Industrial Stormwater Fact Sheet Series Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations


INDUSTRIAL  STORMWATER

FACT  SHEET SERIES
                                  Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with
                                  Vehicle Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment
           U.S. EPA Office of Water
           EPA-833-F-06-032
           December 2006
 What is the NPDES stormwater permitting program for industrial
 activity?
 Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial
 processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The
 runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via
 storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality.

 In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the
 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated
 with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be
 either EPA or a state  environmental agency, issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these
 industrial facilities.


 What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit
 coverage?
 This fact sheet specifically discusses stormwater discharges from water transportation facilities with
 vehicle maintenance  shops and/or equipment cleaning operations as defined by Standard  Industrial
 Classification (SIC) Major Group 44. This includes water transportation facilities that perform vessel
 and equipment fluid  changes, mechanical repairs, parts cleaning, sanding, blasting, welding, refinish-
 ing, painting, fueling, vessel and vehicle exterior washdown. Facilities and products in this group fall
 under the following categories, all of which require coverage under an  industrial stormwater permit:
    4 Deep Sea Foreign Transportation of Freight (SIC 4412)
    4 Deep Sea Domestic Transportation of Freight (SIC 4424)
    4 Freight Transportation on the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence Seaway (SIC 4432)
    4 Water Transportation of Freight, Not Elsewhere Classified (SIC 4449)
    4 Deep Sea Transportation of Passengers, Except by Ferries(SIC 4492)
    4 Ferries (SIC 4482)
    4 Water Transportation of Passengers, Not Elsewhere Classified (SIC 4489)
    4- Marine Cargo  Handling (SIC 4491)
    4 Towing and Tugboat Services (SIC 4492)
    4 Marinas (SIC 4493)
    4 Water Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (SIC 4499)

 Bilge and ballast water, sanitary wastes, pressure wash water, and cooling water originating from
 vessels are not covered under the industrial stormwater program. These discharges must be covered
 by a separate NPDES  permit if discharging to receiving waters or to a municipal separate storm sewer
 system.

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations
  What does an industrial storm water permit require?
  Common requirements for coverage under an industrial stormwater permit include development of a
  written stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), implementation of control measures, and sub-
  mittal of a request for permit coverage, usually referred to as the Notice of Intent or NOI. The SWPPP
  is a written assessment of potential sources of pollutants in stormwater runoff and control measures
  that will be implemented at your facility to minimize the discharge of these pollutants in runoff from
  the site. These control measures include site-specific best management practices (BMPs), maintenance
  plans, inspections, employee training, and reporting. The procedures detailed in the SWPPP must be
  implemented by the facility and updated as necessary, with a copy of the SWPPP kept on-site. The in-
  dustrial stormwater permit also requires collection of visual, analytical, and/or compliance monitoring
  data to determine the effectiveness of implemented BMPs. For more information  on EPA's industrial
  stormwater permit and links to State stormwater permits, go to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
  and click on  "Industrial Activity."

  What pollutants are associated with activities at my facility?
  Pollutants conveyed  in stormwater discharges from water transportation facilities with vehicle
  maintenance shops and/or equipment cleaning operations will vary. There are a number of factors
  that influence to what extent industrial activities and significant materials can affect water quality.
     4 Geographic location
     4 Topography
     4 Hydrogeology
     4 Extent of impervious surfaces (e.g.,, concrete or asphalt)
     4 Type of ground cover (e.g., vegetation, crushed stone, or dirt)
     4 Outdoor activities (e.g.,  material storage, loading/unloading, vehicle maintenance)
     4 Size of the operation
     4 Type,  duration, and intensity of precipitation events

  The activities, pollutant sources, and pollutants detailed in Table 1 are commonly found at water
  transportation facilities with vehicle maintenance shops and/or equipment cleaning operations.

  Table 1.  Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Water Transportation
  Facilities with Vehicle Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations
Activity
Pressure washing
Surface preparation, paint
removal, sanding
Painting
Drydock operation and
maintenance
Engine maintenance and
repairs
Material handling: Transfer
Storage Disposal
Shipboard processes
improperly discharged to storm
sewer or into receiving water
Pollutant Source
Wash water
Sanding, mechanical grinding, abrasive blasting,
paint stripping
Paint and paint thinner spills, overspray, paint
stripping, sanding, and paint cleanup
Sanding, mechanical grinding, abrasive blasting,
paint stripping, building materials
Parts cleaning; waste disposal of greasy rags, used
lubricants, coolants, and batteries; fluid spills; fluid
replacement
Fueling: spills, leaks, and hosing area
Liquid storage in above ground storage: spills and
overfills, external corrosion, failure of piping systems
Waste material storage and disposal: paint solids,
solvents, trash, and spent abrasives and petroleum
products
Process and cooling water, sanitary waste, bilge and
ballast water
Pollutant
Paint solids, heavy metals, suspended solids, debris
Spent abrasives, paint solids, heavy metals,
solvents, dust, debris
Paint solids, spent solvents, heavy metals, dust,
debris
Spent abrasives, paint solids, heavy metals,
solvents, dust, low density waste (floatables)
Spent solvents, oil, heavy metals, ethylene glycol,
acid/alkaline wastes, detergents, rags, batteries,
loose parts
Fuel, oil, heavy metals
Fuel, oil, heavy metals, material being stored
Paint solids, heavy metals, spent solvents, oil, trash
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), bacteria,
suspended solids, oil, fuel, trash
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations


  What BMPs can be used to minimize contact between stormwater
  and potential pollutants at my facility?
  A variety of BMP options may be applicable to eliminate or minimize the presence of pollutants in
  stormwater discharges from water transportation facilities with vehicle maintenance shops and/or
  equipment cleaning operations. You will likely need to implement a combination or suite of BMPs to
  address stormwater runoff at your facility. Your first consideration should be for pollution prevention
  BMPs, which are designed to prevent or minimize pollutants from entering stormwater runoff and/or
  reduce the volume  of stormwater requiring management. Prevention BMPs can include regular clean-
  up, collection and containment of debris in storage areas, and other housekeeping practices, spill
  control, and employee training. It may also be necessary to implement treatment BMPs, which are
  engineered structures intended to treat stormwater runoff and/or mitigate the effects of increased
  stormwater runoff  peak rate, volume, and velocity. Treatment BMPs are generally more expensive to
  install and maintain and include oil-water separators, wet ponds, and proprietary filter devices.

  The measures commonly implemented to reduce pollutants in stormwater associated with water
  transportation facilities with vehicle maintenance and/or equipment cleaning operations are
  generally not complicated and simple to implement.  The implementation of BMPs should be used in
  the following areas of the site:
     4  Pressure washing areas
     4  Blasting and painting areas
     4  Material handling areas
     4  Engine and maintenance and repair areas
     4  Drydock activity areas
     4  General yard areas

  BMPs must be selected and implemented to address the following:

  Good Housekeeping Practices
  Good housekeeping is a practical, cost-effective way to maintain a clean and orderly facility to prevent
  potential pollution  sources, including  debris, from coming into contact with stormwater and degrad-
  ing water quality. It includes establishing protocols to reduce the possibility of mishandling materi-
  als or equipment and training employees in good housekeeping techniques. Common areas where
  good housekeeping practices should be followed include trash containers and adjacent areas, mate-
  rial storage areas, vehicle and equipment maintenance areas, and loading docks. Good housekeeping
  practices must include a schedule for regular pickup and disposal of garbage and waste materials and
  routine inspections of drums, tanks, and containers for leaks and structural conditions. Practices also
  include containing  and covering garbage, waste materials, and debris. Involving employees in routine
  monitoring of housekeeping practices has proven to  be an effective means of ensuring the continued
  implementation of  these measures.

  Specific good housekeeping practices that should be  implemented by marine transportation facilities
  include routine removal from the general yard area of scrap, metal, wood, plastic, miscellaneous trash,
  paper, glass, industrial scrap, insulation, welding rods, and packaging. Additional practices include
  securing and covering any containers,  supplies, or equipment that could become sources of pollution.

  Minimizing Exposure
  Where feasible, minimizing exposure of potential pollutant sources to precipitation  is an important
  control option. Minimizing exposure prevents pollutants, including debris, from coming into contact
  with precipitation and can reduce the need for BMPs to treat contaminated stormwater runoff. It can
  also prevent debris  from being picked up by stormwater and carried into drains and surface waters.
  Examples of BMPs for exposure minimization include covering materials or activities with temporary
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations


  structures (e.g., tarps) when wet weather is expected or moving materials or activities to existing
  or new permanent structures (e.g., buildings, silos, sheds). Even the simple practice of keeping a
  dumpster lid closed and covering trash and recycling receptacles can be a very effective pollution
  prevention measure to prevent solid materials from entering receiving waters.

  Specific exposure minimization practices that should be implemented by marine transportation
  facilities include:
     4 Storing all stored and containerized materials (fuels, paints, solvents, waste oil, antifreeze,
        batteries) in a protected, secure location away from drains and plainly labeled.
     4 Containing all blasting and painting activities to prevent abrasives, paint chips, and overspray
        from reaching the receiving water or the storm  sewer system.

     4 Securing any equipment or supplies so that they are not transported during storm  events into
        receiving waters or storm sewer systems.


  Erosion and Sediment Control
  BMPs must be selected and implemented to limit erosion on areas of your site that, due to
  topography, activities, soils, cover, materials, or other factors are  likely to experience erosion. Erosion
  control BMPs such as seeding, mulching, and sodding prevent soil from  becoming dislodged and
  should  be considered first. Sediment control BMPs such as silt fences, sediment ponds, and stabilized
  entrances trap sediment after it has eroded. Sediment  control  BMPs should be used to back-up
  erosion control BMPs.

  Management of Runoff
  Your SWPPP must contain a narrative evaluation of the appropriateness of stormwater  management
  practices that divert,  infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage stormwater runoff so as to reduce the
  discharge of pollutants. Appropriate measures are highly site-specific, but may include, among others,
  vegetative swales, collection and reuse of stormwater,  inlet controls, snow management,  infiltration
  devices, and wet retention measures.

  Specifically, these techniques can be applied at water transportation facilities with vehicle
  maintenance shops and/or equipment cleaning operations. Several examples include:
     4 Planting vegetation as a buffer along the water's edge to  filter stormwater runoff and remove
        contaminants and soil particles before they reach surface waters
     4 Building infiltration trenches and (vegetated) swales to  create an underground reservoir to
        hold runoff, allowing it to slowly percolate through the bottom  into the surrounding soil
     4 Building dry wells to collect and store stormwater runoff from rooftops and other  relatively
        "clean" runoff
     4 Utilizing deep sump catch basins and water quality inlets with or without a retention/
        infiltration chamber

  A combination of preventive and treatment BMPs will  yield the most effective stormwater
  management for minimizing the offsite discharge of pollutants via stormwater runoff. Though not
  specifically outlined in this fact sheet, BMPs must also address preventive maintenance records or
  logbooks, regular facility inspections, spill prevention and response,  and employee training.

  All BMPs require regular maintenance to function as intended. Some management measures have
  simple maintenance requirements, others are quite involved. You must  regularly inspect all BMPs to
  ensure they are operating properly, including during runoff  events. As soon as a problem is found,
  action to resolve it should be initiated immediately.

  Implement BMPs, such as those listed below in Table 2  for the control of pollutants at water
  transportation facilities with vehicle maintenance shops and/or equipment cleaning operations,


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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations
to minimize and prevent the discharge of pollutants in stormwater. Identifying weaknesses in
current facility practices will aid the permittee in determining appropriate BMPs that will achieve a
reduction in pollutant loadings. BMPs listed in Table 2 are broadly applicable to water transportation
facilities with vehicle maintenance shops and/or equipment cleaning operations; however, this is
not a complete list and you are recommended to consult with regulatory agencies or a stormwater
engineer/consultant to identify appropriate BMPs for your facility.

Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Vessel cleaning (in
the water)
Q When possible, remove boat from water and perform cleaning where debris can be captured
and properly disposed.

FJ Avoid in-the-water hull scraping and any abrasive process that occurs underwater that may
remove anti-fouling paint from the boat hull.

FJ When washing above the waterline: detergents and cleaning compounds used should be
phosphate-free and biodegradable and amounts should be kept to a minimum.

FJ Prohibit the use of traditional sudsing cleaners that must be rinsed off and the use of
detergents containing ammonia, sodium hypochlorite, chlorinated solvents, petroleum
distillates, or lye.

Q Educate employees on negative impacts of traditional cleaners and supply biodegradable spray
type cleaners that do not require rinsing.

FJ Control all equipment, supplies, and trash.
Engine parts
washing
Parts washing should be done in a container or parts washer with a lid to prevent evaporation.
The parts should be rinsed or air dried over the parts cleaning container.

Prevent and contain spills and drips. Water soluble engine washing fluid should be treated
in the same manner as other industrial wastewaters and either recycled or disposed of by a
licensed waste hauler.
Surface preparation,
sanding, and paint
removal
FJ Confine activities to designated areas outside drainage pathways and away from surface
waters.

Q Enclose, cover, or contain blasting and sanding activities to the extent practical to prevent
abrasives, dust, and paint chips, and equipment from reaching storm sewers or receiving water.

Q Hang plastic barriers or tarpaulins to contain debris.

Q Where feasible, cover drains, trenches, and drainage channels to prevent entry of blasting
debris to the system.

Q Prohibit un-contained blasting or sanding activities performed over open water.

Q Where sanding is conducted in the water, cover the water near the vessel with floating traps or
surround the immediate area with floating booms and remove debris with a skimmer.

FJ Prohibit blasting or sanding activities performed during windy conditions which render
containment ineffective.

FJ Bottom paint removal should be conducted over an impermeable surface such as sealed
asphalt or cement (not over open ground) with a retaining berm so that the wastewater can be
contained.

Q Collect bottom paint residues for disposal by a licensed waste hauler.

Q Inspect and clean sediment traps to ensure the interception and retention of solids prior to
entering the drainage system.

Q Use vacuum sanding systems to collect sanding dust as it is created.

Q Sweep accessible areas of the drydock to remove and properly dispose of debris and spent
sandblasting material prior to flooding.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Surface preparation,
sanding, and paint
removal (continued)
FJ Collect spent abrasives routinely and store under a cover to await proper disposal.
FJ Store and re-use/recycle used strippers. Solvent strippers, particularly stripping baths, can
generally be reused several times before their effectiveness is diminished.
Q Use environmentally-sensitive chemical paint strippers.
Q Inspect the area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
Q Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
Painting
Q Confine activities to designated areas outside drainage pathways and away from surface
waters.
FJ Enclose, cover, or contain painting activities to the maximum extent practical to prevent
overspray and related debris/equipment from reaching surface waters.
FJ Hang plastic barriers or tarpaulins during blasting or painting operations to contain debris
Q Prohibit uncontained spray painting activities over open water.
FJ Prohibit spray painting activities during windy conditions which render containment ineffective.
Q Use spray equipment that delivers more paint to the target and less overspray.
FJ Mix paints and solvents in designated areas away from drains, ditches, piers, and surface
waters, preferably indoors or under cover.
FJ Have absorbent and other cleanup items readily available for immediate cleanup of spills.
Q Allow empty paint cans to dry before disposal.
FJ Store paint and paint thinner away from traffic areas to avoid spills.
Q Recycle paint, paint thinner, and solvents.
FJ Establish and implement effective inventory control to reduce paint waste, including tracking
date received and expiration dates.
FJ Store waste paint, solvents, and rags in covered containers to prevent evaporation to the
atmosphere.
Q Use solvents with low volatility and coatings with low VOC content; use high transfer efficiency
coating techniques such as brushing and rolling to reduce overspray and solvent emissions.
Q Train employees on proper painting and spraying techniques.
Drydock
maintenance
Q Clean and maintain drydock on a regular basis to minimize the potential for pollutants in the
stormwater runoff.
FJ Sweep accessible areas of the drydock to remove and properly dispose of debris and spent
sandblasting material prior to flooding.
FJ Collect wash water to remove solids and metals for disposal by a licensed waste disposal
company. Clean the remaining areas of the dock after a vessel has been removed and the dock
raised.
FJ Remove waste, including floatable and other low-density waste (wood, plastic, insulations, etc),
and place in closed containers for disposal.
Q Have absorbent materials and oil containment booms readily available to contain/clean up any
spills.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Drydock operations
FJ Control all equipment, supplies, and waste.
FJ Use plastic barriers beneath the hull, between the hull and drydock walls for containment.
Q Use plastic barriers hung from the flying bridge of the drydock, from the bow or stern of the
vessel, or from temporary structures for containment.
FJ Weight the bottom edge of the containment tarpaulins or plastic sheeting during a light
breeze.
FJ When sandblasting (scuppers, railings, freeing ports, ladders, and doorways), use plywood and/
or plastic sheeting to cover open areas between decks.
Q Install tie rings or cleats, cable suspension systems, or scaffolding to make implementation
containment easier.
Q Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
FJ Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
Vehicle and
equipment fueling
Stationary fueling areas
FJ Conduct fueling operations (including the transfer of fuel from tank trucks) on an impervious
or contained pad and under a roof or canopy where possible. Covering should extend beyond
spill containment pad to prevent rain from entering.
FJ When fueling in uncovered area, use concrete pad (asphalt is not chemically resistant to the
fuels being handled).
Q Use drip pans where leaks or spills of fuel can occur and where making and breaking hose
connections.
Q Use fueling hoses with check valves to prevent hose drainage after filling.
Q Keep spill cleanup materials readily available.
Q Clean up spills and leaks immediately.
Q Use dry cleanup methods for fuel area rather than hosing down the fuel area. Sweep up
absorbents as soon as spilled substances have been absorbed.
FJ Do not "top-off" fuel tanks.
FJ Minimize/eliminate run-on into fueling areas with diversion dikes, berms, curbing, surface
grading or other equivalent measures.
FJ Collect stormwater runoff and provide treatment or recycling.
FJ Provide curbing or posts around fuel pumps to prevent collisions from vehicles.
FJ Regularly inspect and perform preventive maintenance on fuel storage tanks to detect potential
leaks before they occur.
Q Inspect the fueling area for leaks and spills.
Q Train personnel on vehicle fueling BMPs.
Mobile fueling areas
FJ Use drip pan under the transfer hose.
FJ Use fueling hoses with check valves to prevent hose drainage after filling.
FJ Ensure the fueling vehicle is equipped with a manual shutoff valve.
FJ Do not allow topping off of the fuel in the receiving equipment.
FJ Train personnel on vehicle fueling BMPs.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Engine maintenance
and repairs
Minimizing Exposure
Q Conduct maintenance and repair operations over land, avoid repairs conducted over water
whenever possible.
FJ Move work indoors, if possible, or create temporary work enclosures using heavy-gauge
polypropylene plastic stretched over a tubular metal frame (or comparable materials).Conduct
the cleaning operations in an area with a concrete floor with no floor drainage other than to
sanitary sewers or treatment facilities.
Q If operations are uncovered, perform them on concrete pad that is impervious and contained.
FJ Park vehicles and equipment indoors or under a roof whenever possible and maintain proper
control of oil leaks/spills.
FJ Check vehicles closely for leaks and use pans to collect fluid when leaks occur.
Management of Runoff
Q Use berms, curbs, or similar means to ensure that stormwater runoff from other parts of the
facility does not flow over the maintenance area.
Q Collect the stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and providing treatment or recycling.
FJ Discharge vehicle wash or rinse water to the sanitary sewer (if allowed by sewer authority),
wastewater treatment, a land application site, or recycled on-site. DO NOT discharge
washwater to a storm drain or to surface water.
Good Housekeeping
FJ Eliminate floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer; if necessary, install a
sump that is pumped regularly. Collected wastes should be properly treated or disposed of by a
licensed waste disposal company.
FJ If parts are dipped in liquid, remove them slowly to avoid spills.
FJ Use drip plans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips back into a sink or fluid holding
tank for reuse.
Q Drain all parts of fluids prior to disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled.
Q Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper container;
FJ Empty drip pans once they become full and dispose of the contents properly.
FJ Cover and contain waste until it can be disposed, recycled, or reused.
Q Use suction-style oil pumps to drain crankcase oil, and use absorbent pads to remove oil from
bilges.
Q Engine test tanks should never be drained to surface waters or septic systems.
Q Maintain an organized inventory of materials.
FJ Eliminate or reduce the number and amount of hazardous materials and waste by substituting
nonhazardous or less hazardous materials.
FJ Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
Q Store batteries and other significant materials inside.
Q Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers in
compliance with RCRA regulations.
Inspections and Training
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
FJ Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
EPA-833-F-06-032

Q Use drip pans to prevent oil and grease from leaking onto the open ground.

Q Secure engines and parts.
Storing liquid fuels
Q If area is uncovered, connect sump outlet to sanitary sewer (if possible) or an oil/water
separator, catch basin filter, etc. If connecting to a sanitary sewer check with the system
operator to ensure that the discharge is acceptable. If implementing separator or filter
technologies ensure that regular inspections and maintenance procedures are in place.

FJ Develop and implement spill plans.

FJ Train employees in spill prevention and control.

Above ground tank

Q Provide secondary containment, such as dikes, with a height sufficient to contain a spill
(the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent of the volume
contained in the largest tank).

FJ If containment structures have drains, ensure that the drains have valves, and that valves
are maintained in the closed position. Institute protocols for checking/testing stormwater in
containment areas prior to discharge.

FJ Use double-walled tanks with overflow protection.

Q Keep liquid transfer nozzles/hoses in secondary containment area.

Portable containers/drums

Q Store drums indoors when possible.

FJ Store drums, including empty or used drums, in secondary containment with a roof or cover
(including temporary cover such as a tarp that prevents contact with precipitation).

FJ Provide secondary containment, such as dikes or portable containers, with a height sufficient to
contain a spill (the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent of
the volume contained in the largest tank).

FJ Clearly label containers with its contents.
Material handling:
Storing chemicals
FJ Store containerized materials (fuels, paints, solvents, etc.) in a protected, secure location and
away from drains.

Q Clearly label all containers.

Q Specify which materials are stored indoors and use containment/enclosure for those stored
outdoors.

FJ Store reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids in compliance with the local fire code.

Q Identify potentially hazardous materials, their characteristics, and use.

Q Implement an inventory control plan to control excessive purchasing, storage, and handling of
potentially hazardous materials.

FJ Keep records to identify quantity, receipt date, service life, users, and disposal routes.

Q Secure and carefully monitor hazardous materials to prevent theft, vandalism, and misuse of
materials.

FJ Use temporary containment where required by portable drip pans.

FJ Use spill troughs for drums with taps.

Q Store used lead-acid batteries on an impervious surface, under cover, protected from weather
and freezing. If a battery is dropped treat it as if it is cracked. Neutralize acid spills, such as with
baking soda, and dispose of the resulting waste as hazardous.
EPA-833-F-06-032

Train employees in spill prevention and control and proper materials management.
Designated material
mixing areas
Q Mix paints and solvents in designated areas away from drains, ditches, piers, and surface
waters. Locate designated areas preferably indoors or under a shed.

Q If spills occur:

- Stop the source of the spill immediately.

- Contain the liquid until cleanup is complete.

- Deploy oil containment booms if the spill may reach surface water.

- Cover the spill with absorbent material.

- Keep the area well ventilated.

- Dispose of cleanup materials in the same manner as the spilled material.

- Do not use emulsifier or dispersant.
Shipboard process
water handling
Q Keep process and cooling water used aboard ships separate from sanitary wastes to minimize
disposal costs for the sanitary wastes.

Q Keep process and cooling water from contact with spent abrasives and paint to avoid
discharging these pollutants.

FJ Inspect connecting hoses for leaks.
Shipboard sanitary
waste disposal
Q Discharge sanitary wastes from the ship being repaired to the yard's sanitary system or dispose
of by a commercial waste disposal company.

FJ Develop and implement spill plans.

FJ Train employees in appropriate material transfer procedures, including spill prevention and
containment activities.
Material
FJ Anti-freeze: Re-use or dispose to a sanitary sewer (if permitted) or by a waste transporter
permitted to handle this waste.

FJ Used lead-acid batteries: Disposal by an approved recycler.

FJ Waste oil: Removed by a permitted waste oil transporter or used in a waste oil heater on-site.

Q Oil filters: Crush or puncture and hot-drain by placing the filter in a funnel over an appropriate
waste collection container to allow the excess petroleum product to drain into the container.
Drained filters should be collected and recycled when possible. Only filters that have been
crushed or hot-drained to remove all excess oil may be disposed of as solid waste.

FJ Mercury lamps and switches: Spent fluorescent bulbs, other mercury lamps, and mercury
switches are hazardous waste. They should be stored safe from breakage and recycled or
disposed as hazardous waste.

FJ Fiber reinforced plastic (epoxy and polyester resins) Small amounts of unused resins may be
catalyzed prior to disposal as solid waste. However, catalyzation is not an acceptable method of
disposing of outdated or unneeded resin stores. These materials must be treated as hazardous
waste and disposed of by a licensed waste disposal company.

Q Common solvents such as acetone or methylene chloride evaporate easily and should be kept
in covered containers.

FJ Glue and adhesives: Residual amounts of glues and adhesives remaining in empty caulking
tubes may be disposed of as solid waste. All other glue and adhesive related wastes must
undergo a determination for hazardous waste characteristics. Non-hazardous glues and
adhesives in liquid form cannot be disposed of as solid waste and should be used for their
originally intended purpose.
EPA-833-F-06-032
10

If you are regulated under the industrial permitting program, you must either obtain permit coverage
or submit a no exposure certification form, if available. Check with your permitting authority for
additional information as not every permitting authority program provides no exposure exemptions.

Where do I get more information?
For additional information on the industrial stormwater program see
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp.

A list of names and telephone numbers for each EPA Region or state NPDES permitting authority can
be found at www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatercontacts.

References
Information contained in this Fact Sheet was compiled from EPA's past and current Multi-Sector
General Permits and from the following sources:

4 Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2003. Florida's Clean Marina Program.
www.dep.state.fl.us/cleanmarina/about.htm

4 Liebl, David S. 2002. Environmental Best Management Practices for Marinas and Boat Yards.
Prepared for Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center, University of Wisconsin.
www3.uwm.edu/Dept/shwec/publications/cabinet/LIEBL/MarinasandBoatyards.pdf

4 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 1997. Managing Marina Waste. Hazardous Waste Division
Fact Sheet #4.24.
www.pca.state.mn.us/waste/pubs/4_24.pdf
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector Q: Water Transportation Facilities with Vehicle
Maintenance Shops and/or Equipment Cleaning Operations


    4 Tanski, Jay. "Stormwater Runoff Best Management Practices for Marinas: A Guide for
      Operators."
      www.ncseagrant.org/files/PracticesforMarinas.pdf

    4- U.S. EPA, Office of Compliance. September 1997. Sector Notebook Project: Profile of the Water
      Transportation Industry. EPA/310-R-97-003
      www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/water.html

    4 U.S. EPA, Office of Science and Technology. 1999. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban
      Stormwater Best Management Practices. EPA-821-R-99-012
      www.epa.gov/OST/stormwater/

    4 U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Management. NPDES Stormwater Multi-Sector General Permit for
      Industrial Activities (MSGP).
      www. epa .go v/n pd es/sto rm wate r/msg p

    4 Virginia  Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. February 2001. "Marina
      Management" in Virginia Clean Marina Guidebook. VIMS Educational Series No. 49. VSG-01-03.
      www.vims.edu/adv/cleanmarina/guidebook.htm
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