INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER
FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste
Recycling Facilities
U.S. EPA Office of Water
EPA-833-F-06-029
December 2006
What is the NPDES stormwater program for industrial activity?
Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial
processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The
runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via
storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality.
In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated
with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be
either EPA or a state environmental agency, issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these
industrial facilities.
What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit
coverage?
This fact sheet specifically discusses stormwater discharges various industries including scrap recycling
and waste recycling facilities as defined by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Major Group Code
50 (5093). Facilities and products in this group fall under the following categories, all of which require
coverage under an industrial stormwater permit:
4 Scrap and waste recycling facilities (non-source separated, non-liquid recyclable materials)
engaged in processing, reclaiming, and wholesale distribution of scrap and waste materials
such as ferrous and nonferrous metals, paper, plastic, cardboard, glass, and animal hides.
4 Waste recycling facilities (liquid recyclable materials) engaged in reclaiming and recycling
liquid wastes such as used oil, antifreeze, mineral spirits, and industrial solvents.
4 Recycling facilities that only receive source-separated recyclable materials primarily from non-
industrial and residential sources (i.e., common consumer products including paper, newspaper,
glass, cardboard, plastic containers, aluminum and tin cans); including recycling facilities
commonly referred to as material recovery facilities (MRF).
What does an industrial stormwater permit require?
Common requirements for coverage under an industrial stormwater permit include development of a
written stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), implementation of control measures, and sub-
mittal of a request for permit coverage, usually referred to as the Notice of Intent or NOI. The SWPPP
is a written assessment of potential sources of pollutants in stormwater runoff and control measures
that will be implemented at your facility to minimize the discharge of these pollutants in runoff from
the site. These control measures include site-specific best management practices (BMPs), maintenance
plans, inspections, employee training, and reporting. The procedures detailed in the SWPPP must be
implemented by the facility and updated as necessary, with a copy of the SWPPP kept on-site. The in-
dustrial stormwater permit also requires collection of visual, analytical, and/or compliance monitoring
data to determine the effectiveness of implemented BMPs. For more information on EPA's industrial
stormwater permit and links to State stormwater permits, go to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
and click on "Industrial Activity."
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
What pollutants are associated with activities at my facility?
Pollutants conveyed in stormwater discharges from scrap recycling and waste recycling facilities will
vary. There are a number of factors that influence to what extent industrial activities and significant
materials can affect water quality.
4 Geographic location
4 Topography
4 Hydrogeology
4 Extent of impervious surfaces (e.g., concrete or asphalt)
4 Type of ground cover (e.g., vegetation, crushed stone, or dirt)
4 Outdoor activities (e.g., material storage, loading/unloading, vehicle maintenance)
4 Size of the operation
4 Type, duration, and intensity of precipitation events
Each scrap recycling and waste recycling facility is unique in regards to sources, type, and volume
of contaminated stormwater discharges. Sources of pollutants other than stormwater, such as illicit
connections, spills, and other improperly dumped materials, may increase pollutant loadings in
discharges. Each of the three types of facilities included in the scrap recycling and waste recycling
facilities group are dissimilar from one another in the operations and types of materials handled. As a
result, there is variation in pollutants for which BMPs may be necessary to address.
The activities, pollutant sources, and pollutants detailed in Table 1 are commonly found at scrap
recycling and waste recycling facilities.
Table 1. Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Scrap Recycling and
Waste Recycling Facilities
Activity
Pollutant Source
Pollutant
Scrap and Waste Recycling Facilities (non-source separated, non-liquid recyclable materials)
Stockpiling and storage of materials
(including loading and unloading)
Leaking of various fluids from used
automotive engines, radiators, brake
fluid reservoirs, transmission housings,
other vehicle parts, and lead-acid from
batteries
Deterioration/corrosion of materials
PCBs, oil and grease, lubricants, paint
pigments or additives, heavy metals,
ionizing radioactive isotopes, transmission
and brake fluids, fuel, battery acid, lead
acid, antifreeze, benzene, chemical
residue, heating oil, petroleum products,
solvents, ionizing radioactive isotopes,
infectious/bacterial contamination,
asbestos, metals, total Kjeldahl nitrogen
(TKN), battery acid, oily wastes, chemical
residue
Material processing:
Air pollution equipment (including
incinerators, furnaces, wet
scrubbers, filter houses, and bag
houses)
Normal equipment operations that
include the collection and disposal
of filter bag material and ash,
process wastewater from scrubbers,
accumulation of particulate matter
around leaking joint connections,
malfunctioning pumps and motors
(e.g., leaking gaskets, seals or
pipe connections, leaking oil-filled
transformer casings)
Hydraulic fluids, oils, fuels, grease and
other lubricants, accumulated particulate
matter, chemical additives, and PCBs from
oil-filled electrical equipment.
EPA-833-F-06-029
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 1. Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Scrap Recycling and
Waste Recycling Facilities (continued)
Activity
Pollutant Source
Pollutant
Material processing:
Combustion engines
Spills and/or leaks from fuel tanks,
spills/leaks from oil/hydraulic fuel
reservoirs, faulty/leaking hose
connections, worn gaskets, leaking
transmissions, crankcases, and brake
systems (if applicable), leaking battery
casings and/or corroded terminals
Accumulated particulate matter, oil/
lubricants, gas/diesel fuel, fuel additives,
antifreeze (ethylene glycol), battery acid,
and products of incomplete combustion
Material processing:
Material handling systems (forklifts,
cranes, and conveyors)
Spills and leaks from fuel tanks,
hydraulic and oil reservoirs due to
malfunction parts (e.g., worn gaskets
and parts, leaking hose connections,
and faulty seals).
Hydraulic fluids, oils, fuels and fuel
additives, grease and other lubricants,
accumulated particulate matter, chemical
additives, mercury, lead, battery acid
Damaged or faulty electrical switches
(mercury filled).
Damaged or leaking battery casings,
including exposed corroded battery
terminals.
Damaged or worn bearing housings
Material processing:
Stationary scrap processing facilities
(balers, briquetters, shredders,
shearers, compactors, engine block/
cast iron breakers, wire chopper,
turnings crusher)
Leaks from hydraulic reservoirs,
hose and fitting connections, worn
gaskets, spills or leaks from fuel
tanks, particulates/residue from scrap
processing, malfunctioning pumps and
motors (e.g., leaking gaskets, seals
or pipe connections, leaking oil-filled
transformer casings)
Heavy metals (e.g., zinc, copper, lead,
cadmium, chromium) and hydraulic fluids,
PCBs
Material processing:
Hydraulic equipment and systems,
balers/briquetter, shredders,
shearers, compactors, engine block/
cast iron breaker, wire chopper,
turnings crusher
Particulate/residue from material
processing, spills and/or leaks from fuel
tanks, spills/leaks from oil/hydraulic
fuel reservoirs, faulty/leaking hose
connections/fittings, leaking gaskets
Hydraulic fluids/oils, lubricants, particulate
matter from combustion engines,
PCBs (oilfilled electrical equipment
components), heavy metals (nonferrous,
ferrous)
Material processing:
Electrical control systems
(transformers, electrical switch gear,
motor starters)
Oil leakage from transformers, leakage
from mercury float switches, faulty
detection devices
PCBs, mercury (float switches), ionizing
radioactive material (fire/smoke detection
systems)
Material processing:
Torch cutting
Residual/accumulated particulates
Heavy metal fragments, fines
Material handling systems
Spills and/or leaks from fuel tanks,
spills/leaks from oil/hydraulic fuel
reservoirs, faulty/leaking hose
connections/fittings, leaking gaskets
Accumulated particulate matter (ferrous
and nonferrous metals, plastics, rubber,
other), oil/lubricants, PCBs (electrical
equipment), mercury (electrical controls),
lead/battery acids
Vehicle maintenance
Parts cleaning, waste disposal of rags,
oil filters, air filters, batteries, hydraulic
fluids, transmission fluids, brake fluids,
coolants, lubricants, degreasers, spent
solvents
Gas/diesel fuel, fuel additives, oil/
lubricants, heavy metals, brake fluids,
transmission fluids, chlorinated solvents,
arsenic
Vehicle fueling
Spills and leaks during fuel transfer,
spills due to "topping off" tanks,
runoff from fueling areas, washdown
of fueling areas, leaking storage tanks,
spills of oils, brake fluids, transmission
fluids, engine coolants
Gas/diesel fuel, fuel additives, oil,
lubricants, heavy metals
Vehicle and equipment cleaning and
washing
Washing and steam cleaning
Solvent cleaners, oil/lubricants/additives,
antifreeze (ethylene glycol)
EPA-833-F-06-029
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 1. Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Scrap Recycling and
Waste Recycling Facilities (continued)
Activity
Pollutant Source
Pollutant
Waste Recycling Facilities (liquid recyclable materials)
Drum/individual container storage
and handling
Return and fill stations
Storage tank operations
Material handling equipment
Vehicle and equipment maintenance
(if applicable)
Vehicle or equipment washing (if
applicable)
Leaks or spills due to faulty container/
drum integrity (e.g., leaking seals
or ports). Container materials
incompatible with waste material.
Improper stacking and storage of
containers
Leaks, spills, or overflows from tanker
truck transfer of wastes and hose
drainage. Leaking pipes, valves,
pumps, worn or deteriorated gaskets
or seals
Overfill of storage tanks, leaking pipes,
valves, worn or deteriorated pumps
seals. Leaking underground storage
tanks.
Leaking fuel lines, worn gaskets,
leaking hydraulic lines and connections
Replacement of fluids such as
transmission and brake fluids,
antifreeze, oil and other lubricants,
washdown of maintenance areas,
dumping fluids down floor drains
connected to storm sewer system,
outside storage of fluids and oily rags
and waste material
Wash water or steam cleaning
Mineral spirits, industrial solvents,
immersion cleaners, dry cleaner, solvents,
paint solvents, spent antifreeze
Mineral spirits, industrial solvents,
immersion cleaners, dry cleaner, solvents,
paint solvents, spent antifreeze
Mineral spirits, industrial solvents,
immersion cleaners, dry cleaner, solvents,
paint solvents, spent antifreeze
Fuel, hydraulic fluid, oil and grease
Oil and grease, fuel, accumulated
particulate matter, antifreeze
Oil, detergents, chlorinated solvents,
suspended solids and accumulated
particulate matter
Recycling Facilities
Unknowing acceptance of
nonrecyclable materials and/or small
quantities of household hazardous
wastes
Outdoor material storage
Processing and storage
Vehicle maintenance
Inbound recyclable materials
Deterioration of wastepaper and
unprocessed aluminum beverage
containers
Illicit connections or improper dumping
to floor drains discharging to a storm
sewer system
Washing down tipping floor areas
Replacement of fluids such as
transmission and brake fluids,
antifreeze, oil and other lubricants,
washdown of maintenance areas,
dumping fluids down floor drains
connected to storm sewer system,
outside storage of fluids and oily rags
and waste material
Dependant on material
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Dependant on material
Oil and grease, gas/diesel fuel,
accumulated particulate matter,
antifreeze (ethylene glycol)
EPA-833-F-06-029
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
What BMPs can be used to minimize contact between stormwater
and potential pollutants at my facility?
A variety of BMP options may be applicable to eliminate or minimize the presence of pollutants
in stormwater discharges from scrap recycling and waste recycling facilities. You will likely need to
implement a combination or suite of BMPs to address stormwater runoff at your facility. Your first
consideration should be for pollution prevention BMPs, which are designed to prevent or minimize
pollutants from entering stormwater runoff and/or reduce the volume of stormwater requiring
management. Prevention BMPs can include regular cleanup, collection and containment of debris
in storage areas, and other housekeeping practices, spill control, and employee training. It may
also be necessary to implement treatment BMPs, which are engineered structures intended to treat
stormwater runoff and/or mitigate the effects of increased stormwater runoff peak rate, volume, and
velocity. Treatment BMPs are generally more expensive to install and maintain and include oil-water
separators, wet ponds, and proprietary filter devices.
BMPs must be selected and implemented to address the following:
Good Housekeeping Practices
Good housekeeping is a practical, cost-effective way to maintain a clean and orderly facility to prevent
potential pollution sources from coming into contact with stormwater. It includes establishing protocols
to reduce the possibility of mishandling materials or equipment and training employees in good
housekeeping techniques. Common areas where good housekeeping practices should be followed
include trash containers and adjacent areas, material storage areas, vehicle and equipment maintenance
areas, and loading docks. Good housekeeping practices must include a schedule for regular pickup and
disposal of garbage and waste materials and routine inspections of drums, tanks, and containers for
leaks and structural conditions. Practices also include containing and covering garbage, waste materials,
and debris. Involving employees in routine monitoring of housekeeping practices has proven to be an
effective means of ensuring the continued implementation of these measures.
Minimizing Exposure
Where feasible, minimizing exposure of potential pollutant sources to precipitation is an important
control option. Minimizing exposure prevents pollutants, including debris, from coming into contact
with precipitation and can reduce the need for BMPs to treat contaminated stormwater runoff. It can
also prevent debris from being picked up by stormwater and carried into drains and surface waters.
Examples of BMPs for exposure minimization include covering materials or activities with temporary
structures (e.g., tarps) when wet weather is expected or moving materials or activities to existing
or new permanent structures (e.g., buildings, silos, sheds). Even the simple practice of keeping a
dumpster lid closed can be a very effective pollution prevention measure.
Erosion and Sediment Control
BMPs must be selected and implemented to limit erosion on areas of your site that, due to
topography, activities, soils, cover, materials, or other factors are likely to experience erosion. Erosion
control BMPs such as seeding, mulching, and sodding prevent soil from becoming dislodged and
should be considered first. Sediment control BMPs such as silt fences, sediment ponds, and stabilized
entrances trap sediment after it has eroded. Sediment control BMPs should be used to back-up
erosion control BMPs.
Management of Runoff
Your SWPPP must contain a narrative evaluation of the appropriateness of stormwater management
practices that divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage stormwater runoff so as to reduce the
discharge of pollutants. Appropriate measures are highly site-specific, but may include, among others,
vegetative swales, collection and reuse of stormwater, inlet controls, snow management, infiltration
devices, and wet retention measures.
EPA-833-F-06-029 5
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
A combination of preventive and treatment BMPs will yield the most effective stormwater
management for minimizing the offsite discharge of pollutants via stormwater runoff. Though not
specifically outlined in this fact sheet, BMPs must also address preventive maintenance records or
logbooks, regular facility inspections, spill prevention and response, and employee training.
All BMPs require regular maintenance to function as intended. Some management measures have
simple maintenance requirements, others are quite involved. You must regularly inspect all BMPs to
ensure they are operating properly, including during runoff events. As soon as a problem is found,
action to resolve it should be initiated immediately.
Implement BMPs, such as those listed below in Table 2 for the control of pollutants at scrap recycling
and waste recycling facilities, to minimize and prevent the discharge of pollutants in stormwater.
Identifying weaknesses in current facility practices will aid the permittee in determining appropriate
BMPs that will achieve a reduction in pollutant loadings. BMPs listed in Table 2 are broadly applicable
to scrap recycling and waste recycling facilities; however, this is not a complete list and you are
recommended to consult with regulatory agencies or a stormwater engineer/consultant to identify
appropriate BMPs for your facility.
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Activity
BMPs
Scrap and Waste Recycling Facilities (non-source separated, non-liquid recyclable materials)
Inbound recyclable and
waste material control
Q Provide information/education to suppliers of scrap and recyclable waste materials on
draining and properly disposing of residual fluids (e.g., from vehicles and equipment
engines, radiators and transmissions, oil filled transformers, and individual containers or
drums), prior to delivery to your facility.
FJ Create a written list of materials that will not be accepted at the facility and materials
that will be accepted, but require special handling procedures.
FJ Train employees engaged in the inspection and acceptance of inbound recyclable
materials.
Q Inspect incoming materials for items on the prohibited materials/ special handling list.
Have truck drivers picking up loads offsite conduct preliminary inspections for items on
the list before hauling.
Q Check incoming scrap materials for potential fluid contents and batteries.
Q Drain all fluids from vehicles upon arrival at the site. Segregate the fluids and properly
store or dispose of them. Drain fluids only in designated area over impervious surfaces or
drip pans. Contain the area to prevent stormwater run-on and runoff. Cover area with
roofs or tarps.
FJ Keep waste streams separate (e.g., waste oil and mineral spirits).
FJ Store liquid wastes, including used oil, in materially compatible and non-leaking
containers and disposed or recycled in accordance with RCRA. Nonhazardous substances
that are contaminated with a hazardous substance are considered a hazardous substance.
Q Recycle antifreeze, gasoline, used oil, mineral spirits, and solvents.
Q Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers
properly.
FJ Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
FJ Drain oil filters before disposal or recycling.
FJ Store cracked batteries in a nonleaking secondary container.
FJ Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper container. Do not leave full drip pans or other
open containers around the shop. Empty and clean drip pans and containers.
FJ Do not pour liquid waste down floor drains, sinks, or outdoor storm drain inlets.
EPA-833-F-06-029
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
BMPs
Inbound recyclable and
waste material control
(continued)
FJ Plug floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer. If necessary, install a
sump that is pumped regularly.
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly for proper implementation of control measures.
Q Filter stormwater discharges with devices such as oil/water separators.
FJ Train employees on proper waste control and disposal procedures.
FJ Establish and implement procedures to educate auto scrap providers of need to remove
mercury switches from hood and trunk lighting units and anti-lock break system units.
Outside scrap material
storage: (liquids)
FJ Use drip pans under all vehicles and equipment waiting for processing.
FJ Store batteries on impervious surfaces. Curb, dike, or berm this area.
Q Confine storage to designated areas.
FJ Cover all storage areas with a permanent (e.g., roofs) or temporary cover (e.g., canvas
tarps).
Q Install diversion devices such as curbing, berms, containment trenches, culverts, or dikes
around storage areas.
Q Install oil/water separators, sumps, and dry absorbents for areas where potential sources
pf residual fluids are stockpiled (e.g., automobile engine storage areas).
FJ Inspect the storage yard for filled drip pans and other problems regularly.
Q Train employees on procedures for storage and inspection items.
Scrap material storage:
(bulk solid materials)
Minimize runoff from coming into areas where significant materials are stored (e.g.,
diversion structures such as curbing, berms, containment trenches, surface grading, and
elevated concrete pads) or other equivalent measure.
Use adsorbents or collect leaks or spills of oil, fuel, transmission, and brake fluids (e.g.,
dry absorbent, drip pans).
Locate spill pans under stored vehicles.
Install media filters such as catch basin and sand filters.
Install oil/water separator in storage areas with vehicle transmissions and engines.
Provide nonrecyclable waste storage bins and containers.
Conduct periodic inspections. Conduct preventative maintenance as necessary.
Provide equipment operator training to minimize damage to controls (e.g., curbing and
berms).
Other storage:
(lightweight materials)
FJ Maintain good integrity of all storage containers.
FJ Install safeguards (such as diking or berming) against accidental releases.
Q Inspect storage tanks to detect potential leaks and perform preventive maintenance.
FJ Inspect piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and valves) for failures
or leaks.
Q Train employees on proper filling and transfer procedures.
Scrap processing
operations
Provide containment bins or equivalent for shredded material, especially lightweight
materials such as fluff (preferably at the discharge of these materials from the air
classification system).
Provide cover over hydraulic equipment and combustion engines. Provide dry-cleanup
materials (e.g., dry-adsorbents, drip pans, etc.) to prevent contact of hydraulic fluids, oils,
fuels, etc., with stormwater runoff.
EPA-833-F-06-029
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
BMPs
Scrap processing
operations (continued)
FJ Site process equipment on elevated concrete pads or provide runoff diversion structures
around process equipment, berms, containment trenches surface grading, or other
equivalent measure. Discharge runoff from within bermed areas to a sump, oil/water
separator, media filter, or discharge to sanitary sewer.
Q Stabilize high traffic areas (e.g., concrete pads, gravel, and pavement around processing
equipment) where practicable.
FJ Provide alarm, pump shutoff, or sufficient containment for hydraulic reservoirs in the
event of a line break.
FJ Provide site gages or overfill protection devices for all liquid and fuel storage reservoirs
and tanks.
Q Schedule frequent cleaning of accumulated fluids and particulate residue around all
scrap processing equipment.
Q Schedule frequent inspections of equipment for spills or leakage of fluids, oil, fuel, and/
or hydraulic fluids due to malfunctioning, worn, or corroded parts or equipment.
FJ Conduct routine preventive maintenance of equipment per original manufacturer's
equipment (OME) recommendations. Replace worn or malfunctioning parts.
FJ Conduct periodic maintenance and clean out of all sumps, oil/water separators, and/or
media filters. Dispose of residual waste materials properly (e.g., according to RCRA).
Q Install retention/detention ponds or basins, sediment traps, vegetated swales or strips for
pollutant settling/filtration.
Q Establish spill prevention and response procedures, including employee training.
FJ Provide training to equipment operators on how to minimize exposure of runoff to scrap
processing areas.
Scrap lead acid battery
program
Store batteries indoors on an impervious surface. Raise batteries off the floor with pallets
or store in covered, leak-proof containers.
Separate all scrap batteries from other scrap materials.
Establish procedures for the collection, storage, handling, and disposition of cracked or
broken batteries in accordance with applicable Federal regulations (e.g., RCRA).
Establish special handling procedures for cracked or broken batteries. Neutralize acid
leaks with sodium carbonate, soda ash, or other absorbent materials.
Establish inspection and acceptance procedures for scrap lead-acid batteries. Provide
supplier training on acceptance practices for scrap batteries.
Provide employee training on the safe handling, storage, and disposition of scrap
batteries.
Supplies for Process
Equipment
Locate storage drums containing liquids, including oils and lubricants indoors.
Alternatively, site palletized drums and containers on an impervious surface and provide
sufficient containment around the materials. Provide sumps and/or oil/water separators,
if necessary.
Conduct periodic inspections of containment areas and containers/drums for corrosion.
Perform preventive maintenance of BMPs, as necessary.
Instruct employees on proper material handling and storage procedures.
Vehicle and equipment
maintenance
Good Housekeeping
FJ Plug floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer; if necessary, install a
sump that is pumped regularly.
Q Maintain an organized inventory of materials used in the maintenance shop.
EPA-833-F-06-029
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
BMPs
Vehicle and equipment
maintenance (continued)
Good Housekeeping (continued)
Q Use drip plans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips back into a sink or fluid
holding tank for re-use.
FJ Drain all parts of fluids prior to disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled.
FJ Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper container; do not leave full drip pans or other
open containers around the shop. Empty and clean drip pans and containers.
FJ Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers
properly.
FJ Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
FJ Maintain an organized inventory of materials.
Q Eliminate or reduce the number or amount of hazardous materials and waste by
substituting nonhazardous or less hazardous materials.
Q Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills without using large amounts of water.
Q Prohibit the practice of hosing down an area where the practice would result in the
exposure of pollutants to stormwater.
Q Clean without using liquid cleaners whenever possible.
Q Do all cleaning at a centralized station so the solvents stay in one area.
Q If parts are dipped in liquid, remove them slowly to avoid spills.
FJ Do not pour liquid waste down floor drains, sinks, outdoor storm drain inlets, other
storm drains, or sewer connections.
Minimizing Exposure
FJ Perform all cleaning operations indoors or under covering when possible. Conduct the
cleaning operations in an area with a concrete floor with no floor drainage other than to
sanitary sewers or treatment facilities.
Q If operations are uncovered, perform them on concrete pad that is impervious and
contained.
Q Park vehicles and equipment indoors or under a roof whenever possible where proper
control of oil leaks/spills is maintained and exposure to stormwater is prevented.
Q Watch vehicles closely for leaks and use pans to collect fluid when leaks occur.
Management of Runoff
FJ Use berms, curbs, or similar means to ensure that stormwater runoff from other parts of
the facility does not flow over the maintenance area.
FJ Collect the stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and providing treatment or
recycling. Discharge vehicle wash or rinse water to the sanitary sewer (if allowed by
sewer authority), wastewater treatment, a land application site, or recycled on-site. DO
NOT discharge washwater to a storm drain or surface water.
Inspections and Training
Q Inspect the maintenance area regularly for proper implementation of control measures.
Q Train employees on proper waste control and disposal procedures.
EPA-833-F-06-029
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
BMPs
Vehicle fueling
FJ Conduct fueling operations (including the transfer of fuel from tank trucks) on an
impervious or contained pad or under a roof or canopy where possible. Covering should
extend beyond spill containment pad to prevent rain from entering.
Q When fueling in uncovered area, use a concrete pad (not asphalt which is not chemically
resistant to the fuels being handled).
Q Use drip pans where leaks or spills of fuel can occur and where making and breaking
hose connections.
FJ Use fueling hoses with check valves to prevent hose drainage after filling.
FJ Use spill and overflow protection devices.
FJ Clean up spills and leaks immediately.
FJ Minimize/eliminate run-on onto fueling areas with diversion dikes, berms, curbing,
surface grading or other equivalent measures.
FJ Collect stormwater runoff and provide treatment or recycling.
FJ Use dry cleanup methods for fuel area rather than hosing the fuel area down.
Q Perform preventive maintenance on storage tanks to detect potential leaks before they
occur.
Q Inspect the fueling area to detect problems before they occur.
Q Train personnel on proper fueling procedures.
Q Provide curbing or posts around fuel pumps to prevent collisions during vehicle ingress
and egress.
Q Discourage "topping off" of fuel tanks.
Outdoor vehicle parking
and storage
Cover vehicle and equipment storage areas.
Use drip pans under all equipment and vehicles waiting maintenance.
Conduct inspections of storage and parking areas for leaks and filled drip pans.
Provide employee training.
Vehicle and equipment
washing
Designate an area for cleaning activities.
Use detergent or water-based cleaning systems in place of organic solvent degreasers.
Use phosphate-free biodegradable detergents.
Avoid washing parts or equipment outside.
Use auto shutoff valves on washing equipment.
Provide vehicle wash rack with dedicated sediment trap and oil/water separator.
Install curbing, berms, or dikes around cleaning areas.
Inspect cleaning area regularly.
Train employees on proper washing procedures.
Contain steam cleaning washwaters. Discharge to sanitary sewer in compliance with
POTW pre-treatment standards, dispose via licensed waste hauler, or discharge under an
applicable NPDES permit.
EPA-833-F-06-029
10
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
BMPs
Vehicle and equipment
painting (where applicable)
Conduct sanding and painting in nonexposed areas (e.g., under cover) in accordance
with OSHA standards.
Minimize overspraying.
Clean up accumulated particulate matter.
Dispose or recycle paint, solvents, and thinner properly.
Keep paint and solvents away from traffic areas.
Conduct periodic inspections of paint spraying areas.
Provide training on control procedures for employees.
Erosion and sediment
control
Q Minimize run-on from adjacent properties using diversion dikes, berms, or equivalent.
Q Trap sediment at down gradient locations and outlets serving unstabilized areas. This
may include filter fabric fences, gravel outlet protection, sediment traps, vegetated or
riprap swales, vegetated strips, diversion structures, catch-basin filters, and retention/
detention basins or equivalent.
Q Stabilize all high traffic areas, including all vehicle entrances and exit points. Conduct
periodic sweeping of all traffic areas. Conduct inspections of BMPs.
FJ Perform preventative maintenance as needed on BMPs.
Q Provide employee training on the proper installation and maintenance of erosion and
sediment controls.
l/l/asfe Recycling Facilities (liquid recyclable materials)
Individual drum/container
storage
Ensure container/drums are in good condition. Store waste materials in materially
compatible drums. Use containers that meet National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
guidelines.
Put individual containers on pallets. Limit stack height of individual containers/drums.
Provide straps, plastic wrap, or equivalent around stacked containers to provided stability.
Label/mark drums. Segregate hazardous and flammable wastes. Comply with NFPA
guidelines for segregation of flammable wastes.
Provide adequate clearance to allow material movement and access by material handling
equipment.
Provide semipermanent or permanent cover over wastes.
Establish clean up procedures, including the use of dry adsorbents, in the event of spills
or leaks. Prohibit washing down of material storage areas. Disconnect or seal all floor
drains from storm sewer system.
Provide secondary containment, dikes, berms, containment trench, sumps, or other
equivalent measure, in all storage areas. Provide proper sizing of containment with
sufficient capacity for precipitation.
Develop SPCC procedures for all liquid container storage areas. Ensure employees are
familiar with SPCC procedures. Schedule/conduct periodic employee training.
Bulk liquid storage
Q Use welded pipe connections versus flange connections. Inspect all flange gaskets for
deterioration.
Q Apply corrosion inhibitors to exposed metal surfaces.
FJ Provide high level alarms for storage tanks.
Q Provide redundant piping, valves, pumps, motors, as necessary, at all pumping stations.
Provide manually activated shutoff valves in the event of spill. Install visible and/or
audible alarms in the event of a spill.
EPA-833-F-06-029
11
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
Bulk liquid storage
(continued)
Waste transfer areas
Vehicle and equipment
maintenance (if applicable)
Vehicle and equipment
washing (if applicable)
BMPs
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
See
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Install manually activated drainage values, or equivalent, versus flapper-type drain values.
Provide adequate security against vandalism and tampering.
Provide secondary containment around all bulk storage tanks, including berms, dikes,
surface impoundments, and/or equivalent. Ensure surfaces of secondary containment
areas are adequately sealed to prevent leaks.
Provide stationary boxes around all return and fill stations to eliminate/minimize hose
drainage and minor waste transfer spills.
Provide cover over liquid waste transfer areas.
Provide secondary containment or equivalent measures around all liquid waste transfer
facilities.
Establish cleanup procedures for minor spills including the use of dry absorbents or a wet
vacuum system.
Train employees on proper transfer procedures and spill response.
BMPS under Scrap and Waste Recycling Facilities above
Avoid washing parts or equipment outside.
Use phosphate-free biodegradable detergents.
Provide vehicle wash rack with dedicated sediment trap and oil/water separator.
Use auto shut-off valves on washing equipment.
Use detergent or water-based cleaning systems in place of organic solvent degreasers.
Designate an area for cleaning activities.
Contain steam cleaning washwaters or discharge under an applicable NPDES permit.
Ensure that washwaters drain well.
Inspect cleaning area regularly.
Install curbing, berms, or dikes around cleaning areas.
Train employees on proper washing procedures.
Recycling Facilities
Inbound recyclable
materials control
Storage
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Provide public education brochures to inform suppliers of recyclable materials which are
acceptable and which are not.
Educate curbside pick-up drivers on acceptable materials. Reject unacceptable materials
at the source.
Clearly marking public drop-off containers regarding which materials can be accepted.
Develop procedures for handling and disposal of non-recyclable material.
Implement employee training.
Provide totally-enclosed drop-off containers for public.
Conduct processing operations indoors. Clean up residual fluids.
Schedule routine preventive maintenance on all processing equipment.
Store equivalent of the average daily volume of recyclable materials indoors.
Direct tipping floor washwaters to sanitary sewer system if permitted by local sanitary
authority.
EPA-833-F-06-029
12
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
BMPs
Storage (continued)
FJ Provide good housekeeping.
FJ Disconnect all floor drains from storm sewer system.
Q Prohibit illicit discharges and illegal dumping to floor drains that are connected to the
storm sewer.
Outdoor material storage
Provide totally enclosed drop-off containers for the public.
Store only processed materials (i.e., baled plastic, aluminum, and glass cullet).
Provide covers over containment bins, dumpsters, and roll-off boxes.
Use tarpaulins or covers over bales of wastepaper.
Provide dikes and curbs around bales of recyclable wastepaper.
Divert surface water runoff away from outside material storage areas.
Conduct regularly scheduled sweeping of storage areas to minimize particulate buildup.
Provide containment pits with sumps pumps that discharge to sanitary sewer system.
Prevent discharge of residual fluids to storm sewer.
Residual non-recyclable
materials
Store residual non-recyclable materials in covered containers for transport to a proper
disposal facility.
Bale residual non-recyclable materials and cover with tarpaulin or equivalent.
Vehicle fueling
FJ Conduct fueling operations (including the transfer of gas/diesel fuel from tank trucks)
on an impervious, contained pad, or under a roof or canopy where possible. Covering
should extend beyond spill containment pad to prevent rain from entering.
FJ When fueling in uncovered area, use concrete pad (not asphalt which is not chemically
resistant to the fuels being handled).
FJ Use drip pans where leaks or spills of gas/diesel fuel can occur and where making and
breaking hose connections.
Q Use fueling hoses with check valves to prevent hose drainage after filling.
FJ Clean up spills and leaks immediately.
Q Minimize/eliminate run-on onto fueling areas with diversion dikes, berms, curbing,
surface grading or other equivalent measures.
Q Collect stormwater runoff and provide treatment or recycling.
FJ Use dry cleanup methods for fuel area rather than hosing the fuel area down.
Q Perform preventive maintenance on storage tanks to detect potential leaks before they
occur.
Q Inspect the fueling area to detect problems before they occur.
FJ Train personnel on proper fueling procedures.
Q Provide curbing or posts around fuel pumps to prevent collisions during vehicle ingress
and egress.
Q Discourage "topping off" of gas/diesel fuel tanks.
Illicit connection to storm
sewer
FJ Plug all floor drains if it is unknown whether the connection is to storm sewer or sanitary
sewer systems. Alternatively, install a sump that is pumped regularly.
Q Perform dye testing to determine if interconnections exist between sanitary water system
and storm sewer system.
FJ Update facility schematics to accurately reflect all plumbing connections.
EPA-833-F-06-029
13
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
BMPs
Illicit connection to storm
sewer (continued)
FJ Install a safeguard against vehicle washwaters and parts cleaning waters entering the
storm sewer unless permitted.
Q Maintain and inspect the integrity of all underground storage tanks, replace when
necessary.
FJ Train employees on proper disposal practices for all materials.
Equipment/vehicle
maintenance
Good Housekeeping
Q Plug floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer; if necessary, install a
sump that is pumped regularly.
Q Use drip pans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips back into a sink or fluid
holding tank for re-use.
FJ Drain all parts of fluids prior to disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled.
Q Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper container; do not leave full drip pans or other
open containers around the shop. Empty and clean drip pans and containers.
Q Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers
properly.
FJ Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
Q Maintain an organized inventory of materials.
FJ Eliminate or reduce the number and amount of hazardous materials and waste by
substituting nonhazardous or less hazardous materials.
FJ Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills without using large amounts of water. Use
absorbents for dry cleanup whenever possible.
Q Prohibit the practice of hosing down an area where the practice would result in the
discharge of pollutants to the stormwater collection system.
Q Clean without using liquid cleaners whenever possible.
FJ Do all cleaning at a centralized station so the solvents stay in one area.
Q If parts are dipped in liquid, remove them slowly to avoid spills.
FJ Do not pour liquid waste into floor drains, sinks, outdoor storm drain inlets, other storm
drains, or sewer connections.
Minimizing Exposure
FJ Perform all cleaning operations indoors or under covering when possible. Conduct the
cleaning operations in an area with a concrete floor with no floor drainage other than to
sanitary sewers or treatment facilities.
FJ If operations are uncovered, perform them on concrete pad that is impervious and
contained.
FJ Park vehicles and equipment indoors or under a roof whenever possible and maintain
proper control of oil leaks/spills.
Q Check vehicles closely for leaks and use pans to collect fluid when leaks occur.
Management of Runoff
Q Use berms, curbs, or similar means to ensure that stormwater runoff from other parts of
the facility does not flow over the maintenance area.
Q Collect the stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and provide treatment or recycling.
Discharge vehicle wash or rinse water to the sanitary sewer (if allowed by sewer
authority), wastewater treatment, a land application site, or recycle on-site. DO NOT
discharge washwater to a storm drain or surface water.
EPA-833-F-06-029
14
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities
(continued)
Activity
Equipment/vehicle
maintenance (continued)
Outdoor Vehicle and
Equipment Storage
BMPs
Inspections and Training
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly for proper implementation of control measures.
Q Train employees on proper waste control and disposal procedures.
Q Inspect area for leaking engines, chipping/corroding bumpers, chipping paint,
metal
galvanized
What if activities and materials at my facility are not exposed to
precipitation?
The industrial stormwater program requires permit coverage for a number of specified types of
industrial activities. However, when a facility is able to prevent the exposure of ALL relevant activities
and materials to precipitation, it may be eligible to claim no exposure and qualify for a waiver from
permit coverage.
If you are regulated under the industrial permitting program, you must either obtain permit coverage
or submit a no exposure certification form, if available. Check with your permitting authority for
additional information as not every permitting authority program provides no exposure exemptions.
Where do I get more information?
For additional information on the industrial stormwater program see
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp.
A list of names and telephone numbers for each EPA Region or state NPDES permitting authority can
be found at www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatercontacts.
References
Information contained in this Fact Sheet was compiled from EPA's past and current Multi-Sector
General Permits and from the following sources:
4 King County, Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division. 2004. King
County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Manual.
http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/sppm.htm
4 U.S. EPA, Office of Science and Technology. 1999. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban
Stormwater Best Management Practices. EPA-821-R-99-012.
www.epa.gov/OST/stormwater/
4 U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Management. NPDES Stormwater Multi-Sector General Permit
for Industrial Activities (MSGP).
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp
4 U.S. EPA. The National Vehicle Mercury Switch Recovery Program.
www.epa.gov/mercury/switch.htm
4 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. "General Permit to Discharge under the Wisconsin
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Recycling of Scrap and Waste Materials."
http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/cea/assistance/scrap/stormwater/scrap/permit.pdf
EPA-833-F-06-029 15
------- |