Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008
Highlights
Region 6's Agriculture Committee is made up
of representatives from various Divisions and
Branches that have a role in environmental man-
agement of the agriculture sector. This annual
report is meant to capture regional highlights and
successes. This report is developed from input
by Agriculture Committee members.
January 2009
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AIR QUALITY.
EPA Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008 Highlights
The National Air Emissions
Monitoring Study
The National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) is being
conducted to update and provide more accurate emissions factors
for confined animal feeding operations. The study will take place at
a number of AFOs (animal feeding operations) in the swine, dairy,
broiler chicken, and egg industries nationwide. EPA Region 6 staff and
personnel from the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality
travelled to Guymon, Oklahoma during September 2008 to accompany
the Office of Air Quality and Planning Standards (OAQPS) on an audit of
a swine farrowing facility for the NAEMS. A walk-through of the facility
was conducted to verify locations of air sampling inlets followed by an
interview to discuss daily data collection operations. OAQPS and ODEQ
may have further discussions on PM10 TEOM (continuous non-filter
based monitoring via Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance)
monitoring maintenance feasibility. OAQPS' primary concern is the
lack of VOC monitoring at all sites audited to date. However, there
were no site-specific shortcomings and OAQPS stated that operation of
this site was better than at the majority of sites audited.
Contact Person: Regina Krystyn, 214-665-7128
CAFO General Permit
Region 6 is currently in the process off developing National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permits for Concen-
trated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in New Mexico and
Oklahoma.
The Region 6 NPDES Permits and TMDL Branch proposed for public
comment the issuance of an NPDES general permit for discharges from
CAFOs in New Mexico on January 20, 2009. This is the first NPDES
permit in the nation to incorporate the 2008 Final CAFO Rule. The Branch
plans to propose the NPDES general permit for discharges from CAFOs
in Oklahoma by March 2009. The proposed permits can be found at
http://www.epa.gov/region6/water/npdes/genpermit/index.htm.
Contact person: Scott Stine, 214-665-7182
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ENFORCEMENT
Real-Time Enforcement
Pilot Project
The Water Resources section has added a new tool to the enforcement tool
box. The new tool termed "Real-time Enforcement" was approved as a pilot
project for use in FY 08.
This tool is designed to instantaneously address obvious problems with
obvious solutions when the problems are identified. The traditional method
of inspect, return to the office, write the inspection report, route the report to
enforcement, enforcement takes action, is becoming a way of the past.
Key aspects of the pilot project are:
Inspections are conducted by senior technical staff, which have
experience as enforcement officers and inspectors, and have extensive
knowledge of the sector being inspected;
• The Inspector/Enforcement Officer must be able to identify violations,
know how to solve the problems and prepare the proper enforcement
order;
• Administrative Orders are prepared in the field, the same day of the
inspection, sent electronically to the program office and to legal for
review, and then they are sent to the Division Director for signature;
• The signed Order is returned electronically (as a pdf) to the
inspector/enforcement officer, the Order is printed out in the field
and delivered to the facility, and reviewed with the facility operator,
if possible; and
• When inspector/enforcement officer returns to the office, the Order
is sent to file, entered into ICIS, and copies are sent to program
and appropriate state agency. Inspection report is written within
30 days and sent to the program, facility and the appropriate state
agency.
Problems that can be addressed include: unauthorized discharges;
improper operation and maintenance; poor record keeping; and
sampling problems. Problems that cannot be addressed include:
complex problems that cannot be clearly identified; complex problems
with no obvious solutions; and problems that take more than 90 to
180 days to resolve.
Original agreements were for the pilot study to include 10 site inspec-
tions, but 11 were actually completed. Of the 11 completed, 5 resulted
in Cease & Desist Administrative Orders (AO) for unauthorized
discharges to waters of the United States; 5 resulted in AO's for permit
violations; and 1 facility had closed operations (nothing issued).
Turn-Around Time from Inspection to Issuing an AO Fluctuated From
Less Than 24 hrs to a Few Days. Benefits of Real-Time Enforcement
Include: timely enforcement actions; immediate correction of identified
problems (identify violations and address them on-the-spot, brainstorm
and suggest solutions and educate); clear communication of outcome of the
inspection to regulated facility (no questions or uncertainty); and improved
protection of human health and the environment.
Contact person: Jeremy Seiger, 214-665-8044
Case Study #1
Inspected on 3/13/08, identi-
fied unauthorized discharge.
Administrative Order issued
on 3/14/08. Verified clean-up
on the 3/17/08.
Case Study #2
The facility was composting mortalities in
rows of poultry manure and runoff from the
site was flowing to an unapproved pond
then overflowing and discharging to a
creek. Following the receipt of the Order,
the facility removed the compost material,
reseeded the area and is currently com-
posting dead animals in a compost barn.
Runoff from mortality compost pile to a
pond and then to a creek. Inspected on
7/7/08, Administrative Order issued on
7/23/08 after receipt of analytical results
(Left) Sample
from Discharge
(Right) Sample
from Water Well
EPA Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008 Highlights
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ENFORCEMENT.
^X.
r? I DiKharge P.lh
Dairy Outreach Program Area (DOPA)
Training in Sulphur Springs, Texas
EPA Region 6 was invited to participate in the annual training of operators of dairy
concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) located in environmentally
sensitive areas in Texas. All CAFO operators in environmentally sensitive areas
of the state, which are known as Dairy Outreach Program Areas (DOPA), are
required to complete an 8-hour training course on best management practices for
animal waste management. The training is organized by the Texas Cooperative
Extension Service, Texas A&M University. The DOPA training for dairy operators
in Hopkins County was held on Tuesday October 28, 2008, at the Southwest
Dairy Center in Sulphur Springs, Texas. One of the issues discussed during
this training is what to expect when EPA inspects a facility. EPA and the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) have recently conducted joint
inspections in Hopkins County in response to citizen complaints.
Technical Contact: Abu Senkayi, 214-665-8403
EPA Region 6 CAFO Inspection
and Enforcement Activities
In 2008, the Region inspected 43 CAFOs in Oklahoma and
New Mexico where EPA Region 6 is the CAFO permitting and
enforcement authority. The Region also conducted/partici-
pated in 7 joint/oversight inspections with Arkansas and Texas
which are delegated states authorized to implement their
CAFO permitting and
enforcement programs.
EPA Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008 Highlights
During one of these joint
inspections, EPA and
state inspectors observed
a discharge of process
wastewater to a water of
the U.S. The inspectors
collected water samples
(WS) along the discharge
route (see Figure 1). The
results (shown in Figure 2) indicate that ammonium nitrogen
(NH4-N) and dissolved phosphorus are initially the major pollutant
species in the discharged wastewater (see photo). Further away
from the discharge point, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) becomes the
major species. Sampling results,
such as shown in Figure 2, are
routinely used to prove discharge
to waters of the U.S. and to support
EPA's enforcement actions against
any CAFOs found to be discharging
pollutants to waters of the U.S.
Contact persons:
Abu Senkayi, 214-665-8403
Jerry Saunders, 214-665-6471
Jeremy Seiger 214-665-8044
Figure 2 - Nutrient Concentration Along the
Discharge Flowpath
4300 6300 8300 10300
Distance from Source (It)
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PESTICIDES
Container-Containment Rule
for Pesticides
The Container-Containment (CC) rule was published in August 2006. The
Container-Containment rule affects the following agricultural entities: retailers,
commercial applicators, custom blenders, refillers and registrants. The
Container rule portion seeks to minimize human exposure during container
handling; facilitate container disposal and recycling; and encourage use of
refillable containers. Under the Container rule, refillers/retailers will have to:
(1) Obtain cleaning procedures, keep records, (2) Clean refillables containers
before filling with pesticide, if cleaning is necessary and (3) the pesticides users
will have to follow rinsing instructions on label. Compliance by August 2011.
The Containment rule seeks to protect the environment from releases at bulk
storage sites; and protect the environment from spills and leaks at refilling &
dispensing operations. Under the containment rule, need to consider 3 things
to determine whether you must comply with the containment regulations: (1) Is
my facility included?, (2) Do I need secondary containment?, and (3) Do I need
a containment pad? Compliance by August 17, 2009.
Technical Contact: Elizabeth Reyes, 214-665-3163
Pesticides Program Bi-annual Meeting
with State Lead Agencies (SLAs)
Pesticides program staff met with our five State Lead Agencies
(SLAs) on October 28th & 29th. The Agriculture Division
Director (Richard Colbert) from the Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance also attended the meeting. Agenda
items of particular interest included Spray Drift Label Language,
Federal Inspection Credentials Renewal, High Visibility State
Enforcement Cases, and Certification & Training Turning
Point Demonstration. Additionally, a site visit to the Lewisville
Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility (operated by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers) was conducted to observe research
into chemical and biological control of invasive aquatic plants,
as well as aquatic habitat restoration techniques.
Technical Contact: David W. McQuiddy and Pesticide Staff, 214-665-6722
Pesticides Program End of Year
Assessments of State Lead Agencies
Pesticide Program staff members conducted an End-of-Year program assessment
with Arkansas State Plant Board (ASPB), Louisiana Department of Agriculture
and Forestry (LDAF), New Mexico Department of Agriculture (NMDA), Oklahoma
Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry (ODAFF), and Texas Department of
Agriculture (TDA) from December 2nd-4th. All aspects of the pesticides program
were reviewed. This included Enforcement, Worker Safety, Certification & Training,
Endangered Species, Container/Containment, Imports, and Water Quality.
Technical Contacts: State Lead Agencies Project Officers (Jerry Oglesby-ASPB,
Jerry Collins-ODAFF, Eugene Thilsted-LDAF & TDA, Greg Weiler-NMDA)
Technical Contact: David W. McQuiddy, 214-665-6722
Lewisville Aquatic
Ecosystem
Research Facility
EPA Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008 Highlights
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PESTICIDES
EPA Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008 Highlights
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship
Program Awards Grants for 2008
The EPA Region 6 Pesticide Program awarded 1 grant related to Agriculture to the
Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry titled: "Reducing Pesticide
Risk Exposure to Commercial Peach and Pecan Orchards, Watermelon Farms and
Plant Nursery Operations with Oklahoma's Pesticide Sensitive Location Viewer, and
Innovative Communication Tool".
Technical Contact: Eugene Thilsted, 214-665-7282
Strategic Agriculture Initiative (SAI)
Program Awards Grants for 2008
^ The Region 6 SAI Program awarded 3 grants during FY2008. These included:
"Hands-on Experience in Integrated Pest Management for Farmers' Market
Growers in Oklahoma and Arkansas" (Principle Investigator-Anita Poole
with Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture); "Integrated Farm Management
Education Program" (Principle Investigator-Dr. C. Allan Jones with Texas
AgriLife Extension Service) and "Development of Web-based Helicoverpazea
(Cotton Bollworm) Pyrethroid Insecticide Resistance Monitoring Database
and Real-Time Information Delivery System (Principle Investigator-Dr. Patricia
Pietrantonio with Texas A&M University AgriLife Experiment Station).
Technical Contact: Eugene Thilsted, 214-665-7282
WATER QUALITY
Improvement of Surface and
Ground Water Quality
Lake Creek, Oklahoma
Lake Creek, in Caddo County, is located in one
of the most intensive agricultural areas of the
state. Education and implementation of best
management practices, including reduced tillage,
integrated pest management, and proper riparian
zone management, have led to decreased
loading of pesticides, nutrients, and sediment to
the creek. As a result, fish communities have
improved enough to allow removal of Lake Creek
from Oklahoma's 303(d) list for unknown toxicity
and pesticides. Further water quality improve-
ments are ongoing in this region as part of the
Fort Cobb Watershed Based Plan.
Lake Creek is a 16 mile long gaining stream fed by shallow ground water that seeps
out continuously along the stream banks. Approximately 92% of the Lake Creek
watershed is used for the production of peanuts, cotton, wheat, alfalfa, and other
small grain and row crops. Excessive and improper fertilization and pesticide use,
coupled with very permeable, sandy, and highly erodible soils and very shallow
ground water (< 40 inches below the soil surface), led to high levels of nutrients
both in the surface water and shallow ground water and unknown toxicity thought
to be related to pesticides. Fish collections at two sites along Lake Creek in 1990
revealed very poor biological conditions relative to area reference streams, with IBI
Lake Creek, shown before BMP implementa-
tion, is in an area of intensive agricultural
land use. It has highly erodible soils and very
shallow groundwater which seeps into the
surface water, carrying high levels of nutrients
and pesticides. Education and demonstration
focused on reducing pesticide and fertilizer
usage, as well as establishing riparian zones
and excluding livestock from the stream, in
order to improve the biological community.
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.WATER QUALITY
(Index of Biological Integrity) scores that resulted in a "not supporting" designation
for the stream. Approximately 12 pesticides were detected in surface water and
streamside seepage samples. Significant levels of the fungicide Botran were
tentatively identified as well. Based on these results, Lake Creek was placed on
the 303(d) list in 1998 as not supporting its fish and wildlife designated use due to
unknown toxicity and pesticide impairment.
An educational effort was directed toward the implementation of a farm
management program for use in areas of shallow ground water where land uses
directly affect ground water and, subsequently, surface water quality. A major
focus of this program was the dissemination of information regarding potential
cost savings for landowners through reduction of fertilizer and other chemical
usage. Both one-on-one meetings and public sessions were held with the intent
of reducing pesticide use by teaching peanut and alfalfa growers integrated pest
management techniques, including proper weed and insect scouting, deter-
mining pest thresholds, and interpreting soil test reports. In addition, producers
were educated on proper fungicide use. Demonstration plots were established
to illustrate best management practices (BMPs) for crop production to reduce
nutrient, pesticide, and sediment loading, and riparian area demonstration
projects exhibited appropriate vegetation management and cattle exclusion
devices. BMPs which were implemented in the Lake Creek watershed from
1995-2002 include reduced tillage planting in peanut fields, riparian zone fencing,
alternative livestock water source construction, grade stabilization structures,
diversion terraces, deferred grazing, rotational grazing, and planting trees and
other vegetation in riparian zones.
Over 200 people attended the various educational presentations.
Over 400 acres of pasture were converted to either deferred or ro-
tational grazing, grade stabilization and diversion terrace structures
were constructed, approximately 20,000 feet of stream exclusion
fencing was erected, and vegetation was planted in critical riparian
areas. As a result of these practices and the accompanying educa-
tion of producers concerning proper pesticide and fungicide use,
the fish community improved significantly.
The median number of species caught in 1998 was 13.5, as
compared to 6 in 1990, and the median number of fish caught
was 637 versus 299 in 1990. The increase in these parameters
improved the IBI scores for Lake Creek to the degree necessary to
fulfill the state biological criteria in support of the Fish and Wildlife
Propagation beneficial use. Additionally, samples of Lake Creek
water and sediment failed to exhibit any toxicity using the same
tests that had demonstrated toxicity in 1990. Based on these
results, Lake Creek was removed from the 303(d) list for unknown
toxicity and pesticides in 2002 and is in partial attainment of its Fish
and Wildlife Propagation designated use.
Lake Creek Fish Bioassessment
24
23
22
I"
go
19
18
17
Fully Supporting
^
*
Undetermined
*
+
Not Supporting
16
1990 1998
Many groups contributed to the success of this project, including
the Oklahoma Conservation Commission, Oklahoma Department
of Agriculture-Forestry Division, West Caddo County Conservation District,
North Caddo Conservation District, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service,
Master Conservancy District, Natural Resource Conservation Service, and
the Caddo County Soil Conservation Service. The crucial educational efforts
were led by the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service and the Oklahoma
Department of Agriculture (now Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food
and Forestry) with the participation of the other agencies. EPA Clean Water Act
319 funds provided $280,441, while the State of Oklahoma supplied $186,961
toward the Lake Creek project.
Contact: Randall Rush, 214-665-7107
Fish bioassessment results from 1990
and 1998. Circles represent the IBI
scores of fish collections at two sites in
Lake Creek; diamonds indicate the av-
erage IBI score of the two sites. The
improvement in these parameters re-
sulted in an average IBI score which
justified delisting (Oklahoma biocriteria
allows pooling of data from multiple sites
when they lie within the same reach).
EPA Region 6
Agriculture
Committee
Highlights
6
2008
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WATER QUALITY.
Potential sources of sediment and nutrients in the Salt Fork
watershed before BMP implementation: fields were often culti-
vated or grazed to the edge of the stream; riparian buffers were
nonexistent or rare.
14
I2
1
I4"
2
0
2002 2004 2006
Assessment Year
14
1°
f-
24
2
0
2002 2004 2006
Assessment Year
EPA Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008 Highlights
Education and Demonstration Efforts
Result in Turbidity Improvements
Sandy and Yellowstone Creeks (Salt Fork Watershed),
Oklahoma
Sandy and Yellowstone Creeks,
both located in the Salt Fork of
the Arkansas River watershed
in North Central Oklahoma (in
Alfalfa and Woods Counties,
respectively), were impaired for
turbidity due in part to practices
associated with crop and cattle
production. Agricultural producer
education and implementation
of best management practices
(BMPs) to promote conser-
vation tillage, proper fertilizer
application, integrated pest
management, and riparian buffer
establishment helped to decrease sediment and nutrients going into both
creeks. As a result, Sandy Creek was removed from Oklahoma's 2004 303(d)
list for turbidity impairment, and Yellowstone Creek has been nominated for
removal from the state's 2006 303(d) list for turbidity.
The Salt Fork is an agriculture-intensive watershed where
wheat and alfalfa are the primary crops. Fields were often
plowed to the edge of streams, and cattle often grazed
at stream edges, both of which contributed to bank
erosion. Consequently, streams in this watershed had
high turbidity problems. Both Sandy Creek, 18mileslong,
and Yellowstone Creek, 22 miles long, were placed on the
1998 303(d) list for not attaining their designated use of Fish
and Wildlife Propagation (FWP) due to turbidity impairment.
Educating agricultural producers was a top priority for
the Salt Fork watershed program. Better management
techniques for sediment, nutrient, and pest control, such
as no-till and reduced till planting, proper fertilizer and
chemical (pesticide, herbicide, fungicide) application, the
use of crop varieties which require fewer chemicals, and
riparian buffer zone establishment, were taught through
multiple channels. Ten BMP demonstration projects
showed producers that BMP implementation need not af-
fect production volumes or their bottom line. Numerous
educational meetings, tours, and field days, in combination
with a website and newsletters also promoted the BMPs.
During the project period, from 1999-2002, conservation
tillage use within the Salt Fork watershed increased by 21%
(to 88% of producers), soil test-based fertilizer application
increased by 29% (to 67% of producers), and 78% of pro-
ducers recognized the benefits of using vegetative buffers
along streams. As a result, turbidity has decreased in the
Salt Fork watershed. In the 2002 assessment, 13% of sea-
sonal base flow water samples from Sandy Creek exceeded
the turbidity criteria; in the 2004 assessment it was reduced
A stream is considered
impaired due to turbidity if
10% or more of the seasonal
base flow water samples
exceed 50 NTUs (based on
five years of data proceeding
the assessment year). The
FWP designation is now
fully attained in both creeks.
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.WATER QUALITY
to 8%, and in 2006, it was further reduced to 4%. Similarly, in 2002 Yellowstone
Creek had a 10% exceedance of turbidity criteria, which by 2006 was down to
only 6% exceedance. Both creeks now meet the requirements of their FWP use
designation. Sandy Creek was removed from Oklahoma's 303(d) list in 2004, and
Yellowstone Creek is expected to be removed from the state's 2006 303(d) list.
EPA Section 319 funds provided $90,000 for the implementation of this project.
The Oklahoma Conservation Commission supplied $60,000, which was used
to subcontract with the Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension to
conduct education and demonstration tasks.
Contact: Randall Rush, 214-665-7107
Demonstration of Reduced Pollutant
Loads, Decreased Streambank Erosion,
and Improved Biological Communities
Peacheater Creek, Illinois River Watershed, Oklahoma
Peacheater Creek, a 10.3 mile long stream in Northeast
Oklahoma, and Tyner Creek, an adjacent stream 15
miles long, are subwatersheds in the larger Illinois River
watershed. BMPs implemented in this project focused on
riparian management and improvement, in addition to
proper animal waste management and education in the
Peacheater Creek watershed. Expected nutrient loading
to Peacheater Creek, where BMPs were implemented
through the 319 program, was significantly reduced as
compared to Tyner Creek, the control watershed
with no project-specific BMP implementation. In
addition, measured streambank erosion was lower and
biological communities showed greater improvement in the
Peacheater watershed relative to the Tyner watershed.
Peacheater and Tyner Creeks are tributaries to the Illinois
River and Lake Tenkiller, waterbodies which have been
impaired by excessive phosphorus, turbidity, and bacteria since at least the early
1990s and have been included on Oklahoma's 303(d) list since 1998. Both
Peacheater and Tyner are impaired by Enterococcus (listed in 2006) and have
been shown to contribute to the impairments present in the larger, receiving water-
bodies. Due to their proximity to each other and their location in the Illinois River
watershed, these two streams were chosen to demonstrate the effectiveness of
BMPs to reduce delivery of nutrients, sediment, and bacteria to the Illinois River
and Lake Tenkiller, using a paired watershed design to assess improvements.
BMPs were implemented through a 319 project in the Peacheater Creek
watershed from 1998 through 2002, and water quality was compared to that of the
Tyner Creek watershed, a similar, adjacent watershed which received no project-
specific BMPs. BMPs installed by 11 landowners in the Peacheater watershed
included establishment of riparian buffers, alternative water supplies for cattle,
construction of heavy use areas for feeding livestock and storing wastes, poultry
litter transport out of the watershed, pasture management, and septic tank instal-
lation or repair. Pre-implementation monitoring in both watersheds occurred
from 1995-1998, with post-implementation monitoring from 2003 to 2005.
The observed and predicted water quality improvements that resulted from
continued..
Peacheater Creek
(treatment) and Tyner
Creek (control) wa-
tersheds. Monitoring
sites and locations of
BMP implementation
are depicted here.
Agriculture
Committee
2008 Highlights
-------
WATER QUALITY.
Peacheater Creek, Illinois River Watershed, Oklahoma continued...
Treatment and Calibration Period Regressions
K 12
•s ±'°
a-S
1 =
I °
E ~" 4
K
. y^
. .^5^^-
^j " -
^j
^r
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Control (Tyner) TP Load (In kg/yr)
* calibration — calibration line • Treatment — treatment line
Treatment and Calibration Period Regressions
£ 14-
St12
<" l£ in
1= 8-
Q. — "
1 §
E 4
Is n
f
* ^t*^**^^ *
^P*-'*
^^^_
*
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Control (Tyner) TN Load (In kg/yr)
* calibration — calibration line • treatment — treatment line
30
25
_
1 -
|o
ii
5
0
)
_. ,
' E
i i
*
•
[i "
d
Pre Post Pre Post
Treatment (post-implementation) versus calibration (pre-implementation) regressionsfortotal phosphorus
(TP) and total nitrogen (TN) loads. The lower values and decreased slopes for the treatment period indicate
improved conditions over what was expected.
implementation of BMPs in the
Peacheater Creek watershed
indicate that practices implemented
at a similar intensity throughout the
larger Illinois River watershed could
provide significant reductions in
loading both to the Illinois River and
to downstream Lake Tenkiller. It is
hoped that further implementation
will allow the Illinois River to achieve
the in-stream phosphorus standard
of 0.037 mg/L (30 day geometric
mean) by 2012.
Funding for the project was a
combination of federal monies from
the EPA 319 program and state
monies. The total cost of this project
was approximately $800,000. This
included $477,000 in federal dollars
from EPA Section 319 and $318,000
in state dollars and cost-share
funds from landowners. This project
demonstrated that, in small agricul-
tural watersheds, significant water
quality improvement is possible with a relatively low investment in implementation
of BMPs. Many different groups participated in the Peacheater Creek project,
including the Oklahoma Conservation Commission, Adair County Conservation
District, Cherokee County Conservation District, Oklahoma Department of
Agriculture, Adair County Extension Service, Oklahoma State University Cooper-
ative Extension Service, NRCS, Farm Services Agency, local producers, poultry
integrators, and animal waste marketers.
Contact: Randall Rush, 214-665-7107
Comparison of pre-implementation and post-implemen-
tation streambank erosion in the Peacheater and Tyner
Creek watersheds. Boxplots indicate the interquartile
range (25th-75th percentile) and median of the data
in the two periods. The Peacheater sites exhibited a
statistically significant reduction in erosional area.
Stream
I't'iichcater
Tyner
Prc-
Ini pic mental ion
n
3
3
Median
89
293
Post-
Implcmcntntion
n
10
9
Median
275
349
Median total number of individuals collected in fish surveys
(over 400 m reaches) during the pre-implementation
versus post-implementation period, "n" represents the
number of fish surveys.
EPA Region 6
Agriculture Committee
2008 Highlights
9
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'*i PRO^
U.S. EPA Region 6
1445 Ross Ave.
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
1-800-887-6063
www.epa.gov/region6
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