United States
          Environmental            Office of Water                EPA 842-B-94-004
          Protection Agency          Washington, DC 20460               August 1994

vvEPA  Protecting Coastal Waters from

          Vessel and Marina Discharges:

          A Guide for State and Local Officials

          Volume I, Establishing No Discharge Areas under §312
          of the Clean Water Act
                                                 Hecycled/Hecyclabte
                                                 PnnWd with SoyJCanda Ink on paper that
                                                 contains at teas! 50% recycled toer

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                        FINAL
PROTECTING COASTAL WATERS FROM VESSEL AND MARINA
 DISCHARGES: A GUIDE FOR STATE AND LOCAL OFFICIALS

          Volume I. Establishing No Discharge Areas
              under §312 of the Clean Water Act
                      Prepared by

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
            Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
                     Washington, DC
                      AUGUST 1994
                     Prepared under

                EPA Contract No. 68-C2-0134
                 Work Assignment No. 1-25

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                            Acknowledgement

This guidance document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
under EPA Contract No. 68-C2-0134 by Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury, MA and
A.T. Kearney, Inc., Alexandria, VA.

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                             Table of Contents

                                                                     Page

         EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	E-l

1.0      INTRODUCTION  	1-1

2.0      BACKGROUND INFORMATION  	2-1
         2.1    Marine Sanitation Device Definitions and Background	2-1
         2.2    Overview of Sanitary Waste Reception Facility Types	2-2
               2.2.1  Pumpout Facilities  	2-2
               2.2.2  Portable Toilet Dump Stations  . .  . .'	2-3
         2.3    Overview of Sewage Discharge and Management Issues	2-4
               2.3.1  Environmental  Concerns	2-4
               2.3.2  Management Issues	2-4
               2.3.3  Cooperation of Publicly Owned Treatment Works  .... 2-5

3.0      OVERVIEW OF KEY FEDERAL STATUTES AND
         REGULATIONS  	3-1
        "3.1    Federal Water  Pollution Control Act of 1956 (Clean Water
               Act)	3-1
               3.1.1  40 CFR Part 140:  EPA Marine Sanitation Device
                     Standards	3-2
               3.1.2  33 CFR Part 159 (Subpart A): U.S. Coast Guard Marine
                     Sanitation Device Regulations  	3-3
         3.2    Clean Vessel Act of 1992  	3-3
               3.2.1  50 CFR Part 85: Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant
                     Program	3-4
               3.2.2  Clean Vessel Act:  Pumpout Station and Dump Station
                     Technical Guidelines	3-4
         3.3    Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA)  and Coastal
               Zone Act Reauthorization Amendment of 1990 (CZARA) .... 3-4

4.0      GUIDELINES FOR NO DISCHARGE AREA APPLICATION
         PROCESS UNDER CWA §312	4-1
         4.1    No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for  §312(f)(3) .... 4-1
               4.1.1  Certification of Need for Greater Environmental
                     Protection	4-5
               4.1.2  Pumpout Facilities Map 	4-9
               4.1.3  Description of Pumpout Facilities in Proposed No
                     Discharge Area 	4-13
               4.1.4  Schedule of Operating Hours of the Pumpout
                     Facilities  	4-17
               4.1.5  Vessel Draught Requirements at Facilities	 4-23
               4.1.6  Waste Treatment Information	 4-27
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance       i                     Table of Contents

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                        Table of Contents (cont'd)
              4.1.7 Vessel Population and Usage Information  	  4-29
              4.1.8 Additional Information	  4-37
              4.1.9 §312(f)(3) Application Information Checklist  	  4-39
              4.1.10 §312(f)(3) Application Process	  4-39
        4.2   No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(A) .  4-39
        4.3   No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(B) .  4-39

5.0     RELATIONSHIP OF CWA §312(f)(3) NO DISCHARGE AREA
        APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS TO OTHER FEDERAL
        PROGRAMS	5-1

6.0     STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE COMPLIANCE IN THE NO
        DISCHARGE AREA	6-1
        6.1   Public Outreach  	6-1
              6.1.1 Public Outreach Campaign versus Public Outreach
                    Product	6-1
              6.1.2 Parts of a Public Outreach Campaign	6-1
        6.2   Enforcement	6-9

APPENDIX A: Overview of Storm Water and  Wetlands Programs 	A-l

APPENDIX B: Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the
              Discharge  of Vessel Sewage	B-l

APPENDIX C: Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage	C-l

APPENDIX D: Sample §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application 	D-l

APPENDIX E: List of Contacts  	E-l

APPENDIX F: Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of
              Vessel Sewage  	F-l
Table of Contents                     ii      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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                               List of Exhibits
Exhibit 1

Exhibit 2


Exhibit 3


Exhibit 4


Exhibit 5

Exhibit 6


Exhibit 7

Exhibit 8
                                                                          Page
Overview of Guidance Document	1-3
Boater Sanitary Waste Reception Facility Requirements
Worksheet	
          4-34
Checklist for Development of No Discharge Area
Application  	4-40

Linkages Between CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
Application Requirements and Elements of Other Programs .  . .   5-4

Relationship of the Parts of a Public Outreach Campaign  ....   6-3

Target Audiences and Potential Messages for a Public Outreach
Campaign on Sewage Discharges from Vessels  	6-5

Summary of Public Outreach Tools by Purpose of Message .  . .   6-6

Examples of Public Outreach Tools Appropriate to Target
Audiences	  6-7
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
                       in
List of Exhibits

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                             Executive Summary
                                     Purpose

As recreational and commercial vessel traffic continues to increase in volume, harmful
discharges  resulting from  the  operation, maintenance,  and protection  of  vessels is
proportionately increasing in importance for water quality issues.  Although individual
discharges from vessels and marinas are relatively small scale, their combined effects can
significantly degrade water quality and marine habitats. Fortunately,  there are methods
readily available to help control these discharges and protect the marine environment.

Protecting Coastal Waters from Vessel and Marina Discharges:  A Guide for State and
Local Officials was developed as a reference tool for individuals interested in learning
about the options available for addressing impacts linked to vessel and marina discharges.
Examples of vessel and marina discharges  likely to enter  adjacent  waters  include:
effluents from vessel repair and maintenance; storm water runoff from marina parking
lots; effluents from vessel fuel docks at marinas;  and vessel sewage.   Most discharges
from vessels and marinas have some harmful effect on the marine environment and are
important to control.  However, all of these discharges cannot be effectively addressed
in one concise document,  so this guidance document focuses on  only one type of
vessel/marina-generated discharge  -- vessel  sewage.  Due to  recent legislation  and
regulations to implement Federally-sponsored programs related to the discharge of vessel
sewage,  this particular  type of discharge was  selected as the focus of  this guidance
document.  This document addresses other types of discharges (e.g., storm water runoff
from marinas)  by  including general information on programs implemented  to support
protection of waters from these discharges.

                                    Audience

This guidance document was designed as a reference tool for  state  and  local officials
interested in protecting waters in their jurisdiction from vessel sewage discharges.  The
application of information provided in this document is not limited to these individuals,
but may also  be helpful to marina owners and operators, Publicly  Owned  Treatment
Works operators, recreational boaters, and other individuals with an interest in this issue
or a desire to learn more about marine sanitation.

                                    Overview

This document begins by providing background information related to marine sanitation
and  vessel sewage and builds to more detailed, specific  guidance  on vessel sewage
control options.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      E-l                     Executive Summary

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                            Executive Summary
                               Overview (cont'd)

The background information on vessel sewage and marine sanitation includes definitions
of basic terminology  (e.g.,  three types of marine  sanitation devices,  five types of
pumpout facilities), an overview of key issues,  and a summary of relevant Federal
statutes and regulations.

The  remainder  of the  guidance  document  provides step-by-step instructions for
individuals who would like to apply for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
approval of an area as  a "No Discharge Area" (vessels  travelling in the area are
prohibited from discharging  both treated and  untreated sewage).   One section of the
guidance document is  dedicated to describing the  Clean Water Act  §312 No Discharge
Area application process  and regulatory requirements.  A sample application is provided
for reference.  Strategies to achieve compliance in  an EPA-approved No Discharge Area
through public outreach and enforcement are also  provided in the guidance document.

There  are several  appendices that provide  supplemental information to the guidance
document.  These appendices are as follows:

   A.    Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs

   B.    Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the Discharge of Vessel
         Sewage

   C.    Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage

   D.    Sample §312(f)(3)  No Discharge  Area Application

   E.    List of Contacts

   F.    Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of Vessel Sewage
Executive Summary                    E-2      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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                         Section 1:  Introduction
     How can a state/local official's jurisdiction  address vessel
                            sewage discharges?
One source of water pollution — sewage released or discharged from recreational and
commercial vessels ~ has been hi the spotlight recently. Although the volume of sewage
discharged  from  vessels is  less than pollution resulting from other  sources  (e.g.,
agricultural runoff,  industrial effluent), the areas where  this type of pollution usually
occurs are particularly vulnerable.  Typically marinas are located in areas  where flushing
occurs at a slow rate, therefore, any pollutants deposited hi the area may remain there
or only be slowly flushed out.  Proper marina design and location can help alleviate some
of the flushing-related problems.   Many shellfish harvesting  beds and recreational
swimming areas are naturally located near marinas or other low-flushing areas.  The
presence of raw sewage hi these and other sensitive  areas  can pose a health threat to the
general  public.   In  addition, the aesthetic value of an area can be damaged with the
presence of sewage.

Section  312 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), and subsequent Environmental Protection
Agency  (EPA) regulations (40 CFR Part 140), provides state and local governments the
opportunity to apply for the approval of a defined area as  a "No Discharge Area." This
Federal  approval allows for complete prohibition of the discharge of treated and untreated
vessel sewage into the waters of an approved No Discharge Area. This approval is one
of the primary tools available  to state and local  governments to  provide additional
protection of waters from vessel sewage discharges.

This document  is designed to provide state and local government personnel, who are
interested hi  protecting  waters within then- jurisdiction from sewage discharged from
recreational  or  commercial vessels, with both basic  and detailed information on the
relevant regulations, key issues, and possible solutions to the problem. In addition to this
background   information,  the  guidance  document  focuses  on  the   procedures  of
implementing No Discharge Area approvals for vessel sewage under CWA  §312. This
document may also  be a useful reference for marina owners and operators.

Although this document focuses on the issue of vessel sewage discharges,  it is recognized
that state and local  officials and other readers may be interested hi marina-generated
discharges unrelated to vessels (e.g., storm water runoff).  Information is  provided hi
Appendix A on two fundamental Federal government-sponsored programs which address
marina-generated discharges.  These programs are the EPA National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System  (NPDES) Storm Water Program and  the EPA/U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Program.

In addition to this introduction, the guidance document has five sections  beginning with
background  information on the issue and leading to  more  detailed, specific guidance
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance       1-1                            Introduction

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needed to apply  for a No Discharge  Area and strategies to achieve compliance in an
approved No Discharge Area.  The organization of this guidance document is centered
around six questions related to the control of recreational and commercial vessel sewage
discharges.  Each of the  six sections of the document provides answers to one of the
questions.  These  questions and their  corresponding section numbers  and  titles are
presented in Exhibit 1.  The content of each section is briefly summarized below.

   •     Section  2:   Background Information.   This  section provides a basic
         foundation of knowledge on marine sanitation devices, sanitary waste reception
         facilities  (i.e., pumpout facilities, portable toilet dump stations), and issues
         related to vessel sewage discharge and management which are relevant to the
         remainder of the guidance document.

   •     Section 3:  Overview of Key Federal Statutes and Regulations.  The four
         Federal laws most  relevant to  this issue, and the  related  regulations, are
         summarized in this section.  These laws are the Federal  Water  Pollution
         Control Act of 1956 (also referred to as the Clean Water  Act), the Clean
         Vessel Act of 1992, and the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 and the
         Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendment of 1990.

   •     Section 4:  Guidelines for No Discharge Area Application Process under
         CWA  §312.  For governments that plan on proposing an area to EPA for No
         Discharge  Area approval under CWA  §312(f)(3),  §312(f)(4)(A),  or
         §312(i)(4)(B), this section provides step-by-step instructions on how to prepare
         and submit the  application.

   •     Section 5:  Relationship of CWA §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application
         Requirements  to Other Federal Programs.   For governments  mat have
         already developed a Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program or applied
         for a grant under the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program, this section
         correlates elements of these programs with the  CWA §312(f)(3) No Discharge
         Area application requirements.

   •     Section 6: Strategies to Achieve Compliance in the No Discharge Area.
         This section provides guidance on public outreach and enforcement after EPA
         approves a No  Discharge Area application.

Six appendices at the end of the document provide additional reference material:

   •     Appendix  A:   Overview of  Storm  Water and Wetlands Programs.
         Information on two programs that address marina-generated discharges that are
         not related to vessels is provided in this appendix.  These programs are the
         EPA NPDES  Storm Water  Program and the EPA/U.S.  Army  Corps  of
         Engineers Wetlands Program.
 Introduction                           1-2       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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                                                                       Exhibit 1
Overview  Of Guidance  Document
           How can a state/local official's
          jurisdiction address vessel sewage
                   discharges?
             What are the key issues and
           basic terminology related to the
             discharge of vessel sewage?
          What are the key Federal laws and
               regulations related to
              vessel sewage discharge?
            What information needs to be
            provided in a CWA §312 No
            Discharge Area application?
           Clean Vessel Act Pumpout
           	Grant Program
         How can information develof
          for these programs be used to
           apply for approval of a CWA
          §312(1X3) No Discharge Area?,
           Coastal Nonpoint Pollution
               Control Program
             What steps can be taken to
            achieve compliance hi the No
          Discharge Area after approval by
                      EPA?
                  Section 1
                                                          Introduction
                  Section 2
                 Background
                 Information
                  Section 3
               Overview of Key
              Federal Statutes and
                 Regulations
                  Section 4
              Guidelines for No
               Discharge Area
              Application Process
              under CWA §312
                  Section 5
             Relationship of CWA
            §312(f)(3) No Discharge
               Area Application
             Requirements to Other
               Federal Programs
                  Section 6
              Strategies to Achieve
             Compliance hi the No
                Discharge Area
      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
1-3
Introduction

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  •      Appendix B:  Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the
         Discharge of Vessel Sewage.  Appendk B provides a summary of the key
         financial, technical, and policy programs and related tools, sponsored by the
         U.S.  Federal  government,  which provide  support to  organizations  and
         governments on the subject of vessel sewage discharges.

  •      Appendix C:  Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage.  Several
         Federal regulations are referenced throughout the guidance document. Copies
         of the following key relevant Federal regulations are provided for the guidance
         document user.

                40  CFR Part  140:    EPA  Marine  Sanitation Device Standard
                Regulations
                33 CFR Part 159 (Subpart A):  U.S. Coast Guard Marine Sanitation
                Device Regulations
                50 CFR Part 85:  Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program (Federal
                Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10,  1994, pp. 11204-11209)
                Clean Vessel  Act:   Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical
                Guidelines (Federal Register.  Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10, 1994, pp.
                11290-11306)

  •      Appendix D: Sample §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application. As a tool
         for  the guidance  document  user,   this   appendk  provides  a complete
         hypothetical  sample application for approval  of an area as  a No Discharge
         Area under CWA §312(f)(3). Each part of this sample application is presented
         and discussed separately throughout Section 4 (Guidelines for No Discharge
         Area Application Process under CWA §312).

  •      Appendix £: List of Contacts. A list of contacts by contact category (e.g.,
         Federal) is provided in Appendk E.  The list can be used to obtain additional
         information on Federal programs of interest in Appendix B as well as other
         programs implemented at a state or local level.

  •      Appendix F:  Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of
         Vessel Sewage.  An annotated list  of references has been compiled on
         documents related to  the  issue  of  sewage discharge  from  vessels.   The
         guidance document user will find the list to be a useful  tool  when additional,
         in-depth information  is desired on a specific topic.  A key word  guide  is
         available near the front of the appendk to provide easy access to information.
Introduction                           1-4      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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                 Section 2:  Background Information
   What are the key issues and basic terminology related to the
                       discharge of vessel sewage?
There is some basic terminology related to sanitary waste from vessels which would be
helpful to learn or review before proceeding.  The following sections provide regulatory
background and definitions relevant to marine sanitation devices, describe the different
types of marine sanitary waste reception facilities, and provide an overview of sewage
discharge and management issues.  Terminology highlighted hi a box provides detailed
definitions or other basic information pertaining to the section, but can usually be skipped
or quickly reviewed by those with a general knowledge of the subject.

For supplemental information on topics related to the discharge of sanitary waste from
vessels, an annotated list of references, including  a key word guide,  is provided in
Appendix F.

2.1      Marine Sanitation Device Definitions  and Background

Under  Section  312  of the Clean Water Act  (CWA),  a marine  sanitation device,
commonly referred to  as a MSD, "includes any equipment for installation on board a
vessel which is designed to receive, retain, treat, or discharge sewage, and any process
to treat such sewage."  A MSD is  a permanently installed device  connected to the
vessel's marine  head, or toilet.

Two U.S.  Federal government agencies, the EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard, have been
given authority through CWA §312 to regulate  MSDs.  EPA is responsible  for
establishing standards of performance  (effluent levels) for vessel MSDs (see 40 CFR Part
140).  The U.S. Coast Guard is responsible for providing MSD certification, design,
construction, and testing regulations consistent with these EPA standards (see  33 CFR
Part 159).  Section 3 of this guidance document provides a detailed discussion  of the
CWA and the MSD regulations.

There are  three types of MSDs (I, II, and III) used to meet different needs and effluent
level requirements.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      2-1                Background Information

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                                  MSD Types
   Type I    This MSD is a flow-through type where the sewage is filtered through an on-board
   (Vessel    treatment system and then directly discharged.  The Type I MSD is required to
   size =     produce an effluent having a fecal coliform bacteria count not greater than 1,000
   <65ft.)   per  100 milliliters and  no  visible  floating  solids.   Type I  devices rely  on
             maceration and disinfection for treatment of the sanitary waste prior to discharge
             into the water.
   Type EL    This MSD is a larger flow-through type device.  The Type II MSD is required to
   (Vessel    produce an effluent having a fecal coliform bacteria count not greater than 200 per
   size =    100 milliliters and suspended solids not greater than 150 milligrams per liter. The
   >65 ft.)    Type II device is similar to the Type I; however, the Type II provides an advanced
             form of the same type of treatment: and discharges wastes with lower fecal coliform
             and suspended solids counts.
  Type HI   This MSD is designed to prevent the overboard discharge of treated or untreated
    (All      sewage.  Type III MSDs are commonly called holding tanks because the sewage
   vessel     flushed from the marine head is deposited into a tank containing deodorizers and
   sizes)     other non-treatment chemicals.   The contents of the holding tank are stored until
             the boater can properly dispose of them at a shoreside pumpout facility.  Type III
             MSDs can be equipped with a discharge  option,  usually called a Y-valve, which
             allows the boater to direct the sewage from the head either into the holding tank or
             directly overboard (which is legal only outside the U.S. navigable waters, or 3 or
             more miles from shore).
As of January 30, 1980, a vessel must be equipped with one of the three MSD types if
the vessel has an installed toilet.  Since portable toilets can be moved on and off a vessel,
they are not considered installed toilets, therefore, they are not subject to the  MSD
regulations.  Vessels over 65 feet hi length are required to equip all installed toilets with
a Type H or Type IH MSD.

2.2       Overview of Sanitary Waste Reception Facility Types

For vessels that are not equipped with Type I or Type II MSDs, there are several types
of reception facilities designed  to receive  sanitary  waste generated  on vessels.  For
boaters who use Type III MSDs, or holding tanks, shoreside pumpout stations empty the
holding tank and dispose of the sewage.  Portable toilets can also be emptied at some
pumpout  stations,  but  it is becoming  more  common to have a separate,  designated
facility, called a dump station, for dumping the contents of portable toilets.

2.2.1     Pumpout Faculties

For vessels using Type in MSDs, shoreside facilities need to be available to periodically
empty, or pump out, the holding tank contents. There are four general types of pumpout
facility systems:  stationary; mobile;  portable; and remote operated multi-station. These
pumpout systems use one of five types  of pumps to collect  sewage from vessel holding
tanks: centrifugal, reciprocating, vacuum, flexible vein impeller, and progressive cavity.
Background Information
2-2
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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Stationary Pumpout System

The most common type of pumpout system is positioned at a centralized stationary
location (i.e., pier, dock, or bulkhead) in a port or marina. This type of pumpout facility
has one or more hoses available for pumping out holding tanks.  Vessels temporarily
dock, attach a flexible hose to the vessel's holding tank deck fitting, and the pump
empties the holding tank contents into an onshore holding tank, a truck equipped with a
holding tank, or a wastewater collection and treatment system (either public or private).
This type of pumpout facility is also referred to as a marina-wide system because  it
services the entire marina from one location, so each vessel must come to the dock to
use the pumpout.

Mobile Pumpout System

A mobile pumpout system is similar  to the stationary pumpout system, however, the
equipment is situated on a  vessel instead  of onshore.  This type of system  is more
adaptable than the  shoreside stationary system  because  the  pumpout can  relocate to
wherever a vessel  is moored,  docked,  or  anchored  and, therefore, can usually
accommodate vessels with deeper draughts than shoreside facilities. The sewage pumped
out of vessels  is stored in a large holding tank which is then emptied into a stationary
pumpout system or directly into an onshore wastewater collection and treatment system.

Portable Pumpout System

The portable pumpout system is typically a cart, or other movable object, equipped with
a pump mechanism and a small holding tank.  The  entire system is moved around the
dock or marina to service vessels docked at any location.  The contents of the system's
holding tank are  discharged periodically into a larger holding  tank or to an on-site
wastewater collection and treatment system.  This collection system usually requires more
operation and maintenance attention than the other collection systems.

Remote Operated Multi-Station System                                                                jj
                                                                                                    c
The remote operated multi-station  system,  also  known as a slipside system,  has                   \
permanently-installed pumpout hoses that connect to each vessel slip in the  marina.   It                   c
is a less common collection  system primarily because of the greater cost of design and                   *
installation.  This type of system provides continuous wastewater collection on demand,                    £
therefore, it is useful in areas with a high percentage of live-aboards.  The  wastewater                   t
collected through each hose  is fed into a central holding tank for disposal.

2.2.2    Portable Toilet Dump Stations

Many smaller  vessels are not equipped with installed toilets,  therefore, if they provide                 ,  '".
on-board sanitary facilities, they use portable toilets.  Some marinas use a designated stall
in the public restrooms  as a dump station for portable toilets.  This approach is not
recommended, as it can be very unsanitary and hazardous.   The best alternative is the
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance       2-3                Background Information

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installation of a portable toilet dump station which is designed to provide a sanitary
receiving unit for dumping the contents of the portable toilet and for rinsing it out.

2.3     Overview of Sewage Discharge and Management Issues

The discharge of sewage from vessels is  considered to  be a type of nonpoint source
pollution.   Point sources of pollution include water pollutants that originate from a
specific location (e.g., outlet pipe from an industrial facility into a river).  Conversely,
types of nonpoint source pollution originate from an undefined location (e.g., streambank
and shoreline erosion).   The following sections discuss the  environmental concerns,
management issues, and vessel sewage treatment issues related to the nonpoint pollution
source of vessel sewage.

2.3.1     Environmental Concerns

The discharge  of raw  and partially treated  sewage poses  a serious threat to the
surrounding environment. The introduction of microbial  pathogens, one of the harmful
elements of sewage, into the environment  can cause a significant degradation  of water
quality. The  degree to which the environment is affected depends on the characteristics
of the waterbody polluted by the sewage.  Low flushing  areas (e.g., bays with a small
outlet/inlet) are more susceptible to the effects of discharged sewage than those areas that
have greater hydrologic flushing activity (e.g., oceans).

This degradation of water quality has its effects on the marine habitat and  recreational
and tourism  activities in the contaminated  area.   The  presence of sewage  in water
increases biological oxygen demand (BOD) which then affects the produption, growth,
and sanitation of fish and shellfish. The presence of sewage can also close beaches and
swimming areas as a measure to protect the public's health. Even perceptions  of waste
problems caused by infrequent closures can result in a reduction hi the usefulness  of a
beach to recreational users.

Not only is the presence of raw sewage hi water potentially harmful, but treated sanitary
waste can also be detrimental to the environment.  The sewage discharged by MSDs is
treated with chlorine, quaternary ammonia, and formaldehyde, which can all pose threats
to the marine environment, especially if present hi substantial, concentrated amounts.

2.3.2     Management Issues

Besides the environmental issues related to  the discharge of  vessel sewage, there are
several considerations for management of proper sewage disposal.  These issues include:

   •     Effective education of the boater, marina owner/operator, and Publicly Owned
         Treatment Works  operator of proper disposal practices  for vessel sewage;

   •     Practical and effective discharge enforcement techniques;  and
Background Information                2-4      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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   •     Appropriate methods of disposal for boater sanitary waste after collection at
         the pumpout facility or dump station.

Section 6 (Strategies  to Achieve Compliance hi the No Discharge Area) discusses  the
issues related to public education and enforcement.

2.3.3    Cooperation of Publicly Owned Treatment Works

Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are sometimes reluctant to accept sanitary
waste that  has been  collected from vessels because they think that the  disinfecting
chemicals  and deodorizers used hi MSDs harm the  biological  processes  used at  the
POTWs.  There have been several studies (see Appendix F) that address this issue and
suggest that this  reluctance is unfounded. The other potential problem with POTWs
treating vessel sewage is the high concentration of sewage  to water in comparison to
normal household sewage.  POTWs on the Great Lakes have accepted vessel sewage for
more than 20 years without any treatment or operation problems.  Any obstacles related
to  vessel  sewage  acceptance  by POTWs can generally  be overcome  by  making
arrangements between the waterfront facilities offering pumpout and dump services and
the POTW.  The state can assist marinas facing this challenge by drafting a letter to the
POTW written on behalf of the marina that states the POTW should accept vessel sewage
from the marina's pumpout facility and/or dump station.
 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      2-5                Background Information
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   Section 3:  Overview of Key Federal Statutes and Regulations
     What are the key Federal laws and regulations related to
                        vessel sewage  discharge?
There are three key Federal laws which relate to the discharge of sewage from vessels
into waterways. These statutes, including their subsequent amendments, are:

   •     Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 (also  referred to as the Clean
         Water Act);
   •     Clean Vessel Act of 1992; and
   •     Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) and  Coastal Zone Act
         Reauthorization Amendment of 1990 (CZARA).

These laws and the relevant regulations  are described in the  following  sections.  See
Appendix C for copies of the relevant regulations.

3.1      Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956
         (Clean Water Act)

Section  312 (33  U.S.C.  1322)  of the  Clean Water Act (CWA), entitled  "Marine
Sanitation Devices," provides the Federal laws pertaining to MSDs. Among other things,
CWA §312:

   •     Identifies which new and existing vessels are expected to comply with the law
         and when compliance is mandatory.

   •     Allows states to  "adopt and enforce a  statute or regulation with respect to
         design, manufacture, or installation or use of any marine sanitation device on
         a houseboat, if such  statute  or regulation is more  stringent than"  those
         standards established under the Act.

   •     Provides an opportunity for states to apply for a complete prohibition of vessel
         sewage discharge, treated and untreated, in some or all of the state's waters
         (CWA §312 otherwise generally provides that states may not regulate MSDs).

   •     Establishes fines for non-compliance (individuals who operate a vessel with an
         installed toilet,  which is  not  connected  to a certified MSD on the U.S.
         navigable waters, are subject to a civil  penalty of not more than $2,000 for
         each violation).

The U.S. Coast Guard (or any other Federal or state government entity under agreement
with the U.S. Coast Guard) is responsible for enforcing the provisions of CWA  §312.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      3-1        Federal Statutes and Regulations

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CWA §312 designates the EPA with responsibility for developing effluent performance
standards  for MSDs.  The  Act also designates the U.S. Coast Guard as the agency
responsible  for providing  MSD design,  construction, installation,  and  operation
regulations,  and for certifying and enforcing compliance of the MSDs with the EPA
regulations.

CWA §312  also provides states with the opportunity to apply to EPA for a complete
prohibition of vessel sewage (treated and untreated) in all or some  of a state's waters.
The area designated for no  discharge, if approved by EPA, is called a No Discharge
Area.  There are three parts of CWA §312 that are related to the establishment of No
Discharge Areas.

   §312(f)(3).   After the  effective  date of  the  initial standards  and regulations
   promulgated under this  section, if any State determines that the protection and
   enhancement of the quality of some or all of the waters within such States require
   greater environmental protection, such State may completely prohibit the discharge
   from all vessels  of any sewage, whether treated or not, into  such waters, except
   that no such prohibition shall apply until the Administrator determines that adequate
   facilities for the safe and sanitary removal and treatment of sewage from all vessels
   are  reasonably available  for such water to which such prohibition would apply.
   Upon application of the  State, the  Administrator shall make such determination
   within 90 days of the date of such application.

   §312(f)(4)(A). If the Administrator determines upon application by a State that the
   protection and enhancement of the quality of specified  waters within such  State
   require such a prohibition, he shall by regulation completely prohibit the discharge
   from a vessel of any sewage (whether treated or not) into such waters.

   §312(f)(4)(B). Upon application by a State, the Administrator shall, by regulation,
   establish a drinking water intake zone in any waters within such State and prohibit
   the discharge of sewage from  vessels within that zone.

Most states  have  designated  and  gamed  approval of No  Discharge Areas under
§312(f)(3).  This method requires the state to demonstrate a need for the discharge
prohibition and the existence of adequate sanitary waste reception facilities.  The other
two methods under CWA §312  typically have fewer conditions to meet  because the
proposed No  Discharge  Area  is an area of  particular  environmental  importance
[§312(f)(4)(A)] or is a proposed drinking water intake zone [§312(f)(4)(B)]. The relevant
regulations promulgated under CWA §312 are described hi the following section.

3.1.1     40 CFR Part 140:  EPA Marine Sanitation Device Standards

CWA  §312 authorizes the  EPA to develop regulations  on the standard of performance
for MSDs (see 40 CFR Part 140). The standard only applies to vessels equipped with
installed toilets.  The first part of the standard applies to vessels  traveling  on waters
which are land-locked and do not have interstate traffic. MSDs on these vessels must
Federal Statutes and Regulations         3-2      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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be designed and operated so that no discharge of sewage, either treated or untreated,
occurs.  The second part of the standard pertains to all other waters and provides specific
effluent levels MSDs must meet.

As  provided for in CWA  §312,  the  EPA regulations  also provide  states with the
opportunity  to apply for a  No Discharge  Area, or a complete prohibition of vessel
sewage  (treated  and untreated) in all or some of a state's waters.  There are  seven
application and information requirements given hi 40 CFR §140.4(a) of the regulation.
The information required includes:

  (1)    A certification that the protection and enhancement of the waters described
         hi the petition require greater environmental protection than the applicable
         Federal standard;
  (2)    A map showing the location  of commercial  and recreational pumpout
         facilities;
  (3)    A description of the location of pumpout facilities within waters designated
         for no discharge;
  (4)    The general schedule of operating hours of the pumpout facilities;
  (5)    The draught requirements on  vessels that  may be  excluded because of
         insufficient water depth adjacent to the facility;
  (6)    Information indicating that treatment of wastes from such pumpout facilities
         is in conformance with Federal law;  and
  (7)    Information on vessel population and vessel usage of the subject waters.

Another section of the regulation, 40 CFR §140.4(b), states that these requirements may
not  need to be met, contingent on approval of an application  by EPA under  CWA
§312(f)(4)(A) and (B), if the waters proposed for a No Discharge Area are of particular
environmental importance (e.g., Boundary Waters Canoe Area),  or if a state wishes to
establish a drinking water intake zone.

3.1.2    33 CFR  Part 159 (Subpart A):  U.S. Coast Guard Marine Sanitation
         Device Regulations

CWA  §312 directs the U.S.  Coast Guard to develop regulations  on certification
procedures,  design, construction,  installation,  operation,  maintenance, and testing of
MSDs.  In addition, the regulations provide MSD requirements for vessel manufacturers
and operators, including the requirement  that all installed toilets must be equipped with
a MSD. The regulations also provide definitions and effluent levels for Type I, II, and
III MSDs.

3.2     Clean Vessel Act of 1992

The Clean Vessel Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-587, Subtitle F) provides funding to states for
the  "construction,  renovation, operation,  and maintenance" of  additional pumpout
facilities and sanitary waste  reception facilities at marinas and other vessel facilities.
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The Act authorizes the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to award grants,
on a competitive basis, to states  for the construction of new  facilities,  renovation,
operation,  and  maintenance  of  existing   facilities,  and  implementation  of  an
education/information program.  Coastal states may also receive grants for conducting
surveys of the status of existing facilities and the need for  additional facilities.

3.2.1     50 CFR Part 85: Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant  Program

Under authority of Section 5604 of the Clean Vessel Act, this interim rule specifies the
requirements for participation in the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program.  The
rule covers information collection,  record keeping, and reporting  requirements, eligible
grant activities,  grant  application  procedures,  grant  proposal  guidelines, the grant
selection  criteria and processes, and conditions on the use and acceptance of funds
granted (e.g., fee charges for use of facilities, maintenance of facilities).

3.2.2     Clean  Vessel Act:   Pumpout Station and   Dump  Station  Technical
         Guidelines

Under  authority  of Section 5605 of the Clean  Vessel Act, technical guidelines were
issued to provide states with technical information for evaluating the adequacy, type, and
location of pumpout stations and dump stations, surveying and developing plans for
pumpout  stations and dump stations, developing education and information plans, and
constructing pumpout stations and dump stations.

3.3      Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) and Coastal
         Zone Act Reauthorization Amendment of 1990 (CZARA)

The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) was enacted to protect the coastal
zone of the United States.  CZMA's significant  amendment in 1990, referred to as the
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization  Amendment (CZARA),  strengthened provisions for
protecting coastal waters though expanded control of nonpoint source pollution. CZARA
requires each state that  has an approved coastal  zone management plan to develop and
submit a Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program to help control nonpoint pollution
along the U.S. coastline.

After  enactment  of  CZARA,  EPA and the  National   Oceanic  and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) developed guidance for development of the Coastal Nonpoint
Pollution Control Programs, as well as guidance for the development of best management
measures and practices for marinas and other nonpoint pollution sources.  This guidance
includes management measures  and related  practices  for sewage facilities  (pumpout
facilities, dump stations, and shoreside restrooms).
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Section 4:  Guidelines for No Discharge Area Application Process
                              under CWA §312
               What information  needs to be provided in
             a CWA §312 No Discharge  Area application?
The best tool  that a state or local government can use for protection of waters from
recreational and commercial vessel sewage discharges is designation of an area as a No
Discharge  Area.   Vessels  traveling  in a No Discharge  Area  are  prohibited from
discharging both  treated and untreated  sewage from vessels.   As noted in Section 3
(Overview of Key  Federal  Statutes and Regulations),  the requirements for applying
to EPA for approval of  a  No  Discharge Area under CWA §312  are provided in
40 CFR Part 140.  Section 4 provides guidance on the three methods available under
CWA  §312 [(f)(3), (f)(4)(A), and (f)(4)(B)]  for a state to designate  an area as a No
Discharge Area.1

Each section below focuses  on one of these three methods  and provides a step-by-step
process for fulfilling the regulatory application requirements and supplying supplemental
information on the proposed area which would be helpful for the EPA reviewers to make
an  informed and balanced  decision.   Section  4.1  describes the No  Discharge Area
application guidelines for CWA §312(f)(3).  Section 4.2 provides guidelines for a No
Discharge Area application  under CWA §312(f)(4)(A).  Section 4.3 describes  the No
Discharge Area application guidelines for CWA §312(f)(4)(B).

4.1      No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(3)

The sections below discuss the requirements that need to be fulfilled hi an application for
No Discharge Area approval under Clean Water Act (CWA) §312(f)(3). An expanded
interpretation  of  these requirements is presented to help the guidance document user
enhance the application submitted for EPA approval.  There are eight sections within
these guidelines.   Each  of the  first seven  sections is related to one of the seven
requirements from the EPA MSD regulations (40 CFR §140.4(a)(l)-(7), respectively; see
Section 3.1.1).  In the  first part  of each regulatory requirement section, the essential
information that  is  specifically stated hi the  regulation and should be included hi the
application to fulfill the requirement is discussed. In the second part of each requirement
section and in the eighth section, optional  information and  data are  suggested for
inclusion in the application.
   See Section 3.1 for a complete description of the three methods under CWA §312 by which a state may
   prohibit vessel sewage discharge in a specified area.  The method under CWA §312(f)(3) is the most
   common one used by states. It requires the state to demonstrate a need for the discharge prohibition
   and the existence of adequate sanitary waste reception facilities.  The other two methods under CWA
   §312(f) [(4)(A) and  (4)(B)] typically have fewer conditions to meet because the proposed No Discharge
   Area is an area of particular environmental importance or is a proposed drinking water intake zone.
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                                    Sample Application
                                       Table of Contents

   1.0     GREATER PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT CERTIFICATION	  1

   2.0     FACILITY INFORMATION  	2
           2.1      Map of Sanitary Waste Reception Facilities	2
           2.2      Description of Facility Locations and Types	4
           2.3      Facility Operation and Maintenance	6
                   2.3.1    Facility Accessibility	7
                   2.3.2    Facility Maintenance Plans	7
                   2.3.3    Completion of Proposed Facilities  	8
           2.4      Facility Draught Requirements	9
           2.5      Facility Waste Treatment Methods	10

   3.0     VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA	 11

   4.0     OTHER INFORMATION	13
           4.1      Enforcement Plan  	13
           4.2      Local Discharge Ordinances  	13
           4.3      Public Education/Information Plan  	14
           4.4      Existing Point Source Pollution  	14


                                            Exhibits

   Map 1:  Bayside Channel Area	3
                                            Tables

   Table 1: Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per 100ml)  	1
   Table 2: Waste Reception Facility Locations by Type	5
   Table 3: Facility Operation Information	6
   Table 4: Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities	9
   Table 5: Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge Area 	11
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To expedite preparation of the application, suggestions are provided in each section of
the  guidelines on  where to locate the information, how to interpret the  information
collected, and how to effectively present it.

A complete sample application is provided in Appendix D.  In the  following sections
which describe each regulatory requirement for the application, the relevant part of the
sample application is provided on the opposite page of the discussion.  Reference codes,
set apart hi bold and brackets (e.g., [la]), are used to help the guidance document user
match the application guideline's text to the relevant part of the sample application.  The
number in the reference code refers to the section in which the sample is explained (e.g.,
a paragraph coded with [3b] is the second sample element explained in Section 4.1.3).

In general, the application should be clearly typed, include a table of contents and page
numbers, and,  when possible, provide  sources  for  data and  information.   Any
supplemental information included hi the application (e.g., copy of local ordinances) that
is more than two pages hi length should be attached to the back of the application as an
appendix.

The  format shown hi the sample application is presented  only  as a suggestion to  the
applicant.  The applicant can put the  application hi any format which best suits  the
situation; however,  use  of section  headings  and  organization consistent with  those
presented hi the sample application will help expedite the EPA review. The facing page
provides the Table of Contents for the sample application.

It is recommended that the guidance document user read through the following discussion
on essential and optional information for each regulatory  application requirement and
examine the sample application as it  appears within the discussion of each requirement.
The  applicant will then have a clearer understanding  of why the essential and optional
information segments  are  important to the EPA  before approving an  area as  a  No
Discharge Area. A checklist is provided at the end of Section 4.1 which summarizes the
essential and  optional information  segments and  can be  used  by the  applicant as a
planning and tracking tool  (see Exhibit 3).
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                                      Sample Application
   Ma]
1.0    Greater Protection and Enhancement Certification

The Bayside Channel area is located just to the north of the City of Bayside.  It is approximately
25 miles long and varies in width from 5 to 10 miles.  Bayside Channel and its tributaries. Long
River, Surf Bay, Tidal Bay, and Island Bay, discharge to the Atlantic Ocean.

The surface waters associated with the  Bayside Channel  and its tributaries are important
economic  and recreational resources. Specifically, the Channel and associated tributaries are
used in shellfish propagation or harvesting. Shellfish harvesting accounts for 200 total full-time
jobs during the spring and summer months (State Sea Grant Study).  In addition,  the Bayside
Channel includes approximately 1,000 acres of public and private beaches which  are used for
recreational activities that account  for 35,000  visitor-days during the spring and summer
months (State Comprehensive  Outdoor Recreation Plan).

Over the past 10 years, recreational boating in the  Channel has significantly increased. As
indicated in Table 1, fecal coliform levels in the Bayside Channel  have increased during the
summer months when recreational vessels are on the Channel in great numbers. Based on the
increasing trends, it can be assumed that discharges from recreational vessels are impacting
the water quality. Due to these conditions,  the surface waters are currently patrolled  during
the summer months to control discharges of sanitary wastes from recreational vessels. Since
1987, several beaches and over 1,500 acres of shellfish harvesting areas have been closed due
to high levels of fecal  coliform in the surface water.  Therefore, greater protection  of the
surface water is required than the applicable  Federal  standards to protect the degrading water
quality and stop the decline in the local economy which has  been impacted by beach and
shellfish harvesting closures.

                                       Table  1

                    Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per 100ml)
Monitoring Site
Island Bay Dock
Long River
Tidal Bay Marina
Surf Bay Marina
3/91
1.1
0.8
0.4
1.0
6/91
8.6
3.2
1.2
4.0
8/91
8.4
4.2
3.2
4.4
4/92
N/A
0.6
N/A
0.5
6/92
6.4
5.1
4.0
3.2
8/92
6.7
4.8
3.2
4.2
            Source:  "Ocean State 305(b) Water Quality Assessment Report," Ocean State Environmental
                    Protection Agency, Division of Water, 1993, pp.  211-215.

            For the  protection and enhancement of  waters used by  the  general public  (for various
            commercial and recreational marine activities), shellfish resources, and other marine life and
            habitat,  it  is respectfully requested that a No Discharge  Area be approved for the coastal
            waters in the City of Bayside in Ocean County.  This  request is  made in accordance with
            40 CFR  §140.4(a).
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4.1.1     Certification of Need for Greater Environmental Protection
      No Discharge Area Application Requirement #1 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(l)):

    "A certification that the protection and enhancement of the waters described in
              the petition require greater environmental protection than
                         the applicable Federal standard."
Essential Information

   •      Certification of necessity for greater environmental protection

The application should begin with a brief overview of the proposed No Discharge Area,
which is  the subject of the application.  The overview  should  present a compelling
argument that the proposed area is in need of greater environmental protection than the
current applicable Federal standards provide.  As part of this certification, a rationale
should be provided which indicates the justification for the No Discharge Area approval.
For example, the  proposed area may be  affected by vessel sewage which has  caused
beaches to close. Beach closures may substantially reduce tourism and thus, impact the
local economy.

An example of this  section of the application can be found on the opposite page.
Section 1.0  of the sample application contains  an example of the certification required
under the regulations.  Specifically, paragraphs [la] and  [Id] provide examples of the
introduction and required certification statements.  Paragraph [Ib] provides a type of
rationale that supports the request for a No Discharge Area.

Optional Information

It  is suggested that the applicant add some or all of the following information to the
certification described above:

   •      Description of specific resources
   •      Water quality data, such as fecal coliform counts

In  addition  to  providing the  certification  of necessity for greater  environmental
protection, it is helpful to strengthen the  justification with supporting information and
data.   Information which identifies the affected resources is helpful  in supporting the
rationale for certification.  Examples of affected resources include shellfish harvesting
areas,  fish  spawning areas,  and beaches.  Once the resources  have been identified,
indicate  how these  resources  are  being detrimentally  affected  (e.g.,  shellfish  area
closings, fish kills, beach closures).
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Providing data relating to fecal coliform levels will also help support the rationale for
certification. Increases in fecal coliform levels indicate that sanitary waste has increased
in the surface waters.   The presence of fecal coliform in the water may cause beaches
to close due to health risks from bacteria. Similarly, elevated levels impact the dissolved
oxygen in the water which may adversely affect the ecological community (e.g., shellfish
propagation, fish spawning). Other water quality data or information may also be useful
to prove that water quality is being affected and in turn affecting the local environment.

Water quality information and data can be obtained by the applicant through contact with
the state water authority, which is typically located hi the water division of the state's
environmental protection agency.   The applicant should ask for a copy of the  state's
305(b) water quality assessment report (this report is required under CWA §305(b)>.
These reports are called different names hi each state, but the report should be known
internally  as the 305(b) report. This report will provide the applicant with water quality
information and data for major waterways  hi the state, however, if more localized data
are needed, the applicant should contact the local (county or municipal) water authority.

Paragraph [Ic]  on  Page  1  of the  sample  application  contains  examples of the
supplemental information which can be incorporated into the certification statement.  In
this example, the optional uiformation provides fecal coliform data which supports the
claim that the water quality has been impacted.  It also identifies the resources which
have been affected and the possible impact on the environment and local economy.
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                                       Sample Application
                                 Map 1: Bayside Channel Area
                                                                           Atlantic
                                                                            Ocean
                                                                             Mapl:
                                                                            - Bayside
                                                                             Channel Area
                                                                                    Atlantic
                                                                                     Ocean
                                                                           [I]
                                                               EP = Existing Pumpout Facility
                                                               PP = Proposed Pumpout Facility
                                                               ED = Existing Dump Station
                                                               PD = Proposed Dump Station
                                                               ER = Existing Restroom Facility
                                                               PR = Proposed Restroom Facility

                                                              |   ; = Proposed No Discharge Area
                                                               Scale    |llll|llll|	H
                                                              (InFeet)   0   500 1000
                                          2000
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4.1.2    Pumpout Facilities Map
      No Discharge Area Application Requirement #2 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(2)):

   "A map showing the location of commercial and recreational pumpout facilities."
Essential Information

   •     Map showing location of existing pumpout facilities in proposed area

Existing pumpout facilities that serve recreational and commercial vessels should be
clearly indicated on a map of the proposed No Discharge Area. Maps are available from
a variety of sources including county planning offices, the U.S. Geological Survey, and
the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.  If there are several maps
available, a simple map would be a good selection since additional information will need
to be added to it.  If the proposed  area  is widespread, more than one map can be
included hi the application as long as there is one overview map showing the entire area.
The other maps should be referenced on the overview  map.

For ease of interpretation by the reviewer, the map(s) included in the application should
include the following information:
   •     Scale (see [A] on Map 1 of sample application);
   •     North orientation symbol (see [B]);
   •     Locator map (smaller map which places the proposed area into context; see
         [C]);
   •     Delineation of proposed No Discharge  Area (i.e., dotted line,  shading,
         coloring, or any other identifying mark; see  [D] where a dotted line is used);
   •     Identification of all bodies of water (see [E]);
   •     Identification of relevant and significant cities and towns (see [FJ);
   •     Location of all existing recreational and commercial pumpout facilities in the
         area (see [G]); and
   •     Identification of pumpout facilities with unique identifying letters or numbers,
         for reference and discussion purposes later hi the application (see [H]).

Optional Information

It is suggested that the applicant add some or all of the following information to the map
described above:

   •     Location of proposed pumpout facilities
   •     Location of existing and proposed portable toilet dump stations
   •     Location of existing and proposed shoreside restrooms
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                                   Sample Application
          2.0    FACILITY INFORMATION

          2.1     Map of Sanitary Waste Reception Facilities

   [2a]    The following map shows the geographic location of holding tank pumpout facilities, portable
          toilet  dump stations,  and  shoreside  restrooms within  the proposed Bayside  Channel  No
          Discharge Area.

   [2b]    The three existing pumpout facilities in the area are identified on the map by an "EP" followed
          by the number assigned for reference purposes (i.e., EP1, EP2, and EPS).  The location of the
          two proposed pumpout facilities are indicated on the map as PP1 and PP2.  The two existing
          dump stations are designated on the map by ED1, ED2, and ED3, while the two proposed dump
          stations are shown as PD1 and PD2. The five existing shoreside restroom facilities are labeled
          on the map as ER1, ER2, ER3, ER4, and ER5. There are no proposed  restroom facilities at this
          time.
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If additional pumpout facilities are planned, these proposed pumpouts should be indicated
on the map.  A brief description of each proposed  facility's state of completion and
estimated completion date should be provided under the next application requirement
(#3).

The location of all types of sanitary waste reception facilities should be presented on the
map to provide a complete picture of the options boaters have to dispose of their sanitary
waste.  In addition to the location of pumpout facilities, the geographic distribution of
existing and proposed shoreside public restrooms and portable toilet dump stations is also
important for determining availability of discharge alternatives.  Since each facility type
has a different purpose in the disposal of vessel sewage, all types of facilities should be
taken into consideration while evaluating the current  situation in the proposed area.

As shown in Map 1 of the sample application, if all  of these facilities are indicated on
the map, then a code system needs to be used to identify the geographic distribution of
the different facility types (see [HJ).  Any simple code system can be used, but each
facility  (e.g.,  proposed pumpout facility,  existing restrooms) should have a unique
identifier.  The following codes were used for the sample application:  EP  = existing
pumpout facilities, PP  = proposed pumpout facilities, ED = existing dump station,
PD = proposed dump station, ER = existing restrooms, and PR = proposed restrooms.
A legend should be established on the map which defines these codes  (see [I]).  Each
type of facility indicated on the map was assigned a unique number in addition to the
unique code (e.g., EP1, EP2).

The text preceding the map in this section of the application should briefly explain the
map(s)  used to present the geographic distribution of the  sanitary waste reception
facilities in the proposed area (see [2a]). The code or reference system used to identify
the different types of facilities should also be explained here (see [2b]).
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                                      Sample Application
           2.2     Description of Facility  Locations and Types

   [3a]    There are five waterfront facilities (e.g., docks, harbors, marinas), which will be subsequently
           called marinas in this application, that operate pumpout facilities and/or dump stations in the
           proposed Bayside  Channel No Discharge  Area.   Map  1  in Section 2.1 of this application
           provided an overview of the geographic distribution of the marinas in the area, however, a more
           specific description of the location and type of each marina's sanitary waste reception facilities
           is provided below:

   [3b]    Surf Bay Marina. This marina is located at the west end of Surf Bay about 0.75 miles from the
           bay entrance off the northern end of the Bayside Channel. The marina currently operates one
           stationary,  marina-wide pumpout facility, which is located directly to the right of the fuel dock
           at the end of the middle pier. The pumpout facility also accommodates sanitary wastes from
           portable toilets.

           Waterfront Marina. Due to the close proximity (approximately 0.5 miles) of this marina to Surf
           Bay  Marina,  it does not currently operate  either a  pumpout facility or dump station. The
           Waterfront Marina is closer to the bay entrance off the Bayside Channel  than the Surf Bay
           Marina, so  Waterfront Marina has plans to purchase portable pumpout equipment and develop
           a dump station (these plans are discussed in detail in Section 2.3 of the application).

           Island Bay  Dock.  This  marina is located in the northwest portion of Island  Bay approximately
           0.5 miles off the southern part of the Bayside Channel.  Island Bay Dock  is the only marina
           located on  the ocean-side  of the Bayside Channel. Island Bay is a popular location for vessels
           to moor, so the marina has operated a mobile pumpout facility (located on a vessel) for the past
           5 years which services vessels in Island Bay. The shoreside marina facilities include a dump
           station for  portable toilets.

           Tidal Bay Marina.  This marina  is located at the northern end of Tidal Bay,  approximately 0.5
           miles from  the bay entrance from the southern part of the Bayside Channel. Tidal Bay Marina
           operates one stationary, marina-wide pumpout facility which is located at the end of the fuel
           dock.  The pumpout facility is also a reception  facility for portable toilet sanitary wastes.

           Bayside Harbor.  As shown in Map 1, this marina is located directly 0.5 miles south of the Tidal
           Bay  Marina in Tidal Bay.  In the past, this harbor has referred its customers to the Tidal Bay
           Marina for  pumpout and dump services. Three months ago plans were developed to purchase
           a portable  pumpout system and construct a portable  toilet dump station (these  plans are
           discussed in  detail in Section 2.3 of the application).

           The  following table provides the names and addresses for the five facilities described above.
           For reference, the codes assigned to each facility on Map 1 are presented next to each facility.
           The  table also summarizes the water body on which each facility is located and the number of
           pumpout facilities  or dump stations  by system type  for each facility.
Application Guidelines
4-12
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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4.1.3    Description of Pumpout Facilities in Proposed No Discharge Area
      No Discharge Area Application Requirement #3 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(3)):

              "A description of the location of pumpout facilities within
                       waters designated for no discharge."
Essential Information

   •     Narrative description of number, type (e.g., portable), and location (e.g.,
         fuel dock) of pumpout facilities

In addition to the map developed and included under Application Requirement #2, the
applicant needs to provide a brief narrative description for each holding tank pumpout
facility (both existing and proposed) identified on the map hi the proposed No Discharge
Area.  This discussion may be organized around each waterfront facility (e.g., marina,
dock, harbor), instead of each pumpout  facility.  (The applicant should pay close
attention to using the term "facility" to describe both a waterfront facility and a pumpout
facility. In the sample application (see [3a]), waterfront facility is assigned the synonym
"marina" to avoid confusion for the reviewer.  Any appropriate synonym may be used
by the applicant to refer to the waterfront facilities, but this substitution should be clearly
indicated in the application.)

There are three important facts to provide  in these descriptions:

   1.     The number of pumpout facilities at each marina.
   2.     The type of pumpout system(s)  (i.e., portable, mobile,  stationary,  remote
         operated multi-station) at each marina.
   3.     The specific location of each pumpout facility within the marina.

These pieces of information can be collected through several different methods.  It is
important for the applicant to  keep hi mind that additional information will be needed
about these pumpout facilities to meet the information needs listed under Application
Requirements #4 and 5.

   1.     The information may be included in a recent guide  or list of marinas or water
         recreation facilities (e.g., the "Waterway Guide" published by Communication
         Channels, Inc.  is an annual series of comprehensive guides for the Southern,
         Mid-Atlantic, Northern, and Great  Lakes regions). The applicant may also
         contact the state department of natural resources or coastal zone management
         office to  potentially obtain a recent inventory of  the state's marinas.   This
         method may also require calling each marina listed to update the information
         provided  in the guide.
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                                    Sample Application
   [3c]
                Table 2

Waste Reception Facility Locations by Type


Marina
Information

Surf Bay Marina
123 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Waterfront
Marina
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Island Bay Dock
12 Island Road
Bayside, US
01266
Tidal Bay
Marina
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244
Bayside Harbor
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244

Facility
Map
Codes

EP1/
ED1


PP1/
PD1



EP2/
ED2


EPS/
ED3



PP2/
PD2



Body
of
Water

Surf
Bay


Surf
Bay



Island
Bay


Tidal
Bay



Tidal
Bay


Number of Waste Reception Facilities by
Type and Location

Portable
Pumpout
0



*
1




0



0




*
1




Mobile
Pumpout
0



0




1



0




0




Stationary
Pumpout
1



0




0



1




0




Dump
Station
1



#
1




1



1




«
1



              Proposed facilities expected to be available by May.

           Note:    There are no remote operated multi-station systems in this area.

           Sources:         "Ocean County Boater's Guide" (Ocean County Division of Tourism, 1993);
                           and personal  communication  with owners/operators of  Surf Bay Marina,
                           Waterfront Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
Application Guidelines
                 4-14       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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   2.     If a recreation facility guide or a similar  information source is not readily
         available and the proposed No Discharge Area is relatively small, the applicant
         may be able to conduct an inventory of the marinas in the area to collect the
         necessary pumpout facility information.

After completion of the facility information collection process, the applicant will then be
able to write a brief description of each marina, including the relative location of the
marina and the type, number, and location of pumpout facilities in the proposed area (see
[3b]).  One option for presentation of this information is for the  applicant to develop a
table which would help summarize the information provided hi  these descriptions and
provide the reviewers with a useful look-up table.  The table presented in the sample
application (see  [3c]) provides the following information for each marina:

   ••     Location and contact information (e.g., marina name, address, phone number);
   ••     Applicable codes used in the pumpout facility map;
   ••     Waterbody in which the marina is located; and
   ••     Number of pumpout facilities by type.

Optioned Information

It is suggested that the applicant also include the following information in the application:

   *     Narrative description of number and location of dump stations

In addition to the essential locational information on pumpout facilities described above,
it would be helpful for reviewers to have  similar information on  the existing and
proposed portable  toilet dump  stations  in the proposed  No Discharge Area.   This
information can be easily integrated into the descriptions for each marina (see [3b]) and
attached to the look-up table by adding an extra column to show the number of dump
stations for each marina listed (see [3c]).  This information should be available from the
same source(s) used to obtain pumpout facility information.
 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-15                 Application Guidelines

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                             Sample Application
2.3 Facility Operation and Maintenance
The following table summarizes the operation information (i.e., hours, fees, and operating
capacity) for each pumpout facility and dump station within the proposed No Discharge Area.
The information provided for the proposed facilities is subject to change.
[4a] Table 3
Facility Operation Information

Marina Information
Surf Bay Marina
William Smith
123 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01 234
(123) 555-2424
Channel 1 6 VHF-FM
Waterfront Marina
Ed Johnson
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01234
(123) 555-2300
Channel 1 6 VHF-FM
Island Bay Dock
Joseph Hill
12 Island Road
Bayside, US 01 266
(123) 555-1300
Channel 1 2 VHF-FM
Tidal Bay Marina
Susan Washington
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01 244
(1'23) 555-1111
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Bayside Harbor
John Morrison
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01 244
(123) 555-2222
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Sources: Same
Facility
Map
Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
EDS
PP2
PD2
Facility Hours of
Operation
April-October:
9am-8pm daily
November-March:
10am-4pm daily
Same as EP1
M-F: 10am-6pm
Sat: 7am-7pm
Sun: 8am-7pm
Same as PP1
M-F: 10am-8pm
Sat: 9am-9pm
Sun: 9am-8pm
8am-9pm daily
M-Th: 10am-5pm
F&Sat: 7am-8pm
Sun: 8am-9pm
Same as EPS
M-F: 10am-7pm
Sat: 8am-8pm
Sun: 9am-9pm
Same as PP2
sources as fable 2.
6
Facility Fee
Schedule
For customers:
Free
For others: $5
Free to public
Free to
customers
Free to public
$10
$2
For customers:
Free
For others: $8
Free to public
Free to
customers
Free to public
Facility
Operating
Capacity
10 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A
1 2 gallons
per minute
N/A
10 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A


Application Guidelines
4-16     Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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4.1.4    Schedule of Operating Hours of the Pumpout Facilities
      No Discharge Area Application Requirement #4 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(4)):

         "The general schedule of operating hours of the pumpout facilities."
Essential Information

   •     Schedule of operating hours for each pumpout facility

The application reviewers will be  looking at the availability of the pumpout facilities
located hi the proposed No Discharge Area, therefore, the hours of operation for each
facility is an essential piece of information for the application.  These hours may be
obtained from the same source(s) as the location and facility type information required
under Application Requirement #3.

For ease of presentation, a small table can be developed which provides the name of the
marina, the pumpout facility map code, and the hours the pumpout facility is operational
(see [4a]).  In a case where the marina is only open on a seasonal basis or the hours of
operation change according to the season, the hours of operation should include the hours
and the months.  The hours  of  operation should also reflect any daily changes (e.g.,
longer hours on weekends).

Optional Information

There are several pieces of information related to the operation of the sanitary waste
reception facilities hi the proposed No Discharge Area which would be helpful for the
application reviewers to know in addition to  the hours of operation for each pumpout
facility.  These facility operation characteristics are:

   •     Schedule of operating hours for each dump station.  The hours of operation
         of each dump station in the proposed area need  to be provided in a similar
         manner as  described under the Essential Information section for pumpout
         facilities (i.e., include seasonal hours, days of the week). These hours provide
         the reviewer with an indication of the availability of the portable toilet dump
         stations.

   •     Fee schedule for each pumpout facility and dump station.   It would be
         helpful for the reviewer to know the fees charged for each of the pumpout
         facilities and dump stations in the proposed area to determine whether any of
         the facilities preclude use to boaters on a financial basis.  If the fee is less for
         customers or patrons of the marina (e.g., boaters that moor then* vessels at the
         marina, purchase items in a marine supply store, eat at a restaurant), then the
         fees for both patrons and the general public should be indicated.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance     4-17                  Application Guidelines

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                                     Sample Application
   [4b]    2.3.1   Facility Accessibility

           Although the three marinas that currently operate pumpout facilities and dump stations in the
           proposed No Discharge Area are all privately owned, access is given to all vessels.  As shown
           in the table above, however, reduced facility use prices are given to patrons  at two of the
           marinas.

   [4c]    2.3.2   Facility Maintenance Plans

           The stationary pumpout/dump facilities at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay Marina are operated
           by the customers.  Signs are posted with the proper operating procedures, however, marina
           personnel check on the facility several times a day (especially during periods of heavy use) to
           prevent major problems (e.g., sewage lines become clogged if  not rinsed properly) from
           occurring. The pumpouts are both inspected and cleaned once a week and thoroughly checked
           and repaired once a year (usually during the off-season).

           The mobile pumpout service provided through a contract with Island Bay Dock is monitored for
           maintenance or operational  problems on a continuous basis because the owner of the pumpout
           boat is also the operator.  Approximately once a year the mobile pumpout is serviced and
           repaired. The dump station located at Island Bay Dock is cleaned every night after closing the
           marina office.  The dump station does not require much maintenance.
Application Guidelines
4-18       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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   •     List of owner/operator  for each pumpout facility  and dump  station.
         Information on the operation of the pumpout facilities and dump stations
         should include the name of the owner and/or operator of each facility to help
         answer the question of whether the  marina is publicly or privately owned and
         operated.  Also, in case  the reviewer chooses to contact one or two of the
         facilities for  more  information or to  verify  information  provided in the
         application, the phone number and VHF-FM channel should also be provided
         with the owner/operator name for each facility.  This information completes
         the facility information provided for Application Requirement #3.

   •     Description of operating  capacity  of each pumpout facility. The reviewer
         needs to determine how many vessels can be accommodated per day by the
         pumpout facilities located in the proposed No Discharge  Area, therefore, the
         applicant may  want to provide the  operating capacity, or gallons of sanitary
         waste the pumpout can pump per minute, for each pumpout facility.  This rate
         is not applicable to dump  stations.

For ease of preparation and presentation, the  applicant is encouraged to develop a table
with the facility operation information for each marina (see [4a]).

There  are  three  additional  important optional pieces  of  information related to the
operation of the pumpout facilities  and dump stations.  This information is not easily
summarized hi a table, so if the applicant wishes  to include this additional information
in the application, then short descriptions will need to be developed.

   •     Description of accessibility of each pumpout facility and dump station. At
         some marinas only the patrons are allowed to use the marina's sanitary waste
         reception facilities. This information is important to provide hi the application
         because if an area  has only private, patron-only pumpout facilities,  then the
         general public is left without an option for sanitary waste removal from their
         holding  tanks.  Only  a brief description of the  facility accessibility to the
         general public in the proposed area is needed (see [4b]).

   •     Maintenance plans for  each pumpout facility  and  dump station.   It is
         important  to  provide reviewers with  any  planned maintenance schedules
         available for the pumpout facilities and dump stations  in the proposed No
         Discharge Area.   This  information shows  the  level of  effort  that the
         owners/operators of the facilities are expending to keep the facility in good
         working condition for its customers. A brief description of the process (e.g.,
         weekly inspection, daily cleaning) used to maintain the facilities, which would
         probably need  to be obtained directly from each facility hi the proposed area,
         is needed to include this information in the application (see [4c]).
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-19                 Application Guidelines

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                                    Sample Application
   [4d]     2.3.3    Completion of Proposed Facilities

           In Section 2.2 above, there were two pumpout facilities and two dump stations described
           which are expected to operate within the proposed No Discharge Area. Waterfront Marina and
           Bayside Harbor are each expected to purchase equipment for a portable pumpout facility and
           a dedicated portable toilet dump station. Partial funding for this equipment will come from the
           Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant program.  Upon receipt of the funds, which are estimated to
           be dispersed in 2 months, the marinas will purchase the dump stations and portable pumpouts.
           ft is expected that they will be fully operational in time for the beginning of the boating season
           in May. The anticipated hours of operation, fees, and pumpout operating capacity (gallons per
           minute) are provided in  the table at the beginning of this section.
Application Guidelines
4-20       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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         Description of completion schedule forproposed pumpout facilities and dump
         stations. As previously mentioned, it would be helpful for reviewers to know
         when the proposed pumpout facilities and dump stations are expected to be
         operational. A brief description of the state of completion and the expected
         date of opening for each facility would be useful information to include in the
         application (see [4d]).
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-21                 Application Guidelines

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                                     Sample Application
   [5a]
2.4    Facility Draught Requirements

The following table provides information related to the physical accessibility of vessels to each
pumpout facility  and dump station, including the mean low  water depth adjacent to each
facility,  the  maximum draught of vessels excluded from each facility, and the estimated
percentage of vessels precluded from using each facility based on draught limitations. It is
estimated that 5  percent of vessels using the Bayside Channel area have a draught of more
than 6 feet, therefore, these vessels can access all the sanitary waste reception facilities in the
area except  the pumpout facility at Bayside Harbor (upon completion). It is estimated that
vessels of this size would have a holding tank (MSD Type III), not a portable toilet, and would
require a pumpout facility.

There are no bridges in the proposed No Discharge Area,  therefore,  no maximum height
limitations exist.

                                  Table 4

                    Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities
Marina Name
Surf Bay
Marina
Waterfront
Marina
Island Bay
Dock
Tidal Bay
Marina
Bayside Harbor
Facility
Map Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
ED3
PP2
PD2
Mean Low
Water Depth
15 ft.
15 ft.
12 ft.
12 ft.
30ft.
12ft.
13ft.
13 ft.
10ft.
10ft.
Vessel Draught
Limitations
10ft.
10ft.
7 ft.
7ft.
25 ft.
7ft.
8ft.
8ft.
6ft.
6ft.
% of Vessels
Excluded
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
- 5%
5%
           Sources:         Personal  communication  with  owners/operators  of Surf Bay Marina,
                            Waterfront Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
Application Guidelines
                                   4-22       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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4.1.5    Vessel Draught Requirements at Facilities
      No Discharge Area Application Requirement #5 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(5j):

        "The draught requirements on vessels that may be excluded because of
                  insufficient water depth adjacent to the facility."
Essential Information

   •     Maximum draught of vessels excluded from each pumpout facility
   •     Mean low water depth adjacent to each pumpout facility

The application reviewer will need to know the physical accessibility of each pumpout
facility in the proposed No Discharge Area for the general boating population.  The
major restriction for vessel access to a marina is water depth.  The regulations require
applicants to provide the draught limitations for vessels using the facilities, therefore, the
applicant needs to provide the mean low water level adjacent to each pumpout facility in
the area and the related draught limitations. This information, if not readily available,
can usually be located hi a boating almanac or waterway guide (see sources listed under
Application Requirement #3).  For coastal areas, the applicant may find this information
on a U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National  Ocean Service (NOS) map or hi NOS's "U.S. Coastal Pilot" series.  As a last
source, the applicant may need to call each facility to obtain the draught limitations at
low tide.

If there are only a few (less than five or six) facilities hi the area,  then a short paragraph
describing the mean low water depths and vessel  draught limitations adjacent to  each
pumpout facility could be included   hi the application  to  fulfill this requirement.
However, if there are more than four or five pumpout facilities hi the area, then a small
table should be developed for ease of preparation by the applicant  and presentation for
the reviewer (see [5a]).

Optional Information

If a table is being developed  for the  essential information described above, then the
following additional physical accessibility characteristics of each facility could easily be
added to the table.  If a table is not being considered to present the essential information,
the applicant may not want to  include the optional information hi the application.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-23                  Application Guidelines

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Application Guidelines
4-24      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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   •      Mean low water and draught limitations adjacent to each dump station.  It
         is just as important for the reviewer to know the draught limitations at the
         dump stations as the pumpout facilities.  By nature, however, smaller vessels
         (with less draught) use dump stations more frequently than pumpout facilities.
         If there  is  clearly no  restriction to vessels using the dump  stations,  the
         applicant could write one sentence describing this fact and not include the
         draught information in the table.

   •      Maximum height of vessels excluded from each pumpout facility and dump
         station  (if bridges  exist in the area).  In addition  to depth or draught
         limitations to certain areas, bridges or other overpasses may exclude vessels
         of a certain height from  access to a  facility.   If  this is  the  case  for the
         proposed No Discharge Area, then these height restrictions should be included
         in the application.

   •      Percentage  of vessels precluded from using facilities in the area.   The
         applicant should show the effect of these draught and/or height limitations on
         the general boating public.  The applicant should estimate how many or what
         percentage of vessels will be precluded from using each facility in the area.
         The applicant could estimate this after obtaining statistics on vessel population
         for Application Requirement #7.  If a certain portion of the vessel population
         would be precluded from using  facilities, then the  estimated percentage or
         number of vessels should be indicated on the table described above. If there
         would be no known effect on the boating population, then this fact should be
         mentioned hi the application.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-25                 Application Guidelines

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                                    Sample Application
   [6a]
2.5    Facility Waste Treatment Methods

The stationary pumpout facilities and dump stations located at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay
Marina are linked directly into the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located
15 miles from Surf Bay Marina and 7 miles from Tidal Bay Marina.  Bayside Municipal Sewage
Treatment Plant has made an agreement with the State Department of Environment Protection
(DEP) to accept vessel sewage.  Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant has consistently
met or exceeded DEP's and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standards.

The mobile pumpout station that services the Island Bay Dock area retains vessel sewage on
board in a 300 gallon holding tank. Once a week, or more often when the tank level is near
capacity, the mobile pumpout boat travels to Tidal Bay Marina where a licensed septage hauler
meets the boat  and unloads, or pumps out, the contents of the holding tank into the  truck's
holding tank.  The truck then transports the sanitary waste to the Bayside Municipal Sewage
Treatment Plant. The dump station at the Island Bay Dock deposits its contents into the on-site
septic system which is also used for the marina's restroom facilities. The restroom wastes are
mixed with the dump station wastes before entry into the septic system to help dilute  wastes
from the  portable toilets.

Vessel sewage  collected at the proposed dump  stations and portable pumpout facilities at
Waterfront Marina and Bayside Harbor will be emptied directly into the sewer system linked to
the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant. The dump stations and portable pumpouts will
be emptied every day or when full, whichever comes first.
                                               10
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                                   4-26       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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4.1.6     Waste Treatment Information
      No Discharge Area Application Requirement #6 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(6)):

   "Information indicating that treatment of wastes from such pumpout facilities is in
                          conformance with Federal law."
Essential Information

   •      Narrative description of methods that will be used to dispose of sewage
          collected from vessels at each pumpout facility

The regulations require applicants for No Discharge Area approval under CWA §312 to
briefly describe the sanitary waste treatment process that  occurs  at each facility after
collection of the waste from vessel holding tanks or portable toilets. There are basically
four acceptable disposal methods available, although the first two are preferable:

   1.      Discharge to a public wastewater collection system and treatment facility.
   2.      Discharge to a holding tank with removal and transport by a licensed septage
          hauler to a municipal septage receiving/treatment facility.
   3.      Discharge to a package treatment plant with subsequent discharge back into
          coastal waters.
   4.      Discharge to an on-site septic system.2

The applicant needs to describe the waste disposal process for each pumpout facility and
dump station (see [6a]).  In most cases,  the applicant will  need to contact each facility
to obtain information on the waste disposal practices. This information can be organized
by location, by type of facility, or by  disposal method.   The applicant  should also
indicate that these practices comply with current Federal, state, and local regulations and,
in some cases,  explain how they comply.

Optional Information

If vessel  sewage dump  stations exist within  the proposed No Discharge  Area,  the
following information should be provided in the application to ensure use  of proper
disposal methods.

   •      Narrative description  of methods that will be  used to dispose of sewage
          collected from vessels at each dump station

The methods of disposal for each dump station can be discussed simultaneously with the
pumpout facility  disposal methods, as described above (see [6a]).
2  "Clean Vessel Act:  Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines," Federal Register.
   Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10, 1994.
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4.1.7     Vessel Population and Usage Information
      No Discharge Area Application Requirement #7 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(7)):

      "Information on vessel population and vessel usage of the subject waters."
Essential Information

   •     Total number of recreational and commercial vessels that use the proposed
         area on both a regular and transient basis

The vessel  population within an area is considered to be the number of vessels that are
moored in the area during peak periods of usage (i.e., summer holiday weekend). Vessel
usage includes both the regular users  (vessels originating within  the area) and  the
transient users (vessels originating outside the area).  In general, it is easier to determine
the number of regular users  than the total  vessel usage of an area.  There are several
sources for determining vessel population and usage. Typically, the applicant will need
to use more than one source and will often need to make qualified assumptions to derive
these estimates. The type of sources to use will depend on the geographic size of the No
Discharge  Area.   For proposed  areas that consist of one or two enclosed bays,  the
applicant may be able to rely on localized  data collection results.  For proposed areas
that are more expansive, the applicant should consult the results from one of two national
boating surveys (which are referenced in the following paragraph) and supplement this
information with local data.

For smaller proposed No Discharge Areas, the applicant should begin by contacting the
public  and  private marinas hi the area, since these facilities often keep visitation and
long-term mooring registration records. Facilities can almost always provide information
on the  number of slips and vessels launched from marinas.  Another local source is the
state boating law administration office (see Appendix E for contacts).  This office may
be able to provide boating population statistics by county and length of vessel; however,
many states do not keep registration records at this level of detail.  The state boating law
administrator or the applicant's local Sea Grant College Program may also be able to
identify any local  site-specific  boating studies recently completed.  Another potential
source for localized information is the state's Comprehensive Outdoor Recreational Plan
which  is usually  prepared  by the state  Department  of Parks  and Recreation  (or
equivalent). If these sources are inadequate, especially for estimating peak boating usage
rates, then  assumptions may be adapted from national statistics provided in the secondary
sources listed below.

   1.     "National Recreational Boating Survey:  Draft Final Report, Volume 1 of 2";
         U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Coast Guard; prepared by Price
         Waterhouse; March 1992.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-29                 Application Guidelines

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                                    Sample Application
   I7a]
   [7b]
3.0    VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA

The marinas in the Bayside Channel area keep records on the number and size of county-
registered  and transient vessels.  Although  not  all vessels  use these five marinas, these
numbers combined with registration records for Ocean County should  provide an accurate
estimate for vessel use in the Bayside Channel area. This area receives a significant level of
transient traffic, typically consisting of larger vessels equipped with MSDs (usually Type  III).
The estimated number of transient vessels indicated in the table below represents the peak
number recorded or observed during Labor Day weekend last  year.  There are no commercial
vessels that currently use the Bayside Channel area.

                                 Table 5

               Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge  Area
Vessel Length
Over 40 feet
26 to 40 feet
16 to 26 feet
Less than 1 6 feet
TOTAL
Estimated Number
of Registered
Vessels
151
862
3,511
9,053
13,577
Estimated Number
of Transient Vessels
174
715
696
837
2,422
Total Estimated
Number of
Vessels
325
1,577
4,207
9,890
15,999
           Sources:
                Ocean  County  recreational  vessel  registration  records;  and  mooring
                registration records from Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront Marina, Island Bay
                Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
                                                  11
Application Guidelines
                                  4-30       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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   2.      "American Red Cross National Boating Survey:  A Study of Recreational
          Boats, Boaters, and  Accidents  in  the  United States"; U.S.  Coast Guard;
          prepared by the American Red Cross; 1991.

For applicants with larger proposed No Discharge Areas, marina interviews and site-
specific studies are not practical. For large areas, the applicant should start with the two
secondary sources listed above which contain vessel population statistics by state and an
average usage rate (user days per vessel) for the nation.

Many of the areas being proposed as No  Discharge Areas are not used by significant
numbers of commercial vessels.  When this is the case, applicants should note this fact.
However, if the proposed area does have significant commercial traffic, commercial
vessel usage  statistics can best be obtained from "Waterborne Commerce of the U.S."
(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). Information on commercial traffic to and from major
ports  is  available  from "Port  Entrances and  Clearances"  (U.S.  Department of
Commerce).  Information on the number  of documented vessels is  available from the
U.S. Coast Guard Vessel Documentation Branch.  However, this  information should be
used with caution since it reflects the state in which the vessel was documented, not the
state where it is currently located.

The applicant should carefully document all sources and explain any assumptions (see
[7a]).  For ease of preparation and presentation, the applicant should construct a small
table (see [7b]) to present the vessel population numbers.  The applicant should provide
as much detail hi the table of these population numbers (e.g., vessel length, registered
vs. transient) as available.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance     4-31                  Application Guidelines

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                                     Sample Application
   [7c]
According to the technical guidelines provided for the Clean Vessel Act (Federal Register. Vol.
59, No. 47,  March 10,  1994, pp.  11290-11306), the Bayside Channel area would require
approximately three to four pumpout facilities and three dump stations. The pumpout facility
estimate of three to four is based on an estimated 845 vessels with holding tanks (or Type III
MSDs) with  a peak occupancy rate (percent of vessels used on  a holiday weekend) of 40
percent and one pumpout facility assumed to service 96 vessels per weekend.  The estimate
of three dump stations assumes an  estimate of 1,094 vessels with a portable toilet at a peak
occupancy rate of 40 percent in the  area and one dump station able to service 144 vessels per
weekend.

As described in other sections of the application, there are currently three operational pumpout
facilities and three operational dump stations in the area. In addition, there are two pumpout
facilities and two  dump stations proposed to be  operational in  several months which will
accommodate for any vessel population growth and conversions from Types I and II MSDs to
Type III MSDs.
                                               12
Application Guidelines
                                  4-32       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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Optional Information

It is suggested that the applicant also include the following estimate in the application:

   •     Estimated number or percentage  of vessels with Type III MSDs

An estimate of the number of vessels with holding tanks is helpful to determine whether
adequate sanitary waste reception facilities are available in the area. If this information
has already been calculated or estimated by a survey or other means, then the applicant
should provide these results in the application (see [7c]).

The technical guidelines for the Clean Vessel Act (see  Section 3.2.2) provide formulas
for estimating the number of pumpout facilities and dump stations an area demands. The
formulas require the following information:

         Number of vessels, categorized by vessel length
         Percent of vessel population with  holding tanks  and portable toilets
         Peak occupancy rate (e.g., percent of vessels used on a holiday weekend)
         Number of vessels served per hour at pumpout facilities  and dump stations
         Number of weekend operating hours  at pumpout facilities and dump stations

Except for vessel population, general assumptions are provided for those variables of the
formula unknown to the user.

A worksheet is provided (see Exhibit 2) for  the applicant to calculate the recommended
number of pumpout facilities  and/or dump stations for an area.   The applicant can
determine in Step 2 of the worksheet the estimated number of vessels with holding tanks
(or Type HI MSDs)  in the proposed  No Discharge Area  if the  applicant is  able to
estimate the number of vessels that use the area, categorized by length of vessel.  Unless
the applicant has a local study which estimates the percent of vessels with holding tanks
installed on board  hi the  area, the applicant should use  the estimated percentages
provided for coastal and Great Lakes states hi  the bottom part of  the worksheet. The
calculation after Step 3 on the  pumpout facility section of the worksheet estimates the
number of vessels hi the proposed area with holding tanks.  Similar calculations can be
completed on the second page of the worksheet to derive the estimated number of vessels
with portable toilets.  A similar table is provided with the estimated percent of vessels
with portable toilets  for coastal  and Great Lakes states.  If enough information  is
available for the applicant to calculate these  estimates,  the results should be provided in
the application,  along with any assumptions used to determine these estimates.

The remainder of the pumpout facility and dump station worksheets could be completed
by  the applicant to help justify the number of pumpout facilities and  dump  stations
currently available in die proposed area.   Again, local data should  be used when
available.   The applicant should include  the results of these calculations (and an
explanation of any assumptions or sources  used to derive these estimates) versus the
actual  number of pumpout facilities and dump stations available.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-33                 Application Guidelines

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                                                           Exhibit 2
Boater Sanitary Waste Reception Facility
Requirements Worksheet
Estimate of Required Pumpout Facilities
1

2

c
*

p
3
i?
1

4


IS
5

6



i

f
\
•
Enter # of vessels 26-40 ft. in length

Enter % of 26 - 40 ft. vessels w/holding tanks (see table below)




Enter # of vessels greater than 40 ft. in length
•"^ 	 1
HI Calculate estimated total # of vessels w/holding tanks

Enter estimated peak occupancy rate (i.e., on a holiday weekend; if unknown, use 40%)

_J
jiSj Calculate estimated # of vessels requiring pumpout facilities

Enter average # of vessels served per hr. at pumpout (if unknown, use 4/hr.)

Enter average # of hrs. of operation per weekend (if unknown, use 24 hrs. per weekend)

JXm
S* Calculate estimated # of vessels served per pumpout facility


;SS Calculate estimated # of pumpout facilities required

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                                                                     Exhibit 2
Boater Sanitary Waste Reception Facility
Requirements Worksheet (Cont'd)

Estimate of Required Dump Stations
      Enter # of vessels 16 - 26 ft. in length
      Enter % of 16-26 ft. vessels w/portable toilets (see table below)
         Calculate estimated total # of vessels w/portable toilets
  3j
Enter estimated peak occupancy rate (if unknown, use 40%)
         Calculate estimated # of vessels requiring dump stations
E
Enter average # of vessels served per hr. at dump station (if unknown, use 12/hr.)
u
Enter average # of hrs. of operation per wkend. (if unknown, use 24 hrs. per wkend.)
         Calculate estimated # of vessels served per dump station
         Calculate estimated # of dump stations required
Percent of Vessels with Portable Toilets by Coastal and
Great Lakes State (See Step #2)
State
Alabama
Alaska
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
%
16
34
42
24
32
41
11
17
27
18
State
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Missouri
Minnesota
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
%
32
28
24
29
20
6
32
26
25
26
State
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Texas
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
%
25
28
29
30
25
23
30
37
35
18
Source: "Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines," Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47,
March JO, 1994; and "National Recreational Boating Survey: Sanitation Pumpout Questionnaire Tabulations," U.S.
Department of Fish and Wildlife Service, January 1992.
  Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance     4-35
                                               Application Guidelines

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                                      Sample Application
           4.0     OTHER INFORMATION

           This section is included to provide additional information on how the No Discharge Area will
           be enforced after EPA approval (including the local ordinances used to regulate the area), the
           methods that will be used to educate and inform the boating public of the no discharge status,
           and identification of other water pollution sources within the Bayside Channel area.

   [8a]    4.1     Enforcement Plan

           Both  the  Boating Division and Division  of Shellfish  Sanitation of the  State Department  of
           Natural Resources  will be responsible for enforcement of the No Discharge Area around the
           Bayside Channel after approval of the area by EPA.  The Division of Shellfish Sanitation has
           authority  to regulate  and enforce the discharge of  vessel sewage within  and adjacent  to
           shellfish harvesting  areas.  Boating Division personnel enforce all other areas, but concentrate
           their effort on heavy boating areas.  Two years ago a Memorandum of Understanding (MOD)
           between the U.S. Coast Guard and the State Department of Natural Resources was established.
           This MOU gives the state authority to enforce compliance with the current Federal regulations
           related to disposal  of vessel sewage.

           On a local level, harbormasters in the public port areas assist the state personnel in boater
           enforcement and education.  All of the marinas in the proposed area are private waterfront
           properties, however, the owners and operators have been cooperative in assisting the state in
           encouraging boaters to properly dispose of their wastes. All vessels mooring at private marinas
           must check in at  the marina office to  pay fees.  At this time, the boaters  are asked  to
           voluntarily sign a statement that they will not discharge any sewage (or other wastes) while
          • in the immediate marina area. This campaign was developed by Ocean County 2 years ago to
           encourage voluntary boater compliance with the county's no discharge standard for the Bayside
           Channel area.

           Enforcement techniques  used by the  Division  of  Shellfish Sanitation  and  Boating  Division
           include:  1) boarding vessels randomly and placing a  dye tablet in the MSD to inspect proper
           operation (no dye observed in the water after flushing); 2) visual inspection of secured MSD
           Y-valve; and 3) periodic water quality monitoring during periods of heavy  boating.

   [8b]    4.2     Local Discharge Ordinances

           The Bayside Channel area lies within the City of Bayside.  As mentioned  in Section 4.1, the
           City of Bayside passed an ordinance 2 years ago to prohibit the discharge of sanitary wastes
           in the area in order to protect natural resources (e.g., shellfish harvesting beds, recreational
           swimming areas).  The ordinance states:

                    "§65.03.  It shall be unlawful for any person to throw, discharge, deposit,
                    or leave, or cause, suffer, or procure to be thrown, discharged, deposited,
                    or left either from  or out of any vessel or holding tank, or from the shore,
                    wharf, manufacturing establishment, or mill of any kind, any refuse matter
                    of any description into the navigable waters of Ocean County. Any violation
                    of this ordinance results in  a maximum fine  of $400.00."
                                                13
Application Guidelines
4-36       Vessel/Marina Discharge  Guidance

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4.1.8    Additional Information
         Additional Information that May Enhance the Effectiveness of a
                         No Discharge Area Application
The following pieces of information are not required by 40 CFR §140.4(a), however,
they will provide the reviewers with a more complete description of the foundation a
state or community has established to prepare for a CWA §312 No Discharge Area
approval.

   *     Narrative description of enforcement plan to be used after approval of No
         Discharge Area.  The applicant should provide information for the reviewers
         on how the proposed prohibition on vessel sewage discharge is expected to be
         enforced in the proposed area (see [8a]). The last part of Section 6 (Strategies
         to Achieve Compliance in the No Discharge Area) of this guidance document
         discusses the enforcement methods and techniques currently in use.

   *     Summary of existing  or proposed local ordinances  enacted  to enhance
         regulation of vessel sewage discharges.  In connection  with the enforcement
         plan for the proposed No Discharge Area, the applicant should provide the
         related local ordinances which prohibit the discharge of treated and untreated
         sewage in the No Discharge Area (see [8b]).  These ordinances can be existing
         or proposed regulations. Any other relevant regulations (e.g., state) could also
         be included if the authority affects the proposed area.  If these ordinances and
         regulations are greater than two pages in length, they should be introduced in
         the application and attached as  an appendix.

   •     Narrative description  of public  education/information program.   If the
         proposed No Discharge  Area  already has  a public  outreach  program to
         promote proper disposal of vessel sewage, or if a program  is in the planning
         stages, the applicant should describe in the application the components of the
         program (see [8c]).  The first part of Section 6 of this guidance document
         provides more information on the components of public outreach  programs.
         In addition, Appendix F identifies several documents that discuss the education
         aspect of this issue.

   •     Narrative description of existing point source pollution that impacts the water
         quality in the proposed area. In addition to sewage discharges from vessels,
         an area is likely  to have specific point sources of water pollution which also
         contribute to the degradation  of water quality.  If such point sources of
         pollution exist in the proposed No Discharge Area, the applicant should briefly
         describe where they occur and the source of the  pollution (see [8d]).  If types
         and amounts of pollution are known for these sources, these data can  also be
         provided by the applicant.
 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-37                 Application Guidelines

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                                      Sample Application
   [8c]     4.3     Public Education/Information Plan

           At  the five  private marinas within the  proposed Bayside Channel  No  Discharge  Area.
           information is provided to boaters on the accepted sanitary waste handling practices for the
           area. Marinas are concerned about keeping the waters clean to keep their customers satisfied
           and to attract more customers to the area.  All  five marinas  voluntarily participate in the
           following public education and outreach activities:

                    •        Signs.  The three marinas with operational pumpout facilities and  dump
                            stations have signs at the marina entrances and on the facilities that show
                            boaters where the facilities are located.  The two marinas with proposed
                            facilities have signs on the fuel dock that refer vessels needing pumpout and
                            dump facilities to the nearest marina providing these services (in both cases
                            the marina is just across the bay). Signs in the restrooms also indicate that
                            portable toilets should not be emptied into the restroom system.

                    •        Fliers/brochures.  All vessel owners who wish to moor their vessels at the
                            marina are  required  to register at the marina office.  The vessel owner is
                            given information on the marina, including rules and  regulations about the
                            prohibition of sanitary waste discharge (both treated  and untreated) within
                            the marina area.  In some cases, the local ordinance and fine for violation are
                            stated.  Boaters  are also given a map of the marina which clearly indicates
                            the location, fee, and operating hours of the pumpout facility and  dump
                            station.

                    •        Voluntary compliance agreement.   The  marinas  also  ask boaters to
                            voluntarily sign an agreement to obey all rules for disposing of all types of
                            waste properly while in the marina area.
   [8d]
4.4    Existing Point Source Pollution

The only existing point source of water pollution within or directly adjacent to the proposed No
Discharge Area is the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located 8 miles up
Long River from Bayside Channel. The discharges from this plant are continually monitored and
regularly meet or exceed local, state, and Federal water quality standards.
                                                 14
Application Guidelines
                                    4-38       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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4.1.9    §312(f)(3) Application Information Checklist

A checklist in Exhibit 3 is provided for the applicant to track the information segments
that need to be collected during the preparation of the application. The applicant can use
this checklist during the planning and development stage of preparing the application by
checking off which  optional information segments he/she wants  to  include in the
application and  whether the information needs to be  collected.   As the missing
information pieces are collected, the applicant can mark these segments as completed.

After the application is completed and before it is submitted for review, the applicant
should thoroughly go through the checklist and compare  it to the application to ensure
all the components are included and complete, especially the information that is essential.
During this process, the applicant should also record in which section of the application
the information appears.  The suggested section numbers are already filled in, but should
be modified if different from the completed application.

4.1.10   §312(f)(3) Application Process

After the application has been checked for completeness and accuracy,  the applicant is
ready to finalize the application process.  The applicant should submit a copy of the
application to the appropriate environmental official of the state in which the proposed
No Discharge Area is located. This official will review the application and either return
it to the applicant with comments and await resubmittal or submit it to the EPA Regional
Administrator for the proposed No Discharge Area.  The EPA Regional Administrator
then reviews the application and  "detennine[s] within 90 days whether adequate facilities
for the safe and  sanitary removal and treatment of sewage from all  vessels using such
waters are reasonably available" (40 CFR §140.4(a)).   The applicant will be notified
whether he/she needs to clarify or enhance the application or whether the proposed No
Discharge Area will be approved by the EPA.  The approved No Discharge Area will
be noticed in the Federal  Register.  A  copy of the approved application is sent to EPA
Headquarters.

4.2      No Discharge  Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(A)

[reserved]

4.3      No Discharge  Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(B)

[reserved]
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      4-39                 Application Guidelines

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                                                                Exhibit 3
i
El
I
Checklist For Development Of No Discharge Area
Application
Information Segment
Certification of necessity for greater environmental protection
Description of specific resources
Fecal coliform and other water quality data
Map showing location of existing pumpout facilities
Map showing location of proposed pumpout facilities
Map showing location of existing and proposed dump stations
Map showing location of existing and proposed restrooms
Number, type, and location of pumpout facilities
Number and location of dump stations
Schedule of operating hours for pumpout facilities
Schedule of operating hours for dump stations
Fees for pumpout facilities and dump stations
Owners/operators for pumpout facilities and dump stations
Operating capacity of pumpout facilities
Accessibility of pumpout facilities and dump stations
Maintenance plans for pumpout facilities and dump stations
Completion schedule for proposed pumpout facilities and dump stations
Maximum draught of vessels excluded from pumpout facilities
Mean low water depth adjacent to pumpout facilities
Mean low water and draught limitations for dump stations
Maximum height limitations for pumpout facilities and dump stations
Percentage of vessels precluded from using facilities in the area
Waste disposal methods for pumpout facilities
Waste disposal methods for dump stations
Number of vessels (regular & transient) that use the proposed area
Estimated number or percentage of vessels with Type ill MSDs
Enforcement plan to be used after approval as No Discharge Area
Existing/proposed local ordinances related to vessel sewage discharges
Public education/information program related to boater waste disposal
Existing point source pollution in proposed area
Related
Application
Req.#
1
1
• 1
. 2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
	 4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
-
-
-
-
Essen-
tial
•


•



_ ^_

•






•
•



•""

•





Optional

T~
^

	 7 	
V
V

7

	 1 	 "
V
V
• 7"
	 3 	
V
.-J . ...


V
	 V 	
V

V

	 •? 	
	 T "
V
3
V
To be completed by applicant
Planning & Development Stage
Include in
Applica-
tion?
Yes
•


•



•

•







•
•



•

•





No

	



























Need to
Collect
Info.

	



























Data
Collection
Com-
pleted






























Pre-Submittal Stage
Info.
Segment
Com-
pleted






























Applica-
tion
Section
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3.1
.2.3.2
	 233' 	
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
   Bold = Information required by regulation

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r
               Section 5: Relationship of CWA §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area
                    Application Requirements to Other Federal Programs
                  How can information developed for the Clean Vessel Act
                  Pumpout Grant Program and Coastal Nonpoint Pollution
                     Control Program be used to apply  for approval of a
                             CWA  §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area?
             Many state and local governments have already prepared and submitted applications to
             the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program to receive grants for pumpout and dump
             stations from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under provisions of the Clean Vessel
             Act.  The coastal zone management offices of some states with approved coastal zone
             management plans may  have already developed  or started developing their Coastal
             Nonpoint Pollution Control Program and its related management measures and practices.
             These states potentially have a head start on the information collection process required
             to fulfill the No Discharge Area application requirements stated in 40  CFR §140.4(a).

             Exhibit 4 shows the linkages between each Clean Water Act (CWA)  §312(f)(3) No
             Discharge Area application requirement and elements of the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout
             Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines and the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
             Amendment (CZARA) Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating.
             The relevant sections of  the Clean Vessel Act technical guidelines are:

               •      Section 1.  Waters most likely to be affected by the discharge of sewage from
                      vessels.

               •      Section 2.  Surveys of pumpout stations and dump stations.

               •      Section  3.  What constitutes adequate and  reasonably  available pumpout
                      stations and dump stations in boating areas.

               «      Section 4.  Plans for constructing pumpout stations and dump stations.

               •      Section 5.  Education/information.

               •      Section 6.  Appropriate methods for disposal of vessel sewage from pumpout
                      stations and dump stations.

               «      Section 7.  Types of marine boat sewage pumpout stations and dump stations
                      that  may  be  appropriate  for construction,  renovation,  operation,  or
                      maintenance, and appropriate location of the stations and facilities within a
                      marina or boatyard.

               *      Section 8.  Other information.
             Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      5-1          Federal Program Relationships

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The relevant CZARA management measures for marinas and recreational boating3 are:

   •      Management Measure  IBB:   Water Quality Assessment.  Assess  water
         quality as part of marina siting and design.

   •      Management Measure IIC:  Habitat Assessment.   Site and design marinas
         to protect against adverse effects on shellfish resources, wetlands, submerged
         aquatic vegetation, or other important riparian and  aquatic habitat areas  as
         designated by local, state, or Federal governments.

   •      Management Measure IIG: Sewage Facility. Install pumpout, dump station,
         and restroom facilities where needed at new and expanding marinas to reduce
         the release of sewage to  surface waters.  Design these facilities to allow ease
         of access and post signage to promote use by the boating public.

   •      Management Measure IIBF:  Public Education. Public education/outreach/
         training programs should be instituted for boaters, as well as marina owners
         and operators, to prevent improper disposal of polluting material.

   •      Management Measure IIIG:  Maintenance of Sewage Facilities.  Ensure
         that sewage pumpout facilities are maintained in operational condition and
         encourage their use.

Each No Discharge Area application requirement from 40 CFR §140.4(a) is shaded in
the exhibit.   Below this  shaded area, both  the essential and optional application
information components are listed. In the two columns to the right of each information
component, the relevant section of the Clean Vessel Act technical  guidelines or the
CZARA management measures is listed.  If any of these activities have recently been
completed, then all or some of the  information can be applied to the EPA No Discharge
Area application.  As stated in the Clean Vessel Act technical  guidelines,  and noted in
a footnote in Exhibit 4:

   States should not consider "adequate and reasonably available" under  the Clean
   Vessel Act to satisfy all requirements  for determining "No Discharge Areas" under
   the Clean Water Act. A separate review and determination would have to be made
   by the EPA for Clean Water Act designation of a "No Discharge Area."

this statement indicates that  a state  or local area will not receive approval as a No
Discharge  Area simply from  the information provided during application for funds
through the Clean Vessel  Act grant.   Separate U.S. government agencies determine
which states and local areas qualify for the Clean Vessel Act grants and the approval of
   A copy of CZARA management measures for marinas and recreational boating (Chapter 5 in "Guidance
   Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters") may be
   obtained from Rod Frederick at EPA, Office of Water, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds,
   Assessment and Watershed Protection Division.
 Federal Program Relationships           5-2       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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a No Discharge Area.  The U.S. Department of Fish  and Wildlife Service reviews
applications for the Clean Vessel Act grants and the EPA reviews the applications for No
Discharge Area approval.  Complete guidelines for the No Discharge Area application
process under CWA §312 are provided in Section 4.
 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      5-3          Federal Program Relationships

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                                                                                                  Exhibit 4
Linkages Between CWA  §312(f)(3) "No  Discharge Area"
Application Requirements And Elements Of Other
Programs
    CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
         Application Requirements 1
    Clean Vessel Act Technical
           Guidelines 2
 CZARA Management Measures for
 Marinas and Recreational Boating3
 ;'!(i^^i'A-ce^0afi^,ttikt:the-protection and  •

             ^fell^viiriim^iy,;;, :. '.
     Certification of necessity for greater
     environmental protection

     Description of specific resources
     Fecal coliform data and other water quality
     data
  (2) "A map showing the location of commercial
     -^"^"tiorial plimp^out facilities"
 Section 1: Identify waters most
 likely to be affected by the discharge
 of sewage from vessels
 Section 1
• N.A.
 N.A.
• Management Measure IIC: Habitat
 Assessment

• Management Measure IIB: Water
 Quality Assessment
   • Location of existing and proposed pumpout
     facilities, dump stations, and restrooms within
     and adjacent to the proposed area
  If a coastal state, Section 2: Surveys of
  pumpout stations and dump stations
  N.A.
 N.A. = Not applicable (no corresponding element exists)
 Note: According to the Federal Register (Vol. 59, No. 47): "States should not consider 'adequate and reasonably available' under the Clean Vessel Act to satisfy
 all requirements for determining 'No Discharge Areas' under the Clean Water Act. A separate review and determination would have to be made by the EPA for
 Clean Water Act designation of a 'No Discharge Area'". Column 1 contains both the essential and optional application elements.

-------
                                                                                                       Exhibit 4
Linkages Between CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
Application Requirements And Elements Of Other
Programs (Cont'd)
   CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
       Application Requirementsl
      Clean Vessel Act Technical
              Guidelines 2
CZARA Management Measures for
 Marinas and Recreational Boating 3
 '**< "tt i ' «° ' "' 7 » C ^'i'X"'"*^« '£'^J'/^; QlX''\'''*,''•£''' ''•' "'<-'',," '' ''",
 (3) 'Wdesfcnj^                       -•>



 • Number, location, and type of facilities
 If a coastal state, Section 2. If an inland state,
 Section 3: What constitutes adequate and
 reasonably available pumpout stations and
 dump stations in boating areas
 N.A.
         mi^^
 1 Schedule of operating hours for each facility
 1 Fee schedule for each facility
  Owners/operators of each facility
  Operating capacity of each facility
  Accessibility of each facility



  1 Maintenance plans for each pumpout facility

  1 Completion schedule for proposed facilities
•N.A.
• For facilities proposed for Clean Vessel Act
 Grant, requirement #6 of the proposal: Fees
 for use of facility
• If a coastal state, Section 2
• Section 7: Types of marine boat sewage
 pumpout stations and dump stations that may
 be appropriate for construction, renovation,
 operation, or maintenance, and appropriate
 location of the stations and facilities within a
 marina or boatyard
• If a coastal state, Section 4 (for facilities
 proposed for Clean Vessel Act Grant): Plans
 for constructing pumpout stations and dump
. stations
• If a coastal state, Section 4 (for facilities
 proposed for Clean Vessel Act Grant)
• If a coastal state, Section 4
•N.A.
•N.A.
 N.A.
 •N.A.
 'N.A.
 1 Management Measure IIIG:
 Maintenance of Sewage Facilities
 >N.A.
 N.A. = Not applicable (no corresponding element exists)
 Note: According to the Federal Register (Vol. 59, No. 47): "States should not consider 'adequate and reasonably available' under the Clean Vessel Act to satisfy
 all requirements for determining 'No Discharge Areas' under the Clean Water Act. A separate review and determination would have to be made by the EPA for
 Clean Water Act designation of a 'No Discharge Area'". Column 1 contains both the essential and optional application elements.

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T)
                                                                                                      Exhibit 4

P.
o
     Linkages Between CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
     Application Requirements And Elements  Of Other
     Programs (Cont'd)
        CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
        	Application Requirements 1
                                          Clean Vessel Act Technical
                                                Guidelines2
                                  CZARA Management Measures for
                                   Marinas and Recreational Boating3
<
I
VI
O

I
era
o
O
c.
I
      • Maximum draught of vessels excluded from
       each facility
      • Mean low water depth adjacent to the
       facilities
      • Maximum height of vessel excluded from
       each facility
      • Percentage of vessels precluded from using
       facilities
                                   • Section 3

                                   • If coastal state, Section 4
                                     For all states, Section 7
                                   • N.A.

                                   • N.A.
                                   Management Measure IIG: Siting
                                   and Design of Sewage Facilities
                                   Management Measure IIG

                                   Management Measures IIG

                                   N.A.
                       jnt treafrheiit of , x , V
                         ral law1! V
                                    in =
1 Narrative description of methods that will be
 used to dispose of sewage collected from
 vessels
Section 6 (for facilities proposed for Clean
Vessel Act Grant): Appropriate methods
for disposal of vessel sewage from
pumpout stations and dump stations
                                                                             • N.A.
       N.A. = Not applicable (no corresponding element exists)
       Note: According to the Federal Register (Vol. 59, No. 47): "States should not consider 'adequate and reasonably available' under the Clean Vessel Act to satisfy
       all requirements for determining 'No Discharge Areas' under the Clean Water Act. A separate review and determination would have to be made by the EPA for
       Clean Water Act designation of a 'No Discharge Area"'. Column 1 contains both the essential and optional application elements.

-------
                                                                                                          Exhibit 4
oo
2
55
O
•8
Linkages Between CWA  §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
Application Requirements And Elements Of Other
Programs  (Cont'd)
   CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
        Application Requirements *
                                            Clean Vessel Act Technical
                                                   Guidelines 2
CZARA Management Measures for
Marinas and Recreational Boating 3
u>

                         |Sff5f >* - •¥?«;

• Total number of recreational and
 commercial vessels that use the proposed
 area regularly and on a transient basis
• Estimated number or percentage of vessels
 with Type HI MSDs
        Description of enforcement plan after
        approval of No Discharge Area
        Summary of existing or proposed local
        ordinances enacted to enhance regulation of
        vessel sewage discharges
        Description of public education/information
        program
        Description of existing point source pollution
        (e.g., sewage treatment plants) that impacts
        the water quality in the proposed area
                                            • If a coastal state, Section 2. If an inland
                                              state, Section 3

                                            • If a coastal state, Section 2
                                               *».*•> '&*&>xi*.
                                       N.A.

                                       N.A.


                                       Section 5: Education/Information

                                       N.A.
                                                                            N.A.
                                                                            N.A.
                                                                             Management Measure IIIG

                                                                             N.A.
                                                                           • Management Measure IIIF:
                                                                             Public Education
                                                                           . N.A.
  .
o
I
  140 CFR § 140.4; "Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking No-Discharge Area Designation for New England Coastal Waters," EPA,
   Region 1,1991.

  2 Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10, 1994.

  •^"Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters," EPA, 1993.

 N.A. = Not applicable (no corresponding element exists)
 Note: According to the Federal Register (Vol. 59, No. 47): "States should not consider 'adequate and reasonably available' under the Clean Vessel Act to satisfy
 all requirements for determining 'No Discharge Areas' under the Clean Water Act. A separate review and determination would have to be made by the EPA for
 Clean Water Act designation of a 'No Discharge Area'". Column 1 contains both the essential and optional application elements.

-------
         Section 6:  Strategies to Achieve  Compliance in the
                            No Discharge Area
       What steps can be taken to achieve compliance in the
             No Discharge Area after approval by EPA?
Seeking approval of a No Discharge Area is part of a comprehensive approach to protect
coastal waters from  vessel sewage.   Strategies to  achieve compliance with the no
discharge restrictions should also be viewed as an integral part of the approach.  Two
strategies to achieve  compliance are discussed in this chapter — public outreach and
enforcement.

6.1      Public Outreach

The terms "public  outreach" and "public  awareness" are sometimes used  to describe
educational programs, products, and activities geared toward the  public  on  a particular
issue or topic. Scarce resources and competing priorities within  enforcement agencies
increase  the  importance of  achieving  voluntary   compliance  with  vessel  sewage
restrictions. Thus, education (or public awareness) of those affected by these restrictions
becomes a keystone hi achieving compliance.  The discussion which follows focuses on
the principle  parts  of public outreach.  A companion document, Recreational Vessel
Sewage Discharge Control:  A Primer for State and Local Outreach Campaigns, shows
how the parts can be  structured into an outreach campaign.

6.1.1     Public Outreach Campaign versus Public Outreach Product

Before proceeding with a discussion of the parts of public outreach, it  is important to
understand  the distinction between an outreach campaign and  an outreach product.
Essentially, the campaign is the overall  structure  and  vision under which outreach
products (e.g., brochures, pamphlets, press  releases  etc.)  are  developed and  used.
Products are the tools used to get across a particular message to  a target audience.  In
the long run developing and using outreach products within the context of  an outreach
campaign can be cost effective hi terms of time and budget.

6.1.2     Parts of  a Public Outreach Campaign

Typically, there are five principle components that must be defined when developing and
implementing a successful public outreach campaign:

   •      Goal of the campaign;
   •      Target audience;
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance       6-1        Strategies to Achieve Compliance

-------
   ••     Purpose or message of the outreach material;
   ••     Outreach tools; and
   ••     Budget considerations.

Exhibit 5 shows the relationships of these parts.  To reach its goal, a successful public
outreach  campaign combines the message selected for the targeted audience with the
appropriate public outreach tool. Budget considerations affect the number of messages
and the tools which can be used.

Goal  of  the Campaign.   The goal  of a public outreach campaign promoting the
protection of coastal waters from vessel sewage discharges is to increase proper disposal
of vessel sewage through public and industry awareness and understanding of the:

   ••     Consequences of improper disposal;
   ••     Proper handling and disposal of vessel sewage;
   «•     Need for adequate pumpout facility and dump station capacity at marinas;
   ••     Laws and regulations for handling vessel sewage; and
   «•     Stakeholders' (e.g.,  boaters,  marina  owners/operators,  Publicly Owned
         Treatment Works) roles in solving the problem.

Target Audience.   There are a number of potential target audiences for state and local
public outreach campaigns  promoting  proper  disposal of vessel sewage.     Three,
however, are recommended as the initial target audiences:

   *     Boaters;     ,^
   *     Marina owners/operators; and
   «•     Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs).

Many of the concerns with vessel sewage discharges stem from low compliance with No
Discharge Area regulations by the boating public, inadequate pumpout facility and dump
station capacity  and availability at marinas, and reluctance on the part  of POTWs to
accept vessel sewage.  This is a push-pull situation with simultaneous action  needed on
all three fronts to  solve  the  problem.  There are subcategories of potential target
audiences within these three groups as  well.  For example, part of a public outreach
campaign could be directed at recreational  fishers, or operators of motor boats or sail
boats instead of all boaters.  Similarly, part of an outreach campaign might be directed
at owners/operators of new facilities or at  facilities of a certain  size as  opposed to all
marina owners/operators.

Purpose/Message.  Public outreach products are developed to accomplish one or more
of the following purposes:

   *      Motivate.   The purpose here is to generate interest or stimulate action, such
          as encouraging boaters to assume responsibility for proper sewage handling or
Strategies to Achieve Compliance        6-2      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

-------
                                                       Exhibit 5
Relationship Of The Parts Of A Public
Outreach Campaign
                               Goal
                       Increase proper disposal of
                           vessel sewage
   Purpose/Message
  • Motivate
  Inform
  Instruct
                             Audience
                      • Boaters
                      • Marina owners/operators
                      •POTWs
                        Budget Considerations
                      • Message development
                      • Product
                      • Reproduction
                      • Distribution
                 Public Outreach Tools
                 • Printed materials
                 • Visual materials
                 • Novelties
                 • Formal media
   Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
6-3
Strategies to Achieve Compliance

-------
         volunteer services to encourage installation of pumpout facilities at marinas.
         A discussion of the consequences of sewage discharges from vessels is an
         example of a message whose purpose is to  motivate boaters to voluntarily
         prohibit sewage disposal from their vessels.

   •     Inform. The purpose here is to provide background knowledge or other types
         of information which will facilitate compliance. Maps  of pumpout facilities
         and copies of regulations on sewage discharges from vessels are examples of
         informational messages.

   •     Instruct.  The purpose here is to  provide  instruction or to teach so that
         learning can take place.  Tips on how to use pumpout facilities and dump
         stations or the types of MSD equipment available to boaters are examples of
         instructional messages.

Since each potential audience has a somewhat different  role in solving the problem, the
purpose of the public outreach will differ somewhat among these audiences.  Exhibit  6
provides examples  of the  purpose of public outreach activities for  boaters, marina
owners/operators, and POTWs.

Public Outreach Tools.  Public outreach tools typically fall into one of four categories:

   •     Printed Materials.  The print category  includes manuals,  coloring  books,
         pamphlets/brochures, fact sheets, flyers,  and  thematic folders/packets.

   •     Visual Materials.  The visual category includes videotapes, display booths,
         posters, and placards.

   •     Novelties. The novelties category includes stickers/bumper stickers, magnets,
         phis, and clothing (e.g., hats).

   •     Formal Media.  The formal media category includes industry publications,
         public service announcements, press releases, and public speaking assignments.

Matching Messages, Target Audiences, and Tools to Meet the Goal. Some public
outreach tools, such as pamphlets and thematic folders, are versatile enough  to be used
to motivate, inform, and/or instruct and for all types  of audiences.   Others are more
limited in the  type of message or the target audience for which they  work well.  For
example, stickers would not be used for instructional material nor  would coloring books
be  appropriate for marina operators.   Exhibit 7 identifies  public outreach tools and
matches them with appropriate messages. Exhibit 8 matches examples of public outreach
tools with appropriate target audiences.
Strategies to Achieve Compliance        6-4       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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                                                            Exhibit 6
Target Audiences* And Potential Messages
For A Public Outreach Campaign  On
Sewage Discharges From Vessels
Boaters
Low compliance with
existing MSD regulations
• Consequences of vessel sewage
 discharges
• Location of pumpout facilities
• MSD regulations
Marina Owners/
Operators
Inadequate pumpout
capacity at marinas
• Consequences of vessel sewage
discharges
• Description of types of pumpout facilities
• Need for improved pumpout
 capacity/availability
POTWs
Reluctance to accept vesse
sewage
1 Awareness of issue/solutions
1 Cooperation in accepting vessel sewage
* Additional audiences may be identified, but for the purposes of this document efforts are
 concentrated on these three audiences.
     Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
               6-5
   Strategies to Achieve Compliance

-------
                                             Exhibit 7
Summary Of Public Outreach Tools By
Purpose Of Message





Printed Materials
• Manual
» Coloringbook
• Pamphlet/
brochure
•pact sheet
* Fiver
• Thematic folder/
packet
Visual Materials
'Videotape
• Display booth
'Poster
'Placard
Novelties
« Sticker/bumper
sticker
•Magnet
•Pin
• Clothing
Formal Media
• Industry
Duplication 	
• Public service
announcement
'Press release
'Public speaking






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Strategies to Achieve Compliance
6-6
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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a
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                                                      Exhibit 8
     Examples Of Public Outreach Tools Appropriate To
     Target Audiences
O

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8

Target Audience
Boaters
Marina
Owners/Operators
POTWs
Printed Materials
Manual

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-------
Budget Considerations. In matching target audiences, messages, and public outreach
tools, the distribution technique to be used and the cost of the tool need to be considered.
Public outreach products can be distributed  to  the target audience  either directly or
indirectly.  Direct techniques include mailings and distribution at events, conferences,
or  other  gatherings.    With indirect  distribution,  the  products  are  given to  an
intermediary, such as  a trade association, to distribute to the target audience.

Total costs of public outreach products correspond to the four phases  of developing and
disseminating public outreach materials:

   •     Message development.   This is the phase  during which  the theme of the
         product is identified and the text copy prepared. For example, for a public
         awareness brochure for boaters the message development phase could prepare
         the text and graphics  on the  consequences of improper sewage discharges.
         The goal of this phase is to develop the message using a clear design.  Costs
         can be controlled and the outreach materials enhanced if a  standard theme is
         established  initially  and used as the  foundation for all outreach products
         developed on  a particular topic.  A theme could be  a logo, slogan, colors,
         character (e.g., Smokey  the  Bear), or more likely a combination of these
         techniques.  The common thread throughout all the products  makes them easily
         recognizable as part of an outreach campaign.  The common theme is essential
         for maximizing the public's  exposure to the issue.   Costs are  controlled
         because the design process does not start over with each successive outreach
         product developed.

   •     Product. This is the phase during which the theme is developed into a public
         outreach product.  For the same public awareness brochure for boaters used
         as  an  example above,  the  text and graphics prepared in the message
         development phase would be incorporated into a brochure layout and a camera-
         ready original prepared in the product phase.  In this phase, it is important to
         remember that the number of colors chosen affects ultimate reproduction costs.
         A maximum of two colors is recommended for the most cost-effective public
         outreach products.

   •     Reproduction.  This is the phase hi which the required number of copies of
         the product is made.  For the reproduction phase, it is important to remember
         that typically  the unit price of reproducing the product will decrease as the
         number of copies  to be reproduced increases.

   •     Distribution.  In this phase, the product is distributed to the target audience.
         For the distribution phase, it is important to remember that distribution costs
         can be minimized  by having other groups or organizations absorb some of the
         distribution costs.  In the example of a public awareness brochure for boaters,
         this  could  be accomplished  by  providing quantities of the brochure to
         appropriate trade associations  or vessel registration agencies,  and having them
         distribute the brochure directly to the boaters.  When  direct mailing of
Strategies to Achieve Compliance        6-8       Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

-------
         materials is used for distribution, bulk mailings, using up-to-date and well-
         targeted mailing lists, can reduce costs. The distribution technique should be
         factored into the development of public outreach products from the beginning
         since the materials  should  be tailored to the method of distribution.   For
         example, materials to be mailed should fit into standard-size envelopes or have
         the mailing panel incorporated into the layout or design.

Again, a companion document,  Recreational Vessel Sewage Discharge Control:  A
Primer for State and Local Outreach Campaigns,  focuses on: 1) how the parts of a public
outreach strategy discussed  - target  audience,  purpose/message,  and tools -  can be
structured into an outreach campaign  and 2) the  budget considerations which affect the
decisions which shape the campaign.

6.2     Enforcement

The second component of a strategy to achieve compliance with no discharge restrictions
is enforcement.  Section 312(k) of the Clean Water  Act, as amended,  states:

   "The provisions of this section shall be enforced by the Secretary of the Department
   hi  which the Coast Guard  is operating and he may utilize by  agreement, with or
   without reimbursement, law enforcement officers or other personnel of the  (EPA)
   Administrator, other Federal agencies, or the states to carry  out provisions  of this
   section.  The provisions of this section may also  be enforced by a State."

This section provides three methods for enforcement:

   •     States  (States  may  delegate enforcement  authority  to  local enforcement
         officials, e.g., harbormasters, public health officials, and police);

   •     Federal and state officials through agreement between  the U.S. Coast Guard
         and Federal and state agencies; and

   •     U.S.  Coast Guard under a MOU with  a state can enforce the state provisions
         of  an  approved  No  Discharge  Area (technically,  the Secretary  of  the
         Department in which the Coast  Guard is operating, which is currently the
         Department of Transportation).

Examples of techniques used to enforce No Discharge Areas include the following:

   •     Dye Tablets.  Fluorescent  dye tablets are  sometimes  placed in the holding
         tanks and  marine  heads of moored vessels hi a No Discharge Area.  If an
         illegal discharge occurs within the No Discharge Area, the  effluent is easily
         identifiable.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance      6-9        Strategies to Achieve Compliance

-------
   •     Sealing the Y-Valve.  The Y-valve, which allows direct overboard discharges,
         is sometimes required to be sealed in a closed position when the vessel is in
         a No Discharge Area.

   •     Condition of Mooring and Slip Rental. Marinas and other boating facilities
         located hi a No Discharge Area sometimes require the  use  of  pumpout
         facilities as a condition of mooring or slip  rental.

   •     Vessel Boardings. At some marinas in No Discharge Areas, vessels  that have
         been moored for a specified number of days (e.g.,  more than 4 days) are
         boarded to check for compliance.

   •     Water  Quality  Monitoring.   In  some areas,  water quality monitoring is
         conducted during heavy boating weekends  to monitor compliance.

   •     Presence of Enforcement Officials. In  some areas, enforcement officials
         police  for violators hi No  Discharge Areas.

Even with  these enforcement techniques, it is generally  recognized  that an  effective
public outreach effort is needed to  complement, and supplement enforcement efforts.
Public outreach fosters voluntary compliance. Enforcement techniques, through fines for
violators, reinforce the need for behavior modification and also encourage voluntary
compliance.
Strategies to Achieve Compliance       6-10      Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance

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                Appendix A:



Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs

-------
Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs

This appendix serves as a starting point for readers interested in marina-generated discharges by
providing  an overview,  including program  objective,  key contact,  fact sheets,  and other
information, for each of  two significant  Federal programs  that address marina-generated
discharges that are not related to vessels.  These programs are:

   •      National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Storm Water Program; and
   •      Wetlands Program.

Programs  which address both vessel sewage and other  marina-generated discharges (e.g.,
contaminants from vessel-related maintenance and repairs conducted at marinas) are summarized
in Appendix B.

Exhibits A-l  and A-2 provide an overview of each program using  the following standard
categories:

•  Area of Focus/Program Objective.  Intent and purpose of the program.

•  Pertinence  to Control of Marina Discharges.  Relevance  of program to marina pollution
   control and prevention.

•  Authorized Agency.  Agency authorized/required by legislation to implement the program.

•  Key Contact.   Agency,  office, address,  and telephone number to contact for additional
   program information.  (If regional EPA contacts  are necessary for more specific information,
   a map showing the EPA regions of the U.S. is provided at the end of this appendix in Exhibit
   A-3).

•  Legislative Authority.  Statute authorizing/requiring implementation of the program.

•  Additional Information. List of significant supplementary sources for additional program
   information.

Following each program overview are several fact sheets or excerpts from documents that provide
additional information about the program.
Appendix A                              A-l        Storm Water and Wetlands Programs

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This page is intentionally left blank.
 Storm Water and Wetlands Programs        A-2                              Appendix A

-------
                                                                         Exhibit A-1
National  Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES)  Storm Water Program
        Area of Focus/Program
        Objective:
Protection of waters from pollutants contained in storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity
        Pertinence to Control
        of Marina Discharges:
•  Regulates storm water runoff discharges from marina facilities
   and grounds (e.g., runoff from parking lot, maintenance/repair
   areas)
•  Takes precedence over Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control
   Program for project selection and enforcement action
        Authorized Agency:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
        Key Contact:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
Permits Division
NPDES Program Branch
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington,  D.C. 20460
(202)260-9541
                             or
                             See following page for EPA Regional Storm Water Contact List
        Legislative
        Authorization:
Clean Water Act §402
        Additional
        Information:
   "Overview of the Storm Water Program," October 1993 (full
   copy attached; also available from Key Contact)
   "Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities,"
   September 1992 (excerpt attached; full copy available from
   Key Contact, #EPA-832-R-92-006)
   "Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of
   Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters," January 1993 (excerpts
   attached; full copy available from EPA, Office of Water,
   Nonpoint Source Control Branch, #EPA-840-B-92-002)
   "Storm Water Q's and A's," March 1992 (excerpt attached)
   "Storm Water Fact Sheet: General Pollution Prevention Plan
   Requirements" (full copy attached)
       Appendix A
              A-3
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs

-------
Overview of the
Storm Water
Program
   EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
Permits Division
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460

October 1993

-------
                EPA Regional Storm Water Contact List
Region I
Water Management Division
Waste Water Management Branch
(617) 565-3560

Region II
Water Management Division
Water Permits and Compliance Branch
(212) 264-9894

Region III
Water Management Division
Permits Enforcement Branch
(215) 597-6510

Region IV
Water Management Division
Water Permits and Enforcement Branch
(404) 347-2019

Region V
Water Division
Water Compliance Branch
(312) 353-2121
     Region VI
     Water Management Division
     Permits Branch
     (214) 655-7170

     Region VII
     Water Management Division
     Water Compliance Branch
     (913) 551-7034

     Region VIII
     Water Management Division
     NPDES Branch
     (303) 293-1623

     Region IX
     Water Management Division
     Permits and Compliance Branch
     (415) 744-1877

     Region X
     Water Division
     Wastewater Management and
      Enforcement Branch
     (206) 553-1728
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
A-4
Appendix A

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                                    STORM WATER PROGRAM

                                           BACKGROUND

     The 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA, also referred to as the Clean
     Water Act or CWA) prohibit the discharge  of any pollutant to waters of the United States from a point
     source unless the discharge is authorized by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
     permit. Efforts to improve water quality under the NPDES program traditionally have focused on reducing
     pollutants  in discharges of industrial process wastewater and from municipal sewage treatment plants.
     Efforts to address storm water discharges under the NPDES program have generally been limited to certain
     industrial categories with effluent limitations for storm water.

     In response to the need for comprehensive NPDES requirements for discharges of storm water, Congress
     amended the CWA in 1987 to require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish phased
     NPDES requirements for storm water discharges. To implement these requirements, EPA published the ini-
     tial permit application requirements for certain categories of storm water discharges associated with indus-
     trial activity, and discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems located in  municipalities with' a
     population of 100,000 or more on November 16, 1990, (55 FR 47990). Storm water discharge permits will
     provide a mechanism for monitoring the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States and for
     establishing appropriate controls.

                                   ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

     Pollutants  in storm water discharges from many sources are largely uncontrolled. The "National Water
     Quality Inventory, 1990 Report to Congress" provides a general assessment of water quality based on bien-
     nial reports submitted by the States under Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. The Report indicates that
     roughly 30% of identified cases of  water quality impairment are attributable to storm water discharges.
     The States identified a number of major sources of storm water runoff that cause water quality  impacts
     including separate storm sewers, construction, waste disposal, and resource extraction.

                              INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES COVERED

     EPA has defined the term "storm water discharge associated with industrial activity*1 in a comprehensive
     manner to address over 100,000 facilities (see Attachment VII for a complete definition). All storm water
     discharges  associated with industrial activity that discharge through municipal separate storm sewer sys-
     tems or that discharge directly to waters of the U.S., are required to obtain NPDES permit coverage, includ-
     ing those which discharge through systems located in municipalities with a population of less than 100,000.
     Discharges of storm water to a sanitary sewer system or to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) are
     excluded. Facilities with storm water discharges associated with industrial activity include: manufacturing
     facilities; construction operations disturbing 5 or more acres; hazardous waste treatment, storage, or dispos-
     al facilities; landfills; certain sewage treatment plants; recycling facilities; powerplants; mining operations;
     some oil and gas operations; airports; and certain other transportation facilities. Operators of industrial
     facilities that are Federally, State or municipally owned or operated that meet the description of the facili-
     ties listed in 40 CFR 122.26XbX14)(iHxi) must also submit applications.

                                TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1991

     The Transportation Act of 1991 provides an exemption from storm water permitting requirements for cer-
     tain industrial activities owned or operated by municipalities with a population of less than 100,000. Such
     municipalities must submit storm water discharge permit applications for only airports, powerplants, and
     uncontrolled sanitary landfills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the permit-
     ting authority. The Transportation Act of 1991  also revises group application deadlines for facilities that
     are owned or operated by municipalities with a population of less than 250,000.  See Attachment II for
     revised deadlines.
October, 1993

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^•'.r~»t*«T'Ht''
                                   9th CIRCUIT COURT DECISION

      The 9th Circuit United States Court of Appeals' opinion in NRDC v. EPA (June 4,1992) and the opinion in
      AMC v. EPA (May 27, 1992), affirmed and upheld the basic structure and direction of the national storm
      water program.  In "NRDC", the Court upheld the definition of "municipal separate storm sewer system,"
      the standards for municipal storm water controls,  the scope of storm water requirements for oil and gas
      operations, and EPA's decision not to provide public comment on Part 1  group industrial permit applica-
      tions.  On the question of deadlines, the Court noted that the storm water  application deadlines clearly
      exceeded statutory requirements, but refused to "roll back" the  current regulatory deadlines.  The Court
      also emphasized, however, that any further regulatory extension would be illegal.  In two other areas the
      Court invalidated and remanded for further proceedings two regulatory exemptions from the definition of
      "storm water discharges associated with industrial activity":  (1) the exemption for construction sites dis-
      turbing less than 5 acres of land (category x), and (2) the exemption of certain "light" manufacturing facili-
      ties without exposure of materials and activities to storm  water (category xi).  In response to these two
      remands, the Agency intends to conduct further rulemaking proceedings on construction activities under 5
      acres and light industry without exposure as ordered by the Court.  EPA will not require permit applications
      for construction sites disturbing less than 5 acres of land and category xi facilities without exposure until
      this further rulemaking is completed.  In  "AMC," the Court upheld EPA's regulation of storm water dis-
      charges from inactive mines.

                               INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OPTIONS

      The November 16, 1990* storm water regulation presents three permit application options for storm water
      discharges associated with industrial activity. The first option is to submit an individual application con-
      sisting of Forms 1 and 2F.  The second option is to participate in a group application. This option, howev-
      er, is no longer available as the deadlines have passed.  The third option is to file a Notice of Intent (NOI)
      to be covered under a general permit in accordance with the requirements of an issued general permit The
      following overview briefly outlines each of these three options and the subsequent attachments provide a
      more detailed explanation.
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                                     Overview of the Storm Water Program
                           A.  INDIVIDUAL APPLICATIONS

Operators of facilities with storm water discharges associated with industrial activity who did not partici-
pate in a group application or did not obtain coverage under a general permit, must submit an individual
application consisting of Form  1 and Form 2F.  The information required in Form 2F includes a site
drainage map, a narrative description of the site identifying potential pollutant sources, and quantitative
testing data.  There are specific requirements for construction activities and oil and gas operations and min-
ing operations. See Attachment I for additional information.

                              B. GROUP APPLICATIONS

The group application procedure was an option available for facilities that have similar industrial opera-
tions, waste  streams and other characteristics.  Group applications reduced the burden on the regulated
community by requiring  the submission of quantitative data from only selected members of the group.  The
group application was submitted in two parts.  Pan 1 of the application identified all participants, provided
facility specific information and  proposed a representative sampling subgroup.  Part 2 of the application
consists of sampling  data from each member of the sampling subgroup identified in Part 1 of the applica-
tion. See Attachment n for additional information.

                    C. GENERAL PERMIT - NOI REQUIREMENTS

Industrial storm water dischargers that submit an NOI to be covered by the general permit are not required
to submit an individual permit application or participate in a group application, provided the discharger is
eligible for the permit and an individual permit application is not required by the Director on a case-by-case
basis. Submitting an NOI represents a significantly less burden than  submitting an individual application
or participating in a  group application.  The NOI requirements for general permits usually address only
general information and  typically do not require the collection of monitoring data,  Submittal of an NOI is
only possible where  applicable general permits have been issued by the permitting authority.  EPA has
finalized general permits for construction and industrial activity in the  12 States without NPDES authoriza-
tion (57 FR 41176, September 9,  1992 and 57 FR 44412, September 25,1992).  As of September 1993, 36
of the 39 authorized NPDES States have general permit authority. See Attachments HI, IV and V for addi-
tional information.

                 INDUSTRIAL PERMIT APPLICATION  DEADLINES

Type of Application
A . Individual
A Group
All industrial activities except
those owned or operated by a
municipality with a population of
100,000 to 250,000.
Industrial activities owned or
operated by a municipality with
a population of less than
250,000.
A General Permit NOI
Deadline
October 1, 1992
Part 1 Part 2
September 30, 1991 October 1, 1992
May 18,1992 May 17, 1993
October 1, 1992
(for EPA's general permits)

                                                                                          P53

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                               MUNICIPAL APPLICATIONS

"Municipal separate storm sewer" is defined as any conveyance or system of conveyances that is owned or
operated by a State or local government entity designed for collecting and conveying storm water which is
net part of a POTW.  The application requirements do not apply to discharges from combined sewers (sys-
tems designed as both a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer). Municipal separate storm sewer systems that
are addressed by the November 16, 1990, regulations include storm sewer systems located in 173 cities
with populations of 100,000 or more; located in 47 counties identified by EPA as having populations over
100,000 in unincorporated, urbanized areas; and systems that are designated by the Director based on con-
sideration of the location of the discharge with respect to waters of the United  States, the size of the dis-
charge, the quantity and nature of the pollutants discharged to waters of the United States, the interrelation-
ship to other regulated storm sewer systems, and other factors.  The operator of a designated system will be
notified by the Director. Under the November 16, 1990, storm water rule, those municipal separate storm
sewer systems identified must submit a two-part application.  The first part requires information regarding
existing programs and the means available to the municipality to control pollutants. In addition, part one
requires a field screening analysis of major outfalls to detect illicit connections.  Building on this informa-
tion, the second part requires a limited amount of representative quantitative data and a description of a
proposed storm water management plan.  See Attachment V for a detailed explanation of the two-pan
application process.
MUNICIPAL APPLICATIONS DEADLINES
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Large Municipalities
(over 250,000)
Medium Municipalities
(100,000-250.000)

" November 18, 1991
May 18, 1992
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November 16. 1992
May 17, 1993
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                                       Overview of the Storm Water Program
                                      ATTACHMENT I
                      INDIVIDUAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
  These requirements address storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that are not
  authorized by a general permit and that are not included in a group application.
  Application Forms
      A  Applicants for discharges composed entirely of storm water roust submit Forms 1 and 2F
      A  Applicants for discharges composed of storm water and process wastewater must submit
         Forms 1,2C, and 2F
      A  Applicants for new sources or new discharges composed of storm water and  non-storm
         water must submit Forms 1,2D, and 2F
      A  Applicants for discharges composed of storm water and nonprocess wastewater must submit
         Forms 1,2E, and 2F
      A  Authorized NPDES States may establish their own forms which are at least as stringent as
         EPA's forms.
      A  Forms are available from State jjerrnitting authorities for facilities located in NPDES autho-
         rized States,  or from EPA Regional Offices for  facilities located in States without NPDES
         authorization.
  Form 2F Requirements
      A  Site map showing topography and/or drainage areas and site characteristics.
      A  Estimate of impervious surface area and the total area drained by each outfall.
      A  Description of significant materials exposed to storm water, including current materials
         management practices.
      A  Certification  that outfalls have been tested or evaluated for the presence of non-storm water
         discharges that are not covered by a NPDES permit
      A  Information on significant leaks and spills in last 3 years.
      A  Quantitative testing data for the following parameters:
         - Any pollutants limited in an effluent  guideline to which the facility is subject
         - Any pollutant listed in the facility's NPDES permit  for process wastewater
         - Oil and jgrease, pH,  8005, COD, TSS, total phosphorus, nitrate plus nitrite  nitrogen, and
           total Kjeloahl nitrogen
         - Certain pollutants known to be in the discharge
         - Flow measurements or estimates
         - Date and duration of storm event
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
   Individual Application Requirements for Construction Activities
       A  Provide a narrative description of:
          - Location and nature of construction activity (including a map)
          - Total area of the site and area to be excavated
          - Proposed measures to control pollutants in storm water discharges during and after construc-
            tion operations
          - Estimate of runoff coefficient and increase in impervious areas after construction
          - Name of receiving water.
       A  No quantitative sampling.
       A  Application deadline
          . 90 days prior to date when construction begins.
       A  EPA has not developed a standard form for these discharges at this time (Form 2F is not
          required).
   Application Requirements for Oil & Gas Operations and Mining Operations
       A  Operators of oil & gas facilities are not required to  submit a permit application unless the
          facility:
          - Has had a discharge of a reportable quantity for which notice  is required under CERCLA or
            CWA in the past 3 years, or
          - Contributes to a violation of a water quality standard.
       A  Operators of active  and inactive mining sites are not required to submit permit applications
          unless the discharge has come into contact with any  overburden, raw material, intermediate
          or finished products, byproducts, or waste products located onsite (inactive coal mining
          operations released from SMCRA performance bonds and non-coal mining operations
          released from applicable State or Federal reclamation requirements after December 17,
           1990, are not required to submit permit applications).
   Available
   Guidance Manual For The Preparation of NPDES Permit Applications for Storm Water Discharges
   Associated with Industrial Activity (Order #PB92199058), available from NTIS, (703) 487-4650;
  AfPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document, available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703)
   82FZ823.
   Deadline
   October 1, 1992, or 180 days prior to commencement of a new discharge.
 074J-AI
                                             1-2
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                                      Overview of the Storm Water Program
                                     ATTACHMENT U

                         GROUP APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

Facilities that discharge storm water associated with industrial activity had until September 30, 1991. to
file Pan I of the group application in lieu of submitting a complete individual application or an NOI to
be covered by a general permit The Transportation Act of 1991, however, extended the group applica-
tion deadlines for certain industrial activities owned or operated by a municipality with a population of
100,000 to 250,000. Facilities that are part of the same effluent guideline subcategory or with similar
activities and operations were eligible  to submit a group application. EPA received 1,243 Part I group
applications covering approximately 60,000 facilities.

The group application was submitted in two parts.  Part 1 of the application was due by September 30,
1991, ana Part 2 of the application was due by October 1, 1992. These deadlines applied to all industri-
al activities except those owned or operated by a municipality with a population of 100,000 to 250,000.
For these facilities. Part 1 of the application was due by May 18, 1992, and Part 2 of the application is
due by May  17, 1993.  Both parts were submitted  directly to U.S. EPA Headquarters, Office of
Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance (EN-336), 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC  20460,
regardless of whether or irot the included facilities are in a  NPDES authorized  State.   The
Transportation Act  also addressed municipally owned or operated industrial activities that were denied
by EPA from the group application process.  Such facilities must submit an individual application or be
covered by a general permit within  180 days after  the denial was made, or by October 1, 1992,
whichever is later.

EPA is currently taking Both parts of the application and formulating model permit language. The com-
plete applications and model permit language will then be distributed to every NPDES authorized State
or EPA Region (if the State is not NPDES authorized) in which participants are located.  The State then
reviews the application and model permit language. The State may consider the application and model
permit language when  issuing permits  (either individual or general). The State may ask each or any of
the applicants for more information on their facility and/or discharge if the State needs additional infor-
mation. EPA Regional Offices will follow these same steps for participants located in States  without
NPDES authorization.
Parti
       A list of participants by name, location, and precipitation zone
       A summary of each participant's industrial activities
       An explanation of why the participants are sufficiently similar
       A list of significant materials stored outside by each participant and materials management
        practices
       A list of representative dischargers that will submit test data in Part 2.
Part 2
                                                                                      in
Quantitative testing data must be submitted by those facilities identified as "samplers'
Part I of the application.

- For groups of 4 to 20 members, 50 percent of the facilities must submit data; for groups with
  21 to 99, a minimum of 10 dischargers must submit quantitative data; for groups with 100 to
  1,000 members, a minimum of 10 percent of the facilities must submit data; for groups with
  greater than 1,000 members, no more than 100 facilities must submit data; there must be 2
  dischargers from each precipitation zone in which 10 or more  members of the group are
  located, or 1 discharger from each precipitation zone in which 9 or fewer members are locat-
  ed. Testing requirements are described under 40 CFR 122.2€(c)(l)(i)(E) and 40  CFR
  122.21(g)(7).
 October, 1993
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
   Additional Information
   A model group application accompanied by detailed information on how to complete both Part 1 and
   Part 2 group applications is available from uie Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4813. Technical support
   with regard to sampling procedures is also available from the hotline (NPDES Storm Water Sampling
   Guidance Document).
  Deadlines
         All Industrial Activities Except
         Those Owned Or Operated By
         A Municipality With A
         Population of 100,000 to
         250,000
A Industrial Activities Owned or
   Operated By A Municipality
   With A Population of 100,000
   to 250,000
         Part 1 - September 30.1991
         Part 2-October 1,1992
   Part 1 - May 18,1992
   Part 2-May 17,1993
                                            n-2
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                                       Overview of the Storm Water Progran
                                     ATTACHMENT HI

           EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS (GENERAL INFORMATION)

  On September 9 and 25, 1992, EPA issued general permits for construction and industrial activities (57
  EE-41176 and 44412) which are intended to initially coyer the majority of storm water discharges asso-
  ciated with industrial activity in 12 States and 6 territories without authorized NPDES programs. As of
  March 1993, 35 of the 39 authorized NPDES States have authority to issue general permits. Facilities
  in authorized NPDES States should contact their State permitting agencies to determine the status of the
  general.permitting program.  The following tables (Attachments  Ul, IV and V) outline conditions in
  EPA's general permits for industrial activities and construction activities.

  Areas of Coverage

      A  Region I— MA, ME, NH; Indian lands in MA, NH, ME. Region II—PR and Indian lands
         in NY. Region HI—DC, Federal facilities in DE. Region IV— FL; Indian lands in FL,
         MS. NC.  Region VI—LA, NM, OK, TX. Region VII—SD; Indian lands in CO, MT, ND,
         SD, UT (except Goshute Reservation and Navaio Reservation lands), WY; Federal facilities
         in CO; Ute Mountain Reservation in CO, ana NM.  Region IX— American Samoa and
         Guam; AZ; Territories of Johnston Atoll, and Midway and wake Island; Indian lands in CA,
         and NV;  Goshute Reservations in UT and NV, Navajo Reservations in UT, NM, and AZ,
         Duck Valley Reservation in NV and ED.  Region X—AK, and ID; Indian lands in AK, ID
         (except Duck Valley Reservation lands), and WA; Federal  facilities in WA.

  Types of Discharges Covered

      A  EPA's general permits cover the majority of storm water discharges associated with industri-
         al activity. Storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that cannot be autho-
         rized by EPA's general permits include those:

         -  With an existing effluent limitations guideline for storm water

         -  That are mixed with non-storm water, unless the non-storm water discharges are in compli-
           ance with a different NPDES permit

         -  With an existing NPDES individual or general permit  for the storm water discharges

         -  That are or may reasonably be expected to be contributing to a violation  of a water quality
           standard

         -  That are likely to adversely effect a listed or proposed to be listed endangered or threatened
           species or its critical habitat

         -  From inactive mining, or inactive oil and gas operations or inactive landfills occurring on
           Federal lands where an operator cannot be identified (industrial permit only).

  NOI Requirements

      A  A facility must submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) to be authorized by the general permit.

      A  NOI's do  not require the collection of discharge sampling data.

      A  Facilities  which discharge to a large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system must
         also submit signed copies of the NOI to the operator of the municipal system.

      A  Operators of construction activities  must also submit signed copies of the NOI to  State or
         local agencies approving sediment and erosion or storm water management plans under
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
          which the construction activity is operating.
   Deadlines for NOI's

       A  On or before October 1,1992 for existing industrial activities

       A  For facilities or construction activities which begin industrial activity after October 1,1992, an
          NOI shall be submitted at least 2 days prior to the commencement of the industrial activity.

       A  NOI's must be sent to the following address:

          Storm Water Notice of Intent
          P.O. Box 1215
          Newington, VA 22122

   Special Conditions

       A  Prohibition on most types of non-storm water discharges as a component of discharges
          authorized by this permit. (These  discharges should already have an NPDES permit.)
          However, EPA's permits authorize certain types of non-storm water discharges.

       A  In the event there is a release(s) of a hazardous substance in excess of reportable quantities
          established under the CWA or CERCLA (see 40 CFR  117.3, 40 CFR 301.4) the discharger
          must:

          - Notify the National Response Center and the Director, and modify the storm water pollution
            prevention plan.

   Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements

       A  Operators  of all facilities covered  by EPA's general permits must prepare and implement a
          storm water pollution prevention plan.
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                                       Overview of the Storm Water Prograrr
                                      ATTACHMENT IV

            EPA INDUSTRIAL GENERAL PERMIT (SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS)

  Contents of NOI for Industrial Activities

      A  Street address or latitude/longitude

      A  SIC Code or identification of industrial activity

      A  Operator's name, address, telephone number, and status as Federal, State, private, public, or
         other entity

      A  Permit numbers) of any existing NPDES permit(s)

      A  Name of receiving waters)

      A  Indication of whether the owner or operator has existing quantitative data describing the
         concentration of pollutants in storm water discharges

      A  A certification that a storm water pollution prevention plan has been prepared for the facility
         (for industrial activities that begin operations after October 1, 1992).

  Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for Industrial Activities

  The Pollution Prevention Plan is considered to be the most important requirement of the General
  Permit. Each industrial  facility covered by the general permit must develop a Plan, tailored to the site
  specific conditions, and  designed with the goal to control the amount of pollutants in storm water dis-
  charges from the site.

      A  Pollution Prevention Team - Each facility will select a Pollution Prevention Team from its
         staff, and the Team will be responsible for developing and implementing the Plan.

      A  Components of the Plan - The permit requires that the Plan contain a description of poten-
         tial pollutant sources, and a description of the measures and  controls to prevent or minimize
         pollution of storm water.  The description of potential pollutant sources must include:

         - A map of the facility indicating the areas which drain to each storm water discharge point

         - An indication of the industrial activities which occur in each drainage area

         - A prediction of the pollutants which are likely to be present in the storm water

         - A description the likely source of pollutants from the site

         - An inventory of the materials which may be exposed to storm water

         - The history of spills or  leaks of toxic or hazardous materials for the past 3 years.

         The measures and controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm water must include:

         - Good housekeeping or upkeep of industrial areas exposed to storm water

         - Preventive maintenance of storm water controls and other facility equipment

         - Spill prevention and response procedures to minimize the potential for and  the impact of
           spills

         - Test all outfalls to insure there are no cross connections (only storm water is discharged)
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
          - Training of employees on pollution prevention measures and controls, and record keeping.
          The permit also requires that facilities:
          - Identify areas with a high potential for erosion and the stabilization measures or structural
            controls to be used to limit erosion in these areas
          - Implement traditional storm water management measures (oil/water separators, vegetative
            swales, detention ponds, etc) where they are appropriate for the site.
       A  Inspection/Site Compliance Evaluation - Facility personnel must inspect the plant equip-
          ment and industrial areas on a regular basis. At least once every year a more thorough site
          compliance evaluation must be performed by facility personnel
          - Look for evidence of pollutants entering the drainage system
          - Evaluate the performance of pollution prevention measures
          - Identify areas where the Plan should be revised to reduce the discharge of pollutants
          - Document  both the routine inspections and the annual site compliance evaluation in a report.
       A  Consistency - The Plan can incorporate other plans which a  facility may have alreadypre-
          pared for other permits including Spill Prevention Control  and Countermeasure (SPCC)
          Plans, or Best Management Practices (BMP) Programs.
       A  Deadlines - The plan must be prepared on or before April 1,  1993, and the facility must be
          in compliance with the plan on or before October 1, 1993.
       A  Signature -  The plan must be signed by a responsible corporate official such as the presi-
          dent, vice president or general partner.
       A  Plan Review - The plan is to be kept at the permitted facility at all times. The plan should be
          submitted for review only when requested by EPA.
   Semi-Annual Monitoring/Annual Reporting Requirements
       A  EPCRA Section 313 facilities
       A  Primary metal industries Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 33
       A  Land disposal units/incinerators/BIF's
       A  Wood treatment facilities
       A  Facilities with coal pile runoff
     ""1  Battery reclaimers
   Annual Monitoring/No Reporting Requirements
       A  Airports with at least 50,000 flight operations per year
       A  Coal-fired steam electric facilities
       A  Animal handling/meat packing facilities
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                                       Overview  of the Storm Water Program
      A  Additional facilities, including:
         - SIC 30 and 28 with storage piles for solid chemicals used as raw materials that are exposed
           to precipitation
         - Certain automobile junkyards
           Lime manufacturing facilities where storm water comes into contact with lime storage piles
         • Oil  handling sites at oil fired steam electric power generating facilities
         - Cement manufacturing and cement kilns
         - Ready-mix concrete facilities
         - Shipbuilding and repairing facilities
  Additional Monitoring Requirements
      A  Testing parameters for facilities are listed in the general permits.
      A  At a minimum, all dischargers must conduct an annual site inspection of the facility.
  Alternative Certification
      A  A discharger is not subject to the monitoring requirements  for a given outfall if there is no
         exposure of industrial areas or activities  to storm water within the drainage area of that out-
         fall within a given year.
      A  The discharger must certify, on an annual basis, that there is no exposure to storm  water, and
         such certification must be retained in  the storm water pollution prevention plan.  Facilities
         subject to semi-annual monitoring requirements must submit this certification to EPA in lieu
         of monitoring data..
  Numeric Effluent Limitations
      A  Coal pile runoff:  50 mg/1 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and 6-9 pH
  Available Guidance
  Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
  Management Practices, available from NTTS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-235969; Summary:
  Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities,  Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
  Management Practices (October 1992), available  from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823.
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Overview of the
Storm Water
Program
   EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
Permits Division
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460

October 1993

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Overview of the Storm Water Program
                                       ATTACHMENT V

    EPA CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS (SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS)

  Coverage

       A  Storm water discharges from construction sites that are authorized by this permit include
          those that will result in the disturbance of 5 or more acres of land.

  Contents of NQI for Construction Activities

       A  Street address or latitude/longitude

       A  The name, address, telephone number of the operators) with day to day operational control
          and operator status as Federal, State, private, public, or other entity

       A  Permit numbers) of any existing NPDES permit(s)

       A  Name of receiving water(s)

       A  Indication of whether the owner or operator has existing quantitative data describing the
          concentration of pollutants in storm water discharges

       A  An estimate of the project start date and completion dates and estimates of the number of
          disturbed acres

       A  A certification that a storm water pollution prevention plan has been prepared for the facility

  Deadlines for Notification

       A  An NOI shall be submitted at least 2 days prior to the commencement of construction (com-
          mencement of construction is defined as the initial disturbance of soils associated with clear-
          ing, grading, or excavating activities or other construction  activities) at any site that will
          result in the disturbance of 5 or more acres total land area.

  Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for Construction Activities

  The Pollution Prevention  Plan is considered to  be the most important requirement of the Genera
  Permit. Each construction activity covered by the general permit must develop a Plan, tailored to th<
  site specific conditions, and designed with the goal to control the amount of pollutants in storm wate
  discharges from the site.

       A  Components of the Plan - The permit requires that the Plan contain a site description, and a
          description of the  measures ana controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm water.
          The site description must include:

          - A description of the nature of the construction activity
          - A sequence of major construction activities
          - An estimate of the total area of the site and of the area to be disturbed
          - An estimate of the runoff coefficient of the site after construction is complete
          - Any existing data on the quality of storm water discharge from the site
          - The name of the receiving water
          - Any information on the type of soils at the site; and
          - A site map indicating drainage patterns and slopes after grading activities are complete, area-
           of soil disturbance, the outline of the area to be disturbed, the location of stabilizator
           measures and controls, and surface waters at the discharge points.
                                             V-l                                  October,

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                                        Overview of the Storm  Water Program
      A  Measures and Controls - Measures and controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm
         water must include three different types of controls:  erosion and sediment controls, storm
         water management controls and other controls:

         -  Erosion and Sediment Controls

           .  Stabilization (seeding, mulching, etc.) - Disturbed areas where construction has perma-
             nently or temporarily ceased must be stabilized within 14 days of the last disturbance or
             as soon as practicable  in semi-arid  and arid areas. (Areas which will be redisturbed
             within 21 days do not have to be stabilized).

           •  Structural Controls - Sites with common drainage locations that serve 10 or more dis-
             turbed acres must install a sediment basin where it is attainable (where a basin is not
             attainable, sediment traps, silt fence or other equivalent measures must be installed.
             Sediment basins must provide 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained. Drainage
             locations which serve less than 10 disturbed acres must install either a sediment basin,
             sediment trap or silt fence along the down slope and side slope perimeter.

      A  Plan shall be completed prior to submittal of an NOI and updated as appropriate.

      A  For construction activities that have begun after October 1, 1992, the plan shall provide for
         compliance with the terms and schedule of the plan beginning with the initiation of con-
         struction activities.

  Available Guidance

  Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
  Management Practices, available from NTIS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-235951; Summary:
  Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
  Management Practices (October 1992), available from the Storm Water Hotline (703) 821-4823.
October, 1993
V-2
                                                                                           074).

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Overview of the  Storm Water Program
                                       ATTACHMENT VI

                         MUNICIPAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

  The CWA requires that NPDES permits for discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems
  inclode a requirement to effectively prohibit non-storm water discharges into the storm sewers, and con-
  trols to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable (including management
  practices, control techniques and system design and engineering methods, and other provisions appro-
  priate for the control of such pollutants). EPA or authorized NPDES States may issue system-wide or
  jurisdiction-wide permits covering all discharges from a municipal separate storm sewer system. The
  November 1990 storm water final rule established requirements for a two-part permit application
  designed to  facilitate development of site specific permit conditions.  The permit application require-
  ments  provide municipal applicants an opportunity to propose appropriate management programs to
  control pollutants in discharges from their municipal systems. Tnis increases flexibility to develop
  appropriate permit conditions and ensures input from municipalities in developing appropriate controls.

  Parti

       A  General information (name, address, etc.)

       A  Existing legal authority and any additional authorities needed

       A  Source identification information

       A  Discharge characterization including:

          -  Monthly mean rain and snow fall estimates

          -  Existing quantitative data on volume and quality of storm water discharges

          -  A list of receiving water bodies and existing information on the impacts of receiving waters

          -  Field screening analysis for illicit connections and illegal dumping.

       A  Characterization plan identifying representative outfalls for further sampling in Part 2

       A  Description of existing management programs to control pollutants from the municipal sepa-
          rate storm sewer and to identify illicit connections

       A  Description of financial budget and resources currently available to complete Part 2.

  Part 2

       A  Demonstration of adequate legal authority to control discharges, prohibit illicit discharges,
          require compliance, and carry out inspections, surveillance, and monitoring

       A  Source identification indicating  the location of any major outfalls and identifying facilities
          that discharge  storm water associated with industrial activity through the municipal separate
          storm sewer

       A  Discharge characterization data including

          -  Quantitative data from 5-10 representative locations in approved sampling plans

          -  For selected conventional pollutants and heavy metals, estimates of the annual pollutant load
            and event mean concentration of system discharges
                                             VI-1                                   October. 199.'

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                                       Overview of the Storm Water Program
         - Proposed schedule to provide estimates of seasonal pollutant loads and the mean concentra-
           tion for certain detected constituents in a representative storm event

         - Proposed monitoring program for representative data collection.


      A  Proposed management program including descriptions of:

         - Structural and source control measures that are to be implemented to reduce pollutants in
           runoff from commercial and residential areas

         - Program to detect and remove illicit discharges

         - Program to monitor and control pollutants from municipal landfills, hazardous waste treat-
           ment, disposal, and recovery facilities; EPCRA Section 313 facilities; and other priority
           industrial facilities

         - Program to control pollutants in construction site runoff.

      A  Estimated reduction in loadings of pollutants as a result of the management program

      A  Fiscal analysis of necessary capital and operation and maintenance expenditures.

  Available Guidance

  Guidance Manual for the Preparation of Part 1 of the NPDES Permit Application for Discharges from
  Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems and NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document,
  available from NTIS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-114578; Guidance Manual for the
  Preparation of Part 2 of the NPDES Permit Applications for Discharges from Municipal Seperate
  Storm Sewers Systems, available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823.

  Deadlines

       A   Large Municipal Systems With
          A Population  Of 250,000 Or
          More:

         (55 ER 48073, Novemer 16,1990,
         Appendices F and H)
              Medium Municipal Systems
              With A Population of 100,000
              to 250,000:

             (55 EE 48074, November 16,1990
             Appendices G and I)
         Part I - November 18,1991
         Pan 2-November 16,1992
              Part 1 - May 18,1992
              Part 2 - May 17,1993
October, 1993
VI-2

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Overview of the Storm Water Program
                                       ATTACHMENT VTJ

          STORM WATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY

   The discharge from any conveyance which is used for collecting and conveying storm water and which
   is directly related to manufacturing, processing or raw materials storage areas at an industrial plant.
   The term does not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the NPDES program
   under 40 CFR Part 122. For the categories of industries identified in subparagraphs (i) through (x) of
   this subsection, the term includes, but is not limited to, storm water discharges from  industrial plant
   yards; immediate access roads and rail lines used or traveled by carriers of raw materials, manufactured
   products, waste material, or by-products used or created by the facility; material handling sites; refuse
   sites; sites used for the application or disposal of process waste waters (as defined at 40 CFR 401); sites
   used for the storage and maintenance of material Handling equipment; sites used for residual treatment,
   storage, or disposal; shipping and receiving areas; manufacturing buildings; storage areas (including
   tank farms) for raw materials, and intermediate and finished products; and areas where industrial activi-
   ty has taken place in the past and significant materials remain and are exposed to storm water.  For the
   categories of industries identified in subparagraph (xi),  the term includes only  Storm water discharges
   from all the areas (except access roads  and rail lines) that are listed in the previous sentence where
   material handling equipment or activities, raw materials, intermediate  products, final products, waste
   material, by-products, or industrial machinery are exposed to storm water.  For the purposes of this
   paragraph, material handling activities include the: storage, loading and unloading, transportation, or
   conveyance of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by-product or waste product.
   The term excludes areas located on plant lands separate from the plant's industrial activities, such as
   orifice buildings and accompanying parking lots as long as the drainage from the excluded areas is not
   mixed with storm water drained from the above described areas. Industrial facilities (including industri-
   al facilities that arc Federally, State, or municipally owned or operated  that meet the description of the
   facilities listed in this paragraph (i)-(xi) include those facilities designated under the  provision of
   122.26(a)(l)(v).  The following categories of facilities are considered to be engaging in  "industrial
   activity" for purposes of mis subsection:

             (i) Facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance
             standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N (except facilities
             with toxic pollutant effluent standards which are excepted under category (xi) of this para-
             graph);
             (ii) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 24 (except 2434),  26 (except
             265 and 267), 28 (except 283 and 285) 29,311, 32 (except 323), 33, 3441,372;
             (Ui) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 10 though 14  (mineral indus-
             try) including  active or inactive mining operations (except  for areas of coal mining opera-
             tions no longer meeting the definition of a reclamation area under 40 CFR 434.11(1) oecause
             the performance bond issued to the facility by the appropriate SMCRA authority has been
             released, or except for areas of non-coal mining operations  which have been released from
             applicable State or Federal reclamation requirements after December 17, 1990 and oil and
             gas exploration, production,  processing, or treatment operations, or transmission facilities
             mat discharge storm water contaminated by contact with or that has come into contact with,
             any overburden, raw material, intermediate products, finished products, byproducts or waste
             products located on the site of such operations; (inactive mining operations are mining sites
             that are not being actively mined, but which have an identifiable owner/operator, inactive
             mining sites do not include sites where mining claims are being maintained prior to distur-
             bances associated with the extraction,  beneficiation, or processing of mined materials, nor
             sites where minimal activities are undertaken for the sole  purpose of maintaining mining
             claim);
             (iy) Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, including those that are oper-
             ating under interim status or a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA.;
             (v) Landfills,  land application  sites,  and open dumps that receive or have  received any
             industrial  wastes (waste that is received from any of the facilities described under this sub-
             section) including those that are  subject to regulation under Subtitle D of RCRA;
 074/-AB
                                              VIM
October. 1993

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                                       Overview of the Storm Water Prograir
            (vi) Facilities involved  in-ihe recycling of materials, including metal scrapyards, battery
            reclaimers, salvage yards, and automobiles junkyards, including but limited to those classi-
            fied as Standard Industrial Classification 5015 and 5093;
            (vii) Steam electric power generating facilities, including coal handling sites;
            (viii) Transportation facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 40, 41, 42
            (except 4221-25), 43, 44, 45, and 5171 which have vehicle  maintenance shops, equipment
            cleaning operations, or airport deicing operations. Only those portions of the facility that
            are  either involved in vehicle maintenance  (including  vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical
            repairs, painting, fueling, and lubrication), equipment cleaning operations, airport deicing
            operations, or which are otherwise identified under paragraphs (iHvii) or (ix)-(xi) of this
            subsection are associated with industrial activity;
            (ix) Treatment works treating domestic sewage or any other sewage sludge or wastewater
            treatment device or system, used in the storage treatment, recycling, and reclamation of
            municipal or domestic sewage, including land dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge
            that are located within the confines of the facility, with a design flow of 1.0 ragd or more, or
            required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40  CFR 403.  Not included are
            farm lands, domestic gardens or lands used for sludge management where sludge is benefi-
            cially reused and which are not physically located in the confines of the facility, or areas
            that are in compliance with Section 405 of the CWA;
            (x) Construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities except  oper-
            ations that result in the  disturbance of less man five acres of total land area which are not
            pan of a larger common plan of development or sale;
            (xi) Facilities under Standard Industrial Classification 20, 21, 22,23,2434,25,265,267,27,
            283, 285, 30, 31 (except 311), 323, 34 (except 3441), 35, 36, 37 (except 373), 38. 39,4221-
            25, (and which are not otherwise included within categories (u'Mx))

            Note: The Transportation Act of 1991  provides an exemption from storm water permitting
                  requirements for certain facilities owned or operated by municipalities with a popu-
                  lation of less than 100,000. Such municipalities  must submit storm water discharge
                  permit applications for only airports, power plants, and uncontrolled sanitary land-
                  fills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the permitting
                  authority.
October, 1993
VI-2

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                                                                      Chapter  1—Introduction
Excerpt from:  "Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities:  Developing Pollution Prevention
              Plans and Best Management Practices."  1992.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
              Office of Water. EPA 832-R-92-006.
1.6  SUMMARY OF THE STORM  WATER PROGRAM

Storm water discharges have been increasingly identified as a significant source of water pollution
in numerous nationwide studies on water quality.  To address this problem, the Clean Water Act
Amendments of 1987 required EPA to publish regulations to control storm water discharges under
NPDES.  EPA published storm water regulations on November 16, 1990, which require certain
dischargers of storm water to waters of  the United States to apply for NPDES permits.  "Waters of
the United States" is generally defined as surface waters, including lakes, rivers, streams,
wetlands, and coastal waters.  NPDES storm water discharge permits will allow the States and EPA
to track and monitor sources of storm water pollution. According to the November 16, 1990, final
rule, facilities with a "storm water discharge associated with industrial activity" are required to
apply for a storm  water permit.  EPA has defined this phrase in terms of 11 categories of industrial
activity that include: (1) facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source
performance standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N; (2)
"heavy" manufacturing facilities; (3) mining and oil and gas  operations with "contaminated" storm
water discharges; (4) hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities; (5) landfills, land
application sites, and open dumps;  (6) recycling facilities;  (7) steam electric generating facilities; (8)
transportation facilities, including airports;  (9)  sewage treatment plants;  (10) construction
operations disturbing 5 or more acres*; and (11) other industrial facilities where materials are
exposed to storm  water*.  Operators of  industrial facilities that are Federally, State, or municipally
owned or operated that meet the above  description must also submit applications.   If you have
questions about whether or not your facility needs to seek permit coverage,  contact the EPA Storm
Water Hotline at (703) 821-4823.

Storm water discharges associated with  industrial activity that reach waters of the United States
through Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) are also required to obtain NPDES storm
water permit coverage.  Discharges of storm water to a combined sewer system or to a Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTW) are excluded.

The storm water regulation presents three  permit application options for storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity.  The first option is to submit an individual application consisting
of Forms 1 and 2F.  The second option is to participate in a  group application. The third option is
to file a Notice of  Intent (NOD to be covered under a general permit in accordance with the
   *0n June  4,  1992, the United  States Court  of Appeals  for the Ninth Circuit remanded the
exemptions for manufacturing  facilities which do not have materials or activities exposed to storm
water and for construction sites of less than five acres to the EPA for further rulemaking.

September 1992                              1-5

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Chapter 1—Introduction
requirements of an issued general permit.  Regardless of the permit application option a facility
selects, the resulting storm water discharge permit will most likely contain a requirement to develop
and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.

NPDES permits are issued by the State for States that have been delegated NPDES permitting
authority or by EPA for States that have not been delegated NPDES permitting authority.
Therefore, the specific EPA General Permit requirements  discussed in this guidance manual apply
only to facilities located in one of the 12 nondelegated States or Territories (Alaska; Arizona; Idaho;
Louisiana; Maine; Massachusetts; New Hampshire; New  Mexico;  Oklahoma; South Dakota; Texas;
the District of Columbia; Puerto Rico; Guam; American Samoa;  Northern Mariana Islands; Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands; Indian lands in Alabama, California, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Nevada, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming; located within Federal facilities or Indian lands in
Colorado and Washington; and located within Federal facilities in  Delaware). EPA expects,
however, that the Federal general permit will be used as  a model  by NPDES-authorized States,
tailored to meet State-specific conditions.  Even though storm water permit requirements will vary
from State to State  depending on water quality concerns and permitting priorities for the permitting
authority, EPA expects that most NPDES storm water discharge permits will contain Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan requirements similar to the requirements presented in this manual.
                                             1-6                             September 1992

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                     United Slates             Office Of Water            EPA 833-F-93-002
                     Environmental Protection      (EN-336)                March 1992
                     Agency


c/EPA          NPDES  Storm Water Program


                     Question And Answer Document

                     Volume  1

       37.   Is a marina required to apply for a storm water permit if it operates a retail
            fueling operation, but other vehicle maintenance or equipment cleaning
            activities are not conducted onsite?

            Facilities that are "primarily engaged" in operating marinas are best classified as
            SIC 4493 - marinas.  These facilities rent  boat slips, store boats, and generally
            perform a range of other marine services including boat cleaning and incidental
            boat repair.  They frequently  sell food,  fuel,  fishing supplies, and may sell boats.
            For facilities  classified as 4493 that are involved in vehicle (boat) maintenance
            activities (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling,
            and lubrication) or equipment cleaning operations, those portions of the facility
            that are involved in such vehicle maintenance activities are considered to be
            associated with industrial activity and are  covered under the storm water
            regulations.

            Facilities classified as 4493 that are not involved in equipment cleaning or
            vehicle maintenance  activities (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical
            repairs, painting, and lubrication) are not  intended to be covered under 40 CFR
            Section 122.26(b)(14)(viii) of the storm water permit application regulations. The
            retail sale of fuel alone at marinas, without any other vehicle maintenance or
            equipment cleaning operations, is not considered to be grounds for coverage
            under  the storm water regulations.

            Marine facilities that are "primarily engaged" in the retail sale of fuel and
            lubricating oils  are best classified as SIC code 5541 - marine service stations -
            and are not covered  under 40 CFR Section  122.26(b)(14)(viii) of the storm water
            permit application regulations. These facilities may also sell other merchandise
            or perform minor repair work.

            Facilities "primarily engaged"  in the operation of sports and recreation services
            such as boat rental, canoe rental,  and  party fishing, are best classified under
            SIC code 7999 - miscellaneous recreational  facilities - and are not covered
            under  40 CFR Section 122.26(b)(14)(viii).
                                          13                      March 16, 1992

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      Marina & Boat Pollution Sources:  EPA Comparison of
     CZARA Management Measures and NPDES Regulations.
Pollution Source
Siting considerations to minimize
NFS impacts
Design considerations to mimimize
NFS impacts
Siting/design to minimize habitat
impacts
Runoff from boat washing on shore
Runoff from marina grounds (non-
industrial)
Runoff associated with hull
maintenance/repair/painting
Nonpoint source impacts from
shoreline erosion
Design for ease of fuel spill cleanup
Improper disposal of sewage
Solid waste handling
Fish waste disposal
Liquid waste handling
Petroleum from boats
In-water cleaning
Public education
Boat operation impacts on habitat
Covered by CZARA
Management Measures
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Covered by NPDES
Permitting
No
No
No
Yes, Stormwater from SIC 4493 ***
No
Yes, Stormwater from SIC 4493 ***
No
May be addressed in marina (SIC 4493)
storm water pollution prevention plan
(SWPPP)
Yes, as boat ** discharge if in water and
as SIC 4493 if in storm water on shore
Yes, if storm water runoff is in contact
with handling material from industrial
activity*** as a SIC 4493 facility
No (except commercial fish processing
facility)
Yes, if the storm water runoff contains
the handling material from industrial
activity*** as a SIC 4493 facility
Yes, as boat** discharge if in water and as
storm water from SIC 4493 facility for leaks
from boats in maintenance yards
Yes, as boat** discharge. May also be
addressed inmarinas (S1C4493) SWPPP
Not directly, but could be required as pan
of marinas (SIC 4493) SWPPP
No
 *   Covered by CZARA until a permit is issued, then no longer covered by CZARA.
 **  Boat owner, not marina, would be responsible party for point source (process) discharge to surface waters.
 *** Industrial activity is defined as equipment cleaning or vehicle (e.g., boat) maintenance including vehicle
      rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, and lubrication.

Source:      "CZARA Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program Workshop; Region III - South
            Atlantic, May 18-20,  1993, Alexandria, Virginia."  1993.   Sponsored  by  U.S.
            Environmental Protection  Agency,  Office  of Water and National  Oceanic and
            Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management.

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//. Development of the Management Measures Guidance                                          Chapter 1


2.  Relationship Between This Management Measures Guidance for Coastal
    Nonpoint Sources and NPDES Permit Requirements for Point Sources

a.   Urban Runoff

Historically, there have aJways been ambiguities in and overlaps between programs designed to control urban runoff
nonpoint sources and those designed to control urban storm water point sources. For example, runoff may often
originate from a nonpoint source but ultimately may be channelized and discharged through a point source. Potential
confusion between these two programs has been heightened by Congressional enactment of two important pieces of
legislation: section 402(p) of the Clean Water Act, which establishes permit requirements for certain municipal and
industrial storm water discharges, and section 6217 of CZARA, which requires  EPA to promulgate and States to
provide for the implementation of management measures to control nonpoint pollution in  coastal waters.  The
discussion below is intended to clarify the relationship between these two programs and describe the scope of the
coastal nonpoint program and its applicability to urban runoff in coastal  areas.

b.   The Storm  Water Permit Program

The storm water permit program is a two-phase program enacted by Congress in 1987 under section 402(p) of the
Clean Water Act.  Under Phase I, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits are required
to be issued for municipal  separate storm sewers serving large or medium-sized populations (greater than 250,000
or 100,000 people, respectively) and for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity.  Permits are also
to be issued, on a case-by-case basis, if EPA or a State determines that a storm water discharge contributes to a
violation of a water quality standard or is a significant contributor of pollutants to waters of the United States.  EPA
published a rule implementing Phase I on November 16, 1990.

Under Phase II, EPA is to prepare two reports to Congress that assess the remaining  storm water discharges;
determine, to the maximum extent practicable, the nature and extent of pollutants in such discharges; and establish
procedures and methods to control storm water discharges to the extent necessary to  mitigate impacts on water
quality.  Then, EPA is to issue-regulations that designate storm water discharges, in addition to those addressed in
Phase I, to be regulated to protect water quality, and EPA is to establish a comprehensive program to regulate those
designated sources.   The program is required to establish  (1) priorities, (2) requirements for State storm water
management programs, and (3) expeditious deadlines.

These regulations were to have been issued by EPA not later than October 1,  1992.  Because of EPA's emphasis
on Phase I, however, the Agency has not yet been able to complete the studies and issue appropriate regulations as
required under section 402(p).

c.   Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs

As discussed above, Congress enacted section 6217 of CZARA in late 1990 to require that States develop Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs that are in conformity with this management measures guidance published by
EPA._

d.   Scope and Coverage of This Guidance with  Respect to Storm  Water
     is excluding from coverage under this section 6217(g) guidance all storm water discharges that are covered by
Phase I of the NPDES storm water permit program. Thus EPA is excluding any discharge from a municipal separate
storm sewer system serving a population of 100,000 or more; any discharge of storm water associated with industrial
activity; any discharge that has  already been permitted; and any discharge for which EPA or the State makes  a
determination that the storm water discharge contributes to a violation of a water quality standard or is a significant
contributor of pollutants to waters of the United States.  All of these activities are clearly addressed by the storm
water permit program and therefore are excluded from the coastal nonpoint pollution control program.
1-6                                                                    EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993

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Chapter 1                                            II. Development of the Management Measures Guidance


EPA is adopting a different approach with respect to other (non-Phase I) storm water discharges.  At present, EPA
has not yet promulgated regulations that would designate additional storm water discharges, beyond those regulated
in Phase I, that will be required to be regulated in Phase II. It is thus not possible to determine at this point which
additional storm water discharges will  be regulated by the NPDES program and which will not.  Furthermore,
because of the great number of such discharges, it is likely that it would take many years to permit all of these
discharges, even if EPA allows  for relatively expeditious State permitting approaches such as the use of general
permits.

Therefore, to give effect to the Congressional intent that coastal waters receive special and expeditious attention from
EPA, NOAA, and the States,  storm water runoff that potentially may be ultimately covered by Phase II of the storm
water permit program is subject to this management measures guidance and will be addressed by the States' Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs. Any storm water runoff that ultimately is regulated under an NPDES permit
will no longer be subject to this guidance once the permit is issued

In addition, it should be noted that some other activities are not presently covered by NPDES permit application
requirements and thus would be subject to a State's Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program. Most importantly,
construction  activities on sites that result in the disturbance of less than 5 acres, which are not currently covered by
Phase I  storm water application requirements', are  covered by  the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program.
Similarly, runoff from wholesale, retail, service,  or commercial activities,  including gas stations, which are  not
covered by Phase I of the NPDES storm water program, would be subject instead to a State's Coastal Nonpoint
Pollution Control Program.  Further, onsite disposal systems, which are  generally not covered by the storm water
permit program, would be subject to a State's  Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program.

Finally,  EPA emphasizes that while different legal  authorities may apply to different situations, the goals of the
NPDES  and  CZARA programs are complementary.  Many of the techniques  and practices used to control  urban
runoff are equally applicable to both programs.  Yet, the programs do not work identically. In the interest of
consistency and comprehensiveness, States have the option to implement management measures in conformity with
this guidance throughout the  State's 6217 management area, as long as NPDES storm water requirements continue
to be met by Phase I sources in that area.  States are encouraged to develop consistent approaches to addressing
urban runoff throughout their 6217 management areas.

e.   Marinas

Another specific overlap between the storm water program and the coastal nonpoint source programs under CZARA
occurs in the case of marinas (addressed in  Chapter 5 of this guidance). In this guidance, EPA  has attempted to
avoid addressing marina activities that are clearly regulated point source discharges.  Any storm water runoff at a
marina that is ultimately regulated under an NPDES permit will no longer be subject to this guidance once the permit
is issued  The introduction to Chapter 5 contains a detailed discussion of the scope  of the NPDES program with
respect to marinas and of the corresponding coverage  of marinas by the CZARA program.

f.   Other Point Sources

Overlapping areas between the point source  and nonpoint source program!; also occur with respect to concentrated
animal feeding operations. Operations that meet particular size  or other criteria are defined and regulated as point
sources  under the section 402 permit program, while other confined animal feeding operations are not  currently
regulated as  point sources.  Other overlaps  may occur with respect to aspects of mining operations, oil and gas
extraction, land disposal, and other activities.
'  On May 27, 199Z the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit invalidated EPA's exemption of construction sites
  smaller than 5 acres from the storm water permit program in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA, 965 F.2d 759 (9th Cir.
  1992).  EPA is conducting further rulemaking proceedings on this issue and will not require permit applications for construction
  activities under 5 acres until further rulemaking has been completed.


EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993                                                                       1

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//. Development of the Management Measures Guidance                                           Chapter 1


EPA intends  that the  Coastal  Nonpoint Pollution  Control Programs to  be developed by the States, and the
management measures they contain, apply only to sources that are not required under EPA's current regulations to
obtain an NPDES permit. For any discharge ultimately covered by Phase II of the storm water permitting program,
the  management  measures  will continue to apply until an NPDES permit is issued for that discharge.  In this
guidance, EPA has attempted to avoid addressing activities that are regulated point source discharges.
1-10                                                                    EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993

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Chapter 5                                                                               I. Introduction
G.   Other Federal and State  Marina and  Boating  Programs

1.  NPDES Storm Water Program

The storm water permit program is a two-phase program enacted by Congress in 1987 under section 402(p) of the
Clean Water Act.  Under Phase I, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits are required
to be issued for municipal separate storm sewers serving large or medium-sized populations (greater than 250,000
or 100,000 people, respectively), and for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity such as certain
types  of marinas.  Permits are also to be issued, on a case-by-case basis, if EPA or a State determines that a storm
water discharge contributes to a violation of a water quality standard or is a significant contributor of pollutants to
waters of the United States.  EPA published a rule implementing Phase I on November  16, 1990.

a.   Which marinas are regulated by the NPDES Storm Water Program?

Under the  NPDES Storm Water Program, discharge permits are required for point source discharges of storm water
from certain types of marinas.  A point source discharge of storm water is a flow of rainfall runoff in some kind of
discrete conveyance (a pipe, ditch, channel, swale, etc.).

If a marina is primarily in the business of renting boat slips, storing boats, cleaning boats, and repairing boats, and
generally performs a  range of other marine services, it is classified under the storm water program  (using the
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system developed by the Office of Management and Budget) as a SIC 4493.
Marinas classified as  SIC 4493 are the type that  may be regulated under  the storm water program and may  be
required to obtain a storm water discharge permit.

A marina that is classified as a SIC 4493 is required to obtain an NPDES storm water discharge permit if vehicle
maintenance activities such as vehicle (boat) rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, and lubrication or
equipment cleaning operations are conducted at the marina. The storm water permit will apply only to the point
source discharges of storm water from the maintenance areas  at the marinas. Operators of these types of marinas
should consult the water pollution control agency of the State in which the marina is located to determine how to
obtain a storm water discharge permit.

b.   Which marinas are not regulated by the NPDES Storm  Water Program?

Marinas classified as SIC 4493 that are not involved in equipment cleaning or vehicle maintenance activities are not
covered under the storm water program. Likewise, a marina, regardless of its classification and the types of activities
conducted, that has no point source discharges of storm water, is also not regulated under the NPDES storm water
program.  In addition, some marinas are classified SIC code 5541 - marine service stations and are also not regulated
under the NPDES Storm Water Program. These types of marinas are primarily in the business of selling fuel without
vehicle maintenance or equipment cleaning operations.

c.   What marina activities are covered  by this guidance?

EPA has not yet promulgated regulations that would designate additional  storm water discharges, beyond those
regulated in Phase I, that will be required to be regulated in Phase II. Therefore, marina discharges that are not
covered under Phase I, including those discharges that potentially may be ultimately covered by Phase II of the storm
water  permits program, are covered by this management measures guidance and will be addressed by the Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs.  Any storm water discharge at a marina that ultimately is issued an NPDES
permit will become exempt from this guidance and from the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program at the time
that the permit is issued.
EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993                                                                    5-7

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                                                 Exhibit A-2
Wetlands Program
Area of Focus/Program
Objective:
Pertinence to Control
of Marina Discharges:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative
Authorization:
Additional
Information:
Protection of wetlands from discharge of dredged or fill material
• Regulates marina activities associated with dredged or fill
material (e.g., channel dredging, expansion or renovation
activities) discharged in wetlands areas
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers
EPA Wetlands Hotline: (800)832-7828
or
See Fact Sheets #31 and #32 (attached) for EPA and Army Corps
of Engineers contacts
Clean Water Act §404
• "EPA Wetlands Fact Sheets," March 1993 (excerpts attached;
full copy available from Key Contact, #EPA-843-F-93-001)
    Appendix A
A-33
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs

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&EPA
                   United States
                   Environmental Protection
                   Agency
                        Office of Water (WH-556F),
                        Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
                        and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001Q
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #7
Clean Water Act  §404: Overview
       Section 404 of the Clean Water Act estab-
lishes a program  to regulate the discharge of
dredged and fill material into waters of the United
States, including wetlands.  Activities in waters
that are typically  regulated under Section 404
include fills for development, water resource
projects (e.g., dams and  levees), infrastructure
development (e.g., highways and airports), and
conversion of wetlands to uplands for farming
and forestry.
                          Wildlife Service, the National Marine Fisheries
                          Service, and State resource agencies have impor-
                          tant advisory roles.
                             The basic premise of the Section 404 program
                          is that no discharge of dredged or fill material can
                          be permitted if there is a practicable alternative
                          that is less damaging to the aquatic environment
                          or if the discharge  would result in significant
                          degradation of our Nation's waters.
   Since its enactment by Congress in 1972, Sec-
tion 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. § 1344)
has evolved through a series of statutory amend-
ments, regulatory changes and key court deci-
sions into the primary Federal regulatory pro-
gram providing protection for the Nation's re-
maining wetlands. EPA and the Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) jointly administer the Section
404 program.   In addition, the U.S. Fish and
      ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS:
      • day-to-day program administration
        (e.g. including individual permit decisions
        and jurisdictional determinations)
      • development of policy and guidance
      • enforcement

      ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
      • develop and interpret the environmental criteria
        used in evaluating permit applications
        $£., the Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines)
      • determine the scope of geographic jurisdiction
      • approve and oversee State assumption
        of the program's administrative responsibilities
      • identify activities that are exempt under §404{f)
      • review and comment on individual permit appli-
        cations
      • §404(c) authority to veto Corps' permit decisions
      • §404(q) case specific elevation
      • enforcement
                              An applicant must demonstrate that
                              steps nave been taken to avoid wet-
                              land impacts where it is practicable.
                          In addition, applicants are required to minimize
                          potential impacts to wetlands, and finally to pro-
                          vide compensation for any remaining unavoid-
                          able impacts through wetland restoration or cre-
                          ation activities.

                             For projects involving potentially significant
                          impacts, authorization must usually be sought
                          through an "individual permit" review process.
                          However, for the great majority of discharges, Le.,
                          those activities that will have only minimal ad-
                          verse environmental effects, authorization is of-
                          ten granted up-front through "general permits."
                          General permits may be issued by the Corps on a
                          nationwide, regional or State basis for particular
                          categories of activities (e.g., minor road crossings,
                          utility line backfill, and bedding)  as a means of
                          expediting the permitting process.   Moreover,
                          Section 404(f) exempts other activities from regu-
                          lation under Section 404, including many on-go-
                          ing farming, ranching and silviculture practices.
     FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
•contractor operated
                                                ^ Printed on Recycled Paper

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vvEPA
                     United States
                     Environmental Protection
                     Agency
                          Office of Water (WH-556F),
                          Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
                          and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-OQ1h
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #8
Clean  Water  Act §404:  Permits
   THE §404 INDIVIDUAL PERMIT PROCESS
   Within 15 days of receiving all peii^pinf orma t ion, the Corps will issue
   a public notice that gives a brief S^Hiptton of the proposed activity,
   its location, potential environmel^ll^jpacts, a deadline for receiving
   written comments, and the a<^j|ptior the agency receiving those
   comments.              ''V*
   The application is reviewed by t^|g|rps and other interested Federal
   and State agencies, organJ2atiol||spnd individuals. The comment
   period can take 15 to30 days depp|||g upon the nature of the activity.
   The necessity to gather infdm^^^^S prepare an Environmental
   Impact Statement (EB) may f«|||pixtend the comment period.
   Normally, the Corps does not||p|! a public hearing on a permit;
   however, citizens rosy request th|||||e be held. The Corps will use the
   testimony presented at the hej$|i|||f|St$"permit review.
   The Corps evaluates the permifi^pication based on its regulations
   H::;>:v:-::::::^xsxs:wxix^-: ^ftx^^S^ft^fi^
                                                             :•x•:•^^^^-.•^-^^•w%•.^^^•^»•.'t•^•j^.'*'•:.^•*•>•••*•r•^•3^•-a?»^
                                                                 v_ase~Dy-case review
                                    • Public interest review and compliance
                                    with theSection404(b)(l)Guidelines, which
                                    are regulations issued by EPA, with the Corps.

                                    Guidelines requirements include:
                                    « Mitigation sequence
                                     (1) avoidance of impacts through practi-
                                         cable alternatives,
                                     (2) minimization of impacts, and
                                     (3) compensation of unavoidable impacts
                                         through creation or restoration.
                                    • No significant degradation.
                                    * Compliance with other laws.

                                                SECTION 404(e)
                                     The Corps of Engineers has the authority to
                                     issue general permits for those categories of
                                     activities in wetlands and other aquatic areas
                                     that will have only minimal adverse environ-
                                     mental effects-individually or cumulatively.

                                     • General permits are widely used and speed
                                     up the §404 permitting process because they
                                     do not  require a detailed, case-specific re-
                                     view.
                                     • General permits are  issued on a nation-
                                     wide, regional, and State basis.

                                     If an activity falls under a nationwide pert*
                                     mil, a discharger generally (but |*ot al-
                                     ways) can proceed with the activity with*',
                                     out first applying for an individual permit
                                     Individuals should contact their local Corps
                                     Districts for applicability  of general per-
                                     mits.
     FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
'contractor operated
                                                        Printed on Recycled Paper

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               United States
               Environmental Protection
               Agency
Office of Water (WH-556F),
Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001 i
March 1993
&EPA    WETLANDS FACT SHEET*  9
                Definition  and Delineation
            Definition

      Since the 1970's, the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) and the US. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) have vised the same
definition of wetlands for regulatory purposes:
 Wetlands are areas that are inundated or satu-
 rated by surface or ground water at a frequency
 and duration sufficient to support, and that under
 normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of
 vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated
 soil conditions.  Wetlands generally include
 swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas.

      Basically, wetlands are areas where the
frequent and prolonged presence of water at or
near the soil surface drives the natural system -
the kind of soils that form and the plants that
grow, and the fish and/or wildlife communities
that use the habitat. Swamps, marshes and bogs
are well-recognized types of wetlands, but there
are many important specific wetland types, such
as vernal pools, playas and prairie potholes, that
have drier or more variable water regimes than
those well-recognized by the general public.

        Field Indicators

      When the upper part of the soil is satu-
rated with water at growing  season tempera-
tures, soil organisms consume the oxygen in the
soil, and conditions unsuitable for most plants
quickly develop. Such conditions also cause the
development of soil characteristics (e.g., color
and texture) that are diagnostic of so called
"hydric soils". The plants that can grow in such
conditions are called "hydrophytes" (e.g., marsh
grasses). Together, hydricsoils and hydrophytes
 FOR MORE INFORMATION: Call the EPA
 Weflands Houme* at 1-800-832-7328
•contracts operated
    are useful field indicators of the presence of
    wetlands and are essential for field identifica-
    tion of wetlands.

         The actual presence or absence of water
    itself (i.e., by ponding, flooding, or soil satura-
    tion), however, is a less reliable indicator of the
    presence of  wetlands.  Except for wetlands
    flooded by ocean tides, the hydrology of wet-
    lands fluctuates as a result of rainfall patterns,
    snowmelt, dry seasons and droughts. Some of
    the most well-known wetlands, such as the Ev-
    erglades and Mississippi bottomland hardwood
    swamps, are often dry. Conversely, many up-
    land areas are very wet during and shortly after
    wet weather. Such natural fluctuations must be
    taken into account when identifying areas sub-
    ject to federal wetlands jurisdiction.  Similarly,
    the effects of upstream dams, drainage ditches,
    dikes, irrigation and other modifications must
    also be considered.

        Delineation Manual

         EPA and the Corps are currently using
    the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delinea-
    tion Manual to delineate wetlands for the Clean
    Water Act Section 404 permit program. Section
    404 requires a permit from the Corps or autho-
    rized State for the discharge of dredged or fill
    material into the waters of the United States,
    including wetlands. The 1987 Manual will re-
    main in use pending review of public comments
    on the 1991 proposed Manual and the ongoing
    National Academy of Sciences study of wet-
    lands delineation.
         The 1987 manual organizes field indica-
    tors into three categories- soils, vegetation, and
    hydrology- and has evidence thresholds, or cri-
    teria, for each category. With this approach, an
    area that meets all three criteria is considered a
    wetland.
                       <£# Printed on Recycled Paper

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                   United States
                   Environmental Protection
                   Agency
                       Office of Water (WH-556F),
                       Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
                       and Watersheds (A-104 F)
          EPA843-F-93-001 m
          March 1993
oEPA
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #13
Wetlands  Enforcement
      In addition to jointly implementing the
Qean Water Act Section 404 program, EPA and
the U5. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) share
Section 404 enforcement authority. There are two
broad categories of Section 404 violations:

    • failure to comply with the terms or
      conditions of a Section 404 permit
    • discharging dredged or fill material
      to waters of the U.S. without first
      obtaining a permit

In 1989, EPA and the Corps entered into a Memo-
randum of Agreement (MOA) on enforcement to
ensure efficient and effective implementation of
this shared authority. Under the MO A, the Corps,
as the Federal permitting agency, has the lead on
Corps-issued  permit violation cases.   For
unpermitted discharge cases, EPA and the Corps
determine the appropriate lead agency based on
criteria in the MOA.
                               Turning to judicial enforcement, Sections
                         309(b) and (d) and 404(s) give EPA and the Corps
                         the authority to pursue civil judicial enforcement
                         actions seeking restoration and other types of
                         injunctive relief, as well as civil penalties. The
                         agencies also have authority under Section 309(c)
                         to bring criminal judicial enforcement actions for
                         knowing or negligent violations of Section 404.
      The goals of EPA's Section 404
enforcement are three-fold:  environ-
mental protection; deterrence; and fair
and equitable treatment of the regu-
lated community. In addition to vol-
untary compliance, which plays an im-
portant role in the Section 404 enforce-
ment program, Sections 309 and 404 of
the Qean Water Act provide the agen-
cies with several formal enforcement
mechanisms to use in achieving these
goals. -

      In the administrative arena, un-
der Section 309(a), EPA can issue ad-
ministrative compliance orders requir-
ing a violator to stop any ongoing ille-
gal discharge activity and, where ap-
propriate,  to remove the illegal dis-
charge and otherwise restore the site.
Section 309(g) authorizes EPA and the
Corps to assess administrative civil
penalties of no more than $125,000 per
violation.
                                     CASE SECTION ,<
                                                v   v  VS^1*
                               EPA and the Corps consider a wide vari-
                         ety of factors when deciding whether to exercise
                         our enforcement discretion and, if so, what type of
                         enforcement action to initiate. These factors in-
                         clude: the amount of fill; the size of the waterbody,
                         including acres of wetlands filled and their envi-
                         ronmental significance; the discharger's previous
                         experience with Section 404 requirements and the
                         discharger's compliance history.

                                In general, EPA and the Corps prefer to
                         resolve Section 404 violations through voluntary
                         compliance or administrative enforcement.
                              & Administrative

                              • judicial
                   o
                  •»«
                  s
                             1990
   1991

Fiscal Year
                                                       1992
                       EPA Section 404 enforcement actions (initiated)
     FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
*oootnctcr operated
                                               (^ Printed on Recycled Paper

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         Wetlands  Criminal Enforcement
      Since enactment of the Clean Water Act,
EPA and the Corps have taken fewer than 20
criminal enforcement actions in response to Sec-
tion 404 violations. Moreover, of those found
guilty of criminal Section 404 violations, fewer
than 10 of these violators have actually been
sentenced to jail time. As demonstrated by the
following examples, EPA and the Corps reserve
their criminal enforcement authority for only
the most flagrant and egregious Section  404
violations.

   United States v. Pozsgai


      In December 1989, a Philadelphia jury
convicted John Pozsgai on 40 counts of know-
ingly filling wetlands in Bucks County, Pennsyl-
vania, without a Section 404 permit. Mr. Pozsgai
was sentenced to three years in jail, ordered to
restore the site upon his release, and assessed a
fine. His conviction and sentence have been
affirmed by the U5. Supreme Court.

      Even prior to purchasing the 14-acre tract
in 1987, Mr. Pozsgai was told by private consult-
ants that the site contained wetlands subject to
the permitting requirements of Section 404. He
purchased the property at a reduced price due to
the presence of wetlands, and then proceeded to
ignore no less than 10 warnings from EPA and
Corps field staff to stop filling the wetlands
without first getting a Section 404 permit.  He
also defied a temporary restraining order (TRO)
issued by a Federal court judge.  In fact, the
government documented violations of the TRO
on videotape, thanks to thecooperation of neigh-
bors whose homes were being flooded as a result
of Mr. Pozsgai's filling in his wetlands.

     United States v. Ellen
      In January 1991, William Ellen was found
       r a Maryland jury of knowingly filling 86
acres of wetlands without a Section 404 permit
He was sentenced to six months in jail and one
year supervised release. TheU5.SupremeCourt
denied review of the conviction and sentence.

      Mr. Ellen is a consultant who was hired
by Paul Tudor Jones to assist in the location and
creation of a private hunting dub and wildlife
preserve'on Maryland's Eastern Shore. With
Mr. Ellen's assistance, Jones selected a 3,000-
acre site in Dorchester County that  bordered
Chesapeake Bay tributaries and consisted largely
of forested wetlands and tidal marshes.  As
project manager, Mr. Ellen was responsible for
acquiring environmental permits  and comply-
ing with all applicable environmental rules and
regulations. His own consulting  engineers re-
peatedly told him  that a Section 404 permit
would be required. Nevertheless, he supervised
extensive excavation and construction work
destroying wetlands at the site  without first
obtaining a Section 404 permit Despite repeated
warnings to  Mr. Ellen from the Corps, this
unpermitted activity didnotstopuntiltheCorps
contacted the subcontractors directly.
       For more information: contact the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
'contractor operated
                    <£& Printed on Recycled Paper

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                    United States
                    Environmental Protection
                    Agency
                        Office of Water (WH-556F).
                        Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
                        and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001y
March 1993
vvEPA
WETLANDS  FACT SHEET #25
Wetlands  and  Runoff
       Since wetlands are typically the lowest
points on the landscape, they often receive runoff
from surrounding land. Runoff can be collected,
conveyed or discharged from conduits, pipes,
animal feedlots, waste treatment plants or float-
ing crafts. In addition, precipitation, atmospheric
deposition, seepage, or hydrologic modifications
can result in runoff that moves over and through
the ground picking up natural or anthropogenic
pollutants, which then become deposited directly
into surface or groundwater. In either case, as
runoff move across the land, water picks up and
carries with it pollutants which ultimately end up
in rivers, lakes, groundwater, and wetlands.
            V V-
             X
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         -     s    -      ', -,        'v
         Because iwedauds' have a sataral
         •    •1'-       ••••
^' ^ lipaiisa aneas^as one part
*> --ss^fx^-- -^ri^-X^ >,5 Xv "^ s ^'Ji «Sx% *^» J^V ' «%»&
:   tionis: ^'What can wetlands safdyhandlt
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. •>••> %i^L.%AJB^—.iui AiL.s_-* '.tij.— >.j._Si«.*	*:	A	3t ^^^ -jJi-kS*
         "™—^--""""^ ~v	* <~'Sr"^"<»/
         o * *. w* i 5^_ A ^^^ *X > vV H^Oa^l
             niMjakesiej  pr^tkass
             iVS^
                             EPA PROGRAMS
                                 Clean Water Act §402(p)
                                 Section 402(p) requires stormwa ter permits
                                 for four major classes of stormwater dis-
                                 charges:  (Da discharge with respect to
                                 which a permit has been issued under Sec-
                                 tion 402 before the date of the enactment of
                                 this subsection, (2) a discharge associated
                                 with industrial activity, (3) a discharge from
                                 a municipal separate stormwater  sewer
                                 system serving an incorporated or unincor-
                                 porated, urbanized population greater than
                                 100,000,  and (4) a discharge that contrib-
                                 utes to a violation of a water quality stan-
                                 dard or is a significant contributor of pol-
                                 lutants to waters of the United States. This
                                 program has issued guidance for prepara-
                                 tion of permit applications for regulated
                                 municipal and industrial stormwater dis-
                                 charges. In addition, it stresses the use of
                                 best management practices (BMPs) to mini-
                                 mize or eliminate the contribution of pol-
                                 lutants to stormwater discharges to waters
                                 of the United States, including wetlands.

                                 Clean Water Act §319
                                 EPA supports a national program to con-
                                 trol nonpoint sources of pollution.  EPA
                                 stresses  a watershed based approach to
                                 nonpoint source  management which can
                                 include protection or restoration of wet-
                                 lands and riparian areas to reduce nonpoint
                                 source pollution. EPA has funded a num-
                                 ber of these projects under Section 319(h).

                                 Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
                                 Amendments (CZARA) of 1990 §6217
                                 EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmo-
                                 spheric Administration have developed
                                 guidarK^spedfyingnunagementmeasures
                                 for nonpoint source pollution affecting
                                 coastal waters.  Included in the guidance
                                 (released January 1993) is a chapter on pro-
                                 tection and restoration of wetlands and
                                 riparian areas, and use of vegetated treat-
                                 ment systems for nonpoint source control.
     FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
'contractor operated
                                                 ^ Printed on Recycled Paper

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»^N^\^XX^^..«v» W^-^^s^^s^NWSsvAs^X^vC \\^x •> XV-'S^'-'-X^-X- -y.>v% ^
,;;^ lJ^mEAT?p^lINpFF^
s ^V* »'r»*'-jr1»nx«'--W««^^'«vi»v«>*(»>''':'» ^'viixi
                                             off resulted in mortality and deformities of wild-
                                             life populations, particularly fish and migratory
                                             birds.
                                                                  1 \
       Untreated runoff from agricultural land,
 urban areas, and other sources is a leading cause
 of water quality impairment.  Siltation, excess
 nutrients, changes to water flows such as, more
 frequent inundation, and increased turbidity are
 responsible for most of the impacts to wetlands
 from runoff.

       Impacts to wetlands have resulted in con-
 sequences such as changed species composition,
 increased pollutant loadings (e.g., heavy metals),
 and replacing complex wetland systems with less
 desired open water. Modifications of wetlands
 associated with some stormwater management
 practices have resulted in significant impacts to
 wetlands.

       Some  impacts have been particularly
 tragic, such as in Kesterson and Stillwater Wild-
 life Refuges, where untreated, contaminated run-
                                                    CURRENT
                                                EPA is developing technical information
                                          that landowners can use to protect the many func-
                                          tions of wetlands, including water quality im-
                                          provement. An issue paper highlighting the im-
                                          pacts of stormwater on wetlands entitled, Natural
                                          Wetlands and Urban Stormwater: Potential Impacts
                                          and Management, is available through the EPA
                                          Wetlands Hotline. A guide describing best man-
                                          agement practices to pretreat stormwater runoff
                                          before it enters a natural wetland is also being
                                          developed. Additional materials on wetlands pro-
                                          tection and restoration  for nonpoint source ben-
                                          efits will be developed to assist in implementation
                                          of the wetlands and riparian areas chapter in the
                                          CZARA Management Measures Guidance. EPA
                                          will continue to work to address potential oppor-
                                          tunities and conflicts regarding wetlands and pro-
                                          grams addressing runoff.
    ADDITIONAL INFORMATION;            -     '                     . \ "\ v v%*
    • For additional information regarding the Section 319program or&eCZARA gtdlano^ ({?'
       contact the EPA Nonpoinl Source Control Branch at (202)260-7100.        /„  /  ^^
    • For additional information about the Section 402 stormwater program, contact the      '**
       Stormwater Hotline at (703) 821-4823.
     FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the €PA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
•contractor operated
                                                                   <£3) Printed on Recycled Paper

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                         United Stales
                         Environmental Protection
                         Agency
                          Office of Water (WH-556F).
                          Office of Wetlands. Oceans,
                          and Watersheds (A-104 F)
            EPA843-F-93-001ee
            March 1993
    £EPA
WETLANDS  FACT SHEET #31
Environmental  Protection Agency:
Directory
    OFFICE OF WATER • OFFICE OF WETLANDS, OCEANS, AND WATERSHEDS
    Robert Wayland, III, Director
    David Davis, Deputy Director
    Tel: (202) 260-7166
    Fax:(202)260-6294

    U.S. EPA
    WETLANDS DIVISION (A-104F)
    401 M Street, SW
    Washington, DC 20460

    John Meagher, Director
    Suzanne Schwartz, Deputy Director
    Tel: (202) 260-7791
    Fax (202) 260-2356
                WETLANDS AND AQUATIC
            RESOURCES REGULATORY BRANCH
                   Tel: (202) 260-1799
                   Fax: (202) 260-7546

            Gregory. Peck, Chief

            Enforcement and Regulatory Policy
            Section
            Cliff Rader, Chief

            Elevated Cases Section
            Will Garvey, Chief
WETLANDS STRATEGIES AND STATE
       PROGRAMS BRANCH
       Tel: (202)260-9043
       Fax: (202) 260-8000

Glenn Eugster, Chief

Outreach and State Programs Section
Jeanne Melanson, Chief

Wetlands Strategies and Initiatives
Section
Dianne Fish, Chief
    REGIONAL WETLANDS CONTACTS
    Region I: CT, MA, ME, MH, RI, VT
    Douglas Thompson, Chief
    Wetlands Protection Section (WWP-1900)
    US. EPA-Region I
    John F. Kennedy Federal Building
    Boston, MA 02203-1911
    Tel: (617) 565-4421
    Fax: (617)565-4940

    Region II: NJ, NY, PR, VI
    Daniel MonteUa, Chief
    Wetlands Section (2WM-MWP)
    US. EPA-Region II
    26 Federal Plaza, Room 837
    New York, NY  10278
    Tel: (212)264-5170
    Fax: (212)264-4690

    Region III: DE, MD, PA, VA, WV
    Barbara D'Angelo, Chief
    Wetlands Protection Section
    (3ES42)
    US. EPA-Region 111
    841 Chestnut Street
    Philadelphia, PA 19107
—-Tel:- Gl§ 597-9301
    Fax: (215) 597-1850

    Region IV: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC,
    TN
    Tom Welborn, Chief
    Wetlands Regulatory Section
    US. EPA-Region IV
    345 Courtland Street, N.E
    Atlanta, GA  30365
    Tel: (404) 347-4015
    Fax: (404) 347-3269
            Region V: 1L, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI   x
            Douglas Ehorn, Chief
            Wetlands and Watersheds Section
            (WQW-16J)
            US. EPA-Region V
            77 West Jackson Boulevard
            Chicago, IL  60604
            Tel: (312)886-0243
            Fax: (312)886-7804

            Region VI: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX
            Beverly Ethridge, Chief
            Wetlands Protection Section (6E-FT)
            US. EPA-Region VI
            1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 900
            Dallas, TX 75202
            Tel: (214)655-2263
            Fax: (214)655-7446

            Region VII: IA, KS, MO, NE
            Diane Hershberger, Chief
            Wetlands Protection Section (ENRV)
            US. EPA-Region VII
            726 Minnesota Avenue
            Kansas City, KS  66101
            Tel: (913)551-7573
            Fax: (913) 551-7863

            Region VIII:  CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY
            Gene Reetz, Chief
            Wetlands Protection Section (8WM-WQJ
            US. EPA-Region VIII
            999 18th Street
            500 Denver Place
            Denver, CO  80202-2405
            Tel: (303) 293-1570
            Fax: (303)391-6957
Region IX: AZ, CA, HI, NV, Pacific Islands
Philip Oshida, Chief
Wetlands and Coastal Planning Section
(W-7-4)
US. EPA-Region IX
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA  94105
Tel: (415)744-1971
Fax: (415)744-1078

Region X: AK, ID, OR, WA
William Riley, Chief
Wetlands Section (WD-128)
US. EPA-Region X
1200 Sixth A venue
Seattle, WA 98101
Tel: (206) 553-1412
Fax: (206)553-1775
        FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
   •contractor operated
                                                                              , Printed on Recycled Paper

-------
                United States
                Environmental Protection
                Agency
           Office of Water (WH-556F),
           Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
           and Watersheds (A-104 F)
           EPA843-F-93-001ff
           March 1993
&EPA    WETLANDS  FACT SHEET #32
                Corps of  Engineers
                Regulatory  Program  Directory
Michael L. Davis
Assistant for Regulatory Affairs
Office of the Assistant Sec. of Army
(CW)
Room 2E569 The Pentagon
Washington, D.C. 20310-0108
Tel: (703)695-1376
Fax (703)697-3366

John F. Studt
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Branch (CECW-OR)
20 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20314-1000
Tel: (202)272-0199
Fax: (202)504-5069

LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
DIVISION

Leo Max Reed
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Lower Mississippi Valley Division
(CELMV-CO-R)
P.O. Box 80
Vicksburg, MS 39180-0080
(601)634-5818

Memphis District

Larry D. Watson
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Memphis District (CELMM-CO-R)
B-202 Clifford Davis Federal
Building
Memphis, TN  38103-1894
(901)544-3471

New Orleans

Ronald J. Ventola
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New Orleans District (CELMN-OD-
R)
P.O. Box 60267
New Orleans, LA 70160-0267
(504) 862-2270
St. Louis District

Michael Brazier
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
St. Louis District (CELMS-OD-R)
1222 Spruce Street
St. Louis, MO 63103-2833
(314) 331-8575

Vicksburg District

E. Guynes
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Vicksburg District (CELMK-OD-V)
35151-20 Frontage Road
Vicksburg, MS 39180-5191
(601)631-5276

MISSOURI RIVER DIVISION

Mores V. Bergman
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Missouri River Division (CEMRD-
CO-R)
P.O. Box 103, Downtown Station
Omaha, NE  68101-0103
(402) 221-7290

Kansas City District

Mel Jewett
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Kansas City District (CEMRK-OD-R)
700 Federal Building
Kansas City, MO 64106-2896
(816) 426-3645

Omaha District

John Morton
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Omaha District (CEMRO-OP-N)
215 North 17th Street
Omaha, NE  68102-4978
(402) 221-4133
NEW ENGLAND DIVISION

William R. Lawless
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New England Division (CNEED-
OD-P)
424 Trapelo Road
Waltham,MA  02254-9149
(617) 647-8057

NORTH ATLANTIC DIVISION

Lenny Kotkiewicz
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
North Atlantic Division (CENAD-
CO-OP)
90 Church Street
New York, NY 10007-9998
(212) 264-7535

Baltimore District

Donald W. Roeseke
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Baltimore District (CENAB-OP-PN)
P.O. Box 1715
Baltimore, MD 31203-1715
(301) 962-3670

New York District

Joseph Seebode
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New York District (CENAN-PL-E)
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278-0090
(212) 264-3996

Norfolk District

William H.Poore, Jr.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Norfolk District (CENAO-OP-N)
803 Front Street
Norfolk, VA 23510-1096
(804) 441-7068
                                                                       continued.-
                                                                 & Printed on Recycled Paper

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                   US Army Corp*
Directory  Continued
 Philadelphia District

 Frank Qanfrani
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Philadelphia District (CENAP-OP-
 N)
 Wanamaker Building
 100 Penn Square East
 Philadelphia, PA 19107-3390
 (215) 656-6725

 NORTH CENTRAL DIVISION

 Mitchell A. Isoe
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 North Central Division (CENCD-
 CO-MO)
 536 S. Clark Street
 Chicago, IL 60605-1592
 (312) 353-6379

 Buffalo District

 Paul G. Leuchner
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Buffalo District
 1776 Niagara Street
 Buffalo, NY 14207-3199
 (716) 879-4313

 Chicago District

 Jim Evans
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Chicago District (CENCC-CO)
 219 S. Dearborn Street
 Chicago, IL 60604-1797
 (312) 353-6428

 Detroit District

 Gary R. Mannesto
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Detroit District (CENCE-CO-OR)
 P.OTBoxl027
 Detroit, MI 48231-1027
 (313) 226-2432

""RockIsland District

 Steven J. Vander Horn
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Rock Island District (CENCR-OD-R)
 P.O. Box 2004
 Clock Tower Building
 Rock Island, IL 61204-2004
 (309)788-6361
 St. Paul District

 Ben Wopat
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 St. Paul District (CENCS-SO-PO)
 1421 USPO & Custom House
 180 East Kellog Boulevard
 St. Paul, MN 5510M479
 (612) 220-0375

 NORTH PACIFIC DIVISION

 John Zammit
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 North Pacific Division (CENPD-CO-
 R)
 P.O. Box 2870
 Portland, OR  97208-2870
 (503) 326-3780

 Alaska District

 Robert K. Oja
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Alaska District (CENPA-CO-NF)
 P.O. Box 898
 Anchorage, AK 99506-0898
 (907) 753-2712

 Portland District

 Burt Paynter
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Portland District (CENPP-OP-PN)
 P.O. Box 2946
 Portland, OR  97208-2946
 (503) 326-6995

 Seattle District

 Tom Mueller
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Seattle District (CENPS-OP-PO)
 P.O.BoxC-3755
 Seattle, WA 98124-2255
 (206) 764-3495

 Walla Walla District

 Dean Hilliard
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Walla Walla District (CENPW-OP-
 RM)
 City-County Airport
 Walla Walla, WA  99362-9265
 (509) 522-6720 or (509) 522-6724
OHIO RIVER DIVISION

Roger D. Graham
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Ohio River Division (CEORD-CO-
OR)
P.O. Box 1159
Cincinnati, OH  45201-1159
(513) 684-3972

Huntington District

MikeGheen
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Huntington District (CEORH-OR-R)
502 8th Street
Huntington, WV 25701-2070
(304) 529-5487

Louisville District

Don Purvis
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
        (CEORH-OR-R)
P.O. Box 59
Louisville, KY 40201-0059
(502)582-6461

Nashville District

Joseph R. Castleman
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Nashville District (CEORN-OR-R)
P.O. Box 1070
Nashville, TN 37202-1070
(615) 736-5181

Pittsburgh District

E. Raymond Beringer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Pittsburgh District (CEORP-OR-R)
1000 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA  15222-4186
(412) 644-6872

PACIFIC OCEAN DIVISION

Mike Lee
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Pacific Ocean Division (CEPOD-CO-
O)
Building 230
Fort Shafter, HI  96858-5440
(808) 438-9258
                                                                                continued...
                                                                           %& Printed on Recycled Paper

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                US Army Corp*
Directory  Continued
 SOUTH ATLANTIC DIVISION

 James M. Kdly
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 South Atlantic Division (CESAD-
 CO-R)
 Room 313
 77 Forsythe Street, SW
 Atlanta, GA  30335-6801
 (404) 331-2778

 Charleston District

 Clarence H. Ham
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Charleston District (CESAC-CO-M)
 P.O. Box 919
 Charleston, SC  29402-0919
 (803) 724-4330

 Jacksonville District

 John Hall
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Jacksonville District (CESAJ-CO-OR)
 P.O. Box 4970
 400 West Ray Street
 Jacksonville, FL  32232-0019
 (904) 791-1666

 Mobile District

 RpnKrizman
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Mobile District (CESAM-OP-R)
 109 St. Josevph Street
 P.O. Box 2288
 Mobile, AL 36628-0001
 (205)690-2658

 Savannah District

 NickOgden
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Savannah District (CESAS-OP-R)
 P.O. Box 889
 Savannah, GA 31402-0889
 (912)944-5347

 Wilmington District

G. Wayne Wright
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District (CESAW-CO-R)
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
(919) 251-4629
    SOUTH PACIFIC DIVISION

    Theodore E. Durst
    U.S Army Corps of Engineers
    S. Pacific Division (CESPD-CO-O)
    630 Sansome Street, Room 1216
    San Francisco, CA 94111-2206
    (415) 705-1443

    Los Angeles District

    John Gill
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    Los Angeles District (CESPL-CO-O)
    P.O. Box 2711
    Los Angeles, CA 90053-2325
    (213) 894-5606

    Sacramento District

    Art Champ
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    Sacramento District (CESPK-CO-O)
    650 Capitol Mall
    Sacramento, CA 95814-4794
    (916)551-2275

    San Francisco District

    Calvin C. Fong
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    San Francisco District
            (CESPN-CO-O)
    211 Main Street
    San Francisco, CA 94105-1905
    (415) 744-3036

    SOUTHWESTERN DIVISION

    Ken Waldie
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    Southwestern Division (CESWD-
    CO-R)
    1114 Commerce Street
    Dallas, TX 75242-0216
    (214) 767-2432 or (214) 767-2436

    Albuquerque District

    Andrew J. Rosenau
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    Albuquerque District (CESWA-CO-
    O)
    P.O. Box 1580
    Albuquerque, MM 87103-1508
    (505) 766-2776
Fort Worth District

Wayne A. Lea
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Fort Worth District (CESWF-OD-M)
P.O. Box 17300
Fort Worth, TX 76102-0300
(817)334-2681

Galveston District

CurtBatey
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Galveston District (CESWG-CO-MO)
P.O. Box 1229
Galveston, TX 77553-1229
(409) 766-3930

Little Rock District

Louie C. Cockmon, Jr.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Little Rock District (CESWL-CO-L)
P.O. Box 867
Little Rock, AR 72203-0867
(501) 324-52%

Tulsa District

Dave Manning
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Tulsa District (CESWT-OD-R)
P.O. Box 61
Tulsa, OK 74121-0061
(918) 581-7261

WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT
STATION

Russell F.Theriot, Manager
Wetlauids Research Program
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterways Experiment Station
Environmental Laboratory
        (CEWES-EL-W)
3909 Halls Ferry Road
Vicksburg,MS 39180-6199
(601)634-2733
(601) 634-3528 (fax)
                                                                           1 Printed on Recycled Papa

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                         Civil Works
                                Division/District  Boundaries
NORTH PACIFIC
                            NEW ENGLAND

                              N»\_
                                  WALTHAM
                                  fc

                                NEW YORK
                                1PHU
                            !J*LTIMO«E NORTH
                                 ATLANTIC
                                                       NORTH CENTRAL


                   >'SOUTH PACIFIC
KANSAS CfTY/sTL
                              ALBuJue^ SOUTHWESTERN
    LOWER
  MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
               HAWAII
     PACIFIC OCEAN
                         • DIVISION AND DISTRCT HEADQUARTERS
                         • DIVISION HEADQUARTERS
                         A DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS
                        — STATE BOUNDARIES
                         •• DISTRICT BOUNDARIES
                        — DIVISION BOUNDARIES
                      |l-** SOUTH ATLANTIC
                  PUCNTO nco «nd
                  VMOIN ISLANDS

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                                                      Exhibit A-3
EPA Regional Offices
                                     WISC 1 MICH


                                  IOWA  v-CWcago
                                           PUERTO
                                            RICO
Regions
4 —
10 -
9 -
6 —
9 -
8 -
1 —
3 -
3 —
4 —
4 —
9 —
10 -
5 -
5 -
7 —
7 —
4 	
6 —
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
D.C.
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
1
3
1
5
5
4
7
8
7
9
1
2
6
2
4
8
5
6
10
Regions
— Maine
— Maryland
— Massachusetts
— Michigan
— Minnesota
— Mississippi
— Missouri
— Montana
— Nebraska
— Nevada
— New Hampshire
— New Jersey
— New Mexico
— New York
— North Carolina
— North Dakota
— Ohio
— Oklahoma
— Oregon

3
1
4
8
4
6
8
1
3
10
3
5
8
9
9
2
2


Regions
— Pennsylvania
— Rhode Island
— South Carolini
— South Dakota
— Tennessee
— Texas
— Utah
— Vermont
— Virginia
— Washington
— West Virginia
— Wisconsin
— Wyoming
— American Sam
— Guam
— Puerto Rico
— Virgin Islands


 Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
A-46
Appendix A

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                         Appendix B:

Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the Discharge of
                        Vessel Sewage

-------
Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the Discharge of Vessel
Sewage

There are nine key Federal programs that have influenced current thinking on the discharge of
sanitary waste from vessels, a common source of nonpoint pollution.  Programs, as used in this
section, are restricted to Federal programs which provide financial, technical, and/or policy
support to organizations and governments on the subject of vessel sewage discharges.  These
programs, and their related tools, were developed by direction of five key Federal statutes (and
their subsequent amendments), including the:

   •      Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 (subsequently called the Clean Water
          Act)
   •      Clean Vessel Act of 1992
   •      Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
   •      Sea Grant College Program Act of 1966
   •      Public Health Service Act of 1944

A timeline of these statutes and their major amendments or reauthorizations is shown in Exhibit
B-l.

The nine Federal programs or activities derived from the five pieces of key legislation are:

          No Discharge Area Approval
          Nonpoint Source Implementation Grants (319 Program)
          Capitalization Grants for State Revolving Funds
          National Estuaries Program
          Clean Vessel Act Grant
          Coastal Zone Management Administration Awards
          Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program
          Sea Grant Support
          National Shellfish Sanitation Program

Exhibit B-2 illustrates the relationship of the five statutes to these nine programs.  The designated
administrator of the  legislation is indicated along with any regulations developed  for these
programs.

A detailed summary of each program follows. An overview of these nine Federal  programs is
provided  in  Exhibit  B-3.    This  exhibit  summarizes the authorized  agency  (e.g.,  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency), participant eligibility requirements (e.g., coastal  states only),
and the type of support the program provides (i.e., grant, supplementary protection  designation,
guidelines/guidance, information, or certification) for each of the programs.

Exhibits B-4 through B-12, organized by agency, provide a summary for each Federal program
using the following standard categories:

•  Area of Focus. Intent and purpose of the program.

•  Pertinence to  Control of  Vessel Discharges.  Relevance  of program to vessel pollution
   control and prevention.
Appendix B                              B-l                          Federal Programs

-------
•  Type.    Categorizes  the  program into:  grant,  supplemental  protection  designation,
   guidelines/guidance, information, and/or certification.

•  Authorized Agency. Agency authorized/required by legislation to implement the program.

•  Key  Contact.  Agency,  office,  address, and telephone number to contact for additional
   program information.

•  Legislative Authority.  Statute authorizing/requiring implementation of the program.

•  Program Objective. Key purpose of the program.

•  Eligible Applicants. Government entities and individuals eligible for program support.

•  Application Deadlines.  Fixed deadlines for grant applications.

•  Funding Requirements.  Program requirements to fulfill prior to consideration for funding.

•  Program Restrictions. Any restrictions on the use of program support.

•  Additional Information.  List of significant supplementary sources  for additional program
   information.

A map showing the areas approved as No Discharge Areas by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency as of late May 1994 is presented in Exhibit B-4 as an appendix to the No Discharge Area
approval program description.

Although the five key  Federal statutes are  all  related to coastal and inland water bodies and
coastal areas, there are minor differences and often ambiguities in the exact definitions of these
water bodies and areas, which have an effect on the interpretation of the legislation.  Exhibit B-13
presents example coastal ocean and Great Lakes areas to depict the coastal  area definitions.
Exhibit B-14 summarizes the applicability of the states and territories to the definitions of "coastal
State," "Great Lakes State,"  "United States," and "State" used in the relevant legislation.
Federal Programs                          B-2                                Appendix B

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                                                             Exhibit B-l
  Chronology Of Legislation Related  To
  Vessel Sewage Discharge And Management
                                                            Public Health
                                                          Service Act of 1944
          Federal Water Pollution
           Control Act of 1956
                           National Sea Grant
                         College Program Act of
                              1966
                                                           , Major Amendment,
                                                           t or Reauthorization
             Coastal Zone Manag
          ment Act of 1972
   1970
   1975
   1980
   1985
   1990
        ,  Federal Water Pollution <
         Control Act Amendments '
         Clean Water Act of 1977
        , Water Quality Act of 1987 <
                        i   Sea Grant College   '
                          Program Improvement '
                             Act of 1976    '
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
   Amendments of 1990
                                         Clean Vessel Act of 1992
Appendix B
                   B-3
Federal Programs

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                                                                                                                                                                           Exhibit B-2
   Relationship Of Federal Legislation And Programs
                EPA Grant Regualtions
                (40CFR§30,31&35)
                                                                                          Cp!*stk Zones Managewjeat Act
                                                                                       U.S. Department of
                                                                                       Commerce. National
                                                                                     Oceanic and Atmospheric
                                                                                         Administration
U.S. Department of
Commerce, National
   Oceanic and
   Atmospheric
  Administration
'Includes only those regulations related to the indicated programslactivities

-------
Overview Of Federal Programs
                                                                                                       Exhibit B-3
                «• -'•;"
                 *FA
;;•**>**
" "'<**t>
                                                                     :*?;'•
                                                                     < v *", 4
                                                                     ''$*-, «
 No Discharge Area
 Approval
 Nonpoint Source
 Implementation
 Grants (319
 Program)
 Capitalization
 Grants for State
 Revolving Funds
         .**
               ,**
                           ,**
 National Estuary
 Program
 Clean Vessel Act
 Grant Program
 Coastal Zone
 Management
 Admin. Awards
 Coastal Nonpoint
 Pollution Control
 Program
 Sea Grant Support
 National Shellfish
 Sanitation Program
 *Eligible through designated state agency
 **Loans and other financial assistance from a State Revolving Fund may be used for these activities

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                                                          Exhibit B-4
"No Discharge Area" Approval
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
'~~ *-^
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Protection of waters through prohibition of all vessel sewage discharges
• Restricts boaters from discharging treated/untreated sewage in
approved protection areas
• Typically requires adequate boater pumpout facilities and dump
stations in No Discharge Area
• Enhances environmental quality of boating, swimming, and
shellfish harvesting areas
Supplemental protection designation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202)260-1952
Clean Water Act §312
To provide additional protection and enhancement of all or some of the
waters within a state that require greater environmental protection
Any interested party (i.e., local government, harbor master) with a
request from the state's chief environmental officer or the Governor
None
N/A
Applicant generally must demonstrate that the proposed No Discharge
Area is necessary for environmental purposes and that adequate dump
stations and pumpout facilities exist
• 40 CFR §140
• "Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking No-Discharge
Area Designation for New England Coastal Waters" (1991;
EPA Region I)
     Not applicable.




Note: See following page for areas approved by EPA as "No Discharge Areas."




Source:  EPA, 1993b; EPA, 1991; and 40 CFR §140.4.
Federal Programs
B-6
Appendix B

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                                                                                                      Exhibit B-4(Cont'd)
EPA - Approved No Discharge Areas
                                                      25-mile radius
                                                      from junction of
                                                      Miss, and Minn.
                                                      Rivers (MN)
           Lake
           Menphremagog
           (VT)
     Lake     / NH (except
     Champlain/ tidal waters)
Lake (NY/VT)
George
(NY)
Boundary
Waters
Canoe Area*
Wisconsin
(except Lake
Superior)
        Michigan
        (all State
        waters)
                                                  New Mexico
                                                  (all State   I Missouri (except
                                                  water* t     I Miss. River and
                                                  waters-*     'Bullshot
                                                             Lake)
                                                                                     Destin
                                                                                     Harbor, PL
                                                                                                                    Waquoit
                                                                                                                    "Bay, MA

                                                                                                                    Nantucket
                                                                                                                    Island, MA
                                                                                                                  Wareham
                                                                                                                  Harbor, MA
               Block
               Island, RI
                                                         24 man-made
                                                         freshwater lakes (TX)
Note: All freshwater lakes, freshwater reservoirs, or other freshwater impoundments whose inlets or outlets prevent the ingress or egress by vessel subject to
     CWA §312, or in rivers not capable of navigation by interstate vessel traffic subject to CWA §312 are No Discharge Areas under 40 CFR Part I40.3(a)(l).
     Current as of June 1994. This list will be updated periodically.

*ANo Discharge Area under CWA §312(f)(4)(A).

Source; EPA, 1991; EPA, 1993b

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                                             Exhibit B-5
Nonpoint Source Implementation Grants (319
Program)
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
^Additional Information:
Implementation of EPA-approved state nonpoint source management
programs
• Supports and provides guidance on implementation of state
nonpoint source management programs
• Identifies vessel sewage discharges as nonpoint source pollution
Grants; guidance
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
Assessment and Watershed Protection Division
Nonpoint Source Control Branch
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 260-7100
Clean Water Act §319(h)
To assist states in implementing EPA-approved Section 319 nonpoint
source management programs
Lead nonpoint source agency in the states, the District of Columbia,
American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, Pacific
Trust Territories, Virgin Islands, and Indian Tribes (funds can be
distributed to other agencies or organizations through the nonpoint
source agency)
Set by the EPA Regional Offices
At least 40 percent of project or program costs must be provided by
non-Federal sources; state must meet maintenance of effort
requirements (contained in Clean Water Act)
Grants may be used only to support implementation of EPA-approved
state nonpoint source management programs, and not to develop new
programs or plans
• "EPA's Final Nonpoint Source Guidance" (February 1991)
• "EPA Assistance Administration Manual" (available from the
National Technical Information Service)
• "General Regulation for Assistance Programs" (available from
EPA)
Source: Clean Water Act §319; NOAA & EPA, 1993; and EOP & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-8
Appendix B

-------
                                                 Exhibit B-6
Capitalization Grants For State Revolving
Funds
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Construction of publicly-owned wastewater treatment works;
implementation of a nonpoint source management program (under §319
of the Clean Water Act); development and implementation of an estuary
conservation and management plan (under §320 of Clean Water Act)
• Supports construction of public marina on-site wastewater
treatment facility
• Supports upgrade of municipal facilities to handle vessel
sewage
• Supports implementation of nonpoint source control programs
Grants
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
Municipal Support Division, State Revolving Fund Branch
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 260-7366
Clean Water Act §319
To assist state and local governments with financing of municipal
wastewater treatment facilities
States, territories, and possessions of the United States (including the
District of Columbia)
July 3 of the year following the year of appropriation
Grants are placed into a State Revolving Fund, which is used to provide
loans and other types of financial assistance (not grants) to local
communities and intermunicipal and interstate agencies; not more than 4
percent of the capitalization grant can be used for the administration
costs of the State Revolving Fund; the state is required to match 20
percent of the grant
Indian tribes are not eligible to receive capitalization grants
• "State Revolving Fund Management Manual" (available from
Key Contact)
• "EPA Assistance GAD Administrative Manual" (available from
the National Technical Information Service)
• 40 CFR §31 and §35, Subpart K
Source: Clean Water Act §319, 601-607; and EOF & GSA, 1993.
Appendix B
B-9
Federal Programs

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                                                   Exhibit B-7
National Estuary Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Reduction of point and nonpoint sources of pollution in estuaries of
national significance (through public awareness programs and water
quality baseline assessments, monitoring, and field surveys)
• Provides support and guidance on development/implementation
of estuary water quality public awareness programs
• Provides funding and guidance on baseline water quality data
collection in support of other programs or enforcement actions
Grants;. supplemental protection designation; guidelines; information
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 260-6502
Clean Water Act §320
To protect and restore coastal resources in estuaries of national
significance and to develop a Comprehensive Conservation and
"Management Plan for each estuary designated by the EPA
Administrator
State water pollution control agencies; interstate and intrastate agencies;
other public or nonprofit private agencies; nonprofit institutions and
individuals within the geographic area of a priority estuary for study
under this program
June 1 for the following fiscal year
At least 25 percent of the aggregate project costs must be provided by
non-Federal sources
Proposed project must fit within scope of program (e.g., within an
estuary of national significance)
• "Financial Assistance for the National Estuary Program" (40
CFR, subpart P; Federal Register, Vol. 54, October 1989)
• "Saving Bays and Estuaries, a Primer for Establishing and
Managing Estuary Projects" (available from Key Contact)
• "EPA Assistance Administration Manual" (available from the
National Technical Information Service)
Source: NOAA & EPA, 1993; and EOP & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-10
Appendix B

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                                                             Exhibit B-8
 Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Dump station and pumpout station construction, renovation, operation,
and maintenance; facility and station development and planning (coastal
states only); related education/information programs; surveys of die
status of existing facilities and need for additional facilities (coastal
states only)
• Supports development, planning, construction, renovation,
operation, and maintenance of boater pumpout stations and
dump stations
• Provides support and guidance on grant application process
• Supports vessel discharge-related public awareness programs
Grants; guidelines
U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Aid
Arlington Square, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive
Arlington, VA 22203
(703) 358-1845
Clean Vessel Act of 1992
To provide funds to states for the construction, renovation, operation,
and maintenance of pumpout stations and dump stations to improve
water quality
An agency of the state designated by the Governor
May 1, 1994 (for FY 1995); May 1, 1995 (for FY 19%); and May 1,
1996 (for FY 1997)
At least 25 percent of the cost of the proposed activities must be funded
by other sources
Grants cannot be used for: activities that do not provide public
benefits; enforcement activities; construction/renovation of "upland"
restroom facilities; or construction, renovation, operation, and
maintenance of on-site sewage treatment plants and of municipal
sewage treatment plants
• Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 47 (March 10, 1994, pp.
11204-11209)
• Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 47 (March 10, 1994, pp.
11290-11306)
Sources:      DOI, 1993; Clean Vessel Act of 1992; Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, pp. 11204-
           11209; and Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, pp. 11290-11306.
Appendix B
B-ll
Federal Programs

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                                              Exhibit B-9
Coastal Zone Management Administration
Awards
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Coastal zone management administration funding (program includes coastal
wetlands management and protection, public access improvements, reduction
of marine debris, and special area management planning)
• Provides funding for the administration of state coastal zone
management programs (which potentially include pollution controls
on nonpoint sources, such as sewage from vessels)
Grants
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
Coastal Programs Division
1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20235
(202) 606-4158
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
To assist states in implementing and enhancing Coastal Zone Management
programs
Any coastal state (including Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific), whose
Coastal Zone Management program has been approved by the Secretary of
Commerce
Submit application 180 days prior to the beginning date of the grant
A percentage of the total project cost (which varies by fiscal year) must be
provided by non-Federal sources. Awards are primarily allocated by formula
based on coastal county population and miles of shoreline
Cooperative Agreements can be used only to implement and enhance the
states' approved Coastal Zone Management programs
• 15 CFR §923
Source: DOC, 1993a; CZMA §306 (as amended by CZARA); and EOP & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-12
Appendix B

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                                                 Exhibit B-10
 Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Guidance for the development of marina best management measures and
practices
• Provides support and guidance on the development of marina
and recreational boating-related best management measures and
practices (e.g., sewage facility management measure/practices)
• Provides tool for initial standardization of marina sewage
handling and other practices
Grants; guidance; information
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
Coastal Programs Division
1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20235
(202) 606-4158
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990
To assist states in the development of best management measures and
practices for marinas and other nonpoint pollution sources
Any coastal state (including Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the
Pacific), whose Coastal Zone Management program has been approved
by the Secretary of Commerce
Within 30 months of the publication of final management measures
guidance (i.e., July 1995)
At least 50 percent of program development costs must be provided by
non-Federal sources
Coastal Zone Management program approval under §306 of the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972
• "Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program
Development and Approval Guidance" (1993; available from
NOAA or EPA)
• "Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of
Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters" (1993; available from
EPA)
Source: CZARA §6217; DOC, 1993a; NOAA & EPA, 1993; and EPA, 1993a.
Appendix B
B-13
Federal Programs

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                                                     Exhibit B-11
Sea Grant Support
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
General marine resources-related research, education, and training
• Supports marine-related public awareness programs (e.g.,
regional public pumpout guide)
• Provides research opportunities (e.g., water quality
improvement demonstration project)
• Maintains commercial and recreational boater advocacy
• Provides information resources on marine-related topics
Grants; -guidance; information
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Sea Grant College Program
1335 East-West Hwy.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 713-2448
Sea Grant College Program Improvement Act of 1976
To support the establishment and operation of major university centers
for marine resources research, education, and training. Some
individual efforts in these same areas also receive funding
Schools; state agencies; companies; organizations; individuals
None
One-third or more of the total cost must be from non-Federal sources
Grants cannot go toward the construction or purchase of ships or
facilities
• Guidelines for Sea Grant Fellowships (15 CFR §917)
• "Suggestions for Submission of Proposals and Administration of
Grants" (National Sea Grant Program)
• Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 70 (April 1978)
• Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 153 (August 1978)
Source: DOC, 1993b; and EOF & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-14
Appendix B

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                                                   Exhibit B-12
 National Shellfish Sanitation Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Sanitary conditions of shellfish harvesting areas; seafood quality; public
health
• Provides guidance on shellfish harvesting closure area
determinations around marinas (based on vessel discharge
rates), which assists in determination of current pollution level
Supplemental protection designation; guidelines; certification
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
Services, Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Office of Seafood
Shellfish Sanitation Branch
200 C Street, S.W., HFF-513
Washington, D.C. 20204
(202) 254-3982
Public Health Service Act of 1944
To develop general guidelines for and cooperative agreements between
the FDA, state agencies, and the shellfish industry to ensure sanitary
shellfish for safe public consumption.
N/A
N/A
N/A
Program is implemented through regulations at state level. Information
at the Federal level is available upon request; no funding is available.
• "National Shellfish Sanitation Program Manual of Operations
(Part I: Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas; and Part II:
Sanitation of the Harvesting, Processing and Distribution of
Shellfish)" (1992; available from Key Contact)
• "Evaluation of Marinas by State Shellfish Sanitation Control
Officials" (FDA Guideline; available from Key Contact)
• Federal Register, Vol. 50 (February 1985)
N/A = Not applicable.




Source: DHHS, 1992; and DHHS, 1993.
Appendix B
B-15
Federal Programs

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                                                                                                    Exhibit B-13
Coastal Area Definitions Under Major Legislation
Ocean Coastline
     Baseline (Mean Low Water Level)
                         Waterbody
                         containing
                         "measurable
                         percentage of
                         sea water"
                                                       -3 nautical miles*->»
                                             -12 nautical miles-
                          Navigable Waters (CWA)
                                            Contiguous Zone (CWA)
I Ocean (CWA)
                           Coastal Waters (CVA & CZMA)    | Territorial Seas (CWA)
                                     Coastal Zone (CVA & CZMA)
Great Lake Coastline
                                 "Connecting waters, harbors,
                                roadsteads, and estuary-type areas"
                                     I
                                 U.S./Canada
                                 International
                                   Border
               Great Lakes System (CWA§ 118) and Navigable Waters (CWA§502)
                             I
Coastal Waters and Coastal Zone (CVA& CZMA)
 *For Texas and the Florida coastline adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico, the territorial seas are three leagues from the baseline

 Note: CWA=Clean Water Act, CVA=Clean Vessel Act, and CZMA =Coaslal Zone Management Act and Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments

-------
                                                                 Exhibit B-14
 Legislative Geographical Definitions
 California
 Colorado
 Connecticut
 Delaware
 District of Columbia
 Florida
 Georgia
 Hawaii
 Idaho
 Illinois
 Indiana
 Iowa
 Kansas
 Kentucky
 Louisiana
 Maine
 Maryland
 Massachusetts
 Michigan
 Minnesota
 Mississippi
 Missouri
 Montana
 Nebraska
 Nevada
 
-------
                                                                      Exhibit B-14
Legislative Geographical Definitions (Cont'd)

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
American Samoa
Commonwealth of
the Northern Marina
Islands
Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico .
Guam
Panama Canal Zone
Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands
Virgin Islands
PV

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Federal Programs
B-18
Appendix B

-------
                                 List of References
Executive Office of the President and  U.S.  General  Services Administration.   1993.   1993
   Catalog  of Federal Domestic Assistance.  Office of Management  and Budget.   June.
   Washington, DC.

U.S. Department of Commerce.  1993a.  Personal communication, P. Robertson.  National
   Oceanic  and Atmospheric Administration, Coastal Programs Division.  Washington, DC.

U.S. Department of Commerce.  1993b. Personal communication, J. West.  National Oceanic
   and Atmospheric Administration, Grants Management Division. Washington, DC.

U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1993.  Coastal
   Nonpoint Pollution Control  Program:  Program Development  and  Approval  Guidance.
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and  Coastal Resource
   Management; Office of Water, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds.  Washington,
   DC.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.  1992.  National Shellfish Sanitation Program
   Manual of Operations: Part I, Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas. Public Health Service,
   Food and Drug Administration.  Washington, DC.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.  1993.  Personal communication, R. Varsaci.
   Public Health Service,  Food  and  Drug  Administration,  Shellfish Sanitation Branch.
   Washington, DC.

U.S. Department of the Interior.  1993.  Personal communication, B. Pacific.  Fish and Wildlife
   Service,  Division of Federal Aid.  Washington, DC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.   1991.  Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking
   No-Discharge Area Designation for New England Coastal Waters.  EPA Region I.  Boston,
   MA.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1993a.  Guidance Specifying Management Measures for
   Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters.  Office of Water.  Washington, DC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.   1993b. Personal communication, J. Amson. Office of
   Water, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds.  Washington, DC.
Appendix B                              B-19                         Federal Programs

-------
                Appendix C:



Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage

-------
40 CFR Part 140:  EPA Marine Sanitation Device Standard Regulations

-------
PI. 136, App. D

 C-True Value (or the Concentration! ft/
   L                             '
 X»Mean Recovery, |ig/L          ,/
 S= Multi-laboratory Standard Deviation,
   Mg/L                         '
 SR- Single-analyst Standard Deviation,
             Method 279.2
  For ThalHu, Method 279.2  (Atomic Ab-
sorption,  Furnace  Technique) replace the
Precision  and Accuracy Section statement
with the following:

         Precision and Accuracy
  An Intel-laboratory study on metal analy-
ses by this method was conducted by the
Quality Assurance Branch (QAB) of the En-
vironmental Monitoring Systems Laborato-
ry-Cincinnati (EMSL-CI). Synthetic  con-
centrates containing various levels of this
element were added to reagent water, sur-
face water, drinking water and  three ef-
fluents. These samples were digested by the
total digestion  procedure.  4.1.3  In  this
manual. Results for the reagent water are
given below. Results for other water types
and study  details  are  found  in  "EPA
Method Study 31. Trace Metals by Atomic
Absorption (Furnace Techniques)." Nation-
al Technical Information Service. 5286 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161  Order
No. PB 86-121 704/AS, by Copeland, F.R.
and Maney. J.P., January 1986.
For a concentration range of 10.0JD-252 n«/
    L.
   X-0.878KO-0.716
   S-0.1112(X)+0.669
   SR=0.1006(X>+0.241
 Where:
   C=«True Value for the Concentration, us/
    L
   X = Mean Recovery. (ig/L
   S=» Multi-laboratory Standard  Deviation,
     Hg/L
   SR- Single-analyst Standard  Deviation,
     jig/I-

              Method 286.2
   For Vanadium, Method 286.2 (Atomic Ab-
  sorption, Furnace Technique) replace the
  Precision and Accuracy  Section statement
  with the following:

          Precision and Accuracy
   An Interlaboratory study on metal analy-
  ses by this method was conducted by the
  Quality  Assurance Branch (QAB) of the En-
  vironmental Monitoring Systems Laborato-
  ry-Cincinnati (EMSL-CI).  Synthetic con-
  centrates containing various levels of this
  element were added to reagent water, sur-
  face  water, drinking  water and three  ef-
  fluents. These samples were digested by the
  total digestion  procedure.  4.1.3 in this
          40 CFR Ch. I (7.1-92 Edition)

 manual. Results for the reagent water are
 given below. Results for other water types
 and study  details  are  found in  "EPA
 Method Study 31. Trace Metals by Atomic
 Absorption (Furnace Techniques)," Nation-
 al Technical Information Service, 5286 Port
 Royal Road. Springfield, VA 22161  Order
 No; PB 86-121 704/AS, by Copeland. F.R.
, and Maney, J.P., January 1986.
 For a concentration range of 1.36-982 jig/L.
  X=0.8486(C>+0.262
  8~0.3323(X>-0.428
  8R«0.1195(X)-0.121
 Where:
  C=True Value for the Concentration, jtg/
    L
  X=Mean Recovery, pg/L
  6- Multi-laboratory  Standard Deviation,
   SR»Slngle-analyst Standard Deviation,
               Method 289.2

   For Zinc, Method 289.2 (Atomic Absorp-
 tion, Furnace Technique) replace the Preci-
 sion and Accuracy Section statement with
 the following:

           Precision and Accuracy

   An Interlaboratory study on metal analy-
 ses by this method was conducted by  the
 Quality Assurance Branch (QAB) of the En-
 vironmental Monitoring Systems Laborato-
 ry-Cincinnati  (EMSL-CI). Synthetic  con-
 centrates containing various levels of  this
 element were added to reagent water,  sur-
 face water, drinking  water and three ef-
 fluents. These samples were digested by the
 total  digestion  procedure,  4.1.3  In   this
 manual. Results for the reagent water are
  given below.  Results for other water types
  and  study  details  are  found  In  "EPA
  Method Study 31. Trace Metals by Atomic
  Absorption (Furnace Techniques)," Nation-
  al Technical  Information Service, 6285  Port
  Royal Road,  Springfield, VA 22161 Order
  No. PB 86-121 704/AS. by Copeland,  F.R.
  and Maney. J.P., January 1986.
  For a concentration range of 0.61-189 fig/L.
    X«1.6710(C)+1.486
    S-0.6740(X)-0.342
    SR~0.3895(X) -0.384
  Where:
    C-True Value for the Concentration, |tg/
      L
    X-Mean Recovery. jig/L
    S»Multt-laboratory  Standard  Deviation,
    SR-Slngle-analyst Standard Deviation,
   [65 FR 33442. Aug. 16. 1990]
Environmental Protection Agency

   PART 140—MARINE SANITATION
          DEVICE STANDARD

Sec.
140.1  Definitions.
140.2  Scope of standard.
140.3  Standard.
140.4  Complete prohibition.
140.6  Analytical procedures.
  AUTHORITY: Sec.  312. as  added Oct.  18,
1972, Pub. L. 92-500. sec. 2, 86 Slat. 871. In-
terpret or apply sec.  312(b)U>.  33 U.S.C.
1322 (b)(l).
  SOORCI: 41 FR 4453,  Jan.  29, 1976, unless
otherwise noted.

6140.1  Definitions.
  For the purpose of these standards
the following definitions shall apply:
  (a)   Sewage  means  human  body
wastes and the wastes from toilets and
other receptacles intended to receive
or retain body wastes;
  (b)  Discharge  includes,  but  is  not
limited to, any spilling, leaking, pump-
Ing, pouring, emitting,  emptying,  or
dumping;
  (c)  Marine  sanitation   device   in-
cludes any equipment for installation
onboard a vessel and which is designed
to receive,  retain, treat, or discharge
sewage and any process  to treat such
sewage;
  (d)  Vessel includes every description
of watercraft or other artificial con-
trivance  used,  or capable  of  being
used, as a means of  transportation  on
waters of the United States;
  (e) New vessel refers to any vessel on
which construction was Initiated on or
after  January 30,1975;
  (f)  Existing  vessel refers  to any
vessel on which construction was initi-
ated before January  30,1975;
  (g)  Fecal coliform  bacteria are those
organisms associated with the  intes-
tines  of  warm-blooded  animals that
are commonly  used to  indicate the
presence of fecal material  and the po-
tential presence of organisms capable
of causing human disease.

8140.2 Scope of standard.
  The standard adopted herein applies
only to vessels on which a marine sani-
tation device has been  installed. The
standard does not require the Installa-
tion of a marine sanitation device  on
any vessel that is not so equipped. The
                                §140.3

standard applies to vessels owned and
operated by the United States unless
the Secretary  of Defense finds that
compliance would not be in the inter-
est of national security.

6140.3  Standard.
  (a) (1) In freshwater lakes, freshwa-
ter reservoirs or other freshwater Im-
poundments  whose  Inlets or  outlets
are such as to prevent the Ingress or
egress by vessel traffic subject to this
regulation, or in rivers not capable of
navigation by interstate vessel traffic
subject to this regulation, marine sani-
tation  devices  certified by the  U.S.
Coast Guard  (see 33 CFR part 159,
published In 40 FR 4622,  January 30,
1975), installed on all vessels shall be
designed and operated to  prevent the
overboard discharge of sewage, treated
or untreated, or of any waste derived
from sewage.  This shall  not  be  con-
strued  to  prohibit  the   carriage  of
Coast  Ouard-certified  flow-through
treatment devices which have been se-
cured so as to prevent such discharges.
  (2)  In all other waters, Coast Ouard-
certified marine sanitation devices In-
stalled on all vessels shall  be designed
and operated to either retain, dispose
of,  or discharge sewage. If the device
has a discharge, subject to paragraph
(d) of this section, the effluent shall
not  have  a fecal coliform bacterial
count of greater than 1,000 per 100
mllimters  nor  visible  floating solids.
Waters wrier?  a Coast Ouard-certified
marine  sanitation  device  permitting
discharge  is  allowed  include  coastal
waters and estuaries, the Great Lakes
and inter-connected waterways, fresh-
water lakes and impoundments acces-
sible  through locks, and other flowing
waters that are navigable interstate by
vessels subject to this regulation.
  (b) This standard shall become effec-
tive on January 30, 1977 for new ves-
sels and on January 30,1980 for exist-
ing vessels (or, in the case of  vessels
owned  and operated  by the Depart-
ment of Defense, two years and five
years, for new and existing vessels, re-
spectively, after promulgation  of im-
plementing regulations by the Secre-
tary of Defense under section 312(d)
of the Act).

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33 CFR Part 159 (Subpart A): U.S. Coast Guard Marine Sanitation Device Regulations

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§ 140.4

  (c) Any vessel which is equipped as
of the date of  promulgation of this
regulation with a Coast Guard-certi-
fied  now-through marine sanitation
device meeting  the  requirements  of
paragraph (a)(2) of this section, shall
not be  required to comply with  the
provisions designed  to  prevent  the
overboard discharge of sewage, treated
or untreated,  in paragraph  (a)(l) of
this  section, for the  operable  life of
that device.
  (d)  After January  30,  1980, subject
to paragraphs (e)  and (f) of this  sec-
tion,  marine sanitation devices on all
vessels on waters that are not subject
to a prohibition of the overboard dis-
charge of sewage, treated or untreat-
ed, as specified  in paragraph  A map showing  the location of
commercial and recreational pump-out
facilities;
  (3) A description of  the location of
 pump-out facilities within waters des-
 ignated for no discharge;
  ^ The general schedule of operat-
 ing hours of the pump-out facilities;
   C5>  The   draught requirements on
 vessels that may be excluded because
 of insufficient water depth adjacent to
 the facility;
   ®>   Information  Indicating   that
 treatment  of wastes from such pump-
 out facilities  is in conformance with
 Federal law; and
    ff> Information on vessel population
  ana vessel usage of the subject waters.
    (b)  A State may make a  written ap-
  plication to the Administrator, Envi-
  ronmental  Protection  Agency, under
  section 312(f X4> of the Act, for the is-
  suance of a regulation completely pro-
  hibiting discharge from a vessel of any
  sewage, whether treated or  not,  into
  particular waters of the United States
                                     KflQ
 Environmental Protection Agency

 or specified portions  thereof,  which
 waters are located within  the bound-
 aries of such State. Such  application
 shall  specify  with  particularly  the
 waters, or portions thereof, for which
 a complete prohibition is desired. The
 application shall include identification
 of water recreational areas, drinking
 water  intakes,  aquatic  sanctuaries,
 identifiable fish-spawning and nursery
 areas, and areas of intensive boating
 activities.  If,  on  the  basis  of  the
 State's application and any other  in-
 formation available to  him. the  Ad-
 ministrator is unable  to make  a find-
 ing that the waters listed in the appli-
 cation require a complete  prohibition
 of any discharge In the waters  or por-
 tions thereof covered by the applica-
 tion, he shall state the reasons why he
 cannot make such a finding, and shall
 deny the application.  If the Adminis-
 trator makes a finding that the waters
 listed in the application require a com-
 plete prohibition of any discharge in
 all or any part of the waters or por-
 tions thereof covered by the  State's
 application, he shall publish notice of
 such findings together with a notice of
 proposed rule making, and then shall
 proceed  in accordance with 5  U.S.C.
 553. If  the Administrator's finding is
 that  applicable water quality  stand-
 ards  require a complete prohibition
 covering a more restricted or more ex-
 panded area than that applied for by
 the State, he shall state the reasons
 why his finding differs  in scope from
 that requested in the State's applica-
 tion.
  (1) For the following waters the dis-
 charge  from a  vessel of any sewage
 (whether treated or not) is  completely
 prohibited:
  Boundary Water* Canoe Area, formerly
designated u the Superior, Little Indian
Sioux, and Caribou Roadless Area*, in the
Superior Rational Forest, Minnesota, as de-
scribed In 16 U.8.C. 677-577dl.
 Ml FR 4463, Jan. 39.1976. as amended at 48
FR 43637, Aug. 31.1977)

1140.6  Analytical procedure!.
  In determining the composition and
quality  of effluent  discharge  from
marine  sanitation devices,  the  proce-
 dures contained in 40 CFR part 136,
 "Guidelines Establishing Test  Proce-
dures for the Analysis of Pollutants."
                               Pt. 141

 or  subsequent  revisions  or  amend-
 ments thereto, shall be employed.
   PART 141—NATIONAL PRIMARY
   DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

           Subport A—Gwraral

 Sec.
 141.1 Applicability.
 141.2 Definitions.
 141.3 Coverage.
 141.4 Variances and exemptions.
 141.6 Siting requirements.
 141.6 Effective dates.

   Subpart ft—Maximum Contaminant Uvab

 141.11 Maximum contaminant levels for in-
    organic chemicals.
 141.12 Maximum contaminant  levels for
    organic chemicals.
 141.13 Maximum contaminant  levels for
    turbidity.
 141.16 Maximum, contaminant  levels tor
    radium-226, radium-228, and gross alpha
    particle  radioactivity  In  community
    water systems.
 141.16 Maximum contaminant  levels for
    beta  particle and photon  radioactivity
    from  man-made  radlonuclldes  In  com-
    munity water systems.
    Subport C—Monitoring and Analytical
             to«|ulromont$

141.21 ' Microbiological contaminant  sam-
   pling and analytical requirements.
141.22  Turbidity sampling and analytical
   requirements.
141.23  Inorganic chemical sampling and
   analytical requirements.
141.24  Organic chemicals other than total
   trihalomethanes. sampling and analyti-
   cal requirements.
141.26  Analytical methods for  radioactiv-
   ity.
141.26  Monitoring  frequency for  radioac-
   tivity in community water systems.
141.27  Alternate analytical techniques.
141.28  Approved laboratories.
141.29  Monitoring  of consecutive public
   water systems.
141.30  Total trihalomethanes sampling, an-
   alytical and other requirements.
APPENDIX A—SUMMARY or PUBLIC COMMENTS
   AND  EPA  RESPONSES  ON  PROPOSED
   AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  NATIONAL  INTERIM
   PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
   rox CONTROL or TURALOMETBANES IN
   DRINKING WATER
APPENDIX B—SUMMARY or MAJOR COMMENTS
   (rOX RESPONSES, SEE APPENDIX A)
APPENDIX C—ANALYSIS or TUKALOMXTHANES

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§ 158.400

The Instruction manual may be made
part of the operations manual that Is
required under 1154.300 of this chap-
ter.

 Subpart D—Criteria for Adequacy of
     Reception Facilities: Garbage

  SOURCE: COD 88-002, 54 PR 18409. Apr.
28,1989, unless otherwise noted.

8 158.400 Purpose.
  The purpose of this subpart  is to
supply the criteria for determining the
adequacy of reception  facilities  for
garbage at ports and terminals that re-
ceive ships and to comply with the Act
and   Regulation  7  of Annex  V to
MARPOL 73/78.

§ 158.410 Reception facilities: General.
  (a) Except as allowed in paragraph
(b)  of  this section,  the  person In
charge  of  a port  or  terminal  shall
ensure  that each port or terminal's re-
ception facility.—
  (1) Is capable after August 28,  1989
of receiving APHIS regulated garbage
at a port or terminal no later than 24
hours after notice  under 5 151.65 of
this chapter is given to the port or ter-
minal,  unless  it  only receives  ships
that—
  
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§ 159.5                f    ,

  
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50 CFR Part 85: Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program




  (Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10,1994, pp. 11204-11209)

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  11204    Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 47 / Thursday, March 10, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
   falconry regulations of the States of
   Kansas, New Hampshire and Rhode
   Island meet or exceed the Federal
   standards.
    On March 11,1992, the Missouri
   Department of Conservation notified the
   Service that the cooperative Federal-
   State permit application program was
   no longer in effect Effective March 10,
   1994, the practice of falconry in Kansas.
   New. Hampshire, and Rhode Island will
   be governed by provisions found in 50
   CFR 21.28 and 21.29 and the asterisk
   following Missouri in 50 CFR 21.2903
   will be removed thereby removing
   Missouri from the cooperative Federal-
   State permit application program.
    The notice requirements of 5 U.S.C
   § 553(b) are not applicable because
   public comments were solicited by the
   Service in a proposed rule for falconry
   permit regulations published in the
   Federal Register on December 20,1987,
   (52 CFR 48948) and on September 14,
   1989, (54 FR 38142) the final rule was
   published in the Federal Register. Also,
   the Kansas, New Hampshire, and Rhode
   Island regulatory programs allowed for
   reasonable public input. On November
   17.1987, the Kansas Department of
   Wildlife and Parks Commission held
   public hearings that were attended by
   falconers and concerned wildlife
   conservation organizations. Similar
   provisions for public hearing or
   comments were provided in New
   Hampshire on December 24,1987, and
   November 20,1992, and in Rhode
   Island on August 27,1992. The
   Proposed Rule, Migratory Bird Permits;
   Determination That Kansas Meets
   Federal Falconry Standards, was
   published in the Federal Register on
   November 14,1990, (55 FR 47498).
   Public comments were solicited at that
   time  and none were received. As the
   rules relating too New Hampshire and
   Rhode Island are similar to those
   enacted by Kansas; and because of
   similar public hearings held in the
   respective states, as well as no
   comments having been received
   regarding the Kansas falconry rules, the
   falconry regulations adopted by New
   Hampshire and Rhode Island are also
   being added to this final rule.
    This rule relieves a restriction
 ^prohibiting Kansas, New Hampshire and
 ~REdde Island from the practice of
_  falconry; therefore, it is effective upon
   publication in accordance with 5 U.S.C
   553(d)(l).
   Need for Rulemaking
    The need for changes to Title 50 CFR
   Part 21, has arisen from the expressed
   needs of those States (Kansas, New
   Hampshire, and Rhode Island) that have
   instituted falconry programs for the
benefit of citizens interested in the sport
of falconry and have constructed
regulations that meet or exceed Federal
requirements protecting migratory birds.
Missouri has determined that its needs
are best met by no longer participating
in a cooperative Federal-State permit
application program. However, Missouri
remains a State in which falconry is
practiced. The changes to 50 CFR 21.29
regulations are necessary to .
accommodate the needs of the States
affected and those who wish to practice
falconry in these States.

Required Determinations

  This rule was not subject to the Office
of Management and Budget review
under Executive Order 12866. The
Department of Interior has determined
that this final rule will not have a
significant effect on a substantial
number of small entities under the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C 601
et. seq.). It has no potential takings
implications for private property as
defined in Executive Order 12630. The
only effect of this rule will be to allow
falconers in the States of Kansas, New
Hampshire, and Rhode Island to apply
for falconry permits. It is estimated that
approximately 25 people or less would
apply for falconry permits in each of
these States. The removal of Missouri
from the cooperative Federal-State
-permit application program does not
affect the ability of individuals to either
apply for or receive falconry permits in
Missouri. Missouri Falconry regulations
meet or exceed Federal falconry
standards. Permits for falconry in
Missouri will be issued separately by
Federal and State authorities. This rule
 does not contain any information
collection requirements that require
approval by. the Office of Management
 and Budget under the Paperwork
 Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C.  3501 et. seq.
These final changes in the regulations in
 50 CFR part 21 are regulatory and
 enforcement actions that are covered by
 a categorical exclusion from National
 Environmental Policy Act procedures
 under 516 of the Department Manual.

 Author

   The primary author of this final rule
 is Marcia Cronan, Senior Special Agent,
 Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish
 and Wildlife, Service, Washington, DC
 20240.

 List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 21

   Exports, Hunting. Imports, Reporting
 and recordkeeping requirements,
Transportation and Wildlife.
Regulation Promulgation
  For the reasons set out in the
preamble, part 21. subchapter B, chapter
I of title 50. Code of Federal
Regulations, is amended as follows:

PART 21-MIGRATORY BIRD PERMITS

  1. The authority citation for Part 21
continues to read as follows:
  Authority: Pub. L. 95-616. 92 Stat. 3112
(16 U.S.C. 712(2)).

§21.29  [Amended]
  2. Amend § 21.29(k) by adding to the
list of States in alphabetical order the
names "Kansas" preceded by an
asterisk, "New Hampshire" preceded by
an asterisk, "Rhode Island" preceded by
an asterisk and removing the asterisk
preceding "Missouri."
  Dated: February 28.1994.
George T. Frampton, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and
Parks.
IFR Doc 94-5579 Filed 3-9-S4; 8:45 am]
B1UJNO CODE 4310-6S-M
50 CFR Part 85
BIN: 1018-AB95

Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant
Program

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service.
Interior.
ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: This rule provides the
requirements for participation in the
Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
authorized by Section 5604 of the Clean
Vessel Act of 1992. This rule provides:
for the uniform administration of this
new grant program.
DATES: This rules becomes effective
April 11.1994.
  Proposals will be accepted for FY
1995 funds (S7.05 million) between the
effective date end April 29,1994. For
FY 1996 and FY 1997, proposals will be
due by May 1 of the year preceding that
fiscal year (e.g., May 1,1995 for FY
1996).
ADDRESSES: Copies may be obtained by
mailing a request to the Division of
Federal Aid, Fish and Wildlife Service.
U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C
Street, NW, MS 140 ARLSQ,
Washington, DC 20240, or obtained
from the Division of Federal Aid, Fish
and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department
of the Interior, room 140, 4401 North
Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Columbus Brown, Chief, Division of
Federal Aid, (703) 358-2156.

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          Federal Register / Vol. 59. No.  47 / Thursday, March  10, 1994 / Rules and Regulations    11205
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
  Sweage discharged by recreational
boaters is a substantial contributor to
localized degradation of water quality in
the United States. The discharge of
untreated sewage by boaters is
prohibited under Federal law in all
areas within the navigable waters of the
United States. Many boaters have Type
in marine sanitation devices (holding
tanks), or portable toilets for sewage.
However, there is currently an
inadequate number of pumpout stations
and dump stations for boaters to dispose
of their sewage. The purpose of the Act,
therefore, is to provide funds to States
for the construction, renovation,
operation, and maintenance of pumpout
and dump stations to improve water
quality.
  Section 5604 of the Clean Vessel Act
(Pub. L. 102-587, Subtitle F) authorizes
the Director of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Director) to make
grants to coastal States for conducting
surveys of the status of existing facilities
and need for additional facilities, and
developing plans for the provision of
facilities; and to all States for
constructing/renovating pumpout and
dump stations and for implementing
associated education programs. Funds
will be available on a competitive basis
to ensure that grants address the highest
national priorities. Amounts made
available to the Service in a fiscal year
are available for obligating to the States
for two years. Funds obligated to the
States by the Service are normally spent
within the year that these funds are
obligated, but are available until
expended on that grant.
Summary of Comments and
Recommendations
   In the July 8,1993, Interim Rule for
the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout grant
Program, all interested parties were
requested to submit comments that
might contribute to the development of
a final rule for a 45 day period ending
August 23,1993. Appropriate State and
Federal agencies, local governments,
boaters and boating organizations,
marina owners/operators, marine
equipment manufacturers and retailers,
conservation organizations, and other
interested parties were contacted and
requested to comment.
   A total of 2 written comment letters
 on the guidelines were received by the
 Service from 2 marine equipment
 manufacturers. Both comment letters
 made suggestions to clarify and
 recommendations to modify some of the
 language and guidance. In addition,  1
 letter opposed the direction of the Clean
Vessel Act to install pumpout and dump
stations, recommending on-board
treatment instead.
  In addition to the comments received,
ten changes were made. The first change
is in the Summary, Other Dates, and in
§ 85.21(b): The next application period
will end April 29,1994, with $7.05
million available. The second change is
in the Background, second paragraph,
last sentence: language was added to
clarify that the funds available to the
Service each year are available for
obligation to the States for two years. If
not obligated hi that two-year period,
the funds are turned over to the U.S.
Coast Guard for boat safety. Once
obligated to the States, however, the
funds are normally spent in the year
obligated, but are available until
expended.
  The third change is in the information
collection requirements section, last two
sentences: The collection of survey
information has been approved by OMB,
and the Service may now fund the State
surveys. The fourth change is in
§ 85.20(b)(2). first sentence, and 85.20
(c)(3): Floating restrooms have been
added as eligible for federal aid funding.
This addition makes these guidelines in
agreement with the technical guidelines,
in which the Oregon State Marine Board
commented that these restrooms should
be eligible because they meet the intent
of the Act to reduce vessel sewage
pollution, are used solely by boaters,
and provide the only means to
reasonably accommodate human waste
from boaters using smaller recreational
watercraft 12-18 ft that do not carry
portable toilets or do not have holding
tanks.
  The fifth change is in § 85.22(d), Grant
proposals, after innovative approaches:
public/private partnerships, education,
sensitive waters, and public access were
added. The sixth change is in § 85.30
Grant selection criteria, at end of
section: Points have been added to each
of the criteria for both coastal and
inland States. The seventh change is in
Section 85.31 Grant selection, first
-sentence: Regional Offices have been
deleted from the ranking panel and
NOAA, EPA and USCG have been
added, along with the Service's
Washington office Division of Federal
Aid personnel.
   The eighth change is in § 85.31 Grant
selection., second sentence: The date for
the Director to make the selection has
been changed to August 1, annually.
The ninth change is in § 85.44, last
 sentence: the phrase, "for the useful
 life", was deleted,- and the phrase, "as
 long as the facility is needed and it
 serves its intended purpose", was
 added. This better reflects how long
proceeds should be used for operation
and maintenance. An additional
sentence was also added. "Maximum
fee shall be evaluated for inflation, etc.,
each year." This sentence was added
because conditions may change through
time which may require changes in the
maximum fee that should be charged.
The tenth change is in § 85.48, after (b):
This guidance was added because some
States have a question on how they
should receive payment for funds
expended under this grant program.
  A total of 6 issues were identified by
the commenters.  The Service considered
all suggestions and recommendations.
This final guideline revises the
proposed guidelines based on the issues
raised by the commenters and makes
other changes to clarify the
requirements in the interim guidelines.
Those comments adopted are included
hi the final guidelines in the appropriate
sections. The following is a discussion
of the issues raised by the commenters,
the Service's responses to those issues,
and a summary of changes made to the
proposed guidelines.
   Issue 1. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
Regarding the Clean Vessel Act: Low
density of pumpout stations is not the
problem. Pumpout stations have not
been installed or used because they are
messy, problematic and distasteful. The
primary problems with marine
sanitation today  are: (1) Less than
desirable compliance of existing
legislation; (2) difficulty enforcing
existing legislation; (3) the absence of
systems appropriate for all types of
boats, boaters, and boating; (4) unfair
allowances for treated waste water
discharge from municipal waste water
plants while treated waste water from
boating sources is restricted; and (5) the
specter of additional no discharge zone
approvals. The Clean Vessel Act
•attempts to solve the first problem. It
will not be successful, however, because
the cause has been misidentified.
Additionally, it does not address
problems 2 and 3, and will heighten
problems 4 and 5. The Clean Vessel Act
contains no provision to provide funds
to improve or enhance on-board
treatment of boat generated sewage,
which is the future of marine sanitation.
 The Act should be amended to provide
 50% of the Wallop-Breaux funds made
 available to be spent on the
 documentation of on-board treatment
 systems successes, and to fund research
 and development programs for
 unproved on-board treatment systems to
 make them more feasible for the vast
 numbers of small recreational boats.
   Response: The Clean Vessel Act
 addresses Type HI marine sanitation
 devices, or holding tanks, only. Types I

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   11206    Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 47 / Thursday, March 10. 1994  /  Rules and Regulations
   and n. as discussed by the commeriter,
   are not addressed in the current
   legislation. Suggestions made by the
   commenter would need additional
   legislation, as the Service is not
   authorized to make such changes.
     Issue 2. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
   Background, first sentence: The word
   "may be" does not correspond to the
   wording in the Act, which states that
   "Sewage discharged *  • * is a
   substantial contributor ? * ••"
     Response; The words "may be" have
   been deleted, and the word "is" has
   been substituted.
     Issue 3. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
   Subpart C. Part 85.30 Grant selection
   criteria, subpart (d): after pumpout and
   dump stations add "and treatment".
     Response: As mentioned above hi
   response to issue 1, treatment is not
   within the scope of the Act. .
     Issue 4. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
   Subpart C. Part 85.30 Grant selection
   criteria: after (g), add "(h) Proposals for
   innovative ways to develop bn-board
   treatment systems (Type I and/or n) that
   would be more appropriate for smaller
   boats (boats under 30')."
     Response: As mentioned above in
   response to issue 1, treatment is not
   within the scope of the Act.
     Issue 5. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
   Subpart C. Part 85.30 Grant selection
   criteria: after proposed (h) add "(i)
   Proposals to survey coastal boaters to
   establish the needs of smaller boaters
   such that on-board treatment systems
   may be developed to meet the needs
   more precisely."
     Response: As mentioned above in
   response to issue 1, treatment is not
   within the scope of the Act:
     issue 6. Seaiand Technology, Inc.:
   Section 85.44 Fee charges, first   -
   sentence: The maximum fee of $5.00
   may deter pumpout station installation
   for two reasons: waste disposal costs
   may warrant a higher fee, and a
   provision should be made for very large
   holding tanks (50 gallons plus).
     Response: The Service agrees that
   there may be situations in which a
   higher fee maybe needed, and a
   statement that higher fees should be
   justified has been added.
   Environmental Effects
     The eSects on the physical, biological
_  and sociological environment are too
   broad, speculative, and conjectural to be
   analyzed meaningfully. Therefore, the
   action is categorically excluded from
   any National Environmental Policy Act
   documentation pursuant to 516 DM 2.3'
   A(2).  However, construction/renovation
   Df pumpout and  dump stations will
   require separate  environmental
   consideration.
   All actions that may be funded by this
 national grant program will comply
 with requirements of the National
 Environmental Policy Act (Appendix 1
 of 516 Department Manual 6} prior to
 the funding. Compliance with the
 National Environmental Policy Act and
 other environmental laws related to the
 Endangered Species Act, Coastal
 Barriers Resources Act as amended by
 the Coastal Barrier Improvement Act.
 Coastal Zone Management Act,
 Executive Orders on Floodplains (E.O.
 11988) and Wetlands (E.0.11990),
 historic/cultural resources, prime and
 unique farmlands, and the Clean Water
 Act shall be completed before grant
 agreements are approved by the Fish
 and Wildlife Service.

 Information Collection Requirements

   The information collection
 requirements contained in this rule.
 except for surveys, are only those
 necessary to fulfill applicable
 requirements of 43 CFR Part 12, and
 haye been approved by the Office of
 Management and Budget under the
 Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C.
 3501 etseq.). The collection of survey
 information contained in this rule was
 approved by the Office of Management
 and Budget as required by 44 U.S.C
 3501 et seq.. October 18,1993. OMB No.
 1018-0086, expiration date September
^30.19961 Burden is expected to be"
 176.665 responses and 30.033 reporting
 hours.

 Statement of Effects

   This rule was not subject to Office of
 Management and Budget review under
 E.0.12866. The grant program does not
 involve "taking" as described in
 Executive Order 12630. The rule allows
 eligible States to make decisions
 regarding the development and
 submission of proposed grants for
 surveys, plans, construction/renovation
 and education. Therefore, it is
 consistent with Executive Order 12612
 on Federalism. The Department certifies
 that this document will not have a
 significant economic effect on a
 substantial number of small entities
 under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
 U.S.C 601 et seq.) The effects of these
 rules occur to agencies in the States,
 Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands,
 American Samoa, the District of
 Columbia and the Northern Mariana
 Islands. These are not small entities
 under the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
 Some small entities, mainly marina
 operators, may be the recipients of
 grants.
Intergovernmental Review of Federal
Programs
  This Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
is covered under Executive Order 12372
"Intergovernmental Review of Federal
Programs" and 43 CFR part 9
"Intergovernmental Review of
Department of the Interior Programs and
Activities." Under the Order, States may
design their own processes for
reviewing and commenting on proposed
Federal assistance under covered
programs.
  States and Territories that participate.
in the Executive Order process have
established Single Points of Contact
(SPOCs). Applicants should alert their
SPOCs to the prospective applications
and receive any necessary instructions
to provide material as required by the
SPOC. It is imperative that the applicant
submit all required materials, if any, to
the SPOC and indicate the date of this
submittal (or the date of contact if no
submittal is required) on the narrative.
Applicants from States that choose to
exempt the grants need take no action
     "  'E.0.12372.
Author
  The primary author of these rules is
Robert D. Pacific, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 85
  Grant program. Grant procedures,
Program policy, Project selection
criteria, Natural resources, Coastal
waters, Pumpout station, Dump station.
Recreational vessel, Coastal zone
management,' Information 'collection,
Recordkeeping and reporting
requirements.

Regulation Promulgation
  For the reasons set out in the
preamble. Subchapter F of Chapter I,
Title 50 of the Code of Federal
Regulations is amended by revising Part
85.

PART 85-CLEAN VESSEL ACT
GRANT PROGRAM

Subpart A—General
Sec.   .  .    •
SS.10  Purpose and scope.
85.11  Definitions.
85.12  Information collection,
    recordkeeping. and reporting
    requirements.
Subpart B—Application for Grants
85.20  Eligible activities.
85.21  Application procedures.
85.22  Grant proposals.
Subpart C—Grant Selection
85.30  Grant selection criteria
85.31  Grant selection.

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           Federal Register /  Vol. 59, No. 47  / Thursday, March 10, 1994 / Rules and Regulations    11207
Subpart D—Conditions on Use/Acceptance
of Funds
85.40  Cost sharing.
85.41  Allowable costs.
85.42  Real and personal property.
85.43  Signs and symbols.
85.44  Fee charges for use of facilities.
85.45  Public access to facilities and
    maintenance.
85.46  Survey and plan standards.
85.47  Program crediting.
85.48  Compliance with Federal laws,
    regulations, and policies.
  Authority: Public Law 102-587, Subtitle F.

Subpart A—General

§ 85.10 Purpose and scope.
  The purpose of this Part is to establish
requirements for state participation in
the Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
authorized by Section 5604 of the Clean
Vessel Act (Public Law 102-587,
Subtitle F).

§85.11 Definitions;
  Terms used in this Part shall have the
following meaning:
  (a) Clean Vessel Act or Act. The Clean
Vessel Act (Pub. L. 102-587, subtitle F).
  (b) Coastal State. A State of the
United States in, or bordering on, the
Atlantic, Pacific, or Arctic Ocean, the
Gulf of Mexico, Long Island Sound, or
one or more of the Great Lakes. The
term also includes Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, Guam, and the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands. The term excludes Alaska and
American Samoa because these States
have a ratio of the number of
recreational vessels in the State
numbered under chapter 123 of title  46,
United States Code, to number of miles
of shoreline (as that term is defined in
§ 926.2(d) of title 15, Code of Federal
Regulations, as in effect on January 1,
1991), of less than one.
  (c) Costal waters. In the Great Lakes
area, the waters within the territorial
jurisdiction of the United States
consisting of the Great lakes, their
connecting waters, harbors, roadsteads,
and estuary-type areas such as bays,
shallows, and marshes. In other areas,
those waters, adjacent to the shorelines,
which contain a measurable percentage
of sea water, including sounds, bays.
lagoons, bayous, ponds, and estuaries.
  (d) Coastal zone. Coastal zone has the
same meaning that the term has in
section 304(1) of the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1992 (16 U.S.C.
1453(1)). The coastal zone consists of
coastal waters (including the lands
therein and thereunder) and the
adjacent shorelands. including islands,
transitional and intertidal areas, salt
marshes, wetlands, and beaches. The
zone extends, in Great Lakes waters, to
the international boundary between the
United States and Canada and, in other
areas, seaward to the outer limit of the
United States territorial sea. The zone
extends inland from the shorelines only
to the extent necessary to control
shorelands and protect coastal waters.
  (e) Construction. Activities which
produce new capital improvements and
increase the value of usefulness of
existing property.
  (f) Dump station. A facility
specifically designed to receive sewage
from portable toilets carried on vessels.
Dump stations do not include lavatories
or restrooms.
  (g) Education/information. The
education/information program, as
identified in the technical guidelines as
published in the Federal Register,
designed to make recreational boaters
aware of the environmental pollution
problem resulting from sewage
discharges from vessels and inform
them of the location of pumpout and
dump stations.
  (h) Eligible applicant. An agency of a
State designated by the Governor.
  (i) Facility. A pumpout station or
dump station.
  (j) Grant. An award of financial
assistance, including cooperative
agreements, in the form of money, or
property in lieu of money, by the
Federal Government to an eligible
grantee.
  (k) Inland State. A State which is not
a coastal State. The District of Columbia,
American Samoa  and Alaska are
included as inland States (Rationale for
Samoa and Alaska being inland States
can be found in § 85.1 l(b] above).
  (1) Maintenance. Those activities
necessary for upkeep of a facility. These
are activities that allow the facility to
function and include routine recurring
custodial maintenance such as
housekeeping and minor repairs as well
as the supplies, materials, and tools
necessary to carry out the work. Also
included is non-routine cyclical
maintenance to keep facilities fully
functional.
  (m) Operation.  Those activities
necessary for the  functioning of a
facility to produce desired results.
These are activities that make the
facility work.  .
  (n) Plans. Those plans identified in
the technical guidelines as published in
the Federal Register, for construction or
renovation of pumpout and dump
stations necessary to ensure that there
are adequate and reasonably available
stations to meet the needs of
recreational vessels using the coastal
waters of the State.
  (o) Pumpout station. A facility that
pumps or receives sewage from a type
m marine sanitation device (holding
tank) installed on board vessels.
  (p) Recreational vessel. Watercraft
manufactured for operation, or operated,
primarily for pleasure. This term
includes any watercraft leased, rented,
or chartered to another for the latter's
pleasure.
  (q) Renovation. Major rehabilitation of
a facility to restore it to its original
intended purpose.
  (r) Surveys. Those surveys identified
in the technical guidelines as published
in the Federal Register. Surveys are
designed to determine the number and
location of all operational pumpout and
dump stations at public and private
marinas, mooring areas, docks, and
other boating access facilities within the
coastal zone. Surveys also are designed
to determine the number of recreational
vessels in coastal waters with holding
tanks or portable toilets, and the areas
of coastal waters where those vessels
congregate.
  (s) Type Iff marine sanitation  device
(holding tank). Any equipment for
installation on board a vessel which is
specifically designed to receive, retain,
and discharge sewage.

§85.12  Information collection, record
keeping, and reporting requirements.
   (a) The information  collection
requirements for this grant program,
except for surveys, are those necessary
to comply with 43 CFR12 which
include a narrative statement as
identified in 85.22 Grant Proposals. The
collection of survey information
contained in this rule was approved by
the Office of Management and Budget as
required by 44 U.S.C 3501 et sex].,
October 18,1993, OMB No. 1018-0086,
expiration date September 30,1996.
   (b) Record keeping requirements
include the tracking of costs and
accomplishments related to the grant as
required by 43 CFR 12.60, monitoring
and reporting program performance (43
CFR 12.80), and financial reporting (43
CFR 12.81).
   (c) Reporting requirements include
retention and access requirements as
required by 43 CFR 12.82.

Subpart B—Application for Grants

§85.20  Eligible activities.
   (a) Eligible grant activities—coastal
States:
   (1) Eligible activities include
identification in the coastal zone of all
operational pumpout  and dump
stations, and surveys of recreational
vessels in coastal waters with holding
tanks or portable toilets, and the areas
where those vessels congregate. Also
eligible are costs of developing  a list,

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    11208    Federal Register  /Vol.  59. No. 47 / Thursday, March 10, 1994 / Rules  and Regulations
    including chart coordinates, of all
    operational pumpout and dump stations
    in the coastal zone of the State, for.
    submission to the Fish and Wildlife
    Service.
     (2) Plans for construction and
    renovation of pumpout and dump
    stations in the coastal zone of the State
    accessary to ensure that these stations
    are adequate and reasonably available to
    meet the needs of recreational vessels
    using the coastal waters of the State.
    Completed Stated-funded plans maybe
    submitted after the technical guidelines
    appear in the Federal Register.
     (D) Eligible grant activities-Tall States:
     (1) Eligible grant activities include
    education/information program to
    educate/inform recreational boaters
    about the environmental pollution
    problems resulting from sewage
    discharges from vessels and to inform.
    them of the location of pumpout and
    dump stations..
     (2) Eligible grant activities include the
    construction, renovation, operation and
    maintenance of pumpout and dump
    stations, including floating restrooms in
    the water, not connected to land or
    structures connected to the land, used
    solely by boaters. Eligible grant
    activities also include any activity
    necessary to hold and transport sewage
    to sewage treatment plants, such as
    holding tanks, piping, haulage costs,
    and any activity necessary to get sewage
    treatment plants to accept sewage, such
    as installing bleed-in facilities.
     (c) Ineligible activities:
     (1) Activities that do not provide
    public benefits.
     (2) Enforcement activities.
     (3) Construction/renovation of upland
    restroom facilities.     .            ,
     (4) Construction, renovation,
    operation and maintenance of on-site
    sewage treatment plants, such as
    package treatment plants and septic
    systems, and of municipal sewage
    treatment plants for primary and
    secondary treatment

    §85.21  Application procedures.
     (a) Eligible applicants will submit
    their proposals to the appropriate
    Regional Office of the U.S. Fish and
    Wildlife Service.

    Region 1 States Include—American Samoa.
 —-Sali£arnia.Commonwealth of the Northern
    Mariana Islands. Guam, Hawaii. Idaho,
—   Nevada, Oregon, and Washington
    Division of Federal Aid. U.S. Fish and
     Wildlife Service. Eastside Federal
     Complex, 911 ME llth Avenue, Portland.
     Oregon 97232-4181. (503} 231-6128
    Region 2 States Include—Arizona, New
    Mexico. Oklahoma, and Texas
    Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
     Wildlife Service. P.O. Box 1306,500 Gold
  Avenue SVV., Albuquerque, New Mexico
  87103, (505) 766-2095
 Region 3 States Include—Illinois, Indiana.
 Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio.
 and Wisconsin
 Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
  Wildlife Service. Bishop Henry Whipple
  Federal Building, 1 Federal Drive, Fort
  Snelling. Minnesota 55111-4056, (612)
  725-3596
 Region 4 States Include—Alabama. Arkansas.
 Florida, Georgia, Kentucky. Louisiana,
 Mississippi. North Carolina, Puerto Rico.
 South Carolina. Tennessee, and the Virgin
 Islands
 Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
  Wildlife Service. 1875 Century Boulevard.
  Suite 324, Atlanta, Georgia 30345, (404)
  679-4159
 Region 5 States Include—Connecticut,
 Delaware. District of Columbia, Maine.
 Maryland. Massachusetts, New Hampshire.
 New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania. Rhode
 Island. Vermont. Virginia, and West Virginia
 Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
  Wildlife Service. 300 Westgate Center
  Drive, Hadley. Massachusetts 01035-9589.
  (413) 253-8501
 Region 6 States Include—Colorado, Kansas,
 Montana. North Dakota, Nebraska, South
 Dakota. Utah, and Wyoming
 Division of Federal Aid. U.S. Fish and
  Wildlife Service. 134 Federal Building.
  P.O. Box 25486. Denver, Colorado 80225
 134 Union Boulevard, third floor, Lake wood,
  Colorado 80225. (303) 236-7392
 Region 7 State Includes—Alaska
 Division of Federal Aid. U.S. Fish and
> 'Wildlife Service. 1011 East Tudor Road,
  Anchorage, Alaska 99503, (907) 786-3435

  (b) Proposals will be accepted for FY
 1995 funds ($7.05 million) between the
 effective date and April 29,1994. For
 FY 1996 and FY 1997, proposals will be
 due by May 1 of the year preceding that
 fiscal year (e.g., May 1,1995 for FY
 1996).

 §85.22  Grant proposals.
  Grant proposals will consist of a
 narrative which identifies and describes
 the following:
  (a) The need within the purposes of
 the Act (Coastal States with approved
 plans should indicate how the activities
 contained in the proposal implements
 the plan);
  (b) Discrete objective(s) to be
 accomplished during a specified tune
 period that  address the need(s);
  (c) Expected results or benefits from
 accomplishing the objectives, including
 the numbers of recreational vessels and
 people served;
  (d) The approach to be used in
 meeting the objectives, including
 specific procedures, schedules, key
 personnel, cooperators, grant location,
 innovative approaches, public/private
partnerships, education, sensitive
waters, public access, and estimated
costs;
  (e) Amount and source of matching
funds; and,
  (f) Fees for use of facility.

Subpart C—Grant Selection

§85.30  Grant selection criteria
  The Director shall give priority.
consideration to grant proposals that
meet the criteria listed in Subsections a-
h and in the accompanying chart:
  (a) In coastal States that nave ho
survey or plan, proposals to complete
such survey and plan;
  (b) Proposals for constructing and
renovating pumpout and dump stations
without an approved plan;
  (c) In coastal States, proposals for
constructing and renovating pumpout
and dump stations in accordance with
a coastal State's plan approved under
section 5603(c) of the Clean Vessel Act.
and for inland States, proposals for
constructing and renovating pumpout
and dump stations in accordance with
an inland State's plan;
  (d) Proposals that provide for public/
private partnership efforts to develop
and operate pumpout and dump
stations;
  (e) Proposals for innovative ways to
increase the availability and use of
pumpout and dump stations, e.g., where
private parties put in more than the
minimum amount;
  (f) Proposals that include an
education/information component;
  (g) Proposals that benefit the waters
most likely to be affected by the
discharge of sewage from vessels,
including the waters as defined in the
technical guidelines as published in the
Federal Register, and,'
  (h) Proposals in areas with high
vessel/pumpout or dump station ratios.
Criteria
a Do a survey/plan —
b. Construct, w/no plan .
c. Construct with plan. ..
d. Partnership »..«...».
e. Innovative approach .
f Education 	 _..
g. Sensitive area — .-
h. Low pumpout ratio ...
Total
Points
Coastal
state
SO
10
20
10
5
5
5
5
Inland
state
5
JIO
5
2
2
2
2
§85.31  Grant selection.
  The Fish and Wildlife Service,
Division of Federal Aid, will convene a
ranking panel of Federal employees, to
include representatives from the
Service's Washington Office of the
Division of Federal Aid, the National

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           Federal Register./ Vol. 59, No.  47 / Thursday, March 10. 1994 / Rules and Regulations    11209
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, the Environmental
Protection Agency, and the U.S. Coast
Guard, to review, rank, and make
funding recommendations to the
Director of the Fish and Wildlife
Service. The Director will make the
selection of eligible grants by August 1,
annually. Upon selection of a proposal
the appropriate Regional Office will
advise the successful applicant of
additional documentation requirements.

SubpartD—Conditions on Use/
Acceptance of Funds

§85.40 Cost sharing.
  (a) The Federal share shall not exceed
75% of total costs approved in the grant
agreement.
  (b) The provisions of 43 CFR 12.64
apply to cost sharing or matching
requirements. Third party in-kind
contributions must be necessary and
reasonable to accomplish grant
objectives and represent the current
market value of noncash contributions
furnished as part of the grant by another
public agency, private organization, or
individual.

§85.41 Allowable costs.
  (a) Allowable grant costs are limited
to those costs that are necessary and
reasonable for accomplishment of
approved grant objectives and meet  the
applicable Federal cost principles in 43
CFR 12.60(b). Purchase of informational
signs, program signs, and symbols
designating pumpout and dump
stations, are allowable costs.
  (b) Grants or facilities designed to
include purposes other than those
eligible under the Act shall have the
costs prorated equitably among the
various purposes. Grant funds shall only
be used for the part of the activity
related to the Clean Vessel Act.
  (c) Costs incurred prior to the
•effective date of the grant agreement are
not allowable with the exception that
preliminary costs are allowed only with
the approval of the appropriate Regional
Director. Preliminary costs may include
such items as feasibility surveys,
engineering design, biological
reconnaissance, appraisals, or
preparation of grant documents such as
environmental assessments for
compliance with the National
Environmental Policy Act.

§ 85.42  Real and personal property.
  (a) Applicable regulations regarding
acquisition, property records,
maintenance, and disposal of real
property and equipment are found in 43
CFR 12.71 and 12.72. If questions arise
regarding applicability, the appropriate
Regional Office should be contacted.
  (b) A State shall ensure that design
and installation of the facilities are in
accordance with the technical standards
identified in the technical guidelines as
published in the Federal Register.
  (c) The State must ensure mat
facilities are operated and maintained,
and that structures or related assets are
used for the stated grant purpose.

§85.43  Signs and symbols.
  A national symbol, to be developed,
should be installed to be clearly visible
to direct boaters entering the facility to
pumpout and dump stations.
Appropriate information signs should
be installed at pumpout and dump
stations. Such information could
indicate fees, restrictions, hours of
operation, operating instructions, and a
contact name and telephone number if
the facility is inoperable.

§ 85.44  Fee charges for use of facilities.
  A maximum of a $5.00 fee may be
charged, with no justification, for use of
pumpout facilities constructed, operated
or maintained with grant funds. If
higher fees are charged, they must be
justified before the proposal can be
approved. Such proceeds shall be
retained, accounted for, and used by the
operator to defray operation and
maintenance costs as long as the facility
is needed and it serves  its intended
purpose. The maximum fee shall be
evaluated for inflation, etc., each year.

§85.45  Public access to facilities and
maintenance.
  Ail recreational vessels must have
access to pumpout and dump stations
funded under this grant program.
Facilities shall be operated, maintained,
and continue to be reasonably accessible
to all recreational vessels for the full
period of their useful life.

§ 85.46  Survey and plan standards.
   (a) Survey standards. (1) Surveys
should be conducted according to the
technical guidelines as published in the
Federal Register.
   (2) Surveys may be conducted
Statewide, if necessary, to obtain
information on boats using the coastal
zone.
   (b) Plan standards. Plans should be
developed according to the technical
guidelines as published in'the Federal
Register.

§85.47  Program crediting.
   Signs should acknowledge that the
facility was constructed or improved
with funds from the Clean Vessel Act.
Following is suggested language: "This
facility was built (or improved) using
Federal Aid matching funds authorized
by the Clean Vessel Act."
§85.48 Compliance with federal laws,
regulations, and policies.
  (a) In accepting Federal funds, State
representatives must agree to and certify
compliance with all applicable Federal
laws, regulations, and policies. This is
done by submitting an assurances
statement that describes the compliance
requirements for Federal grants.
  (b) Compliance with environmental
and other laws, as defined in Service'
Manual 523 FW Chapter 1, may require
additional documentation. Consult with
Regional Offices for specific
applicability.
  (c) For method of payment, refer to 43
CFR part 12,31 CFR part 205. and any
other regulations referenced in these
parts.
  Dated: February 11,1994.
George T. Frampton, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and
Parks.
[FR Doc. 94-5529 Filed 3-9-S4; 8:45 ami
BILLING CODE 4J10-SS-M
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration

50 CFR Part 672
[Docket No. 931199-4042; I.D. 030794A]

Groundfish of the Gulf of Alaska

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
Commerce.
ACTION; Closure.	

SUMMARY: NMFS is closing the directed
fishery for Pacific cod by vessels
catching Pacific cod for processing by
the inshore component in the Western
Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska
(GOA). This action is necessary to
prevent exceeding the allocation of
Pacific cod for the inshore component
in this area.
EFFECTIVE DATE? 12 noon, Alaska local
time (A.l.t.), March 8,1994, through 12
midnight. A.U., December 31,1994.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Andrew N. Smoker, Fishery Biologist,
Fisheries Management Division, NMFS,
(907) 586-7228.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The
groundfish.fishery in the GOA exclusive
economic zone is managed by the
Secretary of Commerce according to tne
Fishery Management Plan for
Groundfish of the GOA (FMP) prepared
by the North Pacific Fishery
Management Council under authority of
the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and

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Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines




          (Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10,1994, pp. 11290-11306)

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11290
Federal Register  /  Vol.  59.  No. 47  /  Thursday, March  10,  1994 / Notices
for up to 2 years from location and entry
under the United States mining laws.
The lands will remain open to all other
uses which may be made of National
Forest System lands.
DATES: Comments or requests for a
meeting should be received on or before
June 8,1994.
ADDRESSES: Comments and meeting
requests should be sent to the Idaho
' State Director, BLM, 3380 Americana
Terrace, Boise, Idaho 83706-2500.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Larry Lievsay, BLM, Idaho State Office.
(208) 384-3166.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On
February 17,1994, the United States
Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service filed an application to withdraw
the  following described National Forest
System lands from location and entry
under the United States mining laws,
subject to valid existing rights:  .
Boise Meridian
Boise National Forest
T. 5 N., R. 11 B.,
  Sec. 5, lot 8.
  The area described contains 40 acres in
Elmore County.
   For a period of 90 days from the date
 of publication of this notice, all persons
 who wish to submit comments,
 suggestions, or objections in connection
 with the proposed withdrawal may
 present their views in writing to the
 Idaho State Director of the Bureau of  ~^
 Land Management.
   Notice is hereby given that an
 opportunity for a public meeting is
 afforded in connection with the.
 proposed withdrawal. All interested
 persons who desire a public meeting for
 the purpose of being heard on the
 proposed withdrawal must submit a
 written request to the Idaho State
 Director within 90 days from the date of
 publication of this notice. Upon
 determination by the authorized officer
 that a public meeting will be held, a
 notice  of time and place will be
 published in the Federal Register at
 least 30 days before the scheduled date
 of the meeting.
   The  application will be processed in
 accordance with the regulations set
 forth in 43 CFR part 2300.
'   Fof*period of 2 years from the date
 of publication of this notice in the
 Federal Register, the lands will be
 segregated as specified above unless the
 application is denied or canceled or the
 withdrawal is approved prior to that
 date. The temporary uses which will be
 permitted during this segregative period
 are presently authorized leases, licenses,
 permits, rights-of-way, etc.
                      Dated: March 1,1994.
                    William E. Ireland,
                    Chief. Realty Operations Section.
                    [FR Doc. 94-5580 Filed 3-9-94; 8:45 am]
                    BILLING CODE 4310-GG-M
                    Bureau of Reclamation

                    Privacy Act of 1974—Deletion of
                    System of Records

                      Pursuant to the provisions of the
                    Privacy Act of 1974, as amended (5
                    U.S.C 552a), notice is hereby given that
                    the Department of the Interior is
                    deleting from its inventory of Privacy
                    Act systems of records six notices
                    describing records maintained by the
                    Bureau of Reclamation. The systems of
                    records notices being abolished are
                    entitled "Accounts Receivable—Interior,
                    Reclamation-2," which was previously
                    published in the Federal Register on
                    December 21,1988 (53 FR 51324),
                    "Collection Contracts—-Interior,
                    Reclamation-6," which .was previously
                    published in the Federal Register on
                    November 16,1S84 (49 FR 45492).
                    "Publication Sales—Interior,
                    Reclamation-27," which was previously
                    published in the Federal Register on
                    April 11,1977 {42 FR 19103), "Travel
                    Approval Authorizations and Reports—
                    Interior, Reclamation-35," which was
                    previously published in the Federal
                    Register on April 11,1977 (42 FR
                    19106), "Travel Vouchers—Interior,
                    Reclamation-36," which was previously
                    published in the Federal Register on
                    September 27,1984 (49 FR 38196), and
                    "Vendor Payment Records—Interior,
                    Reclamation-44," which was previously
                    published in the Federal Register on
                    April 11,1977 (42 FR 19108). These
                    systems of records  are no longer being
                    maintained in the Department of the
                    Interior.
                       Prior to October  14,1992, the Bureau
                    of Reclamation maintained a separate
                    record of individuals who owed money
                    to the Bureau for the purpose of
                    accounting for payments received
                    (Reclamation-2); a  record of individuals
                    who rent, lease or buy from the Bureau
                    under a collection  contract or agreement
                    for the purpose of collecting funds due
                    (Reclamation-6); a  record of individuals
                    purchasing Bureau publications for the
                    purpose of accounting for funds
                    received from the sale of publications
                     (Reclamatipn-27); a record of travel
                    authorizations for the purpose of
                    authorizing employees to travel on
                     official business (Reclamation-35); a
                     record of travel vouchers for the
                     purpose of paying the travel and
                     transportation expenses of employees
                     who travel on official business
(Reclamation-36); and a record of
individuals furnishing services or
supplies for the purpose of documenting
the disbursement of funds to these
individuals (Reclamation-44).
  With the establishment of the
Departmentwide system of records
"Federal Financial System—Interior,
DOI-90" (57 FR 47118), these systems
became obsolete. On December 14,
1992, the records maintained in these
systems were incorporated into the
Federal Financial System.
  These changes shall be effective on
publication in the Federal Register
(March 10,1994). Additional
information regarding this action may
be obtained from the Departmental
Privacy Act Officer, Office of the
Secretary, Office of Administrative
Services, 1849 "C" Street NW., Mail
Stop 5412 MIB, Washington, DC 20240,
telephone (202) 208-6045.
  Dated: March 3.1994.
Albert C Camacho,
Director, Office of Administrative Services.
IFR Doc. 94-5589 Filed 3-0-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-M-M
 Fish and Wildlife Service
 BIN 1018-AC06

 Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station
 and Dump Station Technical
 Guidelines   ...•
 AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service,
 Interior.
 ACTION; Notice of final guidelines.

 SUMMARY: These final technical
 Guidelines are being published in
 response to section 5605, Guidance and
 Notification, of the Clean Vessel Act of
 1992, which requires the issuance of
 draft technical guidelines for public
 comment within 3 months after the date
 of the enactment of this Act, and the
 issuance of final technical guidelines
 within 6 months after the date of
 enactment The technical guidelines
 should be used by States to conduct
 surveys and develop plans for pumpout
 stations and dump stations, to develop
 education/information programs,-and to
 construct pumpout stations and dump
 stations.
 DATES: These final technical guidelines
 are effective April 11,1994.
 ADDRESSES: Copies of the final
 guidelines may be obtained by mailing
 a request to the Division of Federal Aid,
 Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.
 Department of the Interior,  1849 C
 Street, NW. (Mailstop 140 ARLSQ).
 Washington, DC 20240. or by picking it
 up at the Division of Federal Aid, Fish

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                  Federal  Register  /  Vol.  59, No. 47  / Thursday, March 10, 1994  /  Notices           11291
and Wildlife Service, room 140.4401
North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia
22203.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Columbus Brown, Chief, Division of
Federal Aid, (703) 358-2156.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background

Finding?
  The Congress found that there is
currently an inadequate number of
pumpout stations for Type in marine
sanitation devices (MSD) (holding
tanks) where recreational vessels
normally operate; and, sewage
discharged by recreational vessels,
because of an inadequate number of
pumpout stations, is a substantial
contributor to localized degradation of
water quality in the United States.

Purpose of the Act
  The purpose of the Clean Vessel Act
(Act) Pub. L 102-587. subtitle F)" is to
provide funds to  States for the
construction, renovation, operation, and
maintenance of pumpout stations and
dump stations."

Purpose of the Technical Guidelines
  The purpose of these guidelines is to
provide States with technical
information on adequacy of and
appropriate types and location of
pumpout stations and dump stations;
disposal of sewage from these facilities,
and waters most  likely to be affected by
the discharge of sewage from vessels.
They also provide information to the
States in completing the surveys,
developing plans, and developing an
education/information program. The
guidelines will let States know what
options are available and provide them
with basic information upon which to
base their choices. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) regional
offices, regulatory agencies, equipment
suppliers and marina operators are
another valuable source of information.
The guidelines, however, are not to be
used as a design manual or a substitute
for the preparation of a design for a
specific facility.

Consultation
  As required in section 5605 of the
Act, the Secretary of the Interior
(Interior) has consulted with the
Administrator of the EPA, the Under
Secretary of Commerce for Oceans, and
Atmosphere (NOAA), and the
Commandant of the Coast Guard
(USCG), in the development of these
guidelines. In addition, Interior has
consulted with coastal States, local
municipalities, boat users,
manufacturers of pumpout equipment,
marina operators, conservation groups,
and others in obtaining information
necessary to develop these guidelines.
Three scoping meetings were held in
January 1993, with various constituents.
A scoping document was sent to nearly
100 people, and 45 comment letters
were received. Draft guidelines were
published in the Federal Register June
17,1993, Vol. 58, No. 115, pages 33447r
33457> and comment letters were
received. EPA, NOAA, and USCG
assisted in the review of these
comments and finalization of these
guidelines.

Relationship to the Grant Process
  The technical guidelines are interim
guidelines that will be later codified
They should be used by coastal States
in conducting surveys, developing plans.
and education/information programs,
and constructing pumpout/dump
stations. However, grant guidelines will
be needed for States to properly apply
for funds under this grant program. The
grant guidelines will provide criteria for
the Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)
to use in prioritizing grant proposals for
funding. Such information as priorities,
national pumpout symbols, other signs,
fee restrictions, and  monitoring success
of projects, will be placed in the grant
guidelines. Grant guidelines are being
developed separately, and were
published in the Federal Register July 8,
1993, Vol. 58. No. 129, pages 36619-
36623. Funds are made available
through a competitive process to coastal
States to complete the surveys and
develop plans, and,  for all States, to
apply for construction grants and
education funds.

Statement of Effects
  These guidelines have been reviewed
under EO12866. The guidelines do not
involve "taking" as described in
Executive Order 12630. The guidelines
allow eligible States to make decisions
regarding the development and
submission of proposed grants for
surveys, plans, construction/renovation
and education. Therefore, they are
consistent with Executive Order 12612
on Federalism. The Department certifies
that this document will not have a
significant economic effect on a
substantial, number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) The effects of these
guidelines occur to agencies in  the
States, Puerto Rico,  Guam, the Virgin
Islands, American Samoa, the District of
Columbia and the Northern Mariana
Islands. Some small entities, mainly
marina operators, may be the recipient
of grants.
Summary of Comments and
Recommendations
  In the June 17,1993, Notice of Public
Review of Technical Guidelines, all
interested parties were requested to
submit comments that might contribute
to the development of a final rule for a
45 day period ending August 2,1993.
Appropriate State and Federal agencies,
local governments; boaters and boating
organizations, marina owners/operators,
marine equipment manufacturers and
retailers, conservation organizations,
and other interested parties were
contacted and requested to comment.
  A total of 8 written comment letters
on the proposed guidelines were
received by the Service, 4 from State
agencies, 1  from a boating organization,
1 from a marina organization, 1 from a
conservation organization; and 1 from a
marine equipment manufacturer. All
comment letters made suggestions to
clarify and  recommendations to modify
some of the language and guidance. One
verbal comment suggesting clarification
was recorded from a State official. In
addition to the comments received, four
changes were made. The first change is
in the Backgrounds. Definitions were
relocated to the Technical Guidelines
portion, just ahead of section 1. The
second change is in the Technical
Guidelines portion, section 2., first
paragraph,  and the Technical
Guidelines portion, section 4., first
paragraph,  third sentence. Surveys and
Plans should be submitted to the
appropriate Regional Office. Addresses
are provided. The third change,
Technical Guidelines, section 2., is an
addition to the second paragraph, first
sentence, to indicate that all marinas
should be surveyed. The fourth change
is an addition of two paragraphs in the
Information Packet, section 6., Off-Site
Treatment, between the first and second
paragraphs. These two paragraphs were
inadvertently left out of the draft
guidelines.
  A total of 44 issues were  identified by
the commenters. The Service considered
all suggestions'and recommendations.
This final guideline revises the
proposed guidelines based  on the issues
raised by the commenters and makes
other changes to clarify the
requirements in the proposed.
guidelines. Those comments adopted
are included in the final guidelines in
the appropriate Sections. The following
is a discussion of the issues raised by
the commenters, the Service's responses
to those issues, and a summary of
changes made to the proposed
guidelines.
  Issue 1. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
Background, Findings, Raritan

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11292
Federal Register /  Vol.  59,  No. 47  /  Thursday,  March 10, 1994  /  Notices
Engineering said the word "may be"
does not correspond to the wording in
the Act. which states that "sewage
discharged * *  * is a substantial
contributor* * V
  Response: The words "may be" have
been deleted, and the word "is" has
been substituted.
  Issue 2. International Marina Institute
(IMI): Other issues. Technical
Guidelines, first paragraph, first
sentence: The IMI states that the
program should be handled by State
administrators who know, and are
known by, the marina industry.
Inappropriate State program managers
may not work as aggressively or
successfully to facilitate pumpout
installations. According to the IMI,
some of the official State contacts have
little or nothing to do with marinas  or
boat sewage controls. These contracts
must move beyond traditional turf and
foster inter- and intra-agency
cooperation, planning and management.
  Response: The Service agrees that the
State should select, the most appropriate
State administrators to ensure the
highest interest in the program, and.
encourages them to  do so. The Service
has been working closely with each
State administrator identified. However,
the actual selection  process, according
to statute, is up to the Governor of each
State.
  Issue 3. International Marina Institute
(IMJ): Technical Guidelines, first
paragraph, second sentence: The DvH ^
states that, unless the prohibition by a
number of State laws to grant funds to
private marinas is overcome, the intent
of Congress will not be achieved.
Guidelines need to be strengthened
requiring grants be available to private
facilities as well. The IMI said that
States must identify restrictions on
giving grants to private marinas in their
application and what will be'done to
overcome this problem. States must
explain in their plan how they will  seek
private applications and what
proportion of the slip/mooring capacity
is in public vs.  private marinas. The IMI
states that the Service should caution
that inability of any State to give grants
to private marinas will significantly
lower that State's priority for funds.
Funds should go to public and private
marinas in approximate ratio to the
"publio'private ratio in each State.
 Should the private marinas choose to
not apply for grants during the first four
years, then the  IMI states that the funds
 should be released for use by the public
sector in the fifth year of the program.
 Similarly, in the Information Packet,
 section 8. Other Information That is
 Considered: The IMI states that this
 Section should include language that
                    such States with legal roadblocks to this
                    public/private partnership must be
                    required, as a condition of receiving any
                    program funds, to change their law,
                    and/or seek legal ways to bypass the
                    serious impediment. Dvfl is very worried
                    about this issue, and asks the Service to
                    take affirmative action to keep private
                    business a full partner in this program.
                      Response: The Service agrees that it is
                    very important for States to overcome
                    any prohibition of States to fund private
                   .marinas, and has added language in the
                    Technical Guidelines portion, first
                    paragraph, fourth sentence, and in the
                    Technical Guidelines portion, section 4.
                    Plans, (4)(e). States are already required
                    to identify any restrictions to funding
                    private marinas in the technical
                    guidelines portion, section 4. Plans,
                    (4)(e). The priority system identified in
                    the final grant guidelines gives higher
                    priority to those projects with public/
                    private partnerships. Regarding the
                    comment that funds should go to public
                    and private marinas in approximate
                    ratio to the public/private ratio and the
                    comment that funds be released to the
                    public sector in the fifth year if private
                    marinas do not apply, priority will be
                    given by the Service to those facilities
                    that solve resource problems identified
                    in the State's Plan rather than public/
                    private ratios, which may not match •
                    resource problems. Regarding the
                    suggestion that States with legal
                    roadblocks to funding private marinas
                    should be required to change their laws
                    before funds will be granted to them,  the
                    Service has no legal authority to require
                    States to change their laws.
                      Issue 4. Center for Marine
                    Conservation and States Organization of
                    Boating Access. Technical Guidelines,
                    first paragraph, second and third
                    sentences, "Both public and private
                    marinas are eligible to participate in this
                    program and should conform to these
                    technical guidelines. Other marinas
                    would not have to conform.": Both
                    groups asked what other types of
                    marinas there are other than public and
                    private?
                      Response: This statement has been
                    corrected to read that public and private
                    marinas that participate must conform
                    to these guidelines. Marinas that do not
                    participate do not have to conform.
                      Issue 5. Center for Marine
                    Conservation (Center): Technical
                    Guidelines, Definitions (4) Waste
                    reception facility: In the Center's work
                    with vessel-generated garbage and the
                    Marine Plastic Pollution Research and
                    Control Act, "reception facility" refers
                    to garbage cans, dumpsters, and
                    recycling containers at ports and
                    marinas. "Adequate reception facilities"
                    are required under MPPRCA, and are
referred to quite often. The Center wants
to make sure that the phrase "waste
Teception facilities" referred to in the
Clean Vessel Act guidelines is not going
to confuse boaters or marina operators
who are also exposed to provisions of
the garbage laws dealing with garbage
reception facilities. The Center suggests
using another term, such as "portable
toilet dump station" or "sewage
reception iarility".
  .Response: The Service agrees and has
changed the term to agree with the term
used in the grant guidelines: Dump
stations.
  Issue 6. Oregon State Marine Board
(Marine Board): Technical Guidelines,
Definitions (4) Dump Station: The
Marine Board states that floating
restrooms should be eligible for federal
aid. They suggest that they are an
eligible "dump station" which meets
the intent of the Act to reduce vessel
sewage pollution. Although landside
restrooms should be ineligible, floating
restrooms are not upland facilities and
are used solely by boaters as dump
stations. The Marine Board states that
floating restrooms provide the only
means to reasonably accommodate
human waste from boaters using smaller
recreational watercraft 12-18 ft that do
not carry portable toilets or do not have
holding tanks.
   Response: The Service agrees, and has
added language in the guidelines to
incorporate this suggestion, provided
the facility is in the water, not
connected to the shore.
   Issue 7. International Marina Institute
(IMI): Technical Guidelines, Definitions,
(9) Coastal zone: the IMI suggests
Printing out the full definition for
coastal zone as given in the CZM Act of
1972 under Definitions.
   Response: The Service agrees, and has
printed it in full in the  final guidelines..
   Issue 8. International Marina Institute
(IMI): Technical Guidelines, section 2.
Surveys, Facility Survey, second
paragraph, first sentence: The IMI states
that survey of marinas for pumpout
stations/dump stations should indicate
whether the facility is public or private.
   Response: The Service, agrees and has
added this survey question to the text.
   Issue 9. Michigan Department of
Natural Resources (Michigan DNR):
Technical Guidelines, section 2.
Surveys, second paragraph, first
sentence, discussion of survey by
specific coordinates: The Michigan DNR
states that the Clean Vessel Act does not
require the States to identify marinas by
North American Datum Standard,
nautical charts, etc. According to the
law, section 5603 entitled "Charts (1) In
General—the Under Secretary of
Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere

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                  Federal Register:/ VoL 59,Nor
launching ramps."
  Response: The statement has been:
amended to better clarify where dump
stations should be installed.
  Issue 15* International Marina
Institute  (IMI): Technical Guidelines,.
section. 4. (3) Expected Results or
Benefits: To the end of that sentence the
IMI requests adding "* *  'and how
results, will be monitored and benefits.
will be-measured."'
  Response: Although' States have the
option to monitor and measure benefits,,
and are encouraged to do so when.
necessary, requiring this step of the
States goes beyond the intent of the Act
and conveys an unnecessary burden, to,
the-States. There may be so many other
factors,,such as.municipal sources-of
pollution,, that it may be extremely
difficult and expensive to measure the:
specific benefit of installing pumpouts.
Pumpouts should be viewed as a Best
Management-Practice which, when.
installed, will help clean up the water
by preventing one source of pollution.
  Issue 16. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines,
section 4. fc*Mc)k. Approach/Strategy,'
The IMI suggests mentioning here or in
section 8; that grants should not go for
endless, repairs of existing"pumpouts.
which have proven to be located in
inappropriate sites, under failed
government, control, or which has a.
history of unreasonably, low use and
performance. The.IMI states that the
State strategy must address the question
of whether or. not an existing pumpout
station-is. worth upgrading, and how
demonstrated problem pumpout
services, will-be upgraded or eliminated;
   Response: The Service, agrees and has
added language in section-4-. (4) (c).
   issue 17.. International Marina-
Institute (IMI); Technical Guidelines,.
section 4. (4).(d|: To the list following
"How States willensure that* •  *"the,
IMI requests adding "(iii) facilitate-
speedy permits for pumpout station:
construction^ or improvement" The IMI-
states that Federal, and State agencies
must facilitate,.speed,,andmake.les3.
expensive the process of granting;
permits  for pumpout stations. ThetlMt-
requests that the guidelines ask States to>
tell the Service- how- the permit' process.

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      11294
Federal Register / Vol. 59, No..477 Thursday,  March 10, 1994  /  Notices
      will be expedited, and to document the
      average time it takes for a pumpout
      permit. The IMI believes  the Service
      should give high priority to those States
      who speed the process.
        Response: The Service encourages.
      States to expedite the permit processes
      required by State and local
      governments, so that facilities will be
      installed as soon as possible. However,
      requiring the requested information is
      beyond the scope of the Act and the
      authority of the Service.
        Issue 18. International Marina
      Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines,
      section 4. (4) Approach: The IMI
      requests adding "(i) Describe methods to
      be used to measure program costs and
      benefits to the boating public; and (j)
      How the State will evaluate and monitor
      the program effectiveness and make
      changes to approaches as weaknesses
      and/or unanticipated  opportunities
      become apparent." The IMI believes that
      program evaluation needs to be given
      greater emphasis, to assure quality
      products.
        .Response: Section "(i) Describe
      methods to measure costs and benefits
      * * *" is beyond the scope of the Act.
      Section (j) is included in the grant
      guidelines. §85.42(c), which requires
      States to ensure that facilities are
      operated and maintained and used for
      the stated grant purpose. A paragraph at
      the end of section 3. of the Technical
      Guidelines has been added to give
      program evaluation greater emphasis^
        Issue 19. Center for marine
      Conservation (Center): Technical
      Guidelines, section 5. Education/
      Information: The Center considers
      education as a critical component in the
      ability of the Clean Vessel Act to keep
      boater's sewage out of the water. They
      are concerned that all education  efforts
      will be done State by  State, and that
      there is no plan for national
      development of model education
      programs or materials which can then
      be used by the States. With the Center's
      marine debris work, they have seen the
      effective use of a national information
      office, and have seen  that it minimizes
      duplication at the State level, and
      enhances coordination and
      communication between educators.  The
      Center believes something similar for
      the Clean Vessel Act would enhance the
      Ibilltyof the Act and reduce costly
__     duplication.
        Response: The Service is planning a
      workshop with Federal, State and local
      agencies, the marine industry, boaters,
      conservation organizations, and
      interested parties, early in 1994, to
      identify gaps in the education program,
      and responsibilities for filling those
      gaps. The Service encourages any
                    organization interested to attend. Notice
                    of the date, time, and place will be
                    published in the Federal Register. In
                    addition, the EPA is developing two
                    reports on the subject, both still in draft:
                    (1) Framework for a Public Outreach
                    Strategy on Sewage Discharges from
                    Boats and Marinas; and, (2) INTERIM
                    REPORT: Summary of Federal Programs
                    and Tools; Summary of State and Local
                    Programs and Tools; Identification of
                    Missing and Needed Information for
                    Guidance Development on Boat and
                    Marina Pollution Control; List of
                    Contacts. •  •:'
                      issue 20. Oregon  State Marine Board
                    (Marine Board): Technical Guidelines,
                    section 6. (1) (a) and (b), discharge of
                    wastewater to treatment facilities and
                    transport by licensed septage haulers:
                    The Marine Board-has found that time
                    and again with Oregon there has been
                    non-acceptance of vessel wastes by
                    many small municipal wastewater
                    treatment facilities. Therefore, the
                    Marine Board recommends that USFWS
                    or others conduct a detailed  study on
                    the effects of vessel waste treated by
                    municipal wastewater systems and
                    provide States technical guidance on
                    this matter.
                      Besponse: When  developing the State
                    Plan, States are asked to identify any
                    problems with municipal treatment
                    plant operators accepting marine
                    sewage. When the extent of the problem
                    is ascertained, the Service will then
                    consider solutions to the problem. At
                    this time, a number of studies have been
                    done to show that vessel sewage should
                    not be a problem to waste treatment
                    plants. Education may be the best tool
                    for overcoming this perceived problem.
                      Issue 21. International Marine
                    Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines.
                    section 7., third paragraph, after first
                    sentence: The IMI requests adding a
                    sentence: "When pumpouts  are
                    installed on or near boat fueling areas,
                    explosion proof motors and  switches
                    must be used."
                      Response: The Service agrees and has
                    added language to that effect.
                      Issue 22. International Marina
                    Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
                    section 1. (5) Nursery Areas: The IMl
                    states that this section  is misleading,
                    unsupported, and subject to regulatory
                    abuse, and should be deleted. New York
                    State Department of Environmental
                    Conservation (DEC): The DEC requests
                    expanding "Nursery areas of indigenous
                    aquatic life" in section 1., item (5) to
                    make reference to State and  Federally
                    designated significant habitats such as
                    are designated in Coastal Zone
                    programs.
                      Besponse: The Service agrees that the
                    definition is too broad and has deleted
it, substituting the definition suggested
by New York State DEC in the
Information Packet and section 1. (5) of
the technical guidelines.
  Issue 23. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 1., Discussion of the effects of
vessel sewage on these waters, first
paragraph, third sentence: The IMI
requests changing the word from
"several" to "many!' in the sentence
"While vessel sewage discharges
represent only one of 'several' sources
• • **»
  Response: The Service agrees and has
made the change.
  Issue 24. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
Section 1., Discussion of the effects of
vessel sewage " • • second paragraph,
second sentence: The IMI requests
adding the word "uncooked" to text:
"Humans are put at risk by eating
'uncooked' contaminated shellfish.
• • *" According to the IMI. cooking
kills the pathogens.
  Response: Although the discussion is
primarily about pathogens, cooking does
not destroy all forms of contaminants.
Therefore, the conservative approach is
taken.
  Issue 25. International Marina
Institute (IM): Information Packet,
Section 1., Discussion of the effects of.
vessel sewage * * * second paragraph,
last sentence: The IMI requests deleting
"and swimming beaches" from text.
According to the IMI, the statement is
not true for most beaches.
  .Response: The Service agrees that the
statement is  not true for most beaches,
and has modified the statement
accordingly.
  Issue 26. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
Section 1., Discussion of the effects of
vessel  sewage • * »third paragraph,
last 2 sentences: The IMI requests
deleting the  last two sentences: "Sewage
discharged from holding tanks will thus
increase the biological oxygen demand
(BOD)  in the vicinity of boats. When
this occurs in poorly .flushed
waterbodies, the dissolved oxygen
concentration of the water may decrease
(Milliken and Lee, 1990." According to
the IMI, this is misleading and faulty
logic. If kept, the IMI requests fully
qualifying this statement as to the
number of holding tanks which must be
dumped to make it significant.
  Response: The sentences are general,
informational statements. The
statements have been qualified to ensure
that they are not misleading.
  Issue 27. North Carolina Department
of Environment, Health & Natural
Resources (DEHNR): Information Packet,
section 1., last paragraph, first, fourth

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                  Federal Register H VbE, 59. Nfr. 4-7' / Thursday, March' 10,. 1394 /• Nbtfceg	11295
and. fifth, sentences, and Information;
Packet, Section 6., second paragraph,
last sentence; It ts the DEHNK's
understanding that zinc sulphate, was
voluntarily^ taken off the market' 10
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 11296	Federal  Register /  Vol.  59. No. .47 / Thursday, March  10;. 1994 / Notices
   Response: This information was
 obtained from the marine industry.
 Average costs, including sewage
 connection and other accessories, for
 the first application period, were close
 to $20,000 per unit Some costs were in
 the range of $60,000.
   Issue 37. International Marina
 Institute (IMI): Infonnation Packet,
 section 7. (1) The Dvfl states that
 stationary units can also be discharged
 into septic systems if the State allows.
 According to the IMI. their advantages
 also include "speed of use".
   Response: Although it may be true
 that the unit contents may be discharged
 into septic systems, this type of
 connection is not encouraged. Speed of
 use has been added as an advantage.
   Issue 38: International Marina
 Institute (IMI): Infonnation Packet,
 section 7. (2) Portable units on wheels,
 fourth sentence: While moving about
 the marina requires more time, the IMI
 believes that also is an advantage for
 pumping out boats during slow
 weekdays, especially after a busy
 weekend.
   .Response: This advantage-has been
 added.
   Issue 39: International Marina
 Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
 section 7. (3) Portable units on a vessel,
 last sentence. Range of operation is not
 a problem, according to  the IMI, since
 one vessel can service an entire harbor
 of several marinas, etc.
 . Response: The Service agrees. This  ~~
 statement has been deleted.
   Issue 40: International Marina
 Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
 section 7. (4) Remote operated multi-
 station systems, last sentence:
 According to the IMI, the last sentence
 talks about he problems of winter
 freezing. Freezing affects every pumpout
 in northern climates, but is less of a
 problem for multi-station systems
 because they generally depend on a
 vacuum tank system which keeps the
 lines free of all standing water. The IMI
 recommends dropping the issue, or
 making a general statement such as:
 "All pumpout systems in northern
 States subject to freezing may need
 winterization.".
   Response: The Service agrees. The
 statement has been deleted.
—fcsueJJ: International Marina
 lnstitute(IMI): Information Packet,
 section 7., next to last paragraph, fourth
 sentence, under Other Factors to
 Consider for Pumpout Stations, "* • * *
 and disinfect suction connection.": The
 IMI states that this sounds like a good
 idea, but how do you do it? Would not
 the disinfectant used, e.g., chlorine,
 pose a more significant threat to aquatic
 life than sewage bacteria inside the hose
connector? Recommend dropping the
words.
  Response: The Service agrees. The
statement has been deleted, and a
suggestion added to use a dedicated
system for flushing and-rinsing hoses.
  issue 42: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Infonnation Packet,
section 7., last paragraph, third sentence
under Other Factors to Consider for
Pumpout Stations: The IMI states that
the statements f'EPA has found* • *"
the need for "maintenance contracts
• • *" and "dedicated funds	,
are misquoted from the final Nonpoint
Pollution Marinas Chapter 5, boat
sewage section pp 5-42 to 5-46. The
IMJ states that the statements are based
on a preliminary practices draft which
was discarded in the final text If
maintenance contracts were necessary
anywhere, according to the IMI, they
would be needed at the public marinas
do not need such government required
contracts or dedicated funds since they
will fix the problem themselves or hire
someone. The IMI recommends deleting
the entire last sentence beginning "EPA
has found  • • *", or specify that this
"only applies to public marinas which
are unable to do their own
maintenance.".
  Response: The reference to EPA has
been dropped. The paragraph has been
kept as a suggestion.
  Issue 43: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Infonnation Packet,
section 8., fifth paragraph, Rental
Contracts: The IMI recommends adding
"waters" to the text of "(1) prohibit boat
sewage discharge into the marina
'waters' to keep the water clean." to
otherwise allow discharge into a
pumpout or sanitary waste system.
  Response: The word has been added,
  Issue 44: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 8., fifth paragraph, Rental
Contracts: The IMI is not sure marinas
can legally force boat owners to covert
to holding tanks (2) without new
legislation since Federal law allows use
of all three types of MSDs. The IMI does
not feel the Service can issue (2) in the
Guideline at this time without a change
in Federal law.
  Response: The Service agrees. The
statement has been deleted.

Technical Guidelines
  The Fish and Wildlife Service will
administer the Clean Vessel Act grant
program through State agencies only.
Both public and private marinas are
eligible to participate in this program
and should conform to these technical
guidelines if they do participate.
Marinas that do not participate in this
program would not have to conform to
these guidelines. The Service believes
that public/private partnerships are a
very important part of the success of
this program, and will give higher
priority to those projects that provide
such partnership. Inability of a State to
give grants to private marinas will result
in a lowering of that State's priority for
funds. Those States that have legal/
administrative roadblocks are strongly
encouraged to overcome them through,
changes in their law or procedures;
  These technical guidelines should be
followed when doing surveys,
developing a plan and education
program, and constructing pumpout
stations and dump stations. Technical
guidelines are presented here by
section. At the end of these guidelines,
an infonnation packet is presented,
which contains a general discussion of.
each section and provides greater detail.
Definitions
  For the purposes of these technical
guidelines the term: (l) Type in marine
sanitation device (holding tank) means
any equipment for installation on board
a vessel which is specifically designed
to receive, retain, and discharge human
body wastes; (2) pumpout station means
a facility that pumps or receives human
body wastes out of Type in marine
sanitation devices installed on board
vessels; (3) recreational vessel means a
vessel (a) manufactured for operation, or
operated, primarily for pleasure; or (b)
leased, rented, or chartered to another
for the latter's pleasure; (4) dump
station means an upland or floating
waste reception facility specifically
designed to receive wastes from portable
toilets carried oh vessels, or floating
restrooms in the water, not connected to
land or structures connected to the land,
used solely by boaters, and does not
include upland restroom facilities; (5)
marina means a facility with ten or
more wet slips and/or dry land storage;
(6) Parking lot harbor means a harbor
which  is home port to many boats kept
on swing moorings or in marina docks.
Most of the time, most of the boats are
unoccupied and unused; (7) Transient
harbor means "destination" harbor
where boaters go during day trips or
berth overnight; (8) Portable toilet
means toilets that are not installed
toilets. They are designed to be removed
from a vessel and their contents emptied
into shoreside receptacles; (9) Coastal
zone has the same meaning that term
has in section 304(1) of the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C.
1453 (1). Section 1453 defines "coastal
zone" as follows: "The term 'coastal
zone* means the coastal waters
(including the lands therein and
thereunder) and the adjacent shorelands

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                  Federal  Register / Vol. 59, No.: 47 / Thursday. March 10. 1994  /Notices
                                                                    11297
(including the waters therein and
thereunder), strongly influenced by each
other and in proximity to tfie shorelines
of the several coastal states, and.
includes islands, transitional and
intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands,
and beaches. The zone extends, in Great
Lakes waters, to the international
boundary between the United States and
Canada and, in other areas, seaward to
the outer limit of the United States
territorial sea. The zone extends inland
from the shorelines only to the extend
necessary to control shorelands, the
uses of which have a direct .and
significant impact on the coastal waters.
Excluded from the coastal zone are
lands the use of which is by  law subject
solely to the discretion of or which is
held in trust by the Federal
Government, its officers or agents."

Section 1. Waters Most Likely To Be
Affected by the Discharge of Sewage
From Vessels
  Guidelines for States to use in
identifying waters most likely to be
affected by the discharge of sewage from
vessels are those waters frequented by
large numbers of boaters and include:
(1) Sheltered waters that are generally
poorly flushed systems; (2) Waters
identified to be of National Significance;
(3) Waters of significant recreational
value; (4) Waters supporting designated
shellfish harvest areas; (5) State and
federally designated Nursery areas of
indigenous aquatic life; (6) Waters
designated by the EPA as "No Discharge
Areas" under section 312(f)(3) and (4)
(A) & (B) of the Clean water Act, and (7)
Waters that do not meet State
designated usage.
Section 2. Surveys of Pumpout Stations
and Dump Stations
  Only'coastal States are required to do
a survey. Coastal States should submit
surveys to the Federal Air official at the
appropriate Fish and Wildlife Service
Regional Office, as follows:
  (1) Region 1 coastal States include
California, Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, Guam,
Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington:
Deputy Assistant Regional Director,
Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Eastside Federal
Complex, 911 NE llth Avenue,
Portland, Oregon 97232-4181, (503)
231-6128.
  (2) Region 2 coastal State  includes
Texas: Deputy Assistant Regional
Director, Division of Federal Aid, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. P.O. Box
1306,500 Gold Avenue. SW,,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103,.(505)
766-2095.
  (3) Region 3 coastal States include
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, and Wisconsin: Deputy Assistant
Regional Director, Division of Federal
Aid. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Bishop Henry Whipple Federal
Building, 1 Federal Drive, Fort Snelling,
Minnesota 55111-4056. (612) 725-3596.
  (4) Region 4 coastal States include
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto
Rico, South Carolina, and the Virgin
Islands: Deputy Assistant Regional
Director, Division of Federal Aid, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. 1875 Century
Boulevard, suite 324, Atlanta, Georgia
30345.404/679-4159.
  (5) Region 5 coastal States include
Connecticut, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, and Virginia: Deputy Assistant
Regional Director, Division of Federal
Aid. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 300
Westgate Center Drive, Hadley,
Massachusetts 01035-9589, (413) 253-
8501.
  Pumpout station/dump station
survey: All marinas, moorages, docks,
etc., should be surveyed. The survey
should include whether the marina has
pumpout stations, dump stations, or
both; how many pumpout and dump
.stations; which ones are operational;
and, the specific coordinates of each
operational pumpout and dump station.
For pumpout and dump stations riot
located in the above marinas, moorages,
etc., such as at ramps, the specific
coordinates should be obtained for these
facilities also. Specific coordinates, i.e.,
latitude and longitude, should be
reported in North American Datum 1983
(NAD 83) standard. Other alternatives
include (a) State Plane Coordinate
Values, and (b) A portion of a NOAA
nautical chart identified by chart
number, edition, and edition date that
marks clearly the pumpout station/
dump station. Specific coordinates for
all pumpout ana dump stations should
be submitted to the appropriate
Regional Office of the Fish and Wildlife
Service for inclusion on NOAA charts.
Suggested survey questions include the
following for each facility: (1) Name and
address of marina, moorage, dock, etc.;
(2) whether the marina is public or
private; (3) telephone number, (4)
location of marina, etc., by county,
water body and specific coordinates; (5)
whether the marina has pumpout
stations, dump stations, or both; (6) how
many pumpout and dump stations; and,
(7) whether the pumpout and dump
stations are  operational
   Boat survey: The survey should
include the following: (1) Total number
of boats by water body and county; (2)
How many boats have Type in MSD
holding tanks; (3) How many boats have
portable toilets.
  A complete survey of all boaters is not
necessary. States should obtain bnly as
much information as is necessary to
determine, within reasonable.
confidence limits, numbers of boats,
how many boats have Type ffl MSD
holding tanks or portable toilets, and
where boaters are most likely to
congregate by water body and county.
Sample surveys are acceptable. Recent
surveys are acceptable if they answer all
the questions needed.

Section 3. What Constitutes Adequate
and Reasonably Available Pumpout
Stations and Dump Stations in Boating
Areas

  As a general guide, at least one
pumpout station and dump station
should be provided for every 300 to 600
boats over 16 feet length overall. This is
not a requirement, but guidance only,
and should be modified depending on
the situation. For instance, if most boats
in an area are under 26 feet, many more
dump stations would be required than
pumpout stations. Another question is
the minimum number of boats that
should have pumpout stations and
dump stations. Again, there is  no one
answer, it is suggested that marinas with
50 slips or more that are capable of
mooring 26 feet + boats have access to
at least one pumpout station, and
marinas with 50 slips or more  that are
capable of mooring 16-26 feet  boats
have access to at least one dump station.
This does not mean that every marina
with 50 + slips should have a pumpout
station or dump station. Where marinas
are adjacent (within two miles of each
other), pumpout stations can be shared.
Other factors should be considered,
such as whether the marina is  a parking
lot or transient harbor, or the amount of
fuel dock use. In determining the
installation of any pumpout station or
dump station, such factors as boat size,
boating use patterns, coastal water
characteristics, sensitive areas, flushing
capacity, etc., should play a large role in
establishing needs for facilities. Due to
the variability in each State, States must
have the flexibility to provide criteria
that addresses their specific needs. See
the discussion in the Information
Packet, section 3, for alternative
approaches to determining need.
   Dump stations should be sited in
conjunction with  pumpout stations, but
should also be located where there are
no pumpout stations but where boats
with portable toilets congregate  or are
used, such as launching ramps.

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    11298
Federal Register /  Vol.  59. No. 47  / Thursday. March 10.  1994 / Notices
      Program evaluation should be given
    great emphasis to assure quality
    products. States should evaluate and
    monitor the program effectiveness to
    determine that facilities are operated
    and maintained, and used for their
    intended purpose. Changes to
    approaches should be made as
    weaknesses and/or opportunities
    become apparent
    Section 4. Plans for Construction
    Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
      Only coastal States are required to
    develop a plan. Coastal States'should
    work with the recreational marina
    industry and others hi developing the
    plan. Coastal States should submit the
    plan to the appropriate Fish and
    Wildlife Service Regional Office, same
    address as in section 2 above. Following
    is an outline which should be used by
    States  when developing the plan:
      (1) Need. This section should
    establish the justification for the
    proposed work based on (a) the results
    of the surveys of existing pumpout
    stations and dump stations and the
    number of recreational vessels; (b) that
    part of the guidance relating to
    determining the adequacy and
    reasonable availability of pumpout
    stations and dump stations and, (c) that
    part of the guidance describing the
    waters most likely to be affected by the
    discharge of sewage from vessels..
      (2) Coals and objectives. The purpose
    of the  plan should be to ensure the
    availability of adequate and reasonably
    available pumpout stations and dump
    stations to the boating public
    throughout the coastal zone of a State.
      (3) Expected results or benefits. This
    section should describe in general how
    water  will be improved by making
    pumpout and dump stations available/
      (4) Approach. !n this section, describe
    the following: (a) How the plan
    addresses all coastal zone waters of the
    State,  and gives priority to waters most
    likely  affected; (b) How the plan
    complements plans of adjacent States
    for shared waters; (c) The strategy for
    locating and constructing, renovating
    and maintaining pumpout and dump
    stations. Address the question of'
    whether or not an existing pumpout or
    dump station is worth upgrading, and
 	how demonstrated problem facilities
    will be upgraded or eliminated. Include
—  the general location and priority of
     projects; {d) How States will ensure that
    (i) waste will be disposed of properly,
    and (ii) that municipal waste treatment
     plants will accept waste; (e) What
     proportion of the slip/mooring capacity
     is in public vs. private marinas, how
     States will seek public/private
     partnerships for siting, constructing and
                    operating pumpout stations and dump
                    stations, any issues/problems, such as
                    legislative/regulatory barriers, and what
                    will be done to overcome these barriers;
                    (fj Innovative techniques to increase the
                    availability and use of pumpout
                    stations/dump stations; (g) Approaches
                    to educate and inform the public and
                    the boating industry on the sue of, and
                    need for, disposal of vessel waste; and,
                    (h) Total estimated cost of the Statewide*
                    plan.

                    Section 5. Education/Information
                      Guidelines for States to consider
                    when developing an education/
                    information plan include:
                      (1) Audience: Consider six audiences
                    when developing your education/
                    information program regarding vessel
                    sewage disposal, handling, and
                    treatment, as follows: (a) Boat owners
                    and operators; (b) Marina owners and
                    operators; (c) Sewage treatment plan
                    owners and operators; (d) Federal
                    (where applicable). State and local
                    governmental authorities and
                    organizations; (e) Boating supply and
                    retailers; (f) The general public.
                      (2) Communication media: There are
                    a variety of media that States may use
                    for disseminating this information.
                    Common methods to consider are:
                    brochures, workshops/symposiums.
                    educational videos, TV/radio, signs.
                    boat shows, etc. Innovative methods are
                    encouraged.
                   ..  (3) Distribution: States have options
                    for distribution of educational
                    information related to boating and
                    pumpout issues. Options include
                    magazines, radio public interest spots.
                    environmental groups, association and
                    federation newsletters. National Estuary
                    Program forums. State and local
                    education programs, local citizens
                    groups, and student groups. New and
                    innovative ways of educating the
                    boating community and the general
                    public are encouraged.

                    Section 6. Appropriate Methods for
                    Disposal of Vessel Sewage From
                    Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
                      Disposal methods will vary among
                    States  depending on a number of
                    factors, including: State and local
                    sanitation codes; the number of
                    recreational vessels and where the
                    vessels are concentrated; the availability
                    and geographic proximity of existing
                    treatment facilities to boating centers;
                    and hydrogeologic characteristics,
                    including soil types and groundwater
                    flows towards drinking water sources
                    and these coastal waters. Depending on
                    these factors. States may consider the
                    following methods: (1) Off-site
                    treatment: (a) Discharge to a public
wastewater collection system and
treatment facility; {b) discharge to a   .
holding tank with removal and transport
by a person licensed to haul septage
waste to a municipal septage receiving/
treatment facility; (2) On-site treatment
at marinas: (a) Discharge to a package
treatment plant; (b) discharge 'to a septic
system.

Section 7. Types of Marine Boat Sewage
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
That May Be Appropriate for
Construction. Renovation. Operation, or
Maintenance, and Appropriate Location
of the Stations and Facilities Within a
Marina or Boatyard
  Pumpout stations and dump stations
should provide an efficient means of
removing sewage from boats and a
means of disposing of that sewage in a
safe and sanitary manner. These
facilities should include all the
equipment, structures, and disposal
facilities necessary to ultimately
discharge or dispose of boat sewage in
an efficient, safe and sanitary manner
without causing an actual or potential
public health hazard. Pumpout stations
should include equipment for rinsing
boat holding tanks. Pumpout stations
and dump stations should be adequate
to meet the peak use demand for such
services. Facilities should be operated
and maintained to provide adequate
service, and to be maintained to
function as intended.
  Pumpout stations and dump stations
should be reliable, corrosion resistant,
easy to use. neat and tidy to clean and
use, conveniently located, with low
maintenance. Pumps should be
specifically designed for handling
sewage'. Land-based restrooms are not
an acceptable option for emptying
portable toilets.
  All pumps should be safe, functional
and efficient. Motors and switches
should be ignition protected. Pumps
should be able to pump against the
maximum head developed by elevation
change and line losses. In addition, the
suction connection to the boat should be
a tight fit and adjustable by adapters to
service boat discharge connections.
Pumps should be able to transport flows
out of the holding tank. Pumps
exceeding 45 gallons per minute may
cause tanks to collapse.
   Factors in determining pumpout
station holding tank capacity include
boat size and use patterns. Sizing
should be done on a case-by-case basis
using documented demand, if possible.
Holding tanks should be designed and
installed to meet local regulations.
   For all vessels manufactured  after
December 31,1994, a standard deck
 fitting for removal of sewage should be

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                  Federal Register / Vol. 59, No.  47 / Thursday, March  10,  1994 / Notices	11299
constructed to the "International
standard ISO 4567 Shipbuilding—
Yachets—Waste water fittings" for
holding tanks, which is a female 38.1
mm (IVz") pipe size with 11 threads per
25.4 mm (inch). These threads could
utilize a quick-disconnect or cam lock
fitting. For existing vessels, an adapter,
such as a tapered cone, should be used
for non-standard deck fittings. All
pumpout connectors should fit the
standard deck fitting.
  For all vessels manufactured after
December 31,1994. because of possible
confusion between waste, fuel and
water deck fittings, the deck fittings
should be identified with the words
"WASTE", "GAS*', "DIESEL", and
"WATER", and color code the fittings
with black caps for waste, red caps for
gas and diesel, and blue caps for water.
  The ultimate location for the station
should be based on the unique
conditions of the marina, boatyard,
mooring field or other anchorage.
Stationary pumpout stations should be
located  for the convenience of, and to
encourage boaters to use the facility.
Mobile pumpout stations should have
reasonable access to boaters.
Section 8. Other Information (No
Technical Guidelines)
Information Packet
  This information packet is not
technical guidelines. It has been
recommended to provide additional
information to States, and to marinas
and others who participate in this
program. The information packet
presents general information on surveys,
plans, education/information, pumpout
facilities and other information helpful
in promoting establishment of facilities.
It provides a more detailed discussion of
the technical guidelines, with examples
and explanations. This information
packet is also by Section, which
corresponds to the sections in the
technical guidelines.
Section 1. Waters Most Likely To Be
Affected by the Discharge of Sewage
From Vessels
   The following coastal waters,
including the Territorial Seas, estuaries,
bays, and sounds, and then U.S. lakes
and rivers as defined below, are
considered waters most likely to be
affected by the discharge of sewage from
vessels. These definitions are not ranked
 in priority order.
   (1) Sheltered waters that are generally
 poorly flushed systems.
   (2) Waters of National significance:
 Waters identified by the Environmental
 Protection Agency under the National
 Estuary Program, waters identified by
the NO AA under the Estuarine Reserve
program, and Marine Sanctuaries
program where appropriate.
  (3) Waters of significant recreational
value: A water body with unusual value
as a resource for outdoor recreation
activities, e.g., fishing, boating,
canoeing, water skiing, swimming,
scuba diving, or nature observation. The
significance may be in the intensity of
present usage, in an unusual quality of
recreational experience, or in the
potential for unusual future recreational
use or experience.
  (4) Shellfish harvest waters: Waters
designated as shellfish producing and
harvesting areas.
  (5) Nursery areas of indigenous
aquatic life: State and federally
designated significant habitats such as
are designated in Coastal Zone
programs.
  (6) Waters designated by the EPA as
"No Discharge Areas" under Section
312(0(3) and (4)(A) & (B) of the Clean
Water Act.
  (7) Waters that do not meet State
designated usage.
Discussion of the Effects of Vessel
Sewage on These Waters
  Waters previously designated by the
EPA under the Clean Water Act as "No
Discharge Areas" are eligible for
renovation, maintenance and further
construction funds under this program.
The discharge of sewage from boats may
degrade water quality by (1) introducing
microbial pathogens into the
environment and (2) locally increasing
biological oxygen demand (U.S.  EPA,
1985). While vessel'sewage discharges
represent only one of many sources of
point and non-point pollution, the
number of boats  using coastal waters
has increased substantially during the
past decade. The contribution of boat
sewage to total pathogen loadings and
local BOD has grown proportionately.
   A potentially serious problem
resulting from vessel sewage discharges
is the introduction of disease-carrying
microorganisms from fecal matter into
the coastal aquatic environment.
Humans are put  at risk by eating
contaminated shellfish and by
swimming in contaminated waters. The
major disease-carrying agents are
bacteria and viruses, and the most
common serious ailment  is acute
gastroenteritis. Other waterbome
diseases include hepatitis, typhoid, and
cholera (Milliken and Lee, 1990). The
indicators used to  detect sewage
pollution are not the pathogens
themselves, but, rather, coliform
bacteria. These bacteria are always
 present in the human -intestinal  tract
and are thus considered reliable
indicators of the presence of human
waste (U.S. EPA, 1985). Studies
conducted in Puget Sound, Long Island
Sound, Narragansett Bay, and
Chesapeake Bay have demonstrated that
boats can be a significant source of fecal
coliform bacteria in coastal waters,
particularly in areas with high boat
densities and low hydrologic flushing
(Milliken and Lee, 1990; JRB Associates,
1980). If coliform levels exceed
allowable thresholds, shellfish beds and
swimming beaches may be closed  to
minimize the threat of public health
problems. In addition, shellfish beds
and some swimming beaches in the
immediate vicinity of marinas are  often
closed because of the potential of"
contamination from vessel sewage
discharges.
  These organic-rich wastes also have
the potential to depress oxygen levels as
they decay in  the marine environment.
Biological oxygen demand is a measure
of the dissolved oxygen required to
decompose the organic matter in the
water by aerobic processes. When  the
loading of organic matter increases, .the
BOD increases, and there is a
consequent reduction in the dissolved
oxygen available for respiration by
aquatic organisms (U.S. EPA, 1985).
Although the  volume of wastewater
discharged from boats is relatively
small, the organics in the wastewater are
concentrated, and therefore the BOD
(1700-3500 mg/1) is much higher than
that of raw municipal sewage (110—100
mg/1) or treated municipal sewage (5-
100  mg/1) (JRB Associates. 1981).
Sewage discharged from holding tanks
will thus increase the BOD in the
vicinity of boats. When this occurs in
poorly flushed waterbodies, the
dissolved oxygen concentrations of the
water may decrease (Milliken and Lee,
1990). The amount of the decrease in
dissolved oxygen concentrations,  and
therefore the  significance to the water.
depends on the amount of sewage
discharged into the system.
  Chemical additives such as chlorine
and formaldehyde are used to disinfect
or control odors of on-board sewage.
There is little indication that these
chemicals have any harmful effects on
the environment. The holding tank
chemicals in  use today are generally
biodegradable and, if even marginally
diluted,  have little effect on treatment
 systems. No heavy metals or other.
severe, lingering toxics can be expected.
However, some discussion of possible
 problems should be mentioned here. Of
 the  two major disinfectant chemicals
 used—chlorine and formaldehyde—
 only chlorine" has been shown to be
 toxic in  the aquatic environment. While
 formaldehyde is considered a toxic

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   11300
Federal  Register / Vol.  59,  N6.:47  /  Thursday. ''March" 10, 1994  /  Notices
   substance, it is completely miscible in
   water and is readily degradable. While
   a direct link between MSB holding tank
   disinfectants and effects on the
   environment has not been documented,
   the presence of these chemicals in
   sufficient concentrations may be of
   concern (JRB Associates, 1981). Use of
   these chemicals as directed by the
   manufacturer should not result in
   problems. However, since the amounts
   of chemicals added are controlled by the
   boat owner or operator, excess use may
   occur.
   Section 2. Surveys of Pumpout Stations
   and Dump Stations
     The Clean Vessel Act of 1992 calls for
   surveys by coastal States within three
   months of notification to the States of
   the final technical guidelines to
   determine: (1) The number and location
   of all operational pumpout stations and
   dump stations at public and private
   marinas, mooring areas, docks, and
   other boating facilities within the
   coastal zone of a State;  and (2) the
   number of recreational  vessels in the
   coastal waters of the State with Type III
   marine sanitation devices (holding
   tanks) or portable toilets and the areas
   where those vessels congregate.
     Survey information may be obtainable
   from the boat registration process or
   files: contacts with trade associations or
   coating organizations; from national
   surveys if available; or from mail or
   telephone surveys of boaters or marina/ --
   mooring field facility operators. Some
   States have  surveyed boaters at marinas
   on high concentration days. The U.S.
   Coast Guard, telephone 202/267-1497,
   can provide the following information
   regarding Documented  Vessels [5 net
   tons and larger): The vessel's port of
   documentation, vessel length, beam, net
   tonnage, and whether or not the vessel
   is equipped with mechanical
   propulsion.

   Section 3. What Constitutes Adequate
   and Reasonably Available Pumpout
   Stations and Dump Stations in Boating
   Areas
     Factors affecting pumpout use:
   Potential demand for pumpouts and/or
   dump stations is a function of several
   variables. First is the number of boats of
 —a-size that use sewage holding tanks or
   portabieTbilets and where they are
—  stored. Second, accessibility of
   pumpouts and dump stations affects
   their use. Distance •from routes of travel
   or from the  home port as well as the
   likely waiting time once at the facility
                    can affect the willingness of boaters to
                    use pumpouts and dump stations. A
                    third factor to consider is boat use. High
                    use at moorages is related to transient
                    versus "parking lot" customers, year-
                    round versus seasonal users, and the
                    frequency of overnight use of boats.
                    High boat use is seasonal, correlated
                    with good weather, weekends and
                    holidays. Fourth is the fee charged, with
                    higher use related to lower fees (Ross &
                    Amaral, 1992).
                      High use of pumpouts and dump
                    stations has also been related to
                    aggressive management practices, active
                    enforcement of "No Discharge Areas",
                    perception of need by the public
                    (related to the environmental sensitivity
                    of the area and educational efforts), and
                    good maintenance (Ross & Amaral,
                    1992).
                      Determining adequate and reasonably
                    available station/facility needs: Boat
                    numbers, boat size, boating use patterns,
                    numbers and distribution of existing
                    facilities, and where boats are kept
                    during boating season (Le., in a marina,
                    yacht club, private dock, mooring, home
                    on a trailer, etc.), determine the need for
                    pumpout stations and dump stations.
                    Moorages that receive high transient
                    use, have mooring fields, for large boats,
                    are visited by large numbers of boats, for
                    refueling, and/or have a large number of
                    people sleeping overnight or living on
                    their boats should have high priority.
                    Yacht clubs, boatyards and large
                    capacity private docks should also be
                    considered for priority installation of
                    pumpouts and dump stations. Other
                    situations that might be considered for
                    the installation of facilities include
                    marinas that provide fuel or service
                    vessels equipped with MSD holding
                    tanks. In addition to distributing
                    stations/facilities in the above types of
                    boating moorages, additional stations/
                    facilities may be warranted where boat
                    use impacts poorly flushed bays,coves,
                    or sloughs and environmentally
                    sensitive sites. After new facilities have
                    been installed, subsequent patterns of
                    use will indicate where and if
                    additional pumpouts are needed.
                    Periodic surveys should be conducted to
                    ensure adequate numbers of pumpout
                    stations and dump stations exist for
                    boaters in the .future.
                      Requirements for pumpout and dump
                    stations'vary by State and harbor. Some
                    examples are as follows: Delaware
                    requires a pumpout for marinas
                    harboring 100 or more boats with
                    marinas of 25-100 sharing a pumpout
                    and those with less than 25 not required
to install facilities. For New England,
EPA Region I guidelines suggest a
pumpout for 300-600 boats with toilets.
A minimum of one pumpout per 300
boats with toilets is recommended in
transient harbors with a high percentage
of large vessels, while one pumpout per
600 boats with toilets should be
provided in "parking lot" harbors where
most boats are less than 25 feet long. In
California's Richardson Bay, the
pumpout guidelines is one station for
every 300 boats. Launching ramps,
marinas, etc., that cater to small craft
(under 26 feet) or are too  shallow for
larger vessels may not need pumpouts..
but may still require dump stations to
receive portable toilet waste.
  EPA's assessment (EPA, 1981)
estimated that 20% of the boats between
16 and 26 feet, 50% of the boats
between 26 and 40 feet, and all of the
vessels over 40 feet had installed toilets
with some type of MSD. So, if exact data
are not available, an estimate could be
calculated. The following is a method
for estimating Statewide need for
pumpout stations and dump stations
(McKieman, pers. comm.). It is not
intended as a guide for determining
requirements for a specific marina or .
harbor. The following assumptions
underlie this method and can be
adjusted where statistically valid
information is available relating to a
State's unique boating population
characteristics.
  (1) Given the availability of boat'
length information gathered during boat
registration, assumptions can be made
regarding the type of on-board
sanitation equipment.
Boat
length
16-26
26--40
40'+
Number :
with toi-
lets (per-
cent)
20
50
100
Type of system
Portable toilets.
Holding tanks.
Holding tanks.
  (2) It is assumed every boat which is
occupied will require service once a
weekend and that the occupancy rate
during peak periods is 40% (Ross, N.
Auto Parking in Marinas, FMI, Wickford.
RI, 1989).
  (3) This method also assumes,
facilities will be in operation for twelve
hours per day during peak boating
season weekends and that the average
time to service a boat;s system will be
15 minutes for holding tanks and S
minutes for portable toilets. Therefore:

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                  Federal  Register / Vol. 59. No.  47 / Thursday. March 10. 1994  / Notices
                                                                               11301
        Calculation for Estimating Need for Dump Stations

No. of     No. With    Peak        BOATS

Boats  x  Portable  x  Occupancy -  REQUIRING

16'-26'    Toilets      Rate        DUMP

         (20%)       (40%)       STATIONS
 Boats Served    No. of Hours    BOATS SERVED

 Per Hour    x   Of Operation - PER FACILITY
                                                                      Dump Stations Required
(12)
              (24)
                                                       (288)
        Calculation for Euimaiing Need foe Pumpout Stations

    No. of    No. With    No. of    Peak       Boats

    {(Boats  x  Holding)  +  Boots)  x Occupany -  Requiring

    26' -40'   Tanks      40'+    Raw       Pompom

            (50%)              (40»)      Facilities
                   Nymbe, 9f Hours    Boao Served

         Per Hour x  Of Operation Per  - perPumpoot

                   Weekend

         (4)        (24)            (96)
                                                                             Pumpoul

                                                                             Stallon!l
                                                                             Required
Section 4. Plans for Constructing
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations

  The Clean Vessel Act calls for coastal
States, within six months after
notification of the final technical
guidelines, to develop a plan for any
construction or renovation of pumpout
stations and dump stations. For
efficiency of review and approval by the
Fish and Wildlife Service, coastal States
should complete the plan in the
standardized format identified in the
technical guidelines.
Section 5. Education/Information

  A clearly defined education/
information program  that will support
the timely implementation of a State
plan should be presented by the State as
a part of that plan. This guidance
provides States with some ideas and
information useful in developing an
education/information program effective
at informing the public, the boating
community, the boating industry, local
government officials, public interest
groups, and other audiences the State
identifies. Ultimately, the State
education/information program should
provide information and understanding
that will encourage the use of and
installation of pumpout and dump
stations.
  Education ol the boating, marina
owner, and vessel sewage handling and
treatment communities is important to
the potential success of this program.
An effective education/information
program will help to  realize both short
term and long term goals of the Act. The
goals of education are as broad as the
           audiences they should be targeted to
           reach, yet, these goals can be achieved
           with increased dialogue between and
           information to these groups.
             Six audiences should be considered
           when developing an education/
           information program regarding vessel
           sewage disposal, handling, and
           treatment, as follows: (1) Boat owners
           and operators; (2) Marina owners and
           operators; (3) Sewage treatment plant
           owners and operators; (4) Federal
           (where applicable). State and local
           governmental  authorities and
           organizations; (5) Boating supply and
           retailers; (6) The general public.
             There are a variety of media that
           States may have available for
           disseminating this information.
           Common methods to consider are;
           brochures, workshops/symposiums,
           educational videos. TV/radio, signs,
           boat shows, etc. Innovative methods are
           encouraged.
             Issues to consider when developing
           education/information material targeted
           to a specific audience:
             Issues on which education/
           information programs for boat owners
           and operators, as well as, boating supply
           and retailers, might focus would
           include: (1) Environmental impacts of
           boater sewage and the benefits of
           pumping out at a pumpout station and
           using a dump station; (2) How a
           pumpout station operates; (3) Pumpout
           hose connections/adapters; (4) Pumpout
           locations and fees; (5) "Green" boat
           toilet chemicals, i.e.. short term
           biodegradable or less environmentally-
           damaging treatment chemicals.
           Encourage manufacturers through
                                                 demand to market only environmentally
                                                 responsible products; (6) Proper
                                                 operation and maintenance of boat
                                                 toilets; (7) The value of responding to
                                                 boater surveys and requests for
                                                 information.
                                                   Marina owners and operators are
                                                 important participants in the
                                                 implementation of this program. This
                                                 group is making a commitment for the
                                                 long term by agreeing to install,
                                                 maintain, and operate pumpout and
                                                 dump stations. Issues States should
                                                 consider (where applicable) when
                                                 developing education/information
                                                 programs for marina owner and
                                                 operators include: (1) Benefits to
                                                 marinas under this program; (2) The
                                                 application process for receiving funds
                                                 to construct, renovate, maintain, and
                                                 operate pumpout and dump stations; (3)
                                                 What are adequate and reasonably
                                                 available pumpout facilities; (4)
                                                 Reasonable fees; (5) Environmental
                                                 benefits of providing pumpout stations
                                                 and dump stations; (6) How to obtain a
                                                 permit for a municipal hookup and
                                                 options for disposal of pumpout waste;
                                                 (7) Where to locate pumpout and dump
                                                 stations; (8) Methods of encouraging
                                                 boater compliance with pumpout
                                                 requirements;  (9) Types of pumpouts
                                                 and dump stations currently on the
                                                 market; (10) Encourage manufacturers to
                                                 provide demonstrations for and training
                                                 of marina personnel responsible for
                                                 operating these devices; (11)
                                                 Highlighting Those marinas that have
                                                 done an excellent job in installing and
                                                 maintaining facilities.
                                                   Wastewater collected from pumpout
                                                 facilities must be discharged from the

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     11302
Federal  Register  /  Vol.  59,  No. 47  /  Thursday, .March 10, 1994  /  Notices
     marina to an appropriate treatment
     facility. Waste treatment plant owners
     and operators should be made aware of
     the options available to them for
     receiving and treating waste from boat
     holding tanks and portable toilets.
     Issues for States to consider when
     developing education/information
     programs for wastewater treatment
     facility owners and operators include:
     (1) Effects of this waste stream on waste
     treatment plant's normal operations and
     how to mitigate any negative effects; (2)
     Volume of waste from boats in
     proportion to normal "household"
     loading standard; (3) Experience of
     waste system operators in areas
     designated "No Discharge".
       States may find it necessary to
     develop education/information
     programs that address issues, related to
     Federal, State end local government
     agencies. Issues to consider for
     education/information programs for this
     audience include: (1) Awareness of
     environmental  requirements and
     enforcement options for vessel sewage
     disposal and treatment (particularly for
     incoming harbor masters); (2)  .
     Encouraging the development of
     technical guidelines for design,
     installation, and use of pumpout
     facilities; (3) Encouraging the
     appropriate Federal agencies to support
     a national standard on pumpout and
     boat fittings; (4) Environmental benefits
     of reducing the amount of waste water
     discharged from boats in localized areas,
     e.g., shellfish beds; (5) Encouraging
     vessel manufacturers to include
     procedures for proper operation of
     vessel holding tanks and shoreside
     pumpout facilities in new owners'
     manuals; (6) The value of enforcement
     in implementing this program; (7) Value
     of educating the public; (8) Informing
     Federal and local governments on how
     to access Federal informational sources,
     and encouraging them to do so; (9)
     Working with local governments to
     mandate, after a reasonable period of
     time, the installation of pumpout
     facilities at marinas, as a condition of
     marina licensure or operation.
       Education 6? the general public has an
     important role to play. Issues to
     consider for education/information of
     this audience include: (1) The
     environmental  impacts of boater waste;
__    (2) Importance  of the coastal resource;
     (3) Efforts by the boating community to
     reduce, waste discharges.
       States have options for distribution of
     educational information related to
     boating and pumpout issues. Options
     include magazines, radio public interest
     spots, environmental groups,
     association and federation newsletters.
     National Estuary Program forums, State
                    and local education programs, local
                    citizens groups, and student groups.
                    New and innovative ways of educating
                    the boating community and the general
                    public are encouraged.
                      Representatives of the various groups
                    could meet together at the State/local
                    level to determine what information and
                    education materials and strategies are
                    needed to accomplish the objective.
                    Private conservation and education
                    groups could provide suggestions and
                    materials once the needs are defined.
                    Section 6. Appropriate Methods for
                    Disposal .of Vessel Sewage From
                    Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
                      Introduction: The safe and sanitary
                    disposal of vessel sewage waste must be
                    provided for when constructing and
                    operating pumpout stations and dump
                    stations.  Boaters will not want to spend
                    time and money pumping out unless
                    they can be assured that their efforts
                            improve wajer quality.
                    Vessel Sewage Characterization
                      Vessel sewage is more concentrated
                    than domestic sewage for almost all the
                    standard .parameters used to measure
                    the quality of wastewater, including
                    suspended solids, BOD, and total
                    nitrogen. For example, the typical
                    concentration  of BOD in vessels is
                    between 1700-3500 mg/1. while typical
                    sanitary wastewater ranges from 110-
                    400 mg/1 for raw sewage and 5-100 mg/
                    1 for treated sewage. Raw municipal
                    sewage has a lower concentration
                    because people on land use more water
                    for sanitary purposes than do people on
                    boats. In addition, the proportion of gray
                    water (defined as water from baths,
                    showers and kitchens) is greater in
                    municipal sewage, and municipal
                    collection systems are subject to inflow
                    and infiltration of storm water.
                      Another characteristic of vessel
                    holding tank waste is the presence of
                    chemical additives used to disinfect and
                    deodorize the  waste. These same
                    additives are used .to treat sanitary
                    wastes in recreational vehicles (RVs),
                    trains, and aircraft. Ideally, the odor-
                    control chemicals should be
                    biodegradable when diluted. These
                    chemical additives commonly contain
                    ah active disinfectant along with dyes
                    and perfumes. Some of the more
                    common disinfectants include
                    formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and
                    quaternary ammonium chloride;
                    formaldehyde is the most popular
                    because of its effectiveness.
                      There is some concern from operators
                    of small municipal and package sewage
                    treatment plants and some marina
                    operators with septic systems that vessel
                    sewage holding tank waste may
adversely affect performance of their
sewage treatment systems by destroying
the bacterial population, thereby
reducing plant efficiency. A second
concern, particularly of operators of
municipal treatment plants operating at
or near capacity, is that the additional
volume of waste will cause the plant to
exceed its capacity to treat wastewater
effectively.
  Research into the effects of chemical
additives on sewage treatment processes
indicates that these problems have been
greatly overstated, and that, in general,
most municipal sewage treatment plants
can handle vessel holding tank waste
without difficulty. In addition to
relatively low volumes generated by
sewage pumpout stations, .the weekly
and seasonal usage of marina facilities
protects treatment systems from failing
or exceeding capacity. Marinas receive
their largest pumpout volumes on
weekends and, in many parts of the
country, only during the summer
season. Therefore, treatment plants
generally are able to assimilate such
intermittent waste loading and no
serious operational problem occurs.
  Despite the negligible effects of
holding tank additives  on sewage
treatment processes, general concern
about toxic contaminants in the
environment has led to the  development
of non-toxic, environmentally benign
holding tank deodorants and
disinfectants such as quarternary
ammonium compounds, enzymes and
adamantane. Holding tank chemicals in
use today are generally biodegradable
and if even marginally  diluted, have
little effect on treatment systems. No
heavy metals or other severe, lingering
toxics can be expected. States should
encourage the use  of these
biodegradable products through
education and, if necessary', regulation.

Disposal Methods
  Disposal methods will vary
depending on a number of factors,
including: State and local sanitation
codes; the number'of recreational
vessels and where the vessels are
concentrated; the availability and
geographic proximity of existing
treatment facilities to boating centers;
and hydrogeologic characteristics,
including soil types and groundwater
flows. Depending on these factors,
States may consider the following
methods: (1) Off-site treatment: (a)
Discharge to a public wastewater
collection system and treatment facility;
(b) discharge to a holding tank with
removal and transport by a  licensed
septage hauler to a municipal septage
receiving/treatment facility.

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                  Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 47 / Thursday. March  10.  1994 / Notices
                                                                    11303
  (2) On-site treatment at marinas: (a)
Discharge to a package treatment plant
with subsequent discharge back into
coastal waters (a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System permit
would be required); (b) discharge to a
septic system, where no other
alternative is available.
  The following is a description of the
relative merits of each of these methods.
It should be noted that each State has its
own regulations and policies regarding
what it considers "appropriate"
disposal methods. What one State
considers appropriate or even desirable*-
another may prohibit.
Off-Site Treatment
  There are hundreds of existing
municipal wasteweter treatment
facilities  serving coastal areas
throughout the country. Most provide at
least secondary treatment utilizing an
activated sludge process, but they vary
greatly in size and details of treatment
structures, sludge handling capability,
and success in meeting current permit
terms and conditions. In addition, many
also incorporate septage receiving and
treatment facilities into the overall
treatment system.
  Public  Wastewater Collection
Systems: The best option for the safe
and sanitary disposal of vessel sewage is
through a direct connection to an
approved wasteweter treatment facility.
Most municipal treatment plants should
have no problem accepting vessel
holding tank waste. The relatively small
volume of holding tank waste, bled  into
the sanitary waste stream, is effectively
diluted by municipal sewage. The
relatively large volume of wastewater
routinely handled by these plants also
mitigates against plant upset, and the
treatment process can also break down
or volatilize certain of the trace organic
chemicals. Sewage treatment plants
with a long history of accepting holding
tank waste have reported no problems
with this practice. However, States
should exercise caution in designating
sewage treatment plants that are over-
capacity, have operational problems, or
violate permit conditions on a regular
basis.
   Shoreside Holding Tanks/Septage
Treatment  Facilities: Many boating
facilities are located where connection
to a wastewater collection system is
difficult  or infeasible. In these cases,
connection of the pumpout or dump
station to a shoreside holding tank is the
next best option. Holding {or tight)  tanks
provide a means for sanitary storage of
vessel sewage until it can be transported
by a licensed septage hauler to an
approved septic waste receiving/
treatment facility. The holding tank may
be above or below ground, depending
on State or local requirements, but
should be located on solid land and
secured to minimize potential storm
damage or vandalism
  Septage receiving/treatment facilities
are designed specifically to pretreat
these wastes before introducing them to
the wastewater treatment system.
Because vessel holding tank and
portable toilet waste is similar in nature
to domestic septage, although more
concentrated with variable amounts of
organic chemicals, a properly operating
municipal treatment plant with septage
receiving/treatment facilities should not
be adversely affected by the
introduction of holding tank waste.
  Modifications to Wastewater/Septage
Treatment Facilities: Some wastewater
treatment plants and septage receiving/
treatment facilities may require
modification to accommodate vessel
sewage. These modifications may
include increased capacity, construction
of adequate septage receiving/treatment
facilities, holding and bleed-in facilities,
pretreatment facilities, and additional
analytical capability. To determine
which plants have the capability to
effectively process holding tank waste,
and whether additional facilities (or
modifications to existing ones) are
required. States may need to conduct a
survey of the existing capabilities and
limitations of their existing sewage
treatment plants. A matrix to determine
these capabilities might include the
following elements, for which many
States have available data as file
information: (1) List all sewage
treatment plants; (2) Eliminate plants
that are over capacity, have operational
problems, or violate permit conditions
regularly; (3) Evaluate the balance for
existing capacity and treatment
methodology; (4) Estimate the available
capacity;  (5) Develop a short list of
candidates for vessel sewage treatment;
(6) Develop list of potential needs for
modifications to those plants, including:
(a) Receiving stations; (b) holdk
in tanks, and associated piping; (c)
pretreatment needs; (d) associated
sludge handling needs; and, (e)
additional staff and analytical
capabilities.
On-Site Treatment
   On-site treatment at a marina may be
a viable alternative when the marina is
not located near sewer lines, when
transport of waste is prohibitively
expensive, when the local sewage
treatment plant is unable to accept
additional discharges, and when
groundwater and coastal waters can be
protected. Prior to installing these
systems. State law should be reviewed
for legality. On-site treatment eliminates
the need to transport waste. However,
the proliferation of small, potentially
troublesome treatment systems often
creates more water quality problems
than the collection of vessel sewage is
intended to solve, including coastal and
groundwater contamination.

Package Treatment Plants
  Package treatment plants offer an
alternative for the treatment of both
vessel sewage and waste generated by
marina restrooms and other shoreside
sanitary facilities. Package treatment
plants are usually small, prefabricated
sewage treatment plants that provide
secondary treatment, generally utilizing
the extended air mode of operation. In
this process, treatment is accomplished
by introducing air into the wastewater
to encourage the growth of aerobic
bacteria which digest the sewage,
providing a high degree of treatment.
  Discharging vessel sewage to a
package treatment plant should only be
considered by boating  facilities with
large treatment systems that can handle
the increased shock loading and
chemical additives present in this type
of waste. The typical problems with
such systems are exacerbated by the
nature of holding tank waste. Like septic
systems, package plants are designed to
deal with  sewage with a low solids
content, and the treatment process itself
is highly dependent on an environment
that  is not toxic to the  treatment
bacteria. Holding tank waste is
concentrated, which may raise
treatment and sludge handling issues.
Normal difficulties with treatment
variability would be worsened by the
slug flow nature of the discharges to a
package treatment plant, though they
can be eliminated by "bleeding" the
influent into the plant. In addition, the
waste may contain metals and
hydrocarbons which can destroy the
treatment process in a small plant.
  Based on these concerns, States may
not went to encourage the development
of a  multiplicity of small sewage
treatment plants, due to the variability
of effluent quality as well as substantial
difficulty in ensuring proper operation
and maintenance of the mechanical
components of such systems.

Septic Systems
   Septic systems are the conventional
on-site sewage treatment systems
throughout the United States. They
consist of a septic tank where primary
treatment (physical operations)
 predominate. These operations are
 floatation, settling, and the digestion of
the sludge that accumulates in the
bottom of the tank. Effluent from the

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 11304	Federal Register / Vol. 59, No.  47-/ Thursday, .March 10, 1994  /  Notices
 tank is directed to a subsurface leaching
 system which provides additional
 treatment by establishment of a
 biological crust; its resultant
 permeability is a direct function of the
 BOO and suspended solids in the
 effluent stream. Once effluent leaves the
 crust zone it enters a soil environment
 where, if the septic system has been
 properly sited, a number of treatment
 processes will result in a high quality
 final effluent The size and location of
 the leaching system (or drainfield) is"
 extremely important because of the
 quality of the final treatment is highly
 dependent on the type and quantity of
 the soil through which the effluent will
 pass.
 .  In general, septic systems are not a
 favorable option for the disposal of
 vessel sewage, because they are not
 designed to treat the high solids content,
 high strength, and possibly toxic
 content of these wastes. They are not
 very effective at removing trace organic
 chemicals, and are ineffective at'
 removing nutrients. The chemical
 additives used to disinfect and
 deodorize holding tank waste may kill
 the bacteria that aerobically digest the
 sewage, allowing solids to pass through
 the septic tank and causing the
 drainfield to clog and overflow.
 Nutrients leaching from the drainfield
 may stimulate algal growth in receiving
 waters, which can reduce the amount of ^
 sunlight necessary for submerged
 aquatic vegetation to grow and use up
 oxygen needed for fish and other
 aquatic life. In marine waters nitrogen is
 the nutrient most likely to. cause these
 adverse effects, while phosphorous is
 the problem in fresh water.
   Vessel sewage should be discharged
 to a septic system only if no other
 options exist and the system is
 specifically designed and sited to
 receive such waste. This design
 includes: Using large tanks to manage
 and "bleed" in increased flows from
 pumpout stations; combining flows
 from ordinary bathroom facilities on-
 shore and the pumpout stations to
 dilute pumpout wastes; providing two
 septic tanks in series to help segregate
 solids in the first tank and increase
~retenfidfrtime in the system; a large
 single drainfield or use of alternating
 drainfields, and proper siting to assure
 the leach field does not drain into the
 coastal waters or contaminate
 groundwater. In addition to following
 specific design criteria, septic systems
 should be inspected regularly and
 properly maintained.
Section 7. Types of Marine Boat Sewage
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
That may be Appropriate for
Construction, Renovation, Operation, or
Maintenance, and Appropriate Location
of the Stations and Facilities Within a
Marina or Boatyard
  There are four basic types of pumpout
stations on the market. Each one has its
advantages and disadvantages. Since
every marina is unique, there is no one
solution that will work in all cases.
Therefore, each' case should be
examined individually, and the
pumpout that will work best in any
particular situation should be selected.
Costs for equipment and installation can
vary greatly, depending on need for
sewage lift stations to accommodate
widely fluctuating tides, need for
special onshore holding tanks to hold
concentrated waste, cost of connection
to a sewer system, and other factors.
Stationary or portable dockside pumps
cost in the range of $2,000 to $10,000,
and typical complete installations may
be as high as $20,000. Following is a list
of pumpout station types with a
discussion of advantages and
disadvantages.
  (l) Stationary pumpout unit:
Stationary units includes connector
hose and  primp, and are connected
directly to a local or municipal sewage
treatment facility or a holding tank. The
unit is usually located at the end of a
pier or floating dock, often near the
fueling facilities. Vessels access the
pumpout station by approaching and
securing to the dock or pier. Advantages
are convenience, efficiency and speed of
use. Principal disadvantage is that the
unit restricts pumpout service to.a
single .area of the marina, which may
cause congestion.
  (2) Portable pumpout unit on wheels:
This unit maybe a wheeled device,
consisting of a holding tank, hose and
mechanical or hand pump, that is
pushed along a dock to the vessel's
location to pump out vessel sewage. The
advantage is the unit is brought to the
boat rather than the boat to the station.
When full of sewage, however, the unit
can be heavy and cumbersome. Since it
must be moved from boat to beat, the
time required to complete the pumpout
operation can be somewhat greater than
that of fixed units. Being able to move
the unit can also be an advantage for
pumping out boats during slow
weekdays, especially after a busy
weekend. The unit is also limited by its
storage capacity.
  (3) Portable pumpout unit on  vessel:
This unit is a boat with pumpout station
on board, consisting of a  pump and
holding tank, that may be radio-
dispatched or respond to a signal flag,
to pump vessel holding tanks. The
advantage is the convenience of having
the pumpout station come directly to
the boat.
  (4) Remote operated multi-station
system: This system has a pump which
transports wastes via a main sewer to
central collection and treatment. This
unit can provide pumpout capabilities
at any number of locations throughout
the marina. This system, which
provides wastewater collection anytime,
combines the convenience and
efficiency  of fixed units with the
versatility offered by portables. This
system must be specifically designed to
individual project requirements.
  There are five basic types of pumps
used in pumpout systems. Following is
a description of each.
  (1) Centrifugal pump (rotary or
impeller types): This pump works when
sewage in  its impeller is spun to the
outside of the impeller by centrifugal
force, which creates a low pressure area
at the impeller as it pumps. Most
centrifugal pumps require priming. This
pump is usually employed in lift station
situations.
  (2) Reciprocating pump (diaphragm
and piston types): This pump,
mechanical or hand opera tea, creates
suction by mechanically lifting a
diaphragm up and pushing it down in
a pump body. The diaphragm works in
conjunction with two or four check
valves. As the diaphragm lifts, the low
pressure area under it causes sewage to
be sucked into the body through the
inlet check valve; when it is pushed
down the pressure under the diaphragm
closes the inlet check valve and forces
sewage out the outlet check valve. This
pump is self-priming.
  (3) Vacuum pump: This pump  does
not directly contact sewage, but draws
air out of a tank which creates the
necessary  low pressure area or vacuum
to cause the sewage to flow in. When
the accumulator tank is full, pressurized
air enters the accumulator tank and the
pressure pushes the sewage out to a
sewer or holding Hank. This pump
allows pumping over longer distances.
  (4) Flexible vein impeller pump: This
pump has suction lift. It is easy to repair
and needs no priming. A switch device
is needed to prevent the pump from
running dry .and damaging the impeller.
  (5) Progressive cavity pump: This
pump consists of stainless steel rotor or
screw surrounded by a tight fitting
rubber sleeve. As the rotor turns the.
sewage is progressively moved to the
discharge line. This pump is self-
priming.
  Equipment failure can occur with any
of the above equipment. Most common

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                  Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 47 / Thursday. March 10, 1994 / Notices	11305
causes are mechanical failure, followed
by clogging of hose and/or pump, loss
of hose prime, and hose failure (Ross &
Amaral, 1992).
  In addition to pumpout stations, there
are facilities to receive sewage waste
from portable toilets. A dump station
consists of a receiving receptacle for
sewage from portable toilets, and
includes associated equipment and
storage tank or sewer line connection.
This facility is not a land-based or
floating restroom, but can be made a
part of such. Floating dump stations
should be considered at mooring fields
and other strategic locations. The device
typically includes a receiving basin,
which should be a minimum of 12
inches in diameter, and with a  lid that
completely covers the receiving unit (to
control odors and insect access), with
provisions for rinsing the portable toilet
following emptying of the contents. If
the unit is designed to drain, the drain
should be a minimum of 3 inches in
diameter and equipped with an insect-
tight cover. Dump stations should be
equipped with a washdown system to
allow cleaning of the portable toilet. The
washdown system should be clearly
marked as unfit for drinking water.
Wand attachments may be connected to
a pumpout station to empty portable
toilets, rather than building a separate
facility.
  Following is a description of other
equipment that is part of the pumpout
station.
  Pumpout station holding tanks:
Holding tanks should be sized
appropriately for the volume of sewage
generated and the frequency of removal
of material from the holding tank. State
and local requirements may govern the
size of holding tanks. Generally, a 1,500-
gallon holding tank can serve up to 100
boats with holding tanks. In terms of the
number of boats serviced with a normal
removal schedule, the following
minimum sizes are suggested:
Total number of boats serv-
iced with holding tanks
1_20 	
21-40 . .- 	 ».
41-60 	
61-80 . 	
81-1 00 	
100+ 	 	
Recommended
holding tank
volume
(gallons)
300
600
900
1200
1500
2000
   Pipes/hoses: Discharge piping should
 be rigid or noncollapsing flexible, with
 locking connections. Corrugated or
 ribbed hoses are not recommended. The
 line should be watertight and
 appropriately fastened or secured to the
 dock or pier. Local building codes
should be checked for specific piping
requirements, but the following
materials are generally accepted for
pumpout station service: Polyvfnyl
chloride (pvc), and polyethylene.
Expansion joints should be included
where appropriate. Force main systems
may require "thrust blocks" and other
security fastenings.
  Fittings: A decx fitting (sewage
removal fitting) is a flanged fitting
permanently mounted  on the vessel and
connecting to the onboard holding tank.
A connector is a nozzle or coupling
permanently attached to  the suction
hose of a  pumpout station. An adapter
is a fitting designed to  facilitate
adapting  a pumpout connector to a
vessel deck fitting.
  When the requirement for vessels
with an installed toilet to have a
certified marine sanitation device went
into effect under 33 CFR159 on January
30,1975, there was a requirement for
sewage removal fittings or adapters to be
1.5 inch for boats less than 65 feet in
length. The expected types of acceptable
fittings included threaded, flanged, or
quick disconnect fittings. However, 33
CFR 159  was amended on January 3,
1977 to allow holding  tanks to be
certified by definition  if they store
sewage and flushwater only at ambient
air pressure and temperature. As a
result,  boats have been put on the
market with many sizes of sewage
removal connector fittings, requiring the
use of adapters in order to assure a
clean, tight connection when a pumpout
occurs.
  There are several adapters on the
market today. A black  rubber nozzle is
used by most boaters. Another adapter,
the fuel hose fitting or cam-activated
connector, consists of  a male portion
which fits into the connector, and a
female portion which locks onto the
male portion.
  A suction nozzle or  fitting such as a
friction nozzle (right angle preferred) or
cam-activated quick connector positive
locking, attachment should be provided
on the end of the suction hose. Adapters
should be provided to fit the 1.5 inch
discharge connector. A valve should be
provided on the suction hose at the
nozzle. A valve should be provided on
the pump end of the suction line if the
line is to be installed in a manner such
that sewage would discharge from the
line when the pump is removed for
service. Positive locking connections on
the end of the discharge line should be
provided to prevent it from coming
loose during discharge. The discharge
line should be protected from freezing,
and prevented from leaking into the
water. Suction hoses should be
equipped with a clear tubing or a sight
glass on the suction end of the hose to
allow the pumpout station.operator to
determine when the pumping is
complete.
  Other factors that should be
considered when installing pumpout
stations/dump stations include the
following.
  Convenient location enhances use.
Stationary pumpout stations should
generally be located as close to a boat
off-loading point as possible and/or
where boats need to maneuver the least.
The end of a dock is a good location
because it is accessible. Many facilities
are located at the fuel dock, so boaters
only have to go to one location for both
of these activities. Water level changes
should be considered when installing
ptimpout stations.
  Operation and maintenance: Proper
operation and maintenance of pumpout
stations and dump stations'are critical
to provide adequate and reasonable
service. An individual should be
assigned responsibility for operation
and maintenance of pumpout and dump
stations. Consider appropriate
protective clothing, such as gloves, and
hand washing, to protect the operator.
Washing facilities should be readily
available.
  Convenience for boaters and operators
is a major factor. Hours of operation for
pumpout stations should be keyed to
general operating hours for vessels in
the area. Specific maintenance and
winter storage requirements depend on
the system and the location. However,
the following minimum maintenance is
suggested to maintain sanitary
conditions: Use dedicated system for
flushing and rinsing hoses; flush hoses;
pump clean water through the system,
and empty into disposal area, never
onto the ground or into the water.
  An event or hour meter could be
installed on the pump to monitor its
use. Monitoring of pumpouts should be
an integral part of a marina management
program to ensure that the facilities are
operating effectively. The following
practices can be applied successfully to
maintain pumpout facilities: arrange
maintenance contracts with contractors
competent in the repair and servicing of
pumpout facilities; develop  regular
inspection schedules; maintain a
dedicated fund for the repair and
maintenance  of facilities.
Section 8. Other Information That is
Considered Necessary to Promote the
Establishment of Pumpout Facilities to
Reduce Sewage Discharges From
Vessels and to Protect United States
Waters
   Public/privatepartnerships: Since
approximately 80 per cent (based on the

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11306
Federal  Register  /  Vol.  59, No. 47  / Thursday, March 10, 1994  / Notices
1986-87 National Boating Facilities
Survey. Dvfl/URi conducted for NMMA)
of the marinas in the United States are
privately owned, States are encouraged
to develop partnerships, within State
laws and regulations, with private
marinas to construct pumpout stations
at these facilities.
  "No Discharge .Areas": Sections 312(f)
(3) and (4) (A) and (B) of the Clean
Water Act of 1987 enable States to apply
to the EPA for designation of certain
water bodies as "No Discharge Areas".
In doing so. States must meet specific
criteria outlined in 40 CFR 140.4
including demonstrating to the EPA
Administrator that adequate and
reasonably available facilities exist for
the safe and sanitary removal of boat
sewage. States should not consider
"adequate and reasonably available"
under the Clean Vessel Act to satisfy all
requirements for determining "No
Discharge Areas" under the Clean Water
Act. A separate review and
determination would have to be made
by the EPA for Clean Water Act
designation of a "No Discharge Area".
  Holding tank bypass: Discharge of raw
sewage from a vessel in U.S. Territorial
Seas (within the three mile limit) is
illegal. Holding tanks are frequently
bypassed with the use of valves,
commonly called Y-valves. A valve may
be installed on any marine sanitation
device holding tank to provide for the
direct discharge of raw sewage when the
vessel is beyond the baseline of the
Territorial Seas, which is more than
three miles from shore. The valve must
be secured in the closed position while
operating in Territorial Seas. Use of a
padlock, non-releasable wire-tie, or
removal of the valve handle would be
considered adequate securing of the
device. The method chosen must be one
that presents a physical barrier to the
use of the valve or the toilet. All Y-
valves should be standardized, so that
the handle points in the direction that
the sewage flows and/or indicates the
open and closed position. The Y-valve
should be place after the holding tank
rather than between the toilet and
holding tank.
   Upland and floating restrooms: Clean,
well-maintained restrooms are very
desirable for boaters. Many boaters
 would rather use these when available
 than use holding tanks. Restrooms
 should be constructed at marinas and
 other strategic locations.
   Rental Contracts: Marinas could add
 language in rental contracts to prohibit
 discharge of sewage into the marina
 waters.
   Disinfectants, perfumes: Industry
 should produce only products which
 will not harm waste treatment plants or
                    septic tanks. A symbol should be placed
                    on the label of these products indicating
                    they may be discharged into treatment
                    plants or septic tanks if correctly used
                    in a properly designed treatment
                    system.
                      Additional information: For
                    additional information on pumpout
                    stations, refer to: (1) "A Guidebook For
                    Marina Owners and Operators On the
                    Installation and Operation of Sewage
                    Pumpout Stations". Maryland
                    Department of Natural Resources
                    Boating Administration, Coastal
                    Technology. Inc., February 1990; (2)
                    "Commonwealth of Virginia Sanitary
                    Regulations for Marinas and Boat
                    Moorings", State Department of Health,
                    Richmond, VA. 1990; (3) "Guidance for
                    States and Municipalities Seeking "No
                    Discharge Area" Designation for New
                    England Coastal Waters", Rev. 4/92,
                    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
                    Region 1, Boston, MA; (4) "State of the
                    Art Assessment of Boat Sewage
                    Pumpout Program in Washington
                    State". 12/91, Howard Edde, Inc.,
                    Bellevue, WA, for Washington State
                    Parks and'Recreation Commission,
                    Olympia. WA. For further information
                    on pumpout stations and dump stations,
                    consult "Marina Pump Out Facilities",
                    Joseph Wettemann, 1/89, and "Types of
                    Pump Out Facilities", Natchex. 7/92.
                      Dated: February 11,1994.
                    George T. Framptoo, Jr.,
                    Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and
                    Paries.
                    IFR Doc. 94-5530 Filed 3-9-94; 8:45 am)
                    BILLING CODE 431O-65-M
                     Receipt of Applications for Permit

                       The following applicants have
                     applied for a permit to conduct certain
                     activities with endangered species. This
                     notice is provided pursuant to Section
                     10(c) of the Endangered Species Act of
                     1973. as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531, et
                     seq.):
                     PRT-783902
                     Applicant Dallas Zoo, Dallas, TX
                       The applicant requests a permit to
                     export two captive-born female Round
                     Island boas (Casarea dussumieri) to the
                     Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust,
                     United Kingdom, for breeding to
                     enhance the survival of the species.
                     PRT-787726
                     Applicant. Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati, OH
                       The applicant requests a permit to
                     import one female captive-born great
                     Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros
                     unicomis) from the Metropolitan
                     Toronto Zoo, Canada, for breeding to
                     enhance the survival of the species.
PRT-787646
Applicant: Northland Animal Exchange.
  Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
  The applicant requests a permit to
import two captive-bom tigers
(Panthera tigris) from Wild Kingdom
Zoo, Manitoba, Canada, to Steve
Martin's Working Wildlife. Frazer Park.
California, for breeding to enhance the
survival of the species.
  Written data or comments should be
submitted to the Director, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Office of Management
Authority, 4401 North Fairfax Drive,
room 432. Arlington'. Virginia 22203 and
must be received by the Director within
30 days of the date of this publication.
  Documents and other information
submitted with these applications are
available for review, subject to the
requirements of the Privacy Act and
Freedom of Information Act, by any
party who submits a written request for
a copy of such documents to the
following office within 30 days of the •
date of publication of this notice: U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. Office of
Management Authority, 4401 North .
Fairfax Drive, Room 420(c), Arlington.
Virginia 22203. Phone: (703/358-2104);
FAX: (703/358-2281).
  Dated: March 4,1994.
Susan Jacobsen,
Acting Chief. Branch of Permits, Office of
Management Authority.
[FR Doc. 94-5460 Filed 3-9-94:8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-&5-P
 Geological Survey

 Abandonment of the USGS 15-Minute
 Topographic Quadrangle Map Series;
 [1:62,500-Scale]

 AGENCY: Geological Survey, Interior.
 ACTION: Notice.

 SUMMARY: The U.S. Geological Survey
 (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic
 quadrangle map series is the official
 replacement for the USGS 15-minute
 series. The 7.5-minute (l:24,COO-scale)
 series, which provides grater detail than
 the 15-minute series, has been
 completed for all States (except Alaska,
 which is covered by maps at 1:63,360-
 scale) The USGS has not revised or
 reprinted the maps for many years and
 can longer support both the 7.5-mihute
 and the 15-minute map series.
 Consequently, the 15-minute series has
 been officially abandoned and will no
 longer be available for sale after June 1,
 1994.
 DATES: March 1-31.1994—USGS map
 dealers may exchange USGS 15-minute
 topographic maps that they have in
 stock either  for credit at the discounted

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                Appendix D:




Sample §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application

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                                 Table of Contents

1.0    GREATER PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT CERTIFICATION	1

2.0    FACILITY INFORMATION	2
       2.1     Map of Sanitary Waste  Reception Facilities  	2
       2.2     Description of Facility Locations and Types  	4
       2.3     Facility Operation and Maintenance	6
              2.3.1  Facility Accessibility	7
              2.3.2  Facility Maintenance Plans	7
              2.3.3  Completion of Proposed Facilities	7
       2.4     Facility Draught Requirements  	8
       2.5     Facility Waste Treatment Methods  	9

3.0    VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA	  10

4.0    OTHER INFORMATION	  11
       4.1     Enforcement Plan  	  11
       4.2     Local Discharge Ordinances 	  11
       4.3     Public Education/Information Plan	  12
       4.4     Existing Point Source Pollution	  12


                                      Exhibits

Map 1:  Bayside Channel Area	3


                                      Tables

Table 1:  Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per  100ml)  	1
Table 2:  Waste Reception Facility Locations by Type	5
Table 3:  Facility Operation Information	6
Table 4:  Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities	8
Table 5:  Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge Area	  10
Appendix D
D-l
Sample Application

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1.0   Greater Protection and Enhancement Certification

The Bayside Channel  area  is  located just to the  north  of  the City  of Bayside.   It  is
approximately 25 miles long  and varies in width from 5 to 10 miles. Bayside Channel and its
tributaries, Long River, Surf Bay, Tidal Bay, and Island Bay,  discharge to the Atlantic Ocean.

The surface waters associated with the Bayside Channel  and its tributaries are  important
economic and recreational resources. Specifically, the Channel  and associated tributaries are
used in shellfish propagation or harvesting. Shellfish harvesting accounts for 200 total full-time
jobs during the spring  and summer months (State Sea Grant Study).  In addition, the Bayside
Channel includes approximately 1,000 acres of public and private beaches which are used for
recreational activities  that account  for 35,000 visitor-days during the spring and summer
months (State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan).

Over the past 10 years, recreational boating in the Channel has significantly increased. As
indicated in Table 1, fecal coliform  levels in the Bayside Channel  have increased during the
summer months when recreational vessels are on the Channel in great numbers.  Based on the
increasing trends, it can be assumed that discharges  from recreational vessels are impacting
the water quality.  Due to these conditions, the surface waters are currently patrolled during
the summer months to control discharges of sanitary wastes from recreational vessels.  Since
1987, several beaches and over 1,500 acres of shellfish harvesting areas have been closed due
to high levels of fecal coliform in the surface water.  Therefore,  greater  protection of the
surface water is required than the applicable Federal standards to protect the degrading water
quality and stop the decline in  the  local economy which has been impacted by  beach and
shellfish harvesting closures.

                                       Table 1

                    Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per 100ml)
Monitoring Site
Island Bay Dock
Long River
Tidal Bay Marina
Surf Bay Marina
3/91
1.1
0.8
0.4
1.0
6/91
8.6
3.2
1.2
4.0
8/91
8.4
4.2
3.2
4.4
4/92
N/A
0.6
N/A
0.5
6/92
6.4
5.1
4.0
3.2
8/92
6.7
4.8
3.2
4.2
Source:    "Ocean   State  305(b)  Water  Quality  Assessment  Report,"   Ocean  State
           Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Water, 1993, pp. 211-215.

For the protection  and enhancement  of  waters used by the general  public (for  various
commercial and recreational marine  activities), shellfish resources, and other  marine life and
habitat, it is  respectfully requested that a No Discharge  Area be approved  for the  coastal
waters in the City of Bayside  in Ocean  County. This request is made in accordance with 40
CFR §140.4(a).
Appendix D
D-3
Sample Application

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2.0       FACILITY INFORMATION

2.1       Map of Sanitary Waste Reception Facilities

The following map shows the geographic location of holding tank pumpout facilities, portable
toilet dump  stations, and shoreside restrooms within  the proposed Bayside Channel No
Discharge Area.

The three existing pumpout facilities in the area are identified on the map by an "EP" followed
by the number assigned for reference purposes (i.e., EP1, EP2, and EP3). The location of the
two proposed pumpout facilities are indicated on the map as PP1 and PP2. The two existing
dump stations are designated on the map by ED1, ED2, and  EDS,  while the two proposed
dump stations are shown as PD1 and PD2. The five existing shoreside restroom facilities are
labeled on the map as ER1, ER2, ER3, ER4, and ER5. There are no proposed restroom facilities
at this time.
 Sample Application                    D-4                           Appendix D

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          Map 1: Bayside Channel Area
                                                       Atlantic
                                                       Ocean
                                                         Mapl:
                                                        -Bayside
                                                         Channel Area
                                                              Atlantic
                                                               Ocean
                                             EP = Existing Pumpout Facility
                                             PP = Proposed Pumpout Facility
                                             ED = Existing Dump Station
                                             PD = Proposed Dump Station
                                             ER = Existing Restroom Facility
                                             PR = Proposed Restroom Facility
                                               ;= Proposed No Discharge Area
                                             Scale
                                            (In Feet)
                  500 1000    2000
Appendix D
D-5
Sample Application

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2.2       Description of Facility Locations and Types

There are five waterfront facilities (e.g., docks, harbors, marinas), which will be subsequently
called marinas in this application, that operate pumpout facilities and/or dump stations in the
proposed Bayside  Channel No  Discharge Area.  Map  1  in Section 2.1 of this application
provided an overview of the geographic distribution of the  marinas in the  area, however, a
more specific description of the location and type of each marina's sanitary waste reception
facilities  is  provided below:

Surf Bay Marina. This marina is located at the west end of Surf Bay about 0.75 miles from the
bay entrance off the northern end of the Bayside Channel. The marina currently operates one
stationary,  marina-wide pumpout facility, which is located directly to the right of the fuel dock
at the end of the middle pier.  The pumpout facility also accommodates sanitary wastes from
portable toilets.

Waterfront Marina. Due to the close proximity (approximately 0.5 miles) of this marina to Surf
Bay  Marina, it does  not currently operate either a pumpout facility or dump station. The
Waterfront Marina is closer to the bay entrance  off the Bayside Channel than  the  Surf Bay
Marina, so Waterfront Marina has plans to purchase portable pumpout equipment and develop
a dump station (these plans are discussed in detail in Section 2.3 of the application).

Island Bay Dock.  This marina is located in the northwest portion of Island Bay approximately
0.5 miles off the southern part of the Bayside Channel. Island Bay Dock is the only marina
located on the ocean-side of the Bayside Channel. Island Bay is a popular location for vessels
to moor, so the marina  has operated a mobile pumpout facility (located on a vessel) for the
past 5 years which services vessels in Island Bay.  The shoreside marina facilities  include a
dump station for portable toilets.

Tidal Bay Marina.  This marina is located at the northern end of Tidal Bay, approximately 0.5
miles from the bay entrance from the southern part of the Bayside Channel. Tidal Bay Marina
operates one stationary, marina-wide pumpout facility which is located at the end of the fuel
dock.  The pumpout facility is also a reception facility for portable toilet sanitary wastes.

Bayside Harbor. As shown in Map 1, this marina is located directly 0.5 miles south of the Tidal
Bay  Marina in Tidal Bay. In the past, this harbor has referred  its customers to the Tidal Bay
Marina for pumpout and dump services. Three months ago plans were developed to  purchase
a portable  pumpout  system and construct a portable  toilet dump station (these plans are
discussed in detail in Section 2.3 of the application).

The  following table provides the names and addresses for the  five facilities described above.
For reference, the codes assigned to each facility on Map 1 are presented next to each facility.
The  table also summarizes the  water body on  which each facility is located and the number
of pumpout facilities  or dump stations by system type for each facility.
Sample Application                      D-6                             Appendix D

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                                       Table 2

                      Waste Reception  Facility  Locations by Type


Marina
Information

Surf Bay Marina
1 23 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Waterfront
Marina
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Island Bay Dock
12 Island Road
Bayside, US
01266
Tidal Bay Marina
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244
Bayside Harbor
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244

Facility
Map
Codes

EP1/
ED1


PP1/
PD1



EP2/
ED2


EPS/
EDS


PP2/
PD2



Body
of
Water

Surf
Bay


Surf
Bay



Island
Bay


Tidal
Bay


Tidal
Bay


Number of Waste Reception Facilities by
Type and Location

Portable
Pumpout
0



r




0



0



r




Mobile
Pumpout
0



0




1



0



0




Stationary
Pumpout
1



0




0



1



0




Dump
Station
1



r




1



1



r



  Proposed facilities expected to be available by May.

Note:     There are no remote operated multi-station systems in this area.

Sources:  "Ocean County Boater's Guide"  (Ocean County Division of Tourism, 1993); and
          personal communication with owners/operators of Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront
          Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
Appendix D
D-7
Sample Application

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2.3
Facility Operation and Maintenance
The following table summarizes the operation information (i.e.,  hours, fees, and operating
capacity) for each pumpout facility and dump station within the proposed No Discharge Area.
The information provided for the proposed facilities is subject to change.

                                      Table 3

                            Facility Operation Information
Marina Information
Surf Bay Marina
William Smith
123 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01 234
(123) 555-2424
Channel 1 6 VHF-FM
Waterfront Marina
Ed Johnson
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01234
(123) 555-2300
Channel 1 6 VHF-FM
Island Bay Dock
Joseph Hill
12 Island Road
Bayside, US 01 266
(123) 555-1300
Channel 1 2 VHF-FM
Tidal Bay Marina
. Susan Washington
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01244
(123) 555-1 1-11
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Bayside Harbor
John Morrison
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01 244
(123) 555-2222
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Facility
Map
Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
EDS
PP2
PD2
Facility Hours of
Operation
April-October:
M-F: 8am-8pm
S&S: 7am-10pm
November-March:
1 0am-4pm daily
Same as EP1
M-F: 8am-8pm
Sat: 7am-1 1pm
Sun: 7am-10pm
Same as PP1
M-F: 10am-10pm
Sat: 8am-1 1pm
Sun: 7am-10pm
7am-1 1 pm daily
M-Th: 10am-5pm
F&Sat: 7am-10pm
Sun: 7am-9pm
Same as EPS
M-F: 10am-7pm
Sat: 8am-10pm
Sun: 8am-9pm
Same as PP2
Facility Fee
Schedule
For customers:
Free
For others: $5
Free to public
Free to customers
Free to customers
$10
$2
For customers:
Free
For others: $8
Free to public
Free to customers
Free to public
Facility
Operating
Capacity
1 0 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A
1 2 gallons
per minute
N/A
1 0 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A
Sources:   Same sources as Table 2.
Sample Application
                             D-8
Appendix D

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2.3.1      Facility Accessibility

Although the three marinas that currently operate pumpout facilities and dump stations in the
proposed No Discharge Area are all privately owned, access is given to all vessels. As shown
in the table above, however,  reduced facility  use prices are given to patrons at two of the
marinas.

2.3.2      Facility Maintenance Plans

The stationary pumpout/dump facilities at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay Marina are operated
by the customers.  Signs are posted with the  proper operating procedures, however, marina
personnel check on the facility several times a day (especially during periods of heavy use) to
prevent  major problems  (e.g., sewage lines  become clogged if  not rinsed properly)  from
occurring. The pumpouts are both inspected and cleaned once a week and thoroughly checked
and repaired once a year  (usually during the off-season).

The mobile pumpout service provided through a contract with Island Bay Dock is monitored for
maintenance or operational problems on a continuous basis because the owner of the pumpout
vessel Is also the operator.  Approximately once a year the  mobile pumpout is serviced and
repaired. The dump station located at Island Bay Dock is cleaned every night after closing the
marina office.  The dump station does not require much maintenance.

2.3.3      Completion of Proposed Facilities

In  Section 2.2  above, there were two pumpout facilities and two dump stations  described
which are expected to operate within the proposed No Discharge Area. Waterfront Marina and
Bayside  Harbor are each expected to purchase equipment for a portable pumpout facility and
a dedicated portable toilet dump station.  Partial funding for this equipment will come from the
Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant program. Upon receipt of the funds, which are estimated to
be dispersed in 2 months, the marinas  will purchase the dump stations and portable pumpouts.
It is expected that they will be fully operational in time for the beginning of the boating season
in May.  The anticipated hours of operation, fees, and pumpout operating capacity (gallons per
minute)  are provided  in the table at the beginning of this section.
Appendix D                             D-9                      Sample Application

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2.4
Facility Draught Requirements
The following table provides information related to the physical accessibility of vessels to each
pumpout facility and dump station, including the mean low water depth adjacent to each
facility, the maximum  draught  of  vessels excluded from  each facility,  and  the estimated
percentage of vessels precluded from using each facility based on draught limitations.  It is
estimated that 5 percent of vessels using the Bayside Channel  area have a draught of more
than 6 feet, therefore, these vessels can access all the sanitary waste reception facilities in the
area except the pumpout facility at Bayside  Harbor (upon  completion).  It is  estimated that
vessels of this size would have a holding tank (MSD Type III), not a portable toilet, and would
require a pumpout facility.

There  are no  bridges in  the  proposed  No Discharge Area, therefore, no maximum  height
limitations exist.

                                       Table 4

                        Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities
Marina Name
Surf Bay Marina
Waterfront
Marina
Island Bay Dock
Tidal Bay Marina
Bayside Harbor
Facility
Map Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
EDS
PP2
PD2
Mean Low
Water Depth
15ft.
15ft.
12 ft.
12ft.
30ft.
12 ft.
13ft.
13ft.
10ft.
10ft.
Vessel Draught
Limitations
10ft.
10ft.
7 ft.
7ft.
25 ft.
7 ft.
8 ft.
8ft.
6ft.
6ft.
% of Vessels
Excluded
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
5%
5%
Sources:   Personal communication with owners/operators of Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront
           Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
Sample Application
                             D-10
Appendix D

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2.5      Facility Waste Treatment Methods

The stationary pumpout facilities and dump stations located at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay
Marina are linked directly into the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located
15 miles from Surf Bay Marina and 7 miles from Tidal Bay Marina.  Bayside Municipal Sewage
Treatment Plant has made an agreement with the State Department of Environment Protection
(DEP) to accept  vessel sewage.  Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant has consistently
met or exceeded DEP's and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standards.

The mobile pumpout station that services the Island Bay Dock area retains vessel sewage on
board in a 300 gallon holding tank.  Once a week, or more often when the tank level is near
capacity, the mobile pumpout vessel travels to Tidal Bay Marina where a licensed septage
hauler meets the vessel and unloads, or pumps out, the contents of the holding tank into the
truck's holding tank.  The truck then transports the sanitary waste to the Bayside  Municipal
Sewage Treatment  Plant.  The dump station at the Island Bay Dock deposits its contents into
the on-site septic system which is also used for the marina's restroom facilities. The restroom
wastes are mixed with the dump station wastes before entry into the septic system to help
dilute wastes from the portable toilets.

Vessel sewage  collected at the  proposed dump  stations and portable pumpout facilities at
Waterfront Marina and Bayside Harbor will be emptied directly into the sewer system linked
to the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant. The dump stations and portable pumpouts
will be emptied every day  or when full, whichever comes first.
Appendix D                            D-ll                     Sample Application

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3.0
VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA
The marinas in the Bayside Channel area keep records on the number and size of county-
registered and transient vessels.  Although  not all vessels use these five marinas, these
numbers combined  with registration records  for Ocean County should provide an accurate
estimate for vessel use in the Bayside Channel area.  This area receives a significant level of
transient traffic,  typically consisting of larger  vessels equipped with MSDs (usually Type III).
The estimated number of transient vessels indicated in the table below represents the peak
number recorded or observed during Labor Day weekend last year. There are no commercial
vessels that currently use the Bayside Channel area.

                                      Table 5

                   Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge Area
Vessel Length
Over 40 feet
26 to 40 feet
1 6 to 26 feet
Less than 1 6 feet
TOTAL
Estimated Number
of Registered
Vessels
151
862
3,511
9,053
13,577
Estimated Number
of Transient Vessels
174
715
696
837
2,422
Total Estimated
Number of Vessels
325
1,577
4,207
9,890
15,999
Sources:    Ocean County recreational vessel registration records; and mooring registration records from
           Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.

According to the technical guidelines provided for the Clean Vessel Act (Federal Register. Vol.
59, No. 47, March 10, 1994, pp. 11290-11306), the Bayside Channel  area would require
approximately three to four pumpout facilities and three dump stations.  The pumpout facility
estimate of three to four is based on an estimated 845 vessels with holding tanks (or Type III
MSDs) with a  peak occupancy rate (percent of  vessels used on a holiday weekend) of 40
percent and one pumpout facility assumed to service 96 vessels per weekend.  The estimate
of three dump stations assumes  an estimate of 1,094 vessels with a portable toilet at a peak
occupancy rate of 40 percent in the area and one dump station able to service 144 vessels per
weekend.

As described in other sections of the application, there are currently three operational pumpout
facilities and three operational dump stations in the area.  In addition, there are two pumpout
facilities and two dump stations proposed to be operational  in several  months which  will
accommodate for any vessel population growth and conversions from Types I and II MSDs to
Type III MSDs.
                                         10
Sample Application
                             D-12
Appendix D

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4.0       OTHER INFORMATION

This section is included to provide additional information on how the No Discharge Area will
be enforced after EPA approval (including the local ordinances used to regulate the area), the
methods that will be used to educate and inform the boating public of the no discharge status,
and identification of other water pollution sources within the Bayside Channel area.

4.1        Enforcement Plan

Both the Boating  Division and Division  of Shellfish Sanitation of the State  Department of
Natural  Resources will be responsible for enforcement of the No Discharge Area around the
Bayside Channel after approval of the  area by EPA.  The Division of Shellfish Sanitation has
authority to regulate and enforce the discharge of vessel  sewage within and adjacent to
shellfish harvesting areas. Boating Division personnel enforce all  other areas, but concentrate
their effort on heavy boating areas. Two years ago a Memorandum of Understanding (MOD)
between the U.S.  Coast Guard and the State  Department  of Natural Resources was
established. This MOU gives the state authority to enforce compliance with the  current Federal
regulations related to disposal of vessel sewage.

On a local  level, harbormasters in the public port areas assist the state personnel in boater
enforcement and education.  All of the marinas in the proposed area are private waterfront
properties,  however, the owners and operators have been cooperative  in assisting the state in
encouraging boaters to properly dispose of their wastes. All vessels mooring at private marinas
must check in  at the marina office to  pay fees.  At this  time,  the boaters are  asked to
voluntarily sign  a statement that they will not discharge any sewage  (or other wastes) while
in the immediate marina area.  This campaign was developed by Ocean County 2 years ago to
encourage  voluntary boater  compliance  with  the  county's  no  discharge  standard for the
Bayside Channel area.

Enforcement  techniques  used  by the  Division of Shellfish  Sanitation and Boating  Division
include: 1) boarding vessels randomly and placing a dye tablet in the  MSD to inspect proper
operation (no dye observed in the water after flushing); 2) visual inspection of secured MSD
Y-valve; and 3)  periodic water quality monitoring during periods of heavy boating.

4.2       Local Discharge Ordinances

The  Bayside Channel area lies within the City of Bayside. As mentioned in Section 4.1, the
City  of Bayside  passed an ordinance 2  years ago to prohibit the discharge of sanitary wastes
in the area in order to protect natural  resources (e.g., shellfish harvesting  beds, recreational
swimming areas). The ordinance states:

    "§65.03. It shall be unlawful for any person to throw, discharge, deposit,  or leave, or
   cause, suffer, or procure to be thrown, discharged, deposited, or left either  from or out
   of any vessel or holding tank, or from the shore, wharf, manufacturing establishment,
   or mill of any kind, any refuse matter of any description  into the navigable waters of
   Ocean County. Any violation of this ordinance results in a maximum fine of $400.00."
                                          11
Appendix D                            D-13                     Sample Application

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                                                                                                t
4.3       Public Education/Information Plan

At  the  five private  marinas within the  proposed Bayside  Channel No Discharge Area,
information is provided to boaters on the accepted sanitary waste handling practices for the
area.  Marinas are concerned about keeping the waters clean to keep their customers satisfied
and to attract more  customers to the area.  All five marinas voluntarily participate in the
following public education and outreach activities:

    •       Signs.  The three marinas with operational pumpout facilities and dump stations
           have signs at the marina entrances and on the facilities that show boaters where
           the facilities are located. The two marinas with proposed facilities have signs on
           the fuel dock that refer vessels needing pumpout and dump facilities to the nearest
           marina providing these services (in both cases the marina is just across the bay).
           Signs in the restrooms also indicate that portable toilets should not be emptied into
           the restroom system.

    •       Fliers/brochures.  All vessel owners who wish to moor their vessels  at the marina
           are required to register at the marina office. The vessel owner is given information
           on  the marina, including rules and regulations about the prohibition  of sanitary
           waste discharge (both treated and untreated) within the marina area.  In some
           cases, the local ordinance and fine for violation are stated. Boaters are also given
           a map of the marina which clearly indicates the location, fee, and operating hours
           of the pumpout facility and  dump station.

    •       Voluntary compliance agreement.  The marinas also ask boaters to voluntarily sign
           an agreement to obey all rules for disposing of all types of waste properly while in
           the marina area.

4.4       Existing Point Source Pollution

The only existing point source of water pollution within or directly adjacent to  the proposed
No Discharge Area is the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located 8 miles
up Long River from Bayside Channel. The discharges from this plant are continually monitored
and regularly meet or exceed local, state, and Federal water quality standards.
                                          12
Sample Application                     D-14                             Appendix D

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  Appendix E:
List of Contacts

-------
               List of Contacts

               The following  list  of contacts  (including contact name, agency/organization, address, and
               telephone number) consists of the offices and individuals contacted to obtain information on the
               Federal, state, and local programs related to the discharge of sewage from vessels.  The contacts
               are arranged in the following order:

               •  Federal Contacts (by Federal agency)
               •  Regional Contacts
               •  State and Local Contacts
*"                 -      State Boating Law Administration Offices (by state)
                         State Coastal Zone Management Offices (by state)
;                 -      Other State and Local Contacts (by state)
                Appendix E                                E-l                            List of Contacts

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List of Federal Contacts

-------
                                                Federal Contacts
t-'
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds
Marine Pollution Control Branch
Marine Discharge Section
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-8484
Contact: Joel Salter

U.S. Department of Transportation
United States Coast Guard
Marine Safety, Security and Environmental
  Protection
Marine Environmental Protection Division
Prevention and Enforcement Branch
2100 2nd Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20593
(202) 267-6716
Contact: Cdr. Lewis Beach

United States Coast Guard
Marine Safety, Security and Environmental
  Protection
Merchant Vessel Inspection and
  Documentation Division
Survival System Branch
2100 2nd Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20593
(202) 267-1444
Contact: Brian Berringer

United States Coast Guard
Navigation Safety and Waterway Services
Auxiliary Boating and Consumer Affairs
  Division
Boating Education Branch
2100 2nd Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20593
(202) 267-0992
Contact:  Hunt  Anderson
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
 Administration
Administration Office
Procurement, Grants and Administrative
 Services
Grants Management Division
Grants Operations Branch
1325 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 713-0926
Contact: Jean West

National Oceanic and Atmospheric
 Administration
National Ocean Service
Office of Coastal Resource Management
Coastal Programs Division
1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC  20235
(301) 713-3102
Contact: Peyton Robertson

U.S. Department of Defense
Department of the Army
Chief of Staff
Chief of Engineers
Civil Works
Operations, Construction and Readiness
 Regulatory Branch
20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20314
(202) 272-1785
Contact: John Studt

Department of the Navy
Logistics
Environmental Protection and Occupational
 Safety & Health
The Pentagon
Washington, DC 20350-2000
(703) 602-9432
Contact: Lt. Cdr. Chris Kazmarik
              Appendix E
                                      E-3
                     List of Contacts

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                              Federal Contacts (Cont'd)
   U.S. Department of Health and Human
    Services
   Food and Drug Administration
   Office of Seafood
   Shellfish Sanitation Branch
   200 C Street, S.W., HFF-513
   Washington, DC 20204
   (202) 254-3971
   Contact: Ron Varsaci

   U.S. Department of the Interior
   Fish, Wildlife and Parks
   Fish and Wildlife Service
   Federal Aid Division
   Arlington Square
   4401 N. Fairfax Drive
   Arlington, VA 22203
   (703) 358-1845
   Contact: Robert Pacific

   Fish, Wildlife and Parks
   National Park Service
   Planning and Development
   Recreation  Grants Division
   1849 C Street, N.W.
   Washington, DC 20240
   (202) 343-3700
   Contact: Sam Hall

   Other
   National Sea Grant Depository
   University  of Rhode Island
   Pell Library Bldg./Bay Campus
   Narragansett, RI 02882
   (401)792-6114
   Contact: Cynthia Murray
List of Contacts                           E-4                               Appendix E

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Sfe

                                            List of Regional Contacts

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                            Regional Program Contacts
   EPA Region I
   JFK Federal Building - WQE 425
   Boston, MA 02203
   (617)  565-4424
   Contact:  Ann Rodney

   EPA Region II
   Jacob K.  Javits Building
   26 Federal Plaza
   New York, NY 10278
   (212)  264-7674
   Contact:  Anne Reynolds

   EPA Region III
   841 Chestnut Building
   Philadelphia, PA 19107
   (215)  597-3697
   Contact:  Ed Ambrogio

   EPA Region IV
   345 Courtland St. N.E.
   Atlanta, GA 30365
   (404)  347-1740
   Contact:  Rol Ferry or Patrick Ewing
        EPA Region VI
        First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain
          Place
        1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200
        Dallas, TX 75202
        (214) 655-6697 or 655-6696
        Contact:  Mike Wagner or Wanda Boyd

        EPA Region IX
        75 Hawthorn Street
        San Francisco, CA 94105
        (415) 744-1962
        Contact:  Jeff Roseblum

        EPA Region X
        1200 Sixth Avenue
        Seattle, WA 98101
        (206) 553-0966 or 553-2581
        Contact:  Jack Gakstatter or Jerry Larrance
Appendix E
E-5
List of Contacts

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List of State and Local Contacts




    •  State Boating Law Administrations




    •  Coastal Zone Management Offices




    •  Other State/Local Contacts

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                      State Boating Law Administration Contacts
    Alabama
    Department of Conservation & Natural
      Resources
    Marine Police Division
    Folsom Administrative Bldg.
    Montgomery, AL 36130
    (205) 242-3673
    Contact: Bill Gardner

    Alaska
    U.S. Coast Guard
    Federal Building
    P.O. Box 3-5000
    Juneau, AK 99802-1217
    (907) 463-2065
    Contact: Dennis O'Mara


    Game & Fish Department
    2222 W. Greenway Road
    Phoenix, AZ 85023
    (602) 942-3000
    Contact: Randall Fricke

    Arkansas
    Game & Fish Commission
    Boating Safety Section
    2 Natural Resources Drive
    Little Rock, AR 72205
    (501) 223-6377
    Contact: Butch Potts

    California
    Department of Boating & Waterways
    1629 S Street
    Sacramento, CA 95814
    (916) 445-6281
    Contact: Bill Curry

    Colorado
    Division of Parks & Outdoor Recreation
    13787 S. Highway 85
    Littleton, CO 80125
    (303) 791-1957
    Contact:  Dennis  George
         Connecticut
         Dept. of Environmental Protection
         Office of Boating Safety
         P.O. Box 280, 333 Ferry Road
         Old Lyme, CT 06371
         (203) 434-8638
         Contact: Richard Potter

         Delaware
         Division of Fish & Wildlife
         Richardson & Robbins Bldg.
         Dover, DE 19903
         (302) 739-3440
         Contact: Lynn Herman

         District of Columbia
         Metropolitan Police Department
         Harbor Patrol
         550 Water Street, S.W.
         Washington,  D.C.  20024
         (202) 727-4582
         Contact: Ronnie Thompson

         Florida
         Department of Natural Resources
         Florida Marine Police
         3900 Commonwealth Blvd.
         Tallahassee, FL 32399-3000
         (904) 488-5600
         Contact: Lt. Radford

         Georgia
         Department of Natural Resources
         Game & Fish Division
         Law Enforcement Section
         Boating Safety Office
         2109-A U.S.  Hwy. 278, SE
         Social Circle, GA 30279
         (404) 932-4641
         Contact: Cpl. Edwards
Appendix E
E-7
List of Contacts

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                 State Boating Law Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
    Hawaii
    Department of Transportation
    Harbors Division
    79 S. Nimitz Highway
    Honolulu, HI 96813
    (808) 587-1963
    Contact: Pat Torres

    Idaho
    Department of Parks & Recreation
    Statehouse Hall
    Boise, ID  83720
    (208) 327-7444
    Contact: Mark Brandt

    Illinois
    Department of Conservation
    Division of Law Enforcement
    524 S. Second Street
    Springfield, IL 62701-1787
    (217) 782-2138
    Contact: Richard Lutz

    Indiana
    Department of Natural Resources
    Law Enforcement Division
    402 W. Washington Street
    Indianapolis, IN 46204
    (317) 232-4010
    Contact: Lt. Charles Shannon

    Iowa
    Department of Natural Resources
    State Conservation Commission
    Wallace State Office Bldg.
    Des Moines, IA 50319-0034
    (515) 281-5145
    Contact: Wilma Carpenter and Wayne
     Farrand
         Kansas
         Department of Wildlife & Parks
         Route 2, Box 54A
         Pratt, KS 67124
         (316) 672-5911
         Contact: Jeff Gayer

         Kentucky
         Department of Natural Resources
         Water Patrol
         107 Metro  Street
         Frankfort, KY 40601
         (502) 564-3074
         Contact: Donovan Smith

         Louisiana
         Department of Wildlife & Fisheries
         2000 Quail Drive
         Baton Rouge, LA 70898-9000
         (504) 765-2988

         Maine
         Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife
         284 State Street
         Augusta, ME 04333
         (207) 289-2766
         Contact: Bill Vernon

         Maryland
         Department of Natural Resources
         Boating Administration
         Tawes State Office Building
         Annapolis,  MD 21401
         (410) 974-2918
         Contact: Don O'Neill

         Massachusetts
         Division of Law Enforcement
         100 Nashua Street
         Boston, MA 02114
         (617) 727-3900
List of Contacts
E-8
Appendix E

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                 State Boating Law Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
   Michigan
   Department of Natural Resources
   Law Enforcement Division
   Steven T. Mason Bldg.
   Lansing, MI 48909
   (517) 335-3414
   Contact: Sgt. Lyle Belknap

   Minnesota
   Department of Natural Resources
   Boat & Water Safety Section
   500 Lafayette Road
   St. Paul, MN 55155
   (619) 296-3336

   Mississippi
   Department of Wildlife Conservation
   P.O. Box 451
   Jackson, MS 39205
   (601) 364-2187

   Missouri
   Department of Public Safety
   State Water Patrol
   2728 Plaza Drive
   Jefferson City, MO 65109
   (314) 751-3333
   Contact: Larry Whitten

   Montana
   Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks
   Boating Safety Division
   1420 E. 6th Street
   Helena, MT 59620
   (406) 444-2615
   Contact: Dale Graff

   Nebraska
   Game & Parks Commission
   2200 N. 33rd Street
   Lincoln, NE 68503
   (402)471-0641
   Contact: Leroy Orvis
        Nevada
        Department of Wildlife
        Division of Law Enforcement
        P.O. Box 10678
        Reno, NV 89520-0022
        (702) 688-1500
        Contact: Fred Messmen

        New Hampshire
        Department of Safety Marine Patrol
        RFD 8, Box 31
        Guilford, NH 03246
        (603) 293-2037

        New Jersey
        State Police
        Marine  Law Enforcement Bureau
        Box 7068
        West Trenton, NJ 08628-0068
        (609) 882-2000

        New Mexico
        Natural Resources Department
        Boating Safety Section
        P.O. Box 1147
        Santa Fe.NM 87504-1147
        (505)827-1147
        Contact: David Skasik

        New York
        Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic
          Preservation
        Marine  & Recreational Vehicles
        Agency Bldg. 1
        Empire State Plaza
        Albany, NY 12238
        (518) 474-0445

        North Carolina
        Wildlife Resources Commission
        Archdale Bldg.
        Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
        (919) 733-7191
Appendix E
E-9
List of Contacts

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                 State Boating Law Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
    North Dakota
    Game & Fish Department
    100 N. Bismarck Expressway
    Bismarck, ND 58501-5095
    (701) 221-6300
    Contact:  Wilma Pich

    Ohio
    Department of Natural Resources
    Division of Watercraft
    Fountain Square C-2
    Columbus, OH 43224-1387
    (614) 265-6420
    Contact:  John Wargo

    Oklahoma
    Department of Public Safety
    3600  N.  Martin Luther King
    Oklahoma City, OK 73111
    (405) 425-2143
    Contact:  Bob Sanders

    Oregon
    State  Marine Board
    Boating Facilities Program
    435 Commercial St. N.E.
    Salem, OR 97310
    (503) 373-1405
    Contact:  Valerie Hoy

    Pennsylvania
    Fish and Boat Commission
    P.O.  Box 67000
    Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000
    (717) 657-4538
    Contact:  John Simmons

    Rhode Island
    Department of Environmental Management
    Boat Registration Office
    22 Hayes Street
    Providence, RI 02908
    (401) 277-6647
    Contact:  David Chopy
         South Carolina
         Wildlife & Marine Resources Department
         Division of Boating
         P.O. Box 12559
         Charleston, SC 29412-2559
         (803) 795-6350
         Contact: Rob Dunlap

         South Dakota
         Department of Game Fish & Parks
         523 E. Capitol Street
         Pierre, SD 57501-3182
         (605) 773-3630
         Contact: Bill Shattuck

         Tennessee
         Wildlife Resources Agency
         P.O. Box 40747
         Ellington Agricultural Center
         Nashville, TN 37204
         (615) 781-6500
         Contact: Ed Carter

         Texas
         Parks & Wildlife Department
         4200 Smith School Road
         Austin, TX 78744
         (512) 389-4850
         Contact: Dexter Harris

         U.S. Virgin Islands
         Department of Planning & Natural
          Resources
         Nisky Center Suite 231
         45A Estate Nisky
         Charlotte Amalie
         St. Thomas, VI 00802
         (809) 774-3320
         Contact: Joseph Sutton
List of Contacts
E-10
Appendix E

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                 State Boating Law Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
    Utah
    Division of Parks & Recreation
    1636 W. North Temple Street
    Salt Lake City, UT84116
    (801) 538-3000
    Contact: Ted Woolley

    Vermont
    Vermont State Police Headquarters
    103 S. Main Street
    Waterbury, Vermont 05671
    (802) 244-8778
    Contact: Sgt. Allen Buck

    Virginia
    Commission of Game & Inland Fisheries
    4010 W. Broad Street
    Richmond, VA 23230
    (804) 367-1000
    Contact: Al Golding

    Washington
    State Parks & Recreation Commission
    7150 Cleanwater Lane
    Olympia, WA  98505
    (206) 586-8592
    Contact: Doug Strong

    West Virginia
    Department of Natural Resources
    Law Enforcement Division
    Capitol Complex, Bldg. 3
    Charleston, WV 25305
    (304) 558-2783
    Contact: Richard M.  Hall

    Wisconsin
    Department of Natural Resources
    Bureau of Law Enforcement
    101 S. Webster Street
    P.O. Box 7921
    Madison, WI  53707
    (608) 266-0859
    Contact: Bill Engfer
         Wyoming
         Department of Game & Fish
         5400 Bishop Blvd.
         Cheyenne, WY 82006
         (307) 777-8683
Appendix E
E-ll
List of Contacts

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                   State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts
    Alabama
    Alabama Department of Economic &
     Community Affairs
    P.O. Box 5690
    401 Adams Avenue
    Montgomery, AL 36203-5690
    (205) 242-5502
    Contact:  Clyde Chapman

    Alaska
    Office of Management & Budget
    Division of Governmental Coordination
    Box AW-0165
    Juneau, AK 99811-0165
    (907) 465-3562
    Contact:  Gretchen Keiser

    American Samoa
    Government of American Samoa
    Development Planning Office
    Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
    (684) 633-5155
    Contact:  Pete Galea'i

    California
    45 Fremont Street
    Suite 2000
    San Francisco, CA 94105-2219
    (415) 904-5200
    Contact:  Gabriela Goldfarb

    Connecticut
    Department of Environmental Protection
    Long Island Sound Programs
    79 Elm Street
    Hartford, CT 06102-5066
    (203)  566-7404
    Contacts: Art J. Rocque, Jr. and Laurie
     Rardin
         Delaware
         Department  of Natural  Resources  and
         Environmental Control
         89 Kings Highway
         Dover, DE 19903
         (302) 739-3451
         Contact: Sarah Cooksey

         Florida
         Department of Community Affairs
         Rhyne Building
         2740 Centerview Drive
         Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100
         (904) 922-5438
         Contact: Rosalyn Kilcollins

         Georgia
         Georgia Department of Natural Resources
         Coastal Resources Division
         1200 Glynn Avenue
         One Conservation Way
         Brunswick, GA 31523-8600
         (912) 264-7218
         Contact: Ron Michaels

         Guam
         Government of Guam
         Bureau of Planning
         P.O. Box 2950
         Agana, Guam 96910
         (671) 472-4201
         Contact: Mike Ham

         Hawaii
         Office of State Planning
         Coastal Zone Management Division
         P.O. Box 3540
         Honolulu, HI 96811-3540
         (808) 587-2875
         Contact: Douglas Tom
List of Contacts
E-12
Appendix E

-------
               State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts (Cont'd)
   Indiana
   Department of Natural Resources
   Division of Water
   100 W. Water Street
   Michigan City, IN 46360
   (219) 874-8316
   Contact: Stephen Davis

   Louisiana
   Department of Natural Resources
   Coastal Management Division
   P.O. Box 44487
   625 North Fourth Street
   Baton Rouge, LA 70802
   (504) 342-7591
   Contact: Dr. Terry Howey

   Maine
   Executive Department
   State Planning Office
   State House Station #38
   Augusta, ME 04333
   (207) 287-3261
   Contact: William Ferdinand, Jr.

   Maryland
   Department of Natural Resources
   Coastal & Watershed Resources  Division
   Tawes State Office Building
   500 Taylor Avenue
   Annapolis, MD 21401
   (410) 974-2784
   Contact: Bruce Gilmore

   Massachusetts
   Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
   Coastal Management Program
   100 Cambridge Street
   Boston, MA 02202
   (617) 727-9530
   Contacts: Jeff Benoit and Rick Zeroka
         Michigan
         Department of Natural Resources
         Land & Water Management Division
         Great Lakes Shorelands Section
         530 W. Allegan Street, 6th Floor
         Steven T. Mason Building
         Lansing, MI 48933
         (517) 373-1950
         Contact: Chris Shafer

         Minnesota
         Department of Natural Resources
         Division of Waters
         1201 E. Highway 2
         Grand Rapids, MN 55744
         (218) 327-4416
         Contact: Daniel Retka

         Mississippi
         Mississippi Department of Wildlife,
           Fisheries, and Parks
         Coastal Management Division
         Bureau of Marine Resources
         2620 West Beach Boulevard
         Biloxi, MS 39531
         (601) 385-5860
         Contact: Sandra Fioranelli and Gary Quavis

         New Hampshire
         Office of State Planning
         Coastal Program
         21A Beacon Street
         Concord, NH 03301
         (603) 271-2155
         Contact: Chris Nash

         New Jersey
         Department of Environmental Protection &
           Energy
         Office of Land &  Water Planning
         CN423
         Trenton, NJ 08625-0423
         (609) 292-1875
         Contact: Steve Whitney
Appendix E
E-13
List of Contacts

-------
               State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts (Cont'd)
    New York
    Department of State
    Division of Coastal Resources & Waterfront
     Revitalization
    162 Washington Street
    Albany, NY 12231
    (518) 474-3643
    Contact: George Stafford

    North Carolina
    Division of Coastal Management
    P.O. Box  27687
    225 N. McDowell Street,  Room 6048
    Cooper Building, 6th Floor
    Raleigh, NC 27611
    (919) 733-2293
    Contact: Roger Schecter

    Northern Marianas
    Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
     Islands
    Office of the Governor
    Coastal Resources .Management
    2nd Floor Morgen Building
    San Jose Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950
    (670) 234-6623
    Contact: Joaquin Villagomez
   Office of Real Estate & Land Management
   Building C-4, Fountain Square
   1952 Belcher Drive
   Columbus, OH 43224-1387
   (614) 265-6413
   Contact: Mike Colvin

   Oregon
   Department of Land Conservation &
     Development
   Coastal & Ocean Program Management
   800 N.E. Oregon Street, #18
   Portland, OR 97232
   (614) 265-6413
   Contact: Eldon Hout
         Pennsylvania
         Department of Environmental Resources
         Bureau of Land & Water Conservation
         Division of Coastal Programs
         P.O. Box 8555
         400 Market Street,  llth Floor
         Harrisburg, PA 17105-8555
         (717) 787-2529
         Contact: E. James Tabor

         Puerto Rico
         Department of Natural Resources
         Coastal Management Office
         P.O. Box 5887
         Puerta de Tierra, PR 00906
         (809) 724-5516
         Contact: Jose  Gonzlez Liboy

         Rhode Island
         Coastal Resources Management Council
         Policy Division
         Stedman Office Building
         Tower Hill Road
         Wakefield, RI 02879
         (401) 277-2476
         Contact: Jeff Willis

         South Carolina
         South Carolina Coastal Council
         Ashley Corporate Center
         4130 Faber Place, Suite 300
         Charleston, SC 29405
         (803) 744-5838
         Contact: Richard Chinnis

         Texas
         Texas General Land Office
         Coastal Division
         Stephen F. Austin Building
         1700 No. Congress Street
         Austin, TX 78701
         (512) 463-5193
         Contact: Diana Ramirez
List of Contacts
E-14
Appendix E

-------
                            State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts (Cont'd)
*•*.-
                U.S. Virgin Islands
                Department of Planning & Natural
                  Resources
                Division of Environmental Protection
                Nisky Shopping Center, Suite 45
                Charlotte Amalie
                St. Thomas, Virgin Islands 00802
                (809) 774-3320
                Contact: Joan Harrigan-Farrelly and
                  Leonard Reed

                Virginia
                Department of Environmental Quality
                Public and Intergovernmental Affairs Coastal
                  Program
                202 North Ninth Street
                Suite 900
                Richmond, VA 23219
                (804) 786-4500
                Contact: Ann Brooks

                Washington
                Department of Ecology
                Shorelands & Coastal Zone Management
                  Program
                State of Washington
                P.O. Box 47600
                Olympia, WA 98504-7600
                (206) 459-6777
                Contact: D. Rodney Mack
         Wisconsin
         Department of Administration
         Division of Energy & Intergovernmental
           Relations
         Wisconsin Coastal Management Program
         P.O. Box 7868
         101 East Wilson Street, 6th Floor
         Madison, WI 53707-7868
         (608) 266-8269
         Contact: Oscar Herrera and Gary Schultz
             Appendix E
E-15
List of Contacts

-------
                           Other State and Local Contacts
   Alaska
   Department of Environmental Conservation
   Water Quality Division
   Juneau, AK
   (907) 465-5276
   Contact: Dave Sturdevant

   California
   City of Avalon
   Santa Catalina Island
   P.O. Box 1085
   Avalon, CA 90704
   (310) 510-0535
   Contact:  JohnRomo

   Delaware
   Department of Natural Resources and
    Environmental Control
   Wetlands and Aquatic Protection Branch
   Division of Water Resources
   89 Kings Highway
   P.O. Box 1401
   Dover, DE 19903
   (302) 739-4691>.
   Contact: Laura Herr

   Hawaii
   Department of Land and Natural Resources
   Boating and Ocean Recreation Division
   Honolulu, HI
   (808) 587-1975
   Contact: Dave Parsons

   Illinois
   Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
   Water Quality Division
   Permit Section
   Springfield, IL
   (217)782-0610
   Contact: Tom McSwiggin
         Indiana
         Department of Environmental Management
         Water Quality Surveillance and Standards
          Branch
         105 S. Meridian Street
         Indianapolis, IN 46225
         (317) 243-5028
         Contact: John Winters

         Louisiana
         Department of Environmental Quality
         Office of Water Resources
         Water Quality Management Division
         Baton Rouge, LA
         (504)295-8911
         Contact: Al Hindrichs

         Department of Environmental Quality
         Office of Water Resources
         Water Quality Management Division
         Capital Region Office
         Baton Rouge, LA
         (504) 295-8480
         Contact: Chris Piehler

         Massachusetts
         Nantucket Town Pier
         34 Washington Street
         Nantucket, MA 02554
         (508) 228-7260
         Contact: Dave Fronzuto

         Michigan
         All Seasons Marine, Inc.
         South Haven, MI
         (616) 637-3655
         Contact: Bob Giesler
List of Contacts
E-16
Appendix E

-------
                       Other State and Local Contacts (Cont'd)
   Minnesota
   Pollution Control Agency
   Water Quality Division
   Industrial Section
   520 Lafayette Road
   St. Paul, MN 55155
   (612) 297-1832
   Contact: Doug Hall

   Minnesota
   Pollution Control Agency
   St. Paul, MN
   (612) 296-0905
   Contact: Kim Elverum

   Mississippi
   Department of Environmental Quality
   Office of Pollution Control
   (601) 961-5151
   Contact: Jim Morris

   New Hampshire
   Department of Environmental Services
   Water  Quality  Permits  and  Compliance
   Bureau
   Concord, NH
   (603) 271-2547
   Contact: Patricia Chesebrough

   New York
   Sea Grant Extension Program  of the  New
      York Sea Grant Institute
   SUNY at Stony Brook
   125 Nassau Hall
   Stony Brook, NY  11794
   (516) 632-8730
   Contact: Jay Tanski
         North Carolina
         Department of  Environment,  Health and
            Natural Resources
         Division of Environmental Management
         Water Quality Planning
         512 N.  Salisbury Street
         P.O. Box 29535
         Raleigh, NC 27604
         (919) 733-5083
         Contact: Gregory Thorpe

         Ohio
         Department of Health
         Columbus, OH
         (614) 466-1390
         Contact: Steven Binns

         Rhode Island
         Block Island Harbors Department
         New Harbor
         Block Island, RI 02807
         (401) 466-3204
         Contact:  Larry Constantino

         Department of Environmental Management
         Water Resources Quality Division
         Providence, RI
         (401) 277-3961
         Contact: David Chopy

         South Carolina
         Department of Health and  Environmental
          Control
         Bureau of Water Pollution Control
         Water Quality Certification and Wetlands
          Programs Section
         Charleston, SC
         (803) 734-5229
         Contact: Sally Knowles
Appendix E
E-17
List of Contacts

-------
                     Other State and Local Contacts (Cont'd)
  Virginia
  Department of Health
  Office of Water Programs
  Division of Wastewater Engineering
  1500 E. Main Street
  Room 109-31
  Richmond, VA 23219
  (804) 786-1761
  Contact: Al Golding

  Washington
  Department of Ecology
  Water Resources Division
  3190 160th Avenue
  Bellevue,  WA 98008
  (206) 649-7278

  Puget Sound Water Quality Authority
  P.O. Box 40900
  Olympia,  WA 98504-0900
  (206) 493-9300
  Contact: JoAnn Polk

  Wisconsin
   Department of Natural Resources
  Madison,  WI
   (608) 266-5893
   Contact: Tom Newbauer
List of Contacts
E-18
Appendix E

-------
                           Appendix F:




Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of Vessel Sewage

-------
                                            Table of Contents
r-
*'           Introduction	F-l


f
L           Reference List A:  Marinas	F-7
             Reference List B:  Vessels	F-27



             Reference List C:  Other	F-39







             APPENDICES:



             List of Document Titles  	F-47



             Glossary	F-51
>            EXHIBIT:



-            Key Word Guide to Annotated Reference List	F-5
             Annotated Reference List                 i                        Table of Contents

-------
                  Annotated List of References Related to
                        the Discharge of Vessel Sewage
INTRODUCTION

The  following reference  list consists of 39 pieces of literature related to the problem of
sewage  discharge from vessels.  Each reference includes bibliographic  information, key
words related to the document, and an abstract to summarize the key ideas expressed in the
document.  The types of documents included,  the reason for inclusion, the organization of
the reference list, and the elements of the reference entry are described below.

Reference Inclusion Criteria

This annotated reference list is limited to the problem of sewage discharge from vessels. The
reference list covers the technical, organizational, economic, and behavioral  aspects of the
issue. It was not designed to, nor does it, focus on the scientific aspects of the water quality
issues of vessel sewage.  Documents which address scientific procedures  for water quality
assessment or other topics were included only if they also include substantial material related
to the problem of sewage discharge  from vessels and if they satisfy the other criteria.  The
key words identified for each document focus on the issue of sewage discharge from vessels
as discussed in the document.  They may not represent a comprehensive subject list for the
document.  Although there are other types of pollution originating from vessels and marinas
(i.e., fuel, solid waste),  these pollutants  are only covered in this  list if the document also
discussed the vessel sewage discharge problem.

The reference list includes documents published within the last 10 years, with two exceptions.
The  exceptions were  included because the content of these documents was  unique to the
literature. Approximately three-quarters of the references included in the list were published
since 1989.

Although a thorough search was conducted to identify the references reviewed, the list should
not be taken as an exhaustive list of references on this topic.

Organization of Reference List

The  reference list is  organized into three sections:   (1) Reference  List A: Marinas; (2)
Reference List B: Vessels; and (3) Reference List C: Other.  Within each list, the references
are organized alphabetically by author.

Reference List A  contains  documents  that are focused primarily on the  control of vessel
sewage discharge from the  marina's perspective.  For example, some of the  topics covered
in these documents include sanitary waste facilities (pumpout and dump stations),  issues
related  to the treatment of sewage after collection from vessels, shellfish harvesting closure
areas around a marina, and issues related to sewage collection from live-aboards.
 Annotated Reference List
F-l
Introduction

-------
Reference List B includes documents that present information on the prevention of sewage
discharge from vessels.  Literature included in this list covers topics such as the description
of marine sanitation devices (MSDs) and the related discharge laws, costs of retrofitting a
vessel with a MSD, issues surrounding discharge enforcement, ideas to promote voluntary
discharge compliance by boaters, and environmental impacts from MSD chemicals.

Reference List  C  includes documents that contain information either on vessel sewage
discharge or on general  water quality issues related to vessel-generated sewage.

Reference Format

A summary of each document is  presented using a standard reference format. There are
three sections to each reference -- overview, bibliographic information, and abstract.  At the
top of each reference entry is'a "Reference No." to allow for cross-referencing.

The overview of the document, that is, the top section of the reference, provides key words
related to the document, principal geographic area on which the document focuses, and
document type.

   •      Key Words.   This section of the reference entry lists the applicable key words
          located  in the document related to the  discharge of sewage from vessels.  The
          words listed in parentheses are subcategories of the key word. One or more of
          these subcategories are included in parentheses in the reference key word list.  A
          glossary is provided-in the last section of this document.  The master key word
          list, in alphabetical order, is:

                 Discharge compliance
                 Dump station (costs, equipment, and options)
                 Education
                 Enforcement (issues and procedures)
                 Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals, pumpouts, and sewage)
                 Fecal coliform level
                 Federal laws
                 Live-aboards
                 Local government role
                 MSDs (costs, definitions, issues, and laws)
                  No Discharge Areas
                  Nonpoint source pollution
                  Occupancy rates
                  Portable toilets
                  Pumpout facility  (compliance, costs, equipment, grant programs, issues,
                  operation/maintenance, options, and permit process)
                  Sewage loading rates
                  Sewage treatment (issues and options)
                  Shellfish harvesting buffer zones
                  State laws
                  Survey
 Introduction                             F-2                 Annotated Reference List

-------
                «      Geographic Area (Geog. Area). This reference category provides the geographic
                       area (U.S., specific state, specific waterbody, etc.) for which the document was
•                       written.  Many of the documents included in the list were written for a specific
|                      area (e.g.,  Puget Sound,  Washington), but the information  provided in the
j                      document has a universal application.

I               •      Document Type (Doc.  Type).  The references  were categorized  into eight
I-,                     document types in an attempt to provide more information on each document and
f                      to assist in locating it. The  majority of the documents referenced are Federal and
|                      state government documents. The list also includes conference papers, fact sheets,
!                      journal articles,  guidance documents,  academic reports, and magazine  articles.
f                      In one case, only one chapter in a government report is referenced because of the
1'                     length of the report and the irrelevancy of the other sections.

f.           The middle section of the reference entry provides bibliographic information. The document
i            author(s), sponsor, publisher,  publication date, title, location  in a document, identification
*            number, number of pages or page numbers, and any other pertinent information are provided
1,;           in this section. An "N/A"  appears for any category not applicable to a particular entry.

J^              •      Author(s).  This element  provides the author name(s),  if individuals, or the
^                     company name or government agency responsible  for preparing the document.
^                     If the author is an individual, the person's affiliation is provided in parentheses
I7                     after his/her name.  If the affiliation is not provided, then it is  assumed that the
I                      individual is affiliated with  the sponsor on the line below.

I.              •      Sponsor.  This category provides the name(s) of the organization or government
                       agency that provided funding for preparation of the document. Often, this should
*                      be the initial contact when trying to locate a copy of the document.
-fr
|J              •      Publisher.  This information is provided for conference papers, journal articles,
j                      and magazine articles.  The publisher is  a good alternate contact if the document
|?                     cannot be located through a local library.
4*
?:              *      Publication Date (Pub. Date).  The publication date provides  some insight into
f'                     how current the information is and further assists in the location of the document.
                       Title.  The title is an essential piece of information for locating a document. The
                       title also provides additional information about the document (for instance, if only
                       one part of the document is discussed in the abstract, the title will indicate what
                       the entire  document is about).

                       In. This category provides the main source (i.e., conference proceedings, journal)
                       of the document for conference papers, journal articles, and magazine articles.

                       Identification Number (ID  Number).   The document identification number
                       should be used when trying to  locate a  copy of a document.  There are several
                       types of identification numbers used, when appropriate, in this reference list. The
              Annotated Reference List                 F-3                             Introduction

-------
I
                                  first  type  is a document tracking  number  issued  by the National  Sea Grant
                                  Depository.  Leaner copies for references with a "NSGD #" (e.g., RIU-E-92-002)
                                  can be obtained from:

                                        National Sea Grant Depository, Pell Library Building
                                        University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus
                                        Narragansett, RI 02282
                                        (401)792-6114

                                  The second document identification number is a Federal government number.  For
                                  example, EPA-904/6-85-132 is a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.
                                  EPA) document.  In several cases, the National Technical Information Service
                                  (NTIS) number is provided in parentheses after the government number.  For
                                  documents with a "NTIS #" provided, the document can be ordered from:

                                        National Technical Information Service
                                        5285 Port Royal Road
                                        Springfield, VA  22161
                                        (703) 487-4650

                                  The third type of document identification provided is the contract number under
                                  which the document was prepared.  This number may assist in the location  of a
                                  specific document from the  author, sponsor, or publisher.  The last identifier is
                                  the volume number for journal articles, which also expedites the  search process.

                           «      Pages. The number of pages in a document and an indication of whether or not
                                  the document has appendices is provided for the reference list user.  For several
                                  of the conference papers and all of the journal  and magazine articles, the pages
                                  on which the paper or article can be found  in  the proceedings,  journal, or
                                  magazine are provided in place of number of pages.

                           •      Other. Any additional  information about a document that gives further insight to
                                  its content or location is provided in this category.

                        The last section of the reference entry provides an abstract of the document referenced. This
                        content summary provides additional information on the document and allows the reference
                        list user to decide whether the document is valuable enough to locate.

                        Guidelines on Reference List Use

                        There are three primary methods by which an individual can make use of this reference list.
                        The first method is simply paging through the entire list  to grasp an understanding of the
                        literature  currently  available  on the topic of sewage discharge from vessels.   A second
                        approach is to turn to the following table of key words relevant to this topic and look up the
                        references (by "Reference No.") that are of interest by key word.  The third method  is to
                        scan the alphabetical list of document tides (located at the end of the annotated reference list)
                        which are cross-referenced  to the  corresponding reference by the  "Reference No.".
                        Introduction                             F-4                 Annotated Reference List

-------
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    Key Word Guide To Annotated Reference List
Key Word
Discharge compliance
Dump
Station
Costs
Equipment
Options
Education
Enforcement
Environmental
Impacts
^Issues 	
Procedures
MSD chemicals
PujTipjouts 	
Sewaee
Fecal col i form level
Federal laws
Live-aboards
Local government role
MSDs
Costs
Definitions 	
Issues
Laws
No Discharge Areas
Nonpoint source pollution
Occupancy^rates
Portable toilets
Pumpout
Facility
Compliance
Costs
Equipment
Grant programs
Issues
Operation/maint.
Options
Permit process
Sewage loading rates
Sewage
Treatment
Issues
Ootions
Shellfish harvesting buffer zones
State laws
Survey
Reference List A: Marinas
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Key Word Guide to Annotated Reference List (Cont'd)
Key Word
Discharge compliance
Dump
Station
Costs
Equipment
Options
Education
Enforcement
Environmental
Impacts
Issues
Procedures
MSD chemicals
Pumpouts
Sewaee
Fecal coliform level
Federal laws
Live-aboards
Local government role
MSDs
Costs
Definitions
Issues
Laws
No Discharge Areas
Nonpoint source pollution
Occupancy rates
Portable toilets
Pumpout
Facility
Compliance 	
Costs
JEgujgrnent 	
jGjrant pxograms_
Issues
Operation/hiaiht.
JDpjjons 	
Permit process
Sewage loading rates
Sewage
Treatment
Issues
Options
Shellfish harvesting buffer zones
State laws
Survey
Reference List B: Vessels
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Reference List A: Marinas

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                                 Reference No. A-l
Key Words:     Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues and procedures); Federal laws;
                MSDs (definitions and laws); No Discharge Areas

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Government Report
Author(s):      Amaral, M. and V. Lee (University of Rhode Island)

Sponsor:        Rhode  Island  Sea Grant;  and University  of Rhode Island,  Coastal
                Resources Center

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      July 1992

Title:           Federal Regulations:  Coastal Structures, Environmental Protection, and
                Boating Safety, Module II:  Harbormaster Reference Series

In:             N/A

ED Number:     NSGD #: RIU-E-92-002

Pages:          28 pp. (plus appendices)

Other:          N/A
Abstract:        Federal  regulations  which  are most  pertinent  for  harbormasters  are
                 presented in this report.  The first section presents the Federal guidelines
                 for the placement of objects or structures in navigable  waters as regulated
                 by the Army Corps of Engineers.  The second section presents elements
                 of the Federal Code of Regulations, which are administered by the Coast
                 Guard, pertaining to boating safety and water quality impacted by boating.
                 The second section specifically provides Federal regulations and other
                 information  related  to  MSDs and  the  definition,  designation,  and
                 enforcement of No Discharge Areas.  [Adapted from  document]
Annotated Reference List
F-7
Marinas

-------
I
                                                          Reference No. A-2
                                                         sic****************

                         Key Words:      Discharge compliance;  Education;  Enforcement  (procedures);  Live-
                                          aboards; Pumpout facility (operation/maintenance)

                         Geog. Area:      U.S.
                         Doc. Type:       Conference Paper


                         Author(s):       Bleier, A. (KECO/Pump-A-Head, San Diego, CA)

                         Sponsor:         N/A
                         Publisher:       International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)

                         Pub. Date:       1991
                         Title:            Waste Management/Marine Sanitation

                         In:              1991 National Applied Marina Research Conference

                         ID Number:      N/A

                         Pages:           4 pp.
                         Other:           N/A
                         Abstract:        This paper describes several waste  management methods that marina
                                          operators can use to help boaters properly dispose of their waste.  Three
                                          boater waste types are described:  (1) solid waste (including hazardous
                                          waste); (2) recyclable waste; and (3)  sanitary waste. A brief description
                                          of each waste type is provided in addition to suggestions for marinas to
                                          encourage boater participation,  including boater education (i.e., proper
                                          signage,  convenience, newsletters).    The  section on sanitary waste
                                          provides information on: maintaining clean, operable  pumpout stations;
                                          tying sanitary  waste disposal compliance  into  the marina's slip rental
                                          agreement; placing dye tablets into boater's holding tanks; requiring live-
                                          aboards to follow certain sanitary waste disposal procedures; and including
                                          the pumpout service cost in the slip rental rates.
                         Marinas
F-8
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                Reference No. A-3
                               *****************

Key Words:     Education; Enforcement (issues and procedures); Environmental impacts
                (MSD chemicals  and sewage);  Federal  laws;  Local  government role;
                MSDs (costs, definitions, issues, and laws); No Discharge Areas; Portable
                toilets; Pumpout facility (grant programs, issues, and options); Sewage
                treatment (issues  and options);  Shellfish harvesting buffer zones; State
                laws; Survey

Geog. Area:     Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts

Doc. Type:      Government Report


Author(s):      The Coalition for Buzzards Bay  and the Buzzards Bay  Project

Sponsor:        The  Buzzards  Bay  Project  (Massachusetts  Executive  Office   of
                Environmental Affairs; and U.S. EPA)

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      November 1990

Title:           An Assessment of Marine  Pump-Out Facilities in Buzzards Bay

In:             N/A

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:          99 pp.

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This report presents the findings of a survey conducted for the Coalition
                for Buzzards Bay  and the  Buzzards Bay Project, in the ten towns on
                Buzzards Bay, of existing marine pumpout facilities and the need for such
                facilities in the future.  For each town, the report provides:  a profile of
                the town,  description of  the coastal  embayments,  summary of any
                proposed  vessel sanitary waste  handling or treatment facilities, and
                recommendations on how to most efficiently implement or strengthen the
                town's  pumpout  program.   The  report  presents  some   bay-wide
                recommendations for sanitary waste handling and treatment.   The report
                also provides information on treatment of vessel sewage in Buzzards Bay,
                sewage discharge enforcement issues, alternatives to traditional marine
                pumpouts,  funding vehicles for marine pumpout facilities, holding tank
                retrofitting costs, and information needs for the future. [Adapted  from
                document]
Annotated Reference List
F-9
Marinas

-------
I
                                                       Reference No. A-4
                       Key Words:     Dump station (equipment);  Environmental  impacts  (MSD chemicals,
                                        pumpouts, and sewage); Federal laws; MSDs (issues); Pumpout facility
                                        (costs, equipment, grant programs, operation/maintenance, options, and
                                        permit process);  Sewage treatment (issues and options); State laws

                       Geog. Area:     Maryland

                       Doc. Type:      Guidance Document
                       Author(s):       Coastal Technology, Inc.

                       Sponsor:         Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Boat Administration

                       Publisher:       N/A

                       Pub. Date:       February 1990
                       Title:            A Guidebook for Marina Owners and Operators on the Installation and
                                        Operation of Sewage Pumpout Stations

                       In:              N/A

                       ID Number:     N/A

                       Pages:           19 pp. (plus appendices)

                       Other:           N/A
                       Abstract:        This  guidance  document provides an overview of the installation and
                                        operation of sewage pumpout and dump stations. Various pumpout station
                                        options and their related costs are provided along with a discussion of
                                        several sewage collection and disposal methods.  The document briefly
                                        describes the pumping equipment, piping, fitting, hoses, and holding tanks
                                        needed to develop an effective pumpout station.  Suggested parameters are
                                        also provided for portable toilet dump stations. The process for obtaining
                                        pumpout station  construction  permits  at  Federal,  state,  and  local
                                        government levels (in Maryland) is also provided.  A brief discussion of
                                        pumpout station legal  requirements  and  operation  and maintenance
                                        procedures  is included.   The appendices provide pumpout equipment
                                        brochures (with diagrams), a list of Maryland waste water treatment plants,
                                        a list  of  local  Maryland  permitting agencies,  a  sample  Maryland
                                        Department  of Natural  Resources (DNR)  pumpout facility permit
                                        application,  and  a sample  Maryland  DNR pumpout  facility  grant
                                        application.
                        Marinas
F-10
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                             Reference No. A-5
            Key Words:      Dump station (options); Education; Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal
                             coliform level; Federal laws; Live-aboards; MSDs (definitions and laws);
                             No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (options); Shellfish
                             harvesting buffer zones; State laws

            Geog. Area:      Delaware

            Doc.  Type:      Guidance Document
 fc
-. I
Author(s):      Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control,
                Division of Water Resources

Sponsor:        (see author)

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      August 1990

Title:           State of  Delaware Marina Guidebook:   A  Guidance Document  for
                Locating, Planning and Designing Marinas

In:             N/A

ID Number:    N/A

Pages:          64 pp.

Other:          N/A
            Abstract:        This guidebook  presents  information  on the marina  permitting  and
                             licensing process in Delaware, marina alterations, marina operation and
                             maintenance plans, and requirements for siting and designing new marinas.
                             The guidebook discusses shellfish harvesting buffer zones. Proper sanitary
                             waste-handling procedures for marinas,  such  as holding tank pumpout
                             facilities, portable toilet dump facilities, shoreside sanitary facilities, and
                             live-aboard sewage hookups are also discussed. Although this guidebook
                             is targeted toward Delaware marinas, some of the information is applicable
                             to marinas in other states.
            Annotated Reference List
                                        F-ll
Marinas

-------
                                 Reference No. A-6
                                ^SfC^C^Sp^C^C^CjfC^C^Sft^-^CJp^SfC

Key Words:      Fecal coliform level; Occupancy rates

Geog. Area:      North Carolina

Doc. Type:      Government Report
Author(s):       Fisher, J.S., R.R. Perdue, M.F. Overton, M.D. Sobsey, and B.L. Sill

Sponsor:         North Carolina Sea Grant; North Carolina Department of Administration;
                 and North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
                 Development, Division of Coastal Management

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:       January 1987

Title:            A Comparison of Water Quality at Two Recreational Marinas During a
                 Peak-Use Period

In:              N/A

ID Number:     Sea Grant: NCU-T-87-001

Pages:           34 pp.

Other:           N/A
Abstract:        This study was undertaken as a pilot project to develop the experience and
                 data collection procedures needed to design a more comprehensive study
                 of the impacts of marinas on water quality.  The study characterized the
                 relative flushing at two marinas using dye tracers, surveyed the number
                 of occupied vessels at the marinas, and systematically collected water
                 samples to measure the concentrations of fecal coliform.  The recreation
                 use pattern phase of the  study concluded  that use patterns varied
                 dramatically between the two study sites. Any model developed to predict
                 the  recreational use of marinas should  include not only the number of
                 slips,  but other site characteristics as well.  It also concluded that the
                 composition of vessels in a marina needed further study.  The data did not
                 support the  assumption of many coliform concentration models  that all
                 vessels in a marina will be used at some time during each day.  Neither
                 traffic counts or parking lot  counts provided an adequate explanation of
                 vessel use.  The study results  also indicated that data collection concerning
                 the identification of vessel owners using vessel registration numbers should
                 include the use of a vessel because some owners backed their vessels into
                 slips thereby making collection of registration numbers impossible.
Marinas
F-12
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                           Reference No. A-7
I
           Key Words:     Dump station (equipment); Education; Enforcement (issues); Federal laws;
                           Live-aboards; MSDs  (definitions,  issues, and  laws); Portable toilets;
                           Pumpout facility (equipment, grant programs, issues, and options); Sewage
                           treatment (issues and options); State laws

           Geog. Area:     Washington

           Doc. Type:      Government Report
Author(s):       Howard Edde, Inc.

Sponsor:         Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:       December 1991

Title:            State  of the Art Assessment of  Boat Sewage Pumpout Program in
                 Washington State

In:              N/A

DD Number:     N/A

Pages:           7 pp. (plus tables and appendices)

Other:           N/A
           Abstract:        This  report provides  an assessment of the Washington State effort  to
                            furnish adequate pumpout facilities  for boaters.  The Washington State
                            Parks and Recreation Commission is the lead agency for this issue.  The
                            report explains the agency's plan for controlling the discharge of vessel
                            sewage,  which  includes an extensive  boater education program and
                            adequate sanitary waste reception facilities (pumpout and dump stations)
                            throughout the state.  Findings from the study and recommendations for
                            improving the pumpout program are provided. Tables attached to the end
                            of  the report provide the  following  useful information:   Washington
                            Department of Ecology guidelines  for  pumpout  facilities at new  or
                            expanded marinas; model ordinance for establishing rules and regulations
                            for sewage disposal from vessels with live-aboards at marinas; mitigation
                            measures to  control  water  pollution  from live-aboards  at  marinas;
                            consolidated use figures  at vessel pumpout  facilities; vessel sewage
                            pumpout/dump station design criteria; and relevant sections of the  1991
                            Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan.
           **************************************************************************
           Annotated Reference List
                                       F-13
Marinas

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                                 Reference No. A-8
Key Words:      Discharge compliance; Environmental impacts (sewage);  Fecal coliform
                 level; Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues, and laws); No Discharge
                 Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (costs, equipment, issues, and
                 options)

Geog. Area:      U.S.

Doc. Type:       Conference Paper
Author(s):       Natchez, D.S. (Daniel S. Natchez and Associates, Inc., Mamaroneck, NY)

Sponsor:         New England Interstate Environmental Training Center (In cooperation
                 with:  U.S. EPA, Region I; and New England Interstate Water Pollution
                 Control Commission)

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:       July 1992

Title:            Types of Pump Out Facilities

In:              Operating and Managing Sewage Pump Out Facilities in New England,
                 July 30, 1992

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:           11,pp.

Other:           N/A
Abstract:        This paper presents the issues related to handling sanitary wastes from
                 vessels.  The paper provides an overview of the water quality problems
                 which arise from both point and nonpoint pollution sources.  The paper
                 describes the Federal  MSD regulations and defines the three types of
                 MSDs.  A  brief discussion on No  Discharge Areas and the need for
                 adequate pumpout  facilities is also provided.   The paper discusses the
                 correlation of proper sanitary vessel  waste practices and improved water
                 quality based on  several  previous  studies and surveys.   The paper
                 concludes by describing the  advantages  and disadvantages (i.e., costs,
                 convenience) of three types of sanitary waste pumpout facilities — portable
                 facilities, single location fixed systems (pumpout stations),  and slip-side
                 systems.
Marinas
F-14
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                 Reference No. A-9
                                !fe:fc^e!fc&^^^£al£^^^cde^e^4^
                                ^^T^^^-p^SFIsiFVFW-pSF

Key Words:     Discharge  compliance;  Environmental  impacts  (MSD  chemicals  and
                sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues,
                and  laws); No Discharge Areas;  Pumpout  facility (costs,  issues,  and
                options); Sewage  treatment (issues and options); State laws

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Conference Paper


Author(s):      Natchez, D.S. (Daniel S. Natchez and Associates, Inc., Mamaroneck, NY)

Sponsor:        N/A

Publisher:      International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)

Pub. Date:      1990

Title:           Marine Sanitation  — Approaches, Benefits,  Misconceptions  and  the
                Impacts of the Chemicals Used

In:             1990 Environmental Management for Marinas Conference, September 5-7,
                1990, Washington, D.C.

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:          11 pp.

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This paper examines different means of dealing with marine sanitation,
                including   the   use   of  pumpout  facilities   in   marinas  and  the
                benefits/problems  of  using pumpout facilities both  in  terms  of the
                environment and the perception of the public and politicians.  The paper
                also discusses the effects of the chemicals commonly used in holding tanks
                and other MSDs on the environment and sewage treatment processes.  The
                paper deals with many common misconceptions regarding the use of
                pumpout facilities and MSDs in general, and the need for marina operators
                to be more informed as  to how to educate  their patrons.  [Adapted from
                document]
Annotated Reference List
F-15
Marinas

-------
I
                                                        Reference No. A- 10
                       Key Words:     Dump station (costs, equipment, and options); Federal laws; MSDs (costs,
                                        definitions, issues,  and laws);  No  Discharge  Areas;  Portable  toilets;
                                        Pumpout facility  (compliance, costs, equipment, issues,  and options);
                                        Sewage treatment (issues and options); State laws; Survey

                       Geog. Area:     New Jersey

                       Doc. Type:      Government Report
                       Author(s):       New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Coastal
                                        Resources
                       Sponsor:        U.S.  Department  of  Commerce, National Oceanic  and Atmospheric
                                        Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

                       Publisher:       N/A

                       Pub. Date:       January 1989

                       Title:           The Availability of and Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities
                                        on New Jersey's Coastal Waters

                       In:              N/A

                       ED Number:     N/A

                       Pages:           36 pp. (plus appendices)

                       Other:           A report to the State Legislature as required by P.L. 1988 c. 117:  The
                                        Marine Sewage Treatment Act
                       Abstract:        This report was prepared under a requirement of New Jersey's Marine
                                        Sewage Treatment Act.  The report assesses the availability  of sewage
                                        pumpout facilities and portable  toilet dump  stations and the boater's
                                        demand for these facilities in New Jersey.  An overview of MSDs and the
                                        different types of sanitary waste collection facilities is provided. Based on
                                        a survey by the New Jersey Sea Grant,  the availability of public and
                                        private pumpout stations was evaluated.   The report also estimated the
                                        number of vessels that potentially need these sewage pumpout or dump
                                        services.  After a comparison of the results was made, several options
                                        were presented to further control the discharge of vessel sewage into the
                                        state's water. An addendum to this report (April 1989) further describes
                                        recommendations  resulting from this analysis.
                        Marinas
F-16
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                           Reference No. A-11
                                          c************:):****:

           Key Words:     Education; Live-aboards; No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout
                            facility (compliance and grant programs); State laws

           Geog. Area:     New Jersey

           Doc. Type:      Government Report
8
Author(s):       New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Coastal
                 Resources

Sponsor:         U.S. Department  of Commerce,  National  Oceanic and Atmospheric
                 Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:       April 1989
Title:            The Availability of and Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities
                 on New Jersey's Coastal Waters:  Addendum and Recommendations

In:              N/A

ED Number:     N/A

Pages:           19 pp.
Other:           A report to the State Legislature as required by P.L.  1988 c. 117:  The
                 Marine Sewage Treatment Act
           Abstract:        This  report  is  an  addendum  to  the  New Jersey  Department  of
                            Environmental Protection's report from January 1989. This report takes
                            the findings on availability of and demand for sanitary waste facilities in
                            New Jersey, presented in the previous report (see Reference No. A-8), and
                            provides several draft proposed state regulations and recommends specific
                            legislative action.    In  addition, a  boater education  brochure  with
                            information on marine  sewage disposal practices and pumpout facility
                            locations  in New Jersey is presented  as part of the plan to encourage
                            proper sanitary waste handling by boaters and marinas.
            Annotated Reference List
                                       F-17
Marinas
v

-------
                                Reference No. A-12
                               t***:):*:):********:)::)::)::

Key Words:     Live-aboards;  Pumpout  facility  (costs,  equipment,  and  operation/
                maintenance); Survey

Geog. Area:     New England Coastal States (CT, ME, MA,  NH, RI)

Doc. Type:      Government Report


Author(s):      Ross, N. and M.  Amaral (International Marina Institute, Wickford, RI)

Sponsor:        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region I

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      1992

Title:           New England Coastal Marine Pumpout Survey:  EPA Region I

In:             N/A

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:          51 pp. (plus appendices)

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This document presents  the results of a 1991 survey of New England
                coastal public and private marina facilities. Its purpose was to identify and
                update the New England marina facility database, document the availability
                of vessel sewage pumpout services, and determine the in-water vessel
                storage capacity and related services of the identified marinas.  The survey
                results, based on an 81 percent response rate, are organized around the
                following topics:  pumpout stations, pumpout operations and use, sewage
                waste collection and disposal, boating facility use, live-aboards, cost of
                installation and operation of pumpout stations, profile of a typical pumpout
                station in  New England, elements of pumpout success, and roles of
                stakeholders  in cleaning up  the  Nation's  water.   Among  the  study
                conclusions were that pumpout units in the region were underutilized in
                1991, that the service fee charged influenced usage (the higher the fee the
                lower the use), and that the major element  of success for harbors under
                public control was enforcement and education.  The appendices include a
                list of pumpout manufacturers and a list of  installed pumpout stations by
                state.
Marinas                                F-18                 Annotated Reference List

-------
                                            Reference No. A- 13
            Key Words:     Discharge  compliance;  Education;  Enforcement (procedures); Federal
                            laws; Live-aboards; MSDs (issues);  No  Discharge Areas; Occupancy
                            rates; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (compliance and issues); Sewage
                            treatment (issues and options); Shellfish harvesting buffer zones; State
                            laws; Survey

            Geog. Area:     Virginia

            Doc. Type:      Conference Paper
            Author(s):       Sawyer, C.M. and A.F. Golding (Virginia Department of Health)
            Sponsor:        N/A

            Publisher:       International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)

            Pub. Date:      1990

            Title:           Marina Pollution Abatement

            In:              1990 Environmental Management for Marinas Conference, September 5-7,
                            1990, Washington, D.C.
            ID Number:     N/A

            Pages:          21 pp.

            Other:          N/A
            Abstract:        This paper describes the public education program for promoting voluntary
                            no  discharge  of  boater  sanitary  waste  which  was  developed and
                            implemented by  Virginia.   In connection with the educational program,
                            Virginia has implemented a program of establishing several demonstration
                            pumpout facilities  at publicly-owned marinas.  The  establishment of a
                            shellfish harvesting buffer zone around marinas is  also discussed.  The
                            paper presents issues surrounding treatment of vessel holding tank wastes
                            by municipal sewage treatment plants and options when municipal plants
                            are not available. A lengthy section of the report is dedicated to the issues
                            related to live-aboards and  the disposal of their sanitary wastes. A survey
                            was conducted to determine the areas and extent of the live-aboard waste
                            disposal problem.  Results from the survey are provided  in the paper.
                            [Adapted from document]
I
           Annotated Reference List
F-19
Marinas

-------
                                Reference No. A-14
                               c*****************:!
Key Words:     Federal laws; MSDs (definitions); Pumpout facility (equipment, options,
                and permit process); Sewage treatment (options); State laws
Geog. Area:     South Carolina
Doc. Type:      Guidance Document

Author(s):      South Carolina Coastal Council (Charleston, SC)
Sponsor:        (see author)
Publisher:      N/A
Pub. Date:      1984
Title:           Guidelines  for Preparation of Coastal Marina Report
In:             N/A
ID Number:     N/A
Pages:          47 pp. (plus appendices)
Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This  guidance document  provides  the  application  requirements  for
                receiving a coastal marina facility permit in South Carolina.  Among the
                marina  requirements  is a  wastewater  pollution control system.  The
                document provides information on wastewater facilities capable of handling
                sanitary waste  from vessels.  The different types of pumpout facility
                systems (i.e., slip-side, portable, fixed)  and options for sewage treatment
                are described.  All pumpout facilities have to be certified by the South
                Carolina Department  of Health  and Environmental  Control before the
                South Carolina Coastal Council will consider permit approval  for the
                marina.
Marinas
F-20
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                 Reference No. A- 15
KeyWords:     Fecal coliform level; Occupancy rates; Sewage loading  rates;  Shellfish
                 harvesting buffer zones; Survey

Geog. Area:     South Carolina

Doc. Type:      Government Report


Author(s):       South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Bureau
                 of Water Pollution  Control, Division of Water Quality and  Shellfish
                 Sanitation

Sponsor:        (see author)

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:       June 1990

Title:            Rules and Regulations Related to Shellfish (R61-47:  "Shellfish")

In:              N/A

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:           54 pp.

Other:           Statutory Authority:   Section 44-1-140 of the  South Carolina  Code of
                 Laws,  1976
Abstract:        This report provides the rules and regulations relating to shellfish in South
                 Carolina.  One part of the regulations, developed by the South Carolina
                 Department of Health and Environmental Control, describes the shellfish
                 harvesting  buffer zone determination  assumptions and criteria in the
                 vicinity of marinas and other vessel docking facilities, where vessel traffic
                 is more concentrated and the flushing action is typically at a lower rate
                 than in open water areas. Previously, the state provided two alternatives
                 for  this determination:  (1) an assumed 1,000 foot radius buffer zone; or
                 (2)  a reduced buffer zone with  the presentation of results from a site-
                 specific hydrographic study.   These regulations only allow the second
                 alternative to be used for buffer zone determination.  The other shellfish
                 regulations relate to the harvesting, handling, processing, and  sampling of
                 shellfish.
Annotated Reference List
F-21
Marinas

-------
                                Reference No. A-16
                               S*****************3|

Key Words:     Discharge  compliance;  Enforcement (issues);  Federal  laws;  MSDs
                (definitions, issues, and laws);  No Discharge Areas; Portable  toilets;
                Pumpout facility (costs and issues); Sewage treatment (issues); Survey

Geog. Area:     Suffolk County, Long Island, New York

Doc. Type:      Conference Paper


Author(s):      Tanski, J. (New York Sea Grant Extension Program)

Sponsor:        New York Sea Grant Extension Program

Publisher:      International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)

Pub. Date:      1989

Title:           Boater Use of Pumpout Facilities  in Suffolk County, Long Island, New
                York

In:             1989  National Marina  Research Conference, January  9-12,  1992,
                Narragansett, Rhode Island (N.W. Ross, ed.)

ID Number:     NSGD #: NYEXT-R-89-002

Pages:          pp. 173-191

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       A survey was conducted in 1987 to determine the current situation of
                pumpout stations  in an area known for heavy boating activity, Suffolk
                County,  Long  Island, New  York.   The  survey was  conducted by
                interviewing  die  operators of marinas  which offer sewage  pumpout
                service.  This list of marina operators was compiled from several sources.
                The findings discussion is divided into several topics: number of pumpout
                facilities; boater pumpout use (pumpouts per season and use per slip);
                factors controlling boater pumpout use (i.e., cost, boater need); boater
                demand and the need for additional pumpout facilities; increasing pumpout
                use and demand; economic considerations (pumpout facility construction,
                operation, and maintenance costs); and vessel waste disposal and  treatment
                issues.
Marinas                                F-22                Annotated Reference List

-------
                                 Reference No. A-17
                                I:********* *****#**>

Key Words:     Fecal coliform level;  Occupancy rates; Sewage  loading rates; Shellfish
                 harvesting buffer zones

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Guidance Document


Author(s):       U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
                 Food and Drug Administration, Shellfish Sanitation Branch

Sponsor:        (see author)

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:      June 1989

Title:            Evaluation of Marinas by State Shellfish Sanitation Control Officials

In:              N/A

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:           7 pp.

Other:           N/A
Abstract:        This guideline  is  provided to ensure the uniform application of the
                 National Shellfish Sanitation Program criteria, as adopted by the Interstate
                 Shellfish Sanitation Conference, for  the evaluation  and classification of
                 shellfish growing waters in and around docks, marinas, or other vessel
                 mooring areas.  This guideline for the calculation of shellfish harvesting
                 closure  areas provides  two example calculations of the  closure  areas
                 around a marina.  The first example  provides assumptions for the vessel
                 slip  occupancy  rates  and discharge  rates  when  this information  is
                 unknown.  The second example presents the calculation when the vessel
                 slip occupancy, population, number of holding tanks, and pumpout facility
                 use is known.  The result of these calculations is  the minimum area that
                 needs to  be closed to shellfish harvesting  to  protect human health.
                 [Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-23
Marinas

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                                Reference No. A-18
            *********#***#***j|

Key Words:     Federal laws; MSDs  (laws);  No Discharge Areas;  Nonpoint source
                pollution; Pumpout facility (costs, equipment, operation/maintenance, and
                options); Sewage treatment (issues)

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Chapter in Government Report


Author(s):      U.S. EPA, Office of Water

Sponsor:        (see author)

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      January 1993

Title:           Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating (Chapter 5)

In:             Guidance  Specifying  Management Measures for  Sources of Nonpoint
                Pollution in Coastal Waters

ID Number:     EPA-840-B-92-002

Pages:          74 pp. (plus appendix)

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This government report specifies management measures for various coastal
                waters nonpoint pollution sources, including agriculture, forestry, urban
                areas, hydromodification, wetlands, riparian areas, and vegetated treatment
                systems, and marinas and recreational boating. The chapter on marinas
                and recreational boating defines management measures and practices and
                describes Federal and state marina and boating programs.  The chapter
                continues by identifying the management measures under two categories,
                which are:  (1) siting and design; and (2) marina and vessel operation and
                maintenance.   The management measures related  to marina siting and
                design are marina flushing,  water quality assessment, habitat assessment,
                shoreline stabilization, storm water runoff, fueling station  design, and
                sewage facility management. The management measures related to marina
                and vessel  operation and maintenance are solid waste  management, fish
                waste  management,  liquid material  management, petroleum  control
                management, vessel cleaning management, public  education management,
                maintenance  of sewage facilities  management,   and  vessel  operation
                management.
Marinas
F-24
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                Reference No. A-19
                               ;******************

Key Words:     Dump station (costs and options); Federal laws; Nonpoint source pollution;
                Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (costs and options)

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Government Report


Author(s):      U.S. EPA, Office of Water

Sponsor:        (see author)

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      December 1992

Title:           Economic  Analysis  of Coastal  Nonpoint Source  Pollution Controls:
                Marinas

In:             N/A

ED Number:     N/A

Pages:          146 pp. (plus appendices)

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This report analyzes the economic impacts of EPA-proposed management
                measures  designed  to  control  nonpoint  source  pollution  from  the
                construction, operation, and maintenance of marinas under the Coastal
                Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990.  The report
                briefly describes  nonpoint source pollution from marinas, reviews the
                legislative history of the CZARA, presents an overview of the findings of
                the analysis,  summarizes characteristics of  marinas and recreational
                boating trends, discusses  the model marina approach to measuring the
                impacts on  marinas and estimating the capital and  operating costs of
                implementing  the management measures, and reports the results of the
                economic analysis.  [Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-25
Marinas

-------
                                Reference No. A-20
                               t******************

Key Words:     Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws; Live-
                aboards; MSDs (definitions and issues); Occupancy rates; Pumpout facility
                (costs, equipment,  issues, operation/maintenance, and options); Sewage
                treatment (options); Shellfish harvesting buffer zones

Geog. Area:     Coastal States in EPA Region IV (AL, FL, GA, MS,  NC, SC)

Doc. Type:      Government Report


Author(s):       U.S. EPA, Region IV, NEPA Compliance Section

Sponsor:        (see author)

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:      April 1985

Title:           Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook

In:             N/A
ID Number:     EPA-904/6-85-132 (NTIS #: PB85-234573)

Pages:          379 pp. (plus appendices)

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This report was developed to provide guidance to marinas in EPA Region
                IV coastal states (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, and SC), however, most of the
                information is relevant to other parts of the United States.  The guidance
                document  provides  information  on  siting,   environmental  impacts,
                environmental solutions, and regulations as they relate to coastal marina
                development.  One section describes the environmental impact of sanitary
                wastes  from vessels  and provides methods  for  determining  the
                concentration of fecal coliform within a  marina area.  A  discussion on
                water  quality  mitigation  measures  related   to  marina  design and
                construction provides information on sanitary wastes, including shoreside
                facilities,  sanitary  wastes  from  vessels, MSDs,  marina  wastewater
                collection facility, facility characteristics and costs, overall comparison of
                facilities,  and examples  of operational facilities.   This  section of the
                guidance document also  includes  diagrams and photos  of the different
                types of pumpout facilities.
***************************************************************************
Marinas
F-26
Annotated Reference List

-------
Reference List B: Vessels

-------
                                 Reference No. B-l
Key Words:     Discharge  compliance;  Environmental  impacts  (MSD  chemicals  and
                sewage); Federal laws; Local government role; MSDs (costs, definitions,
                issues,  and laws);  No  Discharge Areas;  Nonpoint  source  pollution;
                Portable  toilets;   Pumpout  facility  (grant  programs,  issues,  and
                operation/maintenance)

Geog. Area:     Puget Sound, Washington

Doc. Type:      Guidance Document
Author(s):      Briggs,  J.D.  (48°  North:    The  Sailing  Magazine),  B.  Taylor
                (environmental geographer), J. Anderson (marine author), and M. Aarhaus
                (Washington Department of Ecology)
Sponsor:        Puget Sound Water Quality Authority; Washington State Centennial Clean
                Water Fund; Washington State Department of Ecology; and Washington
                State Department of Natural  Resources
Publisher:      48° North:  The Sailing Magazine (Seattle, WA)

Pub. Date:      1993
Title:           SOUNDWATCH: An Environmental Guide for Boaters

In:             N/A
ID Number:     N/A
Pages:          64 pp.
Other:          N/A
Abstract:        This environmental guide covers a wide range of boater/vessel-related
                 pollution (i.e., sewage, anti-fouling paint, fuel). The guide targets boaters
                 within the Puget Sound area, but much of the information can be applied
                 to other areas. A background of vessel-related pollution and its impact on
                 the environment is provided with a discussion on the relationship between
                 boaters, marina operators, and government agencies, and their roles in the
                 pollution control solution. A section on vessel sewage discharge provides:
                 an overview of applicable Federal, state, and local laws; the steps boaters
                 can  take  to  increase  discharge compliance; general pumpout  station
                 protocol; pumpout facility funding opportunities; MSD and portable toilet
                 definitions and explanation of 3-mile discharge limit and Y-valves;  and 12
                 pumpout facility location charts for the Puget Sound. The guide continues
                 by providing parallel information on gray water, vessel-generated garbage,
                 hazardous materials, and related marina Best Management Practices.
Annotated Reference List
F-27
Vessels

-------
w
                                                          Reference No. B-2
                                                         ***########*##***

                         Key Words:     Environmental  impacts  (sewage);  Federal  laws;  Live-aboards; MSDs
                                         (definitions and laws); No Discharge Areas; Nonpoint source pollution;
                                         Portable toilets; State laws

                         Geog. Area:     Delaware

                         Doc. Type:      Fact Sheet


                         Author(s):      Falk, J.M. (University of Delaware Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service)
                                         and  B.N.  Anderson (Delaware Department of Natural  Resources and
                                         Environmental Control)

                         Sponsor:        University of Delaware Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service

                         Publisher:      N/A

                         Pub. Date:      July 1989

                         Title:           Recreational Boaters: Take Charge of Your  Discharge

                         In:             N/A

                         ID Number:     NSGD #:  DELU-G-89-004

                         Pages:          1 p.

                         Other:          Delaware  Sea Grant MAS Note
                         Abstract:       The purpose  of this fact sheet is  to  inform recreational boaters of
                                         Delaware state laws related to the discharge of sewage from vessels that
                                         went into effect.  An overview of  the water quality problems vessel
                                         sewage can cause for swimmers and shellfish harvesters is provided.  The
                                         state laws designate all tidal waters of Delaware as a No Discharge Area
                                         and specifically  include no discharge from portable toilets. Marinas are
                                         also required  by state law to provide "adequate" pumpout stations for
                                         vessels docked at the marina that use Type III MSDs (holding tanks) and
                                         live-aboards.
   J                      Vessels                                F-28                Annotated Reference List
y

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                                 Reference No. B-3
Key Words:     Discharge compliance; Education; Enforcement (issues and procedures);
                Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals, pumpouts, and sewage); Fecal
                coliform level; Federal laws; Live-aboards; MSDs (definitions and issues);
                No Discharge Areas; Nonpoint source pollution; Portable toilets; Pumpout
                facility  (costs, grant programs, and issues);  Sewage treatment  (issues);
                State laws
Geog. Area:     Chesapeake Bay (DC, MD, PA, VA)
Doc. Type:      Government Report
Author(s):      Implementation Committee of the Chesapeake Bay Program, Recreational
                Boat Pollution Work Group
Sponsor:        Chesapeake Bay Program (Annapolis, MD)
Publisher:      N/A
Pub. Date:      January 1991
Title:           Time for Action: Recreational Boat Pollution and the Chesapeake Bay
In:             N/A
ID Number:     N/A
Pages:          23 pp.
Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This report provides the recommendations and proposed measures from
                the  Implementation  Committee of  the  Chesapeake  Bay Program's
                Recreational  Boat Pollution Work Group  on addressing  the  issues of
                nonpoint source pollution (especially vessel sewage) from recreational
                vessels using the Chesapeake Bay.  The report provides a brief overview
                of the current problems and concerns related to this issue.  The pollutants
                discharged from boating activities are identified.  The applicable Federal
                and  state (for  Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania,  and the District of
                Columbia) laws and programs applicable to MSDs and other vessel-related
                pollution are described.  The report concludes by describing the Work
                Group's findings and recommendations for lessening the effect of vessel
                sewage and other types of recreational vessel-related pollutants.
Annotated Reference List
F-29
Vessels

-------
                                 Reference No. B-4
                                #####* ####:£##!(:###

Key Words:     Discharge  compliance; Enforcement  (issues); Environmental impacts
                 (MSD chemicals and sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws; MSDs
                 (definitions, issues, and laws); State laws; Survey

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Government Report


Author(s):       JRB Associates, Inc.

Sponsor:        U.S. EPA,  Office of Analysis and Evaluation

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:      April 1981

Title:            Analysis of Wastewater Discharge from Marine Sanitation Devices

In:              N/A

ID Number:     EPA-440/5-81-013 (NTIS #: PB82-158072)

Pages:           90 pp. (plus appendices)

Other:           N/A
Abstract:        This report presents data pertinent to analyzing alternative Federal policies
                 for regulating the discharge of human wastes from recreational watercraft.
                 The study indicates that low compliance with current MSD regulations is
                 the  result of  deliberate resistance, uncertainty about the finality  of the
                 current regulations, and doubt that the regulations will be effectively
                 enforced.  The report indicates that pleasure  vessels, particularly when
                 congregated in relatively slow-moving waters, such as marina basins or
                 inlets with minimal current or tidal action, can produce unacceptable fecal
                 coliform concentrations. This  is of particular concern because shellfish
                 can accumulate sewage-borne  microorganisms, rendering  the  shellfish
                 unacceptable  for human consumption.   Of the two  major disinfectant
                 chemicals commonly used in MSDs,  chlorine and formaldehyde,  only
                 chlorine has been shown to be toxic in the aquatic environment, but  only
                 in discharges  from large shore-based facilities, such as sewage treatment
                 plants. No study was found linking either chlorine or formaldehyde, when
                 used as MSD  disinfectants,  with effects on the environment. MSD testing,
                 which is  conducted by the USCG, has shown that if a MSD is properly
                 installed and operated, concerns about odors, explosion from trapped gas,
                 and constant maintenance are unwarranted. [Adapted from document]
Vessels
F-30
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                             Reference No. B-5
                                            *****************

            Key Words:     Environmental  impacts  (sewage);  Fecal coliform  level; Federal laws;
                            Nonpoint source pollution; Sewage loading rates;  Shellfish  harvesting
                            buffer zones

            Geog. Area:     U.S.

            Doc. Type:      Government Report


            Author(s):       Milliken, A.S.  and V. Lee (University of Rhode Island)

            Sponsor:        Rhode Island Sea Grant

            Publisher:       N/A

            Pub. Date:      January  1990

            Title:           Pollution Impacts from Recreational Boating:   A  Bibliography  and
                            Summary Review

            In:              N/A

            ID Number:     NSGD #: RIU-G-90-002

            Pages:          26 pp.

            Other:          N/A
            Abstract:        This report provides a summary review and non-annotated bibliography
                            for four types of nonpoint pollution sources associated with recreational
                            boating. These four sources are vessel sewage, vessel engine pollution,
                            antifouling paints,  and plastic debris.   The vessel  sewage  summary
                            identifies two major water quality concerns related to an increase or heavy
                            presence in water (especially  non-flushing areas):  (1) the  increase in
                            biological oxygen demand reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen, which
                            directly affects certain aquatic organisms; and (2) the increase of fecal
                            coliform bacteria also increases the number of pathogens (disease-carrying
                            microorganisms) likely to affect shellfish harvesting areas, thus posing a
                            serious health threat. The summary also includes the formulas developed
                            by the FDA Shellfish Sanitation Branch,  the State of Maryland, and the
                            State of South Carolina for determining the number of vessels allowed in
                            or near a shellfish  harvesting area.   The bibliography  provides  170
                            references for the four nonpoint pollution sources indicated above and for
                            a general vessel pollution category.
i I
            Annotated Reference List
F-31
Vessels

-------
                                 Reference No. B-6
Key Words:      Discharge compliance; Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform
                 level; Federal laws; MSDs (definitions and laws); No Discharge Areas;
                 Nonpoint source pollution; Portable toilets
Geog. Area:      New Jersey
Doc. Type:      Fact Sheet
Author(s):       New Jersey Sea Grant Extension Service
Sponsor:         (see author)
Publisher:       N/A
Pub. Date:       1988
Title:            Dump It or Pump It!:  Proper Disposal of Sanitary Wastes for Coastal
                 Boaters
In:              N/A
ID Number:     NSGD #: NJMSC-G-88-001
Pages:           2 pp.
Other:           Sea Notes Series No. 9
Abstract:        This fact sheet for boaters provides an overview of the issues and solutions
                 to sewage discharge from vessels. Although the fact sheet is targeted at
                 New Jersey boaters, most of the information is  not region specific.  The
                 fact sheet explains the sensitivity of estuaries to  sewage and describes the
                 specific effects on other water-related recreational activities and shellfish
                 sanitation. Other types of nonpoint source pollution are mentioned (e.g.,
                 agricultural runoff).  The Federal MSD law, from the Clean Water Act,
                 is described, including the definitions of the three MSD types (Types I, II,
                 and III).  The fact sheet concludes by suggesting several steps that boaters
                 can take to prevent the discharge of sewage from their  vessels.
*********^******#*******:**:**** *********************************************
Vessels
F-32
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                 Reference No. B-7
Key Words:     Discharge   compliance;   Enforcement  (issues   and   procedures);
                Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals, pumpouts, and sewage); Federal
                laws;  Local  government  role;  MSDs  (definitions  and issues);  No
                Discharge Areas; Pumpout facility (compliance); Sewage treatment (issues
                and options); State laws
Geog. Area:     Massachusetts
Doc. Type:      Government Report
Author(s):       Putala, C.E. (author affiliation not indicated)

Sponsor:         Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Coastal Zone
                 Management

Publisher:       N/A

Pub. Date:       June 1988

Title:            Marine Head Discharges from Recreational Vessels:  Analysis and Policy
                 Response

In:              N/A

ID Number:      N/A

Pages:           18 pp.

Other:           N/A
Abstract:        This report describes the political environment surrounding the issue of
                 sewage discharges from recreational vessels in Massachusetts.  The three
                 discharge scenarios  (i.e., no MSD, flow-through MSDs,  and  holding
                 tanks) and  their relationship to Federal and Massachusetts laws  are
                 discussed.   The environmental impacts  related to treated and untreated
                 sewage discharges and sanitary waste pumpout stations are addressed along
                 with potential solutions. Discharge and pumpout facility compliance issues
                 and possible solutions are also addressed.  The role of local governments
                 is  discussed in  relation  to discharge  enforcement and  provision  of
                 additional pumpout  facilities to encourage discharge compliance.  The
                 report  concludes  by  suggesting   several  policy  options  for  the
                 Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs  to consider,
                 including the development of a Marine Head Task Force.
Annotated Reference List
F-33
Vessels

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                                                     Reference No. B-8
a
Key Words:      Discharge   compliance;   Education;  Environmental   impacts   (MSD
                 chemicals,  pumpouts,  and  sewage);  Fecal  coliform  level;  Local
                 government role; MSDs (issues and laws);  Nonpoint source pollution;
                 Pumpout facility (issues); Sewage treatment (issues); Shellfish harvesting
                 buffer zones

Geog. Area:      U.S.

Doc. Type:       Conference Paper
                     Author(s):      Ross, N.W. (University of Rhode Island)

                     Sponsor:        University of Rhode Island, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service

                     Publisher:      University of Wisconsin - Madison

                     Pub. Date:      October 1985

                     Title:           Towards a Balanced Perspective...Boat Sewage

                     In:             12th National Technical Conference on Docks and Marinas, October 7-11,
                                     1985, Madison, Wisconsin

                     ID Number:    NSGD #: RIU-R-85-007

                     Pages:          4 pp.

                     Other:          Conference  in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant
                                     Institute
                     Abstract:        This  paper  discusses several issues  related to  the discharge of vessel
                                      sewage contributing to the degradation of water quality.   The paper
                                      presents the government's and boaters' sides of the issue on the degree to
                                      which boaters' sewage really pollutes water versus the other types of point
                                      and nonpoint sources of pollution (e.g., sewage treatment plants).  The
                                      effect of vessel sewage on water quality and this effect on shellfish beds
                                      and swimmers  is discussed.   The  paper  also presents the  potential
                                      environmental effects from the chemicals added to holding tanks to control
                                      odor and the sewage treatment problems at marinas.  Boater education and
                                      peer pressure are suggested by the author as important links in the effort
                                      to  control the discharge of sewage from vessels.   The author also
                                      emphasizes the need for balanced (between government officials, marinas,
                                      communities, and boaters) vessel sewage control management guidelines
                                      and alternatives  to be proposed and implemented.
                     ***************************************************************************
                     Vessels
                                        F-34
Annotated Reference List

-------
                                Reference No. B-9
                               *****************

Key Words:     Discharge  compliance;  Enforcement  (issues);  Federal laws;  Local
                government role; MSDs (issues and laws); No Discharge Areas; Pumpout
                facility (grant programs and issues)

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Magazine Article


Author(s):       Sisson, W.  (Soundings staff writer)

Sponsor:        N/A

Publisher:       Soundings Publishers (Essex, CT)

Pub. Date:      June 1991

Title:           MSD Rules Remain Slow,  Confusing

In:             Soundings

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:          p. A22

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This article discusses the controversy over the enforcement of MSDs and
                discharge of raw sewage from several perspectives (i.e., boaters, marina
                owners,  MSD  manufacturers).   The  Catch-22 situation of  boaters
                complaining of inadequate pumpout facilities and the marinas complaining
                about the disadvantages of operating pumpout facilities (i.e., cost, lack of
                boater use) is  described.  The issue  of  local or state  governments
                establishing their own No Discharge  Area, instead of gaining approval
                from the U.S. EPA, is presented. The article also discusses the problem
                of adequate and effective enforcement procedures to discourage boaters
                from discharging sewage from their vessels.
***************************************************************************
Annotated Reference List
F-35
Vessels

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PI
                                                      Reference No. B-10
                      ***************************************************************************

                      Key Words:     Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues); Environmental  impacts
                                       (MSD chemicals and sewage); Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues,
                                       and laws); No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (issues);
                                       State laws

                      Geog. Area:     New York

                      Doc. Type:      Journal Article


                      Author(s):       Smith, L. (New York Department of Environmental Conservation)

                      Sponsor:        N/A

                      Publisher:       New York Department of Environmental Conservation

                      Pub. Date:      July/August 1990

                      Title:           Let's Not Go  Overboard!

                      In:              The Conservationist

                      ID Number:     Vol.  45

                      Pages:           pp. 8-15

                      Other:          N/A
                      Abstract:        This article presents  several  issues related  to  water pollution from
                                       recreational vessels.   The types of pollution discussed are hazardous
                                       substances, toxic products, fuels, sewage, solid waste, and plastics. The
                                       environmental effects of boater sewage and chemical additives for MSDs
                                       and portable toilets are presented. The article provides a brief overview
                                       of the relevant regulations.  The importance of marinas providing adequate
                                       and affordable pumpout stations for boaters to encourage no discharge of
                                       sewage  from vessels is  also discussed.   The  article  also  discusses
                                       enforcement issues related to discharge compliance.  The author suggests
                                       that boaters take on some of the responsibility of law enforcement officials
                                       by reporting boaters that are illegally discharging sewage and by applying
                                       peer pressure on other boaters to comply with a no discharge policy.
                       Vessels
F-36
Annotated Reference List

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                               Reference No. B-ll
                               c*****************
Key Words:     Discharge compliance; Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues, and laws);
                No Discharge Areas;  Portable toilets
Geog. Area:     U.S.
Doc. Type:      Fact Sheet

Author(s):       U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Boating, Public, and Consumer Affairs
Sponsor:        (see author)
Publisher:       N/A
Pub. Date:      January 1986
Title:           Marine Sanitation Devices on Boats
In:             N/A
ID Number:     Coast Guard Consumer Fact Sheet #13
Pages:          2 pp.
Other:          N/A
Abstract:       This USCG fact sheet provides specific information on MSDs.  The topics
                covered include: a summary of Federal MSD regulations; a description
                of each MSD type  (i.e., Types I, II, and III); an explanation of the
                certification labels required for MSDs; an explanation of No Discharge
                Areas; the discharge of sewage beyond 3 miles  from shore, including a
                description of a Y-valve and methods for securing the valve  in waters
                inside 3 miles; and a point of contact for MSD operation complaints.
*************************************************************************
Annotated Reference List
F-37
Vessels

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Reference List C:  Other

-------
                                 Reference No. C-l
           it******************

Key Words:     Fecal coliform level; Occupancy rates; Sewage loading rates; Survey

Geog. Area:     Rhode Island

Doc. Type:      Conference Paper


Author(s):      Eldredge, M.E.  (University of Rhode Island)

Sponsor:        Rhode Island Sea Grant

Publisher:      International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)

Pub. Date:      1989

Title:           The Contribution of Recreational Boats to Bacterial Water Pollution:  A
                Model for Determining Sewage Loading Rates

In:             1989  National  Marina  Research  Conference, January  9-12,  1992,
                Narragansett, Rhode Island (N.W.  Ross, ed.)

m Number:     NSGD #:  RIU-R-89-016

Pages:          pp. 143-157

Other:          N/A
Abstract:       The study obtained  data  on vessel use  in  Rhode Island to determine
                sewage loading factors.  This  was done  using  a mail return survey
                distributed to boaters in Narragansett Bay during two high-use weekends
                and on-site observations.   Preliminary  results  indicate  a correlation
                between vessel use and vessel length.  These results were used to create
                a modified formula which factors in relevant data on occupancy rates and
                number of people aboard.  These data were used in  conjunction with aerial
                photographs taken during the July 4th weekend  to develop two models for
                the contribution of recreational vessels to bacterial water pollution. Dutch
                Island Harbor, R.I.,  is used as an example to show the application of the
                models.  Using the models, allowable vessel numbers in the mooring field
                range from 73 to 243 vessels. The exact number  is dependent on vessel
                length and which occupancy rate is used.  The methodology of this study,
                as well as the resultant formula, can be used by  harbor planners to balance
                use conflicts in sensitive areas.  [Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-39
Other

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PI
                                                       Reference No. C-2
                       Key Words:     Discharge compliance; Education; Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal
                                       coliform level; Live-aboards; Local government role; No Discharge Areas;
                                       Nonpoint source pollution; Pumpout facility (grant programs and issues);
                                       Shellfish harvesting buffer zones; State laws

                       Geog. Area:     Puget Sound, Washington

                       Doc. Type:      Conference Paper


                       Author(s):       Hansen, N.R.  (Puget Sound Water Quality Authority)  and  N. Carter
                                       (Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission)

                       Sponsor:        Puget Sound Water Quality  Authority; and Washington State Parks and
                                       Recreation Commission

                       Publisher:       Washington Sea Grant Marine Advisory Services

                       Pub. Date:      March  1989
                       Title:           Water Quality Issues
                       In:              Boating and Moorage in the '90s: Proceedings of a Conference, October
                                       19-21,  1988, Everett, Washington (Goodwin, R.F., ed.)

                       ID Number:     NSGD  #: WASHU-W-88-001

                       Pages:          pp751-55

                       Other:          N/A
                       Abstract:        The Puget Sound Water Quality Authority identified nonpoint pollution
                                       from marinas and recreational boating as an issue to be considered as part
                                       of its comprehensive planning process.   This  paper describes several
                                       initiatives in the 19&1 Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan that
                                       were designed to address pollution from marinas and recreational vessels.
                                       The paper  also discusses the respective responsibilities  of the marina
                                       industry, the boating  community, and  state and  local government in
                                       carrying out these initiatives.  The initiatives discussed relate to issues
                                       such as requiring new  or expanding marinas to conduct boater education
                                       activities and  to provide  adequate  vessel sewage  disposal  facilities,
                                       providing  adequate  means  of sewage  disposal for live-aboards,  and
                                       evaluating the need for No Discharge Areas in  Puget Sound.  [Adapted
                                       from document]
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                       Other
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                                Reference No. C-3
                                *****************

Key Words:     MSDs (issues); Sewage treatment (issues and options)

Geog. Area:     U.S.

Doc. Type:      Academic Report
Author(s):      Novak, J.T., C.R. McDaniel, and S.C. Howard

Sponsor:        Virginia Polytechnic  Institute  and  State University,  Virginia  Water
                Resources Research Center

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      1989

Title:           The Effect of  Boat Holding Tank Chemicals  on  Treatment  Plant
                Performance

In:             N/A

ID Number:    N/A

Pages:          18 pp. (plus appendix)

Other:          N/A
Abstract:        This report presents research conducted by the authors to determine the
                 effects of chemicals added to vessel holding tanks (or Type III MSDs) on
                 small sewage treatment plants.  These  chemicals include disinfectants,
                 dyes, and perfumes added to a holding tank to control the odor level until
                 the tank is emptied.  Since boating activity is heaviest during warm
                 seasons and  weekends, the  study concentrated on the treatment plant's
                 ability to handle extra chemicals during peak use periods.  Septic tank and
                 activated sludge  systems were  evaluated for  this report.   The study
                 concluded  that vessel holding tank chemicals will not have a significant
                 effect  on a  small treatment plant's  ability  to properly process  waste,
                 although some decline  in the plant's performance may occur during peak
                 boating weekends.
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Annotated Reference List
F-41
Other

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PL
                                                       Reference No. C-4
                                                      itc************:)::):**

                      Key Words:      MSDs (issues); Pumpout facility (issues); Survey

                      Geog. Area:      U.S.

                      Doc. Type:       Government Report


                      Author (s):       Price Waterhouse

                      Sponsor:         U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service

                      Publisher:       N/A

                      Pub. Date:       January 1992

                      Title:            National Recreational Boating Survey: Sanitation Pumpout Questionnaire
                                       Tabulation

                      In:              N/A

                      ID Number:      Contract #14-16-0009-90-006

                      Pages:           26 pp. (plus appendices)

                      Other:           In association with Market Facts, Inc.
                      Abstract:        This report provides a summary of the results from the sanitation pumpout
                                       module of the National Recreational Boating Survey, conducted by the
                                       U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  The survey collected data on the type of
                                       MSD on each surveyed vessel and, if the vessel was equipped with a Type
                                       III  MSD  (holding  tank),  additional questions  were asked  about the
                                       adequacy and availability of the pumpout facilities in the vessel's vicinity,
                                       the percentage of sewage discharged by method (discharged more than 3
                                       miles from shore, discharged less than 3 miles from shore, or pumped out
                                       at a facility), and which pumpout facility characteristics (e.g., hours of
                                       operation) were important to boaters.   These data are provided for the
                                       U.S., by region (Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Pacific, and
                                       Southern), and by state.
                      Other
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                                 Reference No. C-5
                                *****************

Key Words:     Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform level
Geog. Area:     Puget Sound, Washington
Doc. Type:      Government Report
Author(s):      Seabloom, R.W., G. Plews, and F. Cox

Sponsor:        Washington State  Department  of Health, Shellfish Section;  and U.S.
                Environmental Protection Agency

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      October  1989

Doc. Title:      The Effect of Sewage Discharges from Pleasure Craft on Puget Sound
                Waters and Shellfish Quality

In:             N/A
ID Number:    N/A

Pages:          58 pp. (plus appendix)

Other:          N/A
Abstract:        This  study was undertaken to determine  the extent of microbiological
                 contamination contributed by waste discharges from recreational vessels.
                 The study included baseline bacteriological water quality and shellfish
                 tissue survey work hi the non-boating season at five boating areas hi the
                 Puget Sound.  The water quality was measured again at the same sites
                 later  during a period of intense boating activity for comparison with the
                 baseline.  The water or shellfish data from the study showed deleterious
                 impact of vessel sewage on the bacteriological water quality at four of the
                 five study sites.   At  one site, it was not possible to distinguish vessel
                 sewage contamination from other known sources of contamination. The
                 public health threat from these wastes  was perceived  to be significant
                 because  of the relative  freshness of the vessel waste, hi  contrast to
                 municipal sewage, and the resulting greater potential for the presence of
                 pathogens. The study recommends onboard containment of wastes through
                 boater cooperation and education, by installation of Type III MSDs, and
                 by provision of pumpout facilities. The study contains a  literature review
                 of 21 studies related to watercraft wastes and their bacteriological impact.
                 [Adapted from document]
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 Annotated Reference List
F-43
Other

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f\
                                                       Reference No. C-6
                                                      *****************

                      Key Words:     Discharge compliance; Education; Enforcement (issues and procedures);
                                       Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws; Local
                                       government role; MSDs (definitions,  issues,  and laws); No Discharge
                                       Areas

                      Geog. Area:     EPA Region I Coastal States (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI)

                      Doc. Type:      Guidance Document
 ;•-*
Author(s):      U.S. EPA, Region I

Sponsor:        (see author)

Publisher:      N/A

Pub. Date:      April  1992
Title:           Guidance  for  States and  Municipalities  Seeking No-Discharge  Area
                Designation for New England Coastal Waters

In:             N/A

ID Number:     N/A

Pages:          12 pp. (plus appendices)

Other:          N/A
                       Abstract:        One method available to state and local governments for the prevention of
                                       all sewage discharges from vessels is to apply to the U.S.  EPA for the
                                       approval of a water body as a "No Discharge Area."   This document
                                       describes this process.  It begins by providing background information on
                                       this water quality problem and describing the Federal laws and regulations
                                       related to  the  discharge of sanitary waste from vessels.   The report
                                       explains the statutory and regulatory requirements that need to be satisfied
                                       before a No Discharge Area will be approved.  Some additional guidelines
                                       for the application are also provided.  Information on the enforcement of
                                       approved No Discharge Areas is also provided. The report discusses the
                                       enforcement  authority,  Federal  preemption  of  enforcement,  and
                                       enforcement methods.  Although this report is directed toward states and
                                       municipalities in the New England area, the information is also applicable
                                       to the other regions of the U.S.
                       ***************************************************************************
                       Other
                                       F-44
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                                 Reference No. C-7
Key Words:     Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals  and pumpouts); Federal laws;
                 MSDs (issues and laws); No Discharge Areas; Sewage treatment (issues
                 and options); Survey

Geog. Area:     Virginia

Doc. Type:      Journal Article
Author(s):       Walker, W.R., C.J. Haley, P. Bridgeman, and S.H. Goldstein

Sponsor:         Virginia Department of Health;  and Virginia  Polytechnic Institute and
                 State University, Virginia Water Resources Research Center

Publisher:       Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

Pub. Date:       1991

Title:            Effects of Deodorants on Treatment of Boat Holding-Tank Waste

In:              Environmental Management

ID Number:     Vol.  15, No.  3

Pages:           pp. 441-449

Other:           N/A
Abstract:        A literature search and survey of Virginia campgrounds with RV pumpout
                 stations were used to determine  whether vessel holding-tank  deodorant
                 chemicals  would have  deleterious  effects  on marina septic systems or
                 package treatment plants.  Laboratory studies reported in the literature
                 indicate that these chemical additives could affect septic system functions
                 in three ways: (1) active ingredients in the additives can impair sewage
                 degradation  in  septic  tanks;  (2)  additive chemicals  might  enter  the
                 drainfield  and,  in high enough  concentrations, reduce  the drainfield's
                 ability to degrade waste; and (3) toxic additive chemicals might migrate
                 from the drainfield to ground or surface water.  Experience in the field
                 and in other laboratory studies suggests that  factors such as dilution of
                 treated waste with untreated waste and the characteristics of the sewage to
                 be treated can reduce the  possibility of damage  to septic and activated
                 sludge systems.  The campground owners  surveyed  indicated that they
                 have few problems with their septic systems in spite of the presence of
                 chemical additives in the RV waste. [Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-45
Other

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PI
                                                         Reference No. C-8
                        Key Words:     Fecal  coliform  level;  Federal  laws;  Live-aboards;  MSDs  (costs,
                                        definitions,  issues,  and laws);  No Discharge Areas;  Occupancy rates;
                                        Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (costs); Sewage loading rates; State laws;
                                        Survey
                        Geog. Area:     Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island
                        Doc. Type:      Journal Article


                        Author(s):       West, N.  (University of Rhode Island), C. Heatwole  (Hunter College),
                                        and L. Smith (University of Rhode Island)

                        Sponsor:        N/A
                        Publisher:       Crane, Russak, and Co., Inc.
                        Pub. Date:      1982
                        Title:           Environmental Improvement on Narragansett Bay as a Result of Section
                                        312 Implementation of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
                        In:              Coastal Zone Management Journal
                        W Number:     Vol. 10, Nos. 1/2

                        Pages:          pp. 125-140
                        Other:          N/A
     ?
Abstract:        The study described in this article, based on a small survey conducted on
                 Narragansett Bay during the summer of 1980, develops several empirical
                 models to estimate the total costs of MSD conversions and other costs
                 related to Section 312 of the Clean Water Act. As provisions of the Clean
                 Water Act are exempt from provisions of the National Environmental
                 Policy Act, no environmental impact statement was written concerning the
                 impacts  to the marine environment and the cost to the boating public.
                 This article  seeks to shed some  light on this controversy by:    (1)
                 developing and operationalizing a conceptual model which estimates daily
                 effluent  load contributed by recreational vessels; and (2) estimating the
                 cost of compliance to the boating public and marina operators. Although
                 the  data used are specific to a relatively small region (Narragansett Bay,
                 Rhode Island), it is possible  that  the  model and  findings   can  be
                 extrapolated to a large geographical area.  [Adapted from document]
********************************************************************>l"l<*>i»l<**
                        Other
                                        F-46
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List of Document Titles

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n
                                                    List of Document Titles
                      Document Title
                                  Ref. No.
                      Analysis of Wastewater Discharge from Marine Sanitation Devices	B-4

                      An Assessment of Marine Pump-Out Facilities  in Buzzards Bay	A-3

                      The Availability of and Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities on New
                         Jersey's Coastal Waters  	A-10

                      The Availability of and Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities on New
                         Jersey's Coastal Waters:  Addendum and Recommendations	A-11

                      Boater Use of Pumpout Facilities in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York  ....  A-16

                      Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook	A-20

                      A Comparison of Water Quality at Two Recreational Marinas During a Peak-Use
                         Period	A-6

                      The Contribution of Recreational Boats to Bacterial Water Pollution:  A Model
                         for Determining Sewage Loading Rates	C-l

                      Dump It or Pump Ith  Proper Disposal of Sanitary Wastes for Coastal Boaters  .... B-6

                      Economic Analysis of Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Controls:  Marinas   ....  A-19

                      The Effect of Boat Holding Tank Chemicals on Treatment Plant Performance	C-3

                      The Effect of Sewage  Discharges from Pleasure Craft on Puget Sound Waters and
                         Shellfish Quality	C-5

                      Effects of Deodorants on Treatment of Boat Holding-Tank Waste	C-7

                      Environmental Improvement on Narragansett Bay as a Result of Section 312
                         Implementation of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act  	C-8

                      Evaluation of Marinas by State Shellfish Sanitation Control Officials	A-17

                      Federal Regulations:  Coastal Structures, Environmental Protection, and Boating
                         Safety, Module II:  Harbormaster Reference Series  	A-l

                      Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking No-Discharge Area Designation for
                         New England Coastal Waters	C-6
                       Annotated Reference List
F-47
Document Titles

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                         List of Document Titles (cont'd)

Document Title                                                           Ref. No.


A Guidebook for Marina Owners and Operators on the Installation and Operation of
   Sewage Pumpout Stations	A-4

Guidelines for Preparation of Coastal Marina Report	 A-14

Let's Not Go Overboard!	B-10

Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating (Chapter 5)	A-18

Marina Pollution Abatement	A-13

Marine Head Discharges from Recreational Vessels:  Analysis and Policy
   Response  	B-7

Marine Sanitation — Approaches, Benefits, Misconceptions and the Impacts of the
   Chemicals Used  	A-9

Marine Sanitation Devices on Boats	B-ll

MSD Rules Remain Slow, Confusing	B-9

National Recreational Boating Survey: Sanitation Pumpout Questionnaire
   Tabulation	 . C-4

New England Coastal Marine Pumpout Survey: EPA Region I	A-12

Pollution Impacts from Recreational Boating:  A Bibliography and Summary
   Review	B-5

Recreational Boaters: Take Charge of Your Discharge  	B-2

Rules and Regulations Related to Shellfish (R61-47:  "Shellfish")	A-15

SOUNDWATCH:  An Environmental Guide for Boaters	B-l

State of the Art Assessment of Boat Sewage Pumpout Program in Washington
   State  	A-7

State of Delaware Marina Guidebook: A Guidance Document for Locating, Planning
   and Designing Marinas	A-5

Time for Action: Recreational Boat Pollution and the Chesapeake Bay	B-3
Document Titles                        F-48                Annotated Reference List

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•i f
                                             List of Document Titles (cont'd)
                     Document Title
                                  Ref. No.
                     Towards a Balanced Perspective...Boat Sewage	B-8




                     Types of Pump Out Facilities	A-8




                     Waste Management/Marine Sanitation	 A-2




                     Water Quality Issues	C-2
                     Annotated Reference List
F-49
Document Titles

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Glossary

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                                     Glossary
Discharge
compliance

Dump station
Education
Enforcement
Environmental
impacts
Fecal coliform
level

Federal laws
Live-aboards
Local
government role

MSD
No Discharge
Areas

Nonpoint source
pollution
Occupancy rate
Boater compliance with proper discharge of on-board sewage.
A designated area, usually at marinas, where boaters may empty
their portable toilets.

Public awareness of sewage discharge problem and proper control
procedures.

Enforcement of  legal  sewage  discharge  from vessels  and
collection at marinas.

Effects on the environment from sewage, MSD chemicals (e.g.,
formaldehyde),  and pumpout facilities (e.g., leaks from on-site
sewage septic tanks).

Acceptable levels  of fecal coliform in  water  (a water  quality
measure used to test for the presence of sewage).

Laws implemented by the U.S. Federal Government that apply to
the discharge of sewage from vessels.

Vessels  moored permanently in marinas and used  solely  as  a
dwelling  unit.

Methods  by which local government agencies and organizations
can assist in the control of vessel sewage discharge.

Marine  Sanitation Device.    A  permanently  installed  device
connected to a vessel's toilet that either treats sewage on-board for
immediate discharge or holds sewage for onshore disposal and
treatment.

EPA-approved  areas where the discharge  of both  treated and
untreated sewage  is prohibited.

Water pollution that originates from a non-permanent or mobile
source (which includes sewage and  other pollutants discharged
from vessels),  not from a  specific permanent source  (e.g.,
underwater pipe outlet).

An estimate of the percentage of vessels occupied in  an area at a
specific time (used in the calculation of sewage loading rates and
shellfish  harvesting buffer zones).
Annotated Reference List
                F-51
Glossary

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                                  Glossary (cont'd)
Portable toilets
Pumpout facility
Sewage loading
rate

Sewage treatment
Shellfish
harvesting buffer
zone

State laws
Survey
Toilets that are not permanently installed in vessels and to which
the U.S. MSD regulations do not apply.

A pump device that empties, or pumps out, contents of a vessel's
sewage  holding  tank.   Vessels attach a flexible hose  to the
vessel's holding tank deck fitting  and Hie  pump empties the
holding tank contents into a larger holding tank (onshore, on a
vessel,  or on a truck) or a wastewater collection and treatment
system.

The maximum number of vessels allowed in an area to protect the
water quality (similar to shellfish harvesting buffer zones).

Proper  sanitary waste treatment of vessel sewage collected by
shoreside facilities.

An area surrounding a marina, or other dense boating area that
has low flushing  activity, that is closed to shellfish harvesting
because of the threat of contamination from sewage.

Laws implemented by various states that apply to the discharge of
sewage  from vessels.

Surveys conducted that are related to vessel sewage (e.g., boater
use of pumpout facilities, types of MSDs on board vessels).
Glossary
                F-52
Annotated Reference List

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