INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER
FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building
or Repair Yards
U.S. EPA Office of Water
EPA-833-F-06-033
December 2006
What is the NPDES stormwater permitting program for industrial
activity?
Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial
processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The
runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via
storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality.
In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated
with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be
either EPA or a state environmental agency, issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these
industrial facilities.
What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit
coverage?
This fact sheet specifically discusses stormwater discharges from ship and boat building or repair yards
as defined by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Major Group 37. This group consists of facilities
that primarily engage in ship and boat building and repairing services including:
4 Ship building and repairing (SIC 3731)
4 Boat building and repairing (SIC 3732)
What does an industrial stormwater permit require?
Common requirements for coverage under an industrial stormwater permit include development of a
written stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), implementation of control measures, and sub-
mittal of a request for permit coverage, usually referred to as the Notice of Intent or NOI. The SWPPP
is a written assessment of potential sources of pollutants in stormwater runoff and control measures
that will be implemented at your facility to minimize the discharge of these pollutants in runoff from
the site. These control measures include site-specific best management practices (BMPs), maintenance
plans, inspections, employee training, and reporting. The procedures detailed in the SWPPP must be
implemented by the facility and updated as necessary, with a copy of the SWPPP kept on-site. The in-
dustrial stormwater permit also requires collection of visual, analytical, and/or compliance monitoring
data to determine the effectiveness of implemented BMPs. For more information on EPA's industrial
stormwater permit and links to State stormwater permits, go to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
and click on "Industrial Activity."
What pollutants are associated with activities at my facility?
Pollutants conveyed in stormwater discharges from facilities involved with ship and boat building
and repairing services will vary. There are a number of factors that influence to what extent industrial
activities and significant materials can affect water quality.
4 Geographic location
4 Topography
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
4 Hydrogeology
4 Extent of impervious surfaces (e.g.,, concrete or asphalt)
4 Type of ground cover (e.g., vegetation, crushed stone, or dirt)
4 Outdoor activities (e.g., material storage, loading/unloading, vehicle maintenance)
4 Size of the operation
4 Type, duration, and intensity of precipitation events
Although each facility is unique in regards to sources, type, and volume of contaminated stormwater
discharges, common activities at ship and boat yards include:
4 Vessel and equipment cleaning fluid changes
4 Mechanical repairs
4 Parts cleaning
4 Sanding
4 Blasting
4 Welding
4 Refinishing
4 Painting
4 Fueling
4 Storage of the related materials and waste materials, such as oil filters
Discharge of bilge and ballast water, pressure wash water, sanitary wastes, and cooling water
originating from vessels are prohibited under an industrial stormwater permit. These discharges
require coverage under a separate NPDES permit if discharging to receiving waters or through a
municipal separate storm sewer system.
The activities, pollutant sources, and pollutants detailed in Table 1 are commonly found at ship and
boat building or repair yards.
Table 1. Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Ship and Boat Building
or Repair Yards
Activity
Pressure washing
Surface preparation,
paint removal, sanding
Painting
Engine maintenance and
repairs
Material handling:
Transfer Storage Disposal
Shipboard processes
improperly discharged
to storm sewer or into
receiving water
Pollutant Source
Wash water
Sanding, mechanical grinding, abrasive blasting, paint
stripping
Paint and paint thinner spills, spray painting, paint stripping,
sanding, paint cleanup
Parts cleaning; waste disposal of greasy rags, used lubricants,
coolants, and batteries; fluid spills; fluid replacement
Fueling: spills, leaks, and hosing area
Liquid storage in above ground storage: spills and overfills,
external corrosion, failure of piping systems
Waste material storage and disposal: paint solids, solvents,
trash, and spent abrasives and petroleum products
Process and cooling water, sanitary waste, bilge and ballast
water
Pollutant
Paint solids, heavy metals,
suspended solids
Spent abrasives, paint solids,
heavy metals, solvents, dust
Paint solids, spent solvents,
heavy metals, dust
Spent solvents, oil, heavy
metals, ethylene glycol, acid/
alkaline wastes, detergents
Fuel, oil, heavy metals
Fuel, oil, heavy metals,
material being stored
Paint solids, heavy metals,
spent solvents, oil
Biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD), bacteria, suspended
solids, oil, fuel
EPA-833-F-06-033
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
What BMPs can be used to minimize contact between stormwater
and potential pollutants at my facility?
A variety of BMP options may be applicable to eliminate or minimize the presence of pollutants in
stormwater discharges from ship and boat building or repair yards. You will likely need to implement
a combination or suite of BMPs to address stormwater runoff at your facility. Your first consideration
should be for pollution prevention BMPs, which are designed to prevent or minimize pollutants
from entering stormwater runoff and/or reduce the volume of stormwater requiring management.
Prevention BMPs can include regular cleanup, collection and containment of debris in storage areas,
and other housekeeping practices, spill control, and employee training. It may also be necessary to
implement treatment BMPs, which are engineered structures intended to treat stormwater runoff
and/or mitigate the effects of increased stormwater runoff peak rate, volume, and velocity. Treatment
BMPs are generally more expensive to install and maintain and include oil-water separators, wet
ponds, and proprietary filter devices.
BMPs should be implemented in the following areas of the site:
4 Pressure washing area
4 Blasting and painting area
4 Material storage areas
4 Engine maintenance and repair areas
4 Material handling area
4 Dry docks
4 General yard area
BMPs must be selected and implemented to address the following:
Good Housekeeping Practices
Good housekeeping is a practical, cost-effective way to maintain a clean and orderly facility to prevent
potential pollution sources from coming into contact with stormwater. It includes establishing proto-
cols to reduce the possibility of mishandling materials or equipment and training employees in good
housekeeping techniques. Common areas where good housekeeping practices should be followed in-
clude trash containers and adjacent areas, material storage areas, vehicle and equipment maintenance
areas, and loading docks. Good housekeeping practices must include a schedule for regular pickup and
disposal of garbage and waste materials and routine inspections of drums, tanks, and containers for
leaks and structural conditions. Practices also include containing and covering garbage, waste materi-
als, and debris. Involving employees in routine monitoring of housekeeping practices has proven to
be an effective means of ensuring the continued implementation of these measures.
Minimizing Exposure
Where feasible, minimizing exposure of potential pollutant sources to precipitation is an important
control option. Minimizing exposure prevents pollutants, including debris, from coming into contact
with precipitation and can reduce the need for BMPs to treat contaminated stormwater runoff. It can
also prevent debris from being picked up by stormwater and carried into drains and surface waters.
Examples of BMPs for exposure minimization include covering materials or activities with temporary
structures (e.g., tarps) when wet weather is expected or moving materials or activities to existing
or new permanent structures (e.g., buildings, silos, sheds). Even the simple practice of keeping a
dumpster lid closed can be a very effective pollution prevention measure.
Erosion and Sediment Control
BMPs must be selected and implemented to limit erosion on areas of your site that, due to
topography, activities, soils, cover, materials, or other factors are likely to experience erosion. Erosion
EPA-833-F-06-033 3
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
control BMPs such as seeding, mulching, and sodding prevent soil from becoming dislodged and
should be considered first. Sediment control BMPs such as silt fences, sediment ponds, and stabilized
entrances trap sediment after it has eroded. Sediment control BMPs should be used to back-up
erosion control BMPs.
Management of Runoff
Your SWPPP must contain a narrative evaluation of the appropriateness of stormwater management
practices that divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage stormwater runoff so as to reduce the
discharge of pollutants. Appropriate measures are highly site-specific, but may include, among others,
vegetative swales, collection and reuse of stormwater, inlet controls, snow management, infiltration
devices, and wet retention measures.
A combination of preventive and treatment BMPs will yield the most effective stormwater
management for minimizing the offsite discharge of pollutants via stormwater runoff. Though not
specifically outlined in this fact sheet, BMPs must also address preventive maintenance records or
logbooks, regular facility inspections, spill prevention and response, and employee training.
All BMPs require regular maintenance to function as intended. Some management measures have
simple maintenance requirements, others are quite involved. You must regularly inspect all BMPs to
ensure they are operating properly, including during runoff events. As soon as a problem is found,
action to resolve it should be initiated immediately.
Implement BMPs, such as those listed below in Table 2 for the control of pollutants at ship and
boat building or repair yards, to minimize and prevent the discharge of pollutants in stormwater.
Identifying weaknesses in current facility practices will aid the permittee in determining appropriate
BMPs that will achieve a reduction in pollutant loadings. BMPs listed in Table 2 are broadly
applicable to ship and boat building or repair yards; however, this is not a complete list and you are
recommended to consult with regulatory agencies or a stormwater engineer/consultant to identify
appropriate BMPs for your facility.
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Pressure washing
FJ Collect discharge water and remove all visible solids before discharging to a sewer system, or
where permitted, to a drainage system, or receiving water.
FJ Perform pressure washing only in designated areas where wash water containment can be
effectively achieved.
Q Use no detergents or additives in the pressure wash water.
Q Direct deck drainage to a collection system sump for settling and/or additional treatment.
Q Implement diagonal trenches or berms and sumps to contain and collect wash water at
marine railways.
Q Use solid decking, gutters, and sumps at lift platforms to contain and collect wash water for
possible reuse.
Surface preparation,
sanding, and paint
removal
Q Confine activities to designated areas outside drainage pathways and away from surface
waters.
FJ Enclose, cover, or contain blasting and sanding activities to the extent practical to prevent
abrasives, dust, and paint chips from reaching storm sewers or receiving water.
FJ Hang plastic barriers or tarpaulins to contain debris.
FJ Where feasible, cover drains, trenches, and drainage channels to prevent entry of blasting
debris to the system.
Q Prohibit un-contained blasting or sanding activities performed over open water.
EPA-833-F-06-033
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Surface preparation,
sanding, and paint
removal (continued)
FJ Where sanding is conducted in the water, cover the water near the boat with floating traps
or surround the immediate area with floating booms and remove debris with a skimmer.
FJ Prohibit blasting or sanding activities performed during windy conditions which render
containment ineffective.
Q Prohibit discharge of bottom paint residues to surface waters or land.
Q Conduct bottom paint removal over an impermeable surface such as sealed asphalt or
cement (not over open ground) and use a retaining berm so that the waste water can be
contained.
FJ Collect bottom paint residues fro disposal by a licensed waste hauler.
FJ Inspect and clean sediment traps to ensure the interception and retention of solids prior to
entering the drainage system.
Q Use vacuum sanding systems to collect sanding dust as it is created.
Sweep accessible areas of the drydock to remove debris and spent sandblasting material
prior to flooding.
FJ
FJ Collect spent abrasives routinely and store under a cover to await offsite disposal.
Q Store and reuse/recycle used strippers. Solvent strippers, particularly stripping baths, can
generally be reused several times before their effectiveness is diminished.
FJ Use environmentally-sensitive chemical paint strippers.
FJ Inspect area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
Q Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
Painting
FJ Confine activities to designated areas outside drainage pathways and away from surface
waters.
FJ Enclose, cover, or contain painting activities to the maximum extent practical to prevent
overspray.
Q Hang plastic barriers or tarpaulins during blasting or painting operations to contain debris
Q Prohibit uncontained spray painting activities over open water.
FJ Prohibit spray painting activities during windy conditions which render containment
ineffective.
Q Use effective spray equipment that delivers more paint to the target and less overspray.
FJ Mix paints and solvents in designated areas away from drains, ditches, piers, and surface
waters, preferably indoors or under cover.
FJ Have absorbent and other cleanup items readily available for immediate cleanup of spills.
Q Allow empty paint cans to dry before disposal.
FJ Keep paint and paint thinner away from traffic areas to avoid spills.
Q Recycle paint, paint thinner, and solvents.
Q Establish and implement effective inventory control to reduce paint waste, including tracking
date received and expiration dates.
FJ Store waste paint, solvents, and rags in covered containers to prevent evaporation to the
atmosphere.
FJ Use solvents with low volatility and coatings with low VOC content; use high transfer
efficiency coating techniques such as brushing and rolling to reduce overspray and solvent
emissions.
Q Train employees on proper painting and spraying techniques.
EPA-833-F-06-033
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Drydock maintenance
FJ Clean and maintain drydock on a regular basis to minimize the potential for pollutants in the
stormwater runoff.
FJ Sweep accessible areas of the drydock to remove debris and spent sandblasting material
prior to flooding.
Q Collect wash water to remove solids and metals for disposal by a licensed waste disposal
company.
Q Clean the remaining areas of the dock after a vessel has been removed and the dock raised.
FJ Remove floatable and other low-density waste (wood, plastic, insulations, etc), and place in
closed containers for disposal.
FJ Have absorbent materials and oil containment booms readily available to contain/cleanup
any spills.
Drydock activities
FJ Use plastic barriers beneath the hull, between the hull and drydock walls for containment.
Q Use plastic barriers hung from the flying bridge of the drydock, from the bow or stern of the
vessel, or from temporary structures for containment.
FJ Weight the bottom edge of the containment tarpaulins or plastic sheeting during a light
breeze.
FJ When sandblasting (scuppers, railings, freeing ports, ladders, and doorways), use plywood
and/or plastic sheeting to cover open areas between decks.
Q Install tie rings or cleats, cable suspension systems, or scaffolding to make implementation
containment easier.
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
FJ Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
Nondrydock activities
Hang tarpaulin from the boat, fixed, or floating platforms to reduce pollutants transported
by wind.
Pave or tarp surfaces under marine railways.
Clean railways before the incoming tide.
Haul vessels beyond the high tide zone before work commences or halt work during high
tide.
Place plastic sheeting or tarpaulin underneath boats to contain and collect waste and spent
materials and clean and sweep regularly to remove debris.
Use fixed or floating platforms with appropriate plastic or tarpaulin barriers as work surfaces
and for containment when work is performed on a vessel in the water to prevent blast
material or paint overspray from contacting stormwater or the receiving water.
FJ Vacuum or sweep, rather than hose, to remove debris present on the dock.
Engine maintenance
and repairs
Conduct maintenance and repair operations over land, avoid repairs conducted over water
whenever possible.
Move work indoors, if possible, or create temporary work enclosures using heavy-gauge
polypropylene plastic stretched over a tubular metal frame (or comparable materials).
Conduct the cleaning operations in an area with a concrete floor with no floor drainage;
if necessary, install a sump that is pumped regularly. Collected wastes should be treated or
disposed of by a licensed waste hauler.
If operations are uncovered, perform them on concrete pad that is impervious and
contained.
Use berms, curbs, or similar means to ensure that stormwater runoff from other parts of the
facility does not flow over the maintenance area.
EPA-833-F-06-033
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Engine maintenance
and repairs (continued)
FJ Use suction-style oil pumps to drain crankcase oil, and use absorbent pads to remove oil
from bilges.
Q Engine test tanks should never be drained to storm sewer, surface waters or septic systems.
Q Collect the stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and providing treatment or recycling.
Q Plug floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer; if necessary, install a
sump that is pumped regularly.
Q Use drip plans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips back into a sink or fluid holding
tank for reuse.
FJ Drain all parts of fluids prior to disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled.
FJ Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper container; do not leave full drip pans or other
open containers around the shop. Empty and clean drip pans and containers.
FJ Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers in
compliance with RCRA regulations.
FJ Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
Q Maintain an organized inventory of materials.
Q Eliminate or reduce the number or amount of hazardous materials and waste by substituting
nonhazardous or less hazardous materials.
Q Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills without using large amounts of water.
Q Prohibit the practice of hosing down an area where the practice would result in the exposure
of pollutants to stormwater.
Q Clean without using liquid cleaners whenever possible.
Q Do all cleaning at a centralized station so the solvents stay in one area.
Q If parts are dipped in liquid, remove them slowly to avoid spills.
FJ Do not pour liquid waste down floor drains, sinks.
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
FJ Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
Material handing and
storage
Cover and/or enclose chemical storage areas (including temporary cover such as a tarp that
prevents contact with precipitation).
Store permanent tanks in a paved area surrounded by a dike system which provides
sufficient containment for the larger of either 10 percent of the volume of all containers or
110 percent of the volume of the largest tank.
Store containerized materials (fuels, paints, solvents, etc.) indoors where possible. Provide
secondary containment, such as dikes or portable containers, with a height sufficient to
contain a spill (the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent of
the volume contained in the largest tank).
If containment structures have drains, ensure that the drains have valves, and that valves
are maintained in the closed position. Institute protocols for checking/testing stormwater in
containment areas prior to discharge.
Locate storage areas away from high traffic areas and surface waters.
Identify potentially hazardous materials, their characteristics, and use.
Clearly label drum with its contents.
EPA-833-F-06-033
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
Table 2. BMPs for Potential Pollutants Sources at Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Material handing and
storage (continued)
FJ Store reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids in compliance with the local fire code, local
zoning codes, and the National Electric Code.
Q Control excessive purchasing, storage, and handling of potentially hazardous materials.
Q Keep records to identify quantity, receipt date, service life, users, and disposal routes.
Q Secure and carefully monitor hazardous materials to prevent theft, vandalism, and misuse of
materials.
Q Properly dispose of chemicals that are no longer in use.
Q Use temporary containment and portable drip pans where required.
Q Use spill troughs for drums with taps.
Q Provide drip pads/pans where chemicals are transferred from one container to another to
allow for recycling of spills and leaks.
FJ Develop and implement spill plans or spill prevention, containment, and countermeasure
(SPCC) plans, if required for your facility.
FJ Train employees in proper storage, use, cleanup, and disposal of materials.
Bulk liquid storage and
containment
FJ Maintain good integrity of all storage tanks.
FJ Inspect storage tanks to detect potential leaks and perform preventive maintenance.
FJ Inspect piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, valves) for failures or leaks.
FJ Train employees on filling and transfer procedures.
Designated material
mixing areas
Mix paints and solvents in designated areas away from drains, ditches, piers, and surface
waters. Locate designated areas preferably indoors or under a shed.
If spills occur:
- Stop the source of the spill immediately.
- Contain the liquid until cleanup is complete.
- Deploy oil containment booms if the spill may reach a surface water.
- Cover the spill with absorbent material.
- Keep the area well ventilated.
- Dispose of cleanup materials in the same manner as required by the spilled material.
- Do not use emulsifier or dispersant.
Shipboard process
water handling
Keep process and cooling water used aboard ships separate from sanitary wastes to
minimize disposal costs for the sanitary wastes.
Keep process and cooling water from contact with spent abrasives and paint to avoid
discharging these pollutants.
Inspect connecting hoses for leaks.
Shipboard sanitary
waste disposal
Discharge sanitary wastes from the ship being repaired to the yard's sanitary system or
dispose of by a commercial waste disposal company.
Use appropriate material transfer procedures, including spill prevention and containment
activities.
Train employees in appropriate material transfer procedures, including spill prevention and
containment activities.
Bilge and ballast water
Collect and dispose of bilge and ballast waters which contain oils, solvents, detergents, or
other additives to a licensed waste disposal company.
EPA-833-F-06-033
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
What if activities and materials at my facility are not exposed to
precipitation?
The industrial stormwater program requires permit coverage for a number of specified types of
industrial activities. However, when a facility is able to prevent the exposure of ALL relevant activities
and materials to precipitation, it may be eligible to claim no exposure and qualify for a waiver from
permit coverage.
If you are regulated under the industrial permitting program, you must either obtain permit coverage
or submit a no exposure certification form, if available. Check with your permitting authority for
additional information as not every permitting authority program provides no exposure exemptions.
Where do I get more information?
For additional information on the industrial stormwater program see
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp.
A list of names and telephone numbers for each EPA Region or state NPDES permitting authority can
be found at www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatercontacts.
References
Information contained in this Fact Sheet was compiled from EPA's past and current Multi-Sector
General Permits and from the following sources:
4 Austin, D. 2001. "Managing Shipyard Stormwater Discharges: Shipyard Stormwater Pollutant
Sources and Loading." Presented at 11th Southern States Annual Environmental Conference
Shipyard Environmental Issues Track in Gulfport, MS.
www.advisorycouncil.org/ILC/Download_library/AC10049.pdf
4 City of Phoenix, Arizona, Street Transportation Department, Storm Water Management
Section. 2004. Prevent Stormwater Contamination Best Management Practices for Ship and
Boat Building an Repair Yards. SIC Codes: Major Groups 24 (except 2434), 26 (except 265, 267),
28 (except 283, 285), 29, 311, 32 (except 3230-39), 33, 3441, 373 (except 3731, 3732).
http://phoenix.gov/STREETS/boat.pdf
4 Kellems, Barry L., et. al. "Design of Emerging Technologies for Control and Removal of
Stormwater Pollutants." Presented at 2003 World Water and Environmental Resources
Congress in Philadelphia, PA. June 22-26, 2003.
www.hartcrowser.com/pdfs/Stormwater_Abstract.pdf
4 Moling, C. and Kellems, B. "Successful Demonstration of the Stormwater Management
StormFilter ® Enhanced Filtration System for Treatment of Shipyard Stormwater." Presented
at the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Shipyards, Drydocks, Parts, and Harbors: 3rd
International Symposium in New Orleans, LA. November 5-7, 2003.
www.hartcrowser.com/PDFs/Stormfilter.pdf
4 Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center. 1997. Large Shipyards in Washington:
P2 and BMP Opportunities. A Northwest Industry RoundTable Report.
www.pprc.org/pubs/shipyard/wash/rt_toc.html
4 Pierce County Public Works and Utilities. "Stormwater Pollution Prevention Manual: A Guide to
Best Management Practices for Industries, Businesses, and Homeowners."
www.co.pierce.wa.us/pc/services/home/environ/water/wq/bmpmanaul.htm
EPA-833-F-06-033
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector R: Ship and Boat Building or Repair Yards
Schafran, Gary C, et. al. 1998. Final Report: Stormwater Collection, Treatment, Recycling, and
Reuse in a Shipyard. NSRP Project NI-96-07. Center for Advanced Ship Repair and Maintenance
(CASRM), Old Dominion University.
www.eng.odu.edu/casrm/stormwater.pdf
U.S. EPA, National Center for Environmental Innovation. June 2004. 2004 Sector Strategies
Performance Report: Shipbuilding and Ship Repair. EPA 100-R-04-002.
www.epa.gov/sectors/pdf/ship.pdf
U.S. EPA, Office of Science and Technology. 1999. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban
Stormwater Best Management Practices. EPA-821-R-99-012
www.epa.gov/OST/stormwater/
U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Management. NPDES Stormwater Multi-Sector General Permit
for Industrial Activities (MSGP).
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp
EPA-833-F-06-033
10
------- |