INDUSTRIAL  STORMWATER
FACT  SHEET SERIES
                                               Sector R: Ship and Boat Building
                                                                 or Repair Yards
            U.S. EPA Office of Water
            EPA-833-F-06-033
            December 2006
  What is the NPDES stormwater permitting program for industrial
  activity?
  Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial
  processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The
  runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via
  storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality.

  In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the
  National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated
  with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be
  either EPA or a state environmental agency, issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these
  industrial facilities.

  What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit
  coverage?
  This fact sheet specifically discusses stormwater discharges from ship and boat building or repair yards
  as defined by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Major Group 37. This group consists of facilities
  that primarily engage in ship and boat building and repairing services including:
    4 Ship building and repairing  (SIC 3731)
    4 Boat building and repairing (SIC 3732)

  What does an industrial stormwater permit require?
  Common requirements for coverage under an industrial stormwater permit include development of a
  written stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), implementation of control measures, and sub-
  mittal of a request for permit coverage,  usually referred to as the Notice of Intent or NOI. The SWPPP
  is a written assessment of potential sources of pollutants in stormwater runoff and control measures
  that will be implemented at your facility  to minimize the discharge of these pollutants in runoff from
  the site. These control measures include site-specific best management practices (BMPs), maintenance
  plans, inspections, employee training, and reporting. The procedures detailed in the SWPPP must be
  implemented by the facility and updated as necessary, with a copy of the SWPPP kept on-site. The in-
  dustrial stormwater permit also requires  collection of visual, analytical, and/or compliance monitoring
  data to determine the effectiveness of implemented BMPs. For more information on EPA's industrial
  stormwater permit and links to State stormwater permits, go to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
  and click on "Industrial Activity."

  What pollutants are associated with activities at my facility?
  Pollutants conveyed in stormwater discharges from facilities involved with ship and boat building
  and repairing services will vary. There are a number of factors that influence to what extent industrial
  activities and significant materials can affect water quality.
    4 Geographic location
    4 Topography

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
     4 Hydrogeology
     4 Extent of impervious surfaces (e.g.,, concrete or asphalt)
     4 Type of ground cover (e.g., vegetation, crushed stone, or dirt)
     4 Outdoor activities (e.g., material storage, loading/unloading, vehicle maintenance)
     4 Size of the operation
     4 Type, duration, and intensity of precipitation events
  Although each facility is unique in regards to sources, type, and volume of contaminated stormwater
  discharges, common activities at ship and boat yards include:
     4 Vessel and equipment cleaning fluid changes
     4 Mechanical repairs
     4 Parts cleaning
     4 Sanding
     4 Blasting
     4 Welding
     4 Refinishing
     4 Painting
     4 Fueling
     4 Storage of the related materials and waste materials, such as oil filters
  Discharge of bilge and ballast water, pressure wash water, sanitary wastes, and cooling water
  originating  from vessels are prohibited under an industrial stormwater permit. These discharges
  require coverage under a separate NPDES permit if discharging to receiving waters or through a
  municipal separate storm sewer system.
  The activities, pollutant sources, and pollutants detailed in Table 1 are commonly found at ship and
  boat building or repair yards.
  Table 1. Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Ship and Boat Building
  or Repair Yards
Activity
Pressure washing
Surface preparation,
paint removal, sanding
Painting
Engine maintenance and
repairs
Material handling:
Transfer Storage Disposal
Shipboard processes
improperly discharged
to storm sewer or into
receiving water
Pollutant Source
Wash water
Sanding, mechanical grinding, abrasive blasting, paint
stripping
Paint and paint thinner spills, spray painting, paint stripping,
sanding, paint cleanup
Parts cleaning; waste disposal of greasy rags, used lubricants,
coolants, and batteries; fluid spills; fluid replacement
Fueling: spills, leaks, and hosing area
Liquid storage in above ground storage: spills and overfills,
external corrosion, failure of piping systems
Waste material storage and disposal: paint solids, solvents,
trash, and spent abrasives and petroleum products
Process and cooling water, sanitary waste, bilge and ballast
water
Pollutant
Paint solids, heavy metals,
suspended solids
Spent abrasives, paint solids,
heavy metals, solvents, dust
Paint solids, spent solvents,
heavy metals, dust
Spent solvents, oil, heavy
metals, ethylene glycol, acid/
alkaline wastes, detergents
Fuel, oil, heavy metals
Fuel, oil, heavy metals,
material being stored
Paint solids, heavy metals,
spent solvents, oil
Biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD), bacteria, suspended
solids, oil, fuel
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
  What BMPs can be used to minimize contact between stormwater
  and potential pollutants at my facility?
  A variety of BMP options may be applicable to eliminate or minimize the presence of pollutants in
  stormwater discharges from ship and boat building or repair yards. You will likely need to implement
  a combination or suite of BMPs to address stormwater runoff at your facility. Your first consideration
  should be for pollution prevention BMPs, which are designed to prevent or minimize pollutants
  from entering stormwater runoff and/or reduce the volume of stormwater requiring management.
  Prevention BMPs can include regular cleanup, collection and containment of debris in storage areas,
  and other housekeeping practices, spill control, and employee training. It  may also be necessary to
  implement treatment BMPs, which are engineered structures intended to  treat stormwater runoff
  and/or mitigate the effects of increased stormwater runoff peak rate, volume, and velocity. Treatment
  BMPs are generally more expensive to install and maintain and  include oil-water separators, wet
  ponds, and proprietary filter devices.

  BMPs should be implemented in the following areas of the site:
     4  Pressure washing area
     4  Blasting and painting area
     4  Material storage areas
     4  Engine maintenance and repair areas
     4  Material handling area
     4  Dry docks
     4  General yard area

  BMPs must be selected and implemented to address the following:

  Good Housekeeping Practices
  Good housekeeping is a practical, cost-effective way to maintain a clean and orderly facility to prevent
  potential pollution sources from coming into contact with stormwater. It includes establishing proto-
  cols to reduce the possibility of mishandling materials or equipment and training employees in good
  housekeeping techniques. Common areas where good housekeeping practices should be followed in-
  clude trash containers and adjacent areas, material storage areas, vehicle and equipment maintenance
  areas, and loading docks. Good housekeeping practices must include a schedule for regular pickup and
  disposal of garbage and waste materials and routine inspections of drums, tanks, and containers for
  leaks and structural conditions. Practices also include containing and covering garbage, waste materi-
  als, and debris. Involving employees in routine monitoring of housekeeping practices has proven to
  be an effective means of ensuring the continued implementation  of these measures.

  Minimizing Exposure
  Where feasible, minimizing exposure of potential pollutant sources to precipitation is an important
  control option. Minimizing exposure prevents pollutants, including debris, from coming into contact
  with precipitation and can reduce the need for BMPs to treat contaminated stormwater runoff. It can
  also prevent debris from being picked up by stormwater and carried into drains and surface waters.
  Examples of BMPs for exposure minimization include covering materials or activities with temporary
  structures (e.g., tarps) when wet weather is expected or moving materials or activities to existing
  or new permanent structures (e.g., buildings, silos, sheds). Even the simple practice of keeping a
  dumpster lid closed can be a very effective pollution prevention measure.

  Erosion and Sediment Control
  BMPs must be selected and implemented to limit erosion on areas of your site that, due to
  topography, activities, soils, cover, materials, or other factors are likely to experience erosion. Erosion

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER  FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
  control BMPs such as seeding, mulching, and sodding prevent soil from becoming dislodged and
  should be considered first. Sediment control BMPs such as silt fences, sediment ponds, and stabilized
  entrances trap sediment after it has eroded. Sediment control BMPs should be used to back-up
  erosion control BMPs.

  Management of Runoff
  Your SWPPP must contain a narrative evaluation of the appropriateness of stormwater management
  practices that divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage stormwater runoff so as to reduce the
  discharge of pollutants. Appropriate measures are highly site-specific, but may include, among others,
  vegetative swales, collection and reuse of stormwater, inlet controls, snow management, infiltration
  devices, and wet retention measures.

  A combination of preventive and treatment BMPs will yield the most effective stormwater
  management for minimizing the offsite discharge of pollutants via stormwater runoff. Though not
  specifically outlined in this fact sheet, BMPs must also address preventive  maintenance records or
  logbooks, regular facility inspections, spill prevention and response, and employee training.

  All BMPs require regular  maintenance to function as intended. Some management measures have
  simple maintenance requirements, others are quite involved. You must regularly inspect all BMPs to
  ensure they are operating properly, including during runoff events. As soon as a problem is found,
  action to resolve it should be initiated immediately.

  Implement BMPs, such as those listed below in Table 2 for the control of pollutants at ship and
  boat building or repair yards, to minimize and prevent the discharge of pollutants in stormwater.
  Identifying weaknesses in current facility practices will aid the permittee in determining appropriate
  BMPs that will achieve a reduction in pollutant loadings.  BMPs listed in Table 2 are broadly
  applicable to ship and boat building or repair yards; however, this is not a complete list and you are
  recommended to consult with regulatory agencies or a stormwater engineer/consultant to identify
  appropriate  BMPs for your facility.
  Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
   Pollutant Source
BMPs
   Pressure washing
FJ  Collect discharge water and remove all visible solids before discharging to a sewer system, or
   where permitted, to a drainage system, or receiving water.

FJ  Perform pressure washing only in designated areas where wash water containment can be
   effectively achieved.

Q  Use no detergents or additives in the pressure wash water.

Q  Direct deck drainage to a collection system sump for settling and/or additional treatment.

Q  Implement diagonal trenches or berms and sumps to contain and collect wash water at
   marine railways.

Q  Use solid decking, gutters, and sumps at lift platforms to contain and collect wash water for
   possible reuse.
   Surface preparation,
   sanding, and paint
   removal
Q  Confine activities to designated areas outside drainage pathways and away from surface
   waters.

FJ  Enclose, cover, or contain blasting and sanding activities to the extent practical to prevent
   abrasives, dust, and paint chips from reaching storm sewers or receiving water.

FJ  Hang plastic barriers or tarpaulins to contain debris.

FJ  Where feasible, cover drains, trenches, and drainage channels to prevent entry of blasting
   debris to the system.

Q  Prohibit un-contained blasting or sanding activities performed over open water.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER  FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
  Table 2.  BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
   Pollutant Source
BMPs
   Surface preparation,
   sanding, and paint
   removal (continued)
FJ  Where sanding is conducted in the water, cover the water near the boat with floating traps
   or surround the immediate area with floating booms and remove debris with a skimmer.
FJ  Prohibit blasting or sanding activities performed during windy conditions which render
   containment ineffective.
Q  Prohibit discharge of bottom paint residues to surface waters or land.
Q  Conduct bottom paint removal over an impermeable surface such as sealed asphalt or
   cement (not over open ground) and use a retaining berm so that the waste water can be
   contained.
FJ  Collect bottom paint residues fro disposal by a licensed waste hauler.
FJ  Inspect and clean sediment traps to ensure the interception and retention of solids prior to
   entering the drainage system.
Q  Use vacuum sanding systems to collect sanding dust as it is created.
   Sweep accessible areas of the drydock to remove debris and spent sandblasting material
   prior to flooding.
                          FJ

                          FJ  Collect spent abrasives routinely and store under a cover to await offsite disposal.
                          Q  Store and reuse/recycle used strippers. Solvent strippers, particularly stripping baths, can
                             generally be reused several times before their effectiveness is diminished.
                          FJ  Use environmentally-sensitive chemical paint strippers.
                          FJ  Inspect area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
                          Q  Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
   Painting
FJ  Confine activities to designated areas outside drainage pathways and away from surface
   waters.
FJ  Enclose, cover, or contain painting activities to the maximum extent practical to prevent
   overspray.
Q  Hang plastic barriers or tarpaulins during blasting or painting operations to contain debris
Q  Prohibit uncontained spray painting activities over open water.
FJ  Prohibit spray painting activities during windy conditions which render containment
   ineffective.
Q  Use effective spray equipment that delivers more paint to the target and less overspray.
FJ  Mix paints and solvents in designated areas away from drains, ditches, piers,  and surface
   waters, preferably indoors or under cover.
FJ  Have  absorbent and other cleanup items readily available for immediate cleanup of spills.
Q  Allow empty paint cans to dry before disposal.
FJ  Keep  paint and paint thinner away from traffic areas to avoid spills.
Q  Recycle paint, paint thinner, and solvents.
Q  Establish and implement  effective inventory control to reduce paint waste, including tracking
   date received and expiration dates.
FJ  Store  waste  paint, solvents, and rags in covered containers to prevent evaporation to the
   atmosphere.
FJ  Use solvents with low volatility and coatings with low VOC content; use high transfer
   efficiency coating techniques such as brushing and rolling to reduce overspray and solvent
   emissions.
Q  Train  employees on proper painting and spraying techniques.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER  FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
  Table 2.  BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
   Pollutant Source
                      BMPs
Drydock maintenance
                         FJ  Clean and maintain drydock on a regular basis to minimize the potential for pollutants in the
                             stormwater runoff.

                         FJ  Sweep accessible areas of the drydock to remove debris and spent sandblasting material
                             prior to flooding.

                         Q  Collect wash water to remove solids and metals for disposal by a licensed waste disposal
                             company.

                         Q  Clean the remaining areas of the dock after a vessel has been removed and the dock raised.

                         FJ  Remove floatable and other low-density waste (wood, plastic, insulations, etc), and place in
                             closed containers for disposal.

                         FJ  Have absorbent materials and oil containment booms readily available to contain/cleanup
                             any spills.
   Drydock activities
                      FJ  Use plastic barriers beneath the hull, between the hull and drydock walls for containment.

                      Q  Use plastic barriers hung from the flying bridge of the drydock, from the bow or stern of the
                         vessel, or from temporary structures for containment.

                      FJ  Weight the bottom edge of the containment tarpaulins or plastic sheeting during a light
                         breeze.

                      FJ  When sandblasting (scuppers, railings, freeing ports, ladders, and doorways), use plywood
                         and/or plastic sheeting to cover open areas between decks.

                      Q  Install tie rings or cleats, cable suspension systems, or scaffolding to make implementation
                         containment easier.

                      FJ  Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.

                      FJ  Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
   Nondrydock activities
                         Hang tarpaulin from the boat, fixed, or floating platforms to reduce pollutants transported
                         by wind.

                         Pave or tarp surfaces under marine  railways.

                         Clean railways before the incoming tide.

                         Haul vessels beyond the high tide zone before work commences or halt work during high
                         tide.

                         Place plastic sheeting or tarpaulin underneath boats to contain and collect waste and spent
                         materials and clean and sweep regularly to remove debris.

                         Use fixed or floating platforms with appropriate plastic or tarpaulin barriers as work surfaces
                         and for containment when work is  performed on a vessel in the water to prevent blast
                         material or paint overspray from contacting stormwater or the receiving water.
                         FJ Vacuum or sweep, rather than hose, to remove debris present on the dock.
   Engine maintenance
   and repairs
                         Conduct maintenance and repair operations over land, avoid repairs conducted over water
                         whenever  possible.

                         Move work indoors, if possible, or create temporary work enclosures using heavy-gauge
                         polypropylene plastic stretched over a tubular metal frame (or comparable materials).

                         Conduct the cleaning operations in an area with a concrete floor with no floor drainage;
                         if necessary, install a sump that is pumped regularly. Collected wastes should be treated or
                         disposed of by a licensed waste hauler.

                         If operations are uncovered, perform them on concrete pad that is impervious and
                         contained.

                         Use berms, curbs,  or similar means to ensure that stormwater runoff from other parts of the
                         facility does not flow over the maintenance area.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
  Table 2.  BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
   Pollutant Source
BMPs
   Engine maintenance
   and repairs (continued)
FJ  Use suction-style oil pumps to drain crankcase oil, and use absorbent pads to remove oil
   from bilges.
Q  Engine test tanks should never be drained to storm sewer, surface waters or septic systems.
Q  Collect the stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and providing treatment or recycling.
Q  Plug floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer; if necessary, install a
   sump that is pumped regularly.
Q  Use drip plans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips back into a sink or fluid holding
   tank for reuse.
FJ  Drain all parts of fluids prior to disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled.
FJ  Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper container; do not leave full drip pans or other
   open containers around the shop. Empty and clean drip pans and containers.
FJ  Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers in
   compliance with RCRA regulations.
FJ  Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
Q  Maintain an  organized inventory of materials.
Q  Eliminate or  reduce the  number or amount of hazardous materials and waste by substituting
   nonhazardous or less hazardous materials.
Q  Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills without using large amounts of water.
Q  Prohibit the practice of hosing down an area where the practice would result in the exposure
   of pollutants to stormwater.
Q  Clean without using liquid cleaners whenever possible.
Q  Do all cleaning at a centralized station so the solvents stay in one area.
Q  If parts are dipped in liquid, remove them slowly to avoid spills.
FJ  Do not pour liquid waste down floor drains, sinks.
FJ  Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
FJ  Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
   Material handing and
   storage
   Cover and/or enclose chemical storage areas (including temporary cover such as a tarp that
   prevents contact with precipitation).
   Store permanent tanks in a paved area surrounded by a dike system which provides
   sufficient containment for the larger of either 10 percent of the volume of all containers or
   110 percent of the volume of the largest tank.
   Store containerized materials (fuels, paints, solvents, etc.) indoors where possible. Provide
   secondary containment, such as dikes or portable containers, with a height sufficient to
   contain a spill (the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent of
   the volume contained in the largest tank).
   If containment structures have drains, ensure that the drains have valves, and that valves
   are maintained in the closed position. Institute protocols for checking/testing stormwater in
   containment areas prior to discharge.
   Locate storage areas away from high  traffic areas and surface waters.
   Identify potentially hazardous materials, their characteristics, and use.
   Clearly label drum with its contents.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
  Table 2.  BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
   Pollutant Source
BMPs
   Material handing and
   storage (continued)
FJ  Store reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids in compliance with the local fire code, local
   zoning codes, and the National Electric Code.
Q  Control excessive purchasing, storage, and handling of potentially hazardous materials.
Q  Keep records to identify quantity, receipt date, service  life, users, and disposal  routes.
Q  Secure and carefully monitor hazardous materials to prevent theft, vandalism,  and misuse of
   materials.
Q  Properly dispose of chemicals that are no longer in  use.
Q  Use temporary containment and portable drip pans where required.
Q  Use spill troughs for drums with taps.
Q  Provide drip pads/pans where chemicals are transferred from one container to another to
   allow for recycling of spills and leaks.
FJ  Develop and implement spill plans or spill prevention, containment,  and countermeasure
   (SPCC) plans, if required for your facility.
FJ  Train employees in proper storage, use, cleanup, and disposal of materials.
   Bulk liquid storage and
   containment
FJ   Maintain good integrity of all storage tanks.
FJ   Inspect storage tanks to detect potential leaks and perform preventive maintenance.
FJ   Inspect piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, valves) for failures or leaks.
FJ   Train employees on filling  and transfer procedures.
   Designated material
   mixing areas
    Mix paints and solvents in designated areas away from drains, ditches, piers, and surface
    waters. Locate designated areas preferably indoors or under a shed.
    If spills occur:
    - Stop the source of the spill immediately.
    - Contain the liquid until cleanup is complete.
    - Deploy oil containment booms if the spill may reach a surface water.
    - Cover the spill with absorbent material.
    - Keep the area well ventilated.
    - Dispose of cleanup materials in the same manner as required by the spilled material.
    - Do not use emulsifier or dispersant.
   Shipboard process
   water handling
    Keep process and cooling water used aboard ships separate from sanitary wastes to
    minimize disposal costs for the sanitary wastes.
    Keep process and cooling water from contact with spent abrasives and paint to avoid
    discharging these pollutants.
    Inspect connecting  hoses for leaks.
   Shipboard sanitary
   waste disposal
   Discharge sanitary wastes from the ship being repaired to the yard's sanitary system or
   dispose of by a commercial waste disposal company.
   Use appropriate material transfer procedures, including spill prevention and containment
   activities.
   Train employees in appropriate material transfer procedures, including spill prevention and
   containment activities.
   Bilge and ballast water
   Collect and dispose of bilge and ballast waters which contain oils, solvents, detergents, or
   other additives to a licensed waste disposal company.
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER  FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
  What if activities and materials at my facility are not exposed to
  precipitation?
  The industrial stormwater program requires permit coverage for a number of specified types of
  industrial activities. However, when a facility is able to prevent the exposure of ALL relevant activities
  and materials to precipitation, it may be eligible to claim no exposure and qualify for a waiver from
  permit coverage.

  If you are regulated under the industrial permitting program, you must either obtain permit coverage
  or submit a no exposure certification form, if available. Check with your permitting authority for
  additional information as not every permitting authority program provides no exposure exemptions.

  Where do I get more information?
  For additional information on the industrial stormwater program see
  www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp.

  A list of names and telephone numbers for each EPA Region or state NPDES permitting authority can
  be found at www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatercontacts.

  References
  Information contained in this Fact Sheet was compiled from  EPA's past and current Multi-Sector
  General Permits and from the following sources:

     4 Austin, D. 2001. "Managing Shipyard Stormwater Discharges: Shipyard Stormwater Pollutant
       Sources and Loading." Presented at 11th Southern States Annual Environmental Conference
       Shipyard Environmental Issues Track in Gulfport, MS.
       www.advisorycouncil.org/ILC/Download_library/AC10049.pdf

     4 City of Phoenix, Arizona, Street Transportation Department, Storm Water Management
       Section. 2004. Prevent Stormwater Contamination Best Management Practices for Ship and
       Boat Building an Repair Yards. SIC Codes: Major Groups 24 (except 2434), 26 (except 265, 267),
       28 (except 283, 285), 29, 311, 32 (except 3230-39), 33,  3441, 373 (except 3731, 3732).
       http://phoenix.gov/STREETS/boat.pdf

     4 Kellems, Barry L., et. al. "Design of Emerging Technologies for Control and Removal of
       Stormwater Pollutants." Presented at 2003 World Water and Environmental Resources
       Congress in Philadelphia, PA. June 22-26, 2003.
       www.hartcrowser.com/pdfs/Stormwater_Abstract.pdf

     4 Moling, C. and Kellems, B. "Successful Demonstration  of the Stormwater Management
       StormFilter ® Enhanced Filtration System for Treatment of Shipyard Stormwater." Presented
       at the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Shipyards, Drydocks, Parts, and Harbors: 3rd
       International Symposium in New Orleans, LA. November 5-7, 2003.
       www.hartcrowser.com/PDFs/Stormfilter.pdf

     4 Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center. 1997. Large Shipyards in Washington:
       P2 and BMP Opportunities. A Northwest Industry RoundTable Report.
       www.pprc.org/pubs/shipyard/wash/rt_toc.html

     4 Pierce County Public Works and Utilities. "Stormwater Pollution Prevention Manual: A Guide to
       Best Management Practices for Industries, Businesses, and Homeowners."
       www.co.pierce.wa.us/pc/services/home/environ/water/wq/bmpmanaul.htm
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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
        Schafran, Gary C, et. al. 1998. Final Report: Stormwater Collection, Treatment, Recycling, and
        Reuse in a Shipyard. NSRP Project NI-96-07. Center for Advanced Ship Repair and Maintenance
        (CASRM), Old Dominion University.
        www.eng.odu.edu/casrm/stormwater.pdf

        U.S. EPA, National Center for Environmental Innovation. June 2004. 2004 Sector Strategies
        Performance Report: Shipbuilding and Ship Repair. EPA 100-R-04-002.
        www.epa.gov/sectors/pdf/ship.pdf

        U.S. EPA, Office of Science and Technology. 1999. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban
        Stormwater Best Management Practices. EPA-821-R-99-012
        www.epa.gov/OST/stormwater/

        U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Management. NPDES Stormwater Multi-Sector General Permit
        for Industrial Activities (MSGP).
        www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp
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