Industrial Stormwater Fact Sheet Series Sector S: Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities


INDUSTRIAL   STORMWATER
FACT  SHEET  SERIES
                               Sector 5; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment

                                Cleaning Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air
            U.S. EPA Office of Water
            EPA-833-F-06-034
            December 2006
  What is the NPDES stormwater permitting program for industrial
  activity?
  Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial
  processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The
  runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via
  storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality.

  In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the
  National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated
  with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be
  either EPA or a state environmental agency,  issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these
  industrial facilities.


  What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit
  coverage?
  This fact sheet specifically discusses stormwater discharges from airports, airport terminals, airline
  carriers, and establishments as defined by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Major Group 45.
  Facilities and products in this group fall under the following categories, all of which require coverage
  under an industrial stormwater permit:
    4 Servicing, repairing, or maintaining aircraft and ground vehicles
    4 Equipment cleaning and maintenance (including vehicle and equipment rehabilitation
      mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, lubrication)
    4 Deicing/anti-icing operations which conduct the above described activities

  The operator and the tenants of the airport  that conduct industrial activities as described above and
  which have stormwater discharges are required to apply for coverage under an NPDES stormwater
  permit for the discharges from their areas of operation. The airport management and tenants of the
  airport are encouraged to apply as co-permittees under a permit, and to work in partnership in the
  development and implementation of a stormwater pollution prevention plan.

  Non-stormwater discharges, including discharges from aircraft, ground vehicle and equipment wash-
  waters, dry weather discharges from airport deicing/anti-icing  operations, and dry weather discharges
  resulting from runway maintenance are not required to obtain coverage under an industrial storm-
  water permit. Dry weather discharges are generated from processes other than those described in the
  definition of stormwater. The definition of stormwater includes stormwater runoff, snow melt runoff,
  and surface runoff and drainage.


  What does an industrial stormwater permit require?
  Common requirements for coverage under an industrial  stormwater permit include development of
  a written stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), implementation of control measures, and
  submittal of a request for permit coverage, usually referred to as the Notice of Intent or NOI. The

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector S; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning
Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities
  SWPPP is a written assessment of potential sources of pollutants in stormwater runoff and control
  measures that will be implemented at your facility to minimize the discharge of these pollutants in
  runoff from the site. These control measures include site-specific best management practices (BMPs),
  maintenance plans, inspections, employee training, and reporting. The procedures detailed  in the
  SWPPP must be implemented by the facility and updated as necessary, with a copy of the SWPPP kept
  on-site. The industrial stormwater permit also requires collection of visual, analytical, and/or compli-
  ance monitoring data to determine the effectiveness of implemented BMPs. For more information on
  EPA's industrial stormwater permit and links to State stormwater permits, go to www.epa.gov/npdes/
  stormwater and click on "Industrial Activity."


  What pollutants are associated with my facilities activities?
  Pollutants conveyed in stormwater discharges from air transportation facilities will vary. Generally, the
  concern with the use of ethylene and propylene glycols is that they exert high oxygen demands when
  released into receiving waters. Additionally, the concentration of nitrogen and possibly ammonia are
  the concern with the respect to deicing/anti-icing  operations where urea is used. There are a number
  of factors that influence to what extent industrial activities and significant materials can affect water
  quality.
     4  Geographic location
     4  Topography
     4  Hydrogeology
     4  Extent of impervious surfaces (e.g.,, concrete or asphalt)
     4  Type of ground cover (e.g., vegetation, crushed stone, or dirt)
     4  Outdoor activities (e.g., material storage, loading/unloading, vehicle maintenance)
     4  Size of the operation
     4  Type, duration, and intensity of precipitation events

  The activities, pollutant sources, and pollutants detailed in Table 1 are commonly found at air
  transportation facilities.

  Table 1.  Common Activities, Pollutants Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Air Transportation
  Facilities
Activity
Aircraft deicing/
anti-icing
Runway deicing/
anti-icing
Aircraft servicing
Aircraft fueling
Aircraft, ground
vehicle, and
equipment
maintenance and
washing
Runway
maintenance
Pollutant Source
Runoff of spent deicing chemicals (e.g. ethylene
glycol or propylene glycol) from aircraft exteriors
Runoff of spent deicing chemicals (e.g. ethylene or
propylene glycol, urea, potassium or sodium acetate,
potassium or sodium formate) from deicing areas
Spills or leaks during servicing
Spills and leaks during fuel transfer, spills due to
"topping off" tanks, runoff from fueling areas,
washdown of fueling areas, leaking storage tanks
Spills and leaks during maintenance
Disposal of waste parts
Spent washwater
Materials removed from runway surface
Chemicals used to clean the runway surface
Pollutant
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
BOD, nitrogen, ammonia
Engine oil, hydraulic fluid, fuel, lavatory waste
Jet fuel, fuel additives, oil, lubricants,
heavy metals
Engine oils, hydraulic fluids, transmission oil,
radiator fluids, and chemical solvents
Batteries, oil, fuel filters, oily rags
TSS, metals, fuel, hydraulic fluid, oil, lavatory
waste
Tire rubber, oil and grease, paint chips, jet fuel
Chemical solvents
  EPA-833-F-06-034

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector S; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning
Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities

What BMPs can be used to minimize contact between stormwater
and potential pollutants at my facility?
A variety of BMP options may be applicable to eliminate or minimize the presence of pollutants
in stormwater discharges from air transportation facilities. You will likely need to implement a
combination or suite of BMPs to address stormwater runoff at your facility. Your first consideration
should be for pollution prevention BMPs, which are designed to prevent or minimize pollutants
from entering stormwater runoff and/or reduce the volume of stormwater requiring management.
Prevention BMPs can include regular cleanup, collection and containment of debris in storage areas,
and other housekeeping practices, spill control, and employee training. It may also be necessary to
implement treatment BMPs, which are engineered structures intended to treat stormwater runoff and/
or mitigate the effects of increased stormwater runoff peak rate, volume, and velocity. Treatment BMPs
are generally more expensive to install and maintain and include oil-water separators, wet ponds, and
proprietary filter devices.

BMPs must be selected and implemented to address the following:

Good Housekeeping Practices
Good housekeeping is a practical, cost-effective way to maintain a clean and orderly facility to prevent
potential pollution sources from coming into contact with stormwater. It includes establishing proto-
cols to reduce the possibility of mishandling materials or equipment and training employees in good
housekeeping techniques. Common areas where good housekeeping practices should be followed in-
clude trash containers and adjacent areas, material storage areas, vehicle and equipment maintenance
areas, and loading docks. Good housekeeping practices must include a schedule for regular pickup and
disposal of garbage and waste materials and routine inspections of drums, tanks, and containers for
leaks and structural conditions. Practices also include containing and covering garbage, waste materi-
als, and debris. Involving employees in routine monitoring of housekeeping practices has proven to
be an effective means of ensuring the continued implementation of these measures.

Minimizing Exposure
Where feasible, minimizing exposure of potential pollutant sources to precipitation is an important
control option. Minimizing exposure prevents pollutants, including debris, from coming into contact
with precipitation and can reduce the need for BMPs to treat contaminated stormwater runoff. It can
also prevent debris from being picked up by stormwater and carried into drains and surface waters.
Examples of BMPs for exposure minimization include covering materials or activities with temporary
structures (e.g., tarps) when wet weather is expected or moving materials or activities to existing
or new permanent structures (e.g., buildings, silos, sheds). Even the simple practice of keeping a
dumpster lid closed can be a very effective pollution prevention measure.

Erosion and Sediment Control
BMPs must be selected and implemented to limit erosion on areas of your site that, due to
topography, activities, soils, cover, materials, or other factors are likely to experience erosion. Erosion
control BMPs such as seeding, mulching, and sodding prevent soil from becoming dislodged and
should be considered first. Sediment control BMPs such as silt fences, sediment ponds, and stabilized
entrances, trap sediment after it has eroded. Sediment control BMPs should be used to back-up
erosion control BMPs.

Management of Runoff
Your SWPPP must contain a narrative evaluation of the appropriateness of stormwater management
practices that divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage stormwater runoff so as to reduce the
discharge of pollutants. Appropriate measures are highly site-specific, but may include, among others,
vegetative swales, collection and reuse of stormwater, inlet controls, snow management, infiltration
devices, and wet retention measures.

EPA-833-F-06-034 3

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector S; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning
Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities
A combination of preventive and treatment BMPs will yield the most effective stormwater manage-
ment for minimizing the offsite discharge of pollutants via stormwater runoff. Though not specifically
outlined in this fact sheet, BMPs must also address preventive maintenance records or logbooks, regu-
lar facility inspections, spill prevention and response, and employee training.
All BMPs require regular maintenance to function as intended. Some management measures have
simple maintenance requirements, others are quite involved. You must regularly inspect all BMPs to
ensure they are operating properly, including during runoff events. As soon as a problem is found,
action to resolve it should be initiated immediately.
Implement BMPs, such as those listed below in Table 2 for the control of pollutants at air transporta-
tion facilities, to minimize and prevent the discharge of pollutants in stormwater. Identifying weak-
nesses in current facility practices will aid the permittee in determining appropriate BMPs that will
achieve a reduction in pollutant loadings. BMPs listed in Table 2 are broadly applicable to air transpor-
tation facilities; however, this is not a complete list and you are recommended to consult with regula-
tory agencies or a stormwater engineer/consultant to identify appropriate BMPs for your facility.

Table 2. BMPS for Potential Pollutant Sources at Air Transportation Facilities
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Deicing/anti-icing
aircraft
Q Establish a centralized aircraft deicing station with containment of surface and subsurface
drainage.
Q To reduce deicing fluid applied:
- Forced-air deicing systems
- Computer-controlled fixed-gantry systems
- Infrared technology
- Hot water
- Varying glycol content to air temperature
- Enclosed-basket deicing trucks
- Mechanical methods
- Solar radiation
- Hangar storage
- Aircraft covers
- Thermal blankets fro MD-80s and DC-9s
FJ Apply deicing fluid and anti-icer to planes on deicing pads if available.
FJ Apply anti-icer to aircraft that will be parked overnight to make it easier to remove
accumulated snow and ice in the morning.
Q Apply anti-icer to aircraft immediately after deicing to provide extended hold-over time prior
to take-off.
Q Ensure that stormwater inlets are blocked when deicing/anti-icing during dry weather.
FJ Use mechanical vacuum systems or other devices to collect aircraft deicing runoff from the
apron surface for proper disposal.
FJ Dispose collected aircraft deicing runoff to sanitary sewage facility (if allowed by sewer
authority), on-site treatment, or recycle (resell or reuse).
FJ Use portable tanks, retention and detention ponds for temporary storage of collected deicing
runoff.
Q Collect contaminated runoff in a wet pond for biochemical decomposition (be aware of
attracting wildlife that may prove hazardous to flight operations).
Q Recover and recycle/dispose of unused deicing fluids in deicing trucks.
FJ Recover deicing materials when applied during non-precipitation events (e.g., covering storm
sewer inlets, using booms, installing absorptive interceptors in the drains, etc.) to prevent
materials from later contaminating stormwater.
EPA-833-F-06-034

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector S; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning
Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities
Table 2. BMPS for Potential Pollutant Sources at Air Transportation Facilities (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Deicing/anti-icing
runways and pads
FJ Evaluate and optimize present chemical application rates
FJ Use sand where possible to enhance friction.
FJ Plow and broom runways prior to application of deicing chemicals.
Q Heat solid deicers and sand prior to application.
Q Install and calibrate devices to meter the amount of pavement deicer being applied.
Q Emphasize anti-icing operations which minimize the need to deice.
Q Install runway ice detection systems ("pavement sensors") to monitor pavement
temperatures.
Q Pre-wet with liquid deicers to improve adhesion of solid deicers to the iced surface.
Q Use deicers which have less of an environmental impact (e.g. sodium formate and potassium
acetate as opposed to urea and glycol).
FJ Ensure proper handling and disposal of unused deicing chemicals in vehicles.
FJ Use ice detection systems.
FJ Use airport traffic flow strategies and departure slot allocation systems.
Aircraft, ground
vehicle, and
equipment
maintenance areas
(including aircraft
service areas)
Good Housekeeping
FJ Eliminate floor drains that are connected to the storm or sanitary sewer; if necessary, install a
sump that is pumped regularly. Collected wastes should be properly treated or disposed of by
a licensed waste disposal company.
Q Prevent and contain spills and drips.
Q Do all cleaning at a centralized station so the solvents stay in one area.
Q Remove any parts that are dipped in liquid slowly to avoid spills.
Q Use drip pans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips back into a fluid holding tank for
reuse.
Q Drain all parts of fluids prior to disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled.
FJ Transfer used fluids to the proper container promptly; do not leave full drip pans or other
open containers around the shop. Empty and clean drip pans and containers.
FJ Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills without using large amounts of water. Use absorbents
for dry cleanup whenever possible.
FJ Prohibit the practice of hosing down an area where the practice would result in the discharge
of pollutants to a stormwater system.
Q Prohibit pouring liquid waste into floor drains, sinks, outdoor storm drain inlets, or other
storm drains or sewer connections.
Q Maintain an organized inventory of materials.
Q Eliminate or reduce the number and amount of hazardous materials and waste by
substituting nonhazardous or less hazardous materials.
FJ Label and track the recycling of waste material (e.g., used oil, spent solvents, batteries).
FJ Store batteries and other significant materials inside.
FJ Dispose of greasy rags, oil filters, air filters, batteries, spent coolant, and degreasers in
compliance with RCRA regulations.
EPA-833-F-06-034

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector S; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning
Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities
Table 2. BMPS for Potential Pollutant Sources at Air Transportation Facilities (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Aircraft, ground
vehicle, and
equipment
maintenance areas
(including aircraft
service areas)
(continued)
Minimizing Exposure
Q Perform all cleaning operations indoors or under covering when possible. Conduct the
cleaning operations in an area with a concrete floor with no floor drainage other than to
sanitary sewers or treatment facilities.
FJ If operations are uncovered, perform them on a concrete pad that is impervious and
contained.
FJ Park vehicles and equipment indoors or under a roof whenever possible and maintain proper
control of oil leaks/spills.
Q Check vehicles closely for leaks and use pans to collect fluid when leaks occur.
Management of Runoff
Q Use berms, curbs, grassed swales, or other diversion measures to ensure that stormwater
runoff from other parts of the facility does not flow over the maintenance area.
Q Collect the stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and provide treatment or recycling.
Q Discharge vehicle wash or rinse water to the sanitary sewer (if allowed by sewer authority),
wastewater treatment, a land application site, or recycle on-site. DO NOT discharge
washwater to a storm drain or to surface water.
Inspections and Training
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
FJ Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
FJ Inspect the maintenance area regularly for proper implementation of control measures.
FJ Train employees on proper waste control and disposal procedures.
Aircraft, ground
vehicle, and
equipment cleaning
areas
FJ Perform all cleaning operations indoors.
FJ Confine activities to designated areas outside drainage pathways and away from surface
waters.
FJ If washing outdoors, cover the cleaning operation and ensure that all washwaters drain to
the intended collection system.
Q Use phosphate-free biodegradable detergents.
Q Contain and recycle washwaters.
Q Collect stormwater runoff from the cleaning area and provide treatment or recycling.
Q Inspect cleaning area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented and maintained.
Q Train employees on proper washing procedures.
Aircraft, ground
vehicle, and
equipment storage
areas
Store aircraft, ground vehicles and equipment indoors.
Cover the storage area with a roof.
Store aircraft, ground vehicles, and equipment awaiting maintenance in designated areas
only.
Park leaking deicing trucks in contained areas.
Install perimeter drains, berms, and dikes around storage areas to limit run-on.
Use absorbents for dry cleanup for spills and leaks.
Use drip pans under all vehicles and equipment for the collection of fluid leaks.
Clean pavement surface to remove oil and grease without using large amounts of water.
EPA-833-F-06-034

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector S; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning
Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities
Table 2. BMPS for Potential Pollutant Sources at Air Transportation Facilities (continued)
Pollutant Source
BMPs
Aircraft, ground
vehicle, and
equipment storage
areas (continued)
FJ Regularly sweep area to minimize debris on the ground.
FJ Provide dust control if necessary. When controlling dust, sweep and/or apply water or
materials that will not impact surface or ground water.
Q Inspect the storage yard for filling drip pans regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
Q Train employees on procedures for storage and inspection items.
Material storage areas
Q Store materials indoors.
Q Maintain good integrity of all storage containers (e.g., used oils, hydraulic fluids, spent
solvents, waste aircraft fuel).
Q Create a centralized storage area for waste materials.
Q Cover and/or enclose chemical storage areas (including temporary cover such as a tarp that
prevents contact with precipitation).
Q Provide secondary containment around chemical storage areas.
FJ If containment structures have drains, ensure that the drains have valves, and that valves
are maintained in the closed position. Institute protocols for checking/testing stormwater in
containment areas prior to discharge.
FJ Locate storage areas away from high traffic areas and surface waters.
FJ Inspect storage tanks and piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and
valves) for failures or leaks and perform preventive maintenance.
Q Plainly label all containers.
Q Maintain an inventory of fluids to identify leakage.
Q Provide fluid level indicators.
Q Properly dispose of chemicals that are no longer in use.
Q Store and handle reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids in compliance with applicable local
fire codes, local zoning codes, and the National Electric Code.
Q Provide drip pads/pans where chemicals are transferred from one container to another to
allow for recycling of spills and leaks.
Develop and implement spill plans or spill prevention, containment, and countermeasure
(SPCC) plans, if required for your facility.
FJ

FJ Train employees in spill prevention and control and proper materials management.
Airport fuel system
and fueling areas
Conduct fueling operations (including the transfer of fuel to tank trucks) on an impervious or
contained pad and under a roof or canopy where possible. Covering should extend beyond
spill containment pad to prevent rain from entering.
When fueling in uncovered area, use concrete pad (asphalt is not chemically resistant to the
fuels being handled).
Develop and implement a system to report any spill exceeding 5 feet in any direction or
which has entered the storm drainage system.
Use drip pans and absorptive materials beneath aircraft during fueling operations where leaks
or spills of fuel can occur and where making and breaking hose connections.
Use fueling hoses with check valves to prevent hose drainage after filling.
Insure that storm water valves, plugs and similar appurtenances are closed during fuel
transfer operations.
EPA-833-F-06-034

Q Keep spill cleanup materials readily available.

FJ Clean up spills and leaks immediately.

Q Use dry cleanup methods for fuel areas rather than hosing down the fuel area. Sweep up
absorbents as soon as spilled substances have been absorbed.

FJ Use spill and overflow protection devices.

FJ Minimize run-on of stormwater into the fueling area by grading the area such that
stormwater only runs off.

Q Collect stormwater runoff and provide treatment or recycling.

FJ Provide curbing or posts around fuel pumps to prevent collisions from vehicles.

Q Regularly inspect and perform preventive maintenance on fuel storage tanks to detect
potential leaks before they occur.

Q Inspect the fueling area for leaks and spills.

FJ Do not allow "topping off" of the fuel in the receiving equipment.

Q Train personnel on vehicle fueling BMPs.
Storing liquid fuels
Q If area is uncovered, connect sump outlet to sanitary sewer (if allowed by the sewer
authority) or an oil/water separator, catch basin filter, etc. If connecting to a sanitary sewer
check with the system operator to ensure that the discharge is acceptable. If implementing
separator or filter technologies ensure that regular inspections and maintenance procedures
are in place.

Q Develop and implement spill plans.

Q Train employees in spill prevention and control.

Above ground tanks

FJ Provide secondary containment, such as dikes, with a height sufficient to contain a spill
(the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent of the volume
contained in the largest tank).

FJ If containment structures have drains, ensure that the drains have valves, and that valves
are maintained in the closed position. Institute protocols for checking/testing stormwater in
containment areas prior to discharge.

FJ Use double-walled tanks with overflow protection.

Q Keep liquid transfer nozzles/hoses in secondary containment area.

Portable containers/drums

FJ Store drums indoors when possible.

Q Store drums, including empty or used drums, in secondary containment with a roof or cover
(including temporary cover such as a tarp that prevents contact with precipitation).

Q Provide secondary containment, such as dikes or portable containers, with a height sufficient
to contain a spill (the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent
of the volume contained in the largest tank).

Q Clearly label drum with its contents.
Deicing chemical
loading areas
FJ Store bulk aircraft deicing fluids in contained areas.

Q Load deicing trucks in contained areas.
EPA-833-F-06-034

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector S; Vehicle Maintenance Areas, Equipment Cleaning
Areas, or Deicing Areas Located at Air Transportation Facilities

What if activities and materials at my facility are not exposed to
precipitation?
The industrial stormwater program requires permit coverage for a number of specified types of
industrial activities. However, when a facility is able to prevent the exposure of ALL relevant activities
and materials to precipitation, it may be eligible to claim no exposure and qualify for a waiver from
permit coverage.

If you are regulated under the industrial permitting program, you must either obtain permit coverage
or submit a no exposure certification form, if available. Check with your permitting authority for
additional information as not every permitting authority program provides no exposure exemptions.

Where do I get more information?
For additional information on the industrial stormwater program see
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp.

A list of names and telephone numbers for each EPA Region or state NPDES permitting authority can
be found at www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatercontacts.

References
Information contained in this Fact Sheet was compiled from EPA's past and current Multi-Sector
General Permits and from the following sources:

4 City of Phoenix, Street Transportation Department. 2004. Best Management Practices for
Section S - Vehicle Maintenance Equipment Cleaning, or Deicing at Air Transportation Facilities.
http://phoenix.gov/STREETS/vehmnt2.pdf

4 Orange County, California, Watershed & Coastal Resources Division. "Airplane Maintenance
and Repair."
www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/documents_bmp_existing_development.asp

4 Pierce County Washington Public Works and Utilities. 2002. "Stormwater Pollution Prevention
Manual: A Guide to Best Management Practices for Industries, Businesses, and Homeowners."
www.co.pierce.wa.us/pc/services/home/environ/water/wq/bmpmanaul.htm

4 Switzenbaum, et. al., 1999. Workshop: Best Management Practices for Airport Deicing
Stormwater: Publication 173.
www.umass.edu/tei/wrrc/WRRC2004/pdf/Switz173.pdf

4 U.S. EPA. 1992. Stormwater Management for Industrial Activities: Developing Pollution
Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices. EPA 832-R-92-006
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater

4 U.S. EPA, Office of Science and Technology. 1999. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban
Stormwater Best Management Practices. EPA-821-R-99-012
www.epa.gov/OST/stormwater/

4- U.S. EPA, Office of Water. 2002. Source Water Protections Practices Bulletin: Managing Aircraft
and Airfield Deicing Operations to Prevent Contamination of Drinking Water. EPA-816-F-02-018.
www.epa.gov/saf ewater/sourcewater/pubs/fs_swpp_deicingair.pdf

4 U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Management. NPDES Stormwater Multi-Sector General Permit
for Industrial Activities (MSGP).
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp
EPA-833-F-06-034

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