 0.2 mg/L)
and sulfide (up to 1.6 mg/L) were recorded at SP1
(Figures 4-9 and 4-10 or Appendix D). Over the
total monitoring period, a general decline in
effluent sulfide concentrations have been
observed. Except at SP4 from April 29, 2004 until
the project closure, recorded ORP values declined
while sulfide, ammonia, and bacteria (coliform)
concentrations increased.
Throughout 2003, SP4 consistently recorded the
highest sulfide concentrations (Figure 4-10). On
the basis of increased sulfide content, SP4
provided data consistent with enhanced SRB
activity.
4.2.4 Major Ions
Calcium, Mg, and sulfate were included in the
target analyte suite. Calcium concentrations in the
influent were relatively stable, ranging from 83 to
103 mg/L. Effluent waters reported slightly higher
Ca concentrations, up to 111 mg/L (Figure 4-11).
Monthly monitoring results showed little
difference between Mg influent and effluent
concentrations, typically less than 1 mg/L
(Figure 4-12).
Declining sulfate concentrations were observed
between the influent and effluent samples;
generally, the declining sulfate concentrations
coincided with increasing sulfide concentrations.
On a monthly basis, the sample port reporting the
highest concentration in sulfide reported the
greatest decline in sulfate (Figure 4-13).
4.2.5 Metals
The ATS appears to have effectively attenuated
Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd, and Pb (Figure 4-14). However,
due to the variability of flows through each
treatment tank, the results obtained reflect the
effect of the variability with respect to metals
concentration, retention time, and attenuation
mechanisms functioning in each tank.
Zinc
Over the duration of the ATS monitoring project,
the influent dissolved Zn concentrations from
samples taken at Tank 1 have gradually increased
from approximately 5.5 to 8.0 mg/L
(Figure 4-15). Dissolved Zn at Tank 2 ranged
between nondetect and 5 mg/L (Figure 4-15).
Tank 3 ranged between nondetect and 6 mg/L.
Tank 4 ranged between nondetect and 1.5 mg/L.
The effluent dissolved Zn concentrations were
below 5 mg/L for both Tanks 2 and 4. Between
November 2003 and April 2004, Tank 4 effluent
Zn concentrations gradually increased, coinciding
with the increase in DO, indicating a change to
more oxidizing conditions. The Zn concentrations
for Tanks 2 and 4 gradually increased over the
duration of the project. Tank 4 reduced the Zn
concentrations below 0.1 mg/L for over a year and
then the maximum Zn concentration recorded was
1.6 mg/L during the April 29, 2004, sampling
event. At the closure of the project (August 17,
2004) the Zn concentrations were approximately
0.1 mg/L at Tank 4.
However, Tank 3 exceeded the 5 mg/L after 11
months (i.e., effluent Zn concentration ranged
from 1 to 6 mg/L) and after treating 3.5 millions
gallons of NSM water (Figure 4-15), provided the
least Zn attenuation. The effluent Zn
concentrations were reduced when air was
entrained into the treatment tanks to improve the
permeability of the apatite media.
The Highland Creek Zn concentrations were
higher downstream of the ATS. This results from
waste material at the site and untreated adit
discharge that bypassed the system. Between 50%
and 65% of the untreated discharge enters
28
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Highland Creek up-gradient of the downstream
sampling location. It should be noted that only 17
gpm of the approximately 40 to 60 gpm flow
discharging from the NSM adit was treated by the
ATS.
Iron
Dissolved iron concentration in the discharge was
relatively low. For applications with higher
dissolved iron concentrations, iron precipitates
will likely clog the treatment media. On average,
the influent concentration for Fe recorded at
Tank 1 was approximately 0.6 mg/L. However,
concentrations varied between 0.2 and 0.9 mg/L.
Lower iron concentrations were recorded for the
effluent flows than the influent flows for the full
duration of the project (Figure 4-16). Over the
duration of the project, there were significant
variations between the treatment tanks. At
Treatment Tank 2, the Fe concentrations did not
exceed 0.2 mg/L for the project duration, and
permeability enhancements reduced the Fe
concentrations except on May 2003 when flows
were uncharacteristically high. Higher Fe
concentrations were recorded when the system
was partially clogged.
Tank 3 iron concentrations peaked from May to
October 2003. During this period, large quantities
of water were treated in Tank 3. Air
enhancements decreased the concentrations of Fe
every time at Tank 3.
Tank 4 iron concentrations exceeded 0.2 mg/L
only twice, in June and July 2004. Peak
concentrations coincided with the increase in
dissolved Fe concentrations in the influent.
Permeability enhancements effectively reduced the
concentrations of dissolved Fe in the effluent until
April 2004, when the Fe concentrations increased
at SP4, which correlates to very low ORP values
and increased sulfide concentrations.
Manganese
The concentration of dissolved Mn in the influent
to the ATS was approximately 0.6 mg/L on
average with only minor variations through the
project duration (Figure 4-17). The effluent
dissolved Mn concentration for Tank 2 ranged
between a maximum of 0.42 mg/L and a minimum
of 0.071 mg/L.
The effluent dissolved Mn concentrations in Tank
3 ranged from a maximum of 0.5 mg/L during
April and May 2003 to a minimum of 0.092 mg/L
in June of 2004. It should be noted that Tank 3
treated 0.85 million gpm during April and May
2003 compared to 0.15 million gpm in June 2004.
Additionally, permeability enhancements reduced
the Mn concentrations significantly in Tank 3,
lowering the resultant concentration each time it
was performed (Figure 4-17).
Tank 4 dissolved Mn concentrations ranged
between a maximum level of 0.384 mg/L to a
minimum of 0.155 mg/L. The concentration at
Tank 4 increased after air enhancement of the
ATS. However, as time progressed, the Mn
concentration decreased until another permeability
enhancement was initiated.
Cadmium
Observed influent concentrations for Cd were very
low at < 1 part per billion (ppb) (Figure 4-18).
Dissolved concentrations monitored in the effluent
water were generally below the detection limits.
The highest Cd concentrations recorded for this
project were those in Highland Creek, both in the
upstream and downstream samples. The
concentration of Cd in the ATS effluent was at or
below the laboratory instrumentation detection
limit. The highest Cd concentrations occurred in
the winter of 2003, from November 2003 to April
2004, from samples collected in Highland Creek.
Lead
The influent concentrations for Pb were also very
low, 0.0005 to 0.0023 mg/L (Figure 4-19). From
November 2003, the concentration of Pb in the
effluent was at or below the laboratory
instrumentation detection limit. The highest Pb
concentrations in the treatment effluent were in
June and July 2003 just after the ATS air
enhancement was performed.
29
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The highest Pb concentrations recorded for this
project were those in Highland Creek, both in the
upstream and downstream samples. The Pb
concentrations for Highland Creek were always
higher than the influent Pb concentrations from the
NSM. During the initial months of the project, the
Pb concentrations downstream were higher than
Pb concentrations upstream. In May 2003, this
trend reversed and higher concentrations of Pb
were detected upstream and lower concentrations
were recorded downstream of the ATS
(Figure 4-19).
4.2.6 Nutrients
As expected, an increase in P concentrations was
detected in the effluent when compared to the
influent (Figure 4-20). However, the total
phosphorous in Highland Creek, upstream was
near that of the downstream samples. However,
on July 2003 and September 2003, the Highland
Creek upstream total P values exceeded the
downstream values from 0.2 mg/L to as much as
5 mg/L.
The total nitrogen in the effluent was also higher
than in the influent (Figure 4-21). The highest
nitrogen concentration in the effluent was reported
in November 2002 during the initial start-up
month for the ATS in Tank 4. Tanks 2 and 4
recorded the highest nitrate/nitrite values, but all
were below 1.5 mg/L.
Plots of dissolved orthophosphate and Kjeldahl
nitrogen are provided in Figure 4-22 and
Figure 4-23. The dissolved orthophosphate
concentrations are much higher in Tank 4 than
Tanks 2 and 3 for the full duration of the project.
Tank 3 was 38 mg/L and SP2 was 8 mg/L. These
concentrations decreased after the system was
unplugged in February 2003. As the system was
restarted, the recorded concentrations were below
2 mg/L (Figure 4-22). Peak concentrations
occurred in July 2004 just before closure of the
project.
Kjeldahl nitrogen was highest in November 2002
in Tank 2 and Tank 3, when the ATS was brought
on-line. Injection of the air into the ATS changed
which tank provided the highest monthly source of
Kjeldahl nitrogen. Initially, Tank 3 provided the
highest source of Kjeldahl nitrogen, but after
unplugging the system, Tank 4 recorded higher
values, then Tank 2. Changes are concurrent with
air injection into the ATS to enhance permeability
(Figure 4-23).
4.2.7 Bacteriological
Influent and effluent total coliform concentrations,
measured at SP4, are shown in Figure 4-24. See
also Figure 13 in Golder's report in Appendix D.
Influent total coliform concentrations typically
ranged from below detection limits (< 1 per
100 mL) to less than 10 per 100 mL. The July
2004 influent total coliform concentrations were
anomalously high at 140 per 100 mL. The total
coliform was generally less for the influent than
the effluent. Peak effluent total coliform was
measured in March 2003 at 500 per 100 mL; June
2003 at 467 per 100 mL; March 2004 at 30 per
100 mL; and July 2004 at 500 per 100 mL. Total
coliform values from SP4 exceeded the coliform
values from Highland Creek, both upstream and
downstream, on the months listed above.
Otherwise, the treatment tank coliforms were less
than the coliform values recorded for the stream.
The results of the single SRB enumerations are
shown in Table 4-2. These results of the
microbiological analyses are from samples taken
on September 29, 2004. The samples were
analyzed for SRB using a most probable number
(MPN) assay. Results indicate that SRBs were not
active in the influent samples or in the effluent
from Treatment Tank 3. However, viable
quantities of SRBs were present in the effluent
from Treatment Tanks 2 and 4.
4.3 Geochemical Modeling
Geochemical modeling was conducted by Golder.
Section 4.4 is taken from the Golder report.
Golder also prepared interim reports throughout
the study. The complete report provided by
Golder is in Appendix D. This model has the
ability to simulate mixing of water,
precipitation/dissolution of selected solids, redox
reaction, atmospheric interaction, and adsorption
30
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of metal onto iron oxides. The MINTEQA2
thermodynamic database was selected for this
project because it is considered by many in the
geochemical and regulatory communities to be the
most accurate geochemical database currently
available. The fast reaction kinetics of
hydroxyapatite dissolution (Ref. 22) supports the
application of an equilibrium model.
4.3.1 Speciation Modeling
Calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen showed net
increases, while iron, manganese, zinc, and
aluminum showed net declines (see Table 4-3).
To evaluate possible controlling mineral phases,
inflow and outflow water chemistries were
speciated and saturation indices evaluated.
Concentrations of constituents reported as below
detectable limits were assumed equal to the
detection limit during the modeling exercise. The
potential for mineral precipitation was assessed
using the saturation index provided in Appendix D
and shown in Table 4-4 for August 2004.
4.4 Solid Phase Sampling Results
During the implementation of the ATS, three
5-gallon samples of treatment tank material
(unused fishbone and gravel) were taken as the
media was placed into the treatment tanks from the
cement mixers (Figures 2.15 and 2.16). One
representative sample was taken from each tank.
For each bucket, the fishbone and gravel was
separated, weighed, and the volumes were
calculated.
Results showed that the unused media was 66.7%
fishbone by volume, and 30.2% fishbone by
weight; and the unit weights of the fishbone and
gravel were calculated to be 20.85 pounds per
cubic foot (pcf) and 94 pcf, respectively.
For the ATS treatment system, the total weight of
the gravel used was 10 tons and the total weight of
the Apatite II™ was 5 tons. Equal quantities of
gravel and fishbone were distributed through each
treatment tank.
4.4.1 Total Digestion of Fishbone from A TS
Fishbone samples from Tanks 2, 3, and 4 were
digested and analyzed to determine the total
concentrations of contaminants contained on the
fishbone.
Digested fishbone samples from each tank were
sent to SVL Analytical in Kellogg, Idaho for the
analysis of Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca. The
results for the solid phase digestions are presented
in Appendix E.
The results obtained from the digest analysis
indicate an increase in the concentrations of Zn,
Cd, Pb, Fe, and Mn compared to fishbone that was
not exposed to the contaminated water (Figures 4-
25, 4-26, 4-27, 4-28, and 4-29). See also Figure
21 in Golder's report in Appendix D. Untreated
fishbone samples 1, 2, and 3 were obtained from
each of the treatment tanks during the installation
of the ATS. Comparing these samples to the
treated fishbone samples collected from each
treatment tank after NSM discharge was treated,
the concentrations of Zn increased by an average
of 97 times; Mn by 48 times; Fe by 18 times; Pb
by 12 times; and Cd by 4 times. Magnesium and
Ca were the only elements analyzed that decreased
in concentration (Figures 4-30 and 4-31). Also,
see Figure 7 from the Golder Report contained in
Appendix D.
As can be seen in Figures 4-25, 4-26, 4-27, 4-28,
and 4-29, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Mn concentrations were
highest at the top or surface of the media placed in
the tanks. However, Zn concentrations varied
with depth throughout the entire sampled interval.
4.4.2 X-Ray Diffraction
Samples from Tanks 2, 3, and 4, and a sample of
the uncontaminated (raw) fishbone were analyzed
using XRD to identify any crystalline structures
present in the treatment media.
The analysis confirms the composition of the bone
as poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite. The samples
analyzed from Tanks 2, 3, and 4 had no detectable
crystalline structures other than that of the
31
-------
hydroxyapatite itself. If any crystalline materials
are being produced in the reactor, the mass of the
crystalline structure was too small to detect, or the
materials are amorphous and could not be detected
using XRD. Figure 4-32 is a representation of the
graphs produced from the XRD analysis. The
graphs from all samples were virtually identical.
4.4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy/
Energy Dispersive X-Rays
Analysis using SEM/EDX was performed on the
raw fishbone as well as the contaminated fishbone
from each treatment tank. Analyses were
performed at Montana Tech, Butte, Montana, and
Image and Chemical Analysis Laboratory,
Bozeman, Montana.
4.4.3.1 Unreacted (Raw) Fishbones
A sample of uncontaminated fishbone was
analyzed using SEM/EDX. Results from the EDX
analysis identified the primary composition of the
raw fishbone as oxygen, carbon, Ca, and P, which
are the primary elements found in hydroxyapatite.
The results are shown in Figure 4-33.
4.4.3.2 Treatment Tank 2
The results from several of the bone samples in
Treatment Tank 2 have similar trends. Zinc was
the focus during this project due to the
concentrations found in the influent water and on
the reacted fishbones. Zinc accounts for
approximately 6% of the total sample mass within
the scanned area. The EDX analysis also shows a
weight percent increase in sulfur. This trend was
common in all samples analyzed. The remaining
mass can be attributed to Ca, Al, P, silica, and
several other metals. Figure 4-34 is a spectrum of
the scan area on the bone from Treatment Tank 2.
Specific "bright spots" observed using the EDX
backscatter option on the SEM were analyzed
from a fishbone sample from Tank 2. The results
from the EDX analysis show that the scan of the
selected spot is made up primarily of oxygen, Zn,
and sulfur. The Zn accounted for approximately
18% of the total weight within the scan area, while
sulfur accounts for roughly 10%. Figure 4-35 is
the EDX scan of a bright spot from Tank 2.
4.4.3.3 Treatment Tank 3
The bone samples analyzed from Treatment Tank
3 demonstrated similar results to those from
Treatment Tank 2. Zinc is attributing roughly 6%
of the total weight within the scan area, while
sulfur contributes about 3% after treating a volume
of 2.85 million gallons of water as of July 2003.
An additional fishbone sample from Tank 3 was
analyzed using the backscatter detector. The EDX
analysis of a bright spot shows that Zn accounted
for approximately 16% of the total weight, similar
to the 18% found in Tank 2. Scans and data from
Tank 2 can be found in Appendix C.
4.4.3.4 Treatment Tank 4
The bone samples analyzed from Tank 4 are again
similar to those analyzed from Tanks 2 and 3 in
that the surface of the bone particles was enriched
in both Zn and sulfur within the area scanned
when compared to the unreacted bone. Treatment
Tank 4 had an average Zn weight percent on the
bone surface of roughly 17% and a sulfur weight
percent of approximately 13% after treating a
volume of 1.5 million gallons of water as of July
2003. The resulting average value was based on
scanning the entire surface of the fishbone not just
one location (Figure 4-36).
Table 4-5 provides the results of the EDX analysis
for a fishbone sample taken from Treatment
Tank 4.
The backscatter detector was also used to look at a
sample of fishbone from Treatment Tank 4. In
addition, a comparative analysis was performed
between one of the "bright spots" and a section of
dark surface. Figure 4-37 is an image showing the
two scanned areas. Tables that follow represent
the weight percent of various elements found
within the bright and dark regions.
Results from Table 4-6 show that the bright spot
that was analyzed is 36.5% Zn and 17.4% sulfur.
These two elements account for more than half of
the total weight percent in the area that was
scanned. Results from Table 4-6 show that the
dark region that was scanned is approximately 6%
Zn, while sulfur is roughly 5% of the total weight.
32
-------
For confirmation of the presence of ZnS, a
fishbone sample taken from Tank 4 was analyzed
under high vacuum using the SEM. Figure 4-38 is
an image of ZnS crystals that were formed on the
surface of a fishbone sample from Tank 4. This
image is magnified 9,000 times and has a scale of
300 nanometers.
The spherical structures within the image were
identified as ZnS crystals. Previous research
performed identified similar shaped ZnS crystals
in an anaerobic treatment system. Raw Fishbone
date in represents an EDX analysis of Figure 4-38.
The Zn accounts for over 36% of the total weight
within that scan region, while sulfur contributes
over 17% of the total weight.
Since ZnS is being precipitated in the ATS, it can
be stated that Cd and Pb may also precipitate as
metal sulfides. If concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Pb
were equal, the solubility products for each metal
could predict this. This is due to the solubility
products of each metal. Zinc sulfide is the most
soluble, which indicates that cadmium sulfide
(CdS) and PbS should precipitate before ZnS.
Table 4-7 is a list of the solubility products of Cd,
Pb, and Zn.
4.5 Toxicological Sampling Results
Water samples from the NSM site in Idaho were
shipped to the EPA Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio
for toxicity testing in 2003 and 2004. A series of
acute aquatic toxicity tests with P. promelas, the
fathead minnow, and C. dubia, a freshwater
invertebrate, were conducted with these
samples. The purpose of these tests was to
establish the level of toxicity for discharge from
the mine site and to evaluate the effectiveness of
the treatment process currently being used at this
site.
Routine initial chemical parameters were
determined and toxicity tests were started upon
arrival of the samples. The tests with P. promelas
and C. dubia were 48-hour renewed acute tests,
conducted at 20 °C. Each sample was analyzed
using both species.
All tests were conducted using moderately hard,
reconstituted water as the control and dilution
water. Appendix B contains summaries of all
initial and final chemistries and results for toxicity
tests.
All LC50 values were determined using the EPA
statistical analysis disk and Trimmed Spearman-
Karber Program, Version 1.5, which adjusts for
control mortality. The survival no observed acute
effect level (NOAEL) was determined using the
EPA statistical analysis disk and Dunnett's
Program, Version 1.5.
Table 4-8 summarizes the toxicity results for the
2003 and 2004 samples. The results from the tests
indicate that the treatment system being used to
remediate the waste from this mine site reduced
the toxicity of the effluent water over that of the
influent water. Refer to Appendix B for the
complete toxicity results.
33
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Monthly Flow through the System
Figure 4-1. NSM ATS flow through system in gallons per minute.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Flow Through the System in Gallons per Minute
Note: Air Enhancement
Dates are Designated by
Red Lines.
Figure 4-2. NSM ATS monthly flow through system.
34
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite T reatment System
PH
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated byRed Lines.
Figure 4-3. NSM ATS pH levels.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Alkalinity
=
o -1
p
L
U
G
G
E
T
A
M
K
S
-^
vwvw
Note: Ar Injection Dates are
Designated byRed Lines
— •— - , — ---*-
SP1 _»_SP2 SP3 SP4 -«-US »-DS
- =^^r
-,_ - -
Date
Figure 4-4. NSM ATS alkalinity.
35
-------
16 -•
u"
w
£ in
en IU
a
£
= 8
0)
Q.
E
K 6
_oj
J
0
/
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Water Temperature
-•— SP1 -B-SP2 SP3 SP4 -*-US »-DS
/X /-
L \ / ^
' / \
,^~ \ ^
\ ^x;
IT
&&&&&!§!§!§&&&&&&$•$•$•$•$•
Date
Figure 4-5. NSM ATS water temperature.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatmen
Specific Conductivity
jctivity (uS/cm)
3) CO C
3 8 I
C
O
U
o
Q.
P
L
U
G
E
D
T
N
K
S
*
^^•^^^HVI^^^^^
: System
— •— SP1 — •— SP2 SP3 SP4— *— US DS
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated By Red Lines
1 1 i
-n— Jh-i r-
a a • < •
^^^I^^TE^^ a — at ^
^^^ff^^^^™^^^^^^^ J|v
IH^B
olt- — a —
I
/\
• it
///// / /X///X
Date
Figure 4-6. NSM ATS specific conductivity.
36
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Dissolved Oxygen
Note: Air Injection Dates
are Designated By Red
Lines
Date
Figure 4-7. NSM ATS dissolved oxygen.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
ORP
Figure 4-8. NSM ATS ORP.
37
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Ammonia
Note: For Nov. 2002,
SP3=32.9.
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated byRed Lines.
41-
Figure 4-9. NSM ATS ammonia.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
70 -i
60 -
50 -
5 40 -
0)
§
m 3° "
20 -
10 -
0 -
Sulfide
p
L
U
G
G
E
D
T
A
N
y
S
«
\_
SCN £1 CO CO CO CO
O CD o O O O
SP1 -»_SP2 SP3 SP4
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated by Red Lines.
cococococo£?co^J-^J-^r
0000090000
o o o o o
Q_ ^ § "5 ^
< ^ -r> ^ <
Date
Figure 4-10. NSM ATS sulflde.
38
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
120000
100000
80000
5
3
E 60000
3
'o
TO
O
40000
20000
0
Calcium
^
,^=^
•— SP1 _e— SP2 SP3 SP4
„ * — ^
^xx^
NT
^^rV
Note: Air Injection Dates
are Designated by Red
Lines.
o o cp o ooooooo oS1000000000
Date
Figure 4-11. NSMATSCa.
O
^
'«
0
c
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Magnesium «-SPI _8-sp2 SPS SPA
\ ^*^..S ^-^' ^- , ^^ ^
— "^
CslCsl^COCOcOcOCOcOcOcOfvjCOrr)^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-
oo^oooooooooS1000000000
= £j^!°.£i = i1^-^! s«||-|-s-i = i1
co^U-S<^~'
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Sulfate
G"
~5)
E
" 200
$
"5
W
P
l_
U
G
G
E
\ - °
\/':
V •
'•^•^
SOI £| CO CO CO CO
o o o o o o
^ a i £ i * t
•-SP1 — •— SP2 SP3 SP4 US —0—03
Note: Air Injection Dates
are Designated by Red
Lines
^ >/X-
^S*
CO CO CO CO CO
O O O O O
i i A) 4. £
^ - 5 S o
Date
X-^^
/•^~
"co^r^r^r^r^r^^r^r
cpooooooooo
§s^«|-|-&i = i)
^QU_S<<^^) <
Figure 4-13. NSM ATS sulfate.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Total Dissolved Metals In vs Out, without Ca and Mg
Figure 4-14. NSM ATS total dissolved metals, in versus out, without Ca and Mg.
40
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Dissolved Zinc
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated by Red Lines.
CO CO CO CO
oooooooooooooooooooooo
CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM
COCOCOCOO)COO)O)COO)CO
CM CM CM CM
CM CM CM CM
Date
Figure 4-15. NSM ATS dissolved Zn.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Dissolved Iron
1200
SP1 _«_SP2 SP3 SP4 US —•— DS
Date
Figure 4-16. NSM ATS dissolved Fe.
41
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Dissolved Manganese
600
B)
f 500
•S 300
\
s s
s s
^ a ^
c cj i:
Figure 4-17. NSM ATS dissolved Mn.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Dissolved Cadmium
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated by Red Lines.
Figure 4-18. NSM ATS dissolved Cd.
42
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Dissolved Lead
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated by Red Lines.
Figure 4-19. NSM ATS dissolved Pb.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Total Phosphorus
^ 6 -
B>
£
^5
o
.c
Q.
4 -
^ *
0.
3
O 3 .
1- °
P
L
G
G
E
D
T
A
N
K
S
•
x .
.. ^
—•—SP1 —.— SP2 SP3 SP4 US — •— DS
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated with Red Lines.
A
x\
— «' /\
\ / y
^r ^^*
— >. '-u^*^
. A
\ ^A
\ __,,
V,^' "
(MiMiMcococococococococococo^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r
8888888888888888888888
CslCs|Q^CslCslCslCslCslCslCslCs|Q'IQ'IQ'ICslCslCslCslCslCslCslCs|
COC>}CQc3a5c>}3535co35c>}T-LO(Mo35^35LO?3c3r^
CCi^CicCiCicCicCiCSCSCScSSCiCiCiCi!;
r^o>*-(Mco^i-mcDr^cQa>o*-(M(M ^rmcDr^co
Date
Figure 4-20. NSM ATS total P.
43
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Nitrate/Nitrite
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated by Red lines.
Figure 4-21. NSM ATS nitrate/nitrite.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Tr
Dissolved Orthoph
IT
£
,0
TO
.C
0. o .
O
.C
Q_
O
.C
c - 5
o rb
•o
o
>
o
v) ,
a
•
5
\
V,
"
eatment System
losphate
4—SP1 — •— SP2 SP3 SP4 US — •— DS
Note: Air Injection Dates are
Designated by Red Lines.
X
A
V_v
• • • I — • • • • • —
^\
/^^
— • • • • • —
^f -
mm mm •
csicsicsicococococococococococo^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r
oooooooooooooooooooooo
CslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCslCsl
CoScOCQOlSoiOlCOOlS^LOC^OOl^OlLOC'iSf^
t-(M^(Mt-(M(Mt-(Mt-(MQ'IQ'IQ'|t-^^(M(M(M(Mt-
f^a5t-?3c'5^iSSr^co55ot-(M?3 ^SSr^co
Date
Figure 4-22. NSM ATS dissolved orthophosphate.
44
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
SP1 _*_SP2 SP3 SP4 —*— US •—DS
£ 6
Note: Data values for 11/2002
were:
SP1=0.06, SP2=8.0,
SP3= 38.0, and SP4=3.4.
xxx////////^
o o
/
Figure 4-23. NSM ATS Kjeldahl nitrogen.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Coliform
Figure 4-24. NSM ATS coliform.
45
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Fishbone Total Digest Zinc
« 15000
" "
Figure 4-25. NSM ATS total digest Zn.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatement System
Fishbone Total Digest Cadmium
Sample Location
Figure 4-26. NSM ATS total digest Cd.
46
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Fishbone Total Digest Iron
JH
r
?
r
?
Sample Location
Figure 4-27. NSM ATS total digest Pb.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Fishbone Total Digest Iron
o
c 10000
2
[ IfMhrfTlrfl
/
e -
n,- „,,
<
Sample Location
Figure 4-28. NSM ATS total digest Fe.
47
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Fishbone Total Digest Manganese
Sample Location
Figure 4-29. NSM ATS total digest Mn.
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Fishbone Total Digest Calcium
200000 -
1
Calcium Concentratior
Ol O C
8 8 i
8 8 i
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-i
-
-
I
pTank 2(SP2)
pTank 3(SP3)
pTank4(SP4)
1
-
r
-
-
-
^ f / y y y y y y ^ ^ ^ ^
/// ^' ^*/// ^' ^ ^ ^ ^
j^-0 ^^ ^j^ Sample Location
)
f
Figure 4-30. NSM ATS total digest Ca.
48
-------
Nevada Stewart Apatite Treatment System
Fishbone Total Digest Magnesium
3000 - -
f 2500
E
2000 - -
500- -
Sample Location
Figure 4-31. NSM ATS total digest Mg.
gRAV"J3.MDI> FISH BONE PROJECT
-7
o-
4.43
Montana College of Min.
2.25 1 .82
d-Scale(A)
H IJ7 ITf!3 fSr 11
Figure 4-32. XRD graph showing a hydroxyapatite (>70 counts) peak, illustrating the only crystalline
structure detected in the raw fishbone sample. This graph was similar to XRD results from Tanks 2, 3,
and 4.
49
-------
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1.0 2.0 3.0
Figure 4-33. Unreacted fishbone EDX scan illustrating the peaks that indicate the primary composition of the
fishbone material.
Figure 4-34. Typical EDX scan for Tank 2 (July 2003) sampled after 1 year of treating NSM discharge water.
Volume treated by July 2003 was approximately 2 million gallons.
50
-------
• Tank2-01a.pgt
FS: 2800
5
10
Figure 4-35. EDX scan of bright spot from a sample taken from Tank 2.
apatiteBa.pgt
FS: 5400
Mn
Fe
ClL
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
6
10
Figure 4-36. EDX scan of entire bone from a sample collected from Tank 4 in July 2003.
51
-------
Signal A = OBSD Date :27 Jan 2004
Photo No. = 430 Time :11:52:49
EHT = 20.00 kV WD = 20 mm
Figure 4-37. Bright regions (1) and dark regions (2).
EHT = 20 00 fcV WD= 8»
l mat SIKK
SE1 Dit* :2) Mw 2004
Photo No '521 Tim* 125142
Figure 4-38. Fishbone under high vacuum using SEM to see ZnS crystals from samples
collected from Treatment Tank 4 at the NSM ATS.
52
-------
Table 4-1. NSM ATS Average Volumetric Flow in Gallons Per Minute
Sampling Port Measured
Average Flow Through the System
Total Flow Through Each Tank over 2-Year
Monitoring Period
(million gallons)
SP1 - Influent Flow at Tank 1
SP2 - Effluent Flow at Tank 2
SP3 - Effluent Flow at Tank 3
SP4 - Effluent Flow at Tank 4
17.9
5.9
8.7
3.3
13.4
4.5
6.4
2.5
Table 4-2. NSM SRB Analysis - September 2004
Tankl(SPl) Tank2(SP2) Tank3(SP3) Tank4(SP4)
Influent Effluent Effluent Effluent
SRB <1.8 20 <1.8 78
(MPN/mL)-Date: 9/28/2004
Sulfide 0.5 0.95 0.59 8.6
(mg/L)-Date: 8/17/2004
Tank 4 (SP4)
Effluent Duplicate
45
—
Table 4-3. Net Increase and Decline in Concentration as Indicated by Water Quality Monitoring Results
Net Increase in Concentration Net Decline in Concentration
(Treatment Cell = Source) (Treatment Cell = Sink)
Ca
P
Nitrogen
Fe
Mn
Zn
Al1
1 Al was taken only on an annual basis. Other metals were sampled on a monthly basis.
Table 4-4. Saturation Indices for the NSM ATS Influent and Each Separate Effluent Flow for the System (Results are
from the Last Sampling Event taken on August 17, 2004, after System had Functioned for a 22-Month Duration)
Saturation Indices for the NSM ATS Influent and Each Effluent*
Mineral Phase
Ferrihydrite
Mackinawite
Pyrite
MnHPO4
Hydroxy apatite
Sphalerite
Wurtzite
Influent Flow
SP1
1.1
-2.8
21.1
1.3
-0.7
6.3
4.3
SP2
-0.6
-3.5
19.2
1.4
2.9
6.3
4.3
Effluent Flow
SP3
-0.1
-3.2
19.6
1.6
1.9
6.2
4.1
SP4
-3.6
0.1
19.3
2.5
5.4
1.0
1.0
* The geochemical results presented are from sampling event on August 17, 2004, and not the other dates for the project.
53
-------
Table 4-5. Weight Percent Data from EDX Scan for Sample Collected
from Tank 4 in July 2003
Element
C
0
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
K
Ca
Mn
Fe
Cu
Zn
Total
Wt%
0.00
0.00
1.75
7.67
6.44
22.51
12.75
2.90
26.41
0.21
2.10
0.37
16.90
100.00
Atomic Weight
Percent (At%)
0.00
0.00
2.62
10.35
8.34
26.44
14.46
2.70
23.98
0.14
1.36
0.21
9.40
100.00
Table 4-6. Weight Percent Data from Bright Region and Dark Region Located on Fishbone Material from Treatment
Tank 4 Compared to Data from Sample of Untreated (Raw) Fishbone Material
Element
O
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
K
Ca
Mn
Fe
Cu
Zn
Total
Bright Region
Wt%
25.68
0.21
4.42
0.88
3.78
17.38
0.00
6.06
0.34
0.80
3.93
36.52
100.00
At%
49.16
0.26
5.02
0.96
3.73
16.60
0.00
4.63
0.19
0.44
1.90
17.11
100.00
Dark Region
Wt%
62.31
0.00
2.53
0.54
7.84
4.79
0.00
14.55
0.20
0.67
0.63
5.96
100.00
At%
79.65
0.00
1.92
0.39
5.18
3.05
0.00
7.42
0.07
0.25
0.20
1.87
100.00
Raw Fishbone3
Wt%
72.84
1.11
2.13
1.43
9.00
0.18
0.62
12.11
0.00
0.34
0.12
0.11
100.0
At%
85.06
0.86
1.48
0.95
5.43
0.11
0.30
5.64
0.00
0.11
0.03
0.03
100.0
1 EDX analysis of Figure 4-33.
Table 4-7. Solubility Products
Metal Sulfide
CdS (Greenockite)
PbS (Galena)
ZnS (Sphalerite)
Formation
CdS + Ff 4
PbS + FT 4
ZnS + Ff 4
-» Cd2+ + HS"
-> Pb2+ + HS"
-> Zn2+ + HS"
LogK
-15.93
-12.78
-11.62
Source: Drever 1997
54
-------
Table 4-8. 2003 Versus 2004 LC50 Values
2003 2004
SP1
SP2
SP3
SP4
C. dubia
2.21
4.07
5.83
95% *
P. promelas
26.39
70.71
90*
100%*
C. dubia
2.19
6.27
4.42
85% *
P. promelas
9.29
25.46
6.93
89.09
' Indicates percent survival in 100%, non-diluted sample (no LC50 values could be generated)
55
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5. ATS Monitoring Results Evaluation
In the QAPP for this project, the primary objective
was to determine the percent reduction of metals
for the target constituents by measuring total and
dissolved metals concentrations in the ATS
influent and effluent.
5.1 Statistical Analysis of the ATS
Removal Effectiveness
Project objectives, design information, and data
were provided to EPA, and an EPA contractor
statistician reviewed the data. Only the
representative target analytes listed in the project
QAPP were evaluated (Ref 1).
Statistical data analyses (both descriptive and
inferential) were performed for total Zn, Cd, Pb,
Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg. This information is
summarized as listed below.
• Descriptive Statistics: Minimum, Median,
Maximum, Mean, Standard Deviation
(Section 5.1.1).
• Inferential Statistics: Kruskal-Wallis Test and
Multiple Comparison Procedure
(Section 5.1.1).
• Graphical Displays: Box Plots (Appendix F).
• Graphical Displays: Time Plots (Appendix F).
• How to Interpret Box Plots (Appendix F).
5.1.1 Exploratory Data Analysis
Percent reduction for seven target metals was used
to construct Tables 5-1 through 5-7, and the box
plots are provided in Appendix F. The percent
reduction using total metals concentrations was
calculated as
[(SP1 Metal Concentration - SP # Metal
Concentration) / SP1 Metal Concentration] x 100
Data collected for February 2003 was not
representative of flow-through conditions at the
ATS and should not be compared to other data that
do represent flow through conditions.
For Zn, the box plots show a high (> 80%)
reduction for Tank 4 at SP4. Time plots indicated
the reduction was independent of the influent
concentration (see Appendix F box plots for Zn),
which almost doubled over the duration of the
project (Figure 4-15). Over the duration of the
project, Tanks 2 and 3 on average showed more
modest reductions (20% to 70%) where the
reduction was considered to be a function of the
influent concentration. The results from the
Kruskal-Wallis testing for Zn were statistically
significant (p-value < 0.002) (Table 5-8). The
Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison procedure
indicated that the Zn reduction at each sampling
port (i.e., treatment tanks) was statistically
different from one another (p-value = 0.05)
(Table 5-8). This is reflective of the variability
between treatment tanks throughout the duration
of the project, with respect to flow rates and
associated residence time, metals concentrations,
and measured physical parameters.
Concentrations for Cd and Pb were very low in the
influent resulting in below laboratory instrument
detection limits (IDLs) for several months. Even
so, the average percent reduction was evaluated
for the two metals. The Cd box plots showed a
high (> 75%) reduction for Treatment Tanks 2 and
4 (Appendix F). Evaluation of the time plots
indicated the reduction was independent of the
influent concentration. This did not hold for Tank
3, where the reduction in loading was a function of
the influent concentration. Time plots are
provided in Figure 4 of Appendix F, where the
time plots indicate that Tank 3 was not removing
Cd in a similar manner as Tanks 2 and 4. This
observation was confirmed with the Kruskal-
Wallis test (Table 5-9). The result of the Kruskal-
Wallis test was statistically significant (p-value <
0.002). The Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison
procedure indicated that Tanks 2 and 4 were
statistically different from Tank 3 (p-value =
0.05), thus, confirming the evaluation from the
time plots and the geochemical results.
56
-------
The Pb box plots showed a similar reduction for
all three sampling ports (20% to 80%)
(Appendix F, Figure 2). The time plots in
Appendix F, Figure 5 indicate the reduction was
independent of the influent concentration for
Tanks 2 and 4. This does not hold for Tank 3,
where the reduction was determined to be a
function of high influent concentrations. The
result of the Kruskal-Wallis test was statistically
significant (Table 5-10). The Kruskal-Wallis
multiple comparison procedure indicated that
Tanks 2 and 3 were statistically different (p-value
= 0.05) than results from Tank 4.
In an additional statistical analysis, Fe, Mn, Ca,
and Mg concentrations and load reductions were
evaluated. The reviewed data did not have any
outlying reductions for the metals (Appendix F,
Figures 1-4). Neither Ca nor Mg concentrations
were reduced by the treatments (Tables 5-6. 5-7.
5-11,5-12, and Appendix F, Figures 3, 4, 7, and
9). In fact, Ca and Mg were released into solution
as depicted by the geochemical modeling and were
not evaluated further.
For the two remaining metals, Fe and Mn, SP2
provided the greatest reduction at 95.6% and
67.82%, respectively (Tables 5-4 and 5-5). The
Kruskal-Wallis tests for both metals were
statistically significant (p-value < 0.002), as were
all treatment differences (p-value = 0.05) (Tables
5-13 and 5-14). For both metals, as reflected by
the statistical analysis, SP3 was the worst
performer having the smallest percent reduction
and largest variability. There was a slight negative
correlation between initial and final concentrations
for both metals for SP3, where Fe = 0.32 and Mn
= 0.55 and for SP2, where Fe = 0.25 and Mn =
0.41. This trend was positive for SP4, where Fe =
0.67 and Mn = 0.01. However, over the duration
of the project, Tank 3 treated an increased amount
of influent through the ATS (49% of the flow) and
had reduced retention times, which were not
accounted for in the calculations for the average
percent metal reduction.
5.2 Water Quality Monitoring Evaluation
5.2.1 Percent Reduction of Metals at the
NSM
The average percent reduction of dissolved metals
and total metals for the ATS system was
determined to evaluate the effectiveness of the
ATS for metals removal from solution
(Table 5-15).
As illustrated in Figure 5-1, the average percent
metals reduction of dissolved metals achieved by
the ATS was greater than 50% for the 2-year
duration of the project for Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn.
The percent reduction for Cd and Fe was as high
as 85% and 72%, respectively. For Zn, Tank 4
provided the highest average percent reduction of
94.5%, where Tank 3 average percent reduction
was only 40%. However, upon evaluation, Tank 4
treated only one-third of the volume of influent
when compared to the other treatment tanks, and
the total digested Zn concentrations and metals
loading values from each treatment tank indicate
that Tank 3 retained a greater amount of Zn than
Tank 4. Most of the Zn was retained in Tank 3
during the first year of the project, even though the
average percent reduction recognized for Zn was
40%. The total amount of Zn retained in the ATS
was 335 pounds (Ib) over the 22-month
demonstration period.
Table 5-16 presents a comparison of influent and
effluent concentrations to regulatory discharge
limits for the first and last sampling events of the
project.
5.2.2 Apatite Retained Metals in the A TS
In prior studies, it was recognized that the Apatite
II™ technology was successful with stabilizing
from 5% to 50% of its weight in metals depending
upon the metal and environmental conditions. The
5% value was strictly for adsorption and did not
address dissolution/precipitation reactions, etc.
(Ref 8). For the Nevada Stewart ATS, the total
weight of the apatite medium in the three
treatment tanks was 10,000 Ib, meaning that the
apatite medium at the NSM had the ability to
retain a minimum of 500 Ib of metal. After 2
57
-------
years of functioning, a conservative estimate of the
total amount of metal retained by the ATS was
calculated at approximately 495 Ib (Figure 5-2).
Each treatment tank retained different percentages
of metals due to the flow variances through each
tank on a monthly basis. Figure 4-14 provides a
monthly graphical presentation of the total amount
of heavy metals removed on a monthly basis when
comparing the influent and the effluent This
shows that air sparging the tanks to enhance
permeability improved the ATS's ability to
remove metals. However, overtime, the effect
was less due to the exhaustion of the attenuation
capacity of the ATS. There appears to be several
other processes at work that should be addressed.
Even though Tank 4 maintained the highest
removal efficiency for Zn (greater than 90%), its
low rate of flow allowed the removal of only 28 Ib
of Zn from the treated influent. For Zn, Tank 3
maintained an overall removal efficiency of only
40%, but approximately 269 Ib of Zn was removed
from the influent water treated by Tank 3. This
amount of metal exceeded the theoretical
adsorption capacity of metal for the Apatite II™ in
the treatment tank. The fluctuations in attenuation
for Zn are depicted in Figure 5-3 and as detailed,
Tank 2 was nearing adsorption metal capacity
exhaustion at 5% because it had retained 334 Ib Zn
and 160 Ib Fe and Mn. However, absorption is not
the only removal mechanism functioning in the
ATS system; therefore, to determine the
adsorption capacity of the apatite medium would
require further detailed analysis that was not
funded within this study.
5.2.3 A TS Attenuation Mechanisms
5.2.3.1 Sulfide Mineral Precipitation
Precipitation of ZnS was determined to be the
main mechanism for Zn attenuation within all
three of the treatment tanks. This process
appeared to have dominated the removal scenario
within Tank 4 and, to a lesser effect, in Tank 2 or
Tank 3. Additionally, the precipitation of ZnS
occurred in Tank 3 at times throughout the project
duration.
A minor amount of Fe attenuation within the
treatment tanks (in particular Tank 4) may be
attributed to the precipitation of FeS. The
reducing conditions in the NSM ATS, specifically
the presence of hydrogen sulfide, suggests that
metal attenuation through sulfide precipitation
occurred at the NSM. The Golder thermodynamic
modeling also confirmed this. Golder's report is
contained in Appendix D. The lowest effluent Zn
concentrations occurred in association with
elevated sulfide concentrations. Mineralogical
evaluation, however, is the best way to
conclusively identify controlling secondary
mineral phases. Mineralogical analysis by
Montana Tech confirmed the presence of a ZnS
(Ref 23).
Attenuation of Cd and Pb due to sulfide
precipitation was inconclusive. Speciation
modeling showed supersaturation with respect to
both CdS and PbS. However, the relatively low
solid phase concentrations of these metals in the
treatment tanks prevented the identification of any
Cd/Pb secondary mineral phases by Montana Tech
(Ref. 23). Correlation analysis results for the
treatment tank elemental concentrations suggest an
alternative attenuation mechanism to sulfide
precipitation. If the dominant mechanism for Cd
and Pb removal was sulfide precipitation, a
correlation between Cd, Pb, and Zn (Appendix F,
Figure 23, Table 5) should be observed. A
positive correlation was not observed from the
September 2004 data set. As such, an alternative
mechanism for the removal of Pb and Cd is
probable.
5.2.3.2 Phosphate Mineral Precipitation
Speciation modeling identified manganese
phosphate as a possible control on Mn
concentrations. Further evaluation was required to
establish if MnHPO4 was indeed a credible
secondary mineral phase. Similarly, formation of
strengite (Fe-phosphate) was identified as a
possible sink for Fe.
Effluent saturation indices indicate undersaturation
with respect to hydroxypyromorphite. Because
influent Pb concentrations were very low,
58
-------
adsorption of Pb by hydroxyapatite was
unrecognizable. Since the Ca concentrations
increased in the effluent relative to the influent, it
is highly probable that the organic hydroxyapatite
was dissolving not precipitating.
5.2.3.3 Surface Reactions
Adsorption of Pb, Cd, and Mn onto ferrihydrite or
the Apatite II™ treatment medium (Ref. 8) would
also account for the positive correlation observed
between the solid phase concentrations of these
metals. Also adsorption onto the whole bone
apatite surface was a possibility. Iron oxide
staining was observed at the NSM adit and the
treatment tank bypass overflow. Large amounts of
iron oxide were seen in a photo entitled dewatered
apatite with ferric coat, which was taken looking
down into one of the reactors. Wright 2004 cites
studies that showed Apatite II™ is capable of
absorbing up to 5% of its weight in metals. The
mineralogical analysis conducted to date was
capable of determining that on average 6% of Zn
by weight was retained by means of the four listed
attenuation mechanisms on the fishbone in the
treatment tanks, but it was not capable of
characterizing surface reactions such as
adsorption. More sophisticated analytical
techniques and analysis would be required to make
a definitive conclusion regarding the role of this
process at the NSM. Figures 5-4, 5-5, and 5-6 are
photographs of the apatite medium from this
treatment system.
5.3 Effect of Mixing Effluents from the
NSM ATS
The configuration of the NSM ATS was such that
the effluent waters from the three treatment tanks
were mixed before discharge. The variance in the
constituents of the effluent waters from each of the
treatment tanks induced specific reactions to
occur. As the effluents exited the tanks, the water
mixed reducing the dissolved contaminants found
in the water discharging to Highland Creek. In
addition, the bypass water entering the catch basin
would be diluted with respect to the concentration
of certain constituents, because the bypass water
was mixing with the effluent from the ATS.
Geochemical modeling was used to determine the
effects of the aforementioned reactions on the
quality of the mixed water to determine the quality
of water entering Highland Creek and to determine
if the catch basin was acting as a hypothetical
fourth reactor. The geochemical software
PhreeqCI was used in this modeling effort. Six
monthly sampling events were selected to be
evaluated for this modeling effort. These
sampling events were March 19, 2003; May 29,
2003; June 19, 2003; August 19, 2003; February
10, 2004; and May 25, 2004. The events were
chosen because a broad range of effluent water
compositions as far as oxidizing and reducing
conditions and, as such, varying sulfide and Zn
concentrations were evident. Additionally, the six
samples were representative of the entire project.
The saturation indices results of the geochemical
modeling are presented in Table 5-17. According
to information in Table 5-17, a ZnS solid species
would probably be precipitated from the mixed
waters in all of the modeled cases. The specific
ZnS specie(s) produced would control the
concentration of dissolved Zn in the mixed
effluent water. It is also possible that manganese
phosphate, elemental sulfur, and FeS would
precipitate. Although it is unlikely, due to kinetic
considerations, that pyrite would be formed in
viable concentrations. The dissolved
concentrations of the cationic constituents yielded
by the geochemical model for the mixed effluent
waters are shown in Table 5-18. The detailed
dissolved Zn concentrations in the data were for an
amorphous ZnS solid compound. It is entirely
probable that the actual concentration of ZnS
found in the mixed effluent waters would be
substantially lower than the modeled results.
Table 5-18 indicates that the modeled
concentrations within the mixed effluent water are
substantially lower than a simple mixing of the
effluents from the three tanks.
5.4 Effect of Mixing Treated Effluent from
the ATS and Bypass Water from the NSM
The ATS at the Nevada Stewart consistently
treated approximately one-half of the water
emanating from the underground mine workings.
59
-------
The other half of the flow from the mine was
allowed to bypass the treatment system. This
bypass water was mixed with the treated effluent
within the catch basin prior to the entire flow
entering Highland Creek.
The chemical composition of these two waters was
significantly different in that the treated water was
distinctly less aerobic, had low concentrations of
dissolved metals, and contained significant
quantities of soluble sulfide while the bypass
water was more oxidized, contained higher
concentrations of dissolved metals, and had very
low amounts of soluble sulfide. As was described
previously, the variance in the constituents of the
bypass water and the mixed effluent water from
the treatment tanks induced specific reactions as
the waters mixed. These reactions resulted in a
reduction in the amount of specific dissolved
contaminants found in the mixed water in the
catch basin. In addition, the concentration of
certain constituents would be reduced in the
effluent waters by the effect of dilution.
Geochemical modeling was used to determine the
effects of the previous reactions on the quality of
the mixed effluent water flowing from the catch
basin into Highland Creek. The geochemical
software PHREEQCI was used in this modeling
effort (Ref 24). The same six monthly sampling
events that were selected for the previous
geochemical modeling scenario, which described
the mixing of the reactor effluents, were used for
this effort.
The saturation indices resulting from the
geochemical modeling are presented in Table
5-19. As predicted by the model, a ZnS solid
species would very probably be precipitated when
the ATS effluent and the NSM bypass waters
mixed. The specific ZnS specie(s) produced
would control the concentration of dissolved Zn in
the mixed effluent water. It is also possible that
manganese phosphate, elemental sulfur, and FeS
could precipitate. Although, it is unlikely, due to
kinetic considerations, that pyrite would be formed
in viable concentrations.
The dissolved concentrations of the cationic
constituents yielded by the geochemical modeling
effort for the mixed effluent waters are shown in
Table 5-20. The dissolved concentration of Zn
detailed in these data is related to the precipitation
of an amorphous ZnS solid compound. It is
entirely probable that the actual concentration of
ZnS found in the mixed effluent waters would be
lower than the modeled results. As can be seen
from Table 5-20, the modeled concentrations
within the mixed effluent water are significantly
lower than a simple mixing of the bypass water
and the reactor effluents due to the production of
insoluble sulfide-based precipitates.
60
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Percent Reduction of the Dissolved Metals over the
Duration of MWTP Project 39
100.0
80.0
~ 60.0
o
40.0 --
S 20.0
-------
Amount of Total Zinc Removed by the ATS
on a Monthly Basis
Note: Red Lines denote
times when air sparging
was conducted.
Figure 5-3. Amount of total Zn removed by NSM ATS on monthly basis.
Figure 5-4. Tank 4 (center cell) just prior to the solid phase (total digest) sampling showing the
ferrihydrite coated surface.
62
-------
Figure 5-5. Photo of the fishbone at the end of the project. Bone pieces are from varying
depths to compare to the unused bone (Figure 2-16).
Figure 5-6. Tank 4 apatite medium showing the black and white precipitate with minimal
ferrihydrite on the surface.
63
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Table 5-1. Zn Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port
Port Minimum
SP2 29.2
SP3 13.6
SP4 8.4
SP4* 72.2
*Outlier removed for Zn 02/26/2003
Table 5-2. Cd Percent Reduction for Selected
Port Minimum
SP2 -198.1
SP2* 82.5
SP3 -22.1
SP4 61.4
*Outlier removed for Cd 08/1 9/2003
Table 5-3. Pb Percent Reduction for Selected
Port Minimum
SP2 -214.8
SP3 -8.4
SP4 0
Table 5-4. Fe Percent Reduction for Selected
Port Minimum
SP2 87.77
SP3 24.83
SP4 73.24
Median
58.9
34.1
93.3
94.1
Metals by
Median
89.6
89.9
63.0
89.6
Metals by
Median
54.2
37.8
52.0
Metals by
Median
96.82
54.96
92.88
Mean
58.4
38.6
85.9
90.0
Sampling Port
Mean
75.1
90.3
57.9
88.1
Sampling Port
Mean
39.1
35.0
75.5
Sampling Port
Mean
95.60
58.87
90.47
Maximum
86.1
87.8
99.8
99.8
Maximum
97.3
97.3
81.6
97.3
Maximum
94.6
77.5
94.6
Maximum
99.34
98.08
96.63
Standard
Deviation
15.0
20.9
20.8
10.3
Standard
Deviation
66.3
3.7
31.8
7.9
Standard
Deviation
67.0
26.3
29.6
Standard
Deviation
3.74
26.08
6.04
Table 5-5. Mn Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port
Port Minimum
SP2 39.42
SP3 16.67
SP4 40.67
Median
73.70
43.09
63.26
Mean
67.82
45.43
66.90
Maximum
88.29
84.51
76.56
Standard
Deviation
16.25
22.22
9.17
64
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Table 5-6. Ca Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port
Port Minimum Median Mean
SP2 6.14 3.05 3.27
SP3 4.89 0.21 1.18
SP4 9.44 4.99 4.93
Maximum
0
2.56
1.74
Standard
Deviation
1.64
2.11
2.75
Table 5-7. Mg Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port
Port Minimum Median Mean
SP2 1.88 0.12 0.02
SP3 1.95 0.23 0.31
SP4 2.64 0.23 0.08
Maximum
1.50
2.31
2.31
Standard
Deviation
0.98
1.05
1.18
Table 5-8. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Zn
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 32.4289, df = 2,
Multiple Comparison Difference*
SP2 versus SP3 11.50
SP2 versus SP4 19.60
SP3 versus SP4 31.10
p-value = 0.0002
Statistic
7.55
7.55
7.55
S/NS (a = 0.05)
S
s
S
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 5-9. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Cd
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 17.0977, df = 2,
Multiple Comparison Difference*
SP2 versus SP3 19.66
SP2 versus SP4 0.79
SP3 versus SP4 18.87
p-value = 0.0002
Statistic
9.16
9.16
9.16
S/NS (a = 0.05)
S
NS
S
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 5-10. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Pb
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 4.3512, df = 2,
Multiple Comparison Difference*
SP2 versus SP3 9.53
SP2 versus SP4 0.37
SP3 versus SP4 9.89
p-value = 0.1 135
Statistic
10.55
10.55
10.55
S/NS (a = 0.05)
NS
NS
NS
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
65
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Table 5-11. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Ca
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 18.5928, df = 2, p-value = 0.0001
Multiple Comparison
Difference*
Statistic
S/NS (= 0.05)
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
13.00
10.16
23.16
8.98
8.98
8.98
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 5-12. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Mg
Kruskal-Wallis Test:
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
chi-square = 1.2035,
Difference*
5.71
1.55
4.16
df = 2, p-value = 0.5479
Statistic
10.87
10.87
10.87
S/NS (= 0.05)
NS
NS
NS
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 5-13. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Fe
Kruskal-Wallis Test:
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
chi-square = 29.33,
Difference*
29.05
12.32
16.74
df = 2, p-value = 0
Statistic
7.59
7.59
7.59
S/NS (= 0.05)
S
s
S
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 5-14. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Mn
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 12.6285, df = 2, p-value = 0.0018
Multiple Comparison
Difference*
Statistic
S/NS (= 0.05)
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
29.05
12.32
16.74
9.68
9.68
9.68
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 5-15. Average Percent Metals Reduction Achieved for the Duration of the MWTP, Activity m, Project 39, NSM
ATS for Full ATS and Each Treatment Tank
Average Percent Reduction for the Duration of the Project - Apatite Treat System
Parameter
Dissolved Cd
Dissolved Ca
Dissolved Fe
Dissolved Pb
Dissolved Mg
Dissolved Mn
Dissolved Zn
Sulfate (mg/L)
Total ATS
84.9
-3.5
72.9
-0.3
-14.9
52.8
55.4
0.8
Tank 2
88.3
-3.9
86.7
-2.2
-15.2
66.6
68.0
0.2
Tank 3
78.8
-2.6
57.8
0.9
-15.3
40.7
40.8
2.1
Tank 4
88.7
-6.2
74.4
-2.4
-14.7
66.3
94.5
3.4
66
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Table 5-16. Comparison of Regulatory Discharge Limits with the NSM ATS Effluent and Influent Values for the First
and Last Sampling Events of the Project
Dissolved Metals
(mg/L) Zn Cd
Drinking Water 5.0* 0.01
Standards1
Influent (SP1) 5.64 0.0005
11/02
Influent (SP1) 8.00 0.0005
8/04
Tank 2 0.039 0.00005
11/02
Tank 2 3.70 0.00003
8/04
Tank 3 0.0243 0.00007
11/02
Tank 3 4.400 0.00003
8/04
Tank 4 0.686 0.00005
11/02
Tank 4 0.0096 0.00003
8/04
All values on the table are as mg/L.
National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations.
1 Federal maximum contaminant level for protection of drinking
Table 5-17. Saturation Indices for Mixed Effluent
Sample
Date MnHPO4 Pyrite Sphalerite Wurtzite
3/19/03 2.46 22.56 3.06 1.04
5/29/03 1.92 20.07 4.63 2.61
6/19/03 2.11 22.64 3.46 1.44
8/19/03 1.89 18.01 6.02 4.00
2/10/04 1.85 19.23 5.73 3.79
5/25/04 0.85 15.82 5.03 3.02
8/17/04 0.73 19.94 5.94 3.91
Pb
0.05
0.0013
0.0012
0.0013
0.0012
0.0013
0.0012
0.0013
0.0012
water.
ZnS (am)
0.37
1.95
0.78
3.33
3.16
2.35
3.27
Fe Mn
0.30* 0.05*
0.731 0.691
0.496 0.608
0.142 0.349
0.031 0.071
0.077 0.235
0.108 0.182
0.142 0.384
0.160 0.155
Hydroxyapatite Sulfur
4.00 10.05
-0.19 8.63
2.53 10.13
1.50 7.83
1.31 9.74
-3.73 7.59
0.38 9.97
Sulfate
250*
257
349
254
351
191
349
259
315
Mackinawite
0.40
-0.68
0.39
-1.93
-2.23
-3.89
-2.01
Table 5-18. Dissolved Concentrations of Cationic Constituents for Mixed Effluent
Sample Date Ca mg/L Fe mg/L
3/19/03 93.80 0.05
5/29/03 92.71 0.30
6/19/03 97.53 0.18
8/19/03 92.83 0.17
2/10/04 94.99 0.19
5/25/04 93.84 0.07
8/17/04 105.00 0.07
Mgmg/L
40.21
41.70
41.67
41.2
39.08
41.47
45.00
Mn mg/L
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.01
Znmg/L
0.52
0.17
0.18
0.02
1.62
4.77
0.96
67
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Table 5-19
Sample
Date
3/19/03
5/29/03
6/19/03
8/19/03
2/10/04
5/25/04
8/17/04
. Saturation Indices for
MnHP04
1.98
1.74
1.83
1.28
1.13
0.79
1.61
Pyrite
20.33
19.09
19.13
18.35
16.49
12.71
17.86
a Mixture of Bypass Water and the Reactor Effluents
Sphalerite
4.06
6.24
5.63
5.71
4.39
3.16
5.03
Wurtzite
2.39
4.06
3.49
3.54
2.77
1.52
3.47
ZnS (am)
0.87
3.27
2.42
2.61
1.08
0.21
1.89
Hydroxyapatite
1.41
-2.08
1.32
-1.81
-2.27
-6.36
-3.77
Sulfur
9.64
7.91
8.63
8.27
7.19
6.14
7.84
Mackinawite
-0.59
-1.28
-1.86
-2.07
-2.94
-4.71
-3.64
Table 5-20. Dissolved Concentrations of Cationic Constituents for a Mixture of Bypass Water and the Reactor Effluents
Sample Date
3/19/03
5/29/03
6/19/03
8/19/03
2/10/04
5/25/04
8/17/04
Ca mg/L
91.40
90.75
96.61
91.77
93.35
89.62
104.00
Femg/L
0.27
0.46
0.43
0.35
0.47
0.17
0.28
Mg mg/L
40.36
41.40
41.63
26.05
39.04
39.83
45.17
Mn mg/L
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.02
Zn mg/L
0.23
0.09
0.78
0.84
1.96
5.14
0.89
68
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6. ATS Cost Analysis
A cost analysis was performed for the ATS
demonstration installation and long-term
monitoring/evaluation performed by DOE and the
EPA MWTP, respectively. Required elements for
the ATS included the scope of work, system
design, pre-installation materials testing, ATS
installation, simple analytical analysis, monthly
monitoring, reporting, ATS maintenance
(quarterly permeability enhancement), and project
closure. The additional research used to determine
the effectiveness of the ATS involved geochemical
modeling, extensive analytical analysis,
SEM/EDX, XRD, physical analysis, monthly
sampling, extensive reporting, statistics,
toxicology testing, and increased project
management all under the guidance of the project
QAPP.
For this analysis, a hypothetical real-world cost for
implementation of an ATS system in a field setting
is presented.
Included in Table 6-1 are estimations of the total
unit cost for an ATS project without the research
aspects attached to this specific projects. The
assumptions are that these costs include
installation of a system for remediation of a site
that would not require the extensive oversight,
research, analytical, modeling, and reporting needs
of the demonstration project presented in this
report. Discount rates are based on Office of
Management and Budgets projected discount rates
for Cost-Effectiveness, Lease -Purchase, Internal
Government Investment, and Asset Sale Analyses
that are published yearly. The results of the cost
analysis indicate that the net present value of the
unit cost to treat a thousand gallons of water
ranges from $6.30 over 2 years to $1.20 over 30
years.
69
-------
Table 6-1. Estimations of the Percent Total Unit Cost for an ATS Project Without Research Aspects Attached
Items for Hypothetical Barrier Costs Cost
Installation Costs,
Manager, 6 months $ 1,800
QAPP $5,000
Testing $3,100
Design and Specifications $6,500
Documentation $1,400
Install Monitoring Wells $ 1,500
Construct Barrier $67,700
Total Installation Costs $87,000
Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Costs
Repairs $10,300
Sampling and Surging $14,500
Analysis $3,800
Total O&M costs for 22 months $28,600
Equivalent yearly O&M costs $ 15,600
2 years
Installation $87,000
Net present value (NPV) of cost for O&M, $15,600 per year for 2 years at 3.7% $29,600
NPVofcost $116,600
Unit cost per 1,000 gallons treated $6.30
10 years
Installation $87,000
NPV of cost for O&M, $15,600 per year for 10 years at 4.6% $122,800
NPVofcost $209,800
Unit cost per 1,000 gallons treated $2.30
20 years
Installation $87,000
NPV of cost for O&M, $15,600 per year for 20 years at 4.9% $196,000
NPVofcost $283,000
Unitcostper 1,000 gallons treated $1.50
30 years
Installation $87,000
NPV of cost for O&M, $15,600 per year for 30 years at 5.2% $234,400
NPVofcost $321,400
Unit cost per 1,000 gallons treated $ 1.20
70
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7. Summary of Quality Assurance Activities
7.1 Background
The following is a summary of the quality
assurance (QA) activities associated with MWTP
Activity III, Project 39, Permeable Treatment Wall
Effectiveness Monitoring, Nevada Stew art Mine
Site. Analytical samples and field data were
collected according to the schedule outlined in the
approved project-specific QAPP document. All
field and laboratory data available has been
evaluated to determine the usability of the data.
Critical analyses were flume/weir water depth and
dissolved metals [Al, Sb, As, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Cu,
Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ni, K, P, Na, Se, Ag, Si, titanium
(Ti), and Zn]. In February 2004, an addendum to
the QAPP was written to reflect a reduction in the
amount of dissolved metals that were analyzed for
As, Al, Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, K, Na, Si,
and Zn. A critical analysis is an analysis that must
be performed to determine if project objectives
were achieved. Data from noncritical analyses
were also evaluated.
7.2 Project Reviews
An external technical systems audit of the project
field activities was performed by David Gratson of
Neptune and Company (subcontractor to EPA) on
September 23, 2003. There were no findings,
three observations, and one additional technical
comment identified during the audit.
The observations included using expired pH
calibration buffer solutions, using an ORP
different than the meter specified in the QAPP,
and other general comments on minor revisions to
the QAPP. Efforts were made to ensure that pH
calibration buffer solutions used after the audit
were fresh solutions and the expiration data was
documented in the field logbook during each
sampling event. An addendum to the QAPP was
developed to correct the other two observations.
The additional technical comment pertained to
communications between the MSE and EPA
project managers. Significant operational
modifications were documented and
communicated to the EPA project manager.
7.3 Data Evaluation
Data that was generated throughout the project
was validated. The purpose of data validation is to
determine the usability of data that was generated
during a project. Data validation consisted of two
separate evaluations: an analytical evaluation and
a program evaluation.
7.3.1 Analytical Evaluation
An analytical evaluation of all data was performed
to determine the usability of the data that was
generated by HKM Laboratory for the project.
Laboratory data validation was performed using
USEPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP)
National Functional Guidelines for Inorganics
Data Review (USEPA 1994) as a guide. The data
quality indicator objectives for critical
measurements were outlined in the QAPP and
were compatible with project objectives and the
methods of determination being used. The data
quality indicator objectives were method detection
limits (MDLs), accuracy, precision, and
completeness. Control limits for each of these
objectives are summarized in Tables 7-1 and 7-2.
The quality control (QC) criteria were also used to
identify outlier data and to determine the usability
of the data for each analysis.
Measurements that fell outside of the control
limits specified in the QAPP, or for other reasons
were judged to be outlier, were flagged
appropriately to indicate that the data was judged
to be estimated or unusable. All data requiring
flags are summarized in Table 7-3.
At the beginning of the project, HKM Laboratory
used influent samples for QC. The CLP spiking
levels were appropriate for all analytes except Zn.
The concentration of Zn in the influent samples
ranged from six to ten times higher than the
spiking level. Because the sample concentration
for Zn was greater than four times the spike
concentration, HKM Laboratory was not required
to meet a recovery limit; however, MSE calculated
spike recoveries. With only two exceptions
71
-------
(February 2002 and May 2002), the spike
recoveries for Zn were within the acceptable range
of 75% to 125%. Serial dilutions were also within
acceptable limits. This indicated that there were
no matrix effects for Zn in these samples.
December 2003 samples were first set where
HKM Laboratory began using the effluent samples
for QC, thereby, rectifying the issue of the sample
concentration for Zn being greater than four times
the spike concentration. All spike recoveries for
Zn from December 2003 through August 2004
samples were within the acceptable range.
7.3.2 Program Evaluation
Program evaluations include an examination of
data generated during the project to determine that
all field QC checks were performed and within
acceptable tolerances. Program data that was
inconsistent or incomplete and did not meet the
QC objectives outlined in the QAPP were viewed
as program outliers and were flagged appropriately
to indicate the usability of the data.
7.3.2.1 Flume/Weir Water Depth
A 60-degree trapezoidal flume was used to
measure total groundwater flow from the adit.
This flume was located upstream of the retention
basin and the bypass pipe.
Weir water levels and flows were measured with a
Thel-Mar volumetric weir. Thel-Mar weirs were
installed in 10-inch pipes to measure the outflow
from each of the three apatite treatment tanks and
also in a single 6-inch pipe to measure flow into
the ATS.
Untreated flow was calculated by simple
subtraction: total flow measured in the flume
minus flow measured in the weir leading to the
ATS equals flow that bypassed the treatment
system.
The surface water flow rate measurements were
obtained in accordance with the procedures
outlined in the QAPP. No surface water flow rate
data were judged to be outlier.
7.3.2.2 Dissolved Metals
Dissolved metals analysis was a critical analysis
for this project. Aqueous samples were collected
from the four sampling locations during each
sampling event, as well as a field duplicate sample
from a predetermined sampling location and a
field blank. Sampling procedures for the
collection of the aqueous samples outlined in the
QAPP were followed. The samples were taken to
HKM Laboratory for analysis by ICP Emission
Spectrometer (ICP-ES). No dissolved metals data
were judged to be outlier.
7.4 Quality Assurance Summary
In general, sampling personnel conducted QA/QC
activities for this project in accordance with the
procedures outlined in the QAPP. All field
duplicates and field blanks were collected, field
instrumentation properly calibrated, and critical
activities documented in the field logbook. The
sample NSM SP1 052504 collected May 25, 2004
was flagged unusable because the repeatability of
the field duplicate was outside the acceptable
range of < 20% relative percent difference (RPD)
for total and dissolved metals. During this
sampling event, other personnel not previously
used on this project collected the samples. If at all
possible, the same personnel should be used for
sampling activities; otherwise, other personnel
need to receive proper training.
72
-------
Table 7-1. QA objectives for Accuracy, Precision, MDL, and Completeness
Measurement
Flume/Weir water depth
Dissolved Metals
Units
Inches
mg/L
MDL
0.03
See Table 7-2
Precision1
N/A
<20% RPD
Accuracy Completeness2
+5%3
75%-125%
spike recovery
95%
95%
1 Precision will be determined by the RPD of duplicates, unless otherwise indicated.
2 Completeness is based on the number of valid measurements, compared to the total number of samples.
3 Accuracy of weirs/flumes will be ensured by installing flumes and weirs according to SOP H6-6 and by avoiding
installation locations that could adversely affect weir/flume accuracy (i.e., approach conditions do not allow uniform velocity
distribution, damage to weirs or flumes, changes in weir or flume dimensions). In addition, manual flow rate measurements
will give an indication of whether the weirs and flumes are returning reasonable flow rate measurements.
Table 7-2. IDLs for ICP Analysis of Dissolved Metals
Analyte
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
K
P
Mg
Mn
Ni
Se
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Pb
IDL Oig/L)
24.0
29.5
29.5
2.4
4.52
14.1
10.0
2.4
10.0
21.2
36.8
40.0
2.6
10.9
57.2
3.7
16.3
3.2
5.9
24.0
ICP CRDL ((ig/L)
200
60
59.1
5
5
5000
10
25
100
5000
184.2
5000
15.0
40
114.3
10
5000
15.8
20
48.0
73
-------
Table 7-3. Summary of Flagged Data for Activity ID, Project 39
Date of
Collection
6/19/03
Sample ID
NSMSP4061903
Analysis
Total Zn
Quality Criteria
< 20% RPD
Flag
J
Comment
RPD > 20%; the associated
7/280/03 NSM SP2 072803
NSM SP3 072803
NSM SP4 072803
Total Fe Blank concentration >
CRDL
11/25/03 NSM SP4 112503 Dissolved Zn < 20% RPD
5/25/04 NSM SP1 052504 Dissolved and
Total Metals
8/17/04 NSM SP1 081704
8/17/04 NSM SP4 081704
8/17/04 NSM SP1 081704
NSM SP2 081704
NSM SP3 081704
NSM SP4 081704
NH4
< 20% RPD
< 20% RPD
Dissolved Se 75% - 125% recovery
of spike
Total Si Blank concentration >
Dissolved Si CRDL
samples should be flagged J
for total Zn
UJ The field blank sample
showed significant
contamination; the associated
samples should be flagged UJ
for total Fe
J RPD > 20%; the associated
samples should be flagged J
for dissolved Zn
R RPD > 20% for all dissolved
and total metals; the
associated samples should be
flagged R for dissolved and
total metals
J RPD > 20%; the associated
sample should be flagged J
forNH4
J Spike recovery < 75%; the
associated sample should be
flagged J for dissolved Se
UJ The field blank sample
showed significant
contamination; the associated
samples should be flagged UJ
for total and dissolved Si
Data Qualifier Definition:
J - The measurements are estimated.
UJ - The measurements are estimated and may be inaccurate or imprecise.
74
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8. Conclusions and Recommendations
The MWTP, Activity III, Project 39, Permeable
Treatment Wall Effectiveness Monitoring, Nevada
Stewart Mine Site was conducted to determine the
effectiveness of an ATS and to identify the
attenuation mechanisms functioning to reduce the
dissolved metals in the adit mine discharge.
Overall, the system was effective at reducing the
metals loading in the treated NSM adit discharge.
Main conclusions drawn from MSB's, EPA's,
Golder's, and Montana Tech's contributions
regarding this demonstration project are as
follows.
• The system effectively attenuates Zn, Cd, Pb,
Fe, and Mn, as evidenced by decreases in the
aqueous phase concentrations between the
influent and effluent, and the increases in the
solid phase concentrations of these constituents
within the treatment tanks.
• The possible attenuation mechanisms reducing
the metals loading in the treated NSM water
include:
- Phosphate mineral precipitation, where
Apatite II™ continuously supplies
phosphate to solution to exceed the
solubility limits of various metal-phosphate
phases. It is possible that Mn was removed
by this process and because this is a slower
process, the characteristics of Tank 4
provided optimal conditions for this process
to occur, even though the process could have
occurred in Tanks 2 and 3.
- Biological reduction, resulting in sulfide
precipitation, where Apatite II™ supplies
both P and readily-bioavailable organics
(collagen) at concentrations that stimulate
microbial activity within the treatment tanks,
occurred in all of the tanks. However, Tank
4, which had the lowest flow rate, recorded
the highest hydrogen sulfide gas
concentrations, SRB counts, and sulfide
concentrations reflective of a strong
biological reductive environment. The other
tanks also, exhibited the same characteristics
but not to the same degree.
- Nonspecific metal adsorption (surface
chemi-adsorption), where Apatite II™
adsorbs metals was another potential metals
attenuation mechanism. A quantitative
amount of metals adsorbed by the apatite is
unknown because the laboratory
instrumentation was not capable of
determining this.
- Buffering, where neutral pH is effective at
precipitating many metal phases, the NSM
near-neutral water at the NSM was minimal.
However, increasing pH and alkalinity,
especially during the spring of 2003,
possibly affected Fe oxidation and,
therefore, precipitation and subsequent
adsorption of other metals.
All direct analytical evidence pointed to the
precipitation of ZnS as the dominant
mechanism for Zn attenuation within the
treatment tanks. The lowest effluent Zn
concentrations occurred in association with
elevated sulfide concentrations, primarily in
Treatment Tank 4, which had the lowest ORP
and DO. Additionally, mineralogical analysis
and evaluation by Montana Tech confirmed the
presence of ZnS on the surface of the fishbone
apatite.
No direct analytical evidence could be
developed to ascertain the manner in which the
treatment process removed Cd and Pb from the
influent water. However, speciation modeling
by Golder showed supersaturation with respect
to CdS and PbS (Appendix D). Correlation
analysis results, also by Golder, for the
treatment tank elemental concentration
suggested but could not verify alternative
mechanisms for Pb and Cd removal (i.e.,
phosphate mineral precipitation and/or surface
adsorption).
75
-------
Speciation modeling identified manganese
phosphate as a possible control on Mn
concentrations, especially in Tank 4 as its
effluent had high concentrations of total
phosphate, but this was not directly verified.
Depending on the redox conditions within each
treatment tank, precipitation of ferrihydrite, or
iron phosphate (strengite), potentially
controlled the Fe concentrations. Substantial
quantities of ferrihydrite were visible in the
center cell of Tank 3 (Figure 5-4).
Treatment tanks having lower flows and longer
retention times removed metals to a greater
degree. Tank 4, having the lowest flow rate,
had approximately 95% Zn removal efficiency.
The mineralogical analysis conducted was not
capable of characterizing the surface reactions
such as adsorption. However, the solid phase
analysis indicated that between 6% and 36% Zn
was precipitated onto the surface of the Apatite
II™ on a microscopic basis. The sulfide
adhered to the surface of the bone probably due
to the presence of sulfide producing colonies of
bacteria. Smooth surfaces exhibited less metal
than rough surfaces.
The increase in dissolved Ca concentrations in
the effluent was caused by the dissolution of
the Ca from the fishbone in the treatment tanks.
A detrimental effect of Fe deposition on the
surface of the bone pieces is that it armors the
surface that decreases the number of sites
available for adsorption of the other target ions
and the surface area that is available for
dissolution.
Recommendations for further field installation
include the following.
• Residence time needs to be increased either by
increasing the volume (length of flow path) of
the treatment system, decreasing the flow rate,
or both.
• Higher concentrations of Fe should be
eliminated by some other means, with apatite
used as a polishing step within a treatment
system to avoid adsorption capacity being
diminished in the presence of iron and to avoid
likely plugging problems.
• Future apatite treatment systems need to
enhance the permeability of the system to
maximize the efficiency of the treatment
medium for metals removal. Periodic air
sparging of the media proved to be an effective
way to enhance permeability of the media and
reestablish flow when the system was plugged.
Future system designs need to improve the
hydraulics of the tank systems, thus, preventing
clogging and the formation of preferential flow
paths through the treatment system.
Furthermore, the systems need to be designed
to process fluctuating flows resulting from
seasonal flow impacts. Also, to ensure that
tanks remain level throughout operation, a
stable base is necessary to avoid settling of the
tanks and associated disruptions in flow.
• The media at the treatment tank entrance
becomes loaded first because of precipitation of
metals, biological metal reduction, and
adsorption of metal on the surface of the apatite
medium. As a result, there is a gradual loss of
effectiveness of the treatment provided by the
media. This process will need to be addressed
in the design of future systems.
76
-------
9. References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' s
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory, Quality Assurance Project Plan-
Permeable Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Monitoring, Nevada Stewart Mine,
Cincinnati, Ohio, MWTP-223, May 2003.
2. Box, S.E., A.A. Bookstrom, W. Kelly,
Surficial Geology of the Valley of the S. Fork
of the Coeur d 'Alene River, Draft, October
1999.
3. Fortier, David H., Data, Adit 2003 -
Graphs.xls, Pine Creek Water 2004 USGS
copy.xls, Pine Creek Water - Sort.xls; BLM
Coeur d'Alene Field Office, August 2004.
4. Funk, William H., Rabo, F., et al, An
Integrated Study of the Impact of Metallic
Trace Element Pollution in the Coeur
d 'Alene - Spokane Rivers-Lake Drainage
Systems, Washington State University,
University of Idaho Joint Project Completion
Report to OWRT (Title II Project C-4145),
1975.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 10, Record of Decision, Bunker Hill
Mining and Metallurgical Complex,
Operable Unit 3 (Coeur d 'Alene Basin),
DCN: 4162500.07099.05.a, EPA DCN 2.9,
Contract No. 68-W9-0054/0031, Sect. 12,
September 2002.
6. U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy
Technology Laboratory, Evaluation of
Apatite Media for Use in Reactive Barriers
and Treatment Systems to Remove Metals
and Radionuclides from Contaminated
Groundwater Final Report, Contract No. DE-
AC22-96EW96405, TTPNo. FT10WE21,
TASKE. ECCP-38, September 2002.
7. Manecki, M., P. A. Maurice, S. J. Traina,
"Kinetics of aqueous Pb reaction with
apatites," Soil Science, 165(12): 920-933,
2000.
8. Wright, J.V., J.L. Conca, K.R. Rice, B.
Murphy, PIMS Using Apatite II™: How It
Works to Remediate Soil and Water,
Proceedings of the Conference, ISBN
1057477-144-2, B4-05, Battelle Memorial
Institute, Columbus, OH, 2004.
9. Nriagu, J. O., P. B. Moore (Eds.), Phosphate
Minerals, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.
10. Morse, J. W., W. H. Casey, "Ostwald
processes and mineral paragenesis in
sediments," American Journal Science, 288:
537-560, 1988.
11. Koeppenkastrop, D., E. J. De Carlo,
"Sorption of rare earth elements from
seawater onto synthetic mineral phases,"
Chem. Geol, 95: 251-263, 1990.
12. Ma, Q. Y., T. J. Logan, S. J. Traina, "Lead
immobilization from aqueous solutions and
contaminated soils using phosphate rocks,"
Environ. Sci. Technol, 29: 1118-1126, 1995.
13. Wright, J. V., L. M. Peurrung, T. E. Moody,
J. L. Conca, X. Chen, P. P. Didzerekis, E.
Wyse, "In Situ Immobilization of Heavy
Metals in Apatite Mineral Formulations,"
Technical Report to the Strategic
Environmental Research and Development
Program, Department of Defense, Pacific
Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA, 154 p..
1995.
14. Chen, X., J. Wright, J. L. Conca, L. M.
Peurrung, "Effects of pH on heavy metal
sorption on mineral apatite," Environ. Sci.
Technol, 31:624-631, 1997a.
15. Chen, X., J. Wright, J. L. Conca, L. M.
Peurrung, "Evaluation of heavy metal
remediation using mineral apatite," Water,
Air and Soil Pollution, 98: 57-78, 1997b.
16. Conca, J. L., N. Lu, G. Parker, B. Moore, A.
Adams, J. Wright, P. Heller, "PIMS-
Remediation of Metal Contaminated Waters
77
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and Soils," In G.B. Wickramanayake, A.R. 21.
Gavaskar, J.T. Gibbs, J.L., Means (Eds.),
Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant
Compounds, vol. 7., p. 319-326, Battelle
Memorial Inst, Columbus, Ohio, 2000.
17. Ruby, M. V., A. Davis, A. Nicholson, "In situ 22.
formation of lead phosphates in soils as a
method to immobilize lead," Environ. Sci.
Technol, 28:646-654, 1994.
18. Golder Associates, Final Report on 23.
September 2002 to June 2003: Effectiveness
Monitoring Groundwater Treatment Facility,
Success Mine and Mill Site, Wallace, ID,
Submitted to TerraGraphics Environmental
Engineering by Golder Associates,
Septembers, 2003.
19. Calabretta, M., B. Hansen, G. Harvey, D. 24.
Morell, Treatment of Metals Impacted
Groundwater with a Semi-Passive Organic
Apatite System, Paper submitted to Society of
Mining Engineering, November 2001.
20. MSE Technology Applications, Inc.,
Evaluation of Apatite Media for Use in
Reactive Barriers and Treatment Systems to
Remove Metals and Radionuclides from
Contaminated Groundwater - Final Report,
for U.S. DOE, 2002.
MSE Technology Applications, Inc.,
Definitive Design for Apatite Treatment
Technology Deployment at the NS Tunnel
Site, Pinehurst, ID, for U.S. DOE, September
12, 2002.
Xu, Y. and F.W. Schwartz, Lead
"Immobilization by Hydroxyapatite in
Aqueous Solutions", Journal of Contaminant
Hydrology, 15: 187-206, 1994.
Clary, D.J., "Determining the Removal
Mechanisms of Fishbone Apatite for
Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc From the Nevada
Stewart Adit Discharge Water," Thesis
submitted to Department of Environmental
Engineering, Montana Tech of the University
of Montana, April 29, 2004.
Parkhurst, D.L., C.A.J. Appelo, User's Guide
to PHREEQC (Version 2)—A Computer
Program for Speciation, Batch Reaction,
One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse
Geochemical Calculations, _US Geological
Survey Water Investigation Report 99-4259,
Denver, CO, 1999.
78
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Appendix A
Nevada Stewart Mine Monthly Field Data Results
-------
Appendix B
EPA Toxicity Testing Reports
-------
Appendix C
Montana Tech's Final Report
on the Evaluation of Apatite II™ Media
from the Nevada Stewart Mine Apatite Treatment System
-------
Appendix D
Golder Associates Geochemical Report
-------
Appendix E
Solid Phase Digestion Results
-------
Appendix F
EPA Statistical Analysis
-------
EPA/600/R-06/153
February 2007
Mine Waste Technology Program
Permeable Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Monitoring Project
Nevada Stewart Mine
Appendices A through F
-------
Appendix A
Nevada Stewart Mine Monthly Field Data Results
-------
// - /vei/
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date: . " . . .
Sample #: :
Laboratory: :
Sample Matrix:
SampleType:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
.
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals. (ug/I)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
approx.
not installed
50
'nstalled flume
0.36
47
0.37
50.5
Baseline Sampling Events before
the System was Constructed.
NS Adit
7/13/2002
NS71802
HKM
Water
Baseline"
NS Adit
7/23/2002
NS72302
HKM
Water
Baseline*
nc
nc
nc
nc
NS Adit
9/23/2002
NS03-9/23/02
HKM
Water
Baseline*
nc
nc
nc
nc
6.8
9.8
764
270
2.42
46.9
2.2
2
1.2
0.27
91700
10
1.5
1030
1.57
41800
660
0.08
20.6
546
1.4
8440
3.7
7210
0.62
4310
7.01
11.8
743.00
bad probe
bad probe
46.9
2.4
3.4
1.2
0.38
89700
10
1.5-
655
1.5
41200
561
0.08
20.6
571
1.7
8230
3.7
7120
1.6
4110
6.78
9.9
807.00
67.60
1.B7
24
43.2
1.6
2.4
0.33
92900
10
2.4
995
0.63
42100
593
0.18
10.9
533
2.2
7660
3.7
7200
2.8
5290
0.4
62
November 2002 - Baseline Sampling Results
Sample Port 1
11/18/2002
SP1NSM11/1B/CE
HKM
Water
Baseline
19.78
8.67
1.35
8.62
18.64
6.76
9.9
790.00
-32.00
6.81
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.29
93600
9.00
1.4
731
1.30
42700
619
0.1
14.2
583
1.60
7840
4.4
7930
1.4
5640
(Duplicate)
Sample Port 1
11/18/2002
SP5NSM11/18/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
19.73
a. 67
1.35
8.62
18.64
6.84
9.9
794.00
-31.00
6.80
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.34
92200
9.00
2.10
758
1.50
41000
619
0.10
14.2
552
1.60
7630
4.4
7470
1.40
5610.0
Sample Port 2
11/18/2002
SP2NSM1 1/1 8/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.67
9.7
855
-271
0.73
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.05
9B800
9.00
1.4
142
1.30
42400
349
0.10
14.2
990
1.60
7870
4.4
8600
1.40
39.4
Sample Port 3
11/18/2002
SP3NSM1 1/1 8/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.69
9.4
1043
-242
1.56
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.30
0.07
99600
9.00
3.00
77
1.30
41700
235
0.10
14.2
1630
1.60
8490
4.4
9780
1.40
24.3
Sample Port 4
11/18/2002
SP4NSM11/13/D2
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.81
9.7
821
-285
0.71
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.05
99500
9.00
1.90
142
1.30
41800
384
0.10
14.2
640
1.60
7880
4.4
7930
1.40
68.6
Upstream
11/18/2002
SPUSNSM111802
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.29
4.8
59
-80
11.09
1.50
3.10
597.0
Downstream
11/18/2002
SPDSNSM111802
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.42
4.8
66
-90
10.82
1.80
3.70
916.0
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (uq/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/1)
Alkalinity ( mg/I)
Ammonia (mg/I)
Chloride (mg/I)
Fluoride (mg/1)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/1)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/1)
Total Phosphorus (mg/I)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/I)
Sulfate (mg/I)
Sulfide (mg/I)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flum
approx.
not installed
50
nstailed flume
0.36
47
0.37
50.5
Baseline Sampling Events before
the System was Constructed.
NS Adit
7/18/2002
NS71602
HKM
Water
Baseline*
46.9
2.9
0.96
1.2
0.27
88500
10
1.5
1510
3.2
40400
639
0.08
20.6
546
3.4
8193
3.7
6960
0.62
4190
<10
120
0.05
<5
<0.5
0.09
0.3
<0.05
0.44
0.1
270
0.77
e.
NS Adit
7/23/2002
NS72302
HKM
Water
Baseline"
46.9
9.6
3.4
1.2
0.37
91200
10
1.5
1150
5.2
42100
573
0.08
20.6
601
1.4
8320
3.7
7620
1.6
4230
<10
116
<0.05
<5
<0.5
O.05
0.16
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
268
0.57
NS Adit
9/23/2002
NS03-9/23/02
HKM
Water
Baseline"
24.00
28.80
1.80
2.40
0.20
101000.00
10.00
2.40
1540.00
0.63
45000.00
659.00
0
10.90
568.00
2.10
8200.00
3.70
7680.00
1.50
5850
10
118
118
<5
0.5
<0.05
0.09
O.05
0.8
0.65
155
2.3
<1
<1 , absent
0.4
62
November 2002 - Baseline Sampling Results
Sample Port 1
11/18/2002
SP1NSM11/18/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.29
98300
9.00
1.4
1410
2.1
43400
655
0
14.2
578
1.6
8180
4.4
7970
1.4
6030
<10
118
0.11
<5
<0.5
0.11
0.06
<0.5
0.37
0.2
257
<0.5
<1 , absent
,
Duplicate)
Sample Port 1
11/18/2002
SP5NSM1 1/1 8/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.26
94800.00
9.00
2.30
1370
2.40
43400
636
0.10
14.2
544.00
1.6
7860
4.4
7690
1.4
5810
Sample Port 2
11/18/2002
SP2NSM11/18/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.05
100000
9.00
1.80
170
1.40
43400
355
0.11
14.2
676.00
1.6
7880
4.4
8310
1.4
825
<10
146
6.8
<5
O.5
0.08
8
0.62
1.42
1.31
254
5.5
.
Sample Port 3
11/18/2002
SP3NSM11/18/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
25.4
26.7
2.30
1.1
0.05
99600
9.00
2.70
151
1.40
43400
247
0.11
14.2
1000.00
1.6
8390
4.4
8800
1.4
724
<10
286
32.9
<5
<0.5
0.16
38
0.82
8.36
7.83
191
62
Sample Port 4
11/18/2002
SP4NSM11/18/02
HKM
Water
Baseline
25.4
26.7
1.2
1.1
0.11
99600
9.00
1.83
148
1.70
43400
333
0.11
14.2
604.00
1.6
7770
4.4
7990
1.4
860
<10
135
3
<5
<0.5
2.9
3.4
2.2
2.98
1.34
259
3.5
<1 . absent
— . . - _
Upstream
11/18/2002
SPUSNSM1 11802
HKM
Water
Baseline
1.60
4.60
583
0.05
0.34
0.21
Downstream
11/18/2002
SPDSNSM1 11802
HKM
Water
Baseline
2.30
6.80
929
0.05
0.95
0.77
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK#1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
S'
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
43.64
JWofifflfft!^^
Sample Port 1
37678.00
SP1NSM2/26/03
HKM
Water
Baseline
585
6.96
9.7B
782.00
16 BO
6.18
90000.00
414.00
40300.00
61800
6340 00
(Duplicate)
Sample Port 1
37678 00
SP5NSM2/26/03
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.96
9.76
782.00
1690
6.18
-
Sample Port 2
37678.00
SP2NSM2/26/03
HKM
Water
SelectTarget
-F-lows>noHiIjaken^
yn3f>w^ff
f g-'» jip^ia-j d! • :a"
Sample Port 3
37673 00
SP3NSM2/26/03
HKM
Water
SelectTarget
iDueKRIiiggais
iftr^t^uMtfe
Sample Port 4
37678 00
SP4NSM2/26/03::
_ HKM
Water
Select Target
Mli^lsil
.tGltchLBafn5f
$&$&$&
711
711
169800
-139.60
060
95100.00
16700
40800 00
271.00
3050
703
797
2073.00
-127 10
076
95200.00
8170
41300 00
356.00
112000
7.98
7.98
1094 00
-10720
080
93900.00
33400
41200 00
60700
S470 00
Bottonuof Ret Basin
37678 00
NSM-Tank 1 bottom
HKM
Water
SelectTarget
Sil^M
aiJrarfl^l-fe
E<$f§^i;if
3t
-*)«
*.
*£,
m
Sf
*
VB
&
AH
S3
H
B
1
J-JE
51
*
m
m.
&%
:,=
-*s
'.1i
fee
»
3«
'¥$
«
rffc
tg.
isfj
<&
m
i3
a*
»
ir
m
*5
a&
•s*
M
*
»
ir-
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (uq/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/1)
Ammonia (mg/1)
Chloride (mg/1)
Fluoride (mg/1)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/1)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/1)
Total Phosphorus (mg/1)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/1)
Sulfate (mg/1)
Sulfide (mg/1)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
^*-«" • , - ^.r-
;absent'*
-!'• ; -, **-*•*
H.
^
C$
#
J£
*
•^:
z&
*.
j3;
4IU
jar.
4J-
ijj
-5^
Se
r-y
"«-
as"
•Si.
^
- \
TS
T^.
«=,
fi
-=-;
ite
:A
a
MI
0-
~fl
•ff&
"J&>
*i
•3t
•Sf
m
as
'«ri
v«
•^
s*
^lf^
m
X
S!6
Off
•a
m
--
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Mevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 1Q IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm;
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
0.35
43.63
March 2003 - Target Sampling Results
PorM
3/19/2003
NSMSP1 031903
HKM
Water
Target
21.4
6.83
9.8
771.00
22.60 .
bad probe
0.79 B
89000
490
0.84 B
40500
664
6170
Port 2
3/19/2003
NSMSP2031903
HKM
Water
Target
7.76
6.58
9.6
788.00
-55.80
bad probe
0.039 U
96700
62.4B
1.10B
40700
345
11.48
Port3
3/19/2003
NSMSP3 031903
HKM
Water
Target
9.56
6.76
9.6
778.00
-56.00
bad probe
0.039 U
90800
17.8B
0.81 U
40000
502
2490
Port 4
3/19/2003
NSMSP4031903
HKM
Water
Target
4.14
6.9
9.3
800
-90.7
bad probe
0.039 U
95300
118
1.02 B
39800
203
11.4 B
Upstream
3/19/2003
NSMSPUS031903
HKM
Water
Target
21.4
5.62
4.8
55
80.1
bad probe
2.33 B
4700 B
16.8B
2.79 B
2000 B
28.8
923
Downstream
3/19/2003
NSM SPDS 031903
HKM
Water
Target
6.1
4.8
68
60.9
bad probe
2.70 B
6110
18.3B
2.79 B
2560 B
35
1020
;
•-
_
,
_
-
;
--
-
^
i.
-
,—
^
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
.aboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/1)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/I)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flurr
^=. "7 -~ r *•* _ --*-" -
0.35
43.63
March 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
3/19/2003
NSMSP1 031903
HKM
Water
Target
0.62 B
88300
1640
8.99
40000
661
6210
<10
114
0.07
NS
NS
<0.05
0.17
<0.05
0.33
0.11
296
1.6
<1
-u- ._ *~ i
Port 2
3/19/2003
NSMSP2031903
HKM
Water
Target
0.04 U
93200
93.4 B
2.21 B
39400
332
1010
<10
126
0.87
NS
NS
<0.05
1.1
2
2
2
294
8.2
TNTC
*f£- -.^.J.*- ~~
PortS
3/19/2003
NSMSP3031903
HKM
Water
Target
0.04 U
88300
91..3B
2.73 B
39500
477
2810
<10
121
0.33
NS
NS
<0.05
0.78
0.78
1.3
0.85
296
3
TNTC
i_-^
Port 4
3/19/2003
NSMSP4031903
HKM
Water
Target
0.04 U
93500
105
2.1 6 B
39300
182
462
<10
141
1.5
NS
NS
<0.05
1.7
2.4
2.8
2.7
280
18.8
TNTC
" " ^ f-
Upstream
3/19/2003
NSMSPUS031903
HKM
Water
Target
3.19 B
4780 B
37.6 B
6.48
1950S
28.4
913
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.39
0.1
<1
-
Downstream
3/19/2003
NSMSPDS031903
HKM
Water
Target
13.8
6470
2700
287
2700 B
122
1420
0.05
0.08
O.05
0.32
<0.05
67
--
j
-
-
-
_
,
~
-
-
t
-
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
0.38
54.2
April 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
4/23/2003
NSM SP1 042303
HKM
Water
Target
26.7
6.73
10.0
774.00
-37.80
bad probe
0.53 B
82700
518
0.63 U
38500
647
5520
Port 2
4/23/2003
NSM SP2 042303
HKM
Water
Target
6.8
6.72
9.6
773.00
-108.30
bad probe
0.05 U
89800
10.1 U
0.67 B
. 39800
399
11.7 B
Port 3
4/23/2003
>ISM SP3 042303
HKM
Water
Target
18.6
6.72
9.9
773.00
-75.50
bad probe
0.05 U
87900
224
0.63 U
38700
563
4060
Port 4
4/23/2003
NSM SP4 042303
HKM
Water
Target
2.6
6.92
9.7
791.00
-161.20
bad probe
0.05 U
93000
68.4 B
0.90 B
39400
213
5.3 U
Upstream
4/23/2003
NSM SPUS 042303
HKM
Water
Target
26
4.90
5.6
34.00
122.20
bad probe
0.91 B
3230 B
10.1 U
2.0 B
1130B
6.8 B
339
Downstream
4/23/2003
NSM SPDS 042303
HKM
Water
Target
4.73
5.7
47.00
153.70
bad probe
0.59 B
• 4340 B
10.1 U
1.8B
1610 B
12.7 B
419
Port A
4/23/2003
NSM SPA 042303
HKM
Water
Target
6.7
9.9
773
-67.4
bad probe
0.56 B
87200
462
1.3 B
39800
693
5900
Dup - SP2
4/23/2003
NSM SP5D 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
38700
12.7 B
1.3 B
39500
395
13.SB
Blank
4/23/2003
NSM SP5B 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
1B.1 U
10.1 U
1.5 B
34.9 U
2.4 U
5.3 U
-
•
'
-
-
-
-
^
-
J
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
SampleS:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
0.38
54.2
April 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Pom
4/23/2003
NSM SP1 042303
HKM
Water
Target
Total Metals (ug/L) I
AI
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Win
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l) 1
Chloride (mg/l) 1
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l) j
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l) i
Total Phosphorus (mg/l) 1
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l) I
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present I
!
0.80B
89500
1540
3.0 B
40300
684
5840
<10
116
O.05
0.08
0.08
<0.05
0.17
<0.05
284
O.05
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flum
,*-,'*, ~- - """- - -•--[—
-< J
Port 2
4/23/2003
NSM SP2 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
92700
21.6 B
0.75 U
40900
419
2380
<10
112
0.6B
1.1
0.75
1.2
1.4
1.2
273
1.6
.. -5;
PortS
4/23/2003
NSM SP3 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.41 B
89000
671
1.4 B
40400
570
4B60
<10
117
0.43
0.7
0.68
0.31
0.55
0.41
274
1.4
* « ~- -., ,
Port 4
4/23/2003
NSM SP4 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
95100
91 .OB
0.75 U
40500
216
342
<10
142
1.5
0.89
1.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
259
14
TNTC
^_— " _-1,-
Upstream
4/23/2003
NSM SPUS 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.94 B
3970 B
44.0 B
2.2 B
1110B
8.9B
576
0.21
0.06
0.35
O.05
0.1
<0.05
30
1 -*• 'P1 -w ~
Downstream
4/23/2003
NSM SPDS 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.84 B
5000 B
60.5 B
3.3
1650 B
14.8 B
566
<0.05
0.75
0.2
<0.05
0.13
<0.05
27
_
Port A
4/23/2003
NSM SPA 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.84 B
86300
3370
4.3
39200
679
6130
_
Dup - SP2
4/23/2003
NSM SP5D 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
89300
29.2 B
0.75 U
39400
394
2220
^ —•
Blank
4/23/2003
NSM SP5B 042303
HKM
Water
Target
0.09 B
39.8 B
10.1 B
0.75 U
34.9 U
2.4 U
5.3 U
-
-
-
^
^
-
-
-
,
~
-
-
^ „
I
j
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
.aboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK#1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm;
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N'
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
0.325
34.4
May 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
5/29/2003
NSM SP1 052903
HKM
Water
Target
30.0
Port 2
5/29/2003
NSM SP2 052903
HKM
Water
Target
1.69
Ports
5/29/2003
NSM SP3 052903
HKM
Water
Target
19.7
6.61
10.1
777
-14.B
6.45
0.44 B
88600
621
0.63 U
41100
652
5810
6.11
10.0
787
-49.8
0.69
0.05 U
93200
10.0 U
0.63 U
41600
418
1470
6.18
10.0
782
-32.2
5.28
0.06 B
90500
443
0.63 U
41300
567
4870
Port 4
5/29/2003
NSM SP4 052903
HKM
Water
Target
9.5
30.B9
6.01
10.0
807
-41.5
0.2
0.05 U
97200
61. OB
0.63 U
41500
200
5.3 U
Upstream
5/29/2003
NSM SPUS 05290;
HKM
Water
Target
5
8.9
28
36.4
10.27
0.71 B
2960 B
10.1 U
1.4 B
933 B
4.8 B
238
Downstream
5/29/2003
NSM SPDS 052903
HKM
Water
Target
4.21
8.7
41
130.7
10.34
0.61 B
4150B
10.1 U
1.7 B
1430 B
10.0B
334
Dup-SP3
5/29/2003
NSM SP5D 052903
HKM
Water
0.05 U
91400
445
0.63 U
41800
579
4940
Blank
5/29/2003
NSM SP5B 052903
HKM
Water
0.05 U
36.4 B
10.1 U
0.63 U
34.9 U
2.4 U
5.3 U
-
T:
"
'-.
-"
~
-
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
r
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/I)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/1)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
^ ~ -~ ^ c*^""* "* -~^ -^ ~ *•;
0.325
34.4
May 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
5/29/2003
NSM SP1 052903
HKM
Water
Target
0.53 B
91600
1630
3.4
41900
685
6060
<10
120
O.05
<0.05
0.19
<0.05
0.49
0.17
273
<0.05
<1 at flume
-- ~ "* ^
Port 2
5/29/2003
NSM SP2 052903
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
95000
27.4 B
1.3 B
42200
415
2660
<10
124
0.38
1.3
0.53
0.93
1.4
1.1
277
1.1
~~ , V
Ports
5/29/2003
NSM SP3 052903
HKM
Water
Target
0.42 B
90900
1190
2.3 B
41700
587
5120
<10
124
0.2
0.47
0.49
0.23
0.69
0.37
268
<0.05
- _ •=_..#-
Port 4
5/29/2003
NSM SP4 052903
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
96300
89.7 B
1.1 B
41600
206
216
<10
153
1.9
1.1
2
3
2.6
2.6
262
11.1
150
absen
-».»*!£>,__ _ j
Upstream
5/29/2003
NSM SPUS 05290:
HKM
Water
Target
0.83 B
3060 B
34.8 B
3.3
927 B
6.2 B
273
<0.05
<0.05
0.28
<0.05
0.41
0.12
114
absen
-
Downstream
5/29/2003
NSM SPDS 052903
HKM
Water
Target
1.3 B
4280 B
43.1 B
4
1480B
12.2B
362
0.3
<0.05
0.35
<0.05
0.47
0.12
70
absen
^ c
Dup - SP3
5/29/2003
NSM SP5D 052903
HKM
Water
0.44 B
90700
1190
2.4 B
41700
567
5140
"" -
Blank
5/29/2003
NSM SP5B 052903
HKM
Water
0.05 B
112 B
30.5 B
1.8 B
34.9 U
2.4 U
19.2B
i
j
>
•-
,-
-
-
^
_
;
-
-
-
'*
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK#1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/I):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
S'
Ag
Na
T
Zn
0.35
43.64
June 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
6/19/2003
NSM SP1 052903
HKM
Water
Target
18.172
6.1
10.1
746
83.6
8.05
55.6
0.38 B
95700
683
1.5 B
41600
676
6420
Port 2
8/19/2003
NSM SP2 052903
HKM
Water
Target
6.666
6.54
10.3
750
-22.8
0.3
2.8
0.05 U
95800
34.2 B
1.7 B
41400
269
918
Port3
6/19/2003
NSM SP3 052903
HKM
Water
Target
6.606
6.56
10.6
747
-2B.1
0.95
8.6
0.06 B
98200
367
1.8 B
42000
285
1280
Port 4
6/19/2003
NSM SP4 052903
HKM
Water
Target
3.033
18.305
6.05
10.4
750
-66.1
0.59
5.1
0.05 U
101000
166
1.7 B
41700
236
13.7B
Upstream
6/19/2003
NSM SPUS 052903
HKM
Water
Target
5.73
11.7
39
129.4
9.63
88.5
1.2 B
413
Downstream
6/19/2003
NSM SPDS 052903
HKM
Water
Target
5.4
11.5
60
-13.9
9.74
89.8
1.0B
542
Dup-SP4
6/19/2003
NSM SP5D 052903
HKM
Water
0.05 U
101000
156
1.3 B
41700
233
7.2 B
Blank
6/19/2003
NSM SP5B 052903
HKM
Water
0.05 U
40.8 B
10.2 U
1.5 B
58.3 U
2.6 U
6.2 U
-
-
-
J
-
~
_
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/I)
Alkalinity ( mg/I)
Ammonia (mg/I)
Chloride (mg/I)
Fluoride (mg/I)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/I)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/I)
Total Phosphorus (mg/I)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/I)
Sulfate (mg/I)
Sulfide (mg/I)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
" -, C: -H- -, r^- aTJ~* -
0.35
43.64
June 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
6/19/2003
NSM SP1 052903
HKM
Water
Target
0.38 B
87900
1430
2.6 B
40500
626
5970
<10
120
O.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.17
0.06
282
<0.05
2
' _
Port 2
6/19/2003
NSM SP2 052903
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 u
93300
44.7 B
2.1 B
40900
265
1680
<10
125
0.76
1.3
0.84
1.3
1.4
1.4
277
1.6
*-if— _ ^ ~"*^
Ports
6/19/2003
NSM SP3 Q52903
HKM
Water
Target
0.08 B
91300
443
2.3 B
40600
270
2290
<10
123
0.89
1.1
0.84
1.1
1.3
1.2
25B
1.3
— j. -*• " i
Port 4
6/19/2003
NSM SP4 052903
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
96500
148
2.5 B
41100
227
163"
<10
141
1.5
1.3
1.7
2.3
2.4
2.4
254
9
467
•*!,
Upstream
6/19/2003
NSM SPUS 052903
HKM
Water
Target
1.2 B
5.2
416
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.12
0.05
119
Downstream
6/19/2003
NSM SPDS 052903
HKM
Water
Target
1.3B
5
517
O.05
<0.05
0.11
<0.05
<0.05
0.07
314
- - , '
Dup - SP4
6/19/2003
NSM SP5D 052903
HKM
Water
0.05 U
95900
154
1.9 B
40700
226
7.3"
_.
Blank
6/19/2003
NSM SP5B 052903
HKM
Water
0.05 U
20.7 B
10.2U
2.1 B
58.3 U
2.6 U
6.2 U
-
!
'-
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW { gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 -6 IN. TEE
(gpm]
FLOW (gpm} AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%}
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
0.34
40
July 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
7/28/2003
NSM SP1 072803
HKM
Water
Target
12.4
5.38
10.1
755
116.2
10.84
96.4
0.3BB
94000
689
1.9 B
42600
607
6330
Port 2
7/23/2003
NSM SP2 072803
HKM
Water
Target
7.76
Ports
7/28/2003
NSM SP3 072B03
HKM
Water
Target
3.5
Port 4
7/28/2003
NSM SP4 072803
HKM
Water
Target
1.01
12.15
6.3
10.2
759
11.91
1.48
13.3
0.09 B
93000
10.2U
2.0 B
43400
262
3110
6.62
10.6
756
8.6
4.49
40.5
0.05 U
96900
578
1.9 B
43200
346
1720
6.73
10.9
773
-43.1
0.56
5.1
0.05 U
101000
107
2.1 B
42900
174
6.2 U
Upstream
7/28/2003
NSM SPUS 072803
HKM
Water
Target
4.78
13.6
47
165.8
14.19
136.5
1.7 B
3.5
482
Downstream
7/28/2003
NSM SPDS 07280;
HKM
Water
Target
4.08
13.3
81
157.4
12.89
122.9
0.94 B
3.2
685
Dup-SP1
7/28/2003
NSM SP5D 072803
HKM
Water
0.35 B
95700
707
2.0 B
43300
615
6420
Blank
7/2B/2003
_
-
,
NSM SP5B 072803!
HKM
Water
0.05 U
42.4 B
10.2U
1.9 B
58.3 U
2.6 U
6.2 U
_
"
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/I)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flurr
'_ ^^^'^f^ *. - ~~~
0.34
40
July 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
7/28/2003
NSM SP1 072803
HKM
Water
Target
0.46 B
95700
1510
2.0 B
42700
620
6480
<10
119
O.05
0.09
<0.05
<0.05
0.51
0.16
296
<0.05
3.0
*
Port 2
7/28/2003
NSM SP2 072803
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
99800
10.2U
0.81 B
43600
274
3660
<10
122
0.25
1.1
0.4
0.72
0.82
0.83
300
2.2
* j_-
Port3
7/28/2003
NSM SP3 072803
HKM
Water
Target
0.1 9 B
99300
946
1.4 B
43400
352
3200
<10
129
0.94
0.42
1.0
0.85
1.3
0.97
292
3.6
"_* i-1
Port 4
7/28/2003
NSM SP4 072803
HKM
Water
Target
0.05 U
10500
110
0.78 U
43600
183
94.2
<10
140
1.6
0.49
1.6
2.5
2.4
2.5
286
14.1
162
u „
Upstream
7/28/2003
NSM SPUS 072803
HKM
Water
Target
1.7 B
8
527
<0.05
O.05
<0.05
0.37
0.1
221
^
Downstream
7/2B/2003
NSM SPDS 072BK
HKM
Water
Target
1.6 B
4.7
746
NA
NA
O.05
0.11
NA
229
Dup-SP1
7/28/2003
NSM SP5D 072803
HKM
Water
0.44 B
100000
1580
1.6 B
44200
655
6830
-
Blank
7/28/2003
NSM SP5B 072803
HKM
Water
0.06 B
38.8 B
148
1.2 B
58.3 U
2.6 U
8.0 B
- ~-
?
„
-
-
--
-
-.
-
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%;
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cc
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
0.34
40.4
August 2003 -Target Sampling Results
Port!
3/19/2003
NSM SP1 091903
HKM
Water
Target
16.7
Port 2
8/19/2003
NSM SP2 081 903
HKM
Water
Target
7.7
PortS
8/19/2003
NSM SP3 081903
HKM
Water
Target
7.3
Port 4
8/19/2003
NSM SP4 081 903
HKM
Water
Target
1.2
18.6
5.33
10.1
753
25.3
9.49
84.6
0.22
90700
537
0.66
10900
581
6430
6.3B
10.2
755
-33.6
2.04
18.6
0.05
93300
10.2
0.66
41500
202
3550
6.52
10.3
753
-28.2
5.86
52.6
0.05
91600
347
0.66
41000
413
3410
6.25
11.0
768
-36
0.36
3.4
0.05
97300
80.1
0.69
40600
165
6.2
Upstream
8/19/2003
NSM SPUS 081903
HKM
Water
Target
5.19
12.8
49
61.2
13.07
129.5
1.6
2.9
510
Downstream
8/19/2003
NSM SPDS 061903
HKM
Water
Target
4.81
11.9
85
88.2
14.17
131
0.91
1.4
721
Dup - SP2
8/19/2003
NSMSP5DOB190!
HKM
Water
6.37
10.1
755
-33.6
2.49
20
0.05
92000
10.2
0.66
41000
207
3420
Blank
8/19/2003
1
H
!
,
NSM SP5B 031903!
HKM
Water
0.05
33
10.2
0.66
58.3
2.6
6.2
_
-
„
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/I)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
~ L r^ ' — ^ * " -
0.34
40.4
August 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
8/1 9/2003
NSMSP1 081903
HKM
Water
Target
0.2B
92100
1290
0.71
41400
591
6600
10
116
0.05
0.05
0.11
0.05
0.8
0.23
283
0.5
3
r "X. -
Port 2
8/19/2003
NSMSP20B1903
HKM
Water
Target
0.05
93800
10.2
0.77
41400
212
3960
10
117
0.13
0.27
0.25
0.6
1.5
0.84
297
0.5
~~ "" - •>
Ports
8/19/2003
MSMSP30S1903
HKM
Water
Target
0.1
92100
817
0.77
41400
413
4490
10
120
0.44
0.05
0.52
0.44
1.4
0.69
286
1.8
a- -.sr.
Port 4
8/19/2003
NSMSP4081903
HKM
Water
Target
0.05
96700
105
0.66
41000
162
67.8
10
133
1.7
0.05
1.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
286
10.6
79
_^=- "~" ^
Upstream
8/19/2003
VISMSPUSOS1903
HKM
Water
Target
1.4
3.6
554
0.05
0.05
0.7
0.05
0.51
0.14
251
•*• _
Downstream
8/19/2003
NSMSPDS031903
HKM
Water
Target
0.05
0.66
765
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.05
0.5
0.21
274
Dup - SP2
3/19/2003
NSMSP5D081903
HKM
Water
1.5
95100
10.2
3.7
41500
210
3950
,
Blank
3/19/2003
NSMSP5B081903
HKM
Water
0.05
31
10.2
0.66
58.3
2.6
6.2
-
-j
4
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Slevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK#1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
S"
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
September 2003 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
9/23/2003
NSM SP1 092303
HKM
Water
Target
13.77
6.4
10.0
817
42.7
6.09
54.4
0.41
96100
595
0.78
42300
602
7160
Port 2
9/23/2003
NSM SP2 092303
HKM
Water
Target
5.8
6.61
10.0
823
17
0.87
7.7
0.05
101000
10.2
0.78
42900
164
3920
Ports
.9/23/2003
NSM SP3 092303
HKM
Water
Target
7.76
6.5
10.0
820
31.1
4.11
36.5
0.08
99500
369
0.78
43000
447
4770
Port 4
9/23/2003
NSM SP4 092303
HKM
Water
Target
1.01
14.62
6.74
10.3
837
-44.7
0.33
2.8
0.07
106000
87.1
0.78
43200
160
10
Upstream
9/23/2003
NSM SPUS 092303
HKM
Water
Target
6.09
9.0
52
45.4
10.23
88.5
1.5
2.6
519
Downstream
9/23/2003
NSM SPDS 092303
HKM
Water
Target
5.7
8.7
92
43.4
10.21
87.7
1.1
1.5
792
Dup-SP3
9/23/2003
NSM SP5D 092303
HKM
Water
0.05
99500
373
0.78
42600
477
4920
Blank
9/23/2003
NSM SP5B 092303
HKM
Water
0.05
25.3
10.2
0.78
58.3
2.6
6.2
t€;
ffi
&T4
m
•ssa
m
ff3
SB
m
"s*i
&
1$£
&%
-55i£
1
I
V!S
yt
1
;-i-s
>^.
SB
jf.t;
K^S
»»
i*
BJ*
iS^
Sii;
m
88S
m
m
m
m
ss
Sal
SB
5s
SS
ssa
i^i?
iSS*
m
»
M
m
«
m>
m.
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
.aboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity { mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahi (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/1)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/1)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flurr
" » l^f -•* -, «
September 2003 -Target Sampling Results
Pom
9/23/2003
NSM SP1 092303
HKM
Water
Target
0.4
99800
1490
1.39
43000
633
7540
<10
118
<0.05
0.07
O.05
<0.05
2.32
1.42
325
O.5
1
-
Port 2
9/23/2003
NSM SP2 092303
HKM
Water
Target
0.05
102000
10.2
0.78
43300
153
4390
<10
117
0.14
0.38
0.18
0.62
2.2
2.26
331
<0.5
Port3
9/23/2003
NSM SP3 092303
HKM
Water
Target
0.34
100000
1030
0.78
431 00
489
5910
<10
120
0.27
0.09
0.29
0.26
1.77
1.5
338
<0.5
__,-••-••>-- -
Port 4
9/23/2003
NSM SP4 092303
HKM
Water
Target
0.08
104000
97.5
0.78
43100
157
89.5
<10
136
1.63
0.89
1.64
2.13
2.39
2.35
331
15.33
63
-±L_ T~
Upstream
9/23/2003
NSM SPUS 092303
HKM
Water
Target
1.5
4.9
554
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
5.8
0.75
148
- -
Downstream
9/23/2003
NSM SPDS 092303
HKM
Water
Target
1.6
3.6
806
O.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.94
0.69
135
t~ t ^
Dup - SP3
9/23/2003
NSM SP5D 092303
HKM
Water
0.27
100000
1060
0.78
42700
494
5940
" ~i "^
Blank
9/23/2003
NSM SP5B 092303
HKM
Water
0.05
26.4
10.2
0.78
58.3
2.6
9.9
-^ > * **•
iSHf
I
&%
m
-SSs
«
M
9s
«
m
m
*
m
m
-B»
'?".%
«?
•i--?;;-'
ri-S
m
m
Hi-
BS
•
pr
W&
m
'Si
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
M
S3
Mi
m
a*
it
•
i*5ffi
MB?
*^
m
B
m
m
v.
«t
m
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK#1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (pS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
AI
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
October 2003 - Baseline Sampling Results
Port-l
10/21/2003
NSM SP1 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
9.8
6.56
9.9
842
-24.5
6.5
31.1
39.9
0.73
1.7
0.46
103000
8.8
1.4
758
2.1
44300
640
0.11
22.1
593
1.2
7720
0.31
7760
1.8
7780
Port 2
10/21/2003
NSM SP2 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
0.8
6.52
9.9
842
-19.5
1.2
31.1
39.9
0.56
1.7
0.04
104000
8.8
1.4
84.8
1.8
43700
162
0.11
22.1
599
1.2
7590
0.31
7660
1.8
3920
Port 3
10/21/2003
NSM SP3 1021 03
HKM
Water
Baseline
7.7
6.5
9.9
841
-24.4
5.87
35.6
39.9
0.5
1.7
0.04
103000
8.8
1.7
432
1.4
44100
504
0.11
22.1
582
1.2
7650
0.31
7740
1.8
5820
Port 4
10/21/2003
NSM SP4 1021 03
HKM
Water
Baseline
1.2
9.7
6.55
9.9
851
-102
0.51
33.8
39.9
0.5
1.7
0.04
111000
8.8
1.4
106
1.1
44900
161
0.11
22.1
613
1.2
7810
0.31
7980
1.8
6.7
Upstream
10/21/2003
NSM SPUS 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.58
9.0
57
-18
10.4
47.7
1.7
3.1
4170
565
Downstream
10/21/2003
NSMSPDS102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.46
9.1
97
26.9
10.3
31.1
1.4
3
4330
842
Dup-SP1
10/21/2003
NSM SP5D 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
39.9
0.62
1.7
0.46
103000
8.8
1.4
762
1.5
44000
643
0.11
22.1
592
1.2
7680
0.31
7740
1.8
7790
SP-A
10/21/2003
NSMSPA102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
6.67
9.9
840
-22.5
6.21
54.8
642
628
7670
Blank
10/21/2003
1
fi
s^-
iK'r
J£
m
aft
«
*
«f
88
NSMSP5B102103H
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
39.9
0.5
1.7
0.08
13.7
8.8
1.4
9
2.1
54.2
3
0.11
22.1
21.1
1.2
48.8
0.31
4
1.8
10
tS
n
§
*v?
I
uV&
rj'i£'
^
1
'$&
&£;
rffc
£&
Mr
££
H;-
•£%
m
ft
«
m
m
m
Si
m
m
x
«i
m
m
fe
*i
m
&
SS
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
•Jevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sampled:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mr)
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
October 2003 - Baseline Sampling Results
Portl
10/21/2003
NSMSP1 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
39.9
0.78
1.7
0.38
103000
8.8
1.4
1490
1.3
44000
637
0.11
22.1
584
1.2
7730
0.31
7750
1.8
7810
<10
118
0.05
<5
0.5
0.05
0.08
<0.05
2.17
2.17
305
<0.5
<1
Part 2
10/21/2003
NSMSP2 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
39.9
0.5
1.7
0.04
103000
8.8
1.4
105
0.85
43400
161
0.11
22.1
603
1.2
7500
0.31
8200
1.8
4350
<10
122
0.25
<5
<0.5
0.31
0.34
0.65
2.7
2.7
309
1.9
KwyfffiKmaMs
Ports
10/21/2003
NSMSP3 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.7
39.9
0.5
1.7
0.47
102000
8.8
1.4
1120
1.4
43900
487
0.11
22.1
594
1.2
7620
0.31
7750
1.8
6220
<10
118
0.3
<5
<0.5
0.08
0.3
0.23
2
0.56
307
1.9
Port 4
10/21/2003
NSMSP4102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
39.9
0.5
1.7
0.04
107000
8.8
1.4
111
0.78
43800
150
0.11
22.1
615
1.2
7590
0.31
7940
1.8
84.1
<10
140
1.5
<5
<0.5
<0.05
1.6
2.3
4
2.5
295
10.9
55
SsSgsBSBiSBB?
Upstream
10/21/2003
NSMSPUS 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
1.6
3.3
4260
600
<0.05
<0.05
0.1
<0.05
2.1
0.19
168
SsSasUBBSfflE
Downstream
10/21/2003
NSMSPDS102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
1.8
5.3
4440
909
0.05
<0.05
0.1
<0.05
2.1
0.19
187
jsW^viT ; -: '^ "-"I ^t i^SM'S^
Dup-SP1
10/21/2003
NSM SP5D 102103
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
39.9
0.86
1.7
0.39
103000
3.8
1.4
1490
1.5
44100
643
0.11
22.1
582
1.2
7750
0.31
7700
1.8
7850
ysmmf^ifm^.'
SP-A
10/21/2003
NSMSPA1021D3
HKM
Water
Baseline
1590
641
7880
Eiffi'aSffiSm
Blank
10/21/2003
a
I
m
&
*
§
*
«
*
NSM SPSS 102103fe
HKM
Water
Baseline
31.1
39.9
0.5
1.7
0.04
12.3
8.8
1.4
9
0.93
54.2
3
0.11
22.1
21.1
1.2
36.7
0.31
4
1.8
6.7
•J.«5SCS=S§BS
-§1:
«
&
&£:
?S.v
=3J
*%z
#$
&
SH
™
m
'OSS
Jft
S:
JS£
m
83
as
'&
X
£\~.
*
SB
5*
m
m
EG|
HS
8s
m
Si
m
fit
m
1
m
ag
•£.
ss
&,
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Ports
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%'
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cc
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
November - Target Sampling Results
Portl
11/25/2003
NSMSP1 102103
HKM
Water
17.605
6.65
9.7
818
-31.6
6.73
59.3
0.39
101000
663
0.8
43600
646
7530
Port 2
11/25/2003
NSMSP2112503
HKM
Water
5.35
6.56
9.4
821
-27.1
0.86
0.7
0.04
105000
62.4
0.8
43500
136
2450
Port3
11/25/2003
NSMSP3 112503
HKM
Water
7.76
6.56
9.5
820
-26.8
1.83
16
0.04
104000
33.2
0.8
43400
172
3650
Port 4
11/25/2003
NSMSP4112503
HKM
Water
4.01
17.62
6.74
9.1
826
• -13.5
1.1
9.4
0.04
106000
74.2
0.8
43300
271
139
Upstream
11/25/2003
VISMSPUS 112503
HKM
Water
6.1
1.7
60
31.6
12.18
87.6
2.2
NR
NR
3
NR
NR
843
Downstream
11/25/2003
vISMSPDS 112503
HKM
Water
5.41
1.9
90.1
36
12.5
90.1
2.3
NR
NR
2.5
NR
NR
1050
Dup = SP4
11/25/2003
SMSP5D 11250:
HKM
Water
0.04
106000
68.7
0.8
43000
230
260
Blank
11/25/2003
NSMSP5B 112503
HKM
Water
0.04
31.1
9
0.8
54.2
3
6.9
1 1.
t*
~
*
a.
•.
«L
^
~
i
°?
=-
V
"•*
>
^iS
m
Ss&i
m
ss
5*1!
i?K
m
®w
sstK
»
aSfe
sii*
s»
jcf*
m
%j%
a*
m
m
H*
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW (gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/I)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/1)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
November - Target Sampling Results
Portl
1 1/25/2003
NSMSP1 102103
HKM
Water
0.33
96700
1460
0.8
41600
621
7240
<10
120
0.06
0.18
<.05
<.05
0.07
0.09
295
<.05
4
Port 2
11/25/2003
NSMSP2 112503
HKM
Water
0.04
101000
56.8
0.8
42000
133
2710
<10
124
0.33
0.75
0.35
0.99
1.1
1.1
292
0.83
Ports
11/25/2003
NSMSP3 112503
HKM
Water
0.04
100000
28
0.8
41700
155
3580
<10
114
0.23
0.27
0.24
0.7
0.85
0.88
284
<.5
Port 4
11/25/2003
NSMSP4112503
HKM
Water
0.04
105000
79.8
0.8
42700
269
637
<10
124
0.36
<.05
0.41
1.5
1.6
1.5
291
4.2
60
Upstream
11/25/2003
NSMSPUS 112503
HKM
Water
2
NR
NR
5.4
NR
NR
820
<.05
<.05
<.05
<.05
0.06
0.06
21
Downstream
11/25/2003
NSMSPDS112503
HKM
Water
2.2
NR
NR
5.7
NR
NR
1010
<.05
<.05
<.05
<.05
0.05
0.07
72
Dup = SP4
11/25/2003
SMSP5D 11250:
HKM
Water
0.04
104000
90.8
0.8
41900
275
870
Blank
11/25/2003
NSMSP5B 112503
HKM
Water
0.04
24.4
9
0.8
54.2
3
6.9
§
ar
•#>
*-t
*
i'
.i
•j
s-
~
-ta
-
,'
~
^
-
»•
,3
-JT
f
'^.
'
-,
^
X~
a*
m
m
m
?M
m
m
«
m
*&
m
m
m
m
lai
iK
9
®*
•&?•'•
sm
*Bf
XK
*rf
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
.aboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm:
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (pS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
-'
.
December 2003 - Target Sampling Results
PorM
12/22/2003
NSMSP1 122203
HKM
Water
15.78
6.26
9.7
826
28.5
7.09
62.5
0.78
93200
657
0.94
40900
607
7120
Port 2
12/22/2003
NSMSP21 22203
HKM
Water
5
6.43
9.2
828
70.5
8.77
76.5
0.06
95300
44.1
0.94
40600
93
2280
Ports
12/22/2003
NSMSP3122203
HKM
Water
9.5
6.49
9.5
825
25.8
4.42
36.4
0.06
95000
166
0.94
40700
255
4B90
Port 4
12/22/2003
NSMSP4122203
HKM
Water
5
6.51
9.3
831
9.5
0.72
6.5
0.06
99900
54
0.94
41200
291
866
Upstream
12/22/2003
NSMSPUS122203
HKM
Water
19.5
5.25
2.6
99
90.5
12.35
90.4
2.6
NR
NR
2.4
NR
NR
1040
Downstream
12/22/2003
NSMSPDS122203
HKM
Water
5.15
2.5
69
'140.5
12.85
94.5
2.7
NR
NR
2.1
NR
NR
1170
Dup = SP2
12/22/2003
NSMSP5D1 22203
HKM
Water
0.06
94BOO
32
0.94
40600
95.6
2210
Blank
12/22/2003
NSMSP5B122203 -
HKM
Water
0.06
18.9
9
0.94
54.2
3
-
_
6.7
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
vlevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/I)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flu
"^ ^ - * "~ ^ -
December 2003 -Target Sampling Results
Portl
12/22/2003
NSMSP1 122203
HKM
Water
0.81
96400
1410
6.3
42200
634
7420
<10
112
0.05
0.06
0.08
<.05
0.03
0.16
296
<.05
<1
_ - —
Port 2
12/22/2003
NSMSP2122203
HKM
Water
0.06
98500
51.7
0.94
42000
101
2970
<10
116
0.32
1.2
0.39
0.37
1.1
1
296
1.3
~
Port3
12/22/2003
NSMSP3122203
HKM
Water
0.27
96500
391
2
41600
253
4950
<10
114
0.16
0.27
0.25
0.51
0.6
0.64
294
0.93
'• [^ -M 1
Port 4
12/22/2003
NSMSP4122203
HKM
Water
0.06
102000
66.2
0.94
42400
297
1480
<10
117
0.35
0.61
0.45
1.3
1.4
1.4
292
5.1
7
*
Upstream
12/22/2003
NSMSPUS122203
HKM
Water
2.7
NR
MR
4.3
NR
NR
1070
<.OS
<.05
O.OB
<.05
0.1
0.08
<1
-
Downstream
12/22/2003
NSMSPDS122203
HKM
Water
2.9
NR
NR
5.6
NR
NR
1230
0.19
0.93
0.34
<.05
0.1
<.05
<1
"*•* __
Dup=SP2
12/22/2003
NSMSP5D122203
HKM
Water
;:
0.06
9B300
38
0.94
41700
97.4
3020
Blank
12/22/2003
NSMSP5B122203
HKM
Water
0.06
195
14.1
0.94
54.2
3
6.7
~
-
-
i
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW { gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK#1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cc
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
February 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
2/10/2004
NSMSP1021004
HKM
Water
9.7B
6.21
9.3
784
27.3
6.32
51.8
1.4
91700
749
0.72
39000
629
7060
Port 2
2/10/2004
NSMSP2021004
HKM
Water
2.1
6.43
9.3
818
60.8
7.93
63.2
0.04
97600
115
0.72
39400
132
1210
Port3
2/10/2004
NSMSP3021004
HKM
Water
5.85
6.32
9.4
798
29.3
4.81
39.6
0.21
93400
278
0.72
39000
347
5150
Port 4
2/10/2004
NSMSP4021004
HKM
Water
2.56
6.49
9.1
808
10.6
0.74
6.6
0.04
96500
52.8
0.72
39000
229
1280
Upstream
2/10/2004
NSMUS021004
HKM
Water
10.51
5.86
2.4
64
101.6
12.63
88.6
2.5
NR
NR
2.5
NR
NR
1040
Downstream
2/10/2004
NSMDS021004
HKM '
Water
5.77
2.5
96
150.3
12.61
89.3
2.4
NR
NR
0.72
NR
NR
1270
Dup=SP1
2/10/2004
NSMSP5D021004
HKM
Water
1.3
90500
746
0.72
38500
619
700
Blank
2/10/2004
NSMSP5B021004
HKM
Water
0.04
20.4
15.1
0.72
41.2
2.6
7
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
•Jevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/I)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
'- "• ~ ^
February 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
2/10/2004
NSMSP1021004
HKM
Water
1.6
93800
1980
13.4
39500
648
7320
<10
112
<.05
<.05
0.1
0.05
0.05
O.OB
269
0.5
<1
i -
Port 2
2/10/2004
NSMSP2021004
HKM
Water
0.04
99400
177
0.72
39900
136
2420
<10
119
0.75
0.07
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.1
265
1.5
.- j
Ports
2/10/2004
NSMSP3021004
HKM
Water
0.72
97100
1040
7.6
39800
369
5560
<10
116
0.19
0.13
0.23
0.46
0.42
0.44
266
0.67
i •,"
Port 4
2/10/2004
NSMSP4021004
HKM
Water
0.04
100000
66.7
0.72
39800
241
1880
<10
122
0.36
0.13
0.44
1.3
1.4
1.2
272
0.87
4
~ ~ j
Upstream
2/10/2004
NSMUS021004
HKM
Water
2.6
NR
NR
3.8
NR
NR
1090
<.05
<.05
0.13
<.05
0.13
0.07
4
t
Downstream
2/10/2004
NSMDS021004
HKM
Water
2.8
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
1380
<.05
<.05
0.11
<.05
0.06
<.05
<1
^
Dup = SP1
2/10/2004
NSMSP5D021004
HKM
Water
1.4
93500
1980
13.1
39500
644
7270
Blank
2/10/2004
NSMSP5B021004
HKM
Water
0.04
22.9
15.1
0.72
41.2
2.6
7
-
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW { gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 -6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Ports
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cc
Ca
C
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
s
Ag
Na
T
Zn
i
•»
*
=S
t
^
^
$
m
JH
i*
«
1
1
•m
It
IB
(I
1
K
JK
;'^,
<*•
&
SfS
USE
SF.
Vs
Oi
mg
¥«
*s
&L
fe
if
*
*-
m
m
BE
9-
*~
'if-
»,
fL
March 2004 - Target Sampling Results
PorM
3/9/2004
NSMSP1 030904
HKM
Water
13.77
6.13
9.7
781
91.1
6.87
60.5
0.86
88900
348
1.2
38700
688
6310
Port 2
3/9/2004
NSMSP2030904
HKM
Water
2.2
6.54
8.7
781
73.5
0.45
4.1
0.09
91300
102
1.2
37500
127
635
Ports
3/9/2004
NSMSP3030904
HKM
Water
9.5
6.44
9.5
779
87.3
5.11
45.3
0.33
89600
154
1.2
36400
498
5330
Port 4
3/9/2004
JSMSP4030904
HKM
Water
1.3
6.56
9.1
789
88.1
1.18
10.5
0.13
92000
52.4
1.2
37700
187
1040
Upstream
3/9/2004
MSMSPUS030904
HKM
Water
13
5.58
3.8
63
142.6
11.82
89.9
2.4
NR
NR
3.1
NR
NR
899
Downstream
3/9/2004
>1SMSPDS030904
HKM
Water
5.66
3.9
80
128.7
12.32
94.2
2.5
NR
NR
2.9
NR
NR
990
Dup = SP4
3/9/2004
NSMSP5D030904
HKM
Water
0.08
92800
52
1.2
3BOOO
187
1070
Blank
3/9/2004
NSMSP5B030904
HKM
Water
0.05
10
15.1
1.2
41.2
2.6
7
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample*:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
T
Zn
Acidity (mg/1)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/I)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
t" --*"•,-' < _4,~ '*
Zi
u
*
«
«
*K
j£
-5
«
9
m
**
-i
*,
=
--e
T*
*
Hi
ft
»i
*
sS
*
°J3£
rf-1.
*«
s*
&
R?
•J.C
se
*r
at
HB
w
If
r
#
»
*sf
w-
it-
m
f
1
m
W
^
&
_^
March 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
3/9/2004
NSMSP1 030904
HKM
Water
0.83
89700
1750
5.4
38900
684
6390
<10
116
0.08
0.13
0.18
<.05
0.13
0.12
289
<.05
3
*f ~
Port 2
3/9/2004
NSMSP2030904
HKM
Water
0.1
92200
122
1.2
38400
124
1310
<10
132
0.03
0.12
0.8B
1.2
1.1
1
281
1.5
~ .^t-J,
Ports
3/9/2D04
NSMSP3030904
HKM
Water
0.63
87400
1110
3.7
38000
480
5230
<10
118
0.14
0.17
0.22
0.26
0.39
0.32
291
0.67
* <• r
Port 4
3/9/2004
MSMSP4030904
HKM
Water
0.12
92000
64.5
1.2
37900
183
1620
<10
126
0.44
0.17
D.54
1.4
1.6
1.5
2B7
0.87
21
Upstream
3/9/2004
v|SMSPUS030904
HKM
Water
2.4
NR
NR
4.4
NR
NR
8B6
<.05
0.1
0.18
<.05
0.14
0.14
2
Downstream
3/9/2004
NSMSPDS030904
HKM
Water
2.4
NR
MR
5.4
NR
NR
960
0.06
0.37
0.17
<.05
0.1
0.09
5
Dup=SP4
3/9/2004
NSMSP5D030904
HKM
Water
0.12
92700
81
1.2
38100
184
1640
42
Blank
3/9/2004
NSMSP5B030904
HKM
Water
0.1
13.9
15.1
1.2
41.2
2.6
7
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Ports
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (pS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/I)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
I
m
*»
>**
jf.
1
s;
•*:
tr
*
•&
¥•
•fl
*
S
i
*
^t
^
„_
^
_^
^
~£
*
L,
^
_;,
fP
^
a.
~jS
&
m
f.
•5
^
~
•3
s-
"^
^
—
April 1, 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Port!
4/1/2004
NSMSP1040104
HKM
Water
15.18
-
6.35
9.8
768
71.8
6.52
57.7
0.59
95000
192
1.2
40900
639
7010
Port 2
4/1/2004
NSMSP2040104
HKM
Water
1.33
6.36
9.1
761
90.1
1.32
11.6
0.05
99BOO
164
1.2
41200
171
524
Ports
4/1/2004
NSMSP3040104
HKM
Water
11.3
S.28
9.6
762
80.1
5.42
47.6
0.26
95600
96
1.2
40400
502
6070
Port 4
4/1/2004
NSMSP3040104
HKM
Water
2.56
6.21
9.4
772
100.5
0.43
3.8
0.05
97300
59.5
1.2
40400
191
1310
Upstream
4/1/2004
JSMSPUS04010.S
HKM
Water
15.19
4.82
4.8
44
172.5
11.58
90
1.8
NR
NR
2.4
NR
NR
738
Downstream
4/1/2004
NSMSPDS0040104
HKM
Water
4.58
4.8
54
170.2
11.65
91
1.9
NR
NR
2.7
NR
NR
850
Dup = SP4
4/1/2004
NSMSP5D040104
HKM
Water
0.24
101
101
1.2
41300
515
6240
Blank
4/1/2004
NSM5P5B040104
HKM
Water
0.05
15.1
15.1
1.2
41.2
2.6
7
|
:£
»*
i»
•*
ft
E
•f,
-*
-*
«?-
>i
1
ft
1
a^
i
i
Is
:-fe
«
ft-
Ui?i
3;=
afc
^
S
ie
s^J
ffi.fi
33
m
SB
SB
L*a
^
^
!^5
a
m
ti:~
m
m
«;
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Total Metals (uq/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/1)
Alkalinity ( mg/I)
Ammonia (mg/I)
Chloride (mg/I)
Fluoride (mg/I)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/I)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/I)
Total Phosphorus (mg/I)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/I)
Sulfate (mg/I)
Sulfide fma/n
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flurt
<- „ -- '•• *"••
:
i
3
t
»
, April 1, 2004 - Target Sampling Results
r
Port!
4/1/2004
I NSMSP1040104
! HKM
t Water
5
1
t
•i.
••
% 0.63
J 96500
*
« 1390
* 2.5
I 40900
% 654
— "
if\
m
~
-M
3, 7180
(S <10
« 112
ft 0.08
~&
m
8 0.07
«l. 0.06
fc <.05
B 0.23
A 0.08
« 291
• <.05
it <1
^
|g ^ - —
Port 2
4/1/2004
^SMSP2040104
HKM
Water
o.os
101000
167
1.2
41200
172
1300
<10
122
0.93
<.05
1.1
1.3
2.2
2.1
274
1.9
^ *
Ports
4/1/2004
ilSMSP3040104
HKM
Water
0.5
95200
1010
1.8
40500
497
6090
<10
114
0.08
<.05
0.2
0.24
0.49
0.45
289
<.5
r'*. *
Port 4
4/1/2004
MSMSP3040104
HKM
Water
0.06
101000
70.8
1.2
41100
196
1920
<10
120
0.47
0.11
0.54
1.4
2.4
2.3
281
0.93
15
»
Upstream
4/1/2004
SMSPUS04010'
HKM
Water
2
NR
NR
6.7
NR
NR
782
<.05
<.05 •
0.08
0.05
0.71
0.2
<1
Downstream
4/1/2004
v|SMSPDS0040104
HKM
Water
2.1
NR
NR
4.6
NR
NR
876
0.05
<.05
<.05
0.62
0.15
17
Dup-SP4
4/1/2004
NSMSP5D040104
HKM
Water
0.48
97800
1040
1.8
40900
515
6310
-
Blank
4/1/2004
NSMSP5B040104
HKM
Water
0.05
13.9
15.1
1^2 '
41.2
2.6
1 *
|
is.
•SB
«
(.
4
«
=K
^:
^.
i
-a
JSI
K",
3i!
^
-~l
«!
ife
KS
riM?
m
ai
Sifti
•s
™
;«,
>fft*
m
SW'4
$&
as
:MS"
m
m
VA
Wi
m
m
m
•J&
m
rJfei
m
at
m
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 -6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port2
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A!
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
April 29, 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
4/29/2004
NSMSP1042904
18
5.74
10.0
1012
54.3
6.38
56.7
0.41
96400
344
0.54
41300
605
7110
Port 2
4/29/2004
NSMSP2042904
6
5.31
9.8
1017
54.1
2.68
23.7
0.06
95600
12.2
0.54
40600
232
3920
PortS
4/29/2004
NSMSP3042904
10
5.26
9.8
1023
62.6
2.96
26.3
0.06
97100
48.9
0.54
41600
353
4810
Port 4
4/29/2004
NSMSP4042904
1.8
5.46
9.8
1027
56.6
2.12
19
0.06
99000
138
0.54
41400
250
1590
Upstream
4/29/2004
NSMSPUS042904
17.8
4.46
5.9
46
119.7
11.86
95.7
O.B7
NR
NR
1.7
NR
NR
379
Downstream
4/29/2004
NSMSPDS042904
4.12
5.8
61
122.1
11.69
93.4
0.92
NR
NR
1.6
NR
NR
453
Dup = SP2
4/29/2004
NSMSP5D042904
0.06
95600
39.5
0.54
41200
330
4540
Blank
4/29/2004
NSMSP6B042904
0.06
38.3
12.2
0.54
43.3
2.3
9.5
1
«
it
m
ft
iei
ftp
%£.
j«te
m
m
m
w
8
sa,
lii
tt
m
SSti
iti
m
m
HE
ym
m
m
tea
m
&e
m
«
m
m
m
SB
m
m
•
«
m
~$3t-
m
IS
m
m.
m
m
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/I)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/I)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
, -" - ^ -"•-
April 29, 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
4/29/2004
NSMSP1 042904
0.61
95500
1360
2.4
41300
601
7090
<10
114
0.21
<.05
0.35
<.05
0.16
>.05
317
<.05
6
^ ; JT*
Port 2
4/29/2004
NSMSP2042904
0.06
96400
12.2
1.2
40700
287
4050
<10
116
0.24
0.14
0.28
0.6
0.77
0.75
330
0.59
- T-l ,™f-
PortS
4/29/2004
NSMSP3042904
0.14
95700
220
1.3
41000
342
4620
<10
114
0.18
0.1
0.32
0.42
0.57
0.56
325
<.5
^ ^ •» \ *^
Port 4
4/29/2004
NSMSP4042904
0.06
101000
1B7
1.3
41400
255
1970
<10
120
0.6
0.09
0.81
1.4
1.5
1.3
321
<.5
<1
F. ^i. ^
Upstream
4/29/2004
NSMSPUS042904
1.1
NR
NR
3.2
NR
NR
387
0.12
0.1
0.15
<.05
<.05
<.05
13
-
Downstream
4/29/2004
NSMSPDS042904
1.1
NR
NR
2.9
NR
NR
472
0.13
1.3
0.5
<.05
0.08
<.05
26
Dup = SP2
4/29/2004
NSMSP5D042904
0.06
97800
12.2
1
41200
290
4050
-~ ^ '
Blank
4/29/2004
NSMSP6B042904
0.06
24.3
12.2
1.2
43.3
2.3
10.2
"
1
"US
=*
&
*
SS
JSSS
*»
r*m
•<&
*B
fa*
iifil
-SSS
Hat
St
fit*.
iSW
?r~i
4B
m
ssis
BBS
s*s
m
m
SiJB
«sc
i*fe
mit
ma
s»
&
ma
MS
m
•Bit
'&&.
SB
sa
S
s*
«
ii
ft
iffi
S^E
w
Hi
«ii
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Ports
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (pS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cc
Ca
C
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
May 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
5/25/2004
NSMSP1 052504
20.5
5.83
10.0
83
14.4
6.47
57.6
0.48
85400
274
0.74
38200
502
7030
Port 2
5/25/2004
NSMSP2052504
12
5.77
9.9
83
11.3
3.06
27.1
0.1
93400
38.2
0.74
41200
178
4980
Port3
5/25/2004
MSMSP3052504
7.5
5.76
9.9
83
3.1
5.36
47.4
0.19
94200
95.6
0.74
41900
261
5590
Port 4
5/25/2004
>JSMSP4052504
0.9
6.29
10.1
84
-40
1.82
17.2
0.05
96800
158
0.74
41400
169
883
Upstream
5/25/2004
>ISMSPUS052504
20.4
5.34
7.1
4
-14.6
12.3
98.3
1.4
NR
NR
1.3
NR
NR
575
Downstream
5/25/2004
JSMSPDS052504
5.68
7.2
4
173.5
11.65
96.6
1.5
NR
NR
1.8
NR
NR
601
Dup=SP1
5/25/2004
NSMSP5D052504
0.48
85400
274
0.74
38200
502
7030
Blank
5/25/2004
NSMSP6B052504
0.05
13.8
12.2
0.74
43.3
2.3
8
i
iSB
3k
SY;
m
-»s
Sm
yi>:
-6,5
Sin
m
1
m
&
|£3
I
HI*
iS
5SBI
SB
ats
m
m
fsm
tm
Jm
ma
m
(Sis
r»
a*
m
a?
SH:
as*
its
s&
sd
SI
m
Hi
s&
ti
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
SarhpleS:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (uq/L.)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
"--=<- ' •""- •" _- ,-•»-=.-
May 2004 -Target Sampling Results
Portl
5/25/2004
NSMSP1 052504
0.46
94600
1290
2.4
41000
555
7030
,10
113
0.12
<.05
<.1
0.52
0.44
0.25
319
•=.5
4
^
Port 2
5/25/2004
•1SMSP2052504
0.06
98400
20.7
0.54
41600
148
4980
<10
113
0.14
0.3
0.31
0.48
0.45
0.4
330
<.5
<± --
PortS
5/25/2004
VISMSP3052504
0.17
97700
5B1
0.54
41800
263
5590
<10
116
0.11
0.17
0.36
0.4
0.33
0.31
324
<.5
-- "-*~.rj
Port 4
5/25/2004
v|SMSP4052504
0.06
103000
207
0.54
41500
177
883
<10
125
1.1
0.3
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.3
316
1.5
1
:~ ,
Upstream
5/25/2004
•ISMSPUS052504
1.4
NR
NR
3.9
NR
NR
575
<.05
<.05
0.28
<.05
<.05
<.05
64
v»
Downstream
5/25/2004
NSMSPDS052504
1.5
NR
NR
4.5
NR
NR
601
0.06
<.05
0.15
<.05
<.05
<.05
40
-- „
Dup=SP1
5/25/2004
NSMSP5D052504
0.46
94600
1290
2.4
41000
555
7030
> -
Blank
5/25/2004
NSMSP6B052504
0.06
10.6
12.2
0.54
43.3
2.3
8
5
se-
-
?•
&~-
_
.*,
^$
i=
_,
—
*
-
^
ss
•t
^r.
^
*
r
„
»
"^3»
"^
f
^
S4"
&
#
**
f^
l£~
•te-
rn
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 -6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Ports
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%)
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cc
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
June 2004 -Target Sampling Results
Port!
6/22/2004
NSMSP1 062204
7.3
6.83
10.1
833
101.3
s.as
52
0.52
92100
310
0.54
42000
603
7320
Port 2
6/22/2004
NSMSP2062204
3.7
6.69
10.2
836
131.7
0.46
4.3
0.06
91900
19.2
0.54
41700
79
3090
Port3
6/22/2004
•1SMSP3062204
3
6.66
10.2
835
-20.7
0.19
1.7
0.06
93500
94.7
0.54
42800
91.5
2500
Port 4
6/22/2004
»ISMSP4062204
1.2
6.77
10.3
637
-173.4
0.21
1.9
0.06
91500
326
0.54
41900
175
13.5
Upstream
6/22/2004
•ISMSPUS062204
7.9
6.47
10.8
44
157.7
8.67
78.3
1.5
NR
NR
1.5
NR
NR
496
Downstream
6/22/2004
>1SMSPDS062204
6.49
10.6
60
178.2
8.74
78.3
1.5
NR
NR
1.7
NR
NR
614
Dup=SP4
6/22/2004
NSMSP4D062204
6.75
10.4
838
-173.4
0.2
2
0.06
91100
326
0.54
42300
177
11.4
Blank
6/22/2004
NSMSP6B062204
0.06
55.8
12.2
0.54
43.3
2.3
8
--
-
-
,
~-
-
-
_
••
-
-
- -
,,
.,
;
-
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample*:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (uq/L)
AI
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Conform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
^ ^ ^.™ — — **- ^
June 2004 -Target Sampling Results
Portl
6/22/2004
NSMSP1 062204
0.52
91700
1250
1.9
42600
608
7270
<10
113
<.05
0.48
0.13
<.05
<.05
<.05
344
<.05
<1
- _
Port 2
6/22/2004
NSMSP2062204
0.06
94500
21
0.54
43400
80.6
3200
<10
117
0.71
0.11
0.8
0.94
0.89
0.88
337
<.05
~~ _- 1_£ - "
Ports
B/22/2004
NSMSP3062204
0.06
94400
103
0.54
42000
94.2
2500
<10
123
0.79
0.05
0.92
1
1.3
1.3
337
c.5
^ "^ ^ ' -
Port 4
6/22/2004
MSMSP4062204
0.06
90200
321
0.54
42500
165
195
<10
144
2.4
0.05
2.5
2.5
1.1
0.95
318
2.5
3
* „-
Upstream
6/22/2004
MSMSPUS062204
1.5
NR
NR
2.7
NR
NR
529
0.05
<.05
0.14
<.05
<.05
<.05
1
L
Downstream
6/22/2004
NSMSPDS062204
1.5
NR
NR
3.2
NR
NR
625
0.05
<.05
0.1 B
<.05
<.05
<.05
2
^ ?
Dup=SP4
6/22/2004
NSMSP4D062204
0.06
90000
348
0.54
41900
174
191
_. - ^'~
Blank
6/22/2004
NSMSP6B062204
0.06
8.2
12.2
0.54
43.3
2.3
8
-
"
'
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
i
„
'
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (gpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis
PH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (uS/cm):
Orp/Eh (mv):
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%'
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
A
Sb
As
Be
Cc
Ca
C
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
N
K
Se
S
Ag
Na
T
Zn
July 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
7/26/2004
NSMSP1072604
5.1
6.76
10.1
829
54.1
7.4
0.52
97800
738
1.2
43200
602
7490
Port 2
7/26/2004
NSMSP2072604
3.5
6.66
10.6
833
52.7
0.17
0.03
100000
90.4
1.2
43201
89.9
3030
PortS
7/26/2004
vlSMSP3072604
1.33
6.67
10.6
833
-44
0.19
0.03
101001
343
1.2
43500
11(
2560
Port 4
7/26/2004
•JSMSP4072604
0.74
6.72
11.4
833
-117.5
0.24
0.05
10000C
233
1.2
42900
16!
41.'
Upstream
7/26/2004
>ISMSPUS072604
5.5
6.83
13.1
49
58.6
10.39
1.7
NR
NR
2.8
NR
NR
54<
Downstream
7/26/2004
MSMSPDS072604
6.2
12.7
69
138
10.75
1.7
MR
NR
2.8
NR
[MR
680
Dup=SP1
7/26/2004
NSMSP5D072604
6.82
10.1
830
52
7.62
0.52
98800
747
1.2
43700
608
7570
Blank
7/26/2004
NSMSP6B072604
0.03
21.2
10.3
1.2
52.7
2.2
9.6
•
,
_'
-
~
-------
MWTP Activity III, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
Laboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/L)
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/l)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/I)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/l)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
- - a ,, —Vi ' ••• ~ ~~
July 2004 - Target Sampling Results
Portl
7/26/2004
NSMSP1 072604
0.61
98900
1330
2
43500
610
7610
<10
118
0.12
<.05
0.2
0.08
<.05
<.05
349
<.05
140
>„ - -"=£'
Port 2
7/26/2004
NSMSP2072604
0.03
103000
97.9
1.2
43900
93.4
3190
<10
125
0.89
<.OS
1.1
1
1.1
1
342
<.OS
*—"'- " *f '
Ports
7/26/2004
NSMSP3072604
0.03
104000
339
1.2
44300
109
2720
<10
124
1
<.05
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
344
<.05
\ff '- 1 3
Port 4
7/26/2004
VISMSP4072604
0.03
101000
244
1.2
43600
170
19.1
<10
154
3.5
<.05
5.1
3.1
2.3
2.7
313
8.2
TNTC
Upstream
7/26/2004
NSMSPUS072604
1.3
NR
NR
3.7
NR
NR
552
0.45
<.OS
0.39
0.07
<.05
<.05
TNTC
,-,' - „
Downstream
7/26/2004
NSMSPDS072604
1.9
NR
NR
4.4
NR
NR
706
0.14
<.05
0.21
<.05
<.05
<.05
TNTC
- -
Dup=SP1
7/26/2004
NSMSP5D072604
0.59
99400
99400
1.9
44000
611
7620
J ->
Blank
7/26/2004
NSMSP6B072604
0.03
16.1
16.1
1.2
52.7
2.2
9.6
_ •* *
-,
-
'
_-
^
-
-
~
-
-
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 PEG. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
^ FLUME FLOW gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Type:
INFLUENT FLOW AT TANK #1 - 6 IN. TEE
(gpm)
FLOW (apm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 2
FLOW (qpm) AT 1 0 IN. TEE at Sample Port 3
FLOW (gpm) AT 10 IN. TEE at Sample Port 4
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOW FROM TANKS #2,
#3, #4 (gpm)
Field Analysis' : :. :' > - :: :
pH:
Temperature (°C):
Conductivity (pS/cm)
Orp/Eh (mv)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l):
DO (%
Laboratory Analysis:
Dissolved Metals (ug/l)
Sb
A
B
Cd
C
C
C
F
P
M
M
H
N
A
N_
Portn
8/17/2004 _
SMSP1081704
7.1
6.55
10.1
822
88.5
6.85
61.3
26.4
1.7
1.
0.0
0.4
10300
9.
1.
49
1.
0.0
17.
0.7
778
781
BOO
Port 2
8/17/2004
SMSP2081704
4.14
10.5
| 826
| 43.6
0.13
1.:
26.4
3.4
0.77
0.0
o.o:
10500
9.
1.
30.
1.
0.0
i 21.3
H 592
0.7
765
767
37C
Port3
8/17/2004 I
2.56
10.6
830
54.7
26.4
3.6
0.95
0.0
o. ::
I 105000
9
i7
10
1.
iF
0.0
59
0 7
77E
Tie"
440
August 200'
Port 4
8/17/2004
0.74
11.7
B25
-156.6
0.24
2.3
26.4
0.66
0.0
0.0
10500
9.
1.
16
iF
O.J
19.
60
0.7
779
792
9
- Baseline Sar
Upstream
8/17/2004
7.4
13.;
178.8
9.44
90.2
2.1
60
pling Results
8/17/2004
13.'
81
167.2
9.53
90.6
1.8
ao
Dup=SP4
8/17/2004
26.4
1.7
0.66
0.06
0.0
10600
9.
1.
15
1.
iF
0.0
17.
60
0.7
732
795
9
Blank
8/17/2004
SMSP6B081704
26.4
0.66
0.06
0.03
38.3
9.
1.7
10.
1.
0.0
17.
16.
0.7
11.
6.52
10.6
-------
MWTP Activity 111, Project 39
Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Nevada Stewart Mine Field
Sampling Results
FLOW ANALYSIS AT NS ADIT
60 DEC. TRAP. FLUME READING (FT)
FLUME FLOW ( gpm)
Sampling Month
Sample Location
Sample Date:
Sample #:
-aboratory:
Sample Matrix:
Sample Type:
Total Metals (ug/LJ
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
Acidity (mg/1)
Alkalinity ( mg/l)
Ammonia (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
Nitrate/Nitrite-N
Nitorgen Kjeldahl (mg/l)
Dis Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Total Phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Phosphorus (mg/l)
Sulfate (mg/I)
Sulfide (mg/I)
Total Coliform Bacteria, cnt/100ml
Fecal Coliform, Absent/Present
** Coliform sample location at Port 1 not a Flun
— ^ T*" ^ ~ ^ - < ~ *~
August 2004 - Baseline Sampling Results
Portl
8/17/2004
NSMSP1081704
26.8
1.7
1.5
0.08
0.52
101000
9.9
1.6
1310
1.2
44300
596
0.09
32.8
585
0.77
7650
2.6
7760
7840
10
118
0.05
5
0.5
0.05
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.05
349
0.5
4
-
Port 2
8/17/2004
NSMSP2081704
31.6
1.7
1.2
0.06
0.03
103000
9.9
1.6
44.2
1.2
43800
69.8
0.09
22.5
578
0.77
7460
3.3
7610
3790
10
126
0.44
5
0.5
0.28
0.52
0.86
0.96
0.9
351
0.95
Ports
8/17/2004
NSMSP3081704
26.4
1.7
1.1
0.06
0.1
102000
9.9
1.6
263
1.2
43500
175
0.09
17.5
567
0.77
7470
2.3
7600
4270
10
127
0.44
5
0.5
0.1
0.48
0.64
1
0.74
349
0.59
TNTC = To Numerous To Count
, ' - <* " "^rf -;%C
Port 4
8/17/2004
N5MSP408170'
26.5
1.7
0.71
0.06
0.03
102000
9.9
1.6
192
1.2
43300
151
0.09
17.5
582
0.77
7570
2.3
7700
17.4
10
149
2.9
5
0.5
1.7
1.7
2.9
4.9
4.4
315
8.6
1
It -£T.A_-^
Upstream
8/17/2004
NSMSPUS031704
2.1
4.3
581
0.11
0..11
0.16
0.05
0.05
0.05
TNTC
^ -r •* ^
Downstream
B/17/2004
NSMSPDS081704
2.7
4.4
795
0.05
0.05
0.14
0.05
0.05
0.05
TNTC
^
Dup=SP4
8/17/2004
NSMSP5D081704
26.4
1.7
0.99
0.06
0.03
103000
9.9
1.6
201
1.2
43700
153
0.09
17.5
579
0.77
7620
2.3
7760
10.9
-
Blank
8/17/2004
NSMSP6B081704
26.4
1.7
0.91
0.06
0.03
33.1
9.9
2.3
16.2
1.2
52.7
2.2
0.09
17.5
16.8
0.77
5520
2.3
7.4
9.6
1
SPA
8/17/2004
NSMSPA081704
1530
564
7530
18
. -,
~"
,-
-„
,
-
-
f
-.
-------
Appendix B
EPA Toxicity Testing Reports
-------
Toxicity Test Report
Date: August 12, 2003
From: Mark Smith, SoBran Work Assignment Leader, WA 2-06
To: Jim Lazorchak, EPA Work Assignment Manager
Project: Nevada-Stewart, ID Mine Site Treatment Evaluation Toxicity Tests
Introduction
Water samples from the Nevada-Stewart mine site in Idaho were shipped to SoBran at
the U.S. EPA Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. A series of acute aquatic toxicity tests with
Pimephales promelas, the fathead minnow, and Ceriodaphnia dubia, a freshwater invertebrate,
were conducted with these samples. The purpose of these tests was to establish the level of
toxicity for the discharge from the mine site and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment
process currently being used at this site.
Definitions
Acute toxicity test: A test method that uses a short exposure period (i.e. 48 hours) to determine
the lethal effects of an effluent or receiving water to a selected test organism.
Definitive test: A test that uses a series of effluent or receiving water dilutions to determine the
level of acute or short-term chronic toxicity a sample exhibits to a selected test animal.
Profile sample: A sample that is tested using only the 100% (undiluted) test sample.
No Observed Acute Effect Level (NOAEL): That concentration or percent sample in an aciite
test where the survival of the test animals is determined to not be statistically different from the
survival of the control animals. If survival in the lowest test concentration is determined to be
statistically different from the control, the data are evaluated to see if the survival in the lowest
test concentration is greater than 40%. If it is, the assumption is made that the next dilution in
the series would have survival not different from that of the control and this estimated data point
is used as the NOAEL.
Fifty Percent Lethal Concentration (LC)50: The estimated concentration of a compound, effluent
or receiving water that would cause 50% mortality to the test animals.
Methods
Samples were collected on Tuesday 7/29/03 in one gallon plastic bottles. At least 4L of
sample was collected from the mine discharge (SP-1) or the three steps in the treatment process
discharge (SP-2, SP-3, SP-4). The sample containers were completely filled, so that no air space
was left after they were capped. The samples were placed into a cooler with ice and shipped
overnight to the EPA facility in Cincinnati. All coolers were received in good condition with all
seals intact, and all samples were in acceptable condition. A total of four water samples were
received.
-------
Routine initial chemical parameters (Table 1) were determined and toxicity tests were
started on arrival of the samples. The tests with P. promelas and C. dubia were 48-hr, renewed,
acute tests, conducted at 20 C. Each sample was analyzed using both species.
All tests were conducted using moderately hard reconstituted water as the control and
dilution water. Test conditions for C. dubia, and P. promelas are contained in Tables 2, and 3,
respectively. Tables 4 and 5 contain the summary data and statistical analysis results for the
toxicity tests. Tables 6, 7 and 8 contain summaries of all routine initial and final chemistries.
All LC50 values were detemiined using the US EPA statistical analysis disk and the
Trimmed Spearman-Karber program, version 1.5, which adjusts for control mortality. The
Survival No Observed Acute Effect Level (NOAEL) was determined using the USEPA statistical
analysis disk and the Dunnett's program, version 1.5.
Results and Discussion
The results from the tests indicate that the treatment system being used to remediate the
waste from this mine site is working. The mine discharge sample is SP-1. The LC50 values for
this site were 2.21% for C. dubia and 26.39% for P. promleas. The first segment of the
treatment system was SP-2, with LC50 values of 4.07% for C. dubia and 70.71% for P.
promelas. The second stage in the treatment system was SP-3, with an LC50 value of 5.83% for
C. dubia. Survival of the P. promelas in SP-3 was 90% in the 100% non-diluted sample. The P.
promelas survival in SP-3 was detemiined to not be statistically different from the control. For
sample SP-4, the treatment system discharge, survival in the 100% non-diluted sample was 95%
for the C. dubia and 100% for the P. promelas. Again, the survival of the animals exposed in
SP-4 was detemiined to not be statistically different from the control. The toxicity results for
the C. dubia tests are found in Table 4. The toxicity results for the P. promelas are found in
Table 5.
In summary, by the time the mine discharge passed through the treatment system, the
NOAEL for the C. dubia increased from 1.56% in sample SP-1 to >100% in sample SP-4, Table
4. For the P. promelas, the NOAEL increased from 12.5% in SP-1 to >100% in SP-4. The
LC50 value for C. dubia increased from 2.21% in SP-1 to >100% in SP-4 and the LC50 value
for P. promelas increased from 26.39% in SP-1 to >100% in SP-4. The results from the toxicity
tests with C. dubia and P. promelas show that the survival of the animals is improved in the
treated samples, especially the SP-4 treatment system discharge, when compared to the mine
discharge sample.
A set of C. dubia and P. promelas acute reference toxicity tests were also conducted, with
zinc being used as the reference toxicant material. The C. dubia LC50 for zinc was 123.3 fj.g/1.
This is in the range of the historical data for this reference toxicant, where the mean for all tests
is 193.4 Aig/1, with a range of 103 (-2 SD) to 284 (+2 SD). The P. promelas LC50 for zinc was
760.6 //g/1. This is in the range of the historical data for this reference toxicant, where the mean
for all tests is 722.2 /^g/1, with a range of 208 (-2 SD) to 1236 (+2 SD).
-------
TABLE 1. Arrival Chemistries
Sample
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
MHRW
Temp
(°C)
8.2
7.5
7.6
8.0
23.5
PH
(S.U.)
6.85
6.91
6.95
7.14
7.95
Alkal.
(ppm)
118
120
122
116
60
Hard.
(ppm)
600
720
550
600
96
Cond.
(/-iS/cm)
804
809
806
822
344
D.O.
(ppm)
6.3
4.0
4.9
2.0
8.4
-------
TABLE 2. Standard Test Conditions for Ceriodaphnia dubia acute toxicity tests with
Superfund and/or Mine Waste samples.
TEST CRITERIA
Test Type
Test Duration
Temperature
Photoperiod
Test Chamber Size
Test Solution Volume
Renewal of Test solution
Age of Test Organisms
Number of Organisms/
per test chamber
Number of Replicate
Chambers/Cone.
Number of Organisms/
Concentration
Feeding
Dilution Water
Endpoint
Test Acceptability
15ml
SPECIFICATIONS
Static-renewal
48 hr
20°C± 1°C
16 hr light/8 hr dark
30 ml (plastic cups)
Daily
Less than 24-hr-old
20
none, fed while holding prior
to test setup
Moderately Hard Reconstituted
Water
Mortality, LC50
> 90% survival in the controls
-------
TABLE 3. Standard Test Conditions for Pimephales promelets acute toxicity tests with
Superfund and/or Mine Waste samples.
TEST CRITERIA
Test Type
Test Duration
Temperature
Photoperiod
Test Chamber Size
Test Solution Volume
Renewal of Test-
solution
Age of Test Organisms
Number of Organisms/
per test chamber
Number of Replicate-
Chanibers/Conc.
Number of Organisms/
Concentration
Feeding
Dilution Water
Endpoint
Test Acceptability
150ml
SPECIFICATIONS
Static-renewal
48 hr
20°C + 1°C
16 hr light/8 hr dark
175 ml (plastic cups)
Daily
5 days ± 24 hr age range
10
20
Feed newly hatched brine shrimp prior to
testing. Do not feed during the test.
Moderately Hard Reconstituted Water
Mortality, LC50
^90% survival in the controls
-------
TABLE 4. Results from toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia.
Sample
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
Zinc
Reference
Toxicant
Cone. (%)
cont
0.39%
0.78%
1.56%
3.125%
6.25%
cont
0.78%
1.56%
3.125%
6.25%
12.5%
cont
1.56%
3.125%
6.25%
12.5%
25%
cont
100%
cont
31.25ug/l
62.5 ug/1
125 ug/1
250 ug/1
500 ug/1
Survival
20/20
18/20
16/20
14/20
6/20
0/20
19/20
17/20
15/20
11/20
9/20
0/20
20/20
18/20
15/20
7/20
5/20
0/20
19/20
19/20
20/20
20/20
19/20
10/20
0/20
1/20
LC50 (%)
2.21
4.07
5.83
>100%
123.3 ug/1
Limits
1.72-2.84
2.95-5.61
4.39-7.75
N/A
103.4-
147.1
NOAEL (%)
1.56
0.78
1.56
>100%
62.5 ug/1
MSD %
31.93
12.53
18.97
N/A
8.35
-------
TABLE 5. Results from toxicity tests with Pimephalespromelas.
Sample
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
Zinc
Reference
Toxicant
Cone. (%)
cont
3.125%
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
cont
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
cont
100%
cont
100%
cont
125 ug/1
250 ug/1
500 ug/1
1000 ug/1
2000 ug/1
Survival
19/20
18/20
18/20
20/20
10/20
2/20
20/20
19/20
16/20
15/20
13/20
7/20
20/20
18/20
18/20
20/20
19/20
19/20
15/20
14/20
11/20
0/20
LC50 (%)
26.39
70.71
>100%
>100%
760.6 ug/1
Limits
21.41-
32.54
49.90-
100.19
N/A'
N/A
597.8-
967.8
NOAEL (%)
12.5
100
>100%
>100%
250 ug/1
MSD %
32.94
33.49
N/A
N/A
21.07
-------
TABLE 6. Initial routine chemistries for C. dubia, and P. promelas tests.
sxs
Cont.
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
Cone.
(%)
0
0.39
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
pli
Ohr
8.62
7.73
7.74
7.70
7.83
8.07
7.73
7.71
7.48
7.93
7.93
7.93
7.92
8.39
8.29
7.51
7.19
7.97
7.95
8.36
8.17
7.18
7.00
7.03
(SU)
24 hr
8.14
7.89
7.49
7.70
7.53
7.99
7.82
7.69
7.50
7.83
7.'81
7.82
7.87
7.85
7.56
7.51
7.13
8.07
8.04
7.77
7.74
7.25
7.18
7.08
D.O.
Ohr
8.3
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.3
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.6
8.4
8.1
7.8
7.7
7.7
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.0
8.0
(ppm)
24 hr
8.2
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.4
7.9
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.2
8.2
7.9
8.2
8.5
8.5
8.0
8.1
7.9
8.1
8.1
Cond.
Ohr
311
314
321
328
316
347
382
444
553
316
320
328
345
378
441
563
793
320
328
345
383
438
561
788
(MS)
24 hr
312
317
319
322
330
347
379
443
555
320
320
331
342
382
446
449
793
324
331
347
385
448
547
767
Temp.
Ohr
20.6
20.3
20.2
20.2
20.1
20.9
20.8
21.1
21.1
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.8
21.1
21.0
20.9
20.7
20.0
20.1
19.9
20.9
21.1
21.0
21.1
(°Q
24 hr
20.2
20.1
20.2
20.2
20.1
21.0
21.1
20.9
20.9
20.7
20.8
20.8
20.8
21.0
20.8
21.0
21.0
20.8
20.8
20.8
21.0
20.8
20.9
21.0
-------
TABLE 6. Initial routine chemistries for C. dubia, and P. promelas tests, (cont'd)
sxs
SP-4
Zinc
Ref
Tox
ug/1
Cone.
(%)
100%
31.25
62.5
125
250
500
1000
2000
pH
Ohr
7.81
8.50
8.48
8.57
8.40
8.37
8.30
8.22
(SU)
24 hr
7.52
8.58
8.23
8.20
8.17
8.12
8.25
8.00
D.O.
Ohr
7.9
8.3
8.2
8.3
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.4
(ppm)
24 hr
7.5
8.1
8.3
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.1
8.3
Cond.
Ohr
806
312
311
312
312
313
316
316
(MS)
24 hr
805
313
312
312
312
312
312
315
Temp.
Ohr
20.9
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.3
21.2
21.0
20.6
(°C)
24 hr
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.1
21.1
21.0
21.0
20.9
-------
TABLE 7. Final routine chemistries from C. dubia tests.
sxs
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
Zinc
Ref
Tox
ug/1
Cone.
(%)
cont
0.39
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
cont
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
cont
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
cont
100
cont
31.25
62.5
125
250
500
pli
24 hr
7.82
7.87
7.80
7.81
7.79
8.04
8.27
7.92
7.92
7.92
8.21
8.19
8.20
8.22
8.19
8.31
8.41
8.08
8.06
7.94
7.81
7.79
7.84
7.72
7.76
7.70
(SU)
48 hr
7.89
7.73
7.83
7.86
7.71
8.20
8.00
7.80
7.86
7.89
7.97
7.96
8.10
8.03
8.00
8.08
8.05
8.02
8.17
7.97
7.49
7.77
7.86
7.91
7.93
7.95
D.O.
24 hr
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.6
8.2
8.2
8.2
7.7
7.6
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.1
8.1
7.7
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
(ppm)
48 hr
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.8
8.0
8.1
8.3
8.2
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.7
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.1
8.2
Cond.
24 hr
317
320
323
326
334
352
318
320
324
333
340
379
315
327
335
352
383
438
312
112
314
318
315
317
317
319
fcS)
48 hr
317
317
320
323
332
347
317
320
320
332
348
372
316
325
332
351
384
445
314
796
315
312
313
313
317
313
Temp.
24 hr
20.9
20.4
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.2
20.9
20.4
20.4
20.3
20.9
20.7
20.4
20.1
20.1
20.2
20.0
20.0
21.0
19.8
20.3
20.2
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
(°C)
48 hr
20.6
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.0
20.0
20.7
20.7
20.8
20.0
20.0
20.1
20.2
20.2
20.0
19.8
19.8
20.1
19.7
20.3
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
-------
TABLE 8. Final routine chemistries from P. promelas toxicity tests.
sxs
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
Zinc
Ref
Tox
ug/1
Cone.
(%)
cont
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
100
cont
100
cont
125
250
500
1000
2000
pH
24 hr
7.79
7.77
7.75
7.85
7.81
7.67
8.01
7.77
7.75
7.36
7.31
7.23
7.83
7.56
8.04
7.67
8.03
7.99
7.94
7.91
7.74
7.75
(SU)
48 hr
8.21
8.14
8.04
7.96
7.84
7.71
7.97
7.81
7.78
7.42
7.36
7.30
8.03
7.76
7.97
7.79
8.19
8.15
8.10
8.07
8.02
7.94
D.O.
24 hr
8.2
8.1
7.9
7.6
7.8
8.1
7.7
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.6
8.1
7.9
7.8 .
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.7
8.0
(ppm)
48 hr
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.5
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.8
8.4
8.2
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.1
8.3
Cond.
24 hr
312
334
350
385
448
556
317
358
378
452
560
804
319
786
308
801
315
315
305
318
321
315
OS)
48 hr
313
333
348
378
442
553
316
351
381
447
561
793
314
778
315
802
313
313
315
314
314
316
Temp.
24 hr
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.7
20.4
20.2
20.1
20.3
20.2
19.9
20.0
20.2
20.3
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.4
20.3
20.3
(°C)
48 hr
20.7
20.3
20.1
20.0
19.9
19.8
20.2
20.1
20.0
19.8
19.7
19.7
20.6
20.4
21.0
19.8
21.0
20.5
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
-------
6
Test-
u ~
do
Toxicity Test Report
Date: October 22, 2004
From: Mark Smith, SoBran Work Assignment Leader, WA 306 (Task 3-A6)
Herman Hating, SoBran Aquatic Biologist, WA 306 (Task 3-A6)
To: Jim Lazorchak, EPA Work Assignment Manager
Project: Nevada-Stewart, ID Mine Site Treatment Evaluation Toxicity Tests
Introduction
Water samples from the Nevada-Stewart mine site in Idaho were shipped to SoBran at the
U.S. EPA Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. A series of acute aquatic toxicity tests with
Pimephales promelas, the fathead minnow, and Ceriodaphnia dubia, a freshwater invertebrate,
' were conducted with these samples. The purpose of these tests was to establish the level of
toxicity for the discharge from the mine site and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment
process currently being used at this site.
Definitions
Acute toxicity test: A test method that uses a short exposure period (i.e. 48 hours) to determine
the lethal effects of an effluent or receiving water to a selected test organism.
Definitive test: A test that uses a series of effluent or receiving water dilutions to determine the
level of acute or short-term chronic toxicity a sample exhibits to a selected test animal.
Profile sample: A sample that is tested using only the 100% (undiluted) test sample.
No Observed Acute Effect Level (NOAEL): That concentration or percent sample in an acute
test where the survival of the test animals is determined to not be statistically different from the
survival of the control animals. If survival in the lowest test concentration is determined to be
statistically different from the control, the data are evaluated to see if the survival in the lowest
test concentration is greater than 40%. If it is, the assumption is made that the next dilution in
the series would have survival not different from that of the control and this estimated data point
is used as the NOAEL.
Fifty Percent Lethal Concentration (LC)50: The estimated concentration of a compound, effluent
or receiving water that would cause 50% mortality to the test animals.
Methods
Samples were collected on Tuesday 9/28/04 in one gallon cubitainers. At least 4L of
sample was collected from the mine discharge (SP-1), the three steps in the treatment process
discharge (SP-2, SP-3, SP-4) and samples upstream (US) and downstream (DS) of treatment
system. The sample containers were completely filled, so that no air space was left after they
were capped. The samples were placed into a cooler with ice and shipped overnight to the EPA
-------
facility in Cincinnati. All coolers were received on Wednesday 9/29/04 in good condition with
all seals intact, and all samples were in acceptable condition. A total of four water samples were
received.
Routine initial chemical parameters (Table 1) were determined and toxicity tests were
started on arrival of the samples. The tests with P. promelas and C. dubia were 48-hr, renewed,
acute tests, conducted at 20 C. Each sample was analyzed using both species.
All tests were conducted using moderately hard reconstituted water as the control and
dilution water. Test conditions for C, dubia, and P. promelas are contained in Tables 2, and 3,
respectively. Tables 4 and 5 contain the summary data and statistical analysis results for the
toxicity tests. Tables 6, 7 and 8 contain summaries of all routine initial and final chemistries.
All LC50 values were determined using the USEPA statistical analysis disk and the
Trimmed Speamian-Karber program, version 1.5, which adjusts for control mortality. The
Survival No Observed Acute Effect Level (NOAEL) was determined using the USEPA statistical
analysis disk and the Dunnett's program, version 1.5.
Results and Discussion
The results from the tests indicate that the treatment system being used to remediate the
waste from this mine site is working. The mine discharge sample is SP-1. The LC50 values for
this site were 2.19% for C. dubia and 9.29% for P. promleas. The first segment of the treatment
system was SP-2, with LC50 values of 6.27% for C. dubia and 25.46% for P. promelas. The
second stage in the treatment system was SP-3, with an LC50 value of 4.42% for C. dubia and
6.93% for P. promelas. For sample SP-4, the treatment system discharge, survival in the 100%
non-diluted sample was 85% for the C. dubia and the LC50 for P. promelas was 89.09%. The
survival of the C. dubia exposed in SP-4 was determined to not be statistically different from that
of the control. The Highland Creek sample upstream of the treatment process (US) had LC50
values of 34.15% for C. dubia and 32.80% for P. promelas. The Highland Creek sample
downstream of the treatment process (DS) had LC50 values of 27.74% for C. dubia and 35.36%
for P. promelas. The toxicity results for the C. dubia tests are found in Table 4. The toxicity
results for the P. promelas are found in Table 5.
In summary, by the time the mine discharge passed through the treatment system, the
NOAEL for the C. dubia increased from 1.56% ha sample SP-1 to >100% in sample SP-4, Table
4. For the P. promelas, the NOAEL increased from 0% in SP-1 to 50% in SP-4. The LC50
value for C. dubia increased from 2.19% in SP-1 to >100% in SP-4 and the LC50 value for P.
promelas increased from 9.29% in SP-1 to 89.09% in SP-4. The results from the toxicity tests
with C. dubia and P. promelas show that the survival of the animals is improved ha the treated
samples, especially the SP-4 treatment system discharge, when compared to the mine discharge
sample.
Results from the zinc reference toxicant test with each species indicate each performed
within acceptable parameters. The results for the C. dubia reference toxicant test show an LC50
value of 276.02 ug/1, which compares well to the historical LC50 value of 251.0 ug/1, with limits
-------
of 168 to 334 ug/1. The results for the P. promelas reference toxicant test show an LC50 value
535.89 ug/1, which compares to the historical value of 718.0 ug/1, with limits of 218 to 1218 ug/1.
Survival data in 2004 with the C. dubia remained the same as in 2003. However, an
LC50 decrease is observed in the 2004 P. promelas data as compared to 2003 data as noted
below in Table A. It appeal's for 2004, the discharge from SP-1 was more toxic to the P.
promelas and this toxicity is reflected in all samples tested. The upstream and downstream
receiving water samples were not collected in 2003, so no year to year comparison can be made.
Table A. 2003 vs. 2004 LC50 values.
SP1
SP2
SP3
SP4
2003
C. dubia
2.21
4.07
5.83
95% *
P. promelas
26.39
70.71
90*
100%*
2004
C. dubia
2.19
6.27
4.42
85% *
P. promelas
9.29
25.46
6.93
89.09
* indicates percent survival in 100%, non-diluted sample (no LC50 values could be generated)
TABLE 1. Arrival Chemistries
Sample
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
US
DS
Temp
(°C)
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.1
pH
(S.U.)
7.15
7.13
7.08
7.17
7.26
7.13
Allcal.
(ppm)
120
120
126
158
10
12
Hard.
(ppm)
500
480
476
462
42
50
Cond.
(,uS/cm)
867
875
870
871
81
97
D.O.
(ppm)
8.1
4.2
5.6
4.1
9.8
10.2
-------
TABLE 2. Standard Test Conditions for Ceriodaphnia dubia acute toxicity tests with
Superfund and/or Mine Waste samples.
TEST CRITERIA
Test Type
Test Duration
Temperature
Photoperiod
Test Chamber Size
Test Solution Volume
Renewal of Test solution
Age of Test Organisms
Number of Organisms/
per test chamber
Number of Replicate
Chambers/Cone.
Number of Organisms/
Concentration
Feeding
Dilution Water
Endpoint
Test Acceptability
SPECIFICATIONS
Static-renewal
48 hr
20°C±1°C
16 hr light/8 hr dark
30 ml (plastic cups)
15 ml
Daily
Less than 24-hr-old
20
none, fed while holding prior
to test setup
Moderately Hard Reconstituted
Water
Mortality, LC50
^ 90% survival in the controls
-------
TABLE 3. Standard Test Conditions for Pimephalespromelas acute toxicity tests with
Superfund and/or Mine Waste samples.
TEST CRITERIA
Test Type
Test Duration
Temperature
Photoperiod
Test Chamber Size
Test Solution Volume
Renewal of Test- solution
Age of Test Organisms
Number of Organisms/
per test chamber
Number of Replicate-
Chamb ers/Conc.
Number of Organisms/
Concentration
Feeding
Dilution Water
Endpoint
Test Acceptability
SPECIFICATIONS
Static-renewal
48 hr
20°C±1°C
16 In- light/8 hr dark
175 ml (plastic cups)
150ml
Daily
5 days ± 24 hr age range
10
20
Feed newly hatched brine shrimp prior to
testing. Do not feed during the test.
Moderately Hard Reconstituted Water
Mortality, LC50
>90% survival in the controls
-------
TABLE 4. Results from toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia.
Sample
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
US
Cone. (%) Survival LC50 (%) Limits NOAEL (%) MSD %
cont
0.39%
0.78%
1.56%
3.125%
6.25%
cont
0.78%
1.56%
3.125%
6.25%
12.5%
cont
1.56%
3.125%
6.25%
12.5%
25%
cont
100%
cont
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
18/20 2.19 1.78
19/20 2.69
19/20
15/20
3/20
2/20
20/20 6.27 4.69
20/20 8.37
18/20
20/20
9/20
4/20
18/20 4.42 3.61
18/20 5.41
13/20
4/20
1/20
0/20
19/20 N/A
17/20
20/20 34.15 27.79
20/20 41.97
17/20
17/20
5/20
0/20
1.56 22.33
3.125 10.34
1.56 22.47
100 19.00
25 24.79
-------
TABLE 4. Results from toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia clubia. Cont'd
Sample
DS
ZINC
REFERENCE
TOXICITY
(ug/1)
Cone. (%) Survival LC50 (%) Limits NOAEL (%) MSD %
cont
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
MHRW
31.25
62.5*
125
250
500
20/20 27.74 21.66 12.5 27.95
20/20 35.53
16/20
10/20
7/20
0/20
18/20 276.02 213.46 250 49.66
18/20 356.93
1/20
17/20
10/20
3/20
-------
TABLE 5. Results from toxicity tests with Pimephales promelas.
Sample Cone. (%) Survival LC50 (%) Limits NOAEL (%) MSB %
SP-1 cont
3.125%
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
SP-2. cont
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
SP-3 cont
1.56%
3.125%
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
SP-4 cont
25%
50%
100%
20/20 9.29 6.83
17/20 12.62
13/20
9/20
0/20
0/20
19/20 25.46 20.69
19/20 31.34
18/20
7/20
4/20
0/20
20/20 6.93 5.39
20/20 8.93
17/20
9/20
3/20
4/20
0/20
0/20
20/20 89.09 N/A*
20/20 N/A*
20/20
8/20
Cont 7.88
12.5 24.30
3.125 23.33
50 N/A#
N/A* indicates 95% confidence limits are not reliable
N/A# indicates not enough data points to calculate MSD%
-------
TABLE 5. Results from toxicity tests with Pimephales promelas. Cont'd
Sample
US
DS
ZINC
REFERENCE
TOXICITY
(ug/1)
Cone. (%) Survival LC50 (%) Limits NOAEL (%) MSD %
cont
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
cont
6.25%
12.5%
25%
50%
100%
MHRW
125
250
500
1000
2000
18/20 32.80 27.78 25 23.96
19/20 38.74
17/20
16/20
2/20
0/20
20/20 35.36 28.49 12.5 12.92
20/20 43.87
19/20
14/20
7/20
0/20
20/20 535.89 437.83 250 8.54
20/20 655.90
19/20
10/20
3/20
0/20
N/A* indicates 95% confidence limits are not reliable
N/A# indicates not enough data points to calculate MSD%
-------
TABLE 6. Initial routine chemistries for C. dubia, and P. promelas tests.
sxs
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
Cone.
(%)
cont
0.39
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
cont
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
pH
Ohr
8.33
8.29
8.29
8.23
8.20
8.13
8.01
7.89
7.77
8.37
8.33
8.27
8.18
8.14
8.09
7.92
7.77
7.55
8.28
8.22
8.14
8.14
8.04
7.94
7.75
7.54
(SU)
24 hr
8.08
8.13
8.18
8.21
8.12
8.13
7.91
N/A
N/A
8.06
8.10
8.14
8.10
8.06
7.92
7.71
7.52
N/A
8.05
8.06
8.05
8.05
7.96
7.69
N/A
N/A
D.O.
Ohr
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.4
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.0
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.7
8.7
8.5
8.0
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.6
8.8
8.7
8.7
(ppm)
24 hr
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
N/A
N/A
9.6
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.8
9.7
9.5
N/A
9.7
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.7
N/A
N/A
Cond.
Ohr
303
305
306
312
323
342
381
456
593
303
306
312
323
344
386
457
598
855
304
313
324
344
386
451
594
854
fcS)
24 hr
301
303
305
310
320
340
379
N/A
N/A
300
306
311
320
339
379
455
595
N/A
300
311
322
342
383
463
N/A
N/A
Temp.
Ohr
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.3
21.3
20.8
20.9
20.8
21.1
21.1
21.0
21.1
21.0
21.0
19.8
19.8
19.8
21.3
21.3
21.4
21.3
21.3
21.4
20.3
20.3
(°C)
24 hr
21.4
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
20.0
N/A
N/A
20.9
20.0
19.7
19.5
19.3
19.7
20.9
20.6
20.8
19.7
19.2
19.5
20.5
19.6
18.8
N/A
N/A
-------
TABLE 6. Initial routine chemistries for C. dubia, sn.dP.promelas tests, (cont'd)
sxs
SP-4
US
DS
Zinc
Ref
Tox
ug/1
Cone.
(%)
cont
25
50
100
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
31.25
62.5
125
250
500
1000
2000
PH
Ohr
8.30
7.43
7.30
7.51
8.23
8.29
8.18
8.13
8.08
7.81
8.08
8.05
7.81
7.80
7.78
7.55
7.81
7.80
7.78
7.84
7.95
7.85
7.76
7.67
(SU)
24 hr
8.24
7.54
7.34
7.26
8.02
8.22
8.22
8.18
8.12
N/A
8.08
8.17
8.23
8.22
8.06
N/A
8.04
8.08
8.16
8.16
8.12
8.13
8.05
N/A
D.O.
Ohr
8.1
8.6
9.0
7.4
8.3
8.7
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.1
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.7
(ppm)
24 hr
9.7
9.5
9.2
6.6
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.8
10.2
N/A
9.4
9.6
9.8
10.0
10.3
N/A
9.6
9.7
9.7
9.8
9.7
9.8
9.9
N/A
Cond.
Ohr
301
451
594
856
307
284
273
244
189
71
301
288
238
215
128
95
304
301
301
302
302
302
303
305
(A*S)
24 hr
301
449
591
860
301
287
273
244
185
N/A
301
288
276
251
200
N/A
299
301
301
301
301
301
301
303
Temp.
Ohr
19.7
20.9
20.9
19.9
21.5
21.5
21.4
21.4
21.5
21.5
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.1
21.1
21.0
21.1
21.1
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.1
20.0
19.9
(°Q
24 hr
20.2
20.5
20.1
20.1
21.6
21.7
21.7
21.5
21.6
N/A
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
N/A
20.5
19.2
19.7
19.8
19.7
19.7
19.9
19.8
-------
TABLE 7. Final routine chemistries from C. dubia tests.
sxs
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
US
Cone.
(%)
cont
0.39
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
cont
0.78
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
cont
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
cont
100
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
pH
24 hr
8.26
8.30
8.33
8.27
8.18
8.17
8.29
8.29
8.27
8.27
8.23
8.16
8.32
8.31
8.25
8.27
8.12
7.98
8.34
8.44
8.26
8.24
8.20
8.18
8.01
7.62
(SU)
481n-
8.26
8.26
8.24
8.25
8.24
8.12
8.22
8.22
8.20
8.18
8.13
8.06
8.30
8.31
8.28
8.28
8.23
8.16
8.53
8.42
8.21
8.14
8.14
8.09
8.08
N/A
D.O.
24 hr
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.7
9.6
9.4
9.3
9.3
8.8
9.3
9.4
9.4
9.6
9.5
9.2
9.3
8.8
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.5
9.2
9.2
(ppm)
48 hr
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.2
9.8
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3
10.4
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.8
9.8
10.0
9.0
N/A
Cond.
24 hr
302
308
311
316
326
346
308
312
317
327
346
380
309
320
331
349
390
448
306
829
309
294
281
255
198
92
(A^S)
48 hr
304
308
320
312
314
346
300
306
311
320
339
379
306
315
324
344
386
465
297
820
302
297
279
249
192
N/A
Temp.
24 hr
19.8
19.8
19.7
19.8
19.7
19.8
19.3
19.4
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.2
21.7
21.5
21.6
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.2
21.2
19.6
19.6
19.7
19.6
19.6
19.6
(°C)
48 hr
20.6
20.7
20.6
20.6
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.8
20.7
20.6
20.8
20.5
20.7
20.8
20.6
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.4
20.2
20.8
20.7
20.8
20.8
20.8
N/A
-------
TABLE 7. Final routine chemistries from C. dubia tests (cont'd).
sxs
DS
Zinc
Ref
Tox
ug/1
Cone,
(%)
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
31.25
62.5
125
250
500
pH
24 hr
8.06
8.02
7.93
7.84
7.77
7.27
8.33
8.32
8.32
8.29
8.28
8.13
(SU)
48 hr
8.23
8.21
8.17
8.02
8.02
N/A
8.31
8.29
8.22
8.23
8.16
8.14
D.O.
24 hr
8.0
8.2
9.3
8.9
9.6
8.2
9.5
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
10.1
(ppm)
48 hr
9..4
9.6
9.8
10.0
10.3
N/A
9.9
10.1
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.5
Cond.
24 hr
306
294
281
258
215
111
306
309
309
311
314
305
(A*S)
48 hr
305
291
278
252
203
N/A
304
306
311
304
320
305
Temp.
24 hr
19.8
19.8
19.7
19.8
19.7
19.8
20.1
20.5
20.6
20.8
21.0
21.0
(°Q
48 hr
20.5
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.3
N/A
20.4
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.4
-------
TABLE 8. Final routine chemistries from P. promelas toxicity tests.
sxs
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
SP-4
Cone.
(%)
cont
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
1.56
3.125
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
25
50
100
pH
24 hr
8.23
8.18
8.14
8.12
7.98
7.98
8.23
8.18
8.17
8.10
8.08
8.06
8.33
8.12
8.10
8.31
8.28
8.20
8.14
8.02
8.14
8.05
8.26
8.25
(SU)
48 hr
8.27
8.18
8.14
8.05
N/A
N/A
8.18
8.21
8.16
8.10
8.08
N/A
8.24
7.98
8.19
8.16
8.08
7.99
N/A
N/A
8.24
8.06
8.01
8.33
D.O.
24 hr
9.0
9.4
9.6
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.4
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.6
10.0
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.8
9.8
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.7
(ppm)
48 hr
10.0
10.1
10.1
10.2
N/A
N/A
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.0
N/A
9.7
10.0
9.9
10.1
10.1
9.8
N/A
N/A
10.2
9.3
9.2
10.2
Cond.
24 hr
309
325
346
386
460
597
305
349
388
468
605
862
303
316
325
344
388
454
593
582
316
451
595
868
G"S)
48 hr
306
323
341
381
N/A
N/A
315
343
391
459
624
N/A
304
311
323
343
384
461
N/A
N/A
312
453
598
872
Temp.
24 hr
20.2
20.0
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.7
20.2
20.1
20.2
20.1
20.0
20.0
20.3
20.0
20.0
20.1
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.9
19.6
20.1
20.0
19.8
(°Q
48 hr
20.5
20.2
20.2
20.3
N/A
N/A
20.3
20.1
20.0
20.1
19.7
N/A
20.4
20.4
20.8
20.5
20.4
20.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
20.9
20.9
N/A
-------
TABLE 8. Final routine chemistries from P. promelas toxicity tests (cont'd).
sxs
US
DS
Zinc
Ref
Tox
ug/1
Cone.
(%)
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
6.25
12.5
25
50
100
cont
125
250
500
1000
2000
pH
24 hr
8.22
8.18
8.14
8.10
7.88
7.91
N/A
N/A
8.25
8.23
8.18
8.14
8.30
8.29
8.27
8.25
8.18
8.06
(SU)
48 lii-
8.25
8.29
8.23
8.21
8.16
N/A
8.20
8.21
8.17
8.02
8.02
N/A
8.27
8.28
8.23
8.20
8.16
N/A
D.O.
24 hr
9.9
10.0
9.8
9.9
9.9
9.8
9.0
9.0
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.8
10.0
(ppm)
48 hr
9.9
10.0
10.1
10.2
10.2
N/A
10.3
10.0
10.2
9.9
9.8
N/A
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.2
N/A
Cond.
24 hr
303
290
275
248
191
76
302
296
283
259
212
114
315
311
313
315
326
327
fcS)
48 hr
305
288
288
246
188
N/A
305
291
270
253
203
N/A
314
304
310
307
313
N/A
Temp.
24 hr
20.1
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.9
20.1
20.1
18.5
17.9
17.6
16.2
20.5
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.6
19.6
(°C)
48 hr
20.4
20.4
20.3
20.4
20.4
N/A
20.5
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.2
N/A
20.1
20.1
20.3
20.1
20.1
N/A
-------
Appendix C
Montana Tech's Final Report
on the Evaluation of Apatite II™ Media
from the Nevada Stewart Mine Apatite Treatment System
-------
ttfp
Removal of Dissolved Metals from Nevada-Stewart Mine Water Using Fish
Bone Apatite
Prepared for:
Lynn. McCloskey
MSB Technology Applications, Inc.
Mine Waste Technology Program
Activity HI, Project 39
Long-Term Monitoring of a Permeable Treatment Wall
Prepared by:
Steve Anderson, Ph.D.
And
Devin Clary
Montana Tech of The University of Montana
July 2004
-------
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 1
3.0 FISH BONE DIGESTS 11
4.0 X-RAY DIFFRACTION 12
5.0 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY 13
5.1 Un-reacted Fish Bones 14
5.2 Treatment Tank 2 15
5.3 TreatmentTanlc3.. 16
5.4 Treatment Tank 4 16
6.0 CONCLUSIONS 21
7.0 REFERENCES 23
Appendix 1 26
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The goal of this project was to determine the mechanisms responsible for the attenuation of
dissolved metals from mining impacted water using fishbone apatite. The research was
conducted in conjunction with MSB Technology Application (MSE-TA), Mine Waste
Technology Program, Activity III, Project 39, Long-Term Monitoring of a Permeable Treatment
Wall. MSE-TA in conjunction with the Department of Energy installed a fishbone Apatite
Treatment System (ATS) at the Nevada-Stewart Mine site located within the Coeur d'Alene
Mining District, six miles south of Pinehurst, Idaho. Fishbone samples for this project were
obtained from the ATS in July 2003.
The scope of work for this project included an in-depth literature search focusing on fish-bone
apatite used in remediation of contaminated water; digesting and analyzing fish-bone samples
using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to determine the concentrations of contaminants
adsorbed to the material; analyzing fish-bone samples using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to assist
in the identification of the solid materials present in the treatment media; and analyzing fish-bone
samples using Scanning Electron Microscopy and energy Dispersive X-Rays (SEM/EDX) to
better determine the structure of the materials removed from the contaminated waste stream.
Fish bone samples from the ATS were collected on July 28, 2003. Core samples were collected
at varying depths (surface, 8", 16", 24", and 32") from tanks 2, 3, and 4 using a two-inch
diameter manual core sampler. The samples were stored in one-quart Glad Ziploc bags, labeled,
and refrigerated until use. The samples were digested and prepared according to EPA Test
Method 3050B, method two, preparation of sediments, sludges, and soil samples for the analysis
of samples by ICP, see Appendix II for the complete method procedures. Samples were then
analyzed for Total Dissolved Metals at SVL Analytical, Kellogg, Idaho for the following
constituents: calcium, cadmium, iron, magnesium, manganese, lead, and zinc. The bone samples
collected were also analyzed using XRD and SEM/EDX. The following sections discuss the
methods and results of each element of the scope of work.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
An extensive literature search was conducted using several databases available through the
Montana Tech Library. A complete listing of all documents found during the literature search is
located in the References section of this report. The following are summaries of selected articles
deemed most relevant to the project.
Article #1
Xiaobing, C.; Wright, J.; Conca, J.; Peurrung, L. Effests of pH on Heavy Metal Sorption on
Mineral Apatite, Environmental Science and Technology. 1997, 31, 624-631.
-------
Objectives:
Apatite interaction with heavy metals will form insoluble metal phosphates or result in the
adsorption of heavy metals on the apatite, reducing aqueous metal concentrations. The effects of
pH on solid-phase precipitation were studied.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Sedimentary phosphate rock was ground to a fine powder and passed through a 400 mesh
(38(,im). Concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc were prepared from their nitrate salts. Their
concentrations are 2.5x 10~2' 4.5xlO~2, and 7.5 xlO"2. For each metal a set of 11 solutions with
pH 1-12 were prepared. The pH was adjusted using nitric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Single-species sorption tests (SSST): apatite was equilibrated with each of the pH adjusted metal
solutions; the samples were then shaken for 24 hours.
Multiple-species sorption tests (MSST): See above
After 24 hours, the samples were centrifuges for 15 minutes then filtered through a .2pm syringe
with cellulose acetate membrane. Ph was measured. ICP was used on the determine metal
concentrations and solid samples were XRD and SEM.
Results:
Lead: 99.9% reduction in pH range of 3-10.5 and 95.5% reduction at pH of 12.
The primary mechanism of Pb removal was through the dissolution of mineral Apatites and the
precipitation of carbonate fiuoropyromorphite and hydrocemssite. The solubility of apatites is
highly pH dependent with lower solubility at higher pH, which resulted hi a drop of dissolved
phosphate, carbonate and fluoride in the aqueous system.
Cadmium: Cadmium sorption increased with increase in pH. No crystalline Cadmium
phosphates were detected, but otavite and cadmium hydroxide were formed. The dissolution of
the apatite is believed to be supplying the carbonate required for the precipitation of otavite.
Otavite has high solubility as low pH. Cadmium ions were sorbed by exchange with Ca and Na
ions in the lattice of the apatite, but co-precipitation of a surface Ca-Cd phase and surface
diffusion may be involved.
Zinc: The sorption behavior of zinc was similar to that of cadmium with minor differences, hi
the final pH range of 3.3-6.5 the sorption of zinc decreased while at that same pH, the sorption of
cadmium increased. When the final pH was above 6.5, nearly all the aqueous zinc was removed
(99.9%). The dissolution of the apatite supplied the dissolved phosphate to the aqueous zinc
solution, which was followed by the formation of hopeite.
Article #2
Hodson, M.; Jones, E.; Howells, J. Bonemeal Additions as a Remediation Treatment for Metal
Contaminated Soil. American Chemical Society. 2000, 34, 3501-3507.
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Objectives:
Poorly crystalline apatite could be used to provide a phosphate source that can be used to
remediate metal contaminated soils without causing excessive phosphate runoff. Soil was taken
from three locations to give a range of metal contamination and pH values. The bone meal used
was sieved to a size of 90-500 (.1111.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Leaching Columns: 200 grams of a 1:50 bonemeal:soil mix were packed into 250 mL columns.
The soil was inigated manually by sprinkling twice a day with a dilute solution similar in
composition to that of natural rain. The columns were kept in the dark in a temperature between
18-24C.
Batch Experiment 1-Predicted Metal Availability: 6 grams of fresh contaminated soil was mixed
with 120 mL of artificial rain solution, stirred, and left at room temperature for 7 days. The
mixtures were then air-dried. 10 mL of .01 M CaCl2 was shaken with 1 g of sample for 1 hour
then centrifuged for 15 minutes at 200 rprn. The solution was filtered than acidified with reagent
HN03 to a strength of 2.5% HNO3.
Batch Experiment 2-pH effects: 6 grams of soil was mixed with 30 mL artificial rain, and 6
grams of soil was shaken with 30 mL of sodium hydroxide solution to cause the same pH change
as was observed in the bone meal treated soil. After 24 hours, samples were centrifuged and
passed through a filter. PH was measured and the solutions were acidified using reagent nitric
acid to strength of 2.5% nitric acid.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): at the end of the leaching column experiment, dry soil
and bonemeal:soil mixture was mounted in epoxy resin, polished, and carbon coated.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD):Bonemeal particles were separated from the bulk of the soil by floating
them off the soil in water. The remaining material was dried and crushed to a size of <20 ),ig and
mounted on silicon wafer stubs.
Results:
Leachate Columns: reduction of metal concentrations from the columns could have been due to
any one or a combination of precipitation of metal phases in response to the pH rise, adsorption
of metals onto bone meal particles, and precipitation of metal phosphates.
Batch Experiment 1: Bonemeal treatments generally reduced the concentration of metal ions held
on exchange sites and reduced concentrations of some chelatable metals.
Batch Experiment 2: Significant pH rises and metal immobilization was observed in all the bone
meal treated soils. Immobilization of metals was not solely due to the change in pH.
SEM/XRD: Lead, Zinc, and Phosphate were observed occurring together within, or on the edge
of, reacted bone meal particles. Any newly formed metal is not likely due to the process of
substitution because ionic substitution is a very slow process at ambient temperatures and
pressures. Metal phosphates formed by precipitation after calcium, phosphate dissolution.
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Article #3
Knox, A.S.; Kaplan, D.I.; Adriano, D.C. Apatite and Phillipsite as Sequestering Agents for
Metals and Radionuclides. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2003, 32, 515-525.
Objectives:
Determine the influence of apatite and pliillipsite additions on contaminant sequestration and
plant growth.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Lab Batch Study: a concentration of 50 mg L-l was placed in 50 niL centrifuge tubes for one
week. Suspensions composed of .3 grams of solid and 30 mL of spike solution were shaken for
one week, phase separated, and the aqueous phase was analyzed for metal content by ICP and
pH.
Greenhouse Bioavailability: Contaminated soil was collected and mixed with apatite and
pliillipsite at two rates: 25 and 50 g/kg. After 4 weeks of soil equilibration, maize was planted
and harvested after 6 weeks of growth.
Results:
Lab Batch Study: The concentration of each element (Co2+'Ba2+, Eu3+, Pb2+, and UO22+) in the
spike solution was approximately 50mg/L. After one week, apatite reduced aqueous solutions of
each metal. A ranking of metals by their apatite Kd values is Eu, Pb, U>Co>Ba. Barium was
the only metal that phillipsite removed from the aqueous phase at a greater extent than apatite.
Greenhouse Bioavailability: Amendments were effective at redistributing the Cd, Pb, and Zn into
fractions that were more strongly held by the soil.
Article #4
Kos, B.; Lestan, D. Induced Phytoextraction/Soil Washing of Lead Using Biodegradable
Chelate and Permeable Barriers. Environmental Science and Technology. 2003, 37, 624-629.
Objectives:
To evaluate enhanced phytoextraction of Pb supported by addition of commonly used chelate
EDTA and biodegradable chelates EDDS, combined with in-situ soil washing of Pb using the
same chelates and permeable barriers to minimize losses of Pb.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Soil was passed through a 4-mm sieve and EDTA induced Pb plant uptake, and washing and
leaching were studied in a soil column experiment. Columns were layered with enriched
substrates and apatite. Soils were fertilized and planted with seeds. After the 30-day, the plants
were harvested and tested. Hydrogel was added to test the water sorption capacity. The
metabolic heat that was generated monitored microbial activity.
-------
Results:
Pb uptake in plants was only .05-.02% of the total Pb in the soil. The use of EDTA and EDDS
did increase the plant uptake, but not enough to make it an efficient removal technology. The
columns where the chelate was added removed the Pb below the detection limit of the
instrument. It is proposed that mechanisms for Pb immobilization are the conversion of Pb to
pyromorphite, a poorly soluble Pb phosphate mineral.
Article #5
Laperche, V.; Logan, T.; Gaddam, P.; Traina, S. Effect of Apatite Amendments on Plant Uptake
of Lead from Contaminated Soil. American Chemical Society. 1997, 31, 2745-2753.
Objectives:
This study investigates the use of apatite minerals to induce in situ formation of stable lead
phosphates in contaminated soil, and determine the impact of apatites on Pb uptake by plants.
Test Methods/Procedures:
The soil used contained approximately 37 026 rng of Pb/kg, along with high concentrations Zn,
Cr, Cu, and Cd. Minerals used were in the form of a hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, chlorapatite
and pyroapatite. 100 sudax seeds were germinated and grown in pots containing sand. The only
phosphate in the experiment came from the natural and synthetic apatites and
hydroxypyromorphite (HP). Pots containing contaminated soil were mixed with phosphate
materials and seeds were planted. The roots from the sand experiments and the soil assays were
examined using XRD and SEM.
Results:
The total cumulative above ground biomass and root biomass in the sand treatment watered with
P nutrient solution was higher than the other treatments watered with P-free nutrient solution.
The biomasses of the treatments with apatites were slightly higher than for the treatment with
HP. The addition of phosphate to Pb-contaminated soil can immobilize Pb as an identifiable
stable form, pyromorphite. Plant uptake of Pb can be reduced using HA or PR.
Article #6
Laperche, V.; Traina, S.; Gaddam, P.; Logan, T. Chemical and Mineralogical Characterizations
of Pb in a Contaminated Soil: Reactions with Synthetic Apatite. Environmental Science and
Technology. 1996, 30, 3321-3326.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to further investigate the use of HA as a soil additive with the goal of
converting "native" Pb forms to HP.
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Test Methods/Procedures:
All of the apatite amendments were made with a synthetic hydroxylapatite. The soil sample was
air dried and passed through a 2-mm sieve. Density separation was done using a centrifuge.
Whole soil samples and particles >100 urn were ground to fine powders. All samples were
digested with HF-HCL/HNO3. MINEQL + calculations were performed to determine the
chemical distribution of all species in solution and the propensity for precipitation of any solids
at each pH value encountered in the lab experiments. XRD and SEM were done.
Results:
XRD indicated only two Pb phases, Cemssite and Litharge. High concentrations of Ca, Mg, Pb,
and inorganic C were in accordance with the XRD identification of calcite and magnesite.
Strong correlations were observed between total organic C content and total Cu, Cd, and Zn soil
concentrations.
Pb immobilization with synthetic hydroxylapatite was studied. HA was reacted with PbO
(mixture of litharge and massicot). At a pH of 5, a greater quantity of HP formed. Under neutral
pH conditions, HP formed as very small needles on the surface of HA. hi more acid solutions,
larger discrete HP particles formed.
Formation of HP particles in contaminated soil was proven using XRD and SEM. The extent to
which this process occurs is dependent upon pH. However, at pH values<8, HP formation
appears to be limited by kinetic rather than therrnodynamic constraints.
Article #7
Ma, Q.; Traina, S.; Logan, T.; Ryan, J. Effects of Aqueous Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni, and Zn on Pb
Immobilization by Hydroxyapatite. American Chemical Society. 1994,28, 1219-1228.
Objectives:
The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of hydroxy apatite to remove commonly
encountered metals of concern including Cu, Ni, Cr(II), Cd, Pb, Hg(II), Zn and Ag(I).
Test Methods/Procedures:
Different concentrations of Pb were reacted with HA in the presence of varying levels of Al, Cd,
Cu, Fe(II), Ni, or Zn to test the effects of these metals on Pb immobilization by HA. One-tenth a
gram of HA was reacted with 200 mL of solutions containing 24.1, 121, 241, and 482 (jmol of
Pb/L as Pb(NO3)2. The suspensions were shaken for 2 hours and filtered. The filtrates were
analyzed for total P, Pb, Ca, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Al, Fe(II), and pH. The solid phases were analyzed
using XRD and SEM.
XRD: Analyses were conducted using Cu K-oc radiation at 35 kV and 20 mA. Measurements
were made using a step-scanning technique with a fixed time of 4s/.05°20.
The samples were mounted on a stainless steel stub and coated with Au and Pd for observation.
MINTEQA2—was used to calculate equilibrium distributions and activities of aqueous species
using total dissolved Pb, Ca, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni, Zn, NO3, and PO4.
-------
Results:
Added metals reduced the effectiveness of Pb immobilization by HA. Nickel had little effect on
Pb immobilization by HA. Al, Cd, and Zn caused decreases in Pb immobilization by HA only at
the greatest initial Pb concentration and at M/Pb rations greater than 1. Copper and Fe(II)
exhibited the greatest inhibition on Pb immobilization. The effectiveness of HA in immobilizing
Pb in the presence of the added metals was in the order: AlZn>Fe(n)>Cd>Cu>Ni; whereas the effectiveness of those metals in inhibiting Pb
immobilization by HA was Al>Cu>Fe(H)>Cd>Zn>Ni.
Article #8
Ma, Q.; Logan, T.; Traina, S.; Ryan, J. Effects of NO3", Cl", F, SO42~, and C032" onPb2+
Immobilization by Hydroxyapatite. Environmental Science and Technology. 1994, 28, 408-418.
Objectives:
This study investigates the effects of NO3", Cl", F", S042~, and CO32~ onhydroxyapatite- Pb +
interactions.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Different concentrations of Pb2+were reacted with HA in the presence of various levels of NO3",
CF, F", SO42~, and CO32" to test the effects of these anions on Pb2+immobilization by HA. .1 g of
HA was reacted with 200mL of solution containing 24.1, 121, 241, and 482 (.uiiol of Pb2+/L.
The suspensions were shaken and filtered. The solid phases were analyzed using XRD and
SEM.
XRD: Analyses were conducted using Cu K-oc radiation at 35 kV and 20 mA. Measurements
were made using a step-scanning technique with a fixed time of 4s/.05°26.
The samples were mounted on a stainless steel stub and coated with Au and Pd for observation.
Results:
Nitrate had little effect on final Pb2+ concentrations. The XRD data showed that HP was present
together with excess HA. The peak intensities of HP increases with an increase in initial lead
-------
concentrations, indicating more formation of HP at higher lead concentrations, and they did not
change with varying nitrate concentrations.
Chloropyromorphite and FP were formed after aqueous PO43" reacted with lead in the presence of
Cl" and F~ at pH 3,5,7, and 9. The peak intensities of both CP and FP were highest at pH 3.
Phosphate concentrations increased with an increase in initial F concentrations, and they did not
change with increasing Cl concentrations. Solution pH decreased with increasing concentrations
of both Cl and F.
Sulfate had little effect on final lead concentrations; however, final lead concentrations increased
in the presence of CO32", indicating that CO32" reduced the effectiveness of HA in immobilizing
lead. Glauberite was formed in the presence if SO42". Varying concentrations of sulfate had no
effect on the XRD patterns of HP.
Hydroxyapatite was transformed to CP and FP after reaction with aqueous lead in the presence
of Cl and F, and to HP in the presence of nitrate, SO42~, or CO32". hydroxyapatite dissolution
followed by HP, CP, or FP precipitation was the main chemical reaction.
Variations of anion concentrations of nitrate, chlorine, or sulfate had no effect on lead
immobilization by HA, whereas F and COs2" decreased lead immobilization by HA slightly.
Article #9
Ma, Q.; Traina, S.; Logan, T.; Ryan, J. hi Situ Lead Immobilization by Apatite. American
Chemical Society. 1993, 27, 1803-1810.
Objectives:
The objective of this paper is to prove the hypothesis that HA dissolution and HP precipitation is
the main Pb immobilization process as described to study the feasibility of using apatite to
immobilize lead from aqueous solution Pb, resin-exchangeable Pb, and Pb-contaminated soil
materials.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Mechanisms of Pb immobilization by HA: 500 mg of aqueous Pb was reacted with .2g of HA.
A constant pH was maintained for 1 hour.
Immobilization of aqueous lead by HA and CaHPO4.: Pb immobilization by HA was tested by
reacting DCP, HA, or a mixture of DCP + HA with aqueous lead. .1-gram calcium phosphate
was reacted with 200 mL of 100 and 500 mg Pb/L on a reciprocating shaker for 2 hours.
Immobilization of Pb from Aqueous Solutions, Exchange Resin, and Pb-Contaminated Soil
Material by Apatite: HA was reacted with mixtures of different concentrations of aqueous lead.
The contaminated soil was mixed with DI water and centrifuged. The filtrates were than
analyzed for Pb.
All samples were analyzed using XRD.
-------
Results:
Mechanisms of Pb immobilization by HA: Hydroxypyromorphite was formed in the presence of
HA at all pH values tested. At a pH of 3, little HA was detected, indicating that most of the HA
had dissolved. The HA peaks became stronger with increasing pH, with the strongest peak at a
pHofS.
Immobilization of aqueous lead by HA and CaHPCU.: Sharp, narrow XRD patterns for HP
revealed a high degree of crystallmity subsequent to reacting with HA. The HP peaks became
stronger and those of HA weaker at the 500 ing of Pb/L level compared to those at the 100 nig
level. Similar XRD patterns were obtained from the DCP samples, indicating that the final
product (HP) was not dependent upon the structure of the original calcium phosphate.
Immobilization of Pb from Aqueous Solutions, Exchange Resin, and Pb-Coiitaminated Soil
Material by Apatite: In all cases, pH values increased after .5 hour. And the highest pH values
were measured in the samples with the lowest initial Pb. Increases in solution pH were caused
by HA dissolution. This would not occur if cation substitution was the main mechanism for Pb
immobilization. Dissolved Ca concentrations and P increased with an increase in reaction time.
Hydroxyapatite was effective in attenuating Pb in aqueous solution, from resin-exchange sites,
and dissolved Pb from contaminated soil material. The immobilization process was rapid, rear
completion in 30 minutes. Natural apatite was also shown to effectively remove Pb from
aqueous solution. Aqueous P is the key factor in determining the effectiveness of lead
immobilization by apatite. Thus, pH also plays a role since it determines apatite solubility.
Optimal removal of aqueous Pb is achieved when the solution pH is low enough to dissolve
apatite and supply P to react with Pb, yet high enough to keep the solubility of HP low.
Article #10
Malinovsky, D.; Rodushkin, L; Moiseenko, T.; Ohlander, B. Aqueous transport and fate of
pollutants in. mining area: a case study of Kliibiny apatite-nepheline mines, the Kola Peninsula,
Russia. Environmental Geology. 2002,43,172-187.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study are to characterize features of formation and transport of pollutant
fluxes from the mines into surface water; give an assessment of major physico-chemical
mechanisms governing the attenuation and fate of pollutants in the water; and work out
recommendations for better planning of remediation actions.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Collection of water and sediment samples was undertaken bi-monthly over a 2-year period.
Conductivity, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon were determined.
Dissolved species were divided using an ion exchanger. Deposited sediments were collected,
and snow was collected and allowed to melt before testing.
-------
Results:
Anthropogenic fluxes of elements are the main factors controlling water chemistry in the vicinity
of the apatite-nepheline mine workings. The most significant changes in water chemistry arise
from discharges from the wastewater treatment ponds. Atmospheric transport of the metals from
the open-pit mine workings results in metal accumulation in the snow cover of the area during
the winter period, and subsequent massive input into the surface water during spring snowmelt.
A dilution process from seeps and tributaries mainly accounts for the distinct decreases in the
concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Sr, Alk, Sulfate, and Phosphate. Streams draining the Khibiny mine
workings have a low capacity to immobilize the pollutants.
Article #11
Manecki, M.; Maurice, P.; Traina, S. Kinetic of aqueous Pb reaction with apatites. Soil Science.
2000, 165, 920-933.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study is to build on past research that supports the idea that phosphate
released by the dissolution of apatite reacts with aqueous lead to form highly insoluble Pb
phosphates. The resulting Pb-phosphates are pyromorphite, as well as fluor-, and hydroxy-.
This study will include Cl and F to represent real world scenarios.
Test Methods/Procedures:
Synthetic hydroxyapatite, natural chlorapatite, and natural fluorapatite were crashed into sand-
sized particles, and XRD was performed. Batch experiments were done to compare the
dissolved ion concentration patterns resulting from apatite dissolution in the presence and
absence of Pbaq. HYDRAQL was used to calculate and plot distributions of phosphate species
vs. pH.
Results:
Under batch conditions, and in the presence of Cl ion, the dissolution of apatites is linear.
Observed pH increases during apatite dissolution probably resulted from consumption of H+
necessitated by dissolved phosphate equlibria. As pH increases, dissolution rate decreases. In
the presence of Pbaq and Cl, all 3 apatites react to form PY. Apatite dissolution rates are
enhanced by the presence of Pbaq. The rate-controlling step is apatite dissolution, shown by the
dissolved phosphate concentrations during the reaction with Pb(aq).
Article #12
Wright, J.: Conca, J. Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with Zn, Pb, and Cd using a
Permeable Reactive Barrier with Apatite II. RTDF PRB Meeting. 2002, 1-4.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study was to show that apatite II can be used as an in-situ reactive barrier
to remove heavy metal contamination.
10
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Test Methods/Procedures:
Ion Cinematography, ICP, Emission and Mass Spectroscopy, Liquid Scintillation Counting,
Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Potentiometric Stripping were performed. Batch tests
and flow-through column tests were used to determine relative performance and to provide
media for solid characterization.
Results:
When Pb was reacted with the apatite, it precipitated as lead-pyromorphites while Zn and Cd
both sorbed onto particles and precipitated as hopeite, zincite, hydrocerrasite, otavite and other
phases.
3.0 FISH BONE DIGESTS
Fishbone samples from Tank 2, Tank 3, and Tank 4 were digested and analyzed to determine the
concentrations of contaminants contained on the fish bone using. Five samples from each tank
(one sample at each depth) were dried in an oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 95° Fahrenheit.
Digestion of the fish bone followed EPA Test Method 3050B, method two, preparation of
sediments, sludges, and soil samples for the analysis of samples by inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry.
Digested fish bone samples from each tank were sent to SVL Analytical in Kellogg, Idaho for
the analysis of Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Magnesium
(Mg), and Calcium (Ca), using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-
AES). Samples were prepared according to EPA methods 200.7 and 601 OB, and analyzed with a
Perkin-Elmer Optima, 2000 DVICP-OES. Table 3-1 represents the results of the digest.
The data obtained from the digest analysis indicate an increase in the concentrations of several
metals compared to fish bone that was not exposed to the contaminated water. Samples Raw 1,
Raw 2, and Raw 3 were obtained from MSE-TA, Inc. from three different buckets that were
collected during installation of the Apatite Treatment System. Comparing these samples to the
fish bone samples collected from each treatment tank, the concentration of zinc increased by an
average of 97 times; Manganese by 48 times; iron by 18 times; lead by 12 times; and cadmium
by 4 times. Magnesium is the only element analyzed for that decreased in concentration.
11
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Table 3-1. Fish Bone Digest Data (mg/kg)
Sample
Tank 2 Sample 1
surface
Tank 2 Sample 2
8"
Tank 2 Sample 3
16"
Tank 2 Sample 4
24"
Tank 2 Sample 5
32"
Tank 3 Sample 1
surface
Tanks Sample 2
8"
TamkS Sample 3
16"
Tank 3 Sample 4
24"
TankS Sample 5
32"
Tank 4 Sample 1
surface
Tank 4 Sample 2
8"
Tank 4 Sample 3
16"
Tank 4 Sample 4
24"
Tank 4 Sample 5
32"
Raw 1 -Bucket 1
Raw 2-Bucket 2
Raw 3-Bucket 3
Blank
Duplicate-Tank 2
Sample 3
Ca
214092.14
172946.86
230627.31
205466.54
174077.58
205544.93
217092.34
229166.67
230919.77
219378.43
219178.08
221476.51
178399.23
209960.94
224121.56
201107.01
197926.48
212765.96
0.00
212389.38
Cd
1.19
0.89
0.90
0.77
0.66
1.76
2.33
0.99
1.14
1.28
0.85
0.64
0.32
0.53
0.35
0.23
0.23
0.25
0.00
0.88
Fe
3224.93
3449.28
1909.59
1913.29
2204.35
5248.57
8831.04
3001.89
2808.22
3647.17
3268.10
2013.42
1764.71
2861.33
1329.53
219.56
119.70
168.28
0.00
3008.85
Mg
2755.19
2657.00
2555.35
2516.49
2194.89
2275.33
2593.32
2481.06
2397.26
2550.27
2612.52
2617.45
2314.37
2587.89
2640.08
3173.43
3213.95
3114.12
0.00
2409.05
Mn
591.69
656.04
512.92
455.23
586.57
1414.91
1886.05
945.08
788.65
877.51
675.15
530.20
411.76
723.63
383.67
17.25
15.74
14.22
0.00
489.68
Pb
4.61
8.07
2.97
2.32
5.09
7.02
21.51
3.89
4.01
13.89
10.08
3.12
1.62
2.71
0.53
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.00
3.47
Zn
14092.14
14685.99
15221.40
12912.35
13907.28
18355.64
18565.82
13825.76
17416.83
18007.31
13698.63
11505.27
7396.34
14062.50
7996.20
167.90
120.64
148.94
0.00
13372.66
4.0 X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD)
Samples from Tank 2, Tank 3, Tank 4, and a sample of the uncontaminated (raw) fishbone were
analyzed using XRD to identify any crystalline structures present in the treatment media. Each
sample was ground into a fine powder and passed through a 200-mesh (74 micron) screen. The
powder was placed in a glass slide, and put into the XRD machine. The beam was set at a start
angle of 15° and an end angle of 85°. Readings were taken every one second, or at a scanning
step of 0.05° 26. Data were then imported into a program called Jade, where it was transformed
12
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into a word document. The final data is in a graph representing the d-spacing between the
crystalline lattice structures within the sample.
The analysis confirms the composition of the bone as poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite. The
samples analyzed from tanks 2, 3, and 4 had no detectable crystalline structures other than that of
the hydroxyapatite itself. If any crystalline materials are being produced in the reactor, the mass
of the crystalline structure must be too small to detect, or the materials are amorphous and could
not be detected using XRD. Figure 4-1 is a representation of the graphs produced by from the
XKD analysis. The graphs from all samples were virtually identical.
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A beam of electrons is generated in the electron gun located at the top of a column. This beam is
attracted through the anode, condensed by a condenser lens and focused as a very fine point on
the sample by the objective lens. The electron beam hits the sample, producing secondary
electrons from the sample. These electrons are collected by a secondary detector or a backscatter
detector, converted to a voltage, and amplified. The amplified voltage is applied to the grid of the
cathode ray tube (CRT) and causes the intensity of the spot of light to change. The image
consists of thousands of spots of varying intensity on the face of a CRT that correspond to the
topography of the sample.
Fishbone samples from the ATS were placed on a pin stub using double-sided carbon tape. The
pin-stubs were placed on an aluminum specimen holder and placed inside the SEM. The system
was operated with the variable pressure mode, and an operating chamber pressure of 50 Pascals.
20 kilovolts of accelerating voltage was used for EDX detection. Two fishbone samples were
coated with gold to enable high vacuum images to be taken without the interruption of charging.
A backscatter detector was used to show variations in the atomic number of contaminants on the
fishbone. The following sections discuss samples taken from each treatment tank in detail.
5.1 Un-reacted Fish Bones
A sample of uncontaminated fishbone was analyzed using SEM/EDX. Results from the EDX
analysis identify the primary composition of the raw fishbone as oxygen, carbon, calcium, and
phosphorus. These results agree with the findings from the XRD that identify the bone as
hydroxy apatite. The results are shown in Figure 5-1.
Figure 5-1. Un-reacted Fish Bone EDX Scan.
14
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5.2 Treatment Tank 2
The results from several of the bone samples in treatment tank 2 have similar trends to each
other. Zinc was focused on during this project due to the concentrations found in the influent
water and on the reacted fish bones. Zinc accounts for approximately six percent of the total
sample mass within the scanned area. The EDX analysis also shows a weight percent increase in
sulfur. This trend was common in all samples analyzed. The remaining mass can be attributed
to calcium, aluminum, phosphorus, silica, and several other metals. Figure 5-2 is a spectrum of
the scan area on the bone from treatment tank 2.
Ca
-i r
10
15
i -7-
20
Figure 5-2. Typical EDX Scan for Tank 2
Using the backscatter option on the SEM, a fishbone sample from tank 2 was analyzed. Using
the backscatter detector, areas of high average atomic mass show up as bright spots on the bone's
surface. Several of these bright spots were scanned and compared with the overall scans of the
bones taken from Tank 2. The results from the EDX analysis show that the scan of the selected
spot is made up primarily of oxygen, zinc, and sulfur. The zinc is accounting for approximately
18% of the total weight within the scan area, while sulfur accounts for roughly 10%. Figure 5-3
is the EDX scan of a bright spot from Tank 2.
15
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• Tank2-01a.pgt
FS: 2800
10
I 'I ' |"—i 1 1 1—7-
15 20
Figure 5-3. EDX Scan of Bright Spot from Tank 2.
5.3 Treatment Tank 3
The bone samples analyzed from treatment tank 3 demonstrate similar results to those from
treatment tank 2. Zinc is attributing roughly six percent of the total weight within the scan area,
while sulfur contributes about three percent. An additional fishbone sample from Tank 3 was
analyzed using the backscatter detector. The EDX analysis of a bright spot shows that zinc is
accountable for approximately 16% of the total weight, similar to the 18% found in Tank 2.
Similar to results seen in treatment tank 2, the weight percent of sulfur increases. Scans and data
from Tank 2 can be found in the appendix of this report.
5.4 Treatment Tank 4
SEM/EDX results indicate that treatment tank 4 has a greater removal efficiency of zinc and
other metals when compared to the other treatment tanks. Treatment tanks 2 and 3 have an
average zinc weight percent on the surface of the bone of approximately 6. Treatment tank 4 has
an average zinc weight percent on the bone surface of roughly 17%. This average is based on
the scan covering the entire surface of the fishbone.
Several bone samples from tank 4 were analyzed. Results from all the samples show higher total
weight percent of zinc than tanks 2 and 3. Sulfur also contributes a significant amount of the
total weight percent. Figure 5.4 is a spectrum of the entire surface of a fishbone sample from
tank 4. Table 5.1 is the EDX analysis for this spectrum.
16
-------
Figure 5.4. EDX Scan of Entire Bone from Tank 4.
Table 5-1. Weight percent Data from EDX Scan
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Wt%
16.90
2.10
26.41
22.51
6.44
7.67
0.00
12.75
1.75
0.37
2.90
0.00
0.21
100.00
At%
9.40
1.36
23.98
26.44
8.34
10.35
0.00
14.46
2.62
0.21
2.70
0.00
0.14
100.00
The backscatter detector was also used to look at a sample of fishbone from treatment tank 4.
Due to the high levels of zinc present on the bone samples from treatment tank 4, and the use of
the SEM backscatter detector, more light intensified spots could be found. This enabled the
comparison of the bright spots to the darker gray regions of the fishbone. Figure 5-5 is an image
showing two scan areas. When compared to the total weight percent of zinc that treatment tanks
2 and 3 are removing, treatment Tank 4 four appears to be more efficient in removing zinc and
other metals.
17
-------
:200(jm
EHTs 20.00 kV WD= 20mm
Signal A * QBSD Dale ,27 Jan 2004
Photo No. = 430 Time :11:52:49
Figure 5-5. Bright Regions (1) and Dark Regions (2)
The following tables represent the weight percent of various elements found within the bright
and dark regions.
Table 5-2. Weight Percent Data from Bright Region
Element
0
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
K
Ca
Mn
Fe
Cu
Zn
Total
Wt%
25.68
0.21
4.42
0.88
3.78
17.38
0.00
6.06
0.34
0.80
3.93
36.52
100.00
At%
49.16
0.26
5.02
0.96
3.73
16.60
0.00
4.63
0.19
0.44
1.90
17.11
100.00
18
-------
Table 5-3. Weight Percent Data from Dark Region
Element
O
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
K
Ca
Mn
Fe
Cu
Zn
Total
Wt%
62.31
0.00
2.53
0.54
7.84
4.79
0.00
14.55
0.20
0.67
0.63
5.96
100.00
At%
79.65
0.00
1.92
0.39
5.18
3.05
0.00
7.42
0.07
0.25
0.20
1.87
100.00
Results from Table 5-2 show that the bright spot that was analyzed is 36.5 percent zinc and 17.4
percent sulfur. These two elements account for more than half of the total weight percent in the
area that was scanned. Results from Table 5-3 show that the dark region that was scanned is
approximately six percent zinc, while sulfur is roughly five percent of the total weight. Results
from all of the SEM/EDX analyses suggest that the zinc and sulfur are directly related, thus
suggesting the formation of zinc sulfide. More tests and experiments focusing on tin's aspect can
be found in Devin Clary's thesis, which was defended in April 2004.
To confirm the presence of zinc sulfide, a fishbone sample taken from tank four was analyzed
under high vacuum using the SEM. Figure 5-6 is an image of zinc sulfide crystals that were
formed on the surface of a fishbone sample from tank four. This image is magnified 9000 times
and has a scale of 300 nanometers.
19
-------
Signal A =SE1
Photo No,=.521
Date :21 Mar 2004
Time :12:51:42
Figure 5-6. Zinc Sulfide Crystals
The spherical structures within the image were identified as zinc sulfide crystals. Research
performed by Gammons and Frandsen (2001) identified similar shaped zinc sulfide crystals in an
anaerobic treatment system. Table 5-4 is an EDX analysis of Figure 5-6. The zinc accounts for
over thirty six percent of the total weight within that scan region, while sulfur contributes over
seventeen percent of the total weight.
20
-------
Table 5-4. EDX Analysis of ZnS Crystals.
Element
O
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
K
Ca
Mn
Fe
Cu
Zn
Total
Wt%
25.68
0.21
4.42
0.88
3.78
17.38
0.00
6.06
0.34
0.80
3.93
36.52
100.00
At%
49.16
0.26
5.02
0.96
3.73
16.60
0.00
4.63
0.19
0.44
1.90
17.11
100.00
Since zinc sulfide is being precipitated in the ATS, it can be stated that Cd, Fe, and Pb are also
being precipitated as metal sulfides. This is due to the solubility products of each metal. ZnS is
the most soluble, which indicates that CdS and PbS should precipitate before ZnS. Table 5-5 is a
list of the solubility products of cadmiiun, lead, and zinc.
Table 5-5. Solubility Products
Metal Sulfide
CdS (Greenockite)
PbS (Galena)
ZnS (Sphalerite)
Formation
CdS + H* <-» Cd2+ + HS"
PbS + H+ o Pb2* + HS"
ZnS + H+ <-> Zn2+ + HS"
LogK
-15.93
-12.78
-11.62
Source: Drever 1997
6.0 CONCLUSIONS
The apatite treatment system placed at the Nevada-Stewart Mine is removing metals. Results of
the digests show increases in metals concentrations compared to the mi-reacted fish bones. The
metals most common in the influent water show the greatest increases. The XRD tests were
somewhat inconclusive other than verifying the composition of the fish bones as hydroxyapatite.
Tests conducted on the SEM/EDX provided the most compelling evidence of metal removal.
Numerous highly conductive spots were found on the bone samples collected from each of the
three treatment tanks. The samples collected from Tank 4, however, had more conductive areas
than the other two tanks. These "spots" were analyzed and compared to other areas of the bone
to determine how the metals were being removed. Zinc was focused on because it has the
highest concentrations and it was easier to find on the bone samples.
21
-------
Results from the SEM/EDX analyses and the results from additional tests outlined in Clary's
thesis suggest that zinc is being removed from the Nevada-Stewart Mine water through the
precipitation of a zinc sulfide. This contradicts current literature that suggests zinc is removed
with apatite through the precipitation of a zinc phosphate. No evidence was found to support the
precipitation of zinc phosphate in the treatment system at the Nevada-Stewart mine site. The
following-is a summary of the probable zinc removal mechanisms taking place within the ATS:
• Precipitation of zinc sulfide assisted by sulfate reducing bacteria—primary removal
mechanism,
• Precipitation of a zinc phosphate or zinc oxide, and
• Isomorphous substitution.
Additional experiments are needed to better understand the sulfate reducing bacteria that are
responsible for the metal attenuation. Identification of the bacteria would better promote the
recent finding of zinc sulfide precipitation assisted by SRB formation in the Nevada-Stewart
Mine apatite treatment system.
Metal removal using fishbone apatite could also be optimized. Since it was determined that SRB
activity was responsible for the attenuation of zinc and possibly other metals at the Nevada-
Stewart Mine through the precipitation of a metal sulfides, the system could be designed to be an
anoxic, highly reduced environment: the favored conditions of SRB. A flow rate control would
be required to ensure the contaminated water receive the proper residence time within the
treatment tanks.
22
-------
7.0 REFERENCES
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Public Health Statement, Zinc. 1989.
www. cl a. sc. edu/geo g/hrl/sctrap/toxfaqs/zinc .html
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for lead. Alanta,
Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry, 1999. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp 13.html
Basin Environmental Improvement Project Commission (BEIPC). 2003 Annual Report.
www.basincommission.com
Box, S.E., A.A. Bookstrom, and W. Kelly. 1999. Surficial Geology of the Valley of the South
Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, Draft. October 1999.
Chen, X.B., Wright, J.V., Conca, J.L., and Periling, L.M., (1997). Evaluation of Heavy Metal
Remediation Using Mineral Apatite. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 98, 57-78.
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, IA. Integrated Animal Waste
Management. 1996, Task Force Report No. 128.
Drever, J. The Geochemistry of Natural Water. 1997. 136, 419-422.
Eisler, R. 1993. Zinc hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. Biol. Rep.
10.
Contaminants Hazards Reviews Report 26. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Funk, William H., Rabe, F., et al., An Integrated Study of the Impact of Metallic Trace Element
Pollution in. the Coeur d'Alene-Spokane Rivers-Lake Drainage Systems. Washington State
Univeristy, University of Idaho joint project completion report to OWRT (Title n Project c-
4145), 1975.
Gammons, C. H., and A.K. Frandsen. Fate and Transport of Metals in H2S-Rich Waters at a
Treatment Wetland. Geochemical Transactions, 2001.
Hyperdictionary. www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/krebs+cycle
Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (IDHW). 1997. Coeur d'Alene River Basin
Environmental Health Exposure Assessment, Interim Report. March 14, 1997.
Idaho Bureau of Land Management. USGS Geological Science Research on Public Lands.
Idaho Resource AssessmentProjects, 1999.
www.geology.usgs.gov/connections/bhn/bhn__r_07.html
KT GeoServices Inc. www.bccmeterorites.com
23
-------
Long, K.R. 1998. Production and Disposal of Mill Tailings in the Coeur d'Alene Mining
Region, Shoshone County, Idaho; Preliminary Estimates. Open-File Report 98-595.
U.S. Geological Survey.
LutheiTII, G.W., Theberge, S.M. and D. T. Rickard (1999). Evidence for aqueous clusters as
intermediates during zinc sulfide formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 63: 19-20,
Pages 3159-3169.
Ma, Q.Y., Traina, T.J., and T.J. Logan, and Ryan, J.A., (1994) Effects ofAl, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni,
and Zn on Pb2+ immobilization by hydroxy apatite. Environmental Science Technology. 28,
1219.
Ma, Q.Y., Traina, T.J., and T.J. Logan, (1993). In Situ Lead Immobilization by Apatite.
Environmental Science and Technology, 27(9), pp. 1803-1810.
Mandjiny, S., Matis, K.A., Zouboulis, A.I., Et al. Calcium hydroxyapatites: evaluation of
sorption properties for cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Journal of Materials Science. 1998,
33,5433-5439.
Nordstrom, D.K., Thermochemical equilibria ofZobell's solution. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta. 1977,41, 1835-1841.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1994). Report From
Session F, "Sources of Cadmium in Waste," Chairman's Report of The Cadmium Workshop,
ENVJMCICHEMIRD(96)1, Stockholm, Sweden, October 1995.
Parkhurst, D.L., and C.A.J. Appelo, 1999. User's Guide to PHREEQC (version T)-A Computer
Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical
Calculations, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4259, Denver,
CO.
Parsons, J.D., 1957. Literature pertaining to formation of acid mine waters and their effects on
the chemistry and fauna of streams. Trans. 111. State Acad. Sci., v. 50, pp. 49-52.
Pocket Water Incorporated. 2002 Summary of Toxic Effects of Fish. www.Pocketwater.coin
Randi, A.S., Monserrat, J.M., Rodriguez, E.M., and Romano, L.A. Histopathological effects of
cadmium on the gills of the fresh water fish, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann (Pisces,
Atherinidae). The Journal of Fish Disease. 1996, 19, 1365-2761.
Reesal, M.R., Dufresne, R.M, and Corbet, K. Adverse Health Effects from Industrial and
Environmental Cadmium. Alberta Occupational Medicine Newsletter. 1987, Vol. 5.
Samuel L. Turek, M.D jb Lippincott, Orthopaedics: Principles and Applications, 1985, 2nd
Edition, pages 113 and 136.
24
-------
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). 1993. Draft Mine Sites Fact Sheets for
the Coeur d'Alene River Basin. Prepared for EPA Region 10, Seattle, Washington. December
1993.
SII Nanotechnology Inc. www.simt.com/en/teclTnology/icp analysis2 e.html
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Aquatic Life Fact Sheet, Cadmium. EPA-822-
F-01-002. April 2001
United States Geological Survery. Idalio Surface Water Quality Statewide Network. 1998.
www.usgs.gov
Washington Department of Ecology. Institutional Framework Case Studies. Bunker Hill
Superfund Site, Idaho. 2002.
http://www.ecy. wa.gov/progi-ams/tcp/area_wide/Agenda/meetmg_Q2Q612/BunkerHill.pdf
Washington State Department of Ecology. Institutional Frame-works Case Studies, Bunker Hill
Superfund Site, Idaho, www.ecy.wa.gov
Widdel, F. 1988. Microbiology and ecology ofsulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria, P 469-583.
In AJ.B. Zehnder (ed.), Biology of anaerobic microorganisms. Wiley Intel-science, New York.
Wilkes University Center for Environmental Quality. Total Phosphorus and Phosphate Impact
on Surface Water, www.wilkes.edu/~eqc/phosphate.hfanl
Xu, Y., and Schwartz, F.W. (1994). Lead Immobilization by hydroxyapatite in aqueous
solutions. J. Contaminant Hydrology, 15, 187-206.
Wright, J., Hansen, B., Conca, J. (2003). PIMS: An Apatite IIPermeable Reactive Barrier to
Remediate Groundwater Containing Zn, Pb, and Cd. Environmental Geosciences (in press).
25
-------
Appendix I - SEM Data
26
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 2 Spot on ground-up sample
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\apatite1.pgt
Collected: October 27, 2003 12:29:20
Live Time: 339.16
Beam Voltage: 14.78
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
2265
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
16.28%
31.00
apatitel.pgt
FS: 6400
Al
Fe
Cu
Zn
T
8
—r~
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0910
0.0270
0.1622
0.0588
0.0287
0.1145
0.0829
0.0063
0.0079
0.0090
0.0042
0.0000
0.0013
Wt%
10.98
3.09
17.60
8.31
4.34
17.75
33.98
0.83
1.43
1.07
0.45
0.00
0.16
100.00
At%
4.22
1.39
11.03
6.74
3.88
16.52
53.32
0.65
1.48
0.42
0.29
0.00
0.07
100.00
ChiSquared
1.75
1.32
8.41
56.06
56.06
56.06
56.06
56.06
56.06
1.75
8.41
0.00
1.32
32.46
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 « www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
34.7
32.4
297.4
171.8
104.2
329.4
89.4
39.9
45.9
14.6
26.5
0.5
13.7
BKG
(cps)
10.6
12.3
18.0
28.2
30.0
28.5
4.9
25.2
25.0
11.3
18.9
0.6
12.5
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
1.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net (cps)
24.0
20.0
279.0
143.7
74.1
300.9
82.7
14.5
20.8
3.3
7.6
0.0
1.2
P:B
Ratio
2.3
1.6
15.5
5.1
2.5
10.6
17.0
0.6
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det Eff
0.993
0.984
0.936
0.904
0.865
0.861
0.168
0.887
0.795
0.991
0.919
0.024
0.980
Z Corr
1.197
1.137
1.014
0.998
0.959
0.979
0.863
0.979
0.943
1.191
1.033
0.816
1.154
A Corr
1.008
1.027
1.075
1.426
1.588
1.592
4.758
1.354
1.941
1.012
1.107
8.425
1.039
F Corr
1.000
0.977
0.996
0.993
0.992
0.994
0.999
0.990
0.991
0.985
0.949
0.999
0.983
Tot Corr
1.207
1.142
1.086
1.414
1.511
1.550
4.101
1.312
1.815
1.187
1.086
6.870
1.178
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PlGTl
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 2 Entire bone in ground-up sample
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\apatite1a.pgt
Collected: October 27, 2003 12:29:20
Live Time: 281.13
Beam Voltage: 19.40
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
4203
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
26.30 %
31.00
apatite! a.pgt
FS: 8000
Mi,
Zn
T
8
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
tine
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0777
0.0315
0.2863
0.1824
0.0391
0.0868
0.0000
0.0151
0.0152
0.0069
0.0122
0.0000
0.0023
Wt%
9.14
3.66
32.52
26.42
5.99
14.48
0.00
2.31
3.02
0.81
1.38
0.00
0.28
100.00
At%
4.87
2.28
28.28
29.73
7.43
18.72
0.00
2.51
4.33
0.44
1.23
0.00
0.18
100.00
ChiSquared
3.37
2.35
110.28
47.84
47.84
47.84
0.00
47.84
47.84
3.37
110.28
0.00
2.35
54.02
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross (cps)
77.0
67.1
685.6
340.4
172.5
319.3
3.8
71.0
76.4
28.6
70.2
1.2
29.3
BKG (cps)
21.3
25.3
42.5
41.7
41.0
36.4
4.1
41.4
30.0
22.7
43.3
1.6
26.0
Overlap (cps)
0.0
0.3
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net (cps)
55.6
41.5
641.5
298.6
131.4
282.9
0.0
29.2
46.2
5.8
26.8
0.0
3.3
P:B Ratio
2.6
1.6
15.1
7.2
3.2
7.8
0.0
0.7
1.5
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det Eff
0.979
0.953
0.806
0.436
0.813
0.784
0.049
0.527
0.689
0.975
0.752
0.003
0.941
Z Cbrr
1.149
1.104
0.993
0.984
0.946
0.967
0.858
0.964
0.933
1.147
1.013
0.816
1.123
A Corr
1.024
1.069
1.147
1.489
1.651
1.749
8.969
1.607
2.160
1.033
1.200
13.444
1.095
F Corr
1.000
0.983
0.997
0.989
0.981
0.987
0.999
0.985
0.989
0.990
0.933
1.000
0.986
Tot Corr
1.176
1.160
1.136
1.449
1.532
1.669
7.692
1.526
1.992
1.173
1.134
10.961
1.212
Modes
Ettnut
Elmut.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PBT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 2 entire ground-up sample
File:
Collected:
Live Time:
Beam Voltage:
C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\apatite1 b.pgt
October 27, 2003 12:29:20
302.00
19.48
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
5498
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
30.79 %
31.00
apatite! b.pgt
FS: 11000
Mil
Fe
Cu
~T
8
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0306
0.0125
0.2319
0.3417
0.0222
0.0598
0.0052
0.0209
0.0128
0.0032
0.0137
0.0000
0.0009
Wt%
3.63
1.47
27.71
43.75
2.90
8.58
4.11
3.52
2.13
0.39
1.68
0.00
0.12
100.00
At%:
1.78
0.85
22.21
45.37
3.32
10.22
8.25
3.53
2.82
0.20
1.38
0.00
0.07
100.00
eiiiSquared
3.81
2.35
284.17
83.82
83.82
83.82
83.82
83.82
83.82
3.81
284.17
0.00
2.35
125.72
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 « www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross (cps)
68.4
62.7
895.2
457.9
202.7
392.5
6.4
99.4
118.9
32.2
98.1
1.9
34.4
BKG (cps)
24.9
30.8
48.8
65.4
71.7
74.6
6.3
60.4
62.3
26.8
52.4
2.1
31.8
Overlap (cps)
0.0
0.2
2.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net (cps)
43.5
31.7
843.6
392.4
131.0
317.9
0.1
38.3
56.4
5.4
45.7
0.0
2.6
P:B Ratio
1.7
1.0
17.3
6.0
1.8
4.3
0.0
0.6
0.9
0.2
0.9
0.0
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Bet Eff
0.970
0.931
0.722
0.255
0.759
0.705
0.008
0.360
0.582
0.963
0.649
0.000
0.914
ZCorr
1.164
1.117
1.005
0.995
0.956
0.978
0.868
0.975
0.943
1.162
1.025
0.825
1.136
A Co IT
1.020
1.067
1.191
1.299
1.423
1.503
9.076
1.745
1.795
1.028
1.257
18.554
1.092
FCorr
1.000
0.993
0.999
0.991
0.962
0.976
0.999
0.989
0.983
0.996
0.952
1.000
0.994
TotCorr
1.187
1.184
1.195
1.280
1.309
1.435
7.871
1.682
1.665
1.190
1.226
15.299
1.234
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON BAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 3 Piece of bone in ground-up sample
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\apatite2a.pgt
Collected: October 27, 2003 12:29:20
Live Time: 223.74
Beam Voltage: 19.34
Count Rate: 3719
Beam Current: 2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
25.10%
31.00
apatite2a.pgt
FS: 64QQ
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cti
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0596
0.0154
0.3170
0.3160
0.0191
0.0326
0.0000
0.0190
0.0071
0.0037
0.0156
0.0000
0.0029
Wt%
7.03
1.81
36.75
39.98
2.50
5.02
0.00
2.99
1.31
0.43
1.81
0.00
0.36
100.00
At%
3.80
1.14
32.40
45.61
3.15
6.58
0.00
3.30
1.91
0.24
1.64
0.00
0.23
100.00
GhiSquared
3.45
1.68
170.84
36.59
36.59
36.59
0.00
36.59
36.59
3.45
170.84
0.00
1.68
73.05
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|GT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zii
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
ICA1
KA1
KA1
Gross (Cps)
59.7
42.6
645.8
311.7
108.8
139.5
5.6
69.0
58.2
23.3
72.8
1.8
28.0
BICG(cps)
19.4
23.4
45.3
49.8
52.0
49.6
6.4
46.3
41.1
20.3
45.1
2.0
24.1
Overlap (cps)
0.0
0.3
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net (cps)
40.4
18.9
598.8
261.8
56.8
89.9
0.0
22.3
17.0
2.9
27.7
0.0
3.9
P:B Ratio
2.1
0.8
13.2
5.3
1.1
1.8
0.0
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.2
Element
Zu
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
DetEff
0.975
0.942
0.761
0.330
0.784
0.742
0.020
0.432
0.631
0.969
0.696
0.000
0.927
ZCoi-r
1.154
1.108
0.997
0.987
0.949
0.970
0.861
0.967
0.935
1.152
1.016
0.818
1.126
A Go rr
1.024
1.075
1.166
1.297
1.435
1.623
9.736
1.653
2.009
1.033
1.221
14.833
1.102
FGorr
1.000
0.988
0.998
0.989
0.965
0.979
0.999
0.985
0.987
0.993
0.936
1.000
0.991
Tot Corr
1.181
1.177
1.159
1.265
1.314
1.542
8.374
1.574
1.855
1.181
1.161
12.127
1.230
Modes
Elmut.
Elmut
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Ehimt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PlGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 3 Spot on piece of bone
File:
Collected:
Live Time:
Beam Voltage:
C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\apatite2bspotonlargepc.pgt
October 28, 2003 13:18:21
500.65
18.64
Count Rate: 167
Beam Current: 2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
6.63 %
31.00
apatite2bspotonlargepc.pgt
FS: 640
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0053
0.0016
0.0116
0.0100
0.0009
0.0009
0.0581
0.0044
0.0002
0.0001
0.0004
0.1705
0.0001
Wt%
0.72
0.20
1.35
1.29
0.12
0.14
47.00
0.55
0.04
0.01
0.04
48.52
0.01
100.00
At%
0.16
0.05
0.48
0.59
0.06
0.07
41.39
0.24
0.02
0.00
0.01
56.92
0.00
100.00
ChiSquaretl
5.18
2.25
22.78
12.06
12.06
12.06
12.06
12.06
12.06
5.18
22.78
12.06
2.25
11.91
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross; (cps)
3.6
2.4
22.7
15.1
4.1
3.9
12.2
8.5
2.0
0.7
1.9
3.8
0.9
BKG(cps)
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.6
1.5
1.5
0.7
1.3
0.3
0.8
Overlap (cps)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
Net (cps)
3.0
1.6
21.4
13.5
2.5
2.3
11.7
7.0
0.5
0.1
0.6
2.1
0.1
P:B Ratio
4.9
2.2
17.8
8.7
1.5
1.4
20.3
4.7
0.3
0.1
0.5
8.0
0.1
..Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
EetEff
0.987
0.971
0.881
0.674
0.860
0.855
0.201
0.719
0.790
0.984
0.847
0.044
0.964
Z Corr
1.378
1.314
1.176
1.164
1.119
1.144
1.016
1.140
1.103
1.373
1.199
0.966
1.335
ACorr
0.989
0.988
0.992
1.122
1.229
1.426
7.970
1.098
1.778
0.989
1.004
2.948
0.990
E Corr
1.000
0.985
0.998
0.995
0.993
0.996
1.000
0.995
0.998
0.990
0.976
1.000
0.989
Tot Corr
1.363
1.278
1.165
1.299
1.366
1.624
8.096
1.246
1.957
1.343
1.176
2.845
1.306
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmut.
Elmnt.
Elmut.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmut.
Elmnt.
Elmut.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Tank 3 Bone scan
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\A2d.pgt
Collected: October 28, 2003 13:18:21
Live Time: 1293.82
Beam Voltage: 18.54
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
85
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
6.32 %
31.00
A2d.pgt
FS: 1000
Mn
Cu
10
Element
C
O
Al
S
K
Ca
Fe
Zu
P
Si
Mg
Cu
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
0.277
0.523
1.487
2.307
3.313
3.691
6.403
8.637
2.013
1.740
1.254
8.046
5.898
KRatio
0.2475
0.0354
0.0024
0.0011
0.0008
0.0239
0.0013
0.0035
0.0132
0.0013
0.0003
0.0004
0.0001
Wt%
58.39
35.62
0.38
0.14
0.09
2.77
0.17
0.48
1.68
0.17
0.06
0.05
0.02
100.00
:M% :
67.04
30.70
0.19
0.06
0.03
0.95
0.04
0.10
0.75
0.08
0.03
0.01
0.00
100.00
ChiSquared
23.85
23.85
23.85
23.85
47.49
47.49
1.40
2.36
23.85
23.85
23.85
2.36
1.40
25.68
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|G|T|
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
C
O
Al
S
K
Ca
Fe
Zn
P
Si
Mg
Cu
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross (cps)
4.9
5.6
3.1
1.5
1.2
15.9
0.8
0.9
8.4
2.0
1.0
0.4
0.5
BKG(cps)
0.1
0.3
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.4
Overlap (cps)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net (cps)
4.7
5.2
2.3
0.7
0.5
15.2
0.4
0.6
7.5
1.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
P:B Ratio
32.2
16.3
2.9
0.9
0.7
22.2
1.2
2.2
9.2
1.4
0.4
0.3
0.1
Element
C
O
Al
S
K
Ca
Fe
Zn
P
Si
Mg
Cu
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
BetEfT
0.052
0.220
0.860
0.733
0.854
0.886
0.972
0.988
0.693
0.863
0.797
0.985
0.965
ZCorr
0.970
1.021
1.149
1.145
1.205
1.182
1.320
1.385
1.169
1.124
1.108
1.379
1.341
A Com-
2.433
9.848
1.351
1.083
0.992
0.984
0.991
0.990
1.096
1.189
1.655
0.990
0.993
FCorr
1.000
1.000
0.996
0.992
0.959
0.999
0.992
1.000
0.995
0.992
0.997
0.995
0.994
TotCorr
2.359
10.048
1.546
1.230
1.145
1.161
1.298
1.371
1.274
1.326
1.830
1.359
1.324
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmtit
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Entire ground-up sample
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite3a.pgt
Collected: October 29, 2003 12:12:50
Live Time: 133.92
Beam Voltage: 19.46
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
5989
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
32.39 %
31.00
apatite3a.pgt
FS: 5400
Mn
Cu
«_
Zn
—T~
10
T
8
Element
Al
Si
S
K
Ca
Fe
P
Zn
Cu
Mn
Mg
O
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
1.487
1.740
2.307
3.313
3.691
6.403
2.013
8.637
8.046
5.898
1.254
0.523
KKatio
0.0788
0.0445
0.0323
0.0258
0.3209
0.0122
0.1669
0.0530
0.0037
0.0007
0.0227
0.0000
Wt%
12.66
6.55
4.78
2.91
36.98
1.45
23.64
6.28
0.44
0.08
4.22
0.00
100.00
:At%
16.10
8.00
5.11
2.56
31.64
0.89
26.17
3.30
0.24
0.05
5.96
0.00
100.00
ChiSquared
45.05
45.05
45.05
78.98
78.98
1.26
45.05
3.22
3.22
1.26
45.05
0.00
45.08
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|G T|
PRINCETON BAMMA-TECH
Element
Al
Si
S
K
Ca
Fe
P
Zn
Cu
Mn
Mg
O
tine
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross (cps)
373.8
236.7
160.2
139.1
991.2
53.5
538.8
71.7
32.2
38.1
128.5
8.1
BKG(cps)
42.2
48.4
60.6
63.4
57.2
33.8
55.7
25.9
28.5
36.9
34.4
9.2
Overlap: (cps) ,:i
0.2
0.3
1.3'
0.0
4.6
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
Net (cps)
331.4
188.0
98.3
75.7
929.4
19.5
482.8
45.8
3.8
1.2
93.1
0.0
P;B Ratio
7.8
3.9
1.6
1.2
16.2
0.6
8.7
1.8
0.1
0.0
2.7
0.0
Element
Al
Si
S
K
Ca
Fe
P
Zn
Cu
Mn
Mg
O
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det.Eff
0.832
0.845
0.651
0.815
0.856
0.965
0.587
0.985
0.981
0.957
0.756
0.128
Z Corr
0.974
0.953
0.971
1.021
1.001
1.113
0.991
1.158
1.157
1.132
0.940
0.865
A Corr
1.672
1.579
1.552
1.192
1.153
1.077
1.449
1.024
1.033
1.105
2.007
10.010
FCorr
0.986
0.979
0.982
0.928
0.998
0.989
0.986
1.000
0.993
0.992
0.988
0.999
Tot Corr
1.606
1.474
1.481
1.129
1.152
1.185
1.416
1.186
1.187
1.240
1.864
8.652
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGIT!
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Spot on bone in ground-up sample
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite3b.pgt
Collected: October 29, 2003 12:12:50
Live Time: 60.91
Beam Voltage: 19.15
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
7567
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
37.24 %
31.00
apatite3b.pgt
FS: 3200
Mn Fe
Cu
Zn
—r~
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KKatio
0.0132
0.0036
0.2314
0.4612
0.0206
0.0289
0.0000
0.0259
0.0145
0.0016
0.0169
0.0000
0.0003
Wt%
1.57
0.43
28.18
54.56
2.41
3.85
0.00
4.45
2.19
0.19
2.13
0.00
0.03
100.00
At%
0.80
0.26
23.35
58.48
2.85
4.74
0.00
4.60
2.99
0.10
1.81
0.00
0.02
100.00
ChiSquared
1.17
0.85
44.28
28.95
28.95
28.95
0.00
28.95
28.95
1.17
44.28
0.00
0.85
27.82
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 « www.pgt.com
-------
QPGTJ
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
59.5
52.7
1363.6
844.8
272.2
311.3
11.2
161.4
162.2
37.6
176.2
3.6
43.3
BKG
(cps)
31.5
38.6
90.3
91.6
86.1
78.7
13.2
90.1
65.4
33.6
92.0
8.2
42.2
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.1
5.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.0
2.4
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
28.0
14.0
1267.7
752.9
185.9
232.4
0.0
68.9
95.8
4.0
84.2
0.0
1.2
P:B
Ratio
0.9
0.4
14.0
8.2
2.2
3.0
0.0
0.8
1.5
0.1
0.9
0.0
0.0
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.961
0.911
0.650
0.153
0.710
0.636
0.002
0.250
0.495
0.953
0.564
0.000
0.889
Z
Corr
1.171
1.122
1.008
0.998
0.959
0.981
0.870
0.978
0.946
1.168
1.028
0.827
1.141 .
A
Corr
1.018
1.066
1.208
1.197
1.287
1.406
9.072
1.773
1.629
1.026
1.277
20.669
1.090
F
Corr
1.000
0.997
1.000
0.991
0.947
0.968
0.999
0.990
0.981
0.998
0.959
1.000
0.998
Tot
Corr
1.192
1.193
1.218
1.183
1.169
1.335
7.888
1.716
1.511
1.196
1.260
17.082
1.241
Modes
Elnnit.
Elmnt.
Elimit.
Elmnt.
Ekmit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Scan of crack in bone
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite3d.pgt
Collected: October 29, 2003 12:12:50
Live Time: 65.37
Beam Voltage: 19.57
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
6893
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
35.12%
31.00
apatite3d.pgt
FS: 3200
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0405
0.0096
0.3522
0.2671
0.0266
0.0392
0.0000
0.0282
0.0127
0.0012
0.0233
0.0000
0.0001
Wt%
4.81
1.15
40.90
34.22
3.52
6.00
0.00
4.30
2.30
0.14
2.65
0.00
0.01
100.00
At%
2.57
0.72
35.61
38.55
4.38
7.76
0.00
4.68
3.29
0.08
2.37
0.00
0.01
100.00
ChiSquared
1.60
1.13
43.89
18.87
18.87
18.87
0.00
18.87
18.87
1.60
43.89
0.00
1.13
23.33
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
QPGTJ
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
71.3
55.0
1229.9
763.2
234.3
283.4
9.5
178.3
137.9
32.4
154.2
3.5
40.1
BKG
(cps)
28.7
36.6
73.0
105.5
103.7
97.0
10.2
95.6
80.6
31.0
79.1
6.4
39.9
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
. :Net ,
(cps)
42.5
18.4
1152.2
657.5
130.4
186.3
0.0
80.9
56.6
1.4
75.1
0.0
0.2
P:B
Ratio
1.5
0.5
15.8
6.2
1.3
1.9
0.0
0.8
0.7
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.982
0.960
0.834
0.517
0.831
0.811
0.085
0.595
0.727
0.979
0.788
0.008
0.950
Z
Corr
1.158
1.113
1.001
0.992
0.953
0.975
0.865
0.971
0.940
1.157
1.021
0.822
1.132
A
Corr
1.025
1.083
1.161
1.311
1.434
1.601
10.653
1.598
1.950
1.035
1.206
13.789
1.112
F
Corr
1.000
0.992
0.999
0.986
0.968
0.980
0.999
0.982
0.987
0.995
0.927
1.000
0.994
Tot
Corr
1.188
1.195
1.161
1.282
1.324
1.530
9.213
1.525
1.810
1.191
1.142
11.335
1.251
Modes
Elmnt.
Ekniit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PBT
PRINCETON BAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Scan of piece of bone
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite3e.pgt
Collected: October 29, 2003 12:12:50
Live Time: 37.02
Beam Voltage: 18.88
Count Rate: 6240
Beam Current: 2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
33.00 %
31.00
apatite3e.pgt
FS: 1800
JMiL
Fe
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0367
0.0090
0.3585
0.2978
0.0235
0.0385
0.0000
0.0235
0.0088
0.0010
0.0196
0.0000
0.0002
wt%
4.36
1.08
41.35
37.08
3.00
5.66
0.00
3.56
1.53
0.12
2.22
0.00
0.03
100.00
At%
2.33
0.67
36.01
41.79
3.73
7.32
0.00
3.88
2.20
0.07
1.99
0.00
0.02
100.00
ChiSquared
1.44
0.98
20.63
8.19
8.19
8.19
0.00
8.19
8.19
1.44
20.63
0.00
0.98
11.00
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
BP|G|T
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
60.3
48.3
1165.3
688.0
223.7
279.2
7.2
153.4
126.1
28.7
136.7
2.8
35.2
BKG
(cps)
24.9
31.9
75.1
112.5
114.2
107.9
8.4
95.5
89.5
27.5
79.0
6.8
34.7
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
3.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
:Net
(cps)
35.4
16.3
1086.5
575.4
109.3
171.2
0.0
56.3
35.9
1.2
57.7
0.0
0.5
P:B
Ratio
1.4
0.5
14.5
5.1
1.0
1.6
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.979
0.952
0.801
0.424
0.810
0.780
0.044
0.517
0.683
0.974
0.746
0.002
0.940
Z
Corr
1.162
1.115
1.002
0.991
0.953
0.974
0.864
0.971
0.940
1.160
1.022
0.821
1.133
A
Corr
1.023
1.077
1.152
1.272
1.389
1.541
10.123
1.586
1.874
1.032
1.199
13.544
1.104
F
Corr
1.000
0.993
0.999
0.987
0.966
0.979
0.999
0.983
0.987
0.996
0.928
1.000
0.995
Tot
Corr
1.189
1.193
1.153
1.245
1.279
1.470
8.742
1.515
1.738
1.192
1.137
11.111
1.245
Modes
Elnint.
Elmnt.
Elnnit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmiit.
Ehmit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elnn.it.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Spot on bone chip
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite3f.pgt
Collected: October 29, 2003 12:12:50
Live Time: 51.37
Beam Voltage: 19.33
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
6520
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
33.82 %
31.00
apatiteSf.pgt
FS: 2500
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0333
0.0080
0.3493
0.2868
0.0261
0.0387
0.0000
0.0266
0.0119
0.0025
0.0223
0.0000
0.0008
wt%
3.96
0.96
40.60
36.20
3.39
5.77
0.00
4.07
2.08
0.30
2.56
0.00
0.11
100.00
At%
2.11
0.60
35.19
40.60
4.19
7.43
0.00
4.41
2.98
0.17
2.27
0.00
0.07
100.00
ChiSquared
1.46
1.00
33.61
13.65
13.65
13.65
0.00
13.65
13.65
1.46
33.61
0.00
1.00
18.01
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 « www.pgt.com
-------
SP|GT|
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
60.9
49.4
1243.1
741.0
230.4
279.7
7.6
163.9
128.9
30.5
147.7
2.6
37.5
BKG
(cps)
24.6
33.2
68.5
98.7
97.1
90.6
7.7
89.7
74.8
27.2
74.6
5.6
35.6
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.2
4.5
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.8
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
36.3
16.0
1170.1
642.0
133.1
188.9
0.0
72.4
53.4
3.3
73.0
0.0
1.8
P:B
Ratio
1.5
0.5
17.1
6.5
1.4
2.1
0.0
0.8
0.7
0.1
1.0
0.0
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.980
0.955
0.813
0.455
0.817
0.791
0.056
0.544
0.698
0.976
0.761
0.004
0.943
Z
Corr
1.161
1.114
1.002
0.992
0.954
0.975
0.866
0.972
0.941
1.159
1.022
0.822
1.133
A
Corr
1.024
1.080
1.161
1.289
1.406
1.562
10.447
1.603
1.893
1.034
1.207
14.018
1.108
F
Corr
1.000
0.993
0.999
0.987
0.966
0.979
0.999
0.983
0.987
0.996
0.929
1.000
0.995
Tot
Corr
1.189
1.196
1.162
1.262
1.296
1.492
9.037
1.532
1.757
1.193
1.146
11.525
1.250
Modes
Elnint.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Eliinit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PBT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Spot next to crack
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite3g.pgt
Collected: October 29, 2003 12:12:50
Live Time: 41.41
Beam Voltage: 18.92
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
5600
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
30.68 %
31.00
apatiteSg.pgt
Ca
FS: 2000
Un
Cu
Zn
~T
8
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0295
0.0058
0.4047
0.2808
0.0215
0.0390
0.0000
0.0187
0.0069
0.0000
0.0208
0.0000
0.0005
wt%
3.52
0.70
46.25
34.74
2.74
5.72
0.00
2.77
1.19
0.00
2.31
0.00
0.07
100.00
At%
1.89
0.44
40.53
39.39
3.43
7.45
0.00
3.03
1.73
0.00
2.07
0.00
0.04
100.00
ChiSquared
1.16
1.14
26.59
9.40
9.40
9.40
0.00
9.40
9.40
0.00
26.59
0.00
1.14
14.46
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|G|T
PRINCETON BAMMA.TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
48.4
38.9
1231.6
626.8
181.6
245.3
4.0
123.5
93.3
24.2
128.1
1.8
32.1
BKG
(cps)
21.6
29.0
65.2
88.2
87.2
81.0
4.1
78.3
66.2
24.0
69.7
3.5
31.2
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.1
3.6
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
26.9
9.9
1162.7
538.4
94.2
164.2
0.0
43.8
26.6
0.0
58.4
0.0
1.0
P:B
Ratio
1.2
0.3
17.8
6.1
1.1
2.0
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.979
0.953
0.806
0.436
0.813
0.784
0.049
0.527
0.689
0.975
0.752
0.003
0.941
Z
Corr
1.163
1.115
1.003
0.992
0.954
0.975
0.865
0.972
0.940
1.160
1.023
0.821
1.134
A
Corr
1.025
1.082
1.141
1.265
1.385
1.536
10.727
1.550
1.876
1.034
1.183
12.248
1.111
F
Corr
1.000
0.995
0.999
0.985
0.967
0.980
0.999
0.981
0.987
0.997
0.917
1.000
0.996
Tot
Corr
1.192
1.201
1.143
1.237
1.277
1.467
9.271
1.478
1.741
1.196
1.109
10.056
1.255
Modes
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmiit.
EllTUlt.
Eknnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Eknnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 « www.pgt.com
-------
QP|G|T|
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Entire piece of long, flakey bone
File:
Collected:
Live Time:
Beam Voltage:
C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite5a.pgt
October 29, 2003 12:12:50
141.63
19.23
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
8355
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
39.09 %
31.00
apatiteSa.pgt
FS: 5400
Mn
Fe
~~r~
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.1454
0.0186
0.2274
0.1577
0.0428
0.0431
0.0000
0.0867
0.0080
0.0032
0.0246
0.0000
0.0017
wt%
16.90
2.10
26.41
22.51
6.44
7.67
0.00
12.75
1.75
0.37
2.90
0.00
0.21
100.00
At%
9.40
1.36
23.98
26.44
8.34
10.35
0.00
14.46
2.62
0.21
2.70
0.00
0.14
100.00
ChiSquared
12.68
1.60
81.57
19.09
19.09
19.09
0.00
19.09
19.09
12.68
81.57
0.00
1.60
31.52
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HPG|T|
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
211.4
90.0
967.7
623.5
402.9
391.6
20.1
427.0
170.3
44.9
186.7
5.9
56.7
BKG
(cps)
36.8
48.3
86.9
152.3
155.7
149.3
20.0
127.2
126.7
40.3
93.1
6.5
52.4
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.4
5.7
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.2
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
174.6
41.3
875.1
470.8
247.0
242.2
0.0
298.6
42.1
4.6
93.7
0.0
4.2
P:B
Ratio
4.7
0.9
10.1
3.1
1.6
1.6
0.0
2.3
0.3
0.1
1.0
0.0
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.987
0.970
0.877
0.661
0.857
0.852
0.188
0.709
0.785
0.984
0.842
0.038
0.963
Z
Corr
1.139
1.095
0.986
0.976
0.939
0.960
0.851
0.956
0.925
1.137
1.005
0.809
1.114
A
Corr
1.020
1.064
1.183
1.484
1.635
1.878
8.294
1.557
2.397
1.028
1.233
15.242
1.088
F
Corr
1.000
0.970
0.996
0.986
0.980
0.987
0.999
0.988
0.991
0.981
0.952
1.000
0.978
Tot
Corr
1.162
1.129
1.162
1.427
1.505
1.778
7.056
1.471
2.198
1.147
1.180
12.326
1.185
Modes
Elmiit.
Eltmit.
Elmiit.
Elmiit.
Elmiit.
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elnmt.
Elmnt.
Elmiit.
Elmiit.
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
BT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 long bone close up
File:
Collected:
Live Time:
Beam Voltage:
C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite5b.pgt
October 29, 2003 12:12:50
53.40
19.02
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
8162
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
38.62 %
31.00
apatiteSb.pgt
FS: Z7SQ
Mn
Fe
Zn
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0718
0.0212
0.3090
0.2085
0.0386
0.0373
0.0000
0.0498
0.0167
0.0015
0.0280
0.0000
0.0027
wt%
8.48
2.48
35.65
27.83
5.33
6.02
0.00
7.31
3.19
0.18
3.20
0.00
0.33
100.00
At%
4.59
1.57
31.48
31.81
6.72
7.90
0.00
8.07
4.65
0.10
2.89
0.00
0.21
100.00
ChiSquared
2.35
1.44
47.18
26.28
26.28
26.28
0.00
26.28
26.28
2.35
47.18
0.00
1.44
27.06
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PBT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
115.5
89.5
1298.5
833.5
314.8
295.7
13.6
290.8
161.1
36.4
194.1
4.2
52.9
BKG
(cps)
31.5
42.4
76.0
96.2
89.0
81.1
16.0
96.0
67.7
34.4
83.5
8.7
46.4
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.6
6.7
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.0
1.9
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
84.0
46.5
1215.8
737.0
225.6
214.4
0.0
192.8
92.2
2.1
110.6
0.0
6.5
P:B
Ratio
2.7
1.1
16.0
7.7
2.5
2.6
0.0
2.0
1.4
0.1
1.3
0.0
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.986
0.968
0.869
0.633
0.853
0.845
0.163
0.687
0.774
0.983
0.833
0.029
0.961
Z
Corr
1.154
1.108
0.996
0.986
0.948
0.969
0.860
0.966
0.935
1.152
1.016
0.817
1.126
A
Corr
1.024
1.073
1.161
1.373
1.493
1.693
9.458
1.544
2.072
1.033
1.201
13.376
1.099
F
Corr
1.000
0.987
0.998
0.986
0.975
0.984
0.999
0.984
0.989
0.991
0.935
1.000
0.990
Tot
Corr
1.181
1.172
1.154
1.335
1.380
1.615
8.126
1.468
1.916
1.179
1.141
10.920
1.225
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|G|T
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Spot on long flakey bone
File:
Collected:
Live Time:
Beam Voltage:
C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite5c.pgt
October 29, 2003 12:12:50
48.96
18.99
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
7531
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
37.21 %
31.00
apatiteBc.pgt
FS: 2000
Mn
Cu
~T
8
10
Element
Zn
Fe
' Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.1279
0.0224
0.2404
0.2097
0.0292
0.0302
0.0000
0.0759
0.0114
0.0030
0.0219
0.0000
0.0019
Wt%
14.91
2.54
27.87
28.44
4.19
5.20
0.00
11.30
2.40
0.34
2.58
0.00
0.23
100.00
At%
8.27
1.65
25.23
33.33
5.41
7.00
0.00
12.79
3.57
0.20
2.39
0.00
0.15
100.00
ChiSquared
5.32
1.66
28.20
12.49
12.49
12.49
0.00
12.49
12.49
5.32
28.20
0.00
1.66
14.35
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
196.5
99.2
1059.8
675.5
277.4
269.6
13.9
351.0
139.3
39.5
168.9
3.5
54.2
BKG
(cps)
31.3
44.9
75.8
100.6
96.0
89.3
16.1
96.6
75.3
34.9
81.7
8.3
49.1
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.5
5.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.6
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
165.2
53.9
978.6
574.6
181.2
180.2
0.0
252.8
62.7
4.5
87.2
0.0
5.1
P:B
Ratio
5.3
1.2
12.9
5.7
1.9
2.0
0.0
2.6
0.8
0.1
1.1
0.0
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.978
0.950
0.795
0.409
0.806
0.774
0.039
0.503
0.675
0.974
0.738
0.002
0.938
Z
Corr
1.142
1.097
0.987
0.978
0.940
0.961
0.852
0.958
0.927
1.141
1.007
0.810
1.116
A
Corr
1.020
1.064
1.178
1.407
1.564
1.819
8.356
1.573
2.289
1.028
1.231
15.205
1.087
F
Corr
1.000
0.974
0.997
0.986
0.976
0.985
0.999
0.988
0.991
0.984
0.950
1.000
0.981
Tot
Corr
1.166
1.137
1.159
1.356
1.435
1.721
7.116
1.488
2.101
1.154
1.178
12.306
1.191
Modes
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elnnit.
Elmnt.
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|G|T
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Close-up of spot on flakey bone
File:
Collected:
Live Time:
Beam Voltage:
C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite5d.pgt
October 29, 2003 12:12:50
32.73
18.80
Count Rate: 7572
Beam Current: 2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
36.79 %
31.00
apatiteSd.pgt
FS: 1800
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0580
0.0226
0.3434
0.2693
0.0245
0.0277
0.0000
0.0400
0.0051
0.0000
0.0227
0.0000
0.0029
Wt%
6.87
2.66
39.41
33.84
3.19
4.25
0.00
5.91
0.94
0.00
2.57
0.00
0.35
100.00
At%
3.76
1.71
35.18
39.09
4.06
5.63
0.00
6.59
1.39
0.00
2.36
0.00
0.23
100.00
ChiSquared
1.68
1.18
22.97
8.64
8.64
8.64
0.00
8.64
8.64
0.00
22.97
0.00
1.18
12.05
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
MIT.
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
93.9
87.2
1344.5
830.6
279.3
282.1
9.2
245.6
137.2
29.9
178.8
3.2
49.0
BKG
(cps)
28.7
38.8
93.7
142.2
143.5
134.5
10.4
121.6
111.1
31.5
97.9
8.3
42.4
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.6
5.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.9
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
65.2
47.8
1245.8
688.2
135.6
147.5
0.0
122.2
25.3
0.0
80.9
0.0
6.6
P:B
Ratio
2.3
1.2
13.3
4.8
0.9
1.1
0.0
1.0
0.2
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.2
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.981
0.956
0.816
0.465
0.820
0.794
0.060
0.552
0.703
0.976
0.765
0.004
0.945
Z
Corr
1.155
1.109
0.997
0.986
0.948
0.969
0.859
0.966
0.935
1.153
1.017
0.816
1.127
A
Corr
1.024
1.074
1.154
1.292
1.415
1.612
9.704
1.555
1.999
1.033
1.198
13.195
1.101
F
Corr
1.000
0.990
0.998
0.986
0.969
0.981
0.999
0.984
0.988
0.994
0.931
1.000
0.992
Tot
Corr
1.183
1.179
1.148
1.257
1.300
1.533
8.335
1.478
1.847
1.184
1.134
10.767
1.231
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Ekrmt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON BAMMA.TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Close up of bone
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite5e.pgt
Collected: October 29, 2003 12:12:50
Live Time: 47.49
Beam Voltage: 19.07
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
8314
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
39.01 %
31.00
apatiteSe.pgt
-ea-
: 25QO
Mil
Fe
Cu
—r~
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
5.898
KRatio
0.0704
0.0195
0.3062
0.1989
0.0419
0.0398
0.0000
0.0511
0.0198
0.0010
0.0287
0.0016
W/o
8.32
2.29
35.41
26.83
5.83
6.45
0.00
7.50
3.78
0.12
3.28
0.19
100.00
At%
4.47
1.44
31.07
30.46
7.30
8.41
0.00
8.23
5.47
0.07
2.95
0.12
100.00
ChiSquared
1.94
1.27
46.50
30.42
30.42
30.42
0.00
30.42
30.42
1.94
46.50
1.27
28.61
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PI f"* "I"
PET
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
115.8
90.8
1325.1
846.4
321.2
298.7
13.3
296.7
167.0
37.2
198.6
54.8
BKG
(cps)
31.7
46.6
74.4
78.4
69.9
62.3
16.3
82.9
51.8
35.7
81.0
51.0
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.3
7.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.0
2.1
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
84.1
43.9
1243.5
767.6
251.0
236.2
0.0
211.7
113.9
1.5
117.6
3.9
P:B
Ratio
2.6
0.9
16.7
9.8
3.6
3.8
0.0
2.6
2.2
0.0
1.5
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.982
0.960
0.834
0.516
0.831
0.811
0.084
0.594
0.726
0.979
0.787
0.950
Z
Corr
1.155
1.109
0.997
0.987
0.949
0.970
0.861
0.967
0.936
1.153
1.017
1.128
A
Corr
1.023
1.073
1.162
1.386
1.501
1.696
9.507
1.542
2.060
1.032
1.201
1.099
F
Corr
1.000
0.987
0.998
0.986
0.976
0.984
0.999
0.984
0.989
0.991
0.935
0.990
Tot
Corr
1.182
1.174
1.156
1.349
1.391
1.619
8.178
1.467
1.908
1.180
1.143
1.227
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Ekimt.
Ehmit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON BAMMA-TEDH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 Close up of bone
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite5f.pgt
Collected: October 30, 2003 11:29:41
Live Time: 1438.42 Count Rate: 143
Beam Voltage: 18.24 Beam Current: 2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
6.48 %
31.00
apatiteBf.pgt
FS: 1800
G
i
r
_^
Zn
A 41 si
j^QUJInfljfL
,
A
„ / A
^iVKJ VL . Mn £e Cu _^n
tl ''^•il*'^*! p^'1 i HIL
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
ICA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
ISRatio
0.0008
0.0003
0.0083
0.0083
0.0005
0.0006
0.0422
0.0012
0.0001
0.0000
0.0005
0.3405
0.0000
wt%
0.11
0.04
0.97
1.04
0.06
0.09
41.57
0.15
0.03
0.00
0.06
55.86
0.00
100.00
At%
0.02
0.01
0.33
0.46
0.03
0.05
35.48
0.06
0.01
0.00
0.02
63.52
0.00
100.00
ChiSquared
7.97
3.04
286.96
71.03
71.03
71.03
71.03
71.03
71.03
7.97
286.96
71.03
3.04
117.90
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 « FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
1.1
1.1
23.6
16.7
3.8
4.3
9.1
4.5
2.3
0.5
2.8
4.4
0.7
BKG
(cps)
0.5
0.6
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
0.8
1.7
1.7
0.5
1.3
0.3
0.7
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
Net
(cps)
0.7
0.5
22.4
14.9
1.9
2.4
8.3
2.7
0.5
0.0
1.4
2.7
0.1
P:B
Ratio
1.4
0.8
18.7
7.9
1.0
1.3
10.7
1.6
0.3
0.1
1.1
7.9
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.985
0.965
0.855
0.582
0.844
0.831
0.125
0.648
0.754
0.981
0.814
0.017
0.956
Z
Corr
1.413
1.345
1.203
1.189
1.143
1.169
1.038
1.165
1.127
1.407
1.226
0.986
1.366
A
Corr
0.986
0.980
0.969
1.056
1.135
1.285
9.483
1.031
1.553
0.985
0.972
1.663
0.980
F
Corr
1.000
0.997
1.000
0.998
0.996
0.998
1.000
0.997
0.999
0.998
0.984
1.000
0.998
Tot
Corr
1.393
1.315
1.165
1.253
1.293
1.498
9.842
1.198
1.749
1.383
1.173
1.640
1.335
Modes
Elmnt.
Eknnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|G|T|
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 round bone, crack in bone
File:
Collected:
Live Time:
Beam Voltage:
C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite6a.pgt
October 30, 2003 12:03:20
169.43
17.55
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
180
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
6.62 %
31.00
apatiteGa.pgt
FS: 160
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
key
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0118
0.0018
0.0189
0.0127
0.0055
0.0076
0.0522
0.0139
0.0009
0.0002
0.0018
0.0981
0.0005
Wt%
1.57
0.23
2.23
1.73
0.78
1.24
34.06
1.81
0.18
0.03
0.21
55.85
0.06
100.00
At%
0.34
0.06
0.79
0.79
0.40
0.65
30.13
0.80
0.10
0.01
0.08
65.84
0.02
100.00
GhiSquared
5.20
1.55
15.80
9.95
9.95
9.95
9.95
9.95
9.95
5.20
15.80
9.95
1.55
9.15
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
2.8
1.4
14.2
10.8
7.6
9.7
13.8
11.9
2.7
0.8
2.6
6.6
0.9
BKG
(cps)
0.7
0.7
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.0
1.8
1.7
0.7
1.4
0.6
0.7
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
Net
(cps)
2.1
0.7
12.8
8.8
5.6
7.7
12.8
10.1
0.9
0.0
1.2
4.7
0.2
P:B
Ratio
2.8
1.0
10.4
4.6
2.9
4.0
13.3
5.6
0.5
0.1
0.9
7.3
0.3
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.989
0.975
0.897
0.737
0.870
0.871
0.269
0.766
0.812
0.986
0.868
0.077
0.969
Z
Corr
1.336
1.272
1.137
1.123
1.080
1.103
0.978
1.101
1.064
1.330
1.159
0.928
1.292
A
Corr
0.996
1.004
1.042
1.224
1.329
1.490
6.673
1.189
1.849
0.998
1.064
6.135
1.010
F
Corr
1.000
0.980
0.998
0.990
0.990
0.993
1.000
0.994
0.995
0.986
0.974
1.000
0.986
Tot
Corr
1.331
1.252
1.182
1.360
1.420
1.632
6.522
1.301
1.956
1.309
1.201
5.691
1.286
Modes
Elmnt
Elnuit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|B|T|
PRINCETON BAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 round bone, spot in crack
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite6b.pgt
Collected: October 30, 2003 12:03:20
Live Time: 169.43
Beam Voltage: 17.55
Count Rate: 180
Beam Current: 2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
6.62 %
31.00
apatiteBb.pgt
FS: 160
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0118
0.0018
0.0189
0.0127
0.0055
0.0076
0.0522
0.0139
0.0009
0.0002
0.0018
0.0981
0.0005
Wt%
1.57
0.23
2.23
1.73
0.78
1.24
34.06
1.81
0.18
0.03
0.21
55.85
0.06
100.00
At%
0.34
0.06
0.79
0.79
0.40
0.65
30.13
0.80
0.10
0.01
0.08
65.84
0.02
100.00
CliiSquared
5.20
1.55
15.80
9.95
9.95
9.95
9.95
9.95
9.95
5.20
15.80
9.95
1.55
9.15
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 « FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGITl
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
2.8
1.4
14.2
10.8
7.6
9.7
13.8
11.9
2.7
0.8
2.6
6.6
0.9
BKG
(cps)
0.7
0.7
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.0
1.8
1.7
0.7
1.4
0.6
0.7
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
Net .
(cps)
2.1
0.7
12.8
8.8
5.6
7.7
12.8
10.1
0.9
0.0
1.2
4.7
0.2
P:B
Ratio
2.8
1.0
10.4
4.6
2.9
4.0
13.3
5.6
0.5
0.1
0.9
7.3
0.3
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.989
0.975
0.897
0.737
0.870
0.871
0.269
0.766
0.812
0.986
0.868
0.077
0.969
Z
Corr
1.336
1.272
1.137
1.123
1.080
1.103
0.978
1.101
1.064
1.330
1.159
0.928
1.292
A
Corr
0.996
1.004
1.042
1.224
1.329
1.490
6.673
1.189
1.849
0.998
1.064
6.135
1.010
F
Corr
1.000
0.980
0.998
0.990
0.990
0.993
1.000
0.994
0.995
0.986
0.974
1.000
0.986
Tot
Corr
1.331
1.252
1.182
1.360
1.420
1.632
6.522
1.301
1.956
1.309
1.201
5.691
1.286
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Eliimt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 round bone, spot next to crack
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite6c.pgt
Collected: October 30, 2003 12:03:20
Live Time: 372.58
Beam Voltage: 18.58
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
394
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
7.60 %
31.00
apatiteGc.pgt
FS: 900
Cu,
i
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0734
0.0097
0.0557
0.0300
0.0320
0.0280
0.1280
0.0678
0.0001
0.0010
0.0049
0.0000
0.0003
Wt%
8.94
1.11
6.58
4.57
5.09
5.20
58.23
9.52
0.01
0.11
0.60
0.00
0.03
100.00
At%
2.85
0.41
3.42
3.07
3.78
4.02
75.87
6.19
0.01
0.04
0.32
0.00
0.01
100.00
ChiSquared
28.96
2.91
40.88
41.88
41.88
41.88
41.88
41.88
41.88
28.96
40.88
0.00
2.91
33.15
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
8.3
3.6
22.2
17.7
22.1
20.2
27.7
31.5
5.9
1.7
5.1
7.3
2.0
BKG
(cps)
1.5
1.9
3.2
6.0
6.2
6.2
2.6
5.0
5.7
1.6
3.4
1.0
2.0
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
6.8
1.7
19.0
11.6
15.9
14.0
25.0
26.4
0.0
0.1
1.7
0.0
0.1
P:B
Ratio
4.6
0.9
6.0
1.9
2.5
2.2
9.7
5.3
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.991
0.979
0.915
0.814
0.881
0.888
0.371
0.822
0.838
0.989
0.892
0.142
0.974
Z
Corr
1.209
1.158
1.040
1.029
0.989
1.011
0.897
1.008
0.975
1.206
1.060
0.851
1.177
A
Corr
1.006
1.029
1.140
1.502
1.628
1.854
5.077
1.401
2.425
1.011
1.194
14.186
1.043
F :
Corr
1.000
0.962
0.996
0.985
0.988
0.990
0.999
0.994
0.992
0.975
0.974
0.999
0.973
Tot
Corr
1.217
1.147
1.181
1.523
1.591
1.855
4.548
1.404
2.346
1.188
1.234
12.071
1.195
Modes
Elnint.
Ekmit.
Eliiiiit.
Elnn.it.
Elnint.
Elimit.
Ekmit.
Elniiit.
Elmnt.
Elnuit.
Elnint.
Elnint.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Tank 4 round bone, close up of spot next to crack
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatite6d.pgt
Collected: October 30, 2003 12:03:20
Live Time: 637.53
Beam Voltage: 18.53
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
296
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
7.15%
31.00
apatite6d.pgt
FS: 900
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0328
0.0052
0.0493
0.0265
0.0145
0.0169
0.0763
0.0308
0.0005
0.0006
0.0042
0.0322
0.0003
Wt%
4.09
0.62
5.81
3.85
2.22
2.99
43.66
4.27
0.11
0.07
0.50
31.77
0.04
100.00
At%
1.03
0.18
2.39
2.05
1.30
1.83
45.04
2.20
0.08
0.02
0.21
43.66
0.01
100.00
ChiSquared
28.40
2.94
94.00
50.62
50.62
50.62
50.62
50.62
50.62
28.40
94.00
50.62
2.94
47.43
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
BP|G|T|
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
5.0
2.6
24.7
17.9
14.0
15.6
21.8
19.6
4.5
1.2
4.4
8.2
1.5
BKG
(cps)
1.0
1.4
2.4
4.3
4.4
4.4
1.8
3.7
4.1
1.1
2.5
0.8
1.5
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
Net
(cps)
4.0
1.2
22.2
13.6
9.5
11.2
19.9
15.9
0.3
0.1
1.9
2.7
0.1
P:B
Ratio
3.9
0.9
9.3
3.2
2.1
2.5
10.8
4.3
0.1
0.1
0.8
3.5
0.1
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.990
0.977
0.908
0.785
0.877
0.882
0.330
0.801
0.829
0.988
0.883
0.114
0.972
Z
Corr
1.239
1.186
1.064
1.052
1.011
1.034
0.917
1.031
0.997
1.236
1.085
0.871
1.205
A
Corr
1.006
1.030
1.110
1.400
1.531
1.727
6.248
1.356
2.224
1.010
1.151
11.346
1.043
F
Corr
1.000
0.974
0.997
0.987
0.987
0.990
0.999
0.991
0.993
0.983
0.964
0.999
0.981
Tot
Corr
1.247
1.189
1.177
1.453
1.528
1.768
5.726
1.386
2.201
1.227
1.203
9.876
1.234
Modes
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
|P|G|T|
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Uii-reactecl bone sample
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatiteraw1.pgt
Collected: November 06, 2003 12:11:23
Live Time: 136.46
Beam Voltage: 18.42
Count Rate: 1650
Beam Current: 2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
13.95%
31.00
apatiterav/1 .pgt
FS: 1600
0
Cu Zn
I
8
I
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mia
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0009
0.0027
0.1050
0.0677
0.0103
0.0133
0.1150
0.0013
0.0058
0.0009
0.0055
0.0000
0.0000
Wt%
0.11
0.34
12.11
9.00
1.43
2.13
72.84
0.18
1.11
0.12
0.62
0.00
0.00
100.00
At%
0.03
0.11
5.64
5.43
0.95
1.48
85.06
0.11
0.86
0.03
0.30
0.00
0.00
100.00
ChiSquared
1.13
0.88
47.00
26.87
26.87
26.87
26.87
26.87
26.87
1.13
47.00
0.00
0.00
25.66
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
7.5
12.3
249.6
185.8
64.1
72.1
114.8
29.2
44.6
7.9
31.6
0.5
9.5
BKG
(cps)
6.9
9.1
17.5
28.6
30.7
29.1
6.4
25.8
25.9
7.2
19.2
0.7
9.4
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
0.6
3.2
231.5
157.2
33.4
43.0
108.4
3.1
18.7
0.7
12.4
0.0
0.0
P:B
Ratio
0.1
0.4
13.3
5.5
1.1
1.5
17.0
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
0
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mia
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.992
0.983
0.934
0.888
0.840
0.822
0.063
0.877
0.736
0.991
0.916
0.003
0.979
: ;Z •
Corr
1.241
1.186
1.063
1.051
1.011
1.033
0.916
1.030
0.996
1.237
1.084
0.870
1.205
A, :
Corr
1.011
1.046
1.084
1.279
1.398
1.579
6.919
1.404
1.931
1.017
1.115
8.826
1.064
; -F
Corr
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.989
0.979
0.987
1.000
0.984
0.991
1.000
0.930
0.999
0.999
Tot
Corr
1.255
1.239
1.153
1.331
1.383
1.609
6.334
1.423
1.906
1.258
1.124
7.669
1.281
Modes
Elimit.
Elnnit.
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elmiit.
Ehmit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
HP|G|T
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Un-reacted bone sample
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\apatiteraw110OOX.pgt
Collected: November 06, 2003 12:11:23
Live Time: 281.12
Beam Voltage: 18.50
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
501
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
8.49 %
31.00
apatiteraw11000X.pgt
FS: 900
T"
6
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
KRatio
0.0027
0.0065
0.0958
0.0541
0.0223
0.0179
0.1178
0.0098
0.0071
0.0023
0.0077
0.0000
0.0002
Wt%
0.34
0.79
11.13
7.59
3.16
2.92
70.11
1.39
1.37
0.29
0.88
0.00
0.03
100.00
At%
0.10
0.27
5.27
4.65
2.14
2.05
83.11
0.82
1.07
0.09
0.43
0.00
0.01
100.00
ChiSquared
1.03
1.14
18.42
13.83
13.83
13.83
13.83
13.83
13.83
1.03
18.42
0.00
1.14
11.18
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON BAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
2.6
4.9
53.2
41.5
26.6
22.8
40.1
15.2
13.7
2.8
10.5
0.2
3.4
BKG
(cps)
2.2
3.2
6.1
10.3
10.8
9.9
2.1
9.5
8.6
2.4
6.6
0.3
3.3
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
0.4
1.6
46.9
31.2
15.8
12.9
37.9
5.6
5.1
0.4
3.9
0.0
0.1
P:B
Ratio
0.2
0.5
7.7
3.0
1.5
1.3
17.7
0.6
0.6
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mil
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.992
0.983
0.933
0.886
0.839
0.819
0.058
0.876
0.732
0.991
0.916
0.003
0.979
Z
Corr
1.239
1.185
1.062
1.050
1.010
1.032
0.915
1.029
0.995
1.235
1.083
0.869
1.204
A
Corr
1.011
1.042
1.095
1.351
1.432
1.599
6.507
1.399
1.950
1.017
1.125
9.637
1.059
F
Corr
1.000
0.997
0.999
0.989
0.983
0.987
1.000
0.986
0.991
0.999
0.941
0.999
0.997
Tot
Corr
1.253
1.231
1.162
1.404
1.422
1.629
5.952
1.420
1.924
1.255
1.146
8.369
1.271
Modes
Elimit.
Elmiit.
Elimit.
Elnu.it.
Elmiit.
Elmiit.
Eimiit.
Elimit.
Elmnt.
Ekmit.
Elniiit.
Elimit.
Elmiit.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PRINCETON BAMMA-TECH
Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc.
Spectrum Report
Monday, December 01, 2003
Un-reacted bone sample
File: C:\Program Files\PGT\Data\vern\apatiteraw1 .pgt
Collected: November 06, 2003 12:11:23
Live Time: 136.46
Beam Voltage: 18.42
Count Rate:
Beam Current:
1650
2.00
Dead Time:
Takeoff Angle:
13.95%
31.00
apatiterawl.pgt
FS: 1600
0
Cu
-ym.
~T
8
—T~
10
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Cl
Total
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
keV
8.637
6.403
3.691
2.013
1.740
1.487
0.523
2.307
1.254
8.046
3.313
0.277
5.898
2.622
KRatio
0.0009
0.0026
0.1010
0.0662
0.0099
0.0127
0.1184
0.0013
0.0056
0.0009
0.0053
0.0000
0.0000
0.0019
Wt%
0.11
0.32
11.66
8.80
1.37
2.05
73.46
0.18
1.08
0.11
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.26
100.00
At%
0.03
0.11
5.41
5.29
0.91
1.42
85.45
0.10
0.82
0.03
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.13
100.00
GhiSquared
1.13
0.88
47.00
25.47
25.47
25.47
25.47
25.47
25.47
1.13
47.00
0.00
0.00
25.47
25.59
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
PGT
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
s
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Cl
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
ICA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Gross
(cps)
7.5
12.3
249.6
185.8
64.1
72.1
114.8
29.2
44.6
7.9
31.6
0.5
9.5
26.1
BKG
(cps)
6.9
9.1
17.5
28.6
30.7
29.1
6.4
25.8
25.9
7.2
19.2
0.7
9.4
21.6
Overlap
(cps)
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
(cps)
0.6
3.2
231.5
157.2
33.4
43.0
108.4
3.1
18.7
0.7
12.4
0.0
0.0
4.5
P:B
Ratio
0.1
0.4
13.3
5.5
1.1
1.5
17.0
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
Element
Zn
Fe
Ca
P
Si
Al
O
S
Mg
Cu
K
C
Mn
Cl
Line
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
KA1
Det
Eff
0.992
0.983
0.933
0.887
0.840
0.821
0.061
0.877
0.735
0.991
0.916
0.003
0.979
0.880
Z
Corr
1.243
1.188
1.065
1.053
1.012
1.035
0.917
1.032
0.998
1.239
1.086
0.871
1.208
1.083
A
Corr
1.011
1.044
1.085
1.276
1.395
1.579
6.767
1.398
1.934
1.016
1.116
8.903
1.062
1.272
F
Corr
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.989
0.979
0.987
1.000
0.984
0.991
1.000
0.932
0.999
0.999
0.974
Tot
Corr
1.256
1.239
1.155
1.330
1.383
1.613
6.206
1.420
1.913
1.259
1.129
7.749
1.281
1.342
Modes
Elmnt.
Elnint.
Elmnt.
Elnint.
Elmnt.
EllTJllt.
Elmiit.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmiat.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
Elmnt.
PRINCETON GAMMA-TECH, INC. C/N 863 PRINCETON, NJ 08542-0863
TEL: (609)924-7310 • FAX: (609)924-1729 • www.pgt.com
-------
EPA/600/R-06/153
February 2007
Mine Waste Technology Program
Permeable Treatment Wall Effectiveness
Monitoring Project
Nevada Stewart Mine
Appendices A through F
-------
Appendix D
Golder Associates Geochemical Report
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Colder Associates Inc.
18300 NE Union Hill koad, 4uite 200
Redmond, Washington 98052
Telephone: (425) 883 0777
Fax: (425) 882 549
, Golder
Associates
REPORT ON
NEVADA STEWART APATITE TREATMENT SYSTEM GEOCHEMICAL
EVALUATION
NOVEMBER 2002 TO AUGUST 2004
Submitted to:
Lynn McCloslcy
MSB Technology Applications Inc.
P.O. Box 4078
Butte, MT 59701
Submitted by:
Golder Associates Inc.
18300NE Union Hill Road, Suite 200
Redmond, Washington 98052
Distribution:
1 Copy - MSB Technology Applications Inc.
2 Copies - Golder Associates Inc.
November 4, 2004
023-1166.600
lllMIMcrl.dcx:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Project Background 1
1.2 Apatite Treatment System 1
1.3 Performance Monitoring 1
1.3.1 Water Quality Monitoring 1
1.3.2 Bacteriological Characterization 2
1.3.3 Solid Phase Characterization 2
2.0 APATITE TREATMENT THEORY 3
2.1 Lead 3
2.2 Cadmium and Zinc 4
3.0 EVALUATION OF MONITORING RESULTS 5
3.1 Influent and Effluent Chemistry 5
3.1.1 pH 6
3.1.2 Redox Condition 6
3.1.3 Major Ions 7
3.1.4 Metals 7
3.1.5 Nutrients 8
3.1.6 Bacteriological 8
3.2 Retention Basin Water Quality Results 8
3.3 Solid Phase Results 9
3.3.1 Elemental Composition 9
3.3.2 Mineralogical Analysis 10
4.0 GEOCHEMICAL MODELING 11
4.1 Speciation Modeling 11
4.1.1 Iron 11
4.1.2 Calcium and Phosphorus 12
4.1.3 Zinc 12
4.1.4 Manganese 13
4.1.5 Nitrogen 13
4.2 Aqueous/Solid Phase Interaction Modeling 13
4.2.1 Model Approach 13
4.2.2 Model Results 13
5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 15
5.1 Geochemical Modeling 15
5.2 Attenuation Mechanisms 15
5.2.1 Sulfide Mineral Precipitation 15
5.2.2 Phosphate Mineral Precipitation 16
5.2.3 Surface Reactions 16
6.0 REFERENCES 17
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Performance Monitoring Analytical Suite
Table 2 Performance Monitoring Available Data
Table 3 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) Monitoring Results
Table 4 Retention Basin Inflow and Outflow Monitoring Results
Table 5 Solid Metal Results - Correlation Analysis
Table 6 Treatment Tank Saturation Indices
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Nevada Stewart Mine Treatment System Design
Figure 2 Phosphate Mineral Solubility
Figure 3 Treatment Tank Flows
Figure 4 Treatment Tank Alkalinity and pH
Figure 5 Treatment Tank Eh and Dissolved Oxygen
Figure 6 Treatment Tank Sulfate and Sulfide
Figure 7 Treatment Tank Redox Constituents - Average Concentrations in 2003 and 2004
Figure 8 Treatment Tank Dissolved Calcium and Magnesium
Figure 9 Treatment Tank Dissolved Cadmium, Lead and Zinc
Figure 10 Treatment Tank Iron and Manganese
Figure 11 Treatment Tank Dissolved Phosphorus and Ortho-Phosphate
Figure 12 Treatment Tank Ammonia, Nitrate/Nitrite and Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Figure 13 Treatment Tank Total Coliform
Figure 14 Solid Phase Concentrations - Calcium
Figure 15 Solid Phase Concentrations - Cadmium
Figure 16 Solid Phase Concentrations - Iron
Figure 17 Solid Phase Concentrations - Magnesium
Figure 18 Solid Phase Concentrations - Manganese
Figure 19 Solid Phase Concentrations - Lead
Figure 20 Solid Phase Concentrations - Zinc
Figure 21 Solid Phase Concentrations - Normalized Average Solid Phase Concentrations
Figure 22 Treatment Tank Zinc and Manganese Attenuation
Figure 23 Solid Phase Metal Correlations (Fe vs. Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn)
Figure 24 Port 4 Outflow at Low and High Flow Rates
Figure 25 Treatment Tank Effluent Zinc Versus Sulfide
Figure 26 Geochemical Modeling Results - pH and Alkalinity
Figure 27 Geochemical Modeling Results - Calcium and Iron
Figure 28 Geochemical Modeling Results - Sulfate and Sulfide
Figure 29 Geochemical Modeling Results - pe and Manganese
Figure 30 Geochemical Modeling Results - Cd, Pb and Zn
Figure 31 Geochemical Modeling Results - Phosphorus
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Model Input Files
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of geochemical modeling conducted for the Nevada Stewart Mine Site
Permeable Treatment Wall (Apatite II™ Treatment System (ATS)). The reactive medium in the cells
consists of a mixture offish bone (Apatite II™) and gravel.
1.1 Project Background
The Nevada Stewart Mine is an abandoned lead-zinc mine located within the Coeur d'Alene Mining
District, Idaho. Adit discharge from abandoned mine workings is estimated at 50 gallons per minute
(gpm). Prior to installation of the subsurface ATS, adit discharge flowed into Highland Creek. The
primary contaminants in adit discharge are lead, zinc and manganese (Pb, Zn and Mn).
1.2 Apatite Treatment System
The Department of Energy (DOE) constructed the ATS in September 2002. This system is described
in the Quality Assurance Project Plan for the site (MSB Technology Applications Inc., 2003) (Figure
1). The system is designed to treat approximately 40% (~20 gpm) of the adit discharge, which is
captured upon exiting the adit and directed to the treatment system by gravity. The ATS includes the
following components:
• A 1,000-gallon retention-settling basin (Tank 1);
• Three parallel 3,000-gallon treatment tanks (Tanks 2, 3 and 4) filled with a mixture of
Apatite II™ and gravel (approximately 75% to 25% by volume apatite/gravel mix); and,
• An infiltration catch basin.
The remaining adit discharge (-30 gpm) bypasses the treatment system. Untreated water combines
with treated water at the catch basin located downstream of the treatment system adjacent to Highland
Creek. Both treated and untreated water flow under gravity from the catch basin into Highland
Creek.
1.3 Performance Monitoring
1.3.1 Water Quality Monitoring
Monthly performance monitoring of the ATS system was conducted between November 2002 and
August 2004'. Both the treatment system influent (Port 1 and Port A) and the effluent (Ports 2, 3 and
4) are monitored as well as upstream and downstream locations on Highland Creek. The two influent
stations, Port 1 and Port A, are located at the inflow and the outflow of the retention basin,
respectively. Port 1 is sampled at a greater frequency than Port A. Only the influent and effluent
monitoring results are evaluated in this report (i.e., Ports A, 1, 2, 3 and 4).
Two levels of monitoring are conducted, described as baseline and target suites. The analytes
included in each suite are summarized in Table 1. Table 2 summarizes the complete monitoring data
set for 20 sampling events between November 2002 and August 2004.
1 Performance monitoring was not conducted in December 2002, January 2003 and January 2004. Two
sampling events were conducted in April 2004 (April 1 and April 29,2004).
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To enhance tank permeability, air sparging was performed on four occasions: May 29, 2003; October
21, 2003; February 10, 2004 and April 4, 2004. Air sparging was conducted after routine monitoring.
1.3.2 Bacteriological Characterization
Total coliform analysis was conducted as part of the routine analytical suite (Table 1).
A single round of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) enumerations was conducted on samples collected
on September 28, 2004. Samples were collected in 40 mL VOA vials from the inflow (Port 1) and
outflows (Ports 2, 3 and 4) to the treatment system. SRB are a group of anaerobic bacteria which
reduce sulfate to sulfide.
1.3.3 Solid Phase Characterization
Chemical analysis of the reactive medium was performed by Dr. Steve Anderson of Montana Tech of
the University of Montana (Montana Tech). The results of this testing program, as they pertain to
interpretation and validation of geochemical modeling, are discussed in this report. For a complete
discussion of sample collection, analysis and results the reader is referred to Montana Tech's reports
(Anderson and Clary, 2004; Clary, 2004).
The fish bone/gravel mixture was analyzed prior to placement in the tanks, and samples of treatment
tank solids (fish bone plus gravel) were collected during tank operation on July 28, 2003. The
treatment tank solids were collected at surface and from four discrete depths within each of the three
treatment tanks (i.e., 8, 16, 24 and 32 inches below the surface). Samples were analyzed by
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Test Method 3050B for the following constituents: Ca, Cd,
Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. Method 3050B involves digestion of a 1-gram (dry weight) sample with nitric
acid and hydrogen peroxide. The sample fractions subjected to this analysis were biased toward the
fish bone fraction of the samples (as opposed to the gravel fraction). Total metal results are therefore
representative of the composition of the fish bone. Mineralogical analysis (i.e., x-ray diffraction
(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX)) was
also performed by Montana Tech on the solid samples.
In September 2004, a second round of solid-phase sampling was conducted by MSB Technology
Applications Inc. (MSB). Sample collection and analysis protocols (i.e., total metals analysis) were
the same as those employed by Montana Tech during the July 2003 event. The metal results from the
two sampling events are therefore directly comparable.
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2.0 APATITE TREATMENT THEORY
Extensive research has been conducted to identify the mechanisms responsible for metals attenuation
by apatite (e.g., Ma et al., 1993; Ma et al, 1994; Xu and Schwartz, 1994; Chen et al, 1997a).
Possible attenuation mechanisms include mineral precipitation, adsorption and cation substitution.
The objective of the current geochemical modeling study is to obtain a greater understanding of the
mechanisms responsible for metals attenuation at the Nevada Stewart Site. Performance monitoring
data from twenty sampling events (November 2002 and February 2003 through August 2004) were
evaluated. Because a number of constituents were omitted from the February 2003 monitoring suite,
these data were not included in geochemical modeling.
The Nevada Stewart ATS uses Apatite II™ as the reactive medium. Apatite II™ is composed of fish
bone, and therefore hydroxyapatite (nominal formula is Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), a component of the bones
and teeth of vertebrates, is the primary mineral phase.
The specific chemical composition of Apatite II™ is as follows (Wright et al., 2004):
Cai0.xNax(PO4)fi.x(CO3)x(OH)2 (where x is less than 1).
In comparison to end-member hydroxyapatite, Apatite II™ has partial substitution of carbonate ions
for phosphate and sodium for calcium.
Bone is also composed of 30 to 35% organic material (on a diy weight basis), of which the primary
constituent (95%) is collagen (Turek and Lippincott, 1985). Collagen is composed of carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. The nominal chemical composition of collagen can be represented
by C
Research on metals attenuation by apatite has included testing of a variety of apatite minerals
including synthetic hydroxyapatite (Ma et al., 1993; Xu and Schwartz, 1994), natural apatite (Ma et
al, 1993; Chen et al, 1997) and Apatite II™ (Bostick et al., 2000). Mechanisms proposed for lead,
cadmium and zinc attenuation by apatite are discussed below. Manganese attenuation by apatite is
not specifically addressed, as this constituent appears to have received less research focus than Cd, Pb
and Zn.
2.1 Lead
The dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HA) followed by the precipitation of metal phosphates and
carbonates may explain the attenuation of some metals at the Nevada Stewart site. Ma and others
(1993) proposed the following reaction sequence (Equations 1 and 2) to describe lead attenuation by
HA:
Caw(PO,}6(OH}2(s) +14tf %) <-> \OCa2+(aq} + 6H 2PO~ (iiq} + 2H2O(n (Equation 1)
10PZ>2%> + 6H2PO-(afi) + 2H20(n Pbw(POJ6(OH\w +UH\^ (Equation 2)
The dissolution of HA results in a release of phosphorus into solution that reacts with aqueous lead to
form the lead phosphate hydroxypyromorphite (HP). The relative solubilities of HA and HP make
the above reaction sequence possible, HA being the more soluble mineral phase. Modeled HA and
HP solubilities in pure water as a function of pH are shown in Figure 2. As pH increases, the
solubilities of HA and HP decrease. Solution pH is therefore a key factor in the effectiveness of lead
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attenuation by HA. Ma and others (1993) noted that for optimal lead removal, solution pH must be
low enough to dissolve HA, yet high enough to maintain a low solubility of HP, thereby keeping
aqueous lead concentrations low.
Subsequent work by Ma and others (1994) investigated the effects of anions in solution, specifically
nitrate (NO3'), chloride (Cl"), fluoride (F-), sulfate (SO42") and carbonate (CO32~), on HA-lead
interactions. In the presence of nitrate, sulfate and carbonate, HP was observed to form; however, in
chloride and fluoride-dominated systems, chloropyromorphite (CP) [Pbn^PO^Cy and
fluoropyromorphite [Pb^PO^Fa] precipitated, respectively. The solubility of CP relative to HA and
HP is shown in Figure 2.
Research by Xu and Schwartz (1994) supports the work of Ma and others. These authors also noted
the formation of HP [Pb5(PO4)3OH] in chloride-free systems and CP when chloride was present. HP
precipitation was observed to be isolated from the HA grains, whereas CP precipitated onto the HA
grains. The coating of HA grains by CP is relevant with respect to the long-term dissolution and
effectiveness of lead attenuation by HA. These reactions were kinetically fast (on the order of
minutes), with the dissolution of HA being the rate-limiting step.
2,2 Cadmium and Zinc
Chen and others (1997b) studied reaction of cadmium and zinc solutions with apatite from a
sedimentary phosphate rock deposit. Precipitation of otavite [CdCO3] was observed, the carbonate
being supplied by the carbonate-bearing apatite. No other cadmium or zinc mineral phases were
identified; however, the possibility of other amorphous or crystalline phases (for example Cd and Zn
phosphates) was not entirely dismissed. In addition to precipitation of otavite, cadmium and zinc
attenuation was attributed to surface adsorption.
Ma and others (1994) studied the effects of competing metal ions, including cadmium and zinc, on
lead-HA reactions. Adsorption onto HA and precipitation of amorphous to poorly crystalline phases
were proposed for the observed attenuation of cadmium and zinc. A pale yellow solid was observed
following reaction of HA with lead and cadmium.
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3.0 EVALUATION OF MONITORING RESULTS
3.1 Influent and Effluent Chemistry
The three main contaminants in Nevada Stewart adit discharge are lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and
manganese (Mn). Inflow and outflow concentrations over the period of monitoring are summarized
below:
Constituent
(Dissolved Phase)
Lead (Pb)
Manganese (Mn)
Zinc (Zn)
Inflow
(Port 1)
0.54 to 2.1 u,g/L
0.5 to 0.7 mg/L
5.5 to 8.0 mg/L
Outflow
(Ports 2, 3 and 4)
0.54 to 2.1 ug/L
0.07 to 0.6 mg/L
<0.005to6.1 mg/L
Observed absolute reductions in zinc concentrations are higher than for lead and manganese. Lead
enters the ATS at the part per billion (ppb) level, whereas zinc concentrations in inflow waters are
higher at part per million (ppm) levels. Manganese inflow concentrations are intermediate to lead and
zinc.
Monitoring results are shown in Figures 3 through 132. Measured inflow (Port 1) to the ATS (Figure
3) has ranged from approximately 5 to 30 gallons per minute (gpm), with peak flows being recorded
in the late spring 2003 (May 2003). In February 2003, cleaning of the influent and effluent lines was
required to maintain flow.
The inflow is distributed unequally between the three treatment tanks (Figure 3). Since March 2003,
Port 4 has generally recorded the least outflow, ranging from less than 5% to approximately 30% of
the total outflow. Between March 2003 and April 2004, with the exception of three months, Port 3
recorded the highest outflow, accounting for up to 79% of the total flow. Between June and August
2003, peak outflows were measured at Port 2. During the last four months of monitoring (May to
August 2004), Port 2 also recorded the highest outflows, generally accounting for greater than 50% of
the total outflow.
In summary, the apatite treatment system generally results in the following changes to adit water
chemistry:
• Change from oxidizing to reducing (or less oxidizing) conditions;
• Reduction in trace metal concentrations (Cd and Zn);
• Reduction in iron and manganese;
• Small increase in calcium concentrations;
• Increase in sulfide concentrations;
• Increase in nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorus); and,
• Increase in total coliform concentrations.
2 Water quality monitoring was conducted twice in April 2004 (i.e., April 1 and 29). The April 29,2004
results are not shown in Figures 3 through 13 due to the use of a monthly time step in for all graphs.
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3.1.1 pJH
In general, very little change in pH is observed between the influent and effluent (Figure 4). Inflow
pH between November 2002 and May 2003 exhibited little variability, ranging from 6.6 to 7.0.
Between May and August 2003, inflow pH demonstrated a decreasing trend, from near neutral (6.6)
to slightly acidic (5.3). Influent pH increased throughout the Fall of 2003 remaining stable over the
winter months at levels comparable to the winter of 2002 (i.e., pH values from 6.1 to 6.7). In 2004,
pH reached a minimum in April/May, reporting levels slightly below 6.
The pH of the effluent is very stable, typically ranging from approximately 6 to 7. During a single
sampling event (February 2003), the pH of Port 4 was alkaline at 8.0. The alkaline condition at Port 4
in February 2003 appears to have been an isolated occurrence. Effluent pH values from
April 29, 2004 and May 25, 2004 were also anomalous in comparison to the historical record. On
April 29, 2004, all outflows reported pH values lower than the inflow pH of 5.7. Outflow pH values
ranged from 5.3 to 5.5. On May 25, 2004, Ports 2 and 3 reported outflow pH values slightly lower
then the inflow of 5.8.
The alkalinity of effluent waters is also generally similar to alkalinity in the influent (Figure 4). The
greatest differences in inflow and outflow alkalinity were observed in November 2002. Port 4
typically records higher alkalinity (up to approximately 30 mg/L) than Ports 2 and 3. The greatest
differences in outflow alkalinity between Port 4 and Ports 2 and 3 were observed during the early
stages of monitoring (March to October 2003) and in the final stages of monitoring (May to
August 2004).
3.1.2 Redox Condition
Adit water inflow to the treatment tanks is slightly oxidized, as indicated by positive Eh values
(ranging from 160 to 320 mV) and the presence of dissolved oxygen (6 to 11 mg/L) (Figure 5). Low
levels of ammonia (up to 0.2 mg/L) and sulfide (typically less than 0.5 mg/L) have been recorded at
Port 1. Ammonia and sulfide are reduced nitrogen and sulfur species, respectively.
The Eh of the outflow waters during the first year of monitoring indicates a change toward more
reducing conditions, ranging from -90 to 230 mV. A decline in dissolved oxygen and increases in
ammonia and sulfide concentrations are also indicative of more reducing conditions within the
treatment tank in comparison to the influent. Since November 2003, differences between influent and
effluent Eh have generally been smaller, and in some months effluent Eh values have been higher
than influent Eh. Port 4 in the final stages on monitoring is an exception, reporting lower Eh values
than both the influent and Ports 2 and 3. Over the period of monitoring, a general decline in effluent
sulfide concentrations has also been observed. Sparging does not appear to affect effluent Eh values,
that is to say, an increase in Eh is not consistently observed following sparging events.
Comparison of the three outflow water qualities indicates variability in the redox condition between
tanks. Although all tank outflows show a decline in dissolved oxygen relative to the inflow, since
May 2003, greater reductions in dissolved oxygen have typically been observed in Ports 2 and 4 than
in Port 3 (Figure 5). Throughout 2003, Port 4 consistently recorded the highest sulfide concentrations
(Figure 6). On the basis of sulfide, Port 4 would be characterized as the most reducing tank
throughout 2003. Higher alkalinity in Port 4 outflow during the first year of monitoring, as
mentioned earlier, is consistent with more reducing conditions in this tank. The 2004 outflow
monitoring results between February and April 2004 show relatively low sulfide concentrations for all
tanks ranging from below detectable limits (<0.5 mg/L) to 2 mg/L. Since May 2004, sulfide levels in
Port 4 have increased, consistent with declines in Eh values.
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Differences in outflow iron and manganese concentrations, other redox species, also suggest
variability in redox conditions. Declines in dissolved iron and manganese are observed at all
outflows; however, the magnitude of these declines is variable. Dissolved iron and manganese
concentrations are generally higher in Port 3 than Ports 2 and 4, indicating a lesser degree of
attenuation.
Figure 7 shows average redox species concentrations for all Ports calculated for three time periods:
May through December 2003, February through April 2004 and May through August 2004. This
figure illustrates that as mentioned above, throughout 2003 Port 4 was the most reducing reporting the
lowest average dissolved oxygen and highest sulfide and ammonia concentrations. Data for Ports 2
and 3 indicated more oxidized environments. Port 4 average sulfide and ammonia concentrations in
early 2004 were similar to those in Port 2, suggesting less variability in redox conditions between
these tanks. A shift to less reducing conditions in the tanks over time would be consistent with the
degradation and depletion of organic material through time. The most recent data for Port 4 show a
shift back toward more reducing conditions in this tank,
8KB results from September 2004 also indicate variable redox conditions between tanks (Table 3).
Port 4 reported the highest SRB concentrations in September 2004 (45 to 78 MPN/mL3). Port 2
reported an SRB concentration less than half that reported for Port 4. SRB were below detectable
limits at the inflow (Port 1) and Port 3 outlfow. SRB concentration trends between Ports were
consistent with trends in sulfide data from the August 2004 sampling event.
3.1.3 Major Ions
Calcium, magnesium and sulfate are included in the target analyte suite. Calcium concentrations in
the influent are relatively stable, ranging from 83 to 103 mg/L. Effluent waters report slightly higher
calcium concentrations, up to 111 mg/L (Figure 8). Monitoring results show little difference between
influent and effluent magnesium concentrations on a monthly basis (typically less than 1 mg/L). The
observed declines in sulfate concentrations between the influent and effluent (Figure 6) generally
correlate with increases in sulfide concentrations. On a monthly basis, the sample Port that reports
the greatest decline in sulfate, typically records the highest sulfide concentration (Figure 6).
3.1.4 Metals
The treatment tank appears to effectively attenuate zinc (Figure 9). Since March 2003, Port 4 has
demonstrated the greatest removal efficiency (i.e., reports the lowest outflow zinc concentrations).
Between March and November 2003, dissolved zinc concentrations were reduced from ppm levels to
less than 15 ppb. Between November 2003 and April 2004, Port 4 effluent zinc concentrations
gradually increased, coincident with a change to more oxidizing conditions (i.e., a reduction in
effluent sulfide concentrations). A return to more reducing conditions in the final months of
monitoring (i.e., an increase in sulfide concentrations) has resulted in a decline in effluent zinc
concentrations. The effectiveness of zinc removal at Port 2 has decreased though time. Zinc in this
treatment tank during the early stages of monitoring was reduced to the 10s of ppb level. Since May
2003, Port 2 zinc concentrations have ranged from 0.5 to 5 mg/L. Port 3 shows the least zinc
attenuation, with outflow zinc concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 mg/L since February 2003.
A decline in cadmium concentrations is also observed; however, influent dissolved cadmium
concentrations are very low (< 1 ppb) resulting in very small absolute reductions in concentration
1 Most Probable Number per milliliter (MPN/mL)
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(Figure 9). Influent cadmium concentrations appear to vary seasonally, with peak concentrations
measured in the winter and minimum concentrations measured in the summer.
No significant differences in dissolved lead concentrations are observed between inflow and outflow
concentrations (Figure 9). On some dates (e.g., March, April, June and July 2003) the effluent Ports
report slightly higher lead concentrations than the influent. Similar to cadmium, influent dissolved
lead concentrations are very low (less than 3 ppb).
Attenuation of iron and manganese within the ATS is observed as well (Figure 10). Influent iron
concentrations have ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 mg/L. As noted earlier, the three tanks show varying
degrees of iron attenuation. Outflow iron concentrations range from below detectable limits
(<0.01 mg/L) to 0.6 mg/L. Manganese in the influent is stable at 0.6 to 0.7 mg/L. Manganese in the
effluent ranges from 0.1 to 0.6 mg/L.
3.1.5 Nutrients
Characteristic of apatite treatment systems, an increase in phosphorus concentrations is observed in
the outflow (Figure 11). Total nitrogen in outflow waters is higher than in the inflow, indicating
nitrogen release from the treatment medium (Figure 12). Collagen is considered the most likely
nitrogen source. The highest nitrogen concentrations were reported in November 2002. In this
month, ammonia was the dominant nitrogen species in all effluent waters. Between November 2002
and April 2003, the dominance of nitrate increased in all tanks. Since April 2003, ammonia has been
the dominant nitrogen species in Port 4. The dominant nitrogen species in Ports 2 and 3 alternates
between nitrate to ammonia. Ammonia currently dominates in all tanks.
3.1.6 Bacteriological
Inflow and outflow (typically measured at Port 4 only) total coliform concentrations are shown in
Figure 13. Inflow total coliform concentrations have typically ranged from below detectable limits
(< 1 per 100 mL) to less than 10 per 100 mL. The July 2004 influent total coliform concentration was
anomalously high at 140 per 100 mL. An increase in total coliform is generally observed between the
inflow and outflow (only three sampling events have reported a decline in total coliform). Peak
outflow total coliform was measured in June 2003 at 467 per 100 mL4. Port 4 total coliform levels
have generally declined over the period of monitoring.
The results of a single round of SRB enumerations are shown in Table 3. These results were
discussed in Section 3.1.2.
3.2 Retention Basin Water Quality Results
Port 1 and Port A are located at the inflow and the outflow of the retention basin, respectively (Figure
1). Port A was sampled during three monitoring events: April 2003, October 2003 and August 2004.
Port A and Port 1 water quality results for these dates are presented in Table 45.
The retention basin outflow quality (Port A) is similar to the inflow (Port 1). Very little change is
observed in pH (< 0.2 pH units) and conductivity between the inflow and outflow (<5 (aS/cm).
4 In March 2003, April 2003 and July 2004 Port 4 total coliform was reported by the analytical
laboratory as "too numerous to count" (TNTC).
5 Parameters measured in both Port A and Port 1 shown. Only dissolved metal concentrations are
shown.
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A slight decline in iron concentrations was consistently observed on all dates, possibly due to the
precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides. Small declines in zinc concentrations were observed on two out
of three dates. These results indicate that the retention basin results in only minor changes to the
dissolved phase inflow chemistry to the three apatite treatment tanks.
3.3 Solid Phase Results
3.3.1 Elemental Composition
Solid phase chemistry results are shown in Figures 14 through 20. These graphs show both measured
and calculated average concentrations for the raw Apatite II™ treatment medium (fish bone) and
samples collected from the active treatment tanks in July 2003 and September 2004. Average
treatment tank concentrations normalized to the raw fish bone concentrations are shown in Figure 21.
Solid phase cadmium, iron, manganese, and zinc concentrations are higher in the treatment tank in
comparison to the raw fish bone samples, indicating retention of these constituents within the
treatment tank (Figure 21). These results were expected based on the observed reduction in aqueous
phase concentrations between the inflow and outflow.
Although little change is observed between inflow and outflow aqueous lead concentrations (Figure
9), the solid phase results indicate retention of lead within the treatment tank (Figures 19 and 21).
The raw fish bone has an average magnesium content of 0.32 wt. % (Figure 17). The average
magnesium content of the treatment tank samples declined from 0.25 wt. % in July 2003 to 0.12 wt.
% in September 2004. The observed decrease in solid phase magnesium concentrations indicates
dissolution of a magnesium-bearing phase within the treatment tank, most likely the fish bone.
Release of magnesium has also been observed for the Success apatite treatment system (Colder
Associates, 2003).
The raw fish bone mixture has a calcium content of approximately 20 wt. % (Figure 14). The average
calcium content of samples collected from the three treatment tanks in July 2003 ranged from 20 to
22 wt. %. These results suggested that calcium released by the dissolution of apatite is re-precipitated
(or adsorbed) within the treatment tanks. The September 2004 results show a decline in the average
calcium content of all treatment tanks, ranging from 11 to 13 wt. %. These results indicate release of
calcium from the treatment tank.
The solid phase results further suggest spatial variability in the degree of metals attenuation
throughout the tanks. For example, solid phase cadmium, iron, manganese and lead concentrations
all peaked at a depth of 8 inches within treatment tank 3 in July 2003. In September 2004, a distinct
peak in these same constituents was observed at surface in tank 2. Spatial variability in the degree of
attenuation throughout the tanks likely results from both chemical variability (e.g., spatial variability
in redox conditions) as well as physical variability (e.g., preferential flow paths). Due to the small
mass of sample generally subjected to total metals analysis (on the order of a few grams), observed
peaks in trace metal concentrations may simply represent a micro-environment within the treatment
tank. For this reason, an evaluation of average solids concentrations is likely more indicative of
overall conditions and trends within the treatment tanks.
In Section 3.1.4 it was noted that Port 4 generally reports the lowest effluent zinc concentrations. The
solid phase zinc results, however, show little variability in the average solid phase zinc contents of the
treatment tanks. This is supported by the similarity in average monthly reduction in loading. Figure
22 shows zinc attenuation (g/day) calculated from monthly monitoring results. This evaluation shows
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similar average zinc attenuation rates for all tanks. The solid phase manganese contents of the
September 2004 (Figure 18) samples show the same trend as the average monthly loading rates
(Figure 22). It should be noted, however, that the shallow samples collected in tanks 2 and 3 have
likely biased the average manganese contents of these tanks.
Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between metals within the
treatment tank solids. Constituent correlations may provide insight into the identification of
attenuation mechanisms within the tanks. Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or
more variables. The degree of correlation between two variables is represented by the correlation
coefficient (r), which ranges in value from -1.0 to +1.0. A value of+1.0 indicates a perfect positive
linear correlation, whereas a value of -1.0 is indicative of a perfect negative correlation. A positive
correlation indicates that high values of one constituent occur with high values of another constituent
(or conversely, that low values occur with low values). A negative correlation indicates that high
values of a constituent occur with low values of another constituent. A value of 0 is indicative of no
correlation between two variables. Once the possibility of a correlation between two variables is
identified by a correlation coefficient close to 1 (or -1 for a negative correlation), the strength of this
correlation should be checked with a scatter plot.
The September 2003 and July 2004 data sets were combined for correlation analysis. Correlation
results for the treatment tank solids (30 samples) are shown in Table 5. Correlation results indicate a
strong positive correlation between iron and lead (r = 0.92), cadmium (r = 0.87) and manganese
(r = 0.98). Scatter plots of iron versus lead, manganese and cadmium (Figure 23) confirm a strong
linear relationship. Positive correlations are also observed between manganese and cadmium
(r = 0.90), manganese and lead (r = 0.87) and cadmium and lead (r = 0.74). These results suggest that
these constituents (i.e., Mn, Fe, Cd and Pb) are attenuated under the same geochemical conditions.
Based on the combined data (Table 5), zinc shows a poor correlation with iron (r = 0.16), cadmium
(r = 0.27), manganese (r = 0.14) and lead (r = 0.24) suggesting that the attenuation mechanism for
zinc is distinct from that for the other constituents. This lack of correlation is also observed in the
zinc vs. iron scatter graph in Figure 23.
3.3.2 Mineralogical Analysis
Montana Tech used both XRD and SEM/EDX techniques to evaluate the mineralogy of the raw fish
bone and treatment tank samples. XRD will identify crystalline phases present in a sample above the
method's quantitation limit, generally a few percent. Poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite was the only
phase identified by XRD in the treatment tank solids samples (Clary, 2004).
SEM/EDX analysis of the solids from all treatment tanks showed high zinc concentrations in
association with high sulfide. Zinc sulfide crystals were identified in samples from treatment tank 4.
The exact nature of the zinc sulfide crystals (e.g., sphalerite, wurtzite) was not determined.
Identification of cadmium and lead phases was hindered by the relatively low concentrations of these
metals (Clary, 2004).
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4.0 GEOCHEMICAL MODELING
Geochemical modeling was conducted to identify possible reaction mechanisms responsible for
changes in observed constituent concentrations. The geochemical model used in this study was
PHREEQC Version 2.7 (Parkhurst and Appelo, 1999), an equilibrium speciation and mass-transfer
code developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). This model has the ability to
simulate mixing of waters, precipitation/dissolution of selected solids, redox reactions, atmospheric
interaction, and adsorption of metals onto iron oxides. The MINTEQA2 thermodynamic database
was selected for this project because it is considered by many in the geochemical and regulatory
communities to be the most accurate geochemical database currently available. The fast reaction
kinetics of hydroxyapatite dissolution (Xu and Schwartz, 1994) supports the application of an
equilibrium model.
4.1 Speciation Modeling
Speciation modeling was conducted for all monitoring results for which a comprehensive chemical
analysis was available (i.e., major ions and trace metals). Speciation modeling was therefore
conducted at the following monitoring locations: Nevada Stewart Adit, ATS inflow (Port 1) and ATS
outflows (Ports 2, 3 and 4). The limited analytical suite for Port A precluded its inclusion in
geochemical modeling.
Speciation modeling was conducted with an emphasis on the following constituents for which the
greatest changes (increase or decline) are observed:
Net Increase in Concentration
(Treatment Tank = Source)
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Nitrogen (N)
Net Decline in Concentration
(Treatment Tank = Sink)
Iron (Fe)
Manganese (Mn)
Zinc (Zn)
To evaluate possible controlling mineral phases, inflow and outflow water chemistries were speciated
and saturation indices evaluated. Concentrations of constituents reported as below detectable limits
were assumed equal to the detection limit. The potential for mineral precipitation was assessed using
the saturation index (SI) calculated according to Equation 3.
SI = log (IAP/Ksp) (Equation 3)
The saturation index is the ratio of the ion activity product (IAP) of a mineral and the solubility
product (Ksp). An SI greater than zero indicates that the water is supersaturated with respect to a
particular mineral phase and therefore mineral precipitation may occur. Conversely, an SI less than
zero suggests a propensity for a particular mineral to dissolve. Supersaturated mineral phases were
identified and evaluated for their likelihood to precipitate from the solution. Saturation indices are
presented in Table 6. Bolded and shaded tanks indicate near-saturation conditions, with near-
saturation defined as -0.5 < SI > +0.5. This range was used to account for uncertainties in the
thermodynamic database, as well as uncertainties inherent to collection and analysis of water samples.
4.1.1 Iron
SI values in treatment tank inflow water often indicate near-saturated conditions with respect to
ferrihydrite [Fe(OH)3]. Precipitation of ferrihydrite is consistent with observations of iron staining at
the adit exit. Iron staining has also been observed on occasion at the outlet weirs, typically during
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periods of higher flow. Figure 24 shows the Port 4 outflow at two flow rates. Iron staining is
observed in the photo at higher flow (photo 2). This photo was taken during a tracer experiment,
which explains the blue color of the water in this photo. Outflow waters are, however, generally
modeled to be undersaturated with respect to ferrihydrite. This apparent inconsistency may be
indicative of redox disequilibrium. Whereas sulfide persists for some time due to slow oxidation
kinetics as the reduced water equilibrates with the atmosphere upon exiting the treatment tank, iron
responds more rapidly and forms a ferrihydrite precipitate. Resulting redox measurements, which are
indicative of reducing conditions, represent a mixed potential (i.e. the presence of multiple redox
couples) apparently dominated by the sulfide species.
Due to variability in redox potential between tanks and through time, ferrihydrite precipitation may be
occurring at times in some tanks, particularly tanks 2 and 3. Table 6 shows periods of equilibrium
with respect to ferrihydrite in tanks 2 and 3.
Precipitation of an iron sulfide may also be responsible for the observed decline in iron concentrations
between the inflow and the outflow. Equilibrium with respect to an iron sulfide is observed during
many monitoring events at Port 4 and during the early stages of monitoring at Port 2. Pyrite [FeS2] is
supersaturated in all modeled solutions due to the presence of detectable dissolved sulfide.
Equilibrium with the iron phosphate strengite [FePO4:2H2O] is predicted at times within all tanks.
Vivianite [Fe3(PO4)2:8H2O] is modeled to be undersaturated in the outflow. Strengite and vivianite
have been proposed of controls on phosphate concentrations downstream of septic systems (Zanini
et al., 1998; Carodona, 2000). Precipitation of a pure iron phosphate may therefore be a control on
iron concentrations; however, iron substitution within a calcium phosphate phase (e.g., HA) also may
occur.
4.1.2 Calcium and Phosphorus
Treatment tank inflow waters are modeled to be near-saturation to saturated with respect to HA
during the early stages of monitoring. Since June 2003, SI values for HA have typically indicated
undersaturated conditions. Outflow waters are generally supersaturated with respect to HA,
indicative of dissolution of this mineral within the treatment tank. Bostick and others (2000) note that
Apatite II™ is more soluble than crystalline hydroxyapatite, consistent with the model's prediction of
supersaturation with respect to HA. Observed increases in aqueous calcium and phosphorus are
consistent with dissolution of HA.
4.1.3 Zinc
Outflow waters are undersaturated with respect to zinc carbonate, hydroxide, sulfate and phosphate
minerals included in the MINTEQA2 database. Equilibrium with respect to the zinc sulfide wurtzite
[ZnS] is predicted in Port 2 and 4 waters on occasion, suggesting a control on zinc concentrations
through mineral precipitation. Its polymorph sphalerite [ZnS] is modeled to be supersaturated in both
inflow and outflow waters due to the presence of detectable dissolved sulfide in both. Mineralogical
analysis by Montana Tech has identified zinc sulfide as a secondary mineral phase (Clary, 2004). A
plot of effluent zinc versus sulfide shows lower zinc concentrations in association with higher sulfide,
consistent with greater zinc attenuation under reducing conditions (Figure 25 - note the logarithmic
scale on the ordinate).
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4.1.4 Manganese
Attenuation of manganese within the treatment tank may be attributed to the precipitation of a
manganese phosphate; however, further evaluation is required to establish if MnHPO4 is indeed a
credible secondary mineral phase. Adsorption onto ferrihydrite within the retention-settling basin
may also account for manganese attenuation. Within the apatite treatment tanks where conditions are
more reducing, adsorption onto ferrihydrite is considered an unlikely mechanism for manganese
removal.
4.1.5 Nitrogen
As mentioned earlier, nitrogen release from the treatment tank is likely attributed to collagen.
Attenuation of nitrogen by mineral precipitation is considered unlikely.
4.2 Aqueous/Solid Phase Interaction Modeling
The second phase of the geochemical modeling effort involved simulation of interactions between the
solid and aqueous phase. Possible controlling mineral phases identified during speciation modeling
were equilibrated with inflow water quality. The goal of this modeling was to assess the model's
ability to predict outflow water quality using the standard thermodynamic database.
4.2.1 Model Approach
For selected sampling dates, the inflow chemistry (Port 1) was equilibrated with selected
geochemically-credible solid phases. The resultant chemistry was then compared to measured
outflow water qualities (Ports 2, 3 and 4). Specifically, the following stepwise approach was
followed:
1. Settling Pond - Port 1 water quality was equilibrated with ferrihydrite. If ferrihydrite
precipitated, adsorption of metals onto this mineral phase was simulated.
2. Treatment Tank - Outflow water quality from Step 1 was equilibrated with hydroxyapatite
[Ca5(P04)3OH]. Collagen was added to solution based on the amount of nitrogen released
from the treatment tank calculated as the difference between inflow and outflow total
nitrogen concentrations. The following credible mineral phases were allowed to precipitate if
supersaturated: MnHPO4, calcite [CaCO3], gypsum [CaSO4'2H2O], galena [PbS], sphalerite
[ZnS], wurtzite [ZnS] and greenockite [CdS].
3. Comparison - Predicted outflow water quality was compared to inflow water quality.
The model does not simulate adsorption of metals onto hydroxyapatite. Only adsorption onto freshly
precipitated ferrihydrite is considered. Biological reactions within the treatment tank are also not
represented in the modeled system.
4.2.2 Model Results
Comparisons of measured and simulated treatment tank water qualities for the April 2003 data set are
provided in Figures 26 through 31. Measured concentrations are shown in black and modeled
concentrations in grey. Port 1 measured water quality is representative of the water entering the
settling pond (Tank 1). Port 1 outflow water quality is the predicted water quality following
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equilibration with ferrihydrite and metal adsorption onto this phase. These water qualities are
therefore not directly comparable.
The model simulation predicts precipitation of ferrihydrite within the settling tank (Figure 27). This
results in a decline in aqueous iron concentrations to values below those measured in treatment tank
outflows suggesting possible over prediction of ferrihydrite precipitation by the model. Adsorption of
zinc, lead, calcium, phosphate, sulfate, manganese and cadmium onto the freshly precipitated
ferrihydrite is predicted as well. Reductions in concentration for all constituents through adsorption
are predicted to be small ranging from less than 1 ppb (e.g., Cd and Pb) to 10s of ppb (e.g., Zn).
Precipitation of MnHPO4 and cadmium, lead and zinc sulfides is predicted within the treatment tanks
(Figures 29 and 30). For all four constituents (i.e. Mn, Cd, Pb and Zn), the model over-predicts the
degree of attenuation within the treatment tank. Discrepancies between modeled and measured
concentrations may be attributed to any one or a combination of the following:
1. The model simulation assumes equilibrium conditions and therefore does not account for the
kinetics of precipitation reactions, which may result in slower formation of mineral
precipitates.
2. The model assumes precipitation of pure mineral phases. In reality, most mineral phases
formed will contain significant amounts of impurities. The presence of such impurities
affects the thermodynamic properties and solubility characteristics of the minerals.
3. Incorrect identification of controlling mineral phases and/or a lack of thermodynamic
information on minerals present in the tanks.
Good agreement is observed between the measured and modeled pH and redox conditions within the
treatment tanks (Figures 26 and 29). The model accurately simulates the observed increases in
alkalinity between inflow and outflow waters. This increase in alkalinity is attributed to the
dissolution of hydroxyapatite. Underprediction of outflow total phosphorus (Figure 31) may be
attributed to an underestimation of the amount of hydroxyapatite that dissolves or due to
overestimation of the precipitation of MnHPO4.
Simulated release of collagen from the treatment medium results in a change from oxidizing to
reducing conditions. The model therefore reasonably simulates the distribution of sulfur between
sulfate and sulfide (Figure 28). The model returns lower pe values for the treatment tanks than those
recorded in the field. The occurrence of both nitrate/nitrite and sulfide in treatment tank outflows
suggests a state of redox dis-equilibrium within the tanks. The ability to simulate a change from
oxidizing to more reducing conditions, as observed in the field, is considered more important than
obtaining an exact match between measured and modeled pe values.
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5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
5,1 Geochemical Modeling
An extensive geochemical data set is available for the Nevada Stewart ATS. This system effectively
attenuates cadmium, lead, zinc, iron and manganese as evidenced by decreases in aqueous phase
concentrations between the inflow and the outflows and increases in the solid phase concentrations of
these constituents within the treatment tanks.
Geochemical modeling was conducted to identify possible attenuation mechanisms for cadmium,
manganese and zinc at the Nevada Stewart ATS. Speciation modeling was first conducted to assess
the potential for mineral precipitation. Speciation modeling identified manganese phosphate as a
possible control on manganese concentrations. Depending on the redox conditions within each
treatment tank, precipitation of ferrihydrite, iron sulfide or iron phosphate may control iron
concentrations. Supersaturation is observed with respect to a number of metal sulfides (i.e., Cd, Pb
and Zn).
The second phase of geochemical modeling involved simulation of the aqueous and solid phase
interactions within the treatment tanks. These simulations showed good agreement between the
measured and modeled geochemical conditions within the treatment tanks (e.g., pH, redox and
alkalinity). Simulated release of collagen from treatment media resulted in a redox change within the
treatment tanks from oxidizing to reducing conditions, as observed in the field. The chemical
characteristics of the organic component of the reactive medium (tentatively identified and modeled
as collagen) may merit further investigation, as its dissolution appears to have a pronounced effect on
effluent quality. Good agreement was observed between modeled and observed sulfur speciation
within the treatment tank. Simulated precipitation of MnHPO4 and metal sulfides (i.e., CdS, PbS and
ZnS) resulted in an over prediction of metal attenuation by the treatment tank.
Attenuation can likely be attributed to a variety of mechanisms including both mineral precipitation
and surface reactions (e.g., adsorption). The results of geochemical modeling were reviewed in the
context of the entire data set (i.e., solid phase analysis and mineralogy) and experience at other sites
to identify the most likely attenuation mechanisms.
5.2 Attenuation Mechanisms
5.2.1 Sulfide Mineral Precipitation
Precipitation of zinc sulfide is likely the dominant mechanism for zinc attenuation within the
treatment tanks. Some iron attenuation within the treatment tanks (in particular tank 4) may also be
attributed to the precipitation of an iron sulfide. The treatment of acid mine drainage with permeable
reactive barriers (PRBs) that attenuate metals by sulfide precipitation has proven successful (Benner
et al,, 1997). In such tanks, reducing conditions are created (e.g., through use of organic substrates),
resulting in formation of insoluble metal sulfides. The reducing conditions in the Nevada Stewart
ATS, specifically the presence of hydrogen sulfide, suggest that metal attenuation through sulfide
precipitation may also be occurring at the Nevada Stewart Site. The aqueous chemistry results
support removal of zinc under reducing conditions. The lowest effluent zinc concentrations occur in
association with elevated sulfide concentrations (Figure 25). Mineralogical evaluation, however, is
the best way to conclusively identify controlling secondary mineral phases. Mineralogical analysis
by Montana Tech has confirmed the presence of a zinc sulfide (Clary, 2004).
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Attenuation of cadmium and lead due to sulfide precipitation is inconclusive. Speciation modeling
shows supersaturation with respect to both cadmium and lead sulfide. The relatively low solid phase
concentrations of these metals in the treatment tanks prevented the identification of any Cd/Pb
secondary mineral phases by Montana Tech (Clary, 2004). Correlation analysis results for the
treatment tank elemental concentrations suggest an alternative attenuation mechanism to sulfide
precipitation. If the dominant mechanism for cadmium and lead removal was sulfide precipitation, a
correlation between zinc and these metals would be expected. Although the early solid phase
chemistry results do show a correlation between cadmium and zinc (Figure 23, Table 5), a positive
correlation was not observed for the September 2004 data set. Alternative mechanisms for lead and
cadmium removal are discussed in the next sections.
5.2.2 Phosphate Mineral Precipitation
Speciation modeling identified manganese phosphate as a possible control on manganese
concentrations. Further evaluation is required to establish if MnHPO
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6.0 REFERENCES
Anderson, S. and D. Clary, 2004. Removal of Dissolved Metals from Nevada-Stewart Mine Water
Using Fish Bone Apatite, prepared for MSE-TA, Inc., July 2004.
Benner, S.G., Blowes, D.W., and CJ. Ptacek, 1997. A Full-Scale Porous Reactive Wall for
Prevention of Acid Mine Drainage. Groundwater Monitoring Review, Fall 1997, pp. 99-107.
Bostick, W.D., Stevenson, R.J., Jarabek, R.J., and J.L. Conca, 2000. Use of apatite and bone char for
the removal of soluble radionuclides in authentic and simulated DOE groundwater.
Advances in Environmental Research, 3(4), pp. 488-498.
Carodona, M.E., 2000. Phosphorus Contributions from OSWS,
http://plymouth.ces.state.nc.us/septic/98cardonaphos.html.
Chen, X., Wright, J.V., Conca, J.L., and L.M. Peurrung, 1997. Effects of pH on Heavy Metal
Sorption on Mineral Apatite. Environmental Science and Technology, 31(3), pp. 624-631.
Chen, X., Wright, J.V., Conca, J.L. and L.M. Peurrung. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Remediation
Using Mineral Apatite. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 98, pp. 57 to 58.
Clary, 2004. Determining the Removal Mechanisms of Fishbone Apatite for Cadmium, Lead and
Zinc From the Nevada-Stewart Adit Discharge Water, M.Sc. thesis, Montana Tech of the
University of Montana, Butte, Montana.
Colder Associates Inc., 2003. Final Report on September 2002 to June 2003 Effectiveness
Monitoring Groundwater Treatment Facility Success Mine and Mill Site, Wallace, Idaho.
Submitted to Terragraphics Environmental Engineering Inc.
Lewis, N., and L. McCloskey, 2004. Draft Presentation - Mine Waste Technology Program Activity
III, Project 39, Long-Term Monitoring of a Permeable Treatment Wall, May 2004.
Ma, Q.Y., Traina, T.J., and T.J. Logan, 1993. In Situ Lead Immobilization by Apatite.
Environmental Science and Technology, 27(9), pp. 1803-1810.
Ma, Y.Q., Logan, T.J., and S.J. Traina, 1994. Effects of NO3", Cl", F', SO42" and CO32" on Pb2+
Immobilization by Hydroxyapatite. Environmental Science and Technology, 28(3), pp. 408-
418.
MSB Technology Applications Inc., 2003. Quality Assurance Project Plan - Permeable Treatment
Wall Effectiveness Monitoring, Nevada Stewart Mine Site, Mine Waste Technology Program
Activity III, Project 30. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S.
Department of Energy, May 2003.
Parkhurst, D.L., and C.A.J. Appelo, 1999. User's Guide to PHREEQC (Version 2) - A Computer
Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse
Geochemical Calculations, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report
99-4259, Denver, CO.
Turek, S.L., and J.B. Lippincott, 1985. Orthopaedics: Principals and Applications, 2nd Edition, pp.
113 and 136.
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Wright, Judith, Conca, James L., Rice, Ken R., and Brian Murphy, 2004. PIMS Using Apatite II™:
How It Works To Remediate Soil and Water, in Sustainable Range Management, Eds., R.E.
Hinchee and B. Alleman, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.
Xu, Y and F.W. Schwartz, 1994. Lead immobilization by hydroxyapatite in aqueous solutions.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 15, pp. 187-206.
Zanini, L., Roberston, W.D., Ptacek, C.J., Schiff, S.L., and T. Mayer, 1998. Phosphorus
Characterization in Sediments Impacted by Septic Effluent at Four Sites in Central Canada,
Journal of Contaminant Hydrogoeology, 33, pp. 405-429.
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TABLES
-------
November 2004
TABLE 1
023-1166
Performance Monitoring Analytical Suite
Constituent
Ports 1 to 4
Baseline Target
Port A
Target
Field Parameters
PH
Temperature
Conductivity
ORP/Bh
Dissolved Oxygen
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
General Parameters/Major Ions
Alkalinity
Acidity
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Sulfide
Chloride
Fluoride
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dissolved and Total Metals
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Cadmium
Copper
Manganese
Lead
Zinc
Arsenic
Antimony
Nickel
Beryllium
Chromium
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Nutrients
Total Ammonia
Nitrate
Nitrite
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Dissolved Orthophosphate
Total Phosphorus
Dissolved Total Phosphorus
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bacteriological
Colifortn Bacteria"
X
X
aColifonn bacteria monitored at Port 1 and Port 4.
MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
Golder Associates
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November 2004
TABLE 2
023-1166
Performance Monitoring Available Data
Date
18-Nov-02
26-Feb-03
19-Mar-03
23-Apr-03
29-May-03
19-Jun-03
28-Jul-OS
19-Aug-03
23-Sep-03
21-0ct-03
25-Nov-03
22-Dec-03
12-Feb-04
9-Mar-04
l-Apr-04
29-Apr-04
25-May-04
22-Jun-04
26-M-04
17-Aug-04
Monitoring Location
Portl
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
Port 2
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
Port3
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
Port 4
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B
Port A
T
T
T
Notes
Coliform (fecal) not measured at all stations.
Constituents omitted from analytical suite:
Cd, Pb, P, SO4) S, Acidity, Alkalinity,
Nitrogen (all species), Coliform.
Dissolved oxygen not monitored.
Dissolved oxygen not monitored. Coliform
not measured at all stations. Sulfide holding
times exceeded. Constituents added to Port A
target suite: Cd, Fe and Mg.
Field parameters and Fe, Mn and Zn
monitored at Port A as outlined in QAPP.
Notes:
B - Baseline
T - Target
MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
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November 2004
TABLES
023-1166
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) Monitoring Results
Date
Portl
Port 2
PortS
Port 4
Port 4 (Duplicate)
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
(SRB)
MPN/mL
9/28/2004
<1.8
20
<1.8
78
45
Sulfide
mg/L
8/17/2004
0.5
0.95
0.59
8.6
-
MPN/mL - most probable number per milliltre
MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
Golder Associates
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November 2004
TABLE 4
023-1166
Retention Basin Inflow and Outflow Monitoring Results
23-Apr-03
Port 1 | Port A
21-Oct-03
Portl
Port A
17-Aug-04
Portl
Port A
Field Analysis
pH
Temperature
Conductivity
Eh
Dissolved Oxygen
s.u.
°C
uS/cm
mV
mg/L
6.73
9.98
774
162.2
-
6.70
9.86
773
132.6
-
6.56
9.92
842
175.5
6.50
6.67
9.93
840
177.5
6.21
6.55
10.11
822
288.5
6.85
6.52
10.55
825
296.4
7.95
Laboratory Analysis
Dissolved Metals (mg/L)
Cd
Ca
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Zn
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.53
82.7
0.518
<0.63
38.5
0.647
5.52
0.56
87.2
0.462
1.3
39.8
0.693
5.90
0.46
103
0.758
2.1
44.3
0.64
7.78
-
-
0.642
-
-
0.628
7.67
0.48
103
0.496
1.2
45.1
0.608
8.0
-
-
0.332
-
-
0.577
7.76
Port 1 - Retention Basin Inflow
Port A - Retention Basin Outflow
MSB Data - Nov 2004.xls
Golder Associates
Page 1 of 1
-------
November 2004
TABLE 5
023-1166
Solid Metal Results - Correlation Analysis
Combined Data Set (July 2003 and September 2004) (n=30) ','
Ca
Cd
Fe
Mg
Mn
Pb
Zn
Ca
1
-0.67
-0.53
0.95
-0.58
-0.51
-0.59
Cd
1
0.87
-0.65
0.90
0.74
0.27
Fe
1
-0.43
0.98
0.92
0.16
Mg
1
-0.50
-0.40
-0.68
Mn
1
0.87
0.14
Pb
1
0.24
Zn
1
July 2003 Data Set (n=15)
Ca
Cd
Fe
Mg
Mn
Pb
Zn
Ca
1
0.23
0.07
0.39
0.16
0.04
0.24
Cd
1
0.92
0.02
0.92
0.80
0.82
Fe
1
0.06
0.96
0.88
0.68
Mg
1
-0.11
0.14
-0.06
Mn
1
0.79
0.72
Pb
1
0.66
Zn
1
September 2004 Data Set (n=15)
Ca
Cd
Fe
Mg
Mn
Pb
Zn
Ca
1
-0.74
-0.89
0.84
-0.87
-0.89
-0.04
Cd
1
0.89
-0.75
0.91
0.76
-0.39
Fe
1
-0.82
0.99
0.94
-0.24
Mg
1
-0.82
-0.70
-0.13
Mn
1
0.92
-0.29
Pb
1
-0.24
Zn
1
Correlation coefficient (r) tabulated.
Fishbone Digest Data - Nov 04.xls
Golder Associates
Page 1 of 1
-------
November 2004
TABLE 6
023-1166
Treatment Tank Saturation Indices
Mineral Phase
Date
Charge Balance Error (%)
pH (s.u.)
pe
Calcite
Dolomite
Gypsum
Otavite
Greenockite
Cadmium Hydroxide
CdSO4
CdS04:H20
Cd3(P04)2
Fluorite
Ferrihydrite
Siderite
Melanterite
FeS(ppt)
Pyrite
Vlagnesite
Epsomite
Birnessite
Rhodochrosite
Manganite
Mn3(P04)2
MnHPO4(C)
Anglesite
Cerrusite
Galena
Hydrocerrusite
Cl-Pyromorphile
Hydroxypyromorphite
Pb3(P04)2
PbFIPO4
Hydroxyapatite
Vivianite
FC03 Apatite
Strengite
Amorphous Silica
Sniithsonite
Sphalerite
Wurtzite
Zinc Hydroxide
Goslarite
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
Jarosite-K
Jarosite-Na
Jarosite-H
Amorphous Aluminum
Hydroxide
Aluminum Sulphate
Aluminum Sulphate
Gibbsite
Boehmite
Millerite
Nickel Hydroxide
CaCO3
CaMg(COj)2
CaSO4:2H2O
CdC03
CdS
Cd(OH)2(A)
CdS04
CdS04:H20
Cd3(P04)2
CaF2
Fe(OH)3
FeC03
FeS04:7H20
FeS
FeS2
MgCO3
MgSO4:7H20
Mn02
MnC03
MnOOH
Mn3(P04)2
MnHPO4
PbS04
PbCO3
PbS
Pb(OH)2:2PbCO3
Pb5(P04)3Cl
Pb5(P04)3OH
Pb3(P04)2
PbHP04
Ca5(PO4)3OH
Fe3(P04)2:8H20
Ca9.3KiNao.36Mg0.144(P04)4.8
CO3)ij2F248
FeP04:2H2O
Si02(am)
ZnC03
ZnS
ZnS
Zn(OH)2(G)
ZnS04:7H2O
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
KFe3(S04)2(OH)6
NaFe,(S04)2(OH)6
(HjOiFejfSO^fOH),;
Al(OH)3(am)
A14(OH)10S04
A1OHSO4
A1(OH)3
A100H
NiS
Ni(OH)2
SOURCE
Adit
18-.IuI-02
2.3
6.8
8.4
-0.9
-2.0
-1.1
-3.9
4.5
-12.2
-14.5
-12.7
-25.0
-1.4
2.8
-3.8
-8.0
-4.6
26.3
-1.6
-3.6
-3.8
-1.2
-0.6
-15.5
1.5
-4.2
-2.2
5.9
-9.3
-1.3
-12.2
-7.0
-4.0
0.7
.-11.0
10.7
1.6
lAJiffiPjS
-1.1
6.5
4.5
-2.7
-5.3
-5.6
5.5
3.1
Vv- vO.Q
-1.3
1.5
-3.1
- ' V 0.5
,1^- 0.5
-MV O.i
-3.2
Adit
23-JuI-02
2.1
7.0
3.5
. -0.6
-1.5
-1.2
-3.4
4.8
-11.4
-14.3
-12.5
-23.7
-1.4
1.1
-1.0
-5.5
-1.9
19.3
-1.4
-3.6
-12.9
-1.1
-5.1
-15.1
1.5
-4.3
-2.2
5.7
-8.9
-1.1
-11.9
-6.8
-4.1
1.8
-2.8
12.3
sa ).-oa
Hlf"-o.4
-0.9
6.6
4.6
-2.3
-5.4
-5.0
.. I 0.1
-2.4
-5.6
-1.1
1.2
-3.5
06
0.7
0.1
. -3.1
INFLOW 1
Portl
18-Nov-02
6.2
6.8
3.0
-0.9
-2.0
-1.2
-3 7
4.5
-12.0
-14.4
-12.5
-23.9
-1.4
fiV.. -0,2
-1.2
-5.4
-2.3
17.7
-1.6
-3.6
-14.7
-1.3
-6.2
-15.1
1.7
-4.2
-2.3
5.6
-9.6
-0.8
-11.7
-6.6
-3.8
1.4
-2.8
11.9
-09
\'f * -0.4
-1.0
6.5
4.4
-2.6
-5.2
-4.7
-3.1
-5.5
-8.6
-1.6
^ i 0.4
-3.3
'- ( 0.2
* - 0.2
-0.2
-3.4
Portl
19-Mar-03
-3.2
6.8
4.0
-0.9
-2.0
-1.1
-3.5
5.0
-11.8
-14.2
-12.3
-23.8
0.9
-1.3
-5.5
-2.1
20.2
-1.6
-3.6
-12.4
-1.2
-4.9
-15.4
1.5
-4.4
-2.6
5.7
-10.2
-13.7
-7.8
-4.3
0.8
-3.7
tjsJffWa
-1.0
6.8
4.7
-2.5
-5.2
-5.2
-5.7
Portl
23-Apr-03
-5.4
6.7
2.9
-1.0
-2.2
-1.2
-3.0
4.7
-11.3
-13.5
-11.7
-22.2
tr , -O.S
-1.4
-5.5
-3.0
16.3
-1.7
-3.6
-15.1
-1.3
-6A
-15.7
1.4
-4.5
-2.7
4.8
,10.6
-14.3
-8.2
-4.4
4" V 0.1
-3.9
-1.5
-1.0
5.9
3.9
-2.7
. -5.1
-5.3
-9.4
Portl
29-May-03
-O/
6.6
3.3
-1.1
-2.4
-1.2
-3.1
4.5
-11.6
-13.6
-11.8
-22.2
-,0.4
-1.4
-5.4
-3.0
16.9
-1.8
-3.6
-14.7
-1.4
-6.3
-15.5
1.7
-4.4
-2.7
4.7
-10.8
-13.8
-7.8
-4.1
ffeW $"4
-3.5
-0.9
-1.1
5.8
3.8
-2.9
-5.1
-5.0
-8.6
Port 1
19-Jun-03
1.2
6.1
5.0
-1.5
-3.3
-1.1
-3.7
4.0
-12.7
-13.6
-11.8
-24.7
>< -Q2
-1.9
-5.4
-3.5
19.2
-2 a
-3.6
-13.4
-1.9
-6.1
-17.9
1.0
-3.8
-2.6
4.8
-11.0
-14.8
-8.4
-4.2
-3.6
-5.8
PifSPS$
-1.6
5.3
3.3
-3.8
-5.1
-7.2
-5.9
Port]
28-Jul-03
-0.8
5.4
5.6
-2.3
-4.8
-1.1
-4.4
3.2
-14.1
-13.6
-11.8
-26.8
-1.7
-2.6
-5.4
-4.3
18.9
-3.0
-3.6
-15.1
-2.7
-7.7
-20.2
0.6
-3.6
-3.1
4.2
-13.3
-17.7
-9.9
-4.4
-7.6
-7.9
-0.9
-2.3
4.6
2.5
-5.3
-5.1
-9.4
-7.7
Portl
19-Aug-03
-21.6
5.3
4.0
-2.3
-5.5
-1.1
-5.2
2.9
-14.9
-14.3
-12.5
-29.3
-3.6
-2.7
-5.5
-3.9
16.6
-3.6
-4.1
-18.5
-2.7
-9.5
-20.4
0.5
-4.0
-3.6
4.2
-14.9
-20.4
-11.4
-4.9
-7.9
-8.4
-2.7
-2.4
5.1
3.0
-5.4
-5.0
-9.7
-12.9
Portl
23-Sep-03
-4.3
6.i
4.3
-1.3
-2.8
-1.1
-3.9
4.3
-12.5
-14.1
-12.2
-22.7
cK^'o.o
-1.7
-5.4
-2.8
19.4
-2.0
-3.5
: -13.6
-1.7
-6.0
-14.7
2.3
-4.2
-2.7
5.2
-11.1
-11.5
-6.2
-3.2
1.8
-2.6
0.5
-1.3
6.2
4.1
-3.2
-5.0
-3.8
-6.6
Port]
21-0ct-03
3.1
6.6
3.1
-1.1
-2.4
-1.1
-3.6
4.5
-12.2
-14.0
-12.2
-21.6
-1.4
-0.7
-1.4
-5.3
-2.5
17.3
-1.8
-3.6
-15.3
-1.5
-6.7
-13.7
2.6
-3.8
-2.2
5.7
-9.4
3.0
-8.2
-4.2
-2.6
3.5
-1.4
15.3
«S3t*|fl&
-0.9
-1.1
6.3
4.3
-2.9
-5.0
-2.8
-3.9
-6.3
-9.2
-1.6
0.8
-2.8
'03'
0.2
. -0.2
-3.5
Portl
2S-Nov-03
2.4
6.7
3.0
-1.0
-2.2
-1.1
-3.1
4.5
-11.6
-13.6
-11.8
-22.7
'• ; v -o'J4
-1.2
-5 "
-2.9
16.4
-1.7
-3.6
-15.2
-1.4
-6.5
-16.0
1.4
-4.3
-2.6
4.8
-10.4
-14.0
-8.0
-4.3
-3.5
-1.4
-1.0
5.9
3.9
-2.7
-5.0
-5.2
-8.9
Portl
22-Dec-03
-0.9
6.3
4.1
-1.4
-3.1
-1.1
-3.2
4/
-12.0
-13.3
-11.5
-22.7
-0.6
-1.8
-5.4
-3.4
17.7
-2.2
-3.6
-14.5
-1.8
-6.6
-17.0
1.3
-4.0
-2.7
4.7
-11.2
-14.4
-8.1
-4.1
-2.0
-4.8
-0.8
-1.4
5.5
3.5
-3.5
-5.0
-6.1
-7.9
Portl
10-Fcb-04
1.5
6.2
4.1
-1.5
-3.3
-1.1
-3.5
4.7
-12.4
-13.6
-11.8
-24.5
-0.7
-1.8
-5.4
-2.9
18.7
-2.3
-3.6
-14.7
-1.9
-6.7
-18.0
0.8
-4.2
-2.9
5.1
-11.7
-16.6
-9.5
-4.7
-3.6
-5.7
-1.3
-1.5
6.0
3.9
-3.6
-5.1
-7.2
-8.1
Portl
9-Mar-04
-3.6
6.1
5.2
-1.6
-3.4
-1.1
-3.3
4.4
-12.3
-13.3
-11.4
-23.4
1 l ,-0'.2
-2.2
-5.7
-3.8
19.4
-2.3
-3.6
-12.8
-1.9
-5.8
-17.6
1.1
-3.9
-2.7
4.7
-11.2
-14.9
-8.4
-4.2
-3.3
-6.4
tJagSoa
-1.6
5.4
3.3
-3.8
-5.1
-7.0
-6.1
Portl
l-Apr-04
0.4
6.4
4.8
-1.3
-2.9
-1.1
-3.3
4.4
-12.0
-13.4
-11.6
-23.2
^ , ,^0.2
-2.2
-5.9
-3.8
18.7
-2.1
-3.6
-12.8
-1.7
-5.6
-17.0
1.2
-4.0
-2.6
4.8
-10.6
-14.1
-8.0
-4.2
-2.0
-6.5
-0.7
-1.3
5.6
3.6
-3.3
-5.0
-6.2
-7.0
Port 1
l-May-04
1 -2.8
5.7
4.5
-1.9
-4.1
-1.1
-4.0
3.6
-13.3
-13.5
-11.7
-26.5
-2.0
-2.6
' -5.7
-4.2
17.1
-2.7
-3.6
-15.9
-2.3
-7.8
-20.0
4t^,,^j3
-4.1
-3.4
4.0
-13.6
-20.0
-11.4
-5.2
-6.9
-8.7
-2.2
-1.9
5.0
2.9
-4.5
-5.0
-9.1
-10.0
!
Portl
25-May-04
-9.0
5.8
3.8
-1.9
-4.0
-1.1
-4.4
3.8
-13.6
-14.0
-12.1
-26.0
-2.6
-2.6
-5.7
-3.7
16.9
-2.6
-3.6
-17.0
-2.3
-8.3
-18.4
1.1
-4.0
-3.2
4.7
-13.1
-16.7
-9.3
-4.3
-4.2
-7.1
-2.0
-1.9
5.6
3.5
-4.4
-5.0
-7.3
-12.0
Port 1
22-Jun-04
-7.7
6.8
5.4
-0.9
-2.0
-1.1
-2.8
4.8
-11.1
-13.4
-11.6
-21.8
1.9
-1.7
-5.9
-3.4
20.9
-1.6
-3.5
-9.7
-1.3
-3.6
-15.5
1.5
-4.5
-2.7
4.7
-10.6
-14.4
-8.3
-4.5
0.8
-5.0
0.7
-0.8
6.1
4.0
-2.3
-5.0
-4.6
-2.6
Portl
26-JuI-04
-5.9
6.8
4.5
-0.9
-2.1
-1.0
-2.9
4.7
-11.2
-13.4
-11.6
-22.0
1.3
-1.2
-5.3
-2.9
19.5
-1.6
-3.5
-11.8
-1.3
-4.7
-15.8
1.4
-4.1
-2.4
5.0
-9.6
-12.8
-7.3
-4.1
« , 05
-3.5
' ~ '"0.2
-0.9
6.0
4.0
-2.5
-4.9
-4.8
-3.9
Portl
17-Aug-04
-1.9
6.6
5.1
-1.1
-2.4
-1.0
-3.6
4.5
-12.2
-13.9
-12.1
-24.3
-1.4
1.1
-1.6
-5.5
-2.8
21.1
-1.8
-3.5
-11.4
-1.5
-4.8
-16.5
1.3
-4.0
-2.5
5.4
-10.2
-2.3
-13.5
-7.7
-4.2
-0.7
-4.7
8.7
-v-^0.3
-0.9
-1.1
6.3
4.3
-2.9
-4.9
-5.5
1.5
-0.9
-3.7
-1.6
0.5
-2.8
0.1
* -o;l
* -6.3
-3.6
Note: Bolded and shaded values indicate near-saturation
conditions (SI of-0.5 to 0.5).
MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
Colder Associates
Page 1 of 4
-------
November 2004
023-1166
Treatment Tank Saturation Indices
Mineral Phase
Date
Charge Balance Error (%)
PI-KS.U.)
pe
Calcite
Dolomite
Gypsum
Otavite
Greenockite
Cadmium Hydroxide
CdSO4
CdS04:H20
Cd3(P04)2
Fluorile
Ferrihydrite
Siderite
Melanterite
FeS(ppf)
Pyrite
Magnesite
Epsomite
Birnessite
Rhodocnrosite
Manganite
Mn3(P04)2
MnHPO4(C)
Anglesite
Cerrasite
Galena
Hydrocerrusite
Cl-Pyrornorphite
Hydroxypyromorphite
Pb3(P04)2
PbHP04
Hydroxyapatite
Vivianite
FCO3 Apatite
Strengite
Amorphous Silica
Smithsonite
Sphalerite
Wurtzite
Zinc Hydroxide
Goslarite
Zn3(P04)2:4H2O
Jarosile-K
Jarosite-Na
Jarosite-H
Amorphous Aluminum
lydroxide
Aluminum Sulphate
Aluminum Sulphate
Gibbsile
Boehmite
Millerite
Nickel Hydroxide
CaCO,
CaMg(C03)2
CaSO4:2H2O
CdC03
CdS
Cd(OH),(A)
CdS04
CdSO4:H2O
Cd3(P04)2
CaF2
Fe(OH)3
FeC03
FeSO4:7H20
FeS
FeS2
MgC03
MgSO4:7H20
MnO2
MnC03
MnOOH
Mn3(P04)2
MnHP04
PbS04
PbCOj
PbS
Pb(OH)2:2PbC03
Pb5(P04)3Cl
Pb5(P04)3OH
Pb3(P04)2
PbHP04
Ca5(P04)3OH
Fe3(P04)2:8H20
Ca9.31GNa(,.36Mg0.144(PO4)4.8
(C03)].2F2.4g
FeP04:2H20
SiO2(am)
ZnC03
ZnS
ZnS
Zn(OH)2(G)
ZnS04:7H20
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
KFe3(S04)2(OH),;
NaFe3(S04)2(OH)6
(H30)Fe3(S04)2(OH)6
Al(OH)3(am)
A14(OH)10S04
A1OHSO4
A1(OH)3
A100H
NiS
Ni(OH)2
OUTFLOW
Port 2
18-Nov-02
5.9
6.7
-1.3
-0.9
-2.0
-1.1
-9.8
1.8
-18.3
-20.4
-18.6
-40.7
-1.4
-5.7
-2.2
-6.4
1 '0.1
14.8
-1.6
-3.6
-23.9
-1.5
-11.0
-14.5
2.2
-9.7
-7.8
3.5
-26.0
-25.9
-36.9
-21.5
-8.5
3.4
-4.4
15.4
-5.5
-0.9
-8.9
1.9
••**,* ifl.2
-10.7
-13.1
-27.1
. -19.3
-21.9
-25.0
-1.6
v-"0.4
-3.2
0.2
'i on
3.1
-3.6
Port 2
19-Mar-03
-3.2
6.6
2.6
-1.1
-2.4
-1.1
-10.3
1.5
-18.8
-20.7
-18.8
-41.6
-2.6
-2.8
-6.8
, t -0.4
22.1
-1.8
-3.6
-16.5
-1.7
-7.4
-14.4
2.4
-9.9
-8.2
3.2
-27.4
-38.4
-22.4
-8.6
3.4
-5.7
-2.1
-9.9
1.1
-1.0
-11.7
-13.9
-29.4
-15.0
Port 2
23-Apr-03
-1.6
6.7
1.6
-1.0
-2.2
-1.1
-8.9
2.3
-17.2
-19.4
' -17.6
-37.7
-3.6
-3.2
-7.3
-1.3
18.7
-1.7
-3.6
-17.9
-1.5
-7.9
-14.2
2.3
-8.9
-7.1
3.8
-23.9
-33.2
-19.3
-7.7
3.4
-7.0
-3.5
-8.6
1.8
L i t -0.3
-10.2
-12.7
-25.8
-18.7
Port 2
29-May-03
-1.5
6.1
2.7
-1.5
-3.3
-1.1
-5.9
3.0
-14.9
-15.9
-14.0
-29.2
-4.3
-3.7
-7.2
-4.0
15.4
-2.3
-3.6
-18.1
-2.1
-8.6
-16.4
1.8
-4.7
-3.5
5.1
-13.8
-16.3
-9.0
-4.1
tggiis
-9.1
-3.5
-2.8
5.4
3.4
-5.0
-6.3
-8.8
-18.3
Port 2
19-Jun-03
-0.9
6.5
3.2
-1.1
-2.4
-1.1
-8.0
2.6
-16.6
-18.4
-16.6
-35.3
-2.0
-2.8
-6.8
-1.5
21.1
-1.8
-3.6
-15.6
-1.8
-7.0
-15.2
2.1
-7 5
-5.9
4.4
-20.4
-27.2
-15.7
-6.4
2.7
-6.0
-1.6
-5.8
4.1
2.0
-7.6
-9.8
-17.4
-13.2
Port 2
28-JuI-03
-1.4
6.3
3.8
-1.3
-2.9
-1.1
-5.4
3.5
-14.2
-15.5
-13.7
-28.0
-2.6
-3.5
-7.2
-3.9
17.9
-2.1
-3.6
-15.4
-2.1
-7.2
-16.6
1.6
-4.2
-2.8
5.8
-11.4
-12.8
-7.0
-3.5
|;f,H'Ho:5
-8.7
-2.2
- -2.2
5.9
3.9
-4.3
-5.9
-7.3
-13.9
Port 2
19-Aug-O:
-2.6
6.'
3.(
-1.3
-2.8
-1.1
-5.0
3.3
-13.7
-15.2
-13.3
-26.5
-3.2
-3.4
-7.2
-4.4
15.3
-2.0
-3.6
-16.8
-2.2
-7.8
-16.6
1.6
-4.3
-2.8
5.2
-11.4
-12.7
-7.0
-3.5
0.9
-8.5
-2.8
-1.6
6.0
3.9
-3.6
-5.4
-5.4
-15.9
Port 2
23-Sep-03
-4.1
6.6
3.9
-1.0
-2.4
-1.0
-4.7
3.6
-13.2
-15.1
-13.3
-24.8
-1.6
-3.2
-7.2
-4.2
17.5
-1.8
-3.5
-14.1
-2.0
-6.3
-15.3
2.1
-4.3
-2.6
5.4
-10.6
-10.2
-5.4
-3.0
3.8
-6.8
-1.1
-1.4
6.2
4.2
-3.1
-5.3
-3.6
-12.1
Port 2
21-Oct-03
0.9
6.5
3.2
-1.1
-2.5
-1.1
-5.3
3.4
-13.9
-15.7
-13.8
-26.5
-1.4
-1.6
-2.4
-6.3
-3.0
17.7
-1.9
-3.6
-15.9
-2.1
-7.3
-15.4
2.1
-4.1
-2.5
6.0
-10.2
1.9
-9.3
-4.9
-2.7
3.5
-4.2
15.4
-1.0
-0.9
-1.7
6.3
4.2
-3.5
-5.6
-4.4
-6.7
-9.1
-11.9
-1.6
0.7
-2.8
«Sit!oi2
*«ttteiHO';l
fsawKiom
-3.6
Port 2
25-Nov-03
1.9
6.6
3.1
-1.0
,2i
-1.1
-5.1
3.5
-13.7
-15.6
-13.7
-26.8
-1.7
-2.5
-6.4
-3.2
17.2
-1.8
-3.6
-16.0
-2.1
-7 q
-16.3
1.7
-4.4
-2.7
5.6
-10.9
-11.7
-6.4
-3.4
2.6
-5.2
-1.5
-1.7
6.1
4.1
-3.5
-5.7
-5.4
-12.6
Port 2
22-Dec-03
-2.8
(>.<•
4.8
-1.2
-2.8
-1.1
_5 •
3.5
-14.0
-15.6
-13.8
-27.4
-0.6
-2.8
-6.6
-3.3
20.6
-2.0
-3.6
-13.2
-2.5
-6.1
-17.3
1.4
-4.4
-2.9
5.7
-11.6
-12.7
-7.0
-3.5
1.5
-6.2
'"-02
-2.1
6.0
3.9
-4.0
-5.9
-6.5
-8.6
Port 2
10-Feb-O'
2.0
6A
4.7
-1.2
-2.7
-1.1
-7.5
2.8
-16.1
-17.8
-15.9
-33.7
;- „" -0:3
-2.4
-6.2
-1.4
23.6
-2.0
-3.6
-13.3
-2.3
-6.1
-16.7
1.6
-7.0
-5.5
4.5
-19.4
-25.6
-14.7
-6.1
1.7
-4.8
9.1
-4.9
4.5
2.5
-6.8
-8.8
-15.0
-7.7
Port 2
9-Mar-O^
-6.1
6.5
4.9
-1.1
-2.5
-1.1
-7.7
2.9
-16.4
-18.2
-16.3
-34.7
- v > 0.2
-2.3
-6.2
-1.0
25.0
-1.9
-3.6
-12.4
-2.2
-5.5
-16.5
1.6
-7.6
-5.9
4.4
-20.7
-28.1
-16.3
-6.7
2.1
-4.8
0.4
-5.8
4.1
2.0
-7.6
-9.7
-17.7
-6.8
Port 2
l-Apr-04
1.8
6.4
5.2
-1.3
-2.8
-1.1
-8.5
2.3
-17.3
-18.8
-16.9
-36.4
4 J0.1,
-2.3
-6.1
-0.8
25.8
-2.1
-3.6
-12.4
-2.2
-5.7
-16.1
1.9
-8.0
-6.5
4.0
-22.4
-29.9
-17.2
-6.8
2.2
-4.1
0.9
-6.5
3.5
1.5
-8.5
-10.3
-19.3
-6.2
Port 2
l-Mav-04
-6.5
5.3
4.5
-2.4
-5.0
-1.1
-6.0
2.4
-15.7
-15.1
-13.2
-30.4
-4.8
-4.4
-7.1
-5.4
16.2
-3.1
-3.5
-17.9
-3.1
-9.4
-20.4
0.7
-4.1
-3.8
4.2
-15.4
-19.6
-10.9
-4.5
-6.4
-12.3
-3.3
-2.7
4.9
2.9
-5.7
-5.3
-9.4
-16.6
Port 2
25-May-04
-6.4
5.8
3.8
1 -1.9
-4.1
-1.1
-5.2
3.1
-14.5
-14.7
-12.9
-28.3
-3.6
-3 5
-6.6
-4.5
16.1
-2.7
-3.5
-17.7
-2.8
-8.9
-19.7
0.7
-4.0
-3.3
4.7
-13.3
-16.8
-9.3
-4.2
-4.1
-9.5
-2.9
-2.1
5.4
3.4
-4.7
-5.2
-7.8
-14.8
Port 2
22-Jun-04
-8.3
6.7
5.9
-1.0
-2.2
-1.1
-4.1
3.7
-12.5
-14.5
-12.7
-23.7
0.7
-3,1
-7.2
-4.6
20.7
-1.7
-3.5
-10.2
-2.3
-4.4
-16.7
1.4
-4.5
-2.8
4.8
-10.9
-12.0
-6.6
-3.6
2.8
-7.3
0.6
-1.3
5.8
3.7
-3.0
-5.3
-4.3
-5.6
Port 2
26-Jul-04
-6.1
6.7
4.5
-1.0
-2.2
-1.0
-4.4
3.4
-12.8
-14.8
-13.0
-24.6
?: : 'O.i
-2.2
-6.2
-3.7
18.8
-1.7
-3.5
-13.1
-2.2
-5.9
-16.6
1.5
-4.1
-2.4
5.1
-9.9
-10.2
-5.5
-3.2
3.0
-4.5
ssiiSloa
-1.3
5.7
3.7
-3.1
-5.4
-4.3
-7.1
Port 2
17-Aug-04
-3.8
6.7
4.3
-0.9
-2.2
-1.0
-5.1
3.4
-13.5
-15.5
-13.7
-26.7
-1.4
-0.6
-2.7
-6.7
-3.5
19.2
-1.7
-3 5
-13.6
-2.3
-6.2
-17.0
1.4
-4.2
-2.5
5.7
-10.1
ppitloS
-10.6
-5.8
-3.3
2.9
-6.1
14.4
-0.5
-0.9
-1.4
6.3
4.3
-3.1
-5.4
-4.6
-3.7
-6.2
-9.1
-1.5
0.6
-3.0
f>: *, sO.2
« , « "'0.2
-i"' 03
-3.4
Note: Bolded and shaded values indicate near-saturation
conditions (SI of-0.5 to 0.5).
MSEData-Nov2004.xls
Colder Associates
Page 2 of 4
-------
November 2004
TABLE 6
023-1166
Treatment Tank Saturation Indices
Mineral Phase
Date
Charge Balance Error (%)
pH (s.u.)
pe
Calcite
Dolomite
Gypsum
Olavite
Greenockite
Cadmium Hydroxide
CdS04
CdSO4:H2O
Cd3(P04)2
Fluorite
"errihydrite
Siderite
vlelanterite
FeS(ppt)
'yrite
Magnesite
jpsomite
Jirnessite
Unodochrosite
Manganite
Mn3(P04)2
MnI-IP04(C)
Anglesite
Cerrusite
Galena
-lydrocerrusite
Cl-Pyromorphite
lydroxypyromorphite
Pb3(P04)2
PbHP04
Hydroxyapatite
Vivianite
FC03 Apatite
Strengite
Amorphous Silica
Smithsonite
Sphalerite
Wurtzite
Zinc Hydroxide
Goslarite
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
arosite-K
arosite-Na
Jarosite-H
Amorphous Aluminum
Hydroxide
Aluminum Sulphate
Aluminum Sulphate
Gibbsite
Boehrnite
Millerite
Nickel Hydroxide
CaC03
CaMg(CO.,)2
CaS04:2H20
CdC03
CdS
Cd(OH)2(A)
CdS04
CdS04:H20
Cdj(P04)2
CaF2
Fe(OH)3
FeC03
FeS04:7H,0
FeS
FeS2
MgC03
MgSO4:7H2O
Mn02
MnCO3
MnOOH
Mn3(P04)2
MnHP04
PbS04
PbC03
PbS
Pb(OH)2:2PbCO3
Pb5(P04)3Cl
Pb5(PO4)3OH
Pb3(P04)2
PbHPO4
Cas(P04)3OH
Fe3(P04)2:8H20
Ca9.3 i6Na0.36Mgo.144(PO4)4.8
(C03)UF2.48
FeP04:2H20
SiO2(am)
ZnCO3
ZnS
ZnS
Zn(OH)2(G)
ZnSO4:7H2O
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
KFe3(S04)2(OH)6
NaFe.,(S04)2(OH)6
a-I30)Fe3(S04)2(OH)6
Al(OH)3(am)
A14(OH)IOS04
A1OHS04
A1(OH)3
A1OOH
NiS
Ni(OH)2
OUTFLOW ,
Port 3
18-Nov-02
5.5
6.7
-0.7
-0.6
-1.5
-1.3
-11.5
0.8
-20.3
-22.6
-20.8
-45.2
-1.4
-7.1
-4.0
-8.6
-0.9
16.1
-1.4
-3.8
-22.8
-1.4
-10.5
-13.4
2.9
-11.9
-9.6
2.5
-31.9
-34.2
-45.2
-26.4
-9.8
5.9
-8.9
19.6
-6.2
-0.9
-11.1
0.5
-1.5
-13.1
-15.7
-32.8
-23.6
-26.4
-29.6
-1.6
, 0.3
-3.3
t5 0.2
0.1
4.0
-3.7
Ports
19-Mar-03
-4.8
6.8
2.6
-0.9
-2.1
-1.1
-8.1
2.7
-16.4
-18.6
-16.8
-35.6
-2.1
-2.8
-6.9
-1.4
20.3
-1.7
-3.6
-15.6
-1.4
-6.7
-14.1
2.3
-7.9
-6.1
4.3
-20.9
-28.7
-16.7
-6.9
3.3
-6.2
-2.3
-5.3
4.7
2.6
-6.9
-9.4
-16.2
-14.5
Port 3
23-Apr-03
-2.0
6.7
2.2
-1.0
-2.2
-1.2
-4.9
3.7
-13.3
-15.5
-13.6
-26.8
-1.6
-1.8
-5.9
-2.5
16.2
-1.7
-3.6
-16.5
-1.4
-7.1
-14.7
2.0
-4.6
-2.8
5.6
-10.9
-13.0
-7.3
-3.9
2.0
-3.9
-2.0
-1.3
6.5
4.4
-3.0
-5.5
-5.0
-12.7
Port 3
29-May-03
0.4
6.2
3.0
-1.5
-3.2
-1.2
-4.5
3.2
-13.4
-14.5
-12.7
-25.8
-2.1
-2.0
-5.6
-3.6
15.3
-2.2
-3.6
-17.1
-1.9
-8.0
-16.6
1.6
-4.3
-2,9
4.5
-12.0
-14.6
-8.2
-4.0
-1.3
-4.8
-1.8
-1.6
5.4
3.3
-3.8
-5.2
-6.1
-12.1
Port3
19-Jun-03
3.1
6.6
3.1
-1.0
-2.3
-1.1
-6.2
3.4
-14.7
-16.7
-14.8
-29.9
-0.9
-1.6
-5.7
-1.4
20.0
-1.8
-3.6
-15.7
-1.8
-7.1
-15.2
2.1
-5.5
-3.8
5.5
-14.1
-17.0
-9.6
-4.4
2.7
-2.8
-0.6
-3.6
5.2
3.2
-5.4
-7.6
-11.0
-10.1
Ports
28-Jul-03
-1.2
6.6
3.7
-1.0
-2.2
-1.1
-8.9
2.2
-17.4
-19.4
-17.5
-38.2
tl t i ^ " Q!0
-1.4
-5.5
r )"-MO*4
24.5
-1.7
-3.6
-14.2
-1.6
-6.2
-14.9
2.1
-8.5
-6.7
4.1
-22.9
-31.9
-18.5
-7.5
2.7
-2.3
^,, 01
-6.4
3.9
1.9
-8.2
-10.5
-19.6
-7.4
Ports
19-Aug-03
-1.9
6.5
3.1
-1.1
-2.5
-1.1
-5.3
3.5
-13.8
-15.6
-13.8
-27.5
-1.1
-1.8
-5.7
-2.3
18.1
-1.9
-3.6
-15.7
-1.7
-7.0
-15.3
1.9
-4.5
-2.9
5.5
-11.5
-13.2
-7.3
-3.7
1.6
-3.4
-1.0
-1.8
6.2
4.2
-3.6
-5.7
-5.9
-10.3
Ports
23-Sep-03
-5.2
6.5
4.1
-1.1
-2.6
-1.0
-4.6
3.7
-13.2
-14.8
'-13.0
-24.8
•'&:%;-iO£
-1.8
-5.6
-2.8
19.1
-1.9
-3.5
-13.8
-1.7
-6.0
-14.7
2.3
-4.2
-2.7
5.3
-10.9
-11.2
-6.0
-3.2
2.5
-2.8
";"'?• i,;,s-o:s"
-1.4
6.2
4.1
-3.2
-5.2
-4.0
-7.3
Ports
21-0ct-03
2.7
6.5
3.1
-1.1
-2.6
-1.1
-5.2
3.4
-13.8
-15.5
-13.7
-27.5
-1.4
-1.1
-1.7
-5.6
-2.4
17.8
-1.9
-3.5
-15.7
-1.7
-7.0
-15.3
1.9
-4.1
-2.5
5.8
-10.4
^i J ''-0.2
-11.4
-6.3
-3.4
1.4
-3.4
12.0
-1.0
-0.9
-1.4
6.4
4.4
-3.3
-5.3
-4.9
-5.0
-7.4
-10.2
-1.6
0.9
-2.7
0,2
0.2
- '« 0,2
-3.6
Ports
25-Nov-OS
4.5
6.6
3.1
-1.1
-2.5
-1.1
-4.9
3.5
-13.4
-15.3
-13.5
-26.1
-2.0
-2.8
-6.7
-3.7
16.4
-1.9
-3.6
-15.9
-2.1
-7.2
-16.2
1.7
-4.3
-2.6
5.4
-10.7
-11.5
-6.3
-3.4
2.3
-6.2
-1.9
-1.5
6.2
4.1
-3.2
-5.4
-4.7
-13.4
Ports
22-Dec-03
-1.2
6.5
4.0
-1.2
-2.7
-1.1
-4.9
3.6
-13.5
-15.2
-13.3
-26.4
-0.6
-2.1
-6.0
-3.0
18.9
-2.0
-3.6
-14.2
-2.0
-6.4
-16.1
1.7
-4.2
-2.6
5.5
-10.7
-11.9
-6.6
-3.5
1.3
-4.6
-0.5
-1.4
6.3
4.2
-3.3
-5.3
-4.9
-8.9
Port 3
10-Feb-04
1.3
6.3
4.1
-1.3
-3.0
-1.1
-4.4
3.9
-13.2
-14.6
-12.7
-25.3
-0.8
-2.1
-5.8
-3.0
18.8
-2.1
-3.6
-14.5
-2.0
-6.6
-16.6
1.5
-4.2
-2.8
5.2
-11.5
-13.6
-7.5
-3.8
-4.8
-0.7
-1.5
6.1
4.0
-3.5
-5.2
-5.6
-8.8
PortS
09-Mar-04
-4.4
6.4
5.1
-1.2
-2.8
-1.1
-4.1
4.3
-12.7
-14.3
-12.5
-24.6
* ,f 0.3
-2.2
-6.0
-3.2
20.7
-2.0
-3.6
-11.9
-1.7
-5.1
-16.0
1.6
-4.0
-2.5
5.5
-10.5
-12.4
-6.9
-3.7
liltiiPi
-5.5
tAiUV-Od
-1.4
6.2
4.1
-3.3
-5.2
-5.4
-6.0
Port3
Ol-Apr-04
-0.1
6.3
5.0
-1.4
-3.1
-1.1
-4.2
4.0
-13.0
-14.3
-12.5
-24.8
. ,[ - -0.5
-2.6
-6.2
-3.7
19.8
-2.2
-3.6
-12.7
-1.9
-5.7
-16.2
1.7
-4.0
-2.6
5.3
-10.9
-12.4
-6.8
-3.5
Hiswiol
-6.3
s^yJS
-1.5
6.0
3.9
-3.5
-5.1
-5.4
-7.7
Ports
Ol-May-04
-4.3
5.3
4.7
-2.4
-5.1
-1.1
-5.9
2.3
-15.7
-15.0
-13.1
-30.6
-4.1
-3.9
-6.5
-4.9
17.0
-3.2
-3.5
-17.6
-3.1
-9.2
-20.5
0.7
-4.1
-3.8
4.1
-15.6
-20.2
-11.2
-4.6
-7.1
-11.0
-2.7
-2.6
4.9
2.9
-5.7
-5.2
-9.5
-14.4
Ports
25-May-04
-5.1
5.8
3.6
-1.9
-4.1
-1.1
-4.9
3.3
-14.2
-14.4
-12.6
-27.6
-3.4
-3.1
-6.2
1 -4.1
16.0
-2.7
-3.5
i -17.9
-2.7
-9.0
! -19.5
0.7
-4.0
-3.3
4.7
-13.3
-17.2
-9.6
-4.3
-4.5
-8.6
-2.8
-2.0
5.5
3.4
-4.6
-5.1
-7.9
-14.2
PortS
22-Jun-04
-7.9
6.7
3.2
-1.0
-2.2
-1.1
-4.7
3.7
-13.1
-15.1
-13.3
-25.3
-1.2
-2.2
-6.2
-3.1
11 A
-1.7
-3.5
-15.6
-2.2
-7.2
-16.3
1.6
-4.5
-2.8
5.3
-11.1
-11.9
-6.5
-3.5
3.2
-4.3
-1.0
-1.5
6.1
4.1
-3.2
-5.5
-4.6
-11.0
Port 3
26-Jul-04
-5.8
6.7
2.8
-0.9
-2.2
-1.0
-4.4
3.4
-12.8
-14.9
-13.0
-24.6
-1.0
-1.6
-5.6
-3.0
16.1
-1.7
-3.5
-16.3
-2.1
-7.5
-16.2
1.7
-4.1
-2.4
5.1
-9.8
-10.0
-5.4
-3.1
3.2
-2.6
-0.9
-1.4
5.7
3.6
-3.1
-5.4
-4.5
-10.3
PortS
17-Aug-04
-2.9
6.5
4.5
-1.1
-2.4
-1.0
-5.0
3.3
-13.5
-15.3
-13.5
-26.8
-1.4
(.„•*-, <.6.J,
-2.2
-6.1
-3.2
19.6
-1.8
-3.5
-13.2
-2.0
-6.0
-16.4
1.6
-4.1
-2.5
5.5
-10.2
f ''s »0.0
-11.2
-6.1
-3.4
1.9
-5.0
12.7
tlitfpfil
-0.9
-1.3
6.2
4.1
-3.2
-5.2
-4.7
-2.1
-4.6
-7.4
-1.6
0.5
-2.8
t ' 0,1
0.1
-02
-3.7
Note: Bolded and shaded values indicate near-saturation
conditions (SI of-0.5 to 0.5).
MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
Colder Associates
Page 3 of 4
-------
November 2004
TABLE 6
023-1166
Treatment Tank Saturation Indices
Mineral Phase
Date
Charge Balance Error (%)
pH (s.u.)
pe
Calcite
Dolomite
Gypsum
Otavile
Greenockite
Cadmium Hydroxide
CdS04
CdSO4:H2O
Cd3(P04)2
Fluorite
Ferrihydrite
Siderite
Melanterite
FeS(ppt)
Pyrite
Vlagnesite
ipsomite
3imessite
Ihodochrosite
Vlanganite
Mn3(P04)2
MnHP04(C)
Anglesite
Cerrusite
Galena
Hydrocerrusite
Cl-Pyi'omorphite
lydroxypyroniorphite
Pb3(P04)2
PbHP04
rfydroxyapatite
Vivianite
FC03 Apatite
Strengite
Amorphous Silica
Smithsonite
Sphalerite
Wurtzite
Zinc Hydroxide
Goslarite
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
Jarosite-K
arosite-Na
Jarosite-H
Amorphous Aluminum
Hydroxide
Aluminum Sulphate
Aluminum Sulphate
Gibhsite
3oehmite
tfillerite
Nickel Hydroxide
CaC03
CaMg(C03)2
CaSO4:2H2O
CdC03
CdS
Cd(OH)2(A)
CdS04
CdSO4:H2O
Cd3(P04)2
CaF2
Fe(OH)3
FeCO3
FeS04:7H20
FeS
FeS2
MgC03
MgS04:7H20
MnO2
MnCO3
MnOOH
Mn3(P04)2
MnHP04
PbS04
PbC03
PbS
Pb(OH)2:2PbCO3
Pb5(P04)3Cl
Pb5(P04)3OH
Pb3(P04)2
PbHP04
Ca5(P04)3OH
Fe3(P04)2:8H20
Ca9Ji6Na0.36Mg0.I44(PO4)4.8
(C03)UF2.48
FeP04:2H2O
SiO2(am)
ZnC03
ZnS
ZnS
Zn(OH)2(G)
ZnS04:7H20
Zn3(PO4)2:4H2O
KFe3(S04)2(OH)6
NaFe3(S04)2(OH)6
(H30)Fe3(S04)2(OH)6
Al(OH)3(arn)
A14(OH)IOS04
A10HS04
A1(OH)3
A100H
NiS
Ni(OH)2
OUTFLOW
Port 4
18-Nov-02
3.3
6.8
-1.5
-0.8
-1.8
-1.1
-9.5
2.0
-17.8
-20.2
-18.4
-39.6
-1.4
-5.4
-2.0
-6.3
14.5
-1.5
-3.6
-23.7
-1.4
-10.7
-14.0
2.4
-9.4
-7.4
3.8
-24.9
-24.1
-35.1
-20.5
-8.2
4.2
-3.7
16.6
-5.4
-0.9
-8.4
2.4
WJU-V&.3
-10.0
-12.7
-25.2
-19.0
-21.4
-24.6
-1.6
' 0.4
-3.4
" ," r 0.2
. F-. 0.2
3.1
-3.3
Port 4
19-Mar-03
-4.1
6.9
2.0
-0.7
-1.7
-1.1
-11.1
1.2
-19.3
-21.9
-20.0
-43.8
-2.8
-3.1
-7.4
SiffiESioa
22.1
-1.5
-3.6
-16.6
-1.6
-7.2
-13.9
2.4
-11.1
-9.1
3.0
-29.7
-42.1
-24.7
-9.5
5.6
-6.3
-2.7
-10.7
0.8
-1.2
-12.2
-15.0
-31.6
-17.2
Port 4
23-Apr-03
-2.6
6.9
0.7
-0.7
-1.7
-1.2
-10.7
1.4
-18.9
-21.6
-19.7
-42.9
-4.1
-3.1
-7.5
ai^itoa
19.3
-1.5
-3.6
-19.2
-1.5
-8.5
-13.8
2.4
-11.0
-8.9
3.0
-29.0
-41.3
-24.2
-9.4
5.5
-6.5
-4.0
-10.5
0.9
-1.1
-12.0
-14.9
-31.0
-21.1
Port 4
29-May-03
-1.8
6.0
2.8
-1.5
-3.3
-1.1
-9.9
1.3
-19.1
-19.9
-18.1
-41.0
-3.8
-3.0
-6.6
-1.0
20.9
-2.3
-3.6
-18.6
-2.4
-9.1
-17.0
1.8
-9.5
-8.2
2.7
-28.2
-39.5
-22.8
-8.5
-6.7
-2.5
-9.7
0.8
-1.2
-12.1
-13.2
-29.1
-16.5
Port 4
19-Jun-03
2.2
6.1
2.4
-1.5
-3.3
-1.1
-9.8
1.4
-18.9
-19.8
-18.0
-40.6
-3.6
-2.5
-6.1
-0.6
20.6
-2.3
-3.6
-19.2
. -2.3
-9.4
-16.6
1.9
-9.0
-7.7
3.3
-26.4
-36.5
-21.1
-8.0
linns
-5.2
-2.4
-9.6
0.9
-1.1
-12.0
-13.1
-28.8
-16.0
Port 4
28-Jul-03
-1.2
6.7
2.8
-0.8
-1.9
-1.1
-10.7
1.3
-19.0
-21.3
-19.5
-42.8
-2.1
-2.9
-7.1
, v. t-'-^-o.i
23.2
-1.6
-3.6
-15.9
-1.8
-7.1
-14.7
2.3
-10.3
-8.5
3.2
-28.0
-39.4
-23.0
-8.9
4.7
-5.8
-1.8
-10.4
0.8
-1.2
-12.1
-14.6
-30.9
-14.2
Port 4
19-Aug-03
-3.2
6.3
2.9
-1.3
-2.9
-1.1
-10.1
1.3
-19.0
-20.3
-18.4
-41.4
-3.0
-2.8
-6.6
-0.6
22.0
-2.1
-3.6
-17.6
-2.3
-8.5
-16.3
1.9
-9.8
-8.4
2.8
-28.3
-39.7
-23.0
-8.7
1.7
-5.9
-2.0
-9.9
0.9
-1.2
-12.1
-13.6
-29.5
-14.7
Port 4
23-Sep-03
-4.9
6.7
2.8
-0.8
-2.0
-1.0
-10.6
1,4
-19.0
-21.2
-19.3
-42.6
-2.3
-3.1
-7.2
11 -v -03
23.2
-1.6
-3.5
-15.9
-1.9
-7.1
-14.8
2.2
-10.8
-9.0
2.8
-29.5
-42.0
-24.5
-9.4
4.7
-6.4
-2.0
-10.5
0.8
-1.2
-12.2
-14.6
-31.2
-14.7
Port 4
21-Oct-03
3.3
6.6
1.7
-1.0
-2.3
-1.1
-10.4
1.3
-19.0
-20.9
-19.1
-42.1
-1.4
-3.4
-2.7
-6.7
) »-0.2
20.6
-1.8
-3.6
-18.8
-2.0
-8.7
-15.4
2.1
-10.1
-8.4
3.1
-28.0
-28.1
-39.3
-22.9
-8.8
3.7
-5.3
15.9
-2.8
-0.9
-10.3
0.8
-1.3
-12.1
-14.3
-30.5
-12.2
-14.6
-17.5
-1.6
0.9
-2.8
- 0.2
( f 0.2
3.5
-3.5
Port 4
25-Nov-03
2.1
6.7
3.3
-0.9
-2.0
-1.1
-9.7
1.8
-18.1
-20.3
-18.5
-40.2
-1.1
-2.4
-6.5
1 7-011
23.7
-1.7
-3.6
-14.5
-1.7
-6.2
-14.5
2.2
-9.6
-7.8
3.5
-26.0
-36.6
-21.4
-8.4
4.1
-4.7
-1.0
-8.2
2.6
0.5
-9.9
-12.4
-24.6
-11.5
Port 4
22-Dec-03
-0.5
6.5
3.7
-1.1
-2.6
-1.1
-9.5
1.9
-18.1
-19.8
-18.0
-39.6
-1.5
-2.7
-6.6
-0.6
23.7
-1.9
-3.6
-14.6
-1.9
-6.5
-15.2
2.1
-9.3
-7.7
3.5
-25.9
-36.2
-21.1
-8.2
2.6
-5.7
-1.1
-7.4
3.3
1.2
-9.2
-11.3
-22.1
-11.5
Port 4
10-Feb-04
-0.4
6.5
3.8
-1.2
-2.6
-1.1
-5.5
3.4
-14.2
-15.9
-14.1
-27.9
-1.3
-2.6
-6.5
-3.0
19.0
-2.0
-3.6
-14.6
-2.0
-6.6
-15.7
1.9
. -4.6
-3.0
5.6
-12.0
-13.3
-7.3
-3.7
2.2
-5.6
-1.0
-2.4
5.8
3.7
-4.2
-6.3
-7.3
-11.1
Port 4
9-Mar-04
-5.7
6.6
5.1
-1.1
-2.5
-1.1
-5.2
3.9
-13.8
-15.6
-13.7
-26.6
liSStMi
-2.6
-6.5
-2.8
22.0
-1.9
-3.6
-11.8
-2.0
-5.1
-15.6
2.0
-4.7
-3.0
5.8
-11.8
-12.7
-7.0
-3.5
2.8
-5.2
0.5
-2.7
5.7
3.6
-4.5
-6.6
-8.0
-7.0
Port 4
l-Apr-04
-0.3
6.2
5.4
-1.4
-3.2
-1.1
-5.8
3.2
-14.7
-15.8
-14.0
-28.1
-0.5
-2.9
-6.5
-3.2
21.7
-2.2
-3.6
-12.6
-2.4
-5.9
-16.4
1.9
-4.4
-3.1
5.6
-12.4
-13.0
-7.0
-3.3
1.3
-5.9
siiiojs
-2.7
5.5
3.4
-4.8
-6.3
-7.8
-7.5
Port 4
l-May-04
-4.6
5.5
4.6
-2.2
-4.6
-1.1
-6.0
2.5
-15.6
-15.3
-13.4
-30.0
-3.2
-3.2
-6.0
-4.0
18.2
-3.0
-3.6
-17.1
-3.0
-8.9
-19.4
1.1
-4.3
-3.7
4.5
-15.1
-18.3
-10.1
-4.2
-4.5
-8.1
-1.6
-3.0
4.8
2.8
-5.9
-5.8
-9.8
-12.4
i Port 4
25-May-04
! -5.3
: 6.3
! 2.8
1 -1.3
-3.0
! -1.1
'• -7.8
2.5
-16.6
-17.9
-16.1
-34.9
-2.4
-2.3
-6.0
! -1.2
20.0
-2.1
-3.6
-17.6
-2.3
-8.4
-16.8
1.7
-7.4
-6.0
4.1
-21.1
i -28.3
-16.3
-6.5
1.0
-4.8
-1.8
-5.6
4.1
2.0
-7.7
-9.2
-16.9
-13.4
Port 4
22-,Iun-04
-8.8
6.8
0.4
-0.8
-1.9
-1.1
-9.1
2.2
-17.4
-19.7
-17.9
-38.7
-3.2
-1.5
-5.8
04
18.3
-1.5
-3.6
-20.5
-1.7
-9.3
-15.3
1.9
-9.4
-7.5
3.4
-25.2
-36.1
-21.1
-8.4
3.5
-2.7
-3.2
-8.9
1.6
,,i-,v ;*-o*4
-10.6
-13.1
-27.1
-17.4
Port 4
26-Ju!-04
-5.7
6.7
1.5
-0.8
-1.9
-1.1
-10.1
1.5
-18.5
-20.7
-18.9
-41.2
-2.8
-2.1
-6.4
0.3
20.8
-1.5
-3.6
-18.6
-1.8
-8.5
-14.7
2.3
-10.1
-8.2
3.2
-27.2
-38.1
-22.2
-8.6
4.7
-3.7
-2.3
-9.3
1.7
«**, -0.4
-11.1
-13.5
-27.6
-15.9
Port 4
17-Aug-04
-0.6
6.7
0.8
-0.8
-1.9
-1.1
-10.4
1.3
-18.8
-21.0
-19.2
-41.6
-1.4
-3.6
-2.3
-6.6
01
19.3
-1.5
-3.6
-20.0
-1.8
-9.2
-14.4
2.5
-10.1
-8.3
3.2
-27.4
-26.7
-37.7
-21.9
-8.4
5.4
.-3.9
18.2
-3.0
-0.9
-10.0
1.0
-1.0
-11.7
-14.2
-29.1
-13.2
-15.6
-18.5
-1.4
0.5
-3.1
" • ai.3
. ^ -' 'ifl.'3
3.5
-3.5
Note: Bolded and shaded values indicate near-saturation
conditions (SI of-0.5 to 0.5).
MSEData-Nov2004.xls
Colder Associates
Page 4 of 4
-------
FIGURES
-------
NEVADA STEWART MiNS
COLLAPSED AND FULL
TO BACK WITH WATER
/SAMPLE PORT.A -
W (SASKETEO -SfiWSR
3000 GALLON TREATMENT
TANK S'xS'xIO' FILLED WITH
GRAVEL Sffl33WT.'%r
3 MANHOIES.AND 2 BAFFLES
IN EACH
I -60¥ EXTRA' LARGE,
TRAPEZ01DALFLUME
(IN FEET).
1 inch 10
m
: TA, INC.
Source: MSE Technology Applications, 2003
CAD i oa
DRAWN! SV; KEy.»OA_3^ft-
FIGURE I
NEVADA STEWART MINE TREATMENT SYSTEM DESIGN
MSE/INTERSTATE MONITORING/ID
DRAWING NO. 0231166700fg01.fh11 DATE 07/10/03 DRAWN BY EPS
Golder Associates
-------
10000
1000
100
0.001
0.0001
O Phosphorus Concentrations
/\ Lead Concentrations
5 6
pH (s.u.)
—•— Hydroxyapatite
[Ca5(P04)30H]
—CD— Hydroxypyromorphite
[Pb5(PO4)3OH]
—&— Hydroxypyromorphite
[Pb5(P04)30H]
—O— Clpyromorphite
[Pb5(PO4)3CI]
—&— Clpyromorphite
[Pb5(PO4)3CI]
MjHpGoIdjer
MSr&ssociates
MSB
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Phosphate Mineral Solubility
DRAWN CR
CHECKED p\ t
REVIEWED p\/
DATE November 2004
SCALE na
RLE N°' MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. Q23-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO. 2
-------
oc
25-
_
Q.
£
O
EE 15-
m -
5-
n
n
,'
i
-;
-!
Catch
Basin
Clogged
n
-:
\ '
!' " '
i, j
J : '
] M
^ ; }
\ -\
. • ' .
;:
S !|:j
i
f
1
!
n
;
- !
'; 1
!f
:J
'i:
!
;
• i
1
;
[
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03
03
• Port 1 - Inflow m Port 2 - Outflow D Port 3 - Outflow
xsm*
jRs^nHS
fHP<2r
»1*1*»f
\Ci^yfsocLates
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
•.
»
n
';.-
i ' ;
1 ' L "
H
n n
: .i
I _ ;: T J P
• ^ I' S :' \ '
1
n
I : ^
• : Jl
i ;
i
I
*- ' FL
'' n i
1 ' f
i •: i
,i • i, :'
i1 'i
l! ";-! -;"
-i
-
.
. -;
;'
_
" I
~; - - '- \
• - . ^r
:' ' £
Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun-
03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04
El Port 4 - Outflow Q Total Outflow
I
•
II
Jul-
04
.
I
i
1
1
i
i
1
i
i
1
Aug-
04
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
TITLE
DRAWN
Treatment Tank Flows
CR
CHECKED pw
REV EWED nw
DATE November 2004
SCALE na
FiLEN°' MSE Data -Nov 200'
JOB NO
023-1166
DWG. NO.
. . FIGURE NO.
*.xls
3
-------
Q -.
Q _
7 -
fi -
A. -
•3 .
9 -
uas
nea line laentmes s
No
Monitoring
•j
par
gee
ver
-,
t.
'
'
_
'
;
'
• _p
x
f
•
,
J~H
"I
'
"
,
^
'
„,
••
i
1
<
No
Monitoring
'
rH
"
A
'
j-i
?
_-.
-
,
u
1
1
1
f
<
*
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
(0
O
300
200
U)
100
No
' Monitoring"
No
_- Monitoring .
iiiili
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
I Port 1 - Inflow
m Port 2 - Outflow
F3 Port 3 -Outflow
13 Port 4 - Outflow
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
GjjfGolAgx
disassociates
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Treatment Tank Alkalinity and pH
DRAWN QR
CHECKED DW
REVIEWED rj\r
DATE November 2004
SCALE
na
RLE N°' MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
4
-------
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Eh (mV)
rO -^ -». M W •&.
00
00
00 -
nn -
n
nn
00
No
Monitoring
fh
II
!
No |
,
-,
- _
1
'
-
-i
T-t
-l
,
-
"
-v.
:
'
•-
]
-
1
-
-]
-
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
1°
10
Q _
4 -
9 .
n
No
Monitoring
No
Monitoring
ft
fll
-i
No
Monitorina
'I
1
=1
3
1
-i
1
-i
1
-i
1
1
T-I—I
i— r-i
1
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Ju!-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
• Portl -Inflow
El Port 2-
Outflow H Port 3 - Outflow El Port 4 - Outflow
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
f5afGoM.er
M^As sociates
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Treatment Tank Eh and Dissolved Oxygen
DRAWN CR
CHECKED ny
REVIEWED DW
DATE November 2004
SCALE na
RLE N°' MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
O
-------
Dashed line identifies sparge event.
/.no __
""j"
E
*" -ic;n
w
•inn
n -
— _^
No
Monitoring
n
-
-.
'
-•_
'
1
"1—
1
-
,
'
"1_
f
-
-pi
—
'
r
1
-•
No
~ Monitoring
-
'
.
_L
'-I
T=I
^
-
^
'
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
ou
D)
£
•p
M—
3
c/3 20 -
n -
r
No No
Mnnitnrinn Monitorinq
J,! J _0 Jl J J 1 Jl . -ja „_ _ „ B 0
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
Port 1 - Inflow U Port 2 - Outflow E3 Port 3 - Outflow 0 Port 4 - Outflow
Non-detect values plotted at the detection limit.
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
M^lssociates
MSB
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Treatment Tank Sulfate and Sulfide
DRAWN Qp
CHECKED rjw
REVIEWED nw
DATE November 2004
SCAUE na
HLE N0- MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
-------
100
May to December 2003
100
100
0.01
Dissolved Oxygen
Nitrate/Nitrite
Ammonia
Iron
Manganese
Dissolved Oxygen
Nitrate/Nitrite
Ammonia
Iron
Manganese
Dissolved Oxygen
Nitrate/Nitrite
Ammonia
Iron
Manganese
Sulfide
February to April 2004
Sulfide
Sulfide
I Port 1 -Inflow
El Port 2 - Outflow
El Port 3 - Outlfow
El Port 4 - Outflow
GraPcioM.er
%6^Associat«s
Terragraphics
Success Mine and Mill Site
Treatment Tank Redox Constituents - Average Concentrations
in 2003 and 2004
DRAWN Qr,
CHECKED ay
REVIEWED DW
DATE November 2004
SCALE
na
HLE N0- MSE Data - No v 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
3WG. NO.
:IGURE NO. _
-------
Dashed line identifies sparge event.
1T1
mn -
~3> an
r- fin
_3
'o /in
re
° 20
n --
No
Mnnitnrino
/
-"
1
J-L.
-|
-
:
>
-
'
'
j
>
'
s
-.
,
"-
-
•
I
|
-j-
v
-,
,
"F
"
*-
N
v
No
Monitoring
/
fj.
'
',
'•"
-L_
'
'-
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
\J\J -•
=J 40 --
Dl
' — ' "?n
E °°
3
W on
o ^u -
£
D)
CO. ^ n
S 10 '
n -
No
Monitoring
-
T"T —
'
'
T™1
'*
f
s
f
"
IT!
N
[-1
No
Monitoring
,
,
"j-i
•
f
T-j
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
I Port 1 - Inflow
E Port 2 - Outflow
[3 Port 3 - Outflow
ED Port 4 - Outflow
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
tlBFGoM.er
^firAssociates
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Treatment Tank Dissolved Calcium and Magnesium
DRAWN Qp
CHECKED nw
REVIEWED rnw
DATE November 2004
SCALE na
RLE Na MSB Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
-------
Dashed line identifies sparge event.
U)
E
3
E
73
(0
o
0.0015
0.0012
0.0009
0.0006
0.0003
0.0000
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
_ 0.0025
^ 0.0020
E 0.0015
^ 0.0010
8 0.0005
J 0.0000
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
I Port 1 - Inflow
El Port 2-Outflow
Q Port 3 - Outflow
II Port 4 - Outflow
Non-detect values plotted at the detection limit.
April 29, 2004 not plotted.
f^pGoider
^ifirAssociates
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Treatment Tank Dissolved Cadmium, Lead and Zinc
DRAWN Q|^
CHECKED pw
REVIEWED pv/
DATE November 2004
SCALE na
HLE Na MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. Q23-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
-------
Dashed line identifies sparge event.
0.0
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
u.o
"s, n R
O) U.O
.E.
0)
w n A -
o u-^
E
CO
O)
c n o
to u-^
5
n
No
Monitoring
-i
'
'
-
-i
'
/
--]
1
]
.1
]
i-i
1
No
Monitoring
1
_
-
-i
'
-i
ri
tfl
|f]
ffl
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
April 29, 2004 not plotted.
I Port 1 - Inflow
El Port 2 - Outflow
El Port 3 - Outflow
m Port 4 - Outflow
£l§fGoId.er
^firAssociates
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Treatment Tank Dissolved Iron and Manganese
DRAWN Qp^
CHECKED DW
REVIEWED pY
DATE November 2004
SCALE na
RLE N°' MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
10
-------
Dashed line identifies sparge event.
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
o.
"Si
£
CO
Q.
tn
o
a.
No
Monitoring
No
Monitoring -
i
|-|-
n
i
\
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
Port 1 - Inflow
H Port 2 - Outflow
U Port 3 - Outflow
E3 Port 4 - Outflow
Non-detect values plotted at the detection limit.
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
.As sociates
Treatment Tank Dissolved Phosphorus and Ortho-Phosphate
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
CR
November 2004
,._.__ . ., „__ . ,
MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOBNa 023-1166
\ -|
-------
Dl
E
o
E
100
10
Dashed line identifies sparge event.
1 —
0.1 -H
0.01
No
Monitoring
No
Monitoring
ffl
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 JuI-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
g- 10
•1 1
•s
I °'1
2
j= 0.01
o
5"
No
Monitoring
No
Monitoring
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
on
"B) 20-
"~^ m
n -
P
No
Monitoring
No
Monitoring
Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04
I Port 1 - Inflow
E3 Port 2 - Outflow
D Port 3 - Outflow
H Port 4 - Outflow
Non-detect values plotted at the detection limit.
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
l3HfG»ld.er
^ftSTAssociates
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
TITLE
Treatment Tank Ammonia, Nitrate/Nitrite and Kjeldahl Nitrogen
DRAWN Qj^
CHECKED pw
REVIEWED pw
DATE November 2004
na
FILE Na MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
-------
o
o
I
o
O
"5
-4-<
O
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
I?
No
Monitoring"
s.
No
Monitoring "
Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug-
02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
I Port 1 -Inflow
0 Port 4 - Outflow
Non-detect values plotted at the detection limit.
March 2003, April 2003 and July 2004 Port 4 total coliform reported as TNTC (too numerous to count).
April 29, 2004 event not plotted.
'Colder
^Associates
Treatment Tank Total Coliform
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
CR
RV
RV
November 2004
na
MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
023-1166
13
-------
RAW
TANK 2
TANKS
TANK
D)
_^
E
c
o
U
s
c
o
O
250,000
200,000
July 2003
0 8 16 24 32
0 8 16 24 32
16 24 32
250,000
September 2004
0 8 16 24 32 0 8 16 24 32
Sample Depth (inches)
0 8 16 24 32
LEGEND
Measured
Concentration (mg/kg)
Average
Concentration (mg/kg)
Note:
Zero inch depth samples
identify samples collected
at surface.
Average concentrations
calculated for the raw
samples and for each tank.
.. Golder
Associates
Solid Phase Concentrations - Calcium
CR
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
CHECKED
REVIEWED
RV
RV
November 2004
SCALE
FILE NO.
na
Rshbone Digest Data - Nov O4.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
14
-------
RAW
TANK 2
TANKS
TANK
CD
to
'E
-------
CO
c
o
O
D)
E
c
o
O
RAW
July 2003
TANK 2
TANKS
TANK
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
1,000
8 16 24 32
8 16 24 32
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
September 2004
o -I
0 8 16 24 32 0 8 16 24 32
Sample Depth (inches)
rni—i fl t—i •
8 16 24 32
n.n,i
16 24 32
LEGEND
Measured
Concentration (mg/kg)
Average
Concentration (mg/kg)
Note:
Zero inch depth samples
identify samples collected
at surface.
Average concentrations
calculated for the raw
samples and for each tank.
.
.Associates
Solid Phase Concentrations - Iron
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
CR
RV
RV
November 2004
na
Rshbone Digest Data - Nov O4.xls
023-1166
FIGURE NO.
16
-------
RAW
TANK 2
TANKS
TANK
o
O
s
o
O
3,500
July 2003
0 8 16 24 32
8 16 24 32
0 8 16 24 32
3,500
September 2004
0 8 16 24 32 0 8 16 24 32
Sample Depth (inches)
0 8 16 24 32
LEGEND
Measured
Concentration (mg/kg)
Average
Concentration (mg/kg)
Note:
Zero inch depth samples
identify samples collected
at surface.
Average concentrations
calculated for the raw
samples and for each tank.
r
Associates
Solid Phase Concentrations - Magnesium
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
CR
RV
RV
November 2004
na
Fishbone Digest Data - Nov O4.xls
023-1166
17
-------
RAW
TANK 2
TANKS
TANK
01
E
o
CJ
c
03
O
C
O
O
12,000
10,000
!,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
July 2003
ni—irnB r-1
0 8 16 24 32
0 8 16 24 32
08 16 24 32
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
September 2004
0-
:.n.l, f
iA"l
0 8 16 24 32 0 8 16 24 32
Sample Depth (inches)
0 8 16 24 32
LEGEND
Measured
Concentration (mg/kg)
Average
Concentration (mg/kg)
Note:
Zero inch depth samples
identfy samples collected
at surface.
Average concentrations
calculated for the raw
samples and for each tank.
ssociatcs
Solid Phase Concentrations - Manganese
CR
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
pw
r\V
RV
November 2004
Pa
Rshbone Digest Data -NovO^ls
023-1166
FIGURENO.
-------
RAW
TANK 2
TANKS
TANK
O)
c
o
O
CD
¥
c
o
O
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
July 2003
.a .R
0 8 16 24 32
0 8 16 24 32
September 2004
16 24 32
0 8 16 24 32
Sample Depth (inches)
16 24 32
8 16 24 32
LEGEND
Measured
Concentration (mg/kg)
Average
Concentration (mg/kg)
Note:
Zero inch depth samples
identify samples collected
at surface.
Average concentrations
calculated for the raw
samples and for each tank.
../Golder
Associates
Solid Phase Concentrations - Lead
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
CR
RV
RV
November 2004
na
Rshbone Digest Data - Nov O4.xls
023-1166
19
-------
RAW
TANK 2
TANKS
TANK
O
U
D)
C
O
O
30,000
25,000
July 2003
o-i
8 16 24 32
8 16 24 32
30,000
September 2004
o-l
8 16 24 32 08 16 24 32
Sample Depth (inches)
8 16 24 32
0 8 16 24 32
LEGEND
Measured
Concentration (mg/kg)
Average
Concentration (mg/kg)
Note:
Zero inch depth samples
identify samples collected
at surface.
Average concentrations
calculated for the raw
samples and for each tank.
Solid Phase Concentrations - Zinc
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
CR
RV
RV
November 2004
na
Rshbone Digest Data - Nov O4.xls
023-1166
20
-------
July 2003
o . >
CD 1UU--
O)
CO
§
ca
a: i
^- 1
CD 1 j
cn
2
CD
5 CM
^
c
ca
! — i
L (Constituents Retained by Treatment Tank
1 1 — 1
1 1 "^ ' 1 1
, . pf]^ v ^ c %, "?-?! ? ^
. — , — , — , ,
Ca Cd Fe Mg Mn Pb Zn
Constituents Released by Treatment Tank
r \ 1
September 2004
•*~^ innn
o
o 1QO
10
1 !_
CD
O)
en
rn n 1 -
>
ra n ("11
/ L
1 Constituents Retained by Treatment Tank 1
, , ^ s ^ 1 ^ /
- . • K . — .
-'b'1 , X' X •* ~^ * s
:'~ ''; T. % ^ / <: ', ^-.
' ' Ca Cd Fe L^iwgJ-^-' Mn Pb Zn
Constituents Released by Treatment Tank
EITank 2
n Tank 3
Q Tank 4
Notes:
Concentration / Average
Raw Concentration
CT/CR > 1 indicates
a net gain within the
treatment tank
CT/CR < 1 indicates
a net loss within the
treatment tank
1 1 1 Lb
fmFCoMcr Normalized Average Solid Phase Concentrations
^dissociates
DRAWN CR DATE November 2004 JOBNa 023-1166
MSE CHECKED ny SCALE DWG. NO.
Nevada Stewart Mine REVIEWED RV RLE NO. Rshbone Diges, Data .Nov04j
-------
o
E
N
35
30 H
25
20
15
10
5
0
No
Flows'
LH
s* °-
"O A -
*ir ^
i 2
C i
n
c 1 -
(0
5 n
No
Flows
*v
n
r
?
<$
'
$
$>
1 rl
/*
_.
v«
^
/
•
-
tf
"I
/
-,
-
c
EIPort2
n-i
-
•L
n f
11-, r^h L
3
-
Itf
?l F
f\ r
p£> ^*^ ^*J y^^ ^*^ ^^ ^^ ^^
oti ^V ^^ ^V ^i' ^^ 'y1 w*
- Outflow
viMpGold£i:
M5^Associates
MSE
Nevada Stewart
Mine
El Port 3 - Outflow
TITLE
DRAWN
CHECKED
REVIEWED
ElPort4-
Outflow
q
/
Treatment Tank Zinc
CR
RV
RV
DATE
]
Q
n
'/
|
'i
*•
\
*
/
;1>
^
c
-i 1
^
and Manganese
-^ pj-^
rf
A^ ,^
/
^<
f
ife
Attenuation
November 2004
SCALE
RLE NO.
na
MSE Data
- Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
-------
1 nn
1? 10-
"3)
E,
•u
8 1 -
01
1C
100000 -
"5!
"Bi 10000 -
(U
tn
0)
re 1000-
U)
c
re
5
100-
1
0
fr
•
100 '
10
¥
_3
^
•a
re
0
n -i
0 1000 10000 100000 100
Iron (mg/kg)
„.„ , ,.„ ^nnnnn
FI
El
JS"
o innnn
D)
£
U
.£z mnn
00 1000 10000 100000 100
Iron (mg/kg)
o^f
..^
• JuI-03
QSep-04
1000 10000 100000
Iron (mg/kg)
JP^ o
1000 10000 100000
Iron (mg/kg)
_m— ^ TITLE
/^SL. ,A Solid Phase Metal Correlations (Fe vs. Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn)
M^BB^F %3TxJP iCljEjI
DRAWN Qpj
MS IE CHECKED py
Nevada Stewart Mine REVIEWED RV
DATE November 2004
na
FILE NO. Rs[lbone Digest pata . Nov 04 ,(|S
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWS. NO.
FIGURE NO. ««
-------
FIGURE 24
PORT 4 OUTFLOW AT LOW AND HIGH FLOW RATES
WISE/INTERSTATE MONITORING/ID
DRAWING NO. 0231168700fg02.fh11 DATE 11/03/04 DRAWN BY EPS
Golder Associates
-------
100
10
D)
o
TJ
0.1
o
A
A
O
O
O
^oP
A O <>OCD
0.01
0.001
0.01
0.1
Zinc (mg/L)
10
Cl^rGoIder
>*^assoca.ates
MSB
Nevada Stewart Mine
IIILt
Treatment Tank Effluent Zinc Versus Sulfide
DRAWN OR
CHECKED rju
REVIEWED oy
DATE November 2004
SCALE
no
RLE N0- MSE Data - Nov 2004.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
FIGURE NO.
^D
-------
Portl Portl Port 2 Port 2 Ports Ports Port 4 Port 4
5.0
4.0
Measured
Concentration
Predicted Model
Concentration
0
o
re
O
re 100
D)
Portl
Portl
Outflow
Port 2 Port 2 Ports Ports Port 4 Port 4
Colder
Associates
Geochemical Modeling Results - pH and Alkalinity
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
RV
RV
November 2004
IOBNO. 023-1166
na
MSE Reaction Modeling - Nov 04jcls
:IGURE NO.
26
-------
C5
£
3
TO
o
D)
o 0.01
0.001
Portl
Portl
Outflow
Port 2
Port 2
Ports
Ports
Port 4
Port 4
Portl Portl Port 2 Port 2 Port 3 Port 3 Port 4 Port 4
Outflow
Measured
Concentration
Predicted Model
Concentration
flBf€ro!
-------
Measured
Concentration
Predicted Model
Concentration
D)
E,
u
T3
£
3
cn
Portl
Portl
Outflow
Port 2
Port 2
Ports
Ports
Port 4
Port 4
0 +-
Portl
Portl
Outflow
Port 2
Port 2
Ports
Ports
Port 4
Port 4
fSPrGold.er
V«irAssociates
MSE
Nevada Stewart Mine
1 1 1 Lb
Geochemical Modeling Results - Sulfate and Sulfide
DRAWN CR
CHECKED rjy
REVIEWED pw
DATE November 2004
SCALE
na
FILE NO. MSE Reaot|on M0[je|jng . Nov O4.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
-IGURENO.
28
-------
o
CL
Portl Port 2 Port 2 Ports Ports Port 4 Port 4
u
en
E
re
Portl
Portl Portl Port 2 Port 2
Outflow
Ports Ports Port 4 Port 4
Measured
Concentration
Predicted Model
Concentration
(lllfGold.er
>tirAssociates
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
111 Lb
Geochemical Modeling Results - pe and Manganese
DRAWN CR
CHECKED pw
REVIEWED pw
DATE November 2004
SCALE
na
FILE NO. MgE Reactiori Modeling - Nov O4.xls
IOBNO. 023-1166
3WG. NO.
-IGURE NO. ^
29
-------
O)
E
3
1
T3
(0
o
O>
^—-
T3
ra
CD
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001
0.0000001
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001
0.0000001
Measured
Concentration
Predicted Model
Concentration
Portl
Portl
Outflow
Port 2
Port 2
Port3 Ports Port 4 Port 4
Portl
Portl
Outflow
Port 2
Port 2
PortS PortS Port 4 Port 4
Portl
Portl
Outflow
Port 2
Port 2
PortS PortS Port 4 Port 4
fflpfGoMLer
^WAssociates
WISE
Nevada Stewart Mine
II 1 Lb
Geochemical Modeling Results - Cd, Pb and Zn
DRAWN CR
CHECKED oy
REVIEWED nw
DATE November 2004
SCALE
na
FILE NO. MgE ReaGtfan Modeling - Nov O4.xls
JOB NO. 023-1166
DWG. NO.
.SURE NO. 3Q
-------
Measured
Concentration
Predicted Model
Concentration
Portl
PorM
Outflow
Port 2
Port 2
PortS
PortS
Port 4
Port 4
.- Gold
-------
APPENDIX A
-------
SELECTEDJDUTPUT
-file MSEOct04.out
-percent_error
-ionic strengh
-alkalinity
-saturation_indices Calcite Dolomite Gypsum
otavite Greenockite Cd(OH)2(A) CdS04 CdS04:H20
Cd3(P04)2
Fluorite
Ferrihydrite Siderite Melanterite FeS(ppt) pyrite
C02 (g) 02 (g)
Magnesite Epsomite
Birnessite Rhodochrosite Manganite
Mn3(P04)2 MnHP04(C)
Anglesite Cerrusite Galena Hydcerrusite
ClPyromorphite Hxypyromorphite Pb3(P04)2 PbHPO4
hydroxyapatite vivianite FCO3Apatite Strengite
Si02(a)
Smithsonite Sphalerite Wurtzite Zn(OH)2(G) Goslarite
Zn3(P04)2:4H2O
Jarosite-K Jarosite-Na Jarosite-H
Al(OH)3(a) A14(OH)10S04 A1OHSO4 Gibbsite(c) Boehmite
Millerite Ni(OH)2
SOLUTION 1 A-l NS Adit 18-Jul-02
temp 9.8
pH 6.8
pe 8.4
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0469
Sb 0.0022
As 0.0020
Be 0.0012
Cd 0.00027
Ca 91.7
Cr 0.010
Cu 0.0015
Fe 1.03
Pb 0.0016
Mg 41.8
Mn 0.66
Hg 0.0001
Ni 0.0206
K 0.55
Se 0.0014
Si 8.44 as Si
Ag 0.0037
Na 7.21
Ti 0.0006
Zn 4.31
P 0.1 as P
Cl 5.0
F 0.50
S(6) 270 as S04
S(-2) 0.77 as S
Alkalinity 120 as CaC03
N(-3) 0.05 as N
N(5) 0.09 as W
0(0) 2.42
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 2 A-2 NS Adit 23-Jul-02
temp 11.8
pH 7.01
-------
pe 3.5
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0469
Sb 0.0024
AS 0.0034
Be 0.0012
Cd 0.00038
Ca 89.7
Cr 0.010
Cu 0.0015
Pe 0.66
Pb 0.0015
Mg 41.2
Mn 0.56
Hg 0.0001
Ni 0.0206
K 0.57
Se 0.0017
Si 8.23 as Si
Ag 0.0037
Na 7.12 )
Ti 0.0016
Zn 4.11
P 0.1 as P
Cl 5.0
F 0.50
S(6) 268 as S04
S(-2) 0.57 as S
Alkalinity 116 as CaC03
N(-3) 0.05 as N
¥(5) 0.05 as N
0(0)
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 3
temp 9.9
pH 6.76
pe 3.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al
Sb
As
Pl-1 Sample Port 1
lS-Nov-02
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
0.0254
0.0267
0.0012
0.0011
0.00029
93.6
0.009
0.0014
0.73
0.0013
42 .7
0.62
0.0001
0.0142
0.58
0.0016
7.84 as Si
0.0044
7.93
0.0014
5.64
0.2 as P
5.0
0.50
-------
S(6) 257
S(-2) 0.50
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.11
N(5) 0.05
0(0) 6.81
-water
END
as S04
as S
118
as N
as N
1
SOLUTION 4
temp 9.8
pH 6.83
pe 4.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
Pl-3 Port 1
19-Mar-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
S(6)
6(-2)
0.00079
89.0
0.49
0.0008
40.5
0.66
6.17
0.1 as
296 as
1.60 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 114
#
N(-3)
-N(5)
0(0)
0.07 as
0.05 as
N
N
-wa'ter 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 5
temp 9.98
pH 6.73
pe 2.9
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Pl-4 Port 1
23-Apr-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
0.00053
82.7
0.52
0.0006
38.5
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Mn 0.65
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
S(6) 284
S(-2) 0.05
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.05
N(5) 0.08
0(0)
-water
END
5.52
0.1
as P
as S04
as S
116 as CaC03
as N
as N
#kg
SOLUTION 6
temp 9.7
pH 6,67
pe -1.3
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0254
Sb 0.0267
As 0.0012
0.0011
0.00005
98.8
0.009
0.0014
0.14
0.0013
42.4
0.35
0.0001
0.0142
0.
P2-1 Sample Port 2
lS-Nov-02
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
99
0.0016
7. 87
0.0044
8.60
0.0014
0.04
1.3
5.0
0.50
254
S(-2) 5.50
Alkalinity
N(-3) 6.80
N(5) 0.06
0(0) 0.73
-water
END
SOLUTION
temp 9.61
pH 6.58
pe 2.6
redox pe
as P
as S04
as S
146 as CaC03
as N
as MT
P2-3 Port 2
19-Mar-03
-------
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00004
96.7
0.06
0.0011
40.7
0.35
0.01
2.0 as
294 as
8.20 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 126
#
N(-3)
N{5)
0(0}
0.87 as
0.05 as
N
N
-water 1
END
as CaCO3
#kg
SOLUTION 8
temp 9.83
pH 6.72
pe 1.6
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P2-4 Port 2
23-Apr-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
ft
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
0.00005
89.8
0.01
0. 0007
39.8
0.40
0.01
1,2 as
273 as
-------
S(-2) 1.60
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.68
N(5) 1,
0(0)
-water
END
.10
as S
112
as N
as N
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 9
temp 9.4
pH 6.69
pe -0.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0254
Sb 0.0267
As 0.0012
0.0013
0.00007
99.6
0.009
0.0030
0.08
0.0013
41.7
0.24
0.0001
0.0142
1
P3-1 Sample Port 3
18-Nov~02
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
S{6)
63
0.0016
8.49
0.0044
9.78
0.0014
0.02
7.8 as P
5.0
0.50
191 as SO4
S(-2) 62.00 as S
Alkalinity 288 as CaCOS
N(-3) 32.90 as N
N{5) 0.16 as N
0(0} 1.56
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 10
temp 9.64
pH 6.76
pe 2.6
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P3-3 Port 3
19-Mar-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
0.00004
90.8
0.02
0.0008
40.0
0.50
-------
#
ft
#
tt
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 2.49
P 0.9
Cl
F
S(6) 296
S(-2) 3.00
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.38
N{5) 0.05
0(0)
-water
END
as P
as SO4
as S
121
as N
as N
1
as CaCO3
#kg
SOLUTION 11
temp 9.85
pH 6.72
pe 2.2
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al
P3-4 Port 3
23-Apr-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
87.9
0.22
0.0006
39.7
0.56
4.08
0.4 as
274 as
1.40 as
P
SO4
S
Alkalinity 117
#
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.43 as
0.70 as
N
N
-water 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION
temp 9.7
pH 6.81.
pe -1.5
redox pe
12
P4-1 Sample Port 4
lS-Nov-02
-------
units mg/kgw
density 1
A.I
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
8(6)
0.0254
0.0267
0.0012
0.0011
0.00005
99.5
0.009
0.0019
0.14
0.0013
41.8
0.38
0.0001
0.0142
0.64
0.0016
7.88
0.0044
7.93
0.0014
0.07
1.3
5.0
0.50
259
as P
S(-2) 3.50
Alkalinity
N(-3) 3.00
N{5) 2.90
0(0) 0.71
-water
END
as S04
as S
135 as CaC03
as N
as N
1 #kg
SOLUTION 13
temp 9.33
pH 6.9
pe 2.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P4-3 Port 4
19-Mar~03
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
3(6)
S(-2)
0.00004
95.3
0.12
0.0010
39.8
0.20
0.01
2.7 as
280 as
18.60 as
P
S04
S
-------
Alkalinity 141 as CaCO3
N(-3) 1.50 as N
N(5) 0.05 as KT
0(0)
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 14 P4-4 Port 4 23-Apr-03
temp 9.73
pH 6.92
pe 0.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
3(6}
S(-2)
0.00005
93 .0
0.07
0.0009
39.4
0.21
0.01
2.4 as P
259 as S04
14.00 as S
Alkalinity 142 as (
#
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0}
1.50 as N
0.89 as N
-water 1 #kg
END
CaCOS
SOLUTION 15 Pl-5 Port 1 29-May-03
temp 10.1
pH 6. 61
pe 3.3
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
0.00044
88.8
O.S2
0.0006
41.1
0.65
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
5.81
0.2
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6) 273
S(-2) 0.05
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.05
N(5) 0.05
O(0) 6.45
-water
END
as P
as SO4
as S
120 as CaC03
as K
as N
#kg
SOLUTION 16
temp 10.09
pH 6.1
pe '5.0
redox pe
units rag/kgw
density 1
PI-6 Port 1
19-Jun-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd 0.00038
Ca 95.7
Cr
Cu
Fe 0.68
Pb 0.0015
Mg 41.6
Mn 0.68
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 6.42
P 0.1 as
Cl
P
S(6) 282 as
S(-2) 0.05 as
Alkalinity 120
N(-3) 0.05 as
N(5) 0.05 as
0(0) 6.05
-water 1
END
P
S04
S
N
N
as CaCO3
ftkg
SOLUTION 17
temp 10.05
pH 5.38
pe 5.6
redox pe
units mg/.kgw
density 1
Al
PI-7 Port 1
28-Jul-03
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00038
94.0
0 .69
0.0019
42.6
0.61
6.33
0.2
296
0 .05
as
as
as
Alkalinity 11
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.05
0.09
10.84
-water
END
as
as
1
s
) as CaCO3
SOLUTION 18
temp 10.14
pH S.33
pe 4.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al
#kg
PI-8 Port 1
19-Aug-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00022
90.7
0.54
0.0007
10.9
0.58
6.43
0.2
283
0.50
as
as
as
Alkalinity 11
N(-3)
N(5)
0.05
0.05
as
as
S
! as CaCO3
-------
0(0) 9.49
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 19
temp 9.99
pH 6.11
pe 2.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#kg
P2-5 Port 2
29-May-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr.
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
3(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
93 .2
0 .01
0.0006
41.6
0.42
1.47
1.1 as
277 as
1.10 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 124
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.38 as
1.30 as
0.69
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 20
temp 10.26
pH 6.54
pe 3.2
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
P2-6 Port 2
19-Jun-03
#
#
tt
tt
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
0.
95
0.
0.
41
0.
00005
.8
03
0017
.4
27
-------
#
#
#
#
#
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 0 . 92
P 1.4
Cl
F
S(6) 277
S(-2) 1.60
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.76
N(5) 1.30
0(0} 0.30
-water
END
as
as
as
125
as
as
1
P
S04
S
N
N
#
#
#
#
SOLUTION 21
temp 10.24
pH 6.3
pe 3.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
P2-7 Port 2
28-Jul-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#:
#
#
#.
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
SB
Si
Ag
Wa
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00009
98.0
0.01
0.0020
43.4
0.26
3.11
0.8 as
300 as
2.20 as
P
SO4
S
Alkalinity 122
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.25 as
1.10 as
1.48
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 22
temp 10.16
pH 6.38
pe 3.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd 0.00005
as CaCOS
#kg
P2-8 Port 2
19-Aug-03
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
93.3
0.01
0.0007
41.5
0.20
3.55
0.8
297
0.50
Alkalinity
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
-water
END
0.13
0.27
2.04
as P
as SO4
as S
117
as N
as N
1
as CaCOS
#kg
SOLUTION 23 P3-5 Port 3 29-May-03
temp 10.02
pH 6.18
pe 3.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00006
90.5
0 .44
0.0006
41.8
0.57
4.87
0.4 as P
268 as SO4
0.05 as S
Alkalinity 124 as (
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.20 as N
0.47 as N
5.28
-water 1 #kg
END
CaC03
-------
SOLUTION 24
temp 10.61
pH 6.56
pe 3.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P3-6 Port 3
19-JUH-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#•
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00006
98.2
0.37
0. 0018
42.0
0.29
1.28
1.2 as
258 as
1.30 as
P
SO4
S
Alkalinity 128
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.89 as
1.10 as
0.95
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 25
temp 10.57
pH 6.62
pe 3.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaCO3
#kg
P3-7 Port 3
28-Jul~03
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
0.
96
0.
0.
43
0.
1.
00005
.9
58
0019
.2
35
72
-------
tt
#
P 1.0
Cl
F
S(6) 292
S(-2) 3.60
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.94
N(5) 0.42
0(0) 4.49
-water
END
as
as
as
129
as
as
1
P
S04
S
N
N
as CaCO3
#kg
SOLUTION 26
temp 10.29
pH 6.52
pe 3.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al
P3-8 Port 3
19-Aug~03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
91.6
0.35
0.0007
41.0
0.41
3.41
0.7 as
286 as
1.80 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 120
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.44 as
0.05 as
5 .86
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 27
temp 10.02
pH S.01
pe 2.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
P4-5 Port 4
29-May-03
#
#
#
#
tt
tt
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu-
Fe
0 .00005
97.2
0.06
-------
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
0.0006
41.5
0.20
0.01
2.6 as
S(6) 262 as S04
S(-2) 11.10 as S
Alkalinity 153 as CaCO3
N(-3) 1.90 as N
N(5) 1.10
0(0) 0.20
-water
END
SOLUTION
as N
1
28
#kg
P4-6
Port 4
19-Jun-03
temp 10.4
pH 6.05
pe 2.4
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
ft
#
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
#
# .
ft
#
#
ft
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
101.0
0.17
0.0017
41.7
0.24
0.01
2.4 as
254 as
9.00 as
P
SO4
S
Alkalinity 141 •
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
1.50 as
1.30 as
0.59
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 29
temp 10.91
pH 6.73
pe 2.8
as CaC03
#kg
P4-7 Port 4
2B-Jul-03
-------
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
3(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
101.0
0.11
0.0021
42.9
0.17
0.01
2.5 as
286 as
14.10 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 140
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
1.60 as
0.49 as
0.56
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 30
temp 10.97
pH 6.25
pe 2.9
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaCO3
#kg
P4-8 Port 4
19-Aug-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
0.
97
0.
0.
40
0.
0.
2.
00005
.3
08
0007
.6
17
01
5 as
286 as
-------
S(-2) 10.60 as S
Alkalinity 138
N(-3) 1.70 as N
N(5) 0.05 as N
0(0) 0.36
-water 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
DATA ADDED FOR JULY 2004 REPORT
SOLUTION 32
temp 9.96
pH 6.4
pe 4.3
redox pe
units ing/kgw
density 1
Pl-9 Port 1
23-Sep-03
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg •
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
SB
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00041
96.1
0.595
0.00078
42 .3
0.602
7.16
1.42 as
325 as
0.50 as
P
SO4
S
Alkalinity 118
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.05 as
0.07 as
6.09
N
N
-water 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 33
temp 9.92
pH 6.56
pe 3.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Pl-10 Port 1
21-0ct-03
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
0.03-11
0 . 0399
0.0007
0.0017
0.00046
103.0
0.009
0.0014
0.758
0.0021
44.3
-------
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.64
0.0001
0 .0221
0.59
0,0012
7.72
0.0003
7.76
0.0018
7.78
2.2
5.0
0.50
305
0.50
Alkalinity
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.05
0.05
6.50
-water
END
as P
as S04
as S
118
as N
as N
1
as CaCO3
ttkg
SOLUTION 34
temp 9.66
pH 6.65
pe 3.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Pl-11 Port 1
25-Nov-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00039
101.0
0.868
0.0008
43.6
0.646
7.53
0,1 as
295 as
0.05 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 120
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0}
0.06 as
0.18 as
6.73
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 35
temp 9.69
pH 6.26
pe 4.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
as CaCOS
#kg
Pl-12 Port 1
22-Dec-03
-------
density 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
3(6)
S(-2)
0.00078
93 .2
0.657
0.00094
40.9
0.607
7.12
0.16 as
296 as
0.05 as
s
Alkalinity 112
N(-3) 0.05 as N
N(5) 0.06 as N
0(0) 7.09
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 3 6
temp 9.34
pH 6.21
pe 4.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaCO3
#kg
Pl-13 Port 1
10-Peb-04
#
#
#
#•
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
Al
sb
'As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
8(6)
S(-2)
0.00140
91.7
0.749
0.00072
39.0
0.629
7.06
0 . 06 as
269 as
0.50 as
Alkalinity
S
112 as CaC03
-------
N(-3) 0.05
N(5) 0.05
0(0) 6.32
-water
END
as N
as N
ttkg
SOLUTION 37
temp 9.67
pH 6.13
pe 5.2
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
PI-14 Port 1
9-Mar-04
tt
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
tt
tt
#
tt
#
#
#
#.
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00086
88.9
0.348
0,0012
38.7
0.688
6.31
0.12 as
289 as
0.05 as
Alkalinity 11
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.08 as
0.13 as
6. 87
-water 1
END
s
5 as CaC03
ttkg
SOLUTION 38
temp 9.8
pH 6.35
pe 4.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Pl-15 Port 1
l-Apr-04
tt
tt
#
tt
#
tt
tt
tt
tt
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg .
Ni
K
0.
95
0.
0.
40
0.
00059
.0
192
0012
.9
639
-------
#
#
tt
tt
tt
#
tt
7.01
0.1
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
3(6) 291
S{-2) 0.05
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.08
N(5) 0.07
0(0) 6.52
-water
END
as P
as S04
as S
112 as CaC03
as N
as N
ttkg
SOLUTION 3 9
temp 9.98
pH 5.74
pe 4.5
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Pl-16 Port 1
#4/29/04
l-May-04
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
#
tt
tt
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
tt
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd 0.00041
Ca 96.4
Cr
Cu
Fe 0.344
Pb 0.00054
Mg 41.3
Mn 0.605
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 7.11
P 0.05 as P
Cl
P
S(6) 317 as S04
S(-2) 0.05 as S
Alkalinity 114 as CaC03
N(-3) 0 .21 as N
N(5) 0 .05 as N
0(0) 6.38
-water 1 ttkg
END
SOLUTION 40 P2-9 Port 2
temp 10
pH 6.61
pe 3.9
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al
Sb
As
23-Sep-03
-------
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
tt
tt
#
ft
#
#
Be
Cd 0.00005
Ca 101.0
Cr
Cu
Fe 0.0102
Pb 0.00078
Mg 42.9
Mn 0.164
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 3.92
P 2.26 as P
Cl
F
S(6) 331 as S04
S(-2) 0.50 as S
Alkalinity 117 as CaCOS
N(-3) 0.14 as N
N(5) 0.38 as N
0(0) 0.87
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 41 P2-10 Port
temp 9.91
pH 6.52
pe 3.2
redox pe
units tng/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0311
Sb 0.0399
As 0.0006
Be 0.0017
Cd 0.00004
Ca 104.0
Cr 0.009
Cu 0.0014
Fe 0.0848
Pb 0.0018
Mg 43.7
Mn 0 . 162
Hg 0.0001
Ni 0.0221
K 0.60
Se 0.0012
Si 7.59
Ag 0.0003
Na 7.66
Ti 0.0018
Zn 3.92
P 2.7 as P
Cl 5.0
P 0.50
S(6) 309 as SO4
S(-2) 1.90 as S
Alkalinity 122 . as CaCO3
N(-3) 0.25 as N
N(5) 0.31 as N
0(0) 1.20
-water 1 #kg
21-Oct-03
-------
END
SOLUTION 42
temp 9.35
pH 6.55
pe 3.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P2-11 Port 2
25-NOV-03
ft
ft
ft
ft
tt
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
8(6)
S(-2)
0.00004
105.0
0.0624
0. 0008
43.5
0.136
2.45
1.1 as
292 as
0.83 as
P
SO4
S
Alkalinity 124
N(-3)
N(S)
0(0)
0.33 as
0.75 as
0.86
N
N
-water 1
END
as CaC03
ftkg
SOLUTION 43
temp 9 .2
pH 6.43
pe 4.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P2-12 Port 2
22-Dec-03
ft
ft
#
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Al
Sb
AS
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na .
0. 00006
95.3
0.0441
0.00094
40.6
0.093
-------
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
2.28
1.0
296
1.30
Alkalinity
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
-water
END
0.32
1.20
8.77
as
as
as
P
S04
S
116
as
as
1
N
N
SOLUTION 44
temp 9.27
pH 6.43
pe 4.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
P2-13 Port 2
10-Feb-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
8(6)
S(-2)
0.00004
97.6
0.115
0.00072
39.4
0.132
1.21
1.1 as
265 as
1.50 as
Alkalinity 11
N(-3)
N(5) ,
0(0)
0.75 as
0.07 as
7.93
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 45
temp 8.74
pH 6.54
pe 4.9
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
S
) as CaC03
#kg
P2-14 Port 2
9-Mar-04
#
#
ft
#
ft
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
0.00009
91.3
-------
tt
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
tt
tt
tt
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.102
0.0012
37.5
0.127
0.835
1.0
281
1.50
Alkalinity
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.08
0.12
0.45
-water
END
as P
as SO4
as S
132
as N
as N
1
SOLUTION 46
temp 9.07
pH 6.36
pe 5.2
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
ttkg
P2-15 Port 2
l-Apr-04
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
tt
tt
tt
#
#
tt
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S{6)
S(-2)
0.00005
99.8
0.164
0.0012
41.2
0.171
0.524
2.1 as
274 as
1.90 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 122
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.93 as
0.05 as
1.32
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 47
temp
9.79
as CaC03
#kg
P2-16 Port 2
#04/29/04
1-May-04
-------
pH 5.31
pe 4.5
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
ft
#
#
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S{6)
S(-2)
0.00006
95.6
0.0122
0.00054
40.6
0.282
3.92
0.75 as
330 as
0.59 as
Alkalinity 11
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.24 as
0 . 14 as
2 .68
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 48
temp 9.99
pH 6.5
pe 4.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
s
i as CaC03
ftkg
P3-9 Port 3
23-Sep-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
0.
99
0.
0.
43
0.
4.
1.
00008
.5
369
00078
.0
447
77
5 as
-------
F
S(6) 338 as SO4
S(-2) 0.50 as S
Alkalinity 120 as CaC03
N(-3) 0.27 as N
N(5) 0.09 as N
0(0) 4.11
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 49 P3-10 Port 3 21-0ct-03
temp 9.93
pH 6.5
pe 3.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0356
Sb 0.0399
As 0.0005
Be 0.0017
Cd 0,00004
Ca 103.0
Cr 0.009
Cu 0.0017
Fe 0.432
Pb 0.0014
Mg 44.1
Mn 0.504
Hg 0.0001
Ni 0.0221
K 0.58
Se 0.0012
Si 7.65
Ag 0.0003
Na 7.74
Ti 0.0018
Zn 5.82
P 0.6 as P
Cl 5.0
F 0.50
S(6) 307 as S04
S(-2) 1.90 as S
Alkalinity 118 as CaC03
N(-3) 0.30 as N
N(5) 0.08 as N
0(0) 5.87
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION SO P3-11 Port 3 25-Nov-03
temp 9.47
pH 6.56
pe 3.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
0.00004
104.0
0.0332
0.0008
43.4
-------
#
ft
ft
ft
ft
#
ft
#
#
ft
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
S(6)
S(-2)
0.172
3.65
0.88
284
0.50
as P
as S04
as S
Alkalinity 114
N(~3) 0.23 as N
N(5) 0.27 as N
0(0) 1.83
-water 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 51
temp 9.5
pH 6.49 .
pe 4.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P3-12 Port 3
22-Dec-03
ft
ft
#
#
#
#
ft
ft
#
ft
#
ft
ft
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
S{6)
S(-2)
0'. 00006
95.0
0.166
0.00094
40.7
0.255
4.89
0.64 as
294 as
0.93 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 114
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.16 as
0.27 as
4.42
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 52
temp 9.41
pH 6.32
pe 4.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
as CaCO3
ftkg
P3-13 Port 3
10-Peb-04
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
density
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
NTi
K
Se
Si
0.00021
93 .4
0.278
0.00072
39.0
0.347
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
5.15
0.44
266
0.67
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.19
N{5) 0.13
0(0) 4.81
-water
END
SOLUTION 53
temp 9.45
pH 6.44
pe 5.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as P
as S04
as S
116
as N
as N
as CaCOS
#kg
P3-14 Port 3
09-Mar-04
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
ft
#
#
ft
#
#
#
ft
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00033
89.6
0.154
0.0012
38.4
0.498
5.33
0.32 as
291 as
0.67 as
Alkalinity 11
S
i as CaC03
-------
N(-3) 0.14 as N
N(5) 0.17 as N
0(0) 5.11
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 54
temp 9.61
pH 6.28
pe 5.0
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#kg
P3-15 Port 3
Ol-Apr-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Kg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S{6)
S(-2)
0.00026
95.6
0.096
0.0012
40.4
0.502
6.07
0.5 as
289 as
0.50 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 114
N(-3)
•N(5)
0{0)
0.08 as
0.05 as
5.42
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 55
temp 9.77
pH 5.26
pe 4.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
P3-16 Port 3
#4/29/04
Ol-May-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
0.00006
97.1
0.049
0.00054
41.6
0.353
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 4.81
P 0.56
Cl
F
S(6) 325
S(-2) 0.50
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.18
N(5) 0.10
0(0) 2.96
-water
END
as
as
as
114
as
as
1
P
S04
S
N
N
as CaC03
SOLUTION 56
temp 10.34
pH 6.74
pe 2.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P4-9 Port 4
23-Sep-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd 0.00007
Ca 106.0
Cr
Cu
Fe 0.0871
Pb 0.00078
Mg 43.2
Mn 0.160
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 0.01
P 2.35 as
Cl
F
S(6) 331 as
S(-2) 15.33 as
Alkalinity 136
N{-3) 1.63 as
N(5) 0.89 as
0(0) 0.33
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 57
temp 9.9
pH 6.55
pe 1.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0338
Sb 0.0399
As 0.0005
P
S04
S
N
N
as CaC03
#kg
P4-10 Port 4
21-0ct-03
-------
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
0.0017
0.00004
111.0
0.009
0.0014
0.106
0.0011
44.9
0.161
0.0001
0.0221
0.61
0.0012
7.81
0.0003
7.98
0.0018
0.0067
2.5 as P
5.0
0.50
295 as S04
S(-2) 10.90 as S
Alkalinity 140 as CaC03
N(-3) 1.50 as W
N(5) 0.05 as N
0(0) 0.51
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 58
temp 9.13
pH 6.74
pe 3.3
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density . 1
P4-11 Port 4
25-Nov-03
#
#
#'
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#.
ft
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00004
10S.O
0.0742
0.0008
43.3
0.271
0.139
1.5 as
291 as
4.20 as
Alkalinity 12
N(-3>
N(5)
0(0)
0.36 as
0.05 as
1.10
-water 1
S
t as CaC03
#kg
-------
END
SOLUTION 59 P4-12 Port 4 22-D6C-03
temp 9.28
pH 6.51
pe 3.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Nl
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00006
99.9
0.054
0.00094
41.2
0.291
0.866
1.4 as
292 as
5 . 10 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 117
N(-3)
N{5)
0(0)
0.35 as
0.61 as
0.72
N
N
-water 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 60 P4-13 Port 4 10-Feb-04
temp 9.09
pH 6.49
pe 3.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
tt
#
#
#
tt
#
#
tt
#
tt
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
0.00004
96.5
0.0528
0.00072
39.0
0.229
-------
Ti
Zn 1.28
P 1.2
Cl
F
S(6) 272
S(-2) 0.87
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.36
N(5) 0.13
0(0) 0.74
-water
END
as P
as S04
as S
122
as N
as N
1
SOLUTION 61
temp 9,11
pH 6.56
pe 5.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
P4-14 Port 4
9-Mar-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00013
92.0
0. 0524
0.0012
37.7
0.187
1.04
1.5 as P
287 as SO4
0.87 as S
Alkalinity 126 as CaC03
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.44 as N
0.17 as N
1.18
-water 1 ftkg .
END
SOLUTION 62
temp 9.39
pH 6.21
pe 5.4
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P4-15 Port 4
l-Apr-04
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
AS
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
0.00005
97.8
-------
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.0595
0.0012
40.4
0.191
1.31
2.3
281
0.93
Alkalinity
N{-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.47
0.11
0.43
-water
END
as P
as S04
as S
120 as CaC03
as N
as N
SOLUTION 63
temp 9.81
pH 5.46
pe 4.6
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#kg
P4-16 Port 4
#4/29/04
1-May-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00006
99. 0
0.138
0.00054
41.4
0.25
1.59
1.3
321
0.50
as
as
as
Alkalinity 12
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.60
0.09
2.12
-water
END
as
as
1
S
) as CaCOS
#kg
DATA ADDED FOR OCTOBER 2004 REPORT
-------
SOLUTION 1
temp 9.98
pH 5.83
pe 3.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Pl-17 Port 1
25-May-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
8(6)
S(-2)
0.00048
85.4
0.27
0.0007
38.2
0.50
7.03
0.3 as
319 as
0.50 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 113
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.12 as
0.05 as
6.47
N
N
-water 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.07
pH 6.83
pe 5.4
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
PI-18 Port 1
22-Jun-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
0.00052
92.1
0.31
0.0005
42.0
0.61
-------
#
#
Zn 7.32
P 0.1
Cl
P
S(6) 344
S(-2) 0.05
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.05
N(5) 0.48
0(0} 5.95
-water
END
as P
as S04
as S
113 as CaC03
as N
as N
#kg
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.12
pH 6.76
pe 4.5
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
PI-19 Port 1
26-Jul-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
ft
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd 0.00052
Ca 97.8
Cr
Cu
Pe 0.74 •
Pb 0.0012
Mg 43.2
Mn 0.60
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 7.49
P 0.1 as
Cl
P
S(6) 349 as
S(-2) 0.05 as
Alkalinity 118
N(-3) 0.12 as
N(5) 0.05 as
0(0) 7.40
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.11
pH 6.55
pe 5.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0264
Sb 0.0017
As 0.0011
Be 0.0001
Cd 0.00048
Ca 103.0
Cr 0.010
Cu 0.0016
P
S04
S
N
N
as CaC03
#kg
Pl-20 Port 1
17-Aug-04
-------
Fe 0.50
Pb 0.0012
Mg 45.1
Mn 0.61
Hg 0.0001
Ni 0.0175
K 0.59
Se 0.0008
Si 7.78
Ag 0.0023
Ka 7.81
Ti
Zn 8.00
P 0.1 as P
Cl 5 . 0
F 0.50
S(6) 349 as S04
S(-2) 0.50 as S
Alkalinity 118 as CaCOS
N{-3) 0.05 as N
N(5) 0.05 as N
0(0) 6.85
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 1 P2-17 Port 2 25-May-04
temp 9.92
pH 5.77
pe 3.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
3(6}
S(-2)
0.00010
93.4
0.04
0.0007
41.2
0.18
4.98
0.4 as P
330 as S04
0.50 as S
Alkalinity 113 as i
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.14 as N
0.30 as N
3.06
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 1 P2-
temp
pH
10.23
6.69
CaCO3
22-Jun-04
-------
pe 5 .9
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft .
ft
ft
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Hi
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
8(6)
S(-2)
0.00006
91.9
0. 02
0.0005
41.7
0.08
3.09
0.9
337
0.05
as
as
as
Alkalinity 11'
N(-3)
N{5)
0(0)
0.71
0.11
0.46
-water
END
as
as
1
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.58
pH 6.66
pe 4.5
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
S
' as CaC03
ftkg
P2-19 Port 2
26~Jul-04
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
0.00003
100.0
0.09
0.0012
43 .2
0.09
3.03
1.0 as
-------
S(6) 342
S(-2) 0.05
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.89
N(5) 0.05
0(0) 0.17
-water
END
as S04
as S
125
as N
as N
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 1
temp 10,46
pH 6.66
pe 4.3
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0264
Sb 0.0034
As 0.0008
0.0001
0.00003
105.0
0.010
0.0016
0.03
0.0012
44.7
0.07
0.0001
0.
0.
P2-20 Port 2
17-Aug-04
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
3(6)
.0213
.59
0.0008
7.65
0.0023
7.87
3.70
0.9
5.0
0.50
351
as P
S(-2) 0.95
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.44
N(5) 0.28
0(0) 0.13
-water
END
as S04
as S
126 as CaC03
as N
as N
1 #kg
SOLUTION 1
temp 9.9
pH 5.76
pe 3.6
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P3-17 Port 3
25-May-04
ft
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
0.00019
94.2
0.10
0.0007
41.9
0.26
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 5.59
P 0.3
Cl
F
8(6) 324
S(-2) 0.50
Alkalinity
N(-3) 0.11
N(5) 0.17
0(0) 5.36
-water
END
as P
as S04
as S
116
as N
as N
1
as CaC03
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.21
pH 6.66
pe 3.2
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P3-18 Port 3
22-Jun-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
3(6)
S(-2)
0.00006
93.5
0.09
0.0005
42.8
0.09
2.50
1.3 as
337 as
0.50 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 123
N{-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.79 as
0.05 as
0.19
N
N
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.62
pH 6.67
pe 2.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
as CaC03
#kg
P3-19 Port 3
26-JU1-04
-------
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
ft
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd 0.00003
Ca 101.0
Cr
Cu
Fe 0.34
Pb 0.0012
Mg 43.5
Mn 0.11
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn 2.56
P 1.1 as
Cl
F
S(6) 344 as
S(-2) 0.05 as
Alkalinity 12<
N(-3) 1.00 as
N{5) 0.05 as
0(0) 0.19
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 1
temp 10 . 64
pH 6.54
pe 4.5
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0264
Sb 0.0036
As 0.0010
Be 0.0001
Cd 0.00003
Ca 105.0
Cr 0.010
Cu 0.0016
Fe 0 . 11
Pb 0.0012
Mg 45.5
Mn 0.18
Hg 0.0001
Ni 0.0175
K 0.59
Se 0.0008
Si 7.76
Ag 0.0023
Na 7.88
Ti
Zn 4.40
P 0.7 as
Cl 5.0
F 0.50
S(6) 349 as
-S(-2) 0.59 as
Alkalinity 12
N{-3) 0.44 as
s
as CaC03
#kg
P3-20 Port 3
17-Aug-04
S
' as CaC03
-------
N(5) 0.10 as N
0(0) 2.44
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.13
pH 6.29
pe 2.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#kg
P4-17 Port 4
25-May-04
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Wi
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
96.8
0.16
0.0007
41.4
0.17
0.88
1.3 as
316 as
1.50 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 125
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
1.10 as
0.30 as
1.82
N
N
-water 1
. END
as CaCOS
#kg
SOLUTION 1
temp 10.31
pH 6.77
pe 0.4
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P4-18 Port 4
22-Jun-04
ft
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Nl
K
Se
0.00006
91.5
0.33
0.0005
41.9
0.18
-------
#
ft
#
#
ft
ft
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
P
8(6)
S(-2)
0.01
1.0
318
2.50
as P
as S04
as S
Alkalinity 144 as CaCO3
N(-3) 2.40 as N
N(5) 0.05 as N
0(0) 0.21
-water 1 #kg
END
SOLUTION 1 P4-19 Port 4 26-Jul-04
temp 11.38
pH 6 .72
pe 1.5
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
#
ft
ft
ft
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd 0.00005
Ca 100.0
Cr
Cu
Fe 0.23
Pb 0.0012
Mg 42.9
Mn 0.17
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Ma
Ti
Zn 0 . 04
P 2.7 as
Cl
F
S(6) 313 as
S(-2) 8.20 as
Alkalinity 15-
N(-3) 3.50 as
N(5) 0.05 as
0(0) 0.24
-water 1
END
SOLUTION 1
temp 11.67
pH 6.72
pe 0.8
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
Al 0.0264
Sb 0.0022
As 0.0007
Be 0.0001
S
t as CaC03
ftkg
P4-20 Port 4 17-Aug-04
-------
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
0.00003
105.0
0.010
0.0016
0.16
0.0012
44. 9
0.16
0.0001
0.0199
0.60
0.0008
7.79
0.0023
7.92
0.01
4.4
5.0
0.50
315
S(-2) 8.60
Alkalinity
N(-3) 7.80
N(5) 1.70
0(0) 0.24
-water
END
as P
as S04
as S
149 as CaC03
as N
as N
#kg
-------
SELECTEDJDUTPUT
-file MSEApril.out
-percent_error
-ionic atrengh
-alkalinity
-saturation_indices Calcite Dolomite Gypsum
otavite Greenockite Cd(OH)2(A) CdSO4 CdS04:H20
Cd3(P04)2
Fluorite
Ferrihydrite Siderite Melanterite FeS(ppt) pyrite
C02 (g) 02 (g)
Magnesite Epsomite
Birnessite Rhodochrosite Manganite
Mn3(P04)2 MnHP04(C)
Anglesite Cerrusite Galena Hydcerrusite
CIPyromorphite Hxypyromorphite Pb3 (P04)2 PbHP04
hydroxyapatite vivianite FCOSApatite Strengite
Si02(a)
Smithsonite Sphalerite Wurtzite Zn(OH)2(G) Goslarite
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
Jarosite-K Jarosite-Na Jarosite-H
Al(OH)3(a) A14(OH)10S04 A1OHS04 Gibbsite(c) Boehmite
Millerite Hi(OH)2
-equilibrium_phases Calcite Dolomite Gypsum
otavite Greenockite Cd(OH)2(A) CdS04 CdS04:H20
Cd3(P04)2
Fluorite
Ferrihydrite Siderite Melanterite FeS(ppt) pyrite
C02 (g) 02 (g)
Magnesite Epsomite
Birnessite Rhodochrosite Manganite
Mn3(P04)2 MnHP04(C)
Anglesite Cerrusite Galena Hydcerrusite
CIPyromorphite Hxypyromorphite Pb3(P04)2 PbHP04
hydroxyapatite vivianite FCOSApatite Strengite
Si02(a)
Smithsonite Sphalerite Wurtzite Zn(OH)2(G) Goslarite
Zn3(P04)2:4H20
Jarosite-K Jarosite-Na Jarosite-H
Al(OH)3(a) A14(OH)10S04 A1OHSO4 Gibbsite(c) Boehmite
Millerite Mi(OH)2
-totals Cd Ca Fe Pb Mg Mn Na Zn P S(6) S(-2) N(-3) N(5) N{3)
PHASES
C102H151039N31
C102H151039N31+267H20 = 102CO3-2
-log_K 0.0
+ 31 NE3 + 592 H+ + 388 e-
SOLUTION 5
temp 9.98
pH 6.73
pe 3.4
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
tt Al
# Sb
# ' As
# Be
Cd 0,00053
Ca 82.7
# Cr
# Cu
Fe 0.52
PI-4 Port 1
23-Apr-03
-------
#
tt
#
#
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.0006
38.5
0.65
0.01
5.52
0.1
284
0.05
Alkalinity
tt
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.05
0.08
-water
END
charge
as P
as SO4
as S
116
as N
as N
1
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION 8
temp 9.83
pH 6.72
pe 2.1
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P2-4 Port 2
23-Apr-03
tt
#
tt
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
tt
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
89.8
0.01
0.0007
39.8
0.40
0.01
1.2 as
273 as
1.60 as
P
S04
S
Alkalinity 112
tt
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.68 as
1.10 as
N
N
-water 1
END
as CaC03
#kg
SOLUTION
temp 9.85
11
P3-4 Port 3
23-Apr-03
-------
pH 6.72
pe 2.7
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
#
tt
#
tt
tt
tt
#
tt
#
tt
tt
#
tt
tt
tt
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Pe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
Cl
F
S(6)
S(-2)
0.00005
87.9
0.22
0.0006
39.7
0.56
4.08
0.4
274
1.40
as
as
as
Alkalinity 11
tt
N(-3)
N(5)
0(0)
0.43
0.70
-water
END
as
as
1
s
1 as CaC03
ttkg
SOLUTION 14
temp 9.73
pH 6.92
pe 1.2
redox pe
units mg/kgw
density 1
P4-4 Port 4
23-Apr-03
#
#
#
#
#
#
tt
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Al
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Ca
Cr
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
K
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Ti
Zn
P
0.00005
93.0
0.07
0.0009
39.4
0.21
0.01
2.4 a
-------
#
#
Cl
F
S(6) 259
S(-2) 14.00
Alkalinity
N{-3) 1.50
N(5) 0.89
0(0}
-water
END
as
as
142
as
as
1
S04
S
N
N
as CaCOS
#kg
USE SOLUTION 5
EQUILIBRIUM_PHASES 5
ferrihydrite 0
SURFACE 5
Hfo_w ferrihydrite
Hfo_s ferrihydrite
SAVE SOLUTION 6
END
USE SOLUTION 6
EQUILIBRIUM PHASES 6
0.2
0.005
600
#
#
hydroxyapatite
MnHP04(c) 0
Calcite 0
Gypsum. 0
Ferrihydrite
FeS (ppt) 0
pyrite 0
galena 0
sphalerite 0
wurtzite 0
Greenockite
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
REACTION
C102H151039N31
SAVE SOLUTION
END
USE SOLUTION
EQUILIBRIUM PHASES 6
0
0.0000039
7
#
#
hy dr oxy apa t i t e
MnHPO4(c) 0
Calcite 0
Gypsum 0
Ferrihydrite
FeS (ppt) 0
pyrite 0
galena 0
sphalerite 0
wurtzite 0
Greenockite
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
REACTION
C102H151039N31
SAVE SOLUTION
END
0
0.00000281
8
USE SOLUTION 6
EQUILIBRIUM PHASES 6
-------
#
#
hydroxyapat i te
MnHP04 (c) 0
Calcite 0
Gypsum 0
Ferrihydrite
FeS (ppt) 0
pyrite 0
galena 0
sphalerite 0
wurtzite 0
Greenockite
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
REACTION
C102H151039N31 0.00000548
SAVE SOLUTION 9
END
-------
Appendix E
Solid Phase Digestion Results
-------
baJ&- -fi
MWTP, P39, Long-Term Monitoring of a Permeable Treatment Wall
Apatite II (fishbone) Material Used in the Apatite Treatment System
Fish Bone Digestion Data
Sample Location
and Date
Ca
Cd
Fe
Mg
Mn
Pb
Zn
Untreated
Fishbone
Bucket 1
201107
0.23
219
3173
17.25
0.46
168
Untreated
Fishbone
. Bucket 2
1 97926
0.23
119
3214
15.74
0.47
121
Untreated
Fishbone
Bucket 3
212765
0.25
168
3114
41.22
0.48
149
Tank 2 _
(SP2) - 7/03
-Surface
214092
1.19
3225
2755
592
4.61
14092
Tank 2
(SP2) -
7/03 - 8"
Depth
172946
0.89
3449
2657
656
8.07
14685
Tank2
(SP2) -
7/03-16"
Depth
230627
0.09
1909
2555
513
2.97
15221
Tanlc2
(SP2) -
7/03.-24"
Depth -
205466
0.77
1913
2516
455
2.32
12912
Tank 2
(SP2) -
7/03 - 32"
Depth
174077
0.66
2204
2194
587
5.09
13907
Tank 2
(SP2)-
9/04-
Surface
37000
10.3
26600
525
10400
42.4
16400
Tank 2
(SP2) -
9/04 - 8"
Depth -
119000
3.82
3820
1160
1360
5.65
22000
Tank 2
(SP2) -
9/04-16"
Depth
105000
3.85
5470
1370
2160
12.1
17900
Tank 2
(SP2) -
9/04 -"24"
Depth
153000
2.73
1670
1370
508
2.18
15000
Tank 2
(SP2)-.;"
9/04 --321'"
Depth
137000
2.15
2270
1270
720
2.94
21500
Sample Location
and Date
Ca
Cd
Fe
Mg
Mn
Pb
Zn
Untreated
. Fishbone
Bucket 1
201107
0.23
219
3173
17.25
0.46
168
Untreated
Fishbone
Bucket 2
197926
0.23
119
3214
15.74
0.47
121
Untreated
Fishbone
Bucket 3
212765
0.25
168
3114
41.22
0.48
149
TankS
(SPS) -7/03
,- Surface
205544
1.76
5249
2275
1415
7.02
18356
.Tank 3
(SPS) -
7/03 - 8"
Depth
217092
2.33
8831
2593
1886
21.51
18566
TankS
(SP3)-
7/03-16"
Depth
229167
0.99
3002
2481
945
3.89
13826
TankS
(SPS) -
7/03 - 24'1
Depth
230920
1.14
2808
2397
789
4.01
17417
TankS
(SPS) -
7/03-32"-
Depth
219378
1.28
3647
2550
878
13.89
18007
Tank 3
(SP3)-
9/04-- -
Surface
107000
4.16
9940
981
4770
16.7
20000
TankS
(SP3)-
9/04 - 8"
Depth
141000
3.59
2420
1360
779
4.36
18100
Tank 3
(SPS) -
9/04-16"
Depth
149000
2.07
2690
1440
980
3.97
15200
Tank 3
(SPS) -
9/04 - 24"
Depth
110000
1.39
2410
993
739
3.61
23100
Tank 3
(SPS) -
9/04 -_32"
Depth
123000
2.65
3150
1080
961
5.19
25600
Sample Location
and Date
Ca
Cd
Fe
Mg
Mn
Pb
Zn
Untreated
Fishbone
Bucket 1
201107
0.23
219
3173
17.25
0.46
168
Untreated
Fishbone
Bucket 2 -
197926
0.23
119
3214
15.74
0.47
121
Untreated
Fishbone
Bucket 3
212765
0.25
168
3114
41.22
0.48
149
Tank4
(SP4) - 7/03
-'Surface
219178
0.85
3268
26112
675
10.08
13699
Tank 4
(SP4) -
7/03-8"
- Depth
221477
0.64
2013
2617
530
3.12
11505
Tank 4
(SP4) -
7/03-16"
Depth
178399
0.32
1764
2314
412
1.62
7396
Tank 4
(SP4) -
7/03 --24"
Depth
209961
0.53
2861
2588
724
2.71
14063
Tank 4
(SP4) -
7/03 - 32"
Depth
224122
0.35
1329
2640
384
0.53
7996
Tank 4
(SP4) -
9/04-
Surface
104000
1.89
6150
1080
1830
12.1
24300
Tank 4
(SP4) -
9/04 - 8"
Depth
106000
1.56
4890
1310
1280
10.6
21500
Tank 4
(SP4) -
9/04-16"
Depth
119000
1.79
5060
1250
1180
12.5
23800
Tank 4
(SP4) -
9/04 - 24"
Depth
139000
0.93
3210
1470
708
5.74
21900
Tank 4
(SP4)-
9/04 - 32"
Depth
120000
0.78
3240
1400
1100
18.6
18500
-------
Appendix F
EPA Statistical Analysis
-------
STATISTICAL SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
GENERAL INFORMATION
QAIDNo.:
N/A
EPA Technical Lead Person (TLP):
Title:
Support Provided by:
Contract No. (
S8-C-03-032
Project QA Category:
N/A
Norma Lewis
Data Analysis Guidance for MWTP Activity III,
Project 39: Nevada Stewart Site
Neptune & Co.
Date Submitted:
09/24/04
REVIEW SUMMARY
Review Distribution Date
NRMRL-STD QA Manager
Telephone No.
11/01/04
Lauren Drees
569-7087
Endorsement Status
No. of Findings
No. of Observations
N/A
N/A
N/A
The project objectives, design information, and data which was provided to EPA for the above
project have been reviewed by a statistician. Representative target analytes have been evaluated.
Guidance is attached with respect to the data analyses to be performed.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact the STD QA Manager.
cc: Diana Bless
Helen Joyce
Lynn McCloskey
-------
Note: Data analyses (both descriptive and inferential) have been performed for Cd. Pb, and Zn.
This information is summarized as listed below:
• Descriptive Statistics: Minimum, Medium, Maximum, Mean, Standard Deviation
(Page 3)
• Inferential Statistics: Kraskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure
(Pages 4 and 5)
• Graphical Displays: Box Plots (Pages 6-8)
• Graphical Displays: Time Plots (Pages 9-11)
• Appendix A: How to Interpret Box Plots (Page 12)
Disclaimer: This is one application of three technologies, referred to as SP2, SP3, and SP4.
Since there are no replications, this investigation provides no information on how these
technologies would perform at other locations. Any inferences from these data are valid for this
site only.
Exploratory Data Analysis
The percent reduction for the three metals was used to construct the box plots on pages 6-8.
Percent reduction was calculated as [(SP 1 Metal Cone. - SP # Metal Cone.) / SP 1 Metal Cone.]
x 100. The box plots for Cd (page 6) and Pb (page 7) display an outlier from the same sampling
event, 8/19/03 and sampling port, 2. (An outlier is defined as a value that is outside the main
body of the data.) hi each case, there is an approximate 200% increase in the metal
concentration. The box plots for Zn display an outlier on 02/26/03 for sampling port 4. Since
there is no assignable cause for these outlying values, all analyses were done with and without
the outliers.
The cadmium box plots (Figure 1, page 6) show a high (> 75%) reduction for sampling ports 2
and 4. The time plots in Figure 4 (page 9) indicate this reduction is independent of the influent
concentration (r = -0.29 for SP2 vs. SP1 and r = -0.07 for SP4 vs. SP1). This does not hold for
sampling port 3, where the reduction is a function of the influent concentration (r = 0.67 for SP3
vs. SP1). This is seen in Figure 4 where the time plot lines for sampling ports 1 and 3 are similar
and in Figure 1 where the height of the box plot for sampling port 3 is larger than the heights for
the box plots for sampling ports 2 and 4. These observations are confirmed with the Kruskal-
Wallis test. The result of the Kruskal-Wallis test (page 4) is statistically significant (p-value =
0.0002). (The null hypothesis is that the true location parameter for the groups is the same and
the alternative hypothesis is that there is difference in at least one of the groups.) The Kruskal-
Wallis multiple comparison procedure indicates that sampling ports 2 and 4 are statistically
different from, sampling port 3 (p-value = 0.05). The inferential results are similar whether or not
the outlier is included.
The Pb box plots (Figure 2, page 7) show a similar reduction for all three sampling ports (20% -
-------
80%). The time plots in Figure 5 (page 10) indicate this reduction is independent of the influent
concentration for sampling ports 2 and 4 (r = 0. 05 for SP2 vs. SP1 and r = 0.18 for SP4 vs. SP1).
This does not hold for sampling port 3, where the reduction is a function of high influent
concentrations (r = 0.89 for SP3 vs. SP1). This is seen in Figure 5 where the time plot lines for
sampling ports 1 and 3 are similar. The result of the Kruskal-Wallis test (pages 4 and 5) is
statistically significant (p-value = 0.0002) when the outlier is removed. The Kruskal-Wallis
multiple comparison procedure indicates that sampling ports 2 and 3 are statistically different (p-
value = 0.05). The result of the Kruskal-Wallis test is not statistically significant (p-value =
0.0694) with the outlier included.
The Zn box plots (Figure 3, page 8) show a high (> 80%) reduction for sampling port 4. The
time plot in Figure 6 (page 11) indicates this reduction is independent of the influent
concentration (r = 0.05 for SP4 vs. SP1). Sampling ports 2 and 3 show more modest reductions,
20% - 70%, where the reduction is a function of the influent concentration (r = 0. 63 for SP2 vs.
SP1 and r = 0.38 for SP3 vs. SP1). The result of the Kruskal-Wallis test is statistically
significant (p-value = 0.0002). The Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison procedure indicates that
all sampling ports are statistically different from one another (p-value = 0.05). The inferential
results are similar whether or not the outlier is included.
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Table 1. Cd Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port
Port
SP2
SP2*
SP3
SP4
Min.
-198.1
82.5
-22.1
61.4
Medium
89.6
89.9
63.0
89.6
Mean
75.1
90.3
57.9
88.1
Maximum
97.3
97.3
81.6
97.3
Std. Dev.
66.3
3.7
31.8
7.9
"Outlier removed SP2 08/19/2003
Table 2. Pb Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port
Port
SP2
SP2*
SP3
SP4
Min.
-214.8
0
-8.4
0
Medium
54.2
54.6
37.8
52.0
Mean
39.1
53.2
35.0
75.5
Maximum
94.6
75.3
77.5
94.6
Std. Dev.
67.0
27.5
26.3
29.6
"Outlier Removed SP2 08/19/2003
Table 3. Zn Percent Reduction for Selected Metals by Sampling Port
Port
SP2
SP3
SP4
SP4*
Min.
29.2
13.6
8.4
72.2
Medium
58.9
34.1
93.3
94.1
Mean
58.4
38.6
85.9
90.0
Maximum
86.1
87.8
99.8
99.8
Std. Dev.
15.0
20.9
20.8
10.3
* Outlier removed Zn 02/26/2003
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Table 4. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Cd
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square - 17.0977, df = 2, p-value = 0.0002
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
Difference*
19.66
0.79
18.87
Statistic
9.16
9.16
9.16
S/NS (a - 0.05)
S
NS
S
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 5. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Cd Outlier
Removed
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 19.521, df = 2, p-value = 0.0001
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
Difference*
21.5.9
2,72
18.87
Statistic
8.80
8.80
8.80
S/NS (a = 0.05)
S
NS
S
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 6. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Pb
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 4.3512, df = 2, p-value = 0.1135
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
Difference*
9.53
0.37
9.89
Statistic
10.55
10.55
10.55
S/NS (a - 0.05)
NS
NS
NS
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
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Table 7. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Pb Outlier
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 5.3359, df = 2, p-value = 0.0694
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
Difference*
11.25
1.36
9.89
Statistic
10.40
10.40
10.26
S/NS (a = 0.05)
S
NS
NS
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 8. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Zn
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square - 32.4289, df = 2, p-value = 0.0002
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
Difference*
11.50
19.60
31.10
Statistic
7.55
7.55
7.55
S/NS (a = 0.05)
S
S
S
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 9. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multiple Comparison Procedure for Zn Outlier
Kruskal-Wallis Test: chi-square = 38.2104, df - 2, p-value = 0.0001
Multiple Comparison
SP2 versus SP3
SP2 versus SP4
SP3 versus SP4
Difference*
11.50
22.04
33.54
Statistic
7.35
7.35
7.45
S/NS (a = 0.05)
S
S
S
*If the difference > statistic, then statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
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Figure 1. Cadmium Box Plots by Sampling Port
Percent Reduction for Cadmium
o
o -
o -
o
LO
O
O .
O
in .
o
o .
CM
I ' I
Sampling Port 2 Sampling Port 3 Sampling Port 4
Percent Reduction for Cadmium Outlier Removed SP2(08/19/03)
o
o -
o
CD
O -
o
CM
Sampling Port 2 Sampling Port 3 Sampling Port 4
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Figure 2. Lead Box Plots by Sampling Port
Percent Reduction for Lead
o
o
o
LO
o
in
o
o
o
LO
o
o
CM
Sampling Port 2
Sampling Port 3
Sampling Port 4
Percent Reduction for Lead Outlier Removed SP2(08/19/03)
o
o
§•
o
CD
O _
CM
O -
o
CM
7
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Figure 3. Zinc Box Plots by Sampling Port
Percent Reduction for Zinc
o
o -
§•
o
CD
o
CN
Sampling Port 2
Sampling Port 3
Sampling Port 4
Percent Reduction for Zinc Outlier Removed SP4(02/26/03)
o
o
o
00
o
CN
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Figure 4. Cadmium Time Plots by Sampling Port
Sampling Ports 1 and 2
o
1 — 1-
O O Q 9
1—1-
10
Sampling Event
15
20
Sampling Ports 1 and 3
1—1
10 15
Sampling Event
20
Sampling Ports 1 and 4
1—
1,
^1-
-4 4-
,1 — 1-
-1—"--1
A 4 4^^---4-
10
15
20
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Figure 5. Lead Time Plots by Sampling Port
Sampling Ports 1 and 2
.a
DL
10
Sampling Event
15
20
Sampling Ports 1 and 3
o .
00 -
CO -
10
Sampling Event
15
20
Sampling Ports 1 and 4
CM .
O .
CO -
CO -
10
15
20
10
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Figure 6. Zinc Time Plots by Sampling Port
Sampling Ports 1 and 2
10
Sampling Event
15
Sampling Ports 1 and 3
10
Sampling Event
15
Sampling Ports 1 and 4
20
20
10
15
20
11
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Appendix A
A boxplot is a rectangle, the top and bottom of the rectangle represent the upper and lower
quartiles of the data, the horizontal line within the rectangle represents the median. Lines,
in the shape of a "T", extend from the box to the nearest value not beyond a standard span
from the quartiles. These lines are often referred to as whiskers. Values beyond the end of
the whiskers are drawn individually. The standard span is 1.5-hiter-Quartile Range (IQR).
The quantile of the data is a number that divides the data into two groups, so that a fraction
of observations fall below the quantile and a fraction fall above the quantile. For example,
the 75th quantile (Q(.75)) divides the data set such that three fourths of the observations
fall below Q(.75) and one fourth fall above.
The width of the box plot is proportional to the square root of the number of observations
for the box.
Note: The median is the 50th quantile, Q(.50).
The upper quartile is the 75th quantile, Q(.75).
The lower quartile is the 25th quantile, Q(.25).
= Q(.75)-Q(.25).
The Kruskal-Wallis test is a non-parametric test for location differences (a non-parametric
test does not require any distributional assumptions like normality). The test statistic is
constructed using the ranks of the data.
12
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