INDUSTRIAL  STORMWATER
FACT SHEET SERIES
                                   Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities
           U.S. EPA Office of Water
           EPA-833-F-06-039
           December 2006
 What is the NPDES stormwater permitting program for industrial
 activity?
 Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial
 processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The
 runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via
 storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality.

 In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the
 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated
 with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be
 either EPA or a state environmental agency, issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these
 industrial facilities.


 What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit
 coverage?
 This fact sheet specifically discusses stormwater discharges from printing and publishing facilities
 including allied industries facilities described in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Major Group 27.
 Facilities and products in this group fall under the following categories, all of which require coverage
 under an industrial stormwater permit:
    4 Newspapers: publishing, or publishing and printing (SIC 2711)
    4 Periodicals: publishing, or publishing and printing (SIC 2721)
    4 Books: publishing, or publishing and printing (SIC 2731)
    4- Book printing (SIC 2732)
    4 Miscellaneous publishing (SIC 2741)
    4 Commercial printing, lithographic (SIC 2752)
    4 Commercial printing, gravure (SIC 2754)
    4 Commercial printing, not elsewhere classified (SIC 2759)
    4 Manifold business forms (SIC 2761)
    4 Greeting cards (SIC 2771)
    4 Blank books, looseleaf binders and devices (SIC 2782)
    4- Bookbinding and related work (SIC 2789)
    +• Typesetting (SIC 2791)
    4 Platemaking and related services (SIC 2796)

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER  FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities
  What does an industrial storm water permit require?
  Common requirements for coverage under an industrial stormwater permit include development of a
  written stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), implementation of control measures, and sub-
  mittal of a request for permit coverage, usually referred to as the Notice of Intent or NOI. The SWPPP
  is a written assessment of potential sources of pollutants in stormwater runoff and control measures
  that will be implemented at your facility to minimize the discharge of these pollutants in runoff from
  the site. These control measures include site-specific best management practices (BMPs), maintenance
  plans, inspections, employee training, and reporting. The procedures detailed in the SWPPP must be
  implemented by the facility and updated as necessary, with a copy of the SWPPP kept on-site. The in-
  dustrial stormwater permit also requires collection of visual, analytical, and/or compliance monitoring
  data to determine the effectiveness of implemented BMPs. For more information on EPA's industrial
  stormwater permit and links to State stormwater permits, go to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
  and click on "Industrial Activity."

  What pollutants are associated with activities at my facility?
  Pollutants conveyed  in stormwater discharges from printing and publishing facilities will vary. There
  are a number of factors that influence to what extent industrial activities and significant materials can
  affect water quality.
     4 Geographic location
     4 Topography
     4 Hydrogeology
     4 Extent of impervious surfaces (e.g.,, concrete or asphalt)
     4 Type of ground cover (e.g., vegetation, crushed stone, or dirt)
     4 Outdoor activities (e.g., material storage, loading/unloading, vehicle maintenance)
     4 Size of the operation
     4 Type, duration, and intensity of precipitation events

  The activities, pollutant sources, and pollutants detailed in Table 1 are commonly found  at printing
  and publishing facilities.

  Table 1.  Common Activities, Pollutant Sources, and Associated Pollutants at Printing and Publishing
  Facilities
Activity
Plate preparation
Printing
Clean up
Stencil preparation
for screen printing
Material handling:
transfer, storage,
disposal
Photo processing
Fueling areas
Pollutant Source
Ink (lithography, letterpress, screen printing,
flexography), etch baths, and/or applying lacquer
Ink (lithography, letterpress, screen printing,
flexography), gravure
Used plates: type, die, press blankets, and rollers
Lacquer stencil film, photoemulsion, blockout (screen
filler)
Spills and leaks from material handling equipment
Spills and leaks from above ground tanks
Solvents; trash; petroleum products
Developing negatives and prints
Spills and leaks during fuel transfer, spills due to
"topping off" tanks, runoff from fueling areas,
washdown of fueling areas, leaking storage tanks,
spills of oils, brake fluids, transmission fluids, engine
coolants
Pollutant
Solvent, heavy metal, toxic waste, ink with
solvents chromium, and/or lead
Heavy metals (dust and sludge),
Ink - toxic wastes, heavy metals, solvents
Solvents, photographic processing wastes
Fuel, oil, heavy metals
Fuel, oil, heavy metals, material being stored
Heavy metals, spent solvents, oil
Heavy metals, spent solvents
Gas/diesel fuel, oil, lubricants, heavy metals
  EPA-833-F-06-039

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities
  What BMPs can be used to minimize contact between stormwater
  and potential pollutants at my facility?
  A variety of BMP options may be applicable to eliminate or minimize the presence of pollutants in
  stormwater discharges from printing and publishing facilities. You will likely need to implement a
  combination or suite of BMPs to address stormwater runoff at your facility. Your first consideration
  should be for pollution prevention BMPs, which are designed to prevent or minimize pollutants
  from entering stormwater runoff and/or reduce the volume of stormwater requiring management.
  Prevention BMPs can include regular cleanup, collection and containment of debris in storage areas,
  and other housekeeping practices, spill control, and employee training. It may also be necessary to
  implement treatment BMPs, which are engineered structures intended to treat stormwater runoff
  and/or mitigate the effects of increased  stormwater runoff peak rate, volume, and velocity. Treatment
  BMPs are generally more expensive to install and maintain and include oil-water separators, wet
  ponds, and proprietary filter devices. All printing and publishing facilities are required to implement
  BMPs in the following areas of the site:
     4  Material storage areas
     4  Material handling operations and areas (e.g., blanket wash, mixing solvents, loading/unloading
        materials)
     4  Fueling areas
     4  Above ground storage tank areas, including associated piping and valves

  BMPs must be selected and implemented to address the following:

  Good Housekeeping Practices
  Good housekeeping is a practical, cost-effective way to maintain a clean and orderly facility to
  prevent potential pollution sources from coming into contact with stormwater. It includes establishing
  protocols to reduce the possibility of mishandling materials or equipment and training employees
  in good housekeeping techniques. Common areas where good housekeeping practices should be
  followed include trash containers and adjacent areas, material storage areas, vehicle and equipment
  maintenance areas, and loading docks. Good housekeeping practices must include a schedule for
  regular pickup and disposal of garbage  and waste materials and routine inspections of drums, tanks,
  and containers for leaks and structural conditions. Practices also include containing and covering
  garbage, waste materials, and debris. Involving employees in routine monitoring of housekeeping
  practices has proven to be an effective means of ensuring the continued implementation of these
  measures.

  Specific good housekeeping practices for printing and publishing facilities include:
     4  Regular cleanup of above ground storage tank areas
     4  Using dry cleanup methods in above ground storage tank areas and fueling areas
     4  An inventory control plan to prevent excessive purchasing of potentially hazardous substances

  Minimizing Exposure
  Where feasible, minimizing exposure of potential pollutant sources to precipitation is an important
  control option.  Minimizing exposure prevents pollutants, including debris, from coming  into  contact
  with precipitation and can reduce the need for BMPs to treat contaminated stormwater  runoff. It can
  also prevent debris from being picked up by stormwater and carried into drains and surface waters.
  Examples of BMPs for exposure minimization include covering materials or activities with temporary
  structures (e.g., tarps) when wet weather is expected or moving materials or activities to existing
  or new permanent structures (e.g., buildings, silos, sheds).  Even the simple practice of keeping a
  dumpster lid closed can be a very effective pollution prevention measure.
  EPA-833-F-06-039

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities
  Specific exposure minimization practices for printing and publishing facilities include:
     4 Plainly labeling and storing all containerized materials (e.g., skids, pallets, solvents, bulk inks,
        hazardous waste, empty drums, portable/mobile containers of plant debris, wood crates, steel
        racks, fuel oil, etc.) in a protected area away from drains
     4 Constructing containment areas or enclosures for those materials stored outdoors
     4 Where applicable, replacing or repairing leaking connections, valves, transfer lines and pipes
        that may carry chemicals or wastewater
     4 Covering fueling areas
     4 Covering/enclosing areas where the transfer of materials may occur
     4 Using spill and overflow protection in fueling areas and material handling operations and
        areas (e.g., blanket wash, mixing solvents, and loading/unloading materials)
     4 Permanently sealing drains within critical above ground storage tank areas that may discharge
        to a storm drain
     4 Restricting access to above ground storage tank areas

  Erosion and Sediment Control
  BMPs must be selected and implemented to limit erosion on areas of your site that, due to topography,
  activities, soils, cover, materials, or other factors are likely to experience erosion. Erosion control BMPs
  such  as seeding, mulching, and sodding prevent soil from becoming dislodged and should be consid-
  ered  first. Sediment control BMPs such as silt fences, sediment ponds, and stabilized entrances trap
  sediment after it has eroded. Sediment control BMPs should be used to back-up erosion control BMPs.

  Management of Runoff
  Your SWPPP must contain a narrative evaluation of the  appropriateness of stormwater management
  practices that divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage stormwater runoff so as to reduce the
  discharge of pollutants. Appropriate measures are highly site-specific, but may  include, among others,
  vegetative swales, collection and reuse of stormwater, inlet controls, snow management,  infiltration
  devices, and wet retention measures.

  Specific runoff management practices for printing and publishing facilities include:
     4 Minimizing runoff of stormwater to fueling areas and above ground tank storage areas
     4 Insertion  of filters in catch basins adjacent to above  ground tank storage areas
     4 Treating and/or recycling stormwater runoff collected from fueling areas

  A combination of preventive and treatment BMPs will yield the most effective stormwater
  management for minimizing the offsite discharge of pollutants via stormwater runoff. Though not
  specifically outlined in this fact sheet, BMPs must also address preventive maintenance records or
  logbooks, regular facility inspections, spill prevention and response, and employee training.

  All BMPs require regular maintenance to function as intended. Some management measures have
  simple maintenance requirements, others are quite involved. You must regularly inspect all BMPs to
  ensure they are operating properly, including during runoff events. As soon as a problem is found,
  action to resolve it should be initiated immediately.

  Implement BMPs, such as those listed below in Table 2 for the control of pollutants at printing and
  publishing facilities, to minimize and prevent the discharge of pollutants in stormwater. Identifying
  weaknesses in current facility practices will aid the permittee in determining appropriate BMPs that
  will achieve a reduction in pollutant loadings. BMPs listed in Table 2 are broadly applicable to printing
  and publishing facilities; however, this is not a complete list and you are recommended to consult with
  regulatory agencies or a stormwater engineer/consultant to identify appropriate BMPs for your facility.
  EPA-833-F-06-039

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities
  Table 2.  BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Printing and Publishing Facilities
   Pollutant Source
BMPs
   Plate preparation
FJ  Use aqueous-developed lithographic plates or wipe-on plates.
   Printing
   Use press wipes as long as possible before discarding or laundering; dirty ones for the first
   pass, clean ones for the second pass.
   Remove solvent from dirty rags by squeeze or centrifuge prior to laundering.
   Set up an  in-house dirty rag cleaning operation if warranted or send to approved industrial
   laundries,  if available.
   Use a dedicated press for inks with hazardous pigments/solvents.
   Segregate used oil from solvents or other materials.
   Use water-based inks in gravure and flexographic printing process.
   Fill ink fountains with only enough ink for a run or shift;  return un-emulsified inks to their
   containers.
   Substitute less toxic solvents for highly aromatic solvents; use detergent solutions.
   Monitor baths and accurately replenish chemicals.
   Use a solvent pump can instead of pouring solvent from  a jug to minimize solvent use and
   exposure.
   Cleanup
   Centralize liquid solvent cleaning in one location.
   Designate special areas for draining or replacing fluids.
   Label sinks as to proper disposal of liquids.
   Use doctor blades and squeegees to remove as much ink as possible prior to cleaning with
   solvent and rags.
   Dry solvent-coated screens before washing them in water.
   Do not clean screens over a sink or drain.
   Minimize solvent use during equipment cleaning.
   Substitute nontoxic or less toxic cleaning solvents.
   Recover waste solvents on-site with batch distillation or utilize professional solvent recyclers.
   Use counter-current washing instead of parallel rinse systems.
   Use a closed-washing system.
   Use equipment wash down water for making up subsequent batches.
   Eliminate once-through cooling water for compressors.
   Inspect the area regularly to ensure BMPs are implemented.
   Train employees on waste control and disposal procedures.
   Stencil preparation for
   screen printing
   Capture excess ink from silkscreen process before washing the screen to decrease amount of
   ink used and cleaning emulsion used.
   Photo processing
   Collect and properly manage fixing bath, developer, used film, photographic paper, and
   blackened ends of photosetting paper.
   Material handling and
   storage
   Cover and/or enclose chemical storage areas (including temporary cover such as a tarp that
   prevents contact with precipitation).
   Provide secondary containment around chemical storage areas.
   If containment structures have drains, ensure that the drains have valves, and that valves
   are maintained in the closed position. Institute protocols for checking/testing stormwater in
   containment areas prior to discharge.
  EPA-833-F-06-039

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER  FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities
  Table 2.  BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Printing and Publishing Facilities (continued)
   Pollutant Source
BMPs
   Material handling and
   storage (continued)
FJ  Use double-walled tanks.
FJ  Locate storage areas away from high traffic areas and surface waters.
Q  Inspect storage tanks and piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and
    valves) for failures or leaks and  perform preventive maintenance.
FJ  Plainly label all containers.
Q  Handle solvents in designated areas, preferably indoors or under a shed, away from drains,
    ditches, and surface waters.
Q  Identify potentially hazardous materials,  their characteristics, and use.
FJ  Control excessive purchasing, storage, and handling of potentially hazardous  materials.
Q  Maintain an inventory to identify quantity,  receipt date, service life, users, and disposal routes.
FJ  Return toxic material packaging to the supplier for re-use.
FJ  Keep spill kits readily available.
Q  If spills occur: stop the source of the spill immediately; contain the liquid until cleanup is
    complete; cover the spill with absorbent material; keep the area well ventilated; dispose of
    cleanup materials properly; do not use emulsifier or dispersant.
Q  Store containerized materials (fuels, paints, inks, solvents, etc.) in a protected, secure  location
    and away from drains.
FJ  Store reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids in compliance with the local fire code.
Q  Keep waste chemicals segregated to allow for reuse and recycling.
FJ  Secure and carefully monitor hazardous materials to prevent theft, vandalism, and misuse of
    materials.
FJ  Provide drip pads/pans where chemicals  are transferred from one container to another to
    allow for recycling  of spills and  leaks.
Q  Use spigots or funnels to reduce spills.
Q  Use spill troughs for drums with taps.
FJ  Train employees on proper filling and transfer procedures.
Q  Train employees in spill prevention and control and  proper materials management including
    storage, cleanup, and  disposal.
   Aboveground storage
   tanks
Q  If area is uncovered, connect sump outlet to sanitary sewer (if possible) or an oil/water
    separator, catch basin filter, etc. If connecting to a sanitary sewer check with the system
    operator to ensure that the discharge is acceptable. If implementing separator or filter
    technologies ensure that regular inspections and maintenance procedures are in place.
Q  Develop and implement spill plans.
FJ  Train employees in spill  prevention and control.
Above ground tanks
Q  Provide secondary containment, such as dikes, with a height sufficient to contain a spill
    (the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent of the volume
    contained in the largest tank).
FJ  If containment structures have drains, ensure that the drains have valves, and that valves
    are maintained in  the closed position. Institute protocols for checking/testing stormwater in
    containment areas prior to discharge.
FJ  Use double-walled tanks with overflow protection.
Q  Keep liquid transfer nozzles/hoses in secondary containment area.
  EPA-833-F-06-039

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities
  Table 2.  BMPs for Potential Pollutant Sources at Printing and Publishing Facilities (continued)
   Pollutant Source
BMPs
   Aboveground storage
   tanks (continued)
Portable containers/drums
Q  Store drums indoors when possible.
Q  Store drums, including empty or used drums, in secondary containment with a roof or cover
   (including temporary cover such as a tarp that prevents contact with precipitation).
FJ  Provide secondary containment, such as dikes or portable containers, with a height sufficient
   to contain a spill (the greater of 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110 percent
   of the volume contained in the largest tank).
FJ  Install overflow protection devices on tank systems to warn operator or to automatically shut
   down transfer pumps when tanks reach full capacity.
   Vehicle and
   equipment fueling
FJ  Conduct fueling operations (including the transfer of fuel from tank trucks) on an impervious
   or contained pad or under a roof or canopy where possible. Covering should cover extend
   beyond spill containment pad to prevent rain from entering.
Q  When fueling in uncovered area, use concrete pad (not asphalt).
Q  Use drip pans where leaks or spills of fuel can occur and where making and  breaking hose
   connections.
FJ  Use fueling hoses with check valves to prevent hose drainage after filling.
FJ  Keep spill cleanup materials readily available.
FJ  Clean up spills and leaks immediately.
FJ  Minimize/eliminate run-on onto fueling areas with diversion dikes, berms, curbing, surface
   grading or other equivalent measures.
FJ  Collect stormwater runoff and provide treatment or recycling.
FJ  Use dry cleanup methods for fuel area rather than hosing down the fuel area. Sweep up
   absorbents as soon as spilled substances have been absorbed.
Q  Regularly inspect and perform preventive maintenance on storage tanks to detect potential
   leaks before they occur.
Q  Inspect the fueling area for leaks and spills.
Q  Provide curbing or posts around fuel pumps to prevent collisions from vehicles.
Q  Discourage "topping off" of fuel tanks in receiving equipment.
Q  Train personnel on vehicle fueling BMPs.
  What if activities and materials at my facility are not exposed to
  precipitation ?
  The industrial stormwater program requires permit coverage for a number of specified types of
  industrial activities. However, when a facility is able to prevent the exposure of ALL relevant activities
  and materials to precipitation, it may be eligible to claim no exposure and qualify for a waiver from
  permit coverage.
  If you are regulated under the industrial permitting program, you must either obtain permit coverage
  or submit a no exposure certification form, if available. Check with your permitting authority for
  additional information as not every permitting authority program provides no exposure exemptions.
  EPA-833-F-06-039

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INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER FACT SHEET SERIES
Sector X: Printing and Publishing Facilities



Where do I get more information?
For additional information on the industrial stormwater program see
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp.

A list of names and telephone numbers for each EPA Region or state NPDES permitting authority can
be found at www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatercontacts.


References
Information contained in this Fact Sheet was compiled from EPA's past and current Multi-Sector
General Permits and from the following sources:

4  City of Phoenix, Arizona, Street Transportation  Department, Storm Water Management Section.
   2004. Prevent Stormwater Contamination Best Management Practices for: Section X - Printing and
   Publishing Facilities. SIC Codes: 2711-2796.
   http://phoenix.gov/STREETS/printpub.pdf

4  EnviroSense. "Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Printing Industry."

4  EnviroSense. "Fact Sheet Pollution Prevention: Strategies for the Printing Industry."

4  Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center (PPRQ.1997. Commercial Printing Industry:
   Compliance & Pollution Prevention Workbook.
   www.pprc.org/pubs/workbook/print5.pdf

4  U.S. EPA, Office of Compliance. 1995. Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project - Profile of
   the Printing and Publishing Industry. EPA/310-R-95-014.

4  U.S. EPA, Office of Science and Technology. 1999. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban Stormwater
   Best Management Practices. EPA-821-R-99-012
   www.epa.gov/OST/stormwater/

4  U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Management. NPDES Stormwater Multi-Sector General Permit for
   Industrial Activities (MSGP).
   www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/msgp

4  World Bank Group. 1998. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook.
   www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDS_IBank_Servlet?pcont=details&eid=000094946_99040905052283
  EPA-833-F-06-039

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