INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER
FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: G/ass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and
Gypsum Product Manufacturing
U.S. EPA Office of Water
EPA-833-F-06-020
December 2006
What is the NPDES stormwater permitting program for industrial
activity?
Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial
processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The
runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via
storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality.
In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated
with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be
either EPA or a state environmental agency, issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these
industrial facilities.
What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit
coverage?
This fact sheet discusses stormwater discharges from glass, clay, cement, concrete, and gypsum
product manufacturing facilities as described by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Major Group
32. Facilities and products in this group fall under the following categories, all of which require
coverage under an industrial stormwater permit:
4 Flat glass (SIC 3211)
4 Glass containers (SIC 3221)
4 Pressed and blown glass, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3229)
4 Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241)
4 Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251)
4 Ceramic wall and floor tile (SIC 3253)
4 Clay refractories (SIC 3255)
4 Structural clay products, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3259)
4 Vitreous china plumbing fixtures and china and earthenware fittings (SIC 3261)
4 Vitreous table and kitchen articles (SIC 3262)
4 Fine earthenware (whiteware) table and kitchen articles (SIC 3263)
4 Porcelain electrical supplies (SIC 3264)
4 Pottery products, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3269)
4 Concrete block and brick (SIC 3271)
4 Concrete products, except block and brick (SIC 3272)
4 Ready-mix concrete (SIC 3273)
4 Gypsum products (SIC 3275)
4 Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise treated (SIC 3295)
4- Non-clay refractories (SIC 3297)
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
What does an industrial storm water permit require?
Common requirements for coverage under an industrial stormwater permit include development of
a written stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), implementation of control measures, and
submittal of a request for permit coverage, usually referred to as the Notice of Intent or NOI. The
SWPPP is a written assessment of potential sources of pollutants in stormwater runoff and control
measures that will be implemented at your facility to minimize the discharge of these pollutants
in runoff from the site. These control measures include site-specific best management practices
(BMPs), maintenance plans, inspections, employee training, and reporting. The procedures detailed
in the SWPPP must be implemented by the facility and updated as necessary, with a copy of the
SWPPP kept on-site. The industrial stormwater permit also requires collection of visual, analytical,
and/or compliance monitoring data to determine the effectiveness of implemented BMPs. For more
information on EPA's industrial stormwater permit and links to State stormwater permits, go to
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwaterand click on "Industrial Activity."
What pollutants are associated with my facility's activities?
Pollutants conveyed in stormwater discharges from facilities involved with the manufacturing of glass,
clay, cement, concrete, and gypsum product will vary. There are a number of factors that influence to
what extent industrial activities and significant materials can affect water quality.
4 Geographic location
4 Topography
4 Hydrogeology
4 Extent of impervious surfaces (e.g.,, concrete or asphalt)
4 Type of ground cover (e.g., vegetation, crushed stone, or dirt)
4 Outdoor activities (e.g., material storage, loading/unloading, vehicle maintenance)
4 Size of the operation
4 Type, duration, and intensity of precipitation events
The activities, pollutant sources, and pollutants detailed in Table 1 are commonly found at glass, clay,
cement, concrete, and gypsum product manufacturing facilities.
Table 1. Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Glass, Clay, Cement,
Concrete, and Gypsum Product Manufacturing Facilities
Activity
Pollutant Source
Pollutant
Glass Manufacturing
Storage of materials
Exposed or spilled sand, soda ash, limestone, cullet, and petroleum
products
Total suspended solids
(TSS), chemical oxygen
demand (COD), oil and
grease (O&G), pH, lead
Clay Product Manufacturing
Storage of materials
Material handling,
including loading/
unloading
Forming/drying clay
products
Exposed ceramic parts, pryophyllite ore, shale, ball clay, fire clay,
kaolin, tile, silica, graphite, coke, coal, brick, sawdust, waste oil, and
used solvents
Exposed ceramic parts, liquid chemicals, ammonia, waste oil, used
solvents, pryophyllite ore, shale, ball clay, fire clay, kaolin, tile, alumina,
silica, graphite, coke, coal, olivine, magnesite magnesium carbonate,
brick, sawdust, and wooden pallets
Clay, shale, slag, cement, and lime
TSS, COD, O&G, pH, lead,
aluminum, zinc
TSS, COD, BOD,
TKN, O&G, pH, lead,
aluminum, zinc
TSS, pH
EPA-833-F-06-020
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
Table 1. Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Glass, Clay, Cement,
Concrete, and Gypsum Product Manufacturing Facilities (continued)
Activity
Pollutant Source
Pollutant
Cement Manufacturing
Storage of materials
Material handling
Crushing/grinding
Exposed kiln dust, limestone, shale, coal, clinker, gypsum, clay, slag,
and sand
Exposed kiln dust, limestone, shale, coal, clinker, gypsum, clay, slag,
anhydrite, and sand
Settled dust and ground limestone, cement, oyster shell, chalk, and
clinker
TSS, pH, COD, potassium,
sulfate
TSS, pH, COD, potassium,
sulfate, O&G
TSS, pH
Concrete Product Manufacturing
Storage of materials
Material handling
Mixing concrete
Casting/forming
concrete products
Vehicle and
equipment washing
Exposed aggregate (sand and gravel), concrete, shale, clay, limestone,
slate, slag, and pumice
Exposed aggregate, concrete, shale, clay, limestone, slate, slag, and
pumice as well as spills or leaks of cement, fly ash, admixtures and
baghouse settled dust
Spilled aggregate, cement, and admixture
Concrete, aggregate, form release agents, reinforcing steel, latex
sealants, and bitumastic coatings
Residual aggregate, concrete, admixture, O&G in washwater
TSS, COD, pH
TSS, COD, pH, lead, iron,
zinc
TSS, pH, COD, lead, iron,
zinc
TSS, pH, O&G, COD, BOD
TSS, pH, COD, O&G
Gypsum Manufacturing
Storage of materials
Material handling
Crushing/grinding of
gypsum rock
Exposed gypsum rock, synthetic gypsum, recycled gypsum and
wallboard, stucco, perlite ore/expanded perlite, and coal
Exposed or spilled gypsum rock, synthetic gypsum, recycled gypsum
and wallboard, stucco, perlite ore/expanded perlite, and coal
Exposed or spilled gypsum rock and dust
TSS, COD, pH
TSS, pH, COD
TSS, pH
All Facilities
Equipment/vehicle
maintenance
Leaks or spills of gasoline, diesel, fuel, anc
Parts cleaning
Waste disposal of solvents, oily rags, oil and gas filters, batteries,
coolants, and degreasers
Fluid replacement including lubricating fluids, hydraulic fluid, oil
transmission fluid, radiator fluids, solvents, and grease
Vehicle fueling
O&G, BOD, COD
COD, BOD, O&G, pH
O&G, lead, iron, zinc,
aluminum, COD, pH
O&G, arsenic, lead,
cadmium, chromium,
COD, benzene
Gas/diesel fuel, fuel
additives
What BMPs can be used to minimize contact between stormwater
and potential pollutants at my facility?
A variety of BMP options may be applicable to eliminate or minimize the presence of pollutants
in stormwater discharges from glass, clay, cement, concrete, and gypsum product manufacturing
facilities. You will likely need to implement a combination or suite of BMPs to address stormwater
runoff at your facility. Your first consideration should be for pollution prevention BMPs, which
are designed to prevent or minimize pollutants from entering stormwater runoff and/or reduce
the volume of stormwater requiring management. Prevention BMPs can include regular cleanup.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
collection and containment of debris in storage areas, and other housekeeping practices, spill control,
and employee training. It may also be necessary to implement treatment BMPs, which are engineered
structures intended to treat stormwater runoff and/or mitigate the effects of increased stormwater
runoff peak rate, volume, and velocity. Treatment BMPs are generally more expensive to install and
maintain and include oil-water separators, wet ponds, and proprietary filter devices.
Pavement Washwaters
A primary source of pollutants in the stormwater discharges from glass, clay, cement, concrete,
and gypsum product manufacturing facilities are spilled materials or settled dust from material
handling processes. As these materials have the potential for being conveyed in pavement
washwater, a primary focus of the pollution prevention plan requirements for these facilities are
good housekeeping measures, in particular, sweeping the paved portions of the site surrounding the
material handling areas.
When mixed with stormwater, pavement washwaters are authorized under an industrial stormwater
permit. However, the accumulated fly ash, cement, aggregate, kiln dust, clay, concrete, or other
dry significant materials handled at the facility must be removed in a dry form from the pavement
by measures such as sweeping or vacuuming. Washing the paved areas without first removing the
accumulated solids may result in the discharge of these pollutants in the washwater unless it is
contained on-site or otherwise collected without discharge. Washwaters may be collected into a BMP
designed to remove solids prior to discharge, such as sediments basins, retention basins, and other
equivalent measures. Where possible, pavement washwater shall be directed to process wastewater
treatment or recycling systems.
A number of facilities in the concrete products industry maintain washwater recycle/retention ponds
which receive the process wastewater from equipment cleaning and other operations. There ponds
may also receive a portion or all of the runoff from the industrial site. These facilities are required to
provide an estimate of the depth of the 24-hour duration storm event that would cause the recycle/
retention pond to overflow and discharge to receiving waters. Methods to make this estimate can
include, but are not limited to, the original design calculations for the recycle/retention pond or
historical observation.
BMPs must be selected and implemented to address the following:
Good Housekeeping Practices
Good housekeeping is a practical, cost-effective way to maintain a clean and orderly facility to
prevent potential pollution sources from coming into contact with stormwater. It includes establishing
protocols to reduce the possibility of mishandling materials or equipment and training employees
in good housekeeping techniques. Common areas where good housekeeping practices should be
followed include trash containers and adjacent areas, material storage areas, vehicle and equipment
maintenance areas, and loading docks. Good housekeeping practices must include a schedule for
regular pickup and disposal of garbage and waste materials and routine inspections of drums, tanks,
and containers for leaks and structural conditions. Practices also include containing and covering
garbage, waste materials, and debris. Involving employees in routine monitoring of housekeeping
practices has proven to be an effective means of ensuring the continued implementation of these
measures.
Specific good housekeeping practices for glass, clay, cement, concrete, and gypsum product
manufacturing facilities include:
4 Preventing or minimizing the discharge of spilled cement; aggregate (including sand or gravel);
kiln dust; fly ash; settled dust; or other significant material in stormwater from paved portions
of the site that are exposed to precipitation.
4 Using regular sweeping or other equivalent measures to minimize the presence of these
materials.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
4 Preventing the exposure of fine granular solids (cement, fly ash, kiln dust, etc.) to stormwater
where practicable, by storing these materials in enclosed silos/hoppers, buildings, or under
other covering.
Minimizing Exposure
Where feasible, minimizing exposure of potential pollutant sources to precipitation is an important
control option. Minimizing exposure prevents pollutants, including debris, from coming into contact
with precipitation and can reduce the need for BMPs to treat contaminated stormwater runoff. It can
also prevent debris from being picked up by stormwater and carried into drains and surface waters.
Examples of BMPs for exposure minimization include covering materials or activities with temporary
structures (e.g., tarps) when wet weather is expected or moving materials or activities to existing
or new permanent structures (e.g., buildings, silos, sheds). Even the simple practice of keeping a
dumpster lid closed can be a very effective pollution prevention measure.
Erosion and Sediment Control
BMPs must be selected and implemented to limit erosion on areas of your site that, due to
topography, activities, soils, cover, materials, or other factors are likely to experience erosion. Erosion
control BMPs such as seeding, mulching, and sodding prevent soil from becoming dislodged and
should be considered first. Sediment control BMPs such as silt fences, sediment ponds, and stabilized
entrances trap sediment after it has eroded. Sediment control BMPs should be used to back-up
erosion control BMPs.
Management of Runoff
Your SWPPP must contain a narrative evaluation of the appropriateness of stormwater management
practices that divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage stormwater runoff so as to reduce the
discharge of pollutants. Appropriate measures are highly site-specific, but may include, among others,
vegetative swales, collection and reuse of stormwater, inlet controls, snow management, infiltration
devices, and wet retention measures.
A combination of preventive and treatment BMPs will yield the most effective stormwater
management for minimizing the offsite discharge of pollutants via stormwater runoff. Though not
specifically outlined in this fact sheet, BMPs must also address preventive maintenance records or
logbooks, regular facility inspections, spill prevention and response, and employee training.
All BMPs require regular maintenance to function as intended. Some management measures have
simple maintenance requirements, others are quite involved. You must regularly inspect all BMPs to
ensure they are operating properly, including during runoff events. As soon as a problem is found,
action to resolve it should be initiated immediately.
Implement BMPs, such as those listed below in Table 2 for the control of pollutants at glass, clay,
cement, concrete, and gypsum product manufacturing facilities, to minimize and prevent the
discharge of pollutants in stormwater. Identifying weaknesses in current facility practices will aid
the permittee in determining appropriate BMPs that will achieve a reduction in pollutant loadings.
BMPs listed in Table 2 are broadly applicable to glass, clay, cement, concrete, and gypsum product
manufacturing facilities; however, this is not a complete list and you are recommended to consult
with regulatory agencies or a stormwater engineer/consultant to identify appropriate BMPs for your
facility.
EPA-833-F-06-020
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
Table 2. BMPS for Potential Pollutant Sources at Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
Pollutant Sources
BMPs
Storing dry bulk
materials including
sand, gravel, clay,
cement, fly ash, kiln
dust, and gypsum
FJ Store materials in an enclosed silo or building.
FJ Cover material storage pile with a tarp or awning.
Q Confine storage to designated and labeled areas outside of drainage pathways and away
from surface waters.
Q Practice good stockpiling practices such as: storing materials on concrete or asphalt pads;
surrounding stockpiles with diversion dikes or curbs to limit run-on and to slow runoff.
Q Install sediment basins, silt fence, vegetated filter strips, or other sediment removal measures
downstream/downslope.
Q Only store washed sand and gravel outdoors.
Handling bulk
materials including
sand, gravel, clay,
cement, fly ash, kiln
dust, and gypsum
Q Use dust collection systems (e.g., bag houses) to collect airborne particles generated as a
result of handling operations.
FJ Promptly dispose of waste materials from dust collection systems and other operations.
FJ Remove spilled material and settled dust from paved portions of the facility by shoveling and
sweeping on a regular basis.
FJ Periodically clean material handling equipment and vehicles to remove accumulated dust and
residue.
FJ Install sediment basins, silt fence, vegetated filter strips, or other sediment removal measures
downstream/downslope.
Q Train employees in good housekeeping, spill prevention and control, and materials
management.
Mixing operations
Use dust collection systems (e.g., bag houses) to collect airborne particles generated as a
result of mixing operations.
Remove spilled material and settled dust from the mixing area by shoveling and sweeping on
a regular basis.
Clean exposed mixing equipment after mixing operations are complete.
Install sediment basins, silt fence, vegetated filter strips, or other sediment removal measures
downstream/downslope.
Train employees in good housekeeping, spill prevention and control, and materials
management procedures.
Dust collection
Schedule maintenance of dust collection system and baghouse.
Regularly remove and recycle or dispose of collected dust to minimize exposure to
precipitation.
Pouring and curing
pre-cast concrete
products
Pour and cure precast products in a covered area.
Clean forms in a designated area designed to prevent the discharge of waste materials.
Clean forms before storing outdoors.
Vehicle fueling
FJ Conduct fueling operations (including the transfer of fuel from tank trucks) on an impervious
or contained pad or under a roof or canopy where possible. Covering should extend beyond
spill containment pad to prevent rain from entering.
Q When fueling in an uncovered area, conduct fueling operations on a concrete pad (asphalt is
not chemically resistant to the fuels being handled).
Q Use drip pans where leaks or spills of fuel can occur and where making and breaking hose
connections.
FJ Use fueling hoses with check valves to prevent hose drainage after filling.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
Table 2. BMPS for Potential Pollutant Sources at Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities (continued)
Pollutant Sources
BMPs
Vehicle fueling
(continued)
FJ Use spill and overflow protection devices.
FJ Keep spill cleanup materials readily available. Clean up spills and leaks immediately.
FJ Minimize/eliminate run-on into fueling areas with diversion dikes, berms, curbing, surface
grading or other equivalent measures.
Q Collect stormwater runoff and provide treatment or recycling.
Q Use dry cleanup methods for fuel area rather than hosing down the fuel area. Follow
procedures for sweeping up absorbents as soon as spilled substances have been absorbed.
Q Provide curbing or posts around fuel pumps to prevent collisions from vehicles.
Q Discourage "topping off" of fuel tanks.
Q Regularly inspect and perform preventive maintenance on fuel storage tanks to detect
potential leaks before they occur.
FJ Inspect the fueling area for leaks and spills.
FJ Train personnel on vehicle fueling BMPs.
Vehicle and
equipment washing
Good Housekeeping
FJ Confine vehicle and equipment washing to designated areas outside of drainage pathways,
away from surface waters and that drain to recycle ponds or process wastewater treatment
systems.
Q Clean washwater residue from portions of the site that drain offsite.
Q Train employees on proper procedure for washing vehicles and equipment including a
discussion of the appropriate location for vehicle washing.
Vehicle and
equipment
maintenance
Good Housekeeping
FJ Eliminate floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer; if necessary, install a
sump that is pumped regularly. Collected wastes should be properly treated or disposed of by
a licensed waste hauler.
FJ Do all cleaning at a centralized station so the solvents stay in one area.
Q If parts are dipped in liquid, remove them slowly to avoid spills.
Q Use drip pans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips back into a fluid holding tank for
reuse.
Q Drain all parts of fluids prior to disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled.
FJ Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper container; do not leave full drip pans or other
open containers around the shop. Empty and clean drip pans and containers.
FJ Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills without using large amounts of water. Use absorbents
for dry cleanup whenever possible.
FJ Prohibit the practice of hosing down an area where the practice would result in the discharge
of pollutants to a stormwater system.
Q Do not pour liquid waste into floor drains, sinks, outdoor storm drain inlets, or other storm
drains or sewer connections.
Q Maintain an organized inventory of materials.
Q Eliminate or reduce the number and amount of hazardous materials and waste by
substituting nonhazardous or less hazardous materials.
Q Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
Table 2. BMPS for Potential Pollutant Sources at Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities (continued)
Pollutant Sources
BMPs
Vehicle and
equipment
maintenance
(continued)
Good Housekeeping (continued)
Q Store batteries and other significant materials indoors.
FJ Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers in
compliance with RCRA regulations.
Minimizing Exposure
Q Perform all cleaning operations indoors or under covering when possible. Conduct the
cleaning operations in an area with a concrete floor with no floor drainage other than to
sanitary sewers or treatment facilities.
FJ If operations are uncovered, perform them on concrete pad that is impervious and contained.
Q Park vehicles and equipment indoors or under a roof whenever possible and maintain proper
control of oil leaks/spills.
Q Check vehicles closely for leaks and use pans to collect fluid when leaks occur.
Management of Runoff
FJ Use berms, curbs, grassed swales or other diversion measures to ensure that stormwater
runoff from other parts of the facility does not flow over the maintenance area.
FJ Collect the stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and provide treatment or recycling.
Discharge vehicle wash or rinse water to the sanitary sewer (if allowed by sewer authority),
wastewater treatment, a land application site, or recycle on-site. DO NOT discharge
washwater to a storm drain or surface water.
Inspections and Training
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented
Q Train employees on proper waste control and disposal procedures.
What if activities and materials at my facility are not exposed to
precipitation ?
The industrial stormwater program requires permit coverage for a number of specified types of
industrial activities. However, when a facility is able to prevent the exposure of ALL relevant activities
and materials to precipitation, it may be eligible to claim no exposure and qualify for a waiver from
permit coverage.
If you are regulated under the industrial permitting program, you must either obtain permit coverage
or submit a no exposure certification form, if available. Check with your permitting authority for
additional information as not every permitting authority program provides no exposure exemptions.
Where do I get more information?
For additional information on the industrial stormwater program see
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp.
A list of names and telephone numbers for each EPA Region or state NPDES permitting authority can
be found at www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatercontacts.
EPA-833-F-06-020
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector E: Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product
Manufacturing Facilities
References
Information contained in this Fact Sheet was compiled from EPA's past and current Multi-Sector
General Permits and from the following sources:
4 City of Phoenix, Street Transportation Department, Storm Water Management Section. 2004.
Prevent Stormwater Contamination Best Management Practices for: Section E - Glass, Clay,
Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product Manufacturers. SIC Codes: 3210-3299."
http://phoenix.gov/STREETS/glasclay.pdf
4 Orange County, California, Watershed & Coastal Resources Division. "Concrete and Asphalt
Production, Application, and Cutting."
www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/documents_bmp_existing_development.asp#ind
4 USEPA. Stormwater Management for Industrial Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices. 1992. EPA832-R-92-006.
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
4 USEPA, Office of Compliance and Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. 1995. EPA
Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project: Profile of the Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Industry. EPA-310-R-95-017.
www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/stone.html
4 USEPA, Office of Science and Technology. 1999. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban
Stormwater Best Management Practices. EPA-821-R-99-012.
www.epa.gov/OST/stormwater/
4 USEPA, Office of Wastewater Management. NPDES Stormwater Multi-Sector General Permit for
Industrial Activities (MSGP).
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp
4 World Bank Group. "Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: Cement Manufacturing."
www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_EHSGuidelines2007_
CementandLimeMfg/$FILE/Final+-+Cement+and+Lime+Manufacturing.pdf
4 World Bank Group. "Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: Glass Manufacturing."
www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_EHSGuidelines2007_
GlassMfg/$FILE/Final+-+Glass+Manufacturing.pdf
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