oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Sustainable Design and
Green Building Toolkit
FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
EPA904B10001 June 2010
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Disclaimer
The Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments (Toolkit) is not intended to provide
guidance on local government codes/ordinances. The information here, however, can help communities evaluate
their existing codes/ordinances and apply the information to create more environmentally, economically, and socially
sustainable communities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cannot attest to the accuracy of non-
EPA Web sites provided in the Toolkit. Providing references to non-EPA Web sites, companies, services, or products
does not constitute an endorsement by EPA or any of its employees of the sponsors of the site or the information or
products presented. Furthermore, EPA does not accept any responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data, or products
presented at non-EPA Web sites, or guarantee the validity of the information provided.
Cover credits: Top row of photos courtesy of Loren Heyns with Neighborhood.org. Bottom photo courtesy of Neighborhood.org.
and Green Toolkit for Governments
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Acknowledgments
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is grateful for the invaluable assistance of a number of
organizations and individuals who helped develop the Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local
Governments (Toolkit).
Approximately 40 individuals contributed to the development of the Toolkit by participating in a March 2009
workshop hosted by the Southface Energy Institute in Atlanta, Overcoming Barriers to Green Permitting: Tools
for Local Governments. The workshop was facilitated by Michael Elliott, Director of Research, Consortium on
Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Georgia Institute of Technology. A complete list of the workshop registrants can
be found in Appendix B.
We recognize the following individuals for reviewing and providing invaluable feedback on the Toolkit:
» Alice Champagne, Brad Townsend and Danelle Volpe, City of Roswell;
« Allison Dennis, EPA Green Power Partnership;
» Allan Bilka, International Code Council;
» Bob Thompson, EPA Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park;
« Chris Choi, EPA Region 5;
» Chris Edmark, Thurston County Plans Examiner;
» David Eisenberg, Development Center for Appropriate Technology;
« David Price, EPA Office of Air and Radiation;
« Henry Slack, EPA Region 4;
» Jeremy Sigmon, U.S. Green Building Council;
« Jonathan Passe, EPA Energy Star Residential Programs;
« Liz Upchurch, Tennessee Valley Authority;
» Mary Walsh and Heather Nix, Upstate Forever;
« Michelle Britt and Mark Halverson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory;
« Robin Snyder and Cosimina Panetti, Building Codes Assistance Project;
» Sam Klein, MaGrann Associates;
» Stephanie Busch, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division; and
« Truett Degeare, EPA Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery.
The project benefited from initial funding and support from EPAs Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Innovations Work Group. The project was led by EPA Region 4s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Division, Water Protection Division, and Office of Pollution Prevention and Innovation; in collaboration with
EPA Headquarters' Office of Policy, Economics and Innovation. Monica Gonzalez, Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) Accredited Professional (AP), developed the Resource Guide portion of the Toolkit.
Monica was a Georgia Institute of Technology Student Co-op and volunteered her time and green building expertise
on this project.
EPA especially thanks the following individuals for leading the development of the Toolkit:
« EPA, Region 4: Karen Bandhauer, Mary Ann Gerber, Suganthi Simon, Steve Smith
» EPA, Office of Policy, Economics and Innovation: Corey Buffo (now with the Department of Energy), Susan
Gitlin, Kevin Nelson, Ken Sandier, Lee Sobel
« EPA, Region 3: Lorna Rosenberg
» City of Roswell, Georgia:
« Public Works / Environmental Department - Alice Champagne, Stuart Moring, Danelle Volpe
» Community Development Department - Brad Townsend
« Monica Gonzalez, LEED AP
This Toolkit was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and by ICF International (EPA Contract #
EP-W-05-025). Elizabeth Brown and Scott Ledford supported development of the Toolkit at ICE
Systainable and Green Toolkit for Governments
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS u
INTRODUCTION 1
OVERVIEW OF THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND
GREEN BUILDING TOOLKIT FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 2
Section 1: Assessment Tool and Resource Guide 2
Section 2: Creating an Action Plan 3
WHO SHOULD USE THE TOOLKIT 3
HOW THE TOOLKIT CAN HELP 3
HOW THE ASSESSMENT TOOL AND
RESOURCE GUIDE WORKS 3
Assessment Tool 3
Resource Guide 5
HOW TO COMPLETE THE ASSESSMENT TOOL
AND RESOURCE GUIDE 5
HOW TO DEVELOP AN ACTION PLAN 6
SECTION l: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PERMITTING ASSESSMENT TOOL
AND RESOURCE GUIDE 7
A. Sustainable Sites and Responsible Land Use Development 8
B. Materials and Resource Conservation 30
C. Energy Conservation and Atmospheric Quality 39
D. Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Management. 50
E. Indoor Environmental Air Quality 58
F. General Green Building Resources 65
ASSESSMENT SUMMARY 69
SECTION 2: CREATING AN ACTION PLAN 70
The Action Plan Roadmap 70
APPENDIX A: HOW THE TOOLKIT WAS CREATED 80
APPENDIX B: REGISTRANTS LIST - OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO GREEN PERMITTING
WORKSHOP 82
APPENDIX C: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 83
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments W
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The process of designing, developing, and inhabiting
the built environment has a profound influence on a
community's economy, environment, and quality of life. In
the United States, buildings account for approximately 40 : : : :. : • : : ••• -:. :-": •• • ••'|.'.-.:'. :••'
percent of total energy consumption and carbon dioxide : ;. .•••.: :: :; . ;: •- ;..: •. ;.•• ., .-. •••.••
emissions, 13 percent of water use, and 160 million tons : ..:•:...... ..:... . . ....
per year of construction and demolition (C&D) debris.
Buildings also contain indoor air that can be 100 times
more polluted than outside air.1 Additionally, unsustainable : :: ; : : . : : :
building practices can have unintended social and ;• . . ••:; ;.. : ::.; . ;. ,.,••,.••••, , ••• , : :.
economic consequences including brownfi elds, sprawl, . , ... . . . .. .,
degraded local air quality, loss of farmland and open space,
and health impacts due to decreased physical activity and :
access to healthy food. Sustainable design for the built -: "•'• •' '••• '' ''• '' • •.••••'•.-.• ••. ' ;.:,-.
environment challenges local officials, planners, developers, . . •.-...• •.•••.••.•.••• •••':•••.••••••• ••••• '•.•••.
and architects to examine the connections between their ......... . . ......
buildings, the environment, and their communities.
The goal is to integrate local ecology into design and
construction, to reduce natural resource impacts, minimize
non-renewable energy consumption, use environmentally
preferable products, protect and conserve water resources,
enhance indoor environmental air quality, and improve
operation and maintenance practices.2
Local governments control and shape the built environment with a regulatory system that includes codes and
ordinances. Communities trying to encourage sustainable design may find that their existing regulatory system
presents barriers to developers wanting to use sustainable design and green building technologies and techniques.
For instance, a community facing an extended drought may have a tree planting ordinance that does not specify
ecologically preferable or native trees. This ordinance creates a situation where development may require irrigation
in a climate where water is scarce.3 Another type of barrier is when developers interested in green technologies or
techniques have to obtain variances from codes/ordinances to implement sustainable design practices. The need to
obtain variances can be more costly, time consuming, and less transparent; therefore, requiring more resources in
order to build green. For example, communities with groundwater codes/ordinances that prohibit the installation
of new wells may find geothermal heat pump wells difficult to permit. Another impediment to green building
and sustainable design can occur when the code/ordinance requires a conventional system alongside the green
infrastructure practice. This barrier prohibits potential cost savings by requiring redundant systems. For example,
builders installing permeable pavers, which allow the ground to absorb the stormwater instead of letting it run offsite,
may also still require the installation of curbs and pipes because the community's codes/ordinances do not provide
allowances for new technologies, techniques, or systems.
EPA Green Building Workgroup. Buildings and their Impact on the Environment: A Statistical Summary. 2009. http://www.epa.gov/greenbuild-
ing/pubs/gbstats.pdf
Williams, Daniel E. Sustainable Design: Ecology, Architecture, and Planning. New Jersey: Wiley, 2007.
Hitch, Christopher. Presentation. Smith National, Community Development Symposium in Brookfield, Wisconsin. 2008.
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As the previous examples illustrate, making regulatory improvements to encourage sustainable design requires a
holistic examination of the entire permitting process. A local community would not want to create one regulatory
fix that ends up making another aspect of sustainable design impractical or unworkable. Local governments need
the appropriate information and resources to help evaluate their full suite of design and development regulations,
and then identify and remove permitting barriers that inhibit sustainable site design and green buildings in their
communities.
Overview of the Sustainable Design and
Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for
Local Governments (Toolkit) in order to assist local governments in identifying and removing barriers to sustainable
design and green building within their permitting process. This Toolkit addresses the codes/ordinances that would
affect the design, construction, renovation, and operation and maintenance of a building and its immediate site.
There are two sections to the Toolkit: the first section is an Assessment Tool and Resource Guide. The second section
is a guide to developing an Action Plan for implementing changes within a community's permitting process.
Tool
The goal of the Assessment Tool is to help the user better understand how a jurisdictions current codes/ordinances
and permitting process might allow or disallow sustainable design and green building practices. The Assessment
Tool is designed for local governments to review their permitting process and identify barriers to sustainable design.
The methodology will also help communities identify sustainable construction practices that are permissible but
nevertheless face resistance within the current permitting process. The Assessment Tool is divided into the following
five categories, which were chosen because they have the greatest potential to reduce a buildings environmental
impact and remove the most commonly encountered code/ordinance barriers to sustainable design:
» Sustainable Sites and Responsible Land Use Development: addresses site development and minimizing the
buildings impact on the surrounding environment.
» Materials and Resource Conservation: addresses minimizing waste from the construction site and using green
materials during construction.
• Energy Conservation and Atmospheric Quality: addresses energy conservation, promoting the use of
renewable and waste energy, and minimizing the buildings impact on air quality and the atmosphere.
« Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Management: addresses the buildings water consumption and minimizing
its impact on water quality.
« Indoor Environmental Air Quality: addresses technologies or techniques that improve indoor air quality (IAQ).
The Resource Guide comes after each of the five categories and contains links to resources that will help communities
learn more about each category in the Assessment Tool. Additionally, the Resource Guide provides users with
information that can aid in making codes/ordinances more compatible or supportive of sustainable design and green
building. If green tools and techniques are not permitted or encouraged, this information can help local governments
implement changes to allow these techniques.
Sustainable Design Green Toolkit for Local Governments
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. .V •••..•
The Action Plan can help communities implement necessary regulatory and permitting changes to allow for more
sustainable design. The framework presented for the Action Plan is just one of many pathways to implementing
changes in local permitting processes. The framework was based on collaborative decision making, change
management, and communication techniques and evaluation of best practices from other local communities. There
are six steps to the Action Plan: (1) establishing priorities, (2) conducting an internal situation assessment, (3)
conducting an external situation assessment, (4) designing the plan, (5) implementing the plan, and (6) conducting
an evaluation.
Who Should Use The Toolkit
The Toolkit was specifically developed for use by local government officials, but it can also be used by members of the
development community, local government "green teams," and other building professionals.
How The Toolkit Can Help
When local governments use the Toolkit, they will be conducting a guided assessment of their codes/ordinances. The
Resource Guide provides documents which maybe worthy of consideration when assessing current codes/ordinances
from a green and sustainable perspective. Through the Toolkit, the user will be able to identify where barriers
exist and evaluate different options to remove these barriers and reach local sustainability objectives. The Action
Plan provided in Section 2 can help the user design an approach for implementing the necessary regulatory and
permitting changes to allow for more sustainable design. In doing so, local governments can find ways to encourage
developers, contractors, and design professionals to plan for and use sustainable design tools and techniques.
How The Assessment Tool and
Resource Guide Works
". : ';'. '
The Assessment Tool is divided into the following five categories:
• Sustainable Sites and Responsible Land Use Development
* Materials and Resource Conservation
• Energy Conservation and Atmospheric Quality
• Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Management
• Indoor Environmental Air Quality
Each category is then divided into subcategories that relate to the five categories. Each of these green initiatives
has an objective and a rationale that explains the importance of the subcategory. The rationale also gives the user
background information about the green initiative and a brief description of why it is important.
Underneath the subcategories are overarching questions. These are high-level thematic questions that address
the green initiatives and help provide direction on the importance of the sustainable design and green building
subcategory. Underneath the overarching question the Toolkit is then divided into two columns:
Sustainable Design Toolkit for Governments
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Column 1: "Specific Question" and "Potential Tools and Techniques"
The specific questions relate to the sustainable design category and subcategory, and provide greater detail on
the overarching questions. The local government will assess its codes/ordinances based on the specific questions.
Underneath the specific question are tools and techniques which provide examples of sustainable design and green
building tools and techniques that can be implemented to achieve the intent of each subcategory. This column can
also be a guide to identify which sections of the community's codes/ordinances should be evaluated. The information
provided in this column is not designed to be definitive or exhaustive, but rather demonstrates common approaches
that local governments might use to achieve a particular sustainable design objective.
Column 2: "Assessment of Specific Question"
Once the codes/ordinances are reviewed, Column 2 will ask for answers to the specific questions, which relate to the
tools and techniques. The user will determine if the sustainable design and green building approaches addressed by
the specific questions are:
* Required by code/ordinance;
Incentivized;
• Expressly allowed;
• Code/ordinance silent, but typically allowed;
• Code/ordinance silent, but not typically approved (or approved only under special circumstances); or
• Expressly prohibited.
The more specific questions that fall under "required by code/ordinance" and "incentivized," the more one would
expect to see sustainable design practices, tools, and techniques being implemented in the community. Conversely,
if a greater number of specific questions fall under "code/ordinance silent, but not typically allowed" and "expressly
prohibited," this could indicate the barriers that hamper sustainable design implementation in the community. A
community that wants to expand green buildings within its jurisdiction would want to have many of the answers to
the specific questions fall under "required by code/ordinance" or "incentivized." Please see Figure 1 for an example
of the Assessment Tool.
FIGURE 1: Example of the structure and information presented in the Assessment Tool
D. Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Management
I). 1 Water Use Reduction and Innovative Plumbing S> sltrins
: "[« tncrewc wratn cDficifiKV and iwnwrtv water within builttmj&i by ming initm-ainv
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f J Required by code/ordinance
O UncentMzed
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n Q Codej'ordlnaiKe S4*nt,
twi no? lyi>itjlly approved
LJ tt:pri?ssJy prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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Resource Guide
The Resource Guide follows each of the five categories and contains links to resources that will help communities
learn more about each subcategory in the Assessment Tool. The organization of the guide is as follows:
« Any quoted explanations for a trade association or referenced document were taken directly from the source
information Web site.
» Any resource listed under "Other Information" provides general guidance on the sustainable design objective.
All other resources are specific to the sustainable design subcategory.
« A general green building resources category is included at the end of the Assessment Tool and Resource Guide
(Section F). This section provides the user with general green building resources (not specific to the items in the
Assessment Tool) and resources that discuss the compliance and verification of green technologies.
How to Complete The Assessment Tool
and Resource Guide
To complete the assessment, local officials are encouraged to do the following:
1. For each subcategory, read through the sustainable design objective, rationale, and overarching question. There
maybe a number of overarching questions for each subcategory.
2. Review the specific questions for the subcategory and identify segments of the local codes/ordinances that might
address these questions. If a specific question is not applicable to the community skip the question and move on
to the next one.
3. Each specific question leads to a series of potential tools and techniques that are associated with the specific
question. These are some of the tools and techniques the local government may have used in its codes/
ordinances. This list can also be a guide for which sections of the community's codes/ordinances should be
evaluated. Keep in mind that this list is not exhaustive.
4. Under the assessment of specific question, assess the specific question and tools and techniques based on where
local regulations lie on the flexibility/specificity spectrum and choose one of the following selections:
« Required by code/ordinance;
» Incentivized;
« Expressly allowed;
» Code/ordinance silent, but typically allowed;
« Code/ordinance silent, but not typically approved; or
» Expressly prohibited.
5. If there are specific questions that are not included in the table, add them to the appropriate subcategory and
provide the assessment. Likewise, feel free to add tools and techniques that the community uses to address the
specific question.
6. While the assessment does not provide a score or grade, it does offer to the user an indicator of potential areas
for improvement. Green (this category includes: required by code/ordinance or incentivized) indicates that the
community is doing well in encouraging sustainable design through its codes/ordinances and should continue.
Yellow (this category includes: expressly allowed or code/ordinance silent, but typically allowed) indicates
that there is room for improvement within the existing permitting process. Red (this category includes: code/
ordinance silent, but not typically approved or expressly prohibited) indicates that the community may want to
identify the cause of the barrier(s) and remove it from the process.
Sustainable Design snd Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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7. Throughout the Assessment Tool there are areas to tally the number of green, yellow, and red answers that were
given to each specific question. Fill in these tally areas in order to keep track of the number of green, yellow, and
red answers that were given throughout the Assessment Tool. These tally areas can be found at the end of each
subcategory and then again at the end of each category.
8. Using the green, yellow, and red progress indicators as a guide, review the Resource Guide for suggestions
to overcome potential barriers to sustainable design. A community that wants to expand sustainable design
practices in its jurisdiction will want to have the majority of the sustainable design subcategories fall under
"required by code/ordinance" or "incentivized." The goal is to "Get to Green!"
9. The final step is to develop an Action Plan to remove the identified potential barriers to sustainable design.
How to Develop an Action Plan
Once the assessment is complete, the final step is to create an Action Plan to address the major focus areas identified
during the assessment. These focus areas will most likely be the areas identified as either red or yellow. An Action
Plan can provide a pathway for implementing change within a community's codes/ordinances. The detailed steps
for creating an Action Plan are in Section 2. The framework presented in Section 2 is just one of many possible
approaches to organize the community's course of action. In general, to promote change, communities will need to
ask the following questions:
» Is the local government looking for opportunities to encourage sustainable design?
* Are policy or regulatory decisions consistent with the sustainability mission and vision of the community?
» Who are the local government champions, civic leaders, built environment professionals, and civic groups that
can help address permitting barriers?
* Have the local government officials taken any green building code/ordinance training?
» Do the local government staff and officials have green building related training and/or experience with
approving alternative technologies?
* How does the local government synthesize and share information on permitting decisions? Is the review of plans
internal or contracted out?
The answers to these questions will influence the community's next steps after completing the assessment and
developing a more complete picture of where there maybe opportunities for improvement in the permitting
processes. Hard questions may remain on how to create the necessary system changes that would remove the barriers
to further sustainable design in the community.
Like traditional construction, final approval of a sustainably designed building and the surrounding site is subject to
the local official's evaluation. The Assessment Tool, Resource Guide, and Action Plan can assist local governments
in identifying and removing barriers to sustainable design and green building within their permitting process.
Removing these barriers can help local officials encourage stewardship of the natural environment and promote
greater quality of life within a community.
Green Toolkit for Governments
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Section 1: Sustainable Design Permitting Assessment
Tool and Resource Guide
Before beginning the Assessment Tool it maybe helpful to answer the following questions in order to gain a better
understanding of the current local context and how these factors contribute to the outcome of the assessment and
next steps:
* Have the most recent model codes/ordinances been adopted? Which ones (list the most common)?
» If model codes/ordinances are in place, are they enforced?
* If model codes/ordinances are not in place, are the existing codes/ordinances highly prescriptive or is there
room, or requirement, for interpretation?
» If there is room for interpretation, is there a policy that supports and defines parameters for interpretation?
* Is there periodic review of codes/ordinances? If so, by whom?
» Is there a clear process for variances? Who has the authority to grant variances, and is the granting of a variance
a rare or common activity?
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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A.
A. 1 of
Objective: To conserve or restore natural areas to reduce the impact of development on natural
systems, including minimizing the built-upon area footprint.
Rationale: Natural areas protect water and air quality, provide wildlife habitat and recreational areas,
protect human health, and connect people to nature.
A.1.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for preservation or protection of critical natural resources such as:
streams, wetlands, floodplains, critical wildlife habitat, steep slopes, and drinking water sources?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Do the codes/ordinances provide for a river and stream buffer to protect
water quality and habitat in streams and rivers?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Buffer ordinances.
• Buffer design requirements (width, vegetation, maintenance).
• Storm water credits.
Assessment of Specific Question
* Q Required by code/ordinance
** Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
** but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
b) Do the codes/ordinances for the river and stream buffer include lakes,
wetlands, and coastal waters to protect water quality and habitats in these
waters?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Buffer ordinances.
• Buffer design requirements (width, vegetation, maintenance).
• Storm water credits.
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
Are there replacement or restoration requirements for buffer disturbances
when it is absolutely necessary to disturb the vegetated buffer?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Buffer ordinances.
• Buffer design requirements.
• Restoration guidelines.
f Q Required by code/ordinance
** Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
" but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
d) Are there drinking water sources protection requirements to ensure the
source of drinking water will not be adversely impacted by the project?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Source water protection ordinances.
• Setback requirements.
• Zoning approaches.
• Protection practices (e.g., double wall underground storage tanks).
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
| Section A.I
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A.1.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for preservation or protection of critical natural resources such as:
streams, wetlands, floodplains, critical wildlife habitat, steep slopes, and drinking water sources?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
Are there floodplain protection requirements to protect and/or restore the
floodplain?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Floodplain protection ordinance.
Floodplain hazard mitigation and stream restoration.
Floodplain zoning incentives.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
f) Are there steep slope or mountain ridge protection requirements to
protect slopes from uses that may endanger the community?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Steep slope or mountain ridge protection ordinances.
Steep slope or mountain ridge protection incentives.
Stormwater credits.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
A. 1.2 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for open space preservation such as natural land preservation, green
space creation, or conservation developments and cluster designs for new and re-development?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Is there a standard for natural resource preservation or green space
creation to provide connected natural environments and provide passive
recreation opportunity?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Open space ordinances.
Maximum grading allowance.
Flexible setbacks.
Imperviousness limits.
Impact fee reductions.
Building height variance.
Zoning approaches such as transfer development rights.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are conservation developments and/or cluster designs allowed in order to
protect and connect natural environments?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Conservation development criteria or ordinances.
Cluster developm en t criteria or ordinances.
Zoning approaches.
Incentives such as: variance in building height restriction, shared driveways,
expedited permit review, reduced fees, etc.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
ASSESSMENT | Section A.I
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A.I
.3 Do the codes/ordinances: Protect existing trees, such as dense tree canopies, specimen trees, and
important community trees?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques Assessment of Specific Question
a)
Are there requirements for tree preservation to provide urban habitat
for wildlife, provide cooling effect for pavement and rooftops, reduce
stormwater runoff, and provide for cleaner air?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Tree ordinances.
Tree removal perm its.
Street tree designs.
Tree credits.
Replacement ratios.
Stormwater or landscape credits.
G
Y
R
a
a
a
a
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
A.I
.4 Do the codes/ordinances: Allow modified street and/or driveway design to
destruction?
minimize natural resource
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques Assessment of Specific Question
a)
b)
c)
Is there flexibility in street and driveway design for reduced street or
driveway widths, reduced sidewalks (one side only) on residential or other
low-use streets to reduce the amount of impervious pavement?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Green street ordinances.
Context sensitive street designs.
Utilities consolidated on one side of street.
Stormwater or landscape credits.
Is there flexibility in design material such that permeable pavements or
pavers are accepted on residential or other low use streets or driveways to
provide for stormwater infiltration?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Permeable pavement information.
Stormwater credits.
Are modified curb or gutter systems such as swale only, reverse curbs,
or curb cuts with rain gardens, etc. allowed to provide for stormwater
infiltration and evaporation?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Modified curb and gutter designs.
Stormwater or landscape credits.
G
Y
R
G
Y
R
G
Y
R
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section A.I
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A.1.4 Do the codes/ordinances: Allow modified street and/or driveway design to minimize natural resource
destruction?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
d) Are modified cul-de-sac designs allowed to provide for reduced impervious
pavement?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Modified cul-de-sac designs.
Permeable pavement information.
Storm wafer credits.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
A.1.5 Do f/re codes/ordinances: Allow modified parking requirements to minimize natural resource destruction?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are requirements in place that allow for reduced parking requirements,
credit for shared parking or street parking, or under-structure parking to
result in reduced impervious pavement?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Green parking ordinances.
Green parking designs.
Maximum parking limit.
Parking study examples.
Storm wafer credits.
Parking fee structure to encourage public transportation.
Assessment of Specific Question
f Q Required by code/ordinance
** Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Q Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION A.I TOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
ASSESSMENT | Section A.I
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A.2 Promote Infill and Redevelopment
Objective: To reduce development on natural lands by providing options for redevelopment and infill
in areas with existing infrastructure.
Rationale: Communities can realize a significant reduction in regional storm water runoff if they take
advantage of underused properties such as abandoned or underutilized shopping centers.
Redevelopment in these areas takes advantage of existing roads and utility infrastructure
which can mean that the local government will not have to spend as much to maintain new
infrastructure in the future. This leaves large areas of open space undeveloped.
A.2.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Differentiate requirements for infill and redevelopment versus new development
to minimize natural resource destruction andprovide energy economies?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are there requirements in place to encourage infill or redevelopment in
areas with existing infrastructure (i.e., provide expedited permit review,
reduced fees, cost sharing) to reduce the need for new road and water
infrastructure?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Density bonus incentives.
Streamline permitting.
Special tax zones or tax increment finance districts.
• Mixed use development ordinances and criteria.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
A.2.2 Do the codes/ordinances: Establish urban growth boundaries to discourage development in farmlands
andforests?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are there established urban growth boundaries such as large lot or
agricultural only zoning outside urban boundaries to keep the urban area
compact and allow the rural areas to have fewer impervious surfaces?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Urban growth boundary ordinances.
• Purchase of Development Rights Program.
• Agricultural Conservation Easement.
Assessment of Specific Question
O Required by code/ordinance
O Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION A.2 TOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section A.2
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A.3 Construction Phase Pollution Control
Objective: To reduce construction phase pollution by controlling soil erosion, sedimentation, and
airborne dust during site development.
Rationale: Water quality can be degraded by excessive erosion from stormwater runoff and airborne
dust at construction sites when the land cover (vegetation) is removed and bare soil
is exposed to rain and wind. Additionally, materials used at construction sites such as
petroleum, herbicides, solvents, and concrete washout can enter the waterways during rain
events unless properly controlled.
A. 3.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for erosion and sediment control (E&SC) during the construction
phase?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are there E&SC requirements for land disturbing activities to reduce the
excessive erosion and sedimentation from land disturbing activities?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
E&SCordinance meeting EPA's numeric effluent limitation guidelines.
E&SC best management practices (BMPs) based on EPA's numeric effluent
limitation guidelines.
E&SC BMP manuals based on EPA's numeric effluent limitation guidelines.
Third party inspection requirements.
Assessment of Specific Question
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are there incentives for developers that a re high performers in E&SC, such
as streamlined permitting, fewer inspections, etc. to encourage highly
successful E&SC site management?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
E&SC incentives.
Surety or bonding requirements.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
C) Are there clearing and grading requirements that limit the amount of
exposed soil on the construction site to reduce the potential for erosion
and sedimentation?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Clearing and grading ordinance.
• Construction phasing requirements that immediately cover exposed soil on
the construction site.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section A.3
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A. 3.2 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for control of other pollutants at the construction site such as
petroleum, herbicides, solvents, and concrete washout to prevent migration of the associated pollutants
into waterways?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques Assessment of Specific Question
a) To prevent migration of pollutants to waterways, are there requirements for:
• Petroleum containment on the construction site?
• Concrete washout containment on the construction site?
• Solvents handling?
• Herbicides, pesticides, fungicides handling?
• Construction debris handling?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Good housekeeping requirements.
• Petroleum containment and disposal specifications.
• Concrete washout containment and disposal specifications.
• Solvent handling and disposal specifications.
• Herbicide, pesticide, fungicide handling and disposal specifications.
• Construction debris containment and disposal specifications.
f Q Required by code/ordinance
" Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
p FJ Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
A. 3.3 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for control of dust to protect air quality?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are there requirements for dust management on the construction site to
prevent offsite migration of dust and other pollutants?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Dust management specifications.
f Q Required by code/ordinance
** Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
A. 3.4 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for lower emission construction equipment to protect air quality?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are there requirements for the construction equipment to befitted with
clean diesel equipment or alternative fuels to reduce air pollution or
greenhouse gas emissions?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Clean diesel specifications in municipal projects.
• Clean construction initiatives.
Assessment of Specific Question
f Q Required by code/ordinance
*" Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
p Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION A.3 TOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section A.3
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A.4 Post-Construction Stormwater Management
Objective: To maintain the predevelopment hydrology of the development site with regard to the
temperature, rate, volume, and duration of flow.
Rationale: In the natural environment, rain falls and is quickly absorbed by trees, other vegetation,
and the ground. Runoff occurs only during large rainfall events. Traditional development
practices cover large areas of the ground with impervious surfaces such as roads, driveways,
sidewalks, and buildings, reducing the interception and infiltration of rainfall and
causing excessive stormwater runoff rates and volumes that result in stream scour, habitat
degradation, and local flooding.
A. 4.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for the maintenance of predevelopment hydrology for new and
redevelopment projects?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Is there a post-construction control code/ordinance or requirements in the
codes/ordinances?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Post-construction stormwater management ordinances.
Post-construction BMP specifications (e.g., green roofs, rain gardens, wet
ponds).
Redevelopm en t incen lives.
Retrofitting incentives.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Do the codes/ordinances provide for maintaining pre-development
hydrology?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Stormwater design manuals.
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) Section 438 Guidance.
Redevelopm en t incen fives.
Retrofitting incentives.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Is there a stormwater design manual or are there design specifications in
the codes/ordinances?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Stormwater design manuals.
Post-construction BMP specifications (e.g., green roofs, rain gardens, wet
ponds).
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
d) Are there incentives for redevelopment projects in the codes/ordinances?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Redevelopm en t incen lives.
Retrofitting incentives.
Post-construction stormwater credits.
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section A.4
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A. 4.2 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for green streets and alleys options?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are there options for green streets or alleys in the codes/ordinances which
allow for reduced width streets, permeable pavements, substitution of
curb and gutter with swales, reverse curbs, curb cuts, rain gardens, etc.? Are
there incentives for redevelopment to reduce the need for new streets?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Permeable pavement specifications.
Green street design incentives.
Assessment of Specific Question
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
A. 4.3 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for green parking options?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are there options for green parking lots including permeable pavements,
rain gardens, substitution of curb and gutter systems as above? Are there
maximum parking requirements versus minimum parking requirements to
discourage overbuilding parking? Is shared parking an option?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Permeable pavement specifications.
Green parking design incentives.
Assessment of Specific Question
O Required by code/ordinance
O Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION A.4 TOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section A.4
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A.5 Heat Island Effect
Objective: To reduce heat islands created by large areas of pavement and/or rooftops for protection of
human health and the environment.
Rationale: Rooftops, roads, parking lots, and other paved surfaces absorb and retain heat, leading to
an increase in air temperatures in the immediate area. Higher air temperatures contribute
to higher energy costs for air conditioning, compromise human health, and increase air
pollution.
A.5.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for reducing the creation of heat islands in new and re-development
projects?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are there requirements to minimize the heat generated from rooftops,
parking areas, streets, and driveways?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Green roof specifications.
Green parking specifications.
Green street specifications.
Incentives for reducing heat islands.
Low reflectance roof coverings.
Permeable pavement specifications.
Assessment of Specific Question
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are there incentives for maintaining or restoring tree canopies?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Tree specifications, such as native species lists, placement guides,
maintenance requirements, canopy requirements, etc.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION A.5 TOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section A.5
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A.6 Light Pollution Reduction
Objective: To improve night skies visibilities, minimize light trespass, and reduce night light impacts
on flora and fauna.
Rationale: Light pollution is misdirected or misused light that wastes energy by allowing light to
escape into the night sky. Light pollution can also reduce visibility and therefore safety
and security at night. It can also harm nocturnal wildlife and ecosystems (e.g., sea turtles
moving towards outdoor lights rather than the moonlit ocean). Outside lighting should be
directed only to the space that needs to be lit for public safety.
A. 6.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for reducing light pollution impacts such as reducing sky-glow and light
trespass?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Do the codes/ordinances require reduction in sky-glow and light trespass,
including design criteria such as illumination cone maximums, automatic
timing devices, low reflectance surface requirements, spotlight limitations?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Dark or night skies ordinances.
Outdoor lighting codes/ordinances.
Light levels or SmartCodes.
Simple guidelines for lighting regulations.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Do the codes/ordinances have maximum rather than minimum outdoor
lighting requirements to reduce the impacts on night skies, light trespass,
and wildlife?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Outdoor lighting codes/ordinances.
Light levels or SmartCodes.
Simple guidelines for lighting regulations.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION A.6 TOTALS
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G:
SECTION A TOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments ASSESSMENT | Section A.6
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A.
• eas
Buffer Information
» EPA Guide on Aquatic Buffer Ordinances - Includes model ordinance language, example ordinances, and
supporting documentation, http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/buffers.htm
' The Stormwater Manager's Resource Center - Links to assorted model ordinances including stream buffers.
This Web site has a stormwater manual builder that includes providing credits for site development activities
like buffer preservation, http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
» Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia - Guidance for local governments on
developing scientifically defensible riparian buffers, http://www.rivercenter.uga.edu/publications/pdf/
riparian_buffer_guidebook.pdf
' EPA: Riparian Buffer Widths, Vegetative Cover, and Nitrogen Removal Effectiveness: A Review of
Current Science and Regulation - Guide on riparian buffer widths, vegetative cover and nitrogen removal
effectiveness. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600R05118/600R05118.pdf
» North Carolina State University Riparian Buffers: What are They and How do They Work? - General
information on riparian buffer systems. http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/publications/BMPs/buffers.html
' Virginia Cooperative Extension Services: Understanding the Science Behind Riparian Forest Buffers:
Planning, Establishment, and Maintenance - Guidelines for planning, establishment, and maintenance of
riparian buffers, http://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-155/420-155.html
• The Chesapeake Bay Program: Forest Buffer Restoration - Guide to riparian buffer restoration. http://www.
chesapeakebay.net/forestbuffers. aspx?menuitem=14780
Source Water Protection Information
» EPA Guide on Source Water Protection Ordinances - Includes model language, examples, and supporting
documentation. http://www.epa.gov/nps/ordinance/sourcewater.htm
' EPA Guide on Local Planning and Regulatory Approaches to Source Water Protection - Identifies
ways that local entities can plan for and implement source water protection. Contains links to technical
guidances, funding, BMP tools and resources, http://cfpub.epa.gov/safewater/sourcewater/sourcewater.
cfm?action=Protection#
» EPA Guide on Source Water Protection Practices - Includes topics on managing underground storage tanks.
http://cfpub.epa.gov/safewater/sourcewater/sourcewater.cfm?action=Publications&view=filter&docume
nt_type_id=103
Floodplain Protection Information
» No Adverse Impact Floodplain Management Tool, Association of State Floodplain Managers - Offers local
governments a way to prevent the worsening of flooding and other negative impacts on the community, http://
www.floods. org/index. asp?menuID=460
' Association of State Floodplain Managers, State and Local Resources - An organization for professionals
involved in floodplain management, flood hazard mitigation, flood preparedness, and flood warning and
recovery, http://www.floods.org/
» Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Floodplain Management Requirements - Information
and model ordinances for the National Flood Insurance Program, http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/
floodplain/index.shtm
Sustainable Design and Gieen Building Toolkit foi Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.I
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FEMA Floodplain Management Tools - Strategies and tools to maintain or restore floodplain resources.
http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/docs/fmpcp/Chapter%209%20-%20Strategies%20and%20Took%20
to%20Maintain%20or%20Restore.pdf
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Floodplain Management Regulations - Example
regulation. http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/dam_safety_and_floodplains/fpregs.shtml
Urban Drainage and Flood Control District: Urban Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3 - Provides
guidance for the selection and design of stormwater quality BMPs and guidelines that could be adopted into
local code. http://www.udfcd.org/downloads/down_critmanual.htm
Steep Slope Protection Information
Town of Somers, New York - Example ordinance language, http://landuse.law.pace.edu/landuse/documents/
laws/reg2/SomersNYSteepSlopesPro.doc
Western North Carolina's Land of Sky Regional Council - Guidance and initiative on mountain ridge and
steep slope protection. This document has been cited by the National Association of County Planners (NACP)
as a useful resource in county planning. http://landofsky.org/planning/p_mountain_ridge_steep_slope.htm
Mountain Ridge and Steep Slope Protection - "A report compiled by a broad-based stakeholder group in
western North Carolina which describes the problems associated with development in steep mountainous
areas." http://www.countyplanning.org/mountain-ridge-and-steep-slope-protection-strategics-431/
Center for Environmental Excellence - American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO) guide for roadside management of steep slopes, http://environment.transportation.org/
environmental_issues/construct_maint_prac/compendium/manual/10_13.aspx
Open Space Information
EPA Guide and Model Ordinance for Open Space Protection - "Alternative site planning technique that
concentrates dwelling units in a compact area to reserve undeveloped space elsewhere on the site. In this
technique, lot sizes, setbacks, and frontage distances are minimized to allow for open space." http://www.epa.
gov/owow/nps/ordinance/openspace.htm
St. Louis County, MO Planning and Zoning Strategies for Water Quality Protection - Includes information
on Planned Unit Development (PUD) performance criteria, overlay zoning, conservation subdivision
ordinance, infill redevelopment, floodplain ordinance, conservation easements, and tree preservation, http://
www.cityofbn.com/downloads/PZManualFinalDraft.pdf
Open Space Residential Design - Web site provides model open space design ordinances, case studies, and
information, http://greenneighborhoods.org/index.html
Chicago's Open Space Impact Fee Ordinance Fact Sheet - Open space impact fees are charges imposed
as a condition of building permit approval for new residential development, http://egov.cityofchicago.org/
city/webportal/portalContentItemAction.do?blockName=Buildings%2fContent&deptMainCategoryOID=-
536901233&entityName=Buildings&topChannelName=Dept&contentOID=536988877&contenTypeName=C
OC_EDITORIAL
EPA Smart Growth and Open Space Conservation - Numerous tools and technical resources to help
communities become more proactive in conservation planning, http://epa.gov/smartgrowth/openspace.htm
Context Sensitive Design - "A collaborative, interdisciplinary approach that involves all stakeholders in
providing a transportation facility that fits its setting. It is an approach that leads to preserving and enhancing
scenic, aesthetic, historic, community, and environmental resources, while improving or maintaining safety,
mobility, and infrastructure conditions." www.contextsensitivesolutions.org/
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.I
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Tree Protection and Ordinances Information
City Trees: Sustainability Guidelines and Best Practices - Guidelines that identify a comprehensive
approach to locating, planting, and caring for trees by integrating complimentary best practices, http://
planroom.bonestroo.com/ViewDocument/?ID=4a8afedb-4527-4ab4-942a-Oe7141ca84ec
American Forests Guide to Setting Urban Tree Canopy Goals - "General goal guidelines based on
geographic and climate conditions and land use categories." http://www.americanforests.org/resources/
urbanforests/treedeficit.php
Center for Watershed Protection Urban Watershed Forestry Manual Part 3 - Provides detailed guidance
on urban tree planting that is applicable at both the development site and the watershed scale. Begins on p. 69.
http://www.cwp. org/Resource_Library/Special_Resource_Management/forestry.htm
Trees for Green Streets - Describes the role of street trees in managing stormwater and includes detailed
color drawings of the trees that best perform this function in the Portland metropolitan area. http://www.
metro-region.org/index.cfm/go/by.web/id=26337
Portland, OR, Tree Preservation on Your Land Division Site - Tree preservation information guide, http://
www.sustainableportland.org/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=72545
Center for Urban Forest Research, U.S. Forest Service - Provides research information on the benefits of
urban trees, http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/cufr/
Portland, OR, Stormwater Fee - Portlands Clean River Rewards Program gives a discount for trees over 15
feet tall. http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=43444&#types
Duerksen and Richman, Tree Conservation Ordinances, American Planning Assn. PAS Report No. 446 (1993)
Zoning Practice: Tree Preservation (American Planning Assn. July 2006)
Duerksen and Snyder, Nature-Friendly Communities: Habitat Protection and Land Use Planning, (Island
Press 2005).
Green Streets and Parking Information
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood settings,
or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. See neighborhood tools, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/
greeninfrastructure/technology.cfm
EPA Green Street Initiatives Around the United States - Provides examples and resources on different green
street initiatives throughout the U.S. http://www.epa.gov/owow/podcasts/greenstreetsusa.html
Portland, OR, Zoning Ordinance - Eliminates minimum parking requirements in the central city district and
for sites located within 500' of a high-capacity transit station. The city's zoning ordinance specifies maximum
parking requirements for areas outside the central city district, which vary depending on the use and the
distance from a light rail station, http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=53320
Chattanooga Zoning Regulations (Art. V. 1705) - Parking reduction standard in Chattanooga, TN. http://
www.chattanooga.gov/city_council/code/41%20—%20code%20appendix%20b%20-%20zoning%20ordinance.
pdf
City and County of San Francisco Municipal Code Planning Code (Art. 1.5 Sec. 166) - Shared parking
standards. http://www.municode.com/Resources/gateway.asp?pid=14139&sid=5
EPA Parking Spaces/Community Places - Report describing approaches "to help communities explore new,
flexible parking policies that can encourage growth and balance parking needs with their other goals. The
EPA developed this guide for local government officials, planners, and developers in order to: demonstrate the
significance of parking decisions in development patterns; illustrate the environmental, financial, and social
impact of parking policies; describe strategies for balancing parking with other community goals; and provide
case studies of places that are successfully using these strategies." http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/parking.
htm
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.I
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California's Parking Cash-Out Law, California Air Resources Board - "State law requires certain employers
who provide subsidized parking for their employees to offer cash allowance in lieu of a parking space... The
intent of the law is to reduce vehicle commute trips and emissions by offering employees the option of "cashing
out" their subsidized parking space and taking transit, biking, walking, or carpooling to work." http://www.
arb.ca.gov/planning/tsaq/cashout/cashout.htm
Low Impact Development (LID) Center Green Streets - Highlights significant Green Highways and Green
Streets programs as examples and guidance for communities and institutions that are developing green
infrastructure strategies, http://www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/greenstreets/
Permeable Pavements Information
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood settings,
or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. See site technologies, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/
greeninfrastructure/technology.cfm
North Carolina State University - Permeable pavement research, http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/info/permeable-
pavement/
University of Central Florida - Permeable pavement research, http://www.stormwater.ucf.edu/research_
publications.asp
General Sustainable Site Design Information
The Stormwater Manager's Resource Center - Links to assorted fact sheets for guidance on land planning,
land conservation, aquatic buffers, better site design (BSD), E&SC, stormwater management practices,
stream restoration practices, non-stormwater discharges, and pollution prevention; and ordinance selector
for model ordinances for aquatic resource protection including post-construction stormwater management,
stream buffer ordinances, illicit detection and elimination measures, E&SC requirements, open space design
zoning controls, operation and maintenance criteria for stormwater practices, and groundwater protection
ordinances, http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
EPA Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source Pollution) LID - "LID is an approach to land development (or re-
development) that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible." http://www.epa.
gov/nps/lid/
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Site-specific practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood
settings, or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/greeninfrastructure/
technology.cfm
Georgia Stormwater Management Manual Volume 2: Technical Handbook - "A technical engineering
handbook for implementing stormwater management measures for new development and redevelopment." See
Chapters 1-4 on stormwater management planning and design, stormwater hydrology, structural stormwater
controls, and stormwater drainage system design, http://www.georgiastormwater.com/
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure Handbook Series - Includes the Water Quality
Scorecard, Funding Options, Retrofit Policies (for stormwater programs), Green Streets, Rainwater Harvesting,
and Incentive Mechanisms Handbooks, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/greeninfrastructure/munichandbook.cfm
Center for Watershed Protection BSD Resources - BSD techniques seek to minimize negative impacts of
new development on water resources like low-impact development, environmentally-sensitive design, and
green infrastructure. Resources related to BSD techniques, development code recommendations, and local
incentives to adopt BSD. http://www.cwp.org/Resource_Library/Better_Site_Design/index.htm
The Green Buildings Guide: Tools for Local Governments to Promote Site Sustainability - By West
Coast Environmental Law. See Section 2: Regulatory and Policy Tools to Increase Green Building Design
and Practices in the Private Sector, http://wcel.org/resources/publication/green-buildings-guide-tools-local-
governments-promote-site-sustainability
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.I
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» EPA Essential Smart Growth Fixes for Urban and Suburban Zoning Codes - "Essential Fixes" addressing
the most common barriers local governments face in implementing smart growth and actions that the
community could take to overcome each barrier. Communities can apply parts of fixes or multiple fixes or
entirely overhaul their codes. http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/essential_fixes.htm
• Smart Growth Network - The Smart Growth Network seeks to improve development practices in
neighborhoods, communities, and regions across the U.S. It is a forum for: raising public awareness of
how growth can improve quality of life; promoting smart growth best practices; developing and sharing
information, innovative policies, tools, and ideas; and cultivating strategies to address barriers to and advance
opportunities for smart growth. Document provides an overview of smart growth definition and principles.
http://www.smartgrowth.org/Default.asp?res=1440
» Sustainable Sites Initiative Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks 2009 - The document "aims to
describe benchmarks that are based on sustainable outcomes rather than on strict prescriptions and specific
technology, thereby encouraging innovation, inspiring a change in thinking, and providing flexibility." The
document includes numerous case studies and appendices with guidance tables and worksheets. http://www.
sustainablesites.org/report/Guidelines%20and%20Performance%20Benchmarks_2009.pdf
Other Information
» Urban Land Institute (ULI) - ULI is a nonprofit research and education organization that promotes
responsible land use and development by publishing resources, recognizing advances in policy and practice,
and finding solutions for land use challenges, http://www.uli.org/
» Congress for New Urbanism (CNU) - GNU promotes walkable, neighborhood-based development as an
alternative to sprawl, http://www.cnu.org
» Sustainable Sites Initiative - "An interdisciplinary effort by the American Society of Landscape Architects,
the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center and the U.S. Botanic Garden to create voluntary national guidelines
and performance benchmarks for sustainable land design, construction and maintenance practices." http://
www.sustainablesites. org/
* American Planning Association - The American Planning Association is an independent, not-for-profit
educational organization that provides leadership in the development of vital communities by advocating
excellence in community planning, promoting education and citizen empowerment, and providing the tools
and support necessary to meet the challenges of growth and change. Requires membership, http://planning.org
• Local Government Commission - The Local Government Commission assists local governments in
establishing and nurturing the key elements of livable communities: a healthier human and natural
environment, a more sustainable economy, an actively engaged populace, and an equitable society. Requires
membership, http://lgc.org
Infill and Redevelopment Information
» EPA Essential Smart Growth Fixes for Urban and Suburban Zoning Codes - "Essential Fixes" addressing
the most common barriers local governments face in implementing smart growth and actions that the
community could take to overcome each barrier. Communities can apply parts of fixes or multiple fixes or
entirely overhaul their codes. http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/essential_fixes.htm
• Smart Growth Network - The Smart Growth Network seeks to improve development practices in
neighborhoods, communities, and regions across the U.S. It is a forum for: raising public awareness of
how growth can improve quality of life; promoting smart growth best practices; developing and sharing
information, innovative policies, tools, and ideas; and cultivating strategies to address barriers to and advance
opportunities for smart growth, http://www.smartgrowth.org/
* EPA Protecting Water Resources with Higher-Density Development - EPA explores the impacts of high -
and low-density development on water resources. Modeled are "three scenarios of different densities at three
scales - one-acre level, lot level, and watershed level - and at three different time series build-out examples to
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.2
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examine the premise that lower-density development is always better for water quality... Findings indicate that
lower-density development may not always be the preferred strategy for protecting water resources." http://
www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/water_density.htm
Smart Growth Toolkit - Smart Growth Leadership Institutes toolkit to help communities untangle the thicket
of policies and procedures that get in the way of implementing smart growth strategies, http://www.sgli.org/
toolkit/index.htm
Portland, OR, Metro Regional Government Urban Growth Boundary - Oregon law that mandates that each
city or metropolitan area in the state has an urban growth boundary that separates urban land from rural land.
http://www.metro-region.org/index.cfm/go/by.web/id/277
Lexington-Fayette County, KY, Purchase of Development Rights Program - The first Agricultural
Conservation Easement program by a local government in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, www.lexingtonky.
gov'/index. aspx?page=497
American Farmland Trust - A National View of Agricultural Farmland Easements, http://www.farmla.nd.
org/
Phoenix, AZ, Infill Incentives, Policy Link - Infill housing program ordinance, http://www.ci.phoenix.az.us/
BUSINESS/infilpgm.html
' i ! i -ase
E&SC Information
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
BMPs - Resources for construction site stormwater runoff control, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/
menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=min_measure&min_measure_id=4
EPA Model Ordinances to Protect Local Resources: E&SC - Includes a model ordinance as well as
ordinances drafted in various jurisdictions and supporting materials, http://www.epa.gov/nps/ordinance/
erosion.htm
Center for Watershed Protection Information on E&SC - Resources are related to controlling runoff from
construction sites. http://www.cwp.org/Resource_Library/Controlling_Runoff_and_Discharges/esc.htm
The Stormwater Manager's Resource Center - Model E&SC ordinances, http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
Clean Diesel and Air Emissions Information
EPA Clean Construction USA - The Web site is part of the National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC), an
innovative program designed to promote the reduction of diesel emissions from construction equipment and
vehicles, http://www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/construction/
EPA Green Remediation: Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices into Remediation of
Contaminated Sites - EPA technology primer for the remediation of contaminated sites, http://www.duin.
org/download/remed/Green-Remediation-Primer.pdf
'
Stormwater BMP Information
EPA NPDES National Menu of Stormwater BMPs for Post-Construction - Presents innovative practices
to treat, store, and infiltrate runoff onsite before it can affect water bodies downstream, http://cfpub.epa.gov/
npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=min_measure&min_measure_id=5
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Site-specific practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood
Sustainable and Gieen Toolkit foi Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.3
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settings, or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/greeninfrastructure/
technology.cfm
EPA Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source Pollution) LID - Contains LID fact sheets and reports, design and
guidance manuals, and other resources, http://www.epa.gov/nps/lid/
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure Handbook Series - Includes Water Quality
Scorecard, Funding Options, Retrofit Policies [for stormwater programs], Green Streets, Rainwater Harvesting,
and Incentive Mechanisms Handbooks, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/greeninfrastructure/munichandbook.cfm
Center for Watershed Protection Stormwater Management - Contains resources for Post-Construction
Guidance, Other National/Regional Guidance, CDs, State Stormwater Manuals, Practice Articles, and Links.
www.cwp.org/Resource_Library/Controlling_Runoff_and_Discharges/sm.htm
The Stormwater Manager's Resource Center - See links to: assorted fact sheets for guidance on land
planning, land conservation, aquatic buffers, BSD, E&SC, stormwater management practices, stream
restoration practices, non-stormwater discharges, and pollution prevention; and ordinance selector for
model ordinances for aquatic resource protection including post-construction stormwater management,
stream buffer ordinances, illicit detection and elimination measures, E&SC requirements, open space design
zoning controls, operation and maintenance criteria for stormwater practices, and groundwater protection
ordinances, http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
Georgia Stormwater Management Manual Volume 2: Technical Handbook - "A technical engineering
handbook for implementing stormwater management measures for new development and redevelopment." See
Chapters 1-4 on stormwater management planning and design, stormwater hydrology, structural stormwater
controls, and stormwater drainage system design, http://www.georgiastormwater.com/
EPA Using Smart Growth Techniques as Stormwater BMPs - "To help communities that have adopted
smart growth policies and plans recognize the water benefits of those smart growth techniques and suggest
ways to integrate those policies into stormwater planning and compliance." http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/
stormwater.htm
Center for Watershed Protection BSD Resources - BSD techniques seek to minimize negative impacts of
new development on water resources like low-impact development, environmentally-sensitive design, and
green infrastructure. Contains resources related to BSD techniques, development code recommendations, and
local incentives to adopt BSD. http://www.cwp.org/Resource_Library/Better_Site_Design/index.htm
Center for Watershed Protection Restoration and Watershed Stewardship - Presents material on stream
repair, riparian and upland pervious area restoration, residential stewardship, and municipal housekeeping.
http://www.cwp.org/Resource_Library/Restoration_and_Watershed_Stewardship/index.htm
Green Roof Information
Green Roofs for Healthy Cities - U.S. non-profit, green roof industry association, http://www.greenroofs.org/
Cool Roofs Rating Council - Independent, non-profit organization that maintains a third-party rating system
for radiative properties of roof surfacing materials, http://www.coolroofs.org/
Green Grid Green Roof Systems - Innovative green roof system, http://www.greengridroofs.com/
» Guide specifications: http://www.greengridroofs.com/specs/guidespecs.htm
» System specifications: http://www.greengridroofs.com/specs/systemspecs.htm
Chicago Building Code Section 18-13-303 "Urban Heat Islands" - Prohibits black roofs and establishes
progressive SRI requirements to 2008 when .65 EPA Energy Star reflectance level was required. http://bcap-
energy.org/files/Level_III_Chicago_Energy_Conservation_Code_l 8_13_303_pagel0.pdf
Portland, OR, City Resolution - Passed in 2005; requires all new city-owned facilities to include an ecoroof
with 70 percent coverage and high reflectance, ENERGY STAR-rated roof material on remaining surface area;
or ENERGY STAR material when that is impractical, http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.
cfm?id=l 12682
Green for Governments RESOURCES | Section A.4
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Rainwater Harvest/Reuse Information
American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (ARCSA) - Rainwater Harvesting Resources and
Publications, http://www.arcsa.org/resources.html
Tucson, AZ, Commercial Rainwater Harvesting Ordinance - First city in the U.S. to require rainwater
harvesting for 50 percent of landscape water demand, http://www.tucsonaz.gov/ocsd/sustainability/water/
rainwaterharvesting.php
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Municipal Handbook - Sample rainwater
harvesting policies and documents to help local officials implement green infrastructure in their communities.
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_harvesting.pdf
Rain Gardens and Tree Technologies Information
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood settings,
or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. See site technologies, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/
greeninfrastructure/technology.cfm
North Carolina State University - Bioretention research, http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/bioretention/
overview.html
Permeable Pavements Information
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood settings,
or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. See site technologies, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/
greeninfrastructure/technology.cfm
North Carolina State University - Permeable pavement research, http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/info/permeable-
pavement/
University of Central Florida - Permeable pavement research. http://www.stormwater.ucf.edu/research_
publications.asp
Green Streets and Parking Information
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood settings,
or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. See neighborhood tools, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/
greeninfrastructure/technology.cfm
EPA Green Street Initiatives Around the United States - Provides examples and resources on different green
street initiatives throughout the U.S. http://www.epa.gov/owow/podcasts/greenstreetsusa.html
Portland, OR, Zoning Ordinance - Eliminates minimum parking requirements in the central city district and
for sites located within 500' of a high-capacity transit station. The city's zoning ordinance specifies maximum
parking requirements for areas outside the central city district, which vary depending on the use and the
distance from a light rail station. http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=53320
Chattanooga Zoning Regulations (Art. V. 1705) - Parking reduction standard in Chattanooga, TN. http://
www.chattanooga.gov/city_council/code/41%20-%20code%20appendix%20b%20-%20zoning%20ordinance.
pdf
City and County of San Francisco Municipal Code Planning Code (Art. 1.5 Sec. 166) - Shared parking
standards. http://www.municode.com/Resources/gateway.asp?pid=14139&sid=5
EPA Parking Spaces/Community Places - Report describing approaches "to help communities explore new,
flexible parking policies that can encourage growth and balance parking needs with their other goals. The
EPA developed this guide for local government officials, planners, and developers in order to: demonstrate the
significance of parking decisions in development patterns; illustrate the environmental, financial, and social
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.4
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impact of parking policies; describe strategies for balancing parking with other community goals; and provide
case studies of places that are successfully using these strategies." http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/parking.
htm
* California's Parking Cash-Out Law, California Air Resources Board - "State law requires certain employers
who provide subsidized parking for their employees to offer cash allowance in lieu of a parking space... The
intent of the law is to reduce vehicle commute trips and emissions by offering employees the option of "cashing
out" their subsidized parking space and taking transit, biking, walking, or carpooling to work." http://www.
arb.ca.gov/planning/tsaq/cashout/cashout.htm
• LID Center Green Streets - Highlights significant Green Highways and Green Streets programs as examples
and guidance for communities and institutions that are developing green infrastructure strategies. http://www.
lowimpactdevelopment.org/greenstreets/
Other Information
» Army Corps of Engineers: Site Design Checklist and LID Calculations Worksheet - For developments
with stormwater management facilities located in waters and/or wetlands, http://www.nao.usace.army.mil/
technical%20services/Regulatory%20branch/LID/LIDsite_2007.pdf
• Nonpoint Education for Municipal Officials (NEMO): Addressing Imperviousness in Plans, Site Design
and Land Use Regulations - Technical Paper. http://nemo.uconn.edu/publications/tech_papers/tech_paper_l.
pdf
» Center for Watershed Protection Post-Construction Stormwater Model Ordinance - Released in 2008.
Menu of code language for local and regional government agencies, http://www.cwp.org/Resource_Library/
Model_Ordinances/index.htm
* General Requirements and Policies Stormwater Management Manual, City of Portland, OR - Outlines
pollution reduction, flow control, and destination/disposal requirements, explains the rules for connecting
existing systems, and differentiates public and private stormwater management systems. This chapter
also discusses the City's policies regarding the protection of open drainage ways... [and] identifies special
circumstances that may make it impractical to implement on-site pollution reduction or flow control to the
standards specified in this manual. http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=35122&a=55769
A.5. Heat Island Effect
General Heat Island Information
• EPA Reducing Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies - Describes mitigation measures that communities
can take to address the negative impact of urban heat islands. Includes information on heat island basics, trees
and vegetation, green roofs, cool roofs, cool pavements, and heat island reduction activities, http://www.epa.
gov/heatisland/resources/compendium.htm
* Heat Island Mitigation Impact Screening Tool (MIST) - "Intended to provide qualitatively accurate
assessments of the likely impacts of heat island mitigation strategies averaged at the city-scale." http://www.
heatislandmitigationtool.com/
* EPA Excessive Heat Events Guidebook - "Highlights best practices that have been employed to save lives
during excessive heat events in different urban areas and provides a menu of options that officials can use to
respond to these events in their communities." http://www.epa.gov/heatisland/about/heatguidebook.html
Green Roof Information
* Green Roofs for Healthy Cities - U.S. non-profit, green roof industry association, http://www.greenroofs.org/
» Cool Roofs Rating Council - Independent, non-profit organization that maintains a third-party rating system
for radiative properties of roof surfacing materials, http://www.coolroofs.org/
* Green Grid Green Roof Systems - Innovative green roof system, http://www.greengridroofs.com/
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.5
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» Guide specifications: http://www.greengridroofs.com/specs/guidespecs.htm
» System specifications: http://www.greengridroofs.com/specs/systemspecs.htm
Chicago Building Code Section 18-13-303 "Urban Heat Islands" - Prohibits black roofs and establishes
progressive SRI requirements to 2008 when .65 EPA Energy Star reflectance level was required, http://bca.p-
energy.org/files/Level_III_Chicago_Energy_Conservation_Code_l 8_13_303_pagel0.pdf
Portland, OR, City Resolution - Passed in 2005 requires all new city-owned facilities to include an ecoroof
with 70 percent coverage and high reflectance, ENERGY STAR-rated roof material on remaining surface area;
or ENERGY STAR material when that is impractical, http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.
cfm?id=l 12682
Green Streets and Parking Information
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Types, Applications, and Design Approaches
to Manage Wet Weather - Practices that can be applied to individual sites, in neighborhood settings,
or at a larger regional scale to manage stormwater. See neighborhood tools, http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/
greeninfrastructure/technology.cfm
EPA Green Street Initiatives Around the United States - Provides examples and resources on different green
street initiatives throughout the U.S. http://www.epa.gov/owow/podcasts/greenstreetsusa.html
Portland, OR, Zoning Ordinance - Eliminates minimum parking requirements in the central city district and
for sites located within 500' of a high-capacity transit station. The city's zoning ordinance specifies maximum
parking requirements for areas outside the central city district, which vary depending on the use and the
distance from a light rail station. http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=53320
Chattanooga Zoning Regulations (Art. V. 1705) - Parking reduction standard in Chattanooga, TN. http://
www.chattanooga.gov/city_council/code/41%20-%20code%20appendix%20b%20-%20zoning%20ordinance.
pdf
City and County of San Francisco Municipal Code Planning Code (Art. 1.5 Sec. 166) - Shared parking
standards. http://www.municode.com/Resources/gateway.asp?pid=14139&sid=5
EPA Parking Spaces/Community Places - Report describing approaches "to help communities explore new,
flexible parking policies that can encourage growth and balance parking needs with their other goals. The
EPA developed this guide for local government officials, planners, and developers in order to: demonstrate the
significance of parking decisions in development patterns; illustrate the environmental, financial, and social
impact of parking policies; describe strategies for balancing parking with other community goals; and provide
case studies of places that are successfully using these strategies." http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/parking.
htm
California's Parking Cash-Out Law, California Air Resources Board - "State law requires certain employers
who provide subsidized parking for their employees to offer cash allowance in lieu of a parking space... The
intent of the law is to reduce vehicle commute trips and emissions by offering employees the option of "cashing
out" their subsidized parking space and taking transit, biking, walking, or carpooling to work." http://www.
arb.ca.gov/planning/tsaq/cashout/cashout.htm
LID Center Green Streets - Highlights significant Green Highways and Green Streets programs as examples
and guidance for communities and institutions that are developing green infrastructure strategies. http://www.
lowimpactdevelopment.org/greenstreets/
Tree Protection and Ordinances Information
City Trees: Sustainability Guidelines and Best Practices - Guidelines that identify a comprehensive
approach to locating, planting, and caring for trees by integrating complimentary best practices, http://
planroom.bonestroo.com/ViewDocument/?ID=4a8afedb-4527-4ab4-942a-Oe7141ca84ec
American Forests Guide to Setting Urban Tree Canopy Goals - "General goal guidelines based on
geographic and climate conditions and land use categories." http://www.americanforests.org/resources/
urbanforests/treedeficit.php
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section A.5
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» Center for Watershed Protection Urban Watershed Forestry Manual Part 3 - Provides detailed guidance
on urban tree planting that is applicable at both the development site and the watershed scale. Begins on p. 69.
http://www.cwp.org/Resource_Library/Special_Resource_Management/forestry.htm
• Trees for Green Streets - Describes the role of street trees in managing stormwater and includes detailed
color drawings of the trees that best perform this function in the Portland metropolitan area. http://www.
metro-region. org/index.cfm/go/by.web/id=26337
* Portland, OR, Tree Preservation on Your Land Division Site - Tree preservation information guide, http://
www.sustainableportland.org/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=72545
• Center for Urban Forest Research, U.S. Forest Service - Provides research information on the benefits of
urban trees, http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/cufr/
» Portland, OR Stormwater Fee - Portlands Clean River Rewards Program gives a discount for trees over 15
feet tall. http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=43444&#types
• Duerksen and Richman, Tree Conservation Ordinances, American Planning Assn. PAS Report No. 446 (1993)
Zoning Practice: Tree Preservation (American Planning Assn. July 2006)
* Duerksen and Snyder, Nature-Friendly Communities: Habitat Protection and Land Use Planning, (Island Press
2005).
Light Pollution Reduction Information
• International Dark-Sky Association - Information on preserving the nighttime environment through quality
outdoor lighting, http://www.darksky.org
* Outdoor Lighting Code Handbook - Discusses issues relative to outdoor lighting codes, their effectiveness,
implementation, and enforcement. "Pattern code" included, to be modified for each community's needs, http://
data.nextrionet.com/site/idsa/Lighting%20Code%20Handbook.pdf
• Simple Guidelines for Lighting Regulations - For small communities, urban neighborhoods, and
subdivisions. http://docs.darksky.org/Codes/SimpleGuidelines.pdf
* Light Levels SmartCode Module - Supplements the Center for Applied Transect Studies SmartCode. http://
transect.org/docs/LightLevels.pdf
• Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IBS) - Recognized technical authority on illumination.
Its objective has been to communicate information on all aspects of good lighting practice to its members, to
the lighting community, and to consumers, through a variety of programs, publications, and services, http://
www.ies.org
for Governments RESOURCES | Section A.6
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Assessment
B. Materials and Resource Conservation
B.I Construction, Renovation, and Demolition Materials Management
Objective: To prevent C&D materials from being disposed in waste facilities; to redirect recyclable
and/or reusable materials to appropriate uses.
Rationale: C&D waste management reduces building costs, saves resources, conserves energy, and
protects the environment.
B.I.I Do the codes/ordinances: Reduce the amount of C&D materials, including renovation materials, being
disposed in landfills? Promote the reuse and recycling of C&D and renovation materials?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Is there a requirement specifying a diversion (from landfilling) rate for C&D
or renovation materials?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
C&D ordinances requiring minimum recycling by percenter weight
Waste management plan requirement
Deconstruct/on requirements in demolition permit or separate
deconstruction permits.
• Building permits include C&D materials diversion depositor bond.
• Building material bans at city or county waste disposal facilities.
Renovation ordinance requiring minimum recycling when the projects
exceed a certain value or size.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Is there a requirement for a waste management plan to be prepared?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Waste management plan requirement
f Q Required by code/ordinance
** Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Q Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section B.I
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B.I.I Do the codes/ordinances: Reduce the amount ofC&D materials, including renovation materials, being
disposed in landfills? Promote the reuse and recycling of C&D and renovation materials?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
C) Do the requirements for the construction site allow for the reuse and
recycling of C&D materials, e.g., concrete, drywall, clean wood (ground as
mulch), other?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Policy for on-site grinding and reuse of materials (e.g., concrete, drywall,
dean wood, other).
Number of C&D boxes allowed on a site.
Allowances for stockpiling C&D materials on the site.
• Requirement for contractor personnel training or certification in C&D
management.
Waste management plans.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION B.I TOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section B.I
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B.2 Building Reuse
Objective: To reuse existing building structures and shells to conserve resources, reduce waste, and
reduce environmental impacts of new construction.
Rationale: Repairing a building rather than tearing it down saves natural resources and energy and
prevents pollution that might take place as a byproduct of extraction, manufacturing, and
transportation of virgin materials. Building reuse also avoids creating solid waste that could
end up in landfills.
B.2.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Allow adaptive reuse of existing buildings?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Is the redevelopment and reuse of existing buildings encouraged?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Rehab or reuse ordinance for older buildings.
• Pedestrian oriented developments or transit orientated development
districts.
Mixed use or density allowances.
• Adaptive reuse ordinance.
Voluntary clean-up programs.
Tax increment finance districts.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are there allowances for green renovations or technologies that retain the
historic character of registered historic properties or resources?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Historic preservation ordinance.
Adaptive reuse, or sustainable design, of historic buildings policy.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION B.2 TOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section B.2
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B.3 Material Reuse
Objective: To reuse materials and products to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste,
thereby lessening impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.
Rationale: Reusing building materials creates many economic, environmental, and social benefits,
including reducing construction costs, reducing the consumption of new resources, and
minimizing landfill waste and pollution.
B.3.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Promote the utilization of reused building materials?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Does the historic preservation ordinance allow for reused or recycled-
content building materials during renovation projects?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Historic preservation ordinance.
Adaptive reuse, or sustainable design, of historic buildings policy.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are there provisions in place that encourage materials reuse?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Green building program or ordinance with minimum reuse requirements for
new construction.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
B.3.2 Do f/re codes/ordinances: Provide for the reuse of materials during all phases of the building's life?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Does the building or site design include a specific area(s) to allow for
collection and/or sorting of recyclable materials and materials that
require special handling for disposal (i.e., should not be disposed of in the
municipal solid waste stream)?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Requirement that buildings be designed or constructed to accommodate
recycling by building occupants.
Requirement to provide for the storage of discarded lamps, batteries, and
other items which may require special disposal practices in the jurisdiction.
Assessment of Specific Question
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION B.3 TOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section B.3
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B.4 Material Selection
Objective: To consider the impacts of a product throughout its lifecycle to select materials with the
lowest environmental impacts.
Rationale: Selecting environmentally preferable building materials can reduce construction costs and
environmental impacts that result from the extraction, processing, and transportation of
virgin materials. These materials can also reduce the depletion of finite raw materials and
encourage environmentally responsible resource management.
B.4.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Promote the use of environmentally responsible materials?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Is there a local government building procurement policy that promotes the
use of environmentally responsible materials that:
• are based on a renewable source
• contain recycled content
• are energy efficient (in manufacture and/or in usage)
• durable
• readily recyclable and/or reusable upon decommissioning
• water conserving, mold/mildew resistant
• emit minimal emissions (in manufacturing process and/or in usage)
• a re of low toxicity
• require/allow healthful maintenance (doesn't require harmful sealants/
coatings)
• are affordable
• locally sourced, within 500 miles, when possible.
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Green building program or ordinance with minimum post consumer recycled
con ten t requirem en ts.
Requiring use of the Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG) and
Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) for local
governmen t acquisitions.
Certified wood products requirements.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION B.4 TOTALS
R:
G:
SECTION B TOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
ASSESSMENT | Section B.4
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B. Return e {
B.I.
Materials Management Information
» WasteCap Resource Solutions: C&D Specification: Construction Waste Management (CWM) Plan
Materials - WasteCap "provides waste reduction and recycling assistance to businesses." http://www.
wastecapwi.org/services/construction-and-demolition-specifications/
« The Associated General Contractors of America Recycling Toolkit - Resources for contractors to recycle
C&D waste generated or to use C&D waste in construction. Includes specs and also organizations that offer
databases to search for recyclers. http://www.agc.org/cs/recycling_toolkit
» Smart Growth Online CWM Handbook - By National Association for Home Builders. http://www.
smartgrowth.org/library/articles.asp?art=15
« California Integrated Waste Management Board C&D Recyclers Database - Find facilities that collect
specific types of C&D debris for reuse or recycling. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo/Recyclers/
RecyclerSearch.aspx
• American Institute of Architects (AIA) CWM - Provides an overview of the term as well as established
techniques, emerging trends, CWM as an integrated approach, resources, strategies, and relative case studies.
http://wiki.aia.org/Wiki%20Pages/Construction%20Waste%20Management.aspx
« Construction Materials Recycling Association (CMRA) http://www.cdrecycling.org/
* Concrete: www.concreterecycling.org
* Drywall: www.drywallrecycling.org
• Shingles: www.shinglerecycling.org
B.2.
Building Reuse Information
« City of Los Angeles: Adaptive Reuse Handbook, Second Ed., Feb. 2006 - The Adaptive Reuse Ordinance,
first passed in 1999, incentivizes reuse of buildings. Includes the Los Angeles Conservancy's "Incentives for
Preserving Historic Buildings." http://www.scag.ca.gov/housing/pdfs/summit/housing/Adaptive-Reuse-Book-
LA.pdf
•• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for Core & Shell Green Building Rating
System - "Covers base building elements such as structure, envelope and the Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) system. LEED for Core & Shell is designed to be complementary to the LEED for
Commercial Interiors rating system, as both rating systems establish green building criteria for developers,
owners, and tenants." The rating system acknowledges the limitations of developers in a speculatively
developed building and encourages the implementation of green design and construction practices in areas
over which the developer has control. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=295
» EPA Lifecycle Construction Resource Guide - Introduces lifecycle construction and discusses issues of
deconstruction, materials reuse, design for deconstruction, and lifecycle construction resources. http://www.
lifecyclebuilding.org/files/Lifecycle%20Construction%20Resource%20Guide.pdf
« National Trust for Historic Preservation - "The National Trust for Historic Preservation provides leadership,
education, advocacy, and resources to save Americas diverse historic places and revitalize our communities."
www.preservationnation.org/
Sustainable Design and Gieen Building Toolkit foi Local Governments RESOURCES | Section B.I
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B.3.
Material Reuse Information
* The Associated General Contractors of America Recycling Toolkit - Resources for contractors to recycle
C&D waste generated or to use C&D waste in construction. Includes specs and also organizations that offer
databases to search for recyclers. http://www.agc.org/cs/recycling_toolkit
* Building Materials Reuse Association - Facilitates building deconstruction and the recycling/reuse of
building materials, www.bmra.org/
* EPA Environmental Technology Verification Program: Materials Management and Remediation Center -
"Verifies performance of materials management technologies... and technologies to remediate contaminated
land and ground water." http://www.epa.gov/etv/center-mmr.html
* California Integrated Waste Management Board - Database of sources for recycled/salvaged building
materials. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Reuse/Links/Building.htm
* EPA Using Recycled Industrial Materials in Buildings - Informational sheet discussing "the use of recycled
industrial materials in buildings as an alternative to virgin materials and building products." http://www.epa.
gov/osw/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/recy-bldg.pdf
* Old to New: Design Guide, Salvaged Building Materials in New Construction, 3rd Edition (2002) -
"Provides architects with practical information to encourage and facilitate the use of salvaged building
materials in typical new construction projects." http://www.lifecyclebuilding.org/files/Old%20to%20New%20
Design %20Guide.pdf
" ' •
Certified Products Information
« Cradle to Cradle Certification - Criteria certifies Basic, Silver, Gold, or Platinum levels for "environmentally
intelligent design." www.c2ccertified.com/
. GREENGUARD Certification for Low-Emitting Products - GREENGUARD Environmental Institute
establishes performance based standards to define goods with low chemical and particle emissions for use
indoors, primarily building materials, interior furnishings, furniture, cleaning and maintenance products, and
electronic equipment. The site includes adhesives and sealants; wood-based and non-wood-based construction
materials; insulation; paints and coatings; and wall finishes, http://www.greenguard.org/
« Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) - "A certification system that provides internationally recognized
standard-setting, trademark assurance and accreditation services to companies, organizations, and
communities interested in responsible forestry." http://www.fsc.org/
* Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) - Certification program based on principles and measures that promote
sustainable forest management and consider all forest values. SFI labels on a product, ensures that wood or
paper products come from responsible sources, http://www.sfiprogram.org/
* Science Certification Systems (SCS) Certified Products Database - Search for certified green building
products by category, manufacturer, certification program, or conformance. Also see additional information
on FSC and SCS Certification programs and Recycled & Material Content, http://www.scscertified.com/
products/
« International Code Council's (ICC) Evaluation Services - Provides interpretations and acceptance of new
products that occur in the market place, www.icc-es.org/
* ICC's Sustainable Attributes Verification and Evaluation™ Program (SAVE™) - SAVE™ was created
exclusively for verifying and evaluating green products, http://saveprogram.icc-es.org/
* EPA CPG program - "The CPG program is authorized by Congress under Section 6002 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Executive Order 13423. EPA is required to designate products
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section B.3
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that are or can be made with recovered materials, and to recommend practices for buying these products.
Once a product is designated, procuring agencies are required to purchase it with the highest recovered
material content level practicable." http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/cpg/index.htm
EPA Using Recycled Industrial Materials in Buildings - Informational sheet discussing "the use of recycled
industrial materials in buildings as an alternative to virgin materials and building products." http://www.epa.
gov/osw/conserve/rrr/imr/pdfs/recy-bldg.pdf
EPA Lifecycle Construction Resource Guide - Introduces lifecycle construction and discusses issues of
deconstruction, materials reuse, design for deconstruction, and lifecycle construction resources. http://www.
lifecyclebuilding.org/files/Lifecycle%20Construction%20Resource%20Guide.pdf
Old to New: Design Guide, Salvaged Building Materials in New Construction, 3rd Edition (2002) -
"Provides architects with practical information to encourage and facilitate the use of salvaged building
materials in typical new construction projects." http://www.lifecyclebuilding.org/files/Old%20to%20New%20
Design %20Guide.pdf
SCS Recycled and Material Content - SCS provides material content certification assessment services
to manufacturers offering products made from recycled or biodegradable materials. See information on
the certification program, the SCS Recycled Content Standard, as well as Certified Biodegradable, No
Added Formaldehyde, No Added Urea Formaldehyde, Recycled & Material Content Products. http://www.
scscertified.com/products/
Straw Bale Wall Information
Earthen Plastered Wall Passes ASTM E-119 - 1-hour fire resistance test of a non-load bearing straw bale
wall. http://www.dcat.net/about_dcat/current/Non-Bearing_Clay_Wall.pdf
Cement Stucco Wall Passes ASTM E-l 19-05 - 2-hour fire resistance test of a non-load bearing wheat straw
bale wall. http://www.dcat.net/about_dcat/current/Cement_Stucco_Wall.pdf
City of Boulder, CO, Ordinance 5891: Amending Ch 10-5 B.R.C. 1981 - Concerns Alternative Building
Materials, including Adobe and Straw Bale Construction and Recycled Lumber. http://www.dcat.net/about_
dcat/current/Boulder_Straw_Bale_Code.pdf
ASTM Committees Standards - Recycled Industrial Materials
ASTM Committee C01 Cement - Develops specifications, test methods, recommended practices, and
terminology for hydraulic cements including portland, natural, pozzolanic, masonry, and slag cements,
and modifications and combinations during manufacture of the cements; and investigates the properties of
hydraulic cements and promotes the improvement and uniformity of testing these materials, http://www.astm.
org/COMMIT/COMMITTEE/COl.htm
ASTM Committee C09 Concrete and Concrete Aggregates - Has jurisdiction over 160 standards published
in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.02. These standards, together with the standards
developed by ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and committees of the American Concrete Institute, are
essential to the construction of civil infrastructure. http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/COMMITTEE/C09.htm
ASTM Committee Cl 1 Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems - Develops specifications, test
methods, and applications in the gypsum and related product industries. http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/
COMMITTEE/Cll.htm?L+Cl Istore
ASTM Committee D04 Road and Paving Materials - Has jurisdiction over 200 standards, published
in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 4. These standards are essential to the construction
and maintenance of highways, and other transportation construction. http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/
COMMITTEE/D04.htm
ASTM Committee C12 Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry - Has jurisdiction over 15 standards,
published in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.05. These standards are essential to the industry
of mortar used with masonry units, including burned clay, shale, sand-lime, concrete, and stone. http://www.
astm.org/COMMIT/COMMITTEE/C12.htm
RESOURCES | Section B.4
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ASTM Committee E50 Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action - Has
jurisdiction over 35 standards published in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 11.04. These
standards are essential to corrective action, pollution prevention, and beneficial use. http://www.astm.org/
COMMIT/COMMITTEE/ESO.htm
ASTM Committee D34 Waste Management - Has jurisdiction over 125 standards published in the Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 11.04. These standards are essential to all aspects addressing the generation,
storage, transportation, treatment, recovery, and disposal of wastes generated from industrial, commercial,
residential, and institutional sources. http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/COMMITTEE/D34.htm
Other Information
Alameda County, CA, Waste Management Authority Green Building Materials Resource Guide - Building
materials directory. http://www.stopwaste.org/docs/Resource_Guide.pdf
The Associated General Contractors of America Recycling Toolkit - Resources for contractors to recycle
C&D waste generated or to use C&D waste in construction. Includes specs and also organizations that offer
databases to search for recyclers. http://www.agc.org/cs/recycling_toolkit
California Integrated Waste Management Board - Database for searching Recycled Content Building
Products byproduct type. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/RCP/Product.asp?VW=CAT&CATID=257
EPEAT - "EPEAT is a system that helps purchasers evaluate, compare and select electronic products based
on their environmental attributes. The system currently covers desktop and laptop computers, thin clients,
workstations and computer monitors." http://www.epeat.net/
Sustainable for RESOURCES | Section B.4
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Assessment
C. Energy Conservation and Atmospheric Quality
C.I Optimized Energy Performance
Objective: To improve the buildings energy performance by optimizing the energy use within the
building.
Rationale: Optimizing a buildings energy performance will reduce economic impacts associated with
high intensity energy use and excessive energy use and reduce environmental impacts such
as greenhouse gas emissions.
C.I.I Do the codes/ordinances: Promote improved, climate-based, energy performance standards?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Do ordinances allow for residential building energy-related systems to be
installed, calibrated, and perform according to the most up-to-date model
code or standard, or better?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Horn es Program Requirem en ts.
Ordinance requiring meeting or exceeding the most recent residential model
energy code/ordinance, such as the International Energy Conservation Code
(IECC).
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Do ordinances allow for commercial building energy-related systems to be
installed, calibrated, and perform according to the most up-to-date model
code or standard or better?
Additional things to consider:
• Are performance-based compliance options allowed to be less efficient
than prescriptive options?
• Are there incentives to build smaller or use less energy per square foot of
building area?
• Are there incentives to construct buildings which are more energy
efficient than the minimum requirements of the jurisdiction?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Ordinance requiring meeting or exceeding the most recent model energy
code, such as American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers' (ASHRAE) Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-
Rise Residential Buildings, Standard 90.1 or the IECC.
ENERGY STAR Commercial Building Requirements.
Enhanced energy provisions of the International green Construction Code
(IgCC) or ASHRAE 189.1.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
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ASSESSMENT | Section C.I
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C.1.2 Do the codes/ordinances: Ensure that the energy performance requirements are being met post-
construction or renovation?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are checklists, certification, field testing and/or verification required to
ensure that energy performance standards are met?
Additional things to consider:
• Is third party energy code enforcement allowed?
• Is third party energy code enforcement performed?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes Program Checklist.
ENERGY STAR Energy Design Guidance Checklist.
• Require third-party building inspection of equipment, insulation, ductwork,
etc. prior to completion of the building.
Require diagnostic testing to assure proper installation and verification by a
certified Home Energy Rating System (HERS) rater.
• Require verification of energy performance for commercial use during
change of occupant or tenant, and during re-sale, through specified audits
and other material.
ENERGY STAR Target Finder in Commercial Buildings.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
C.I.3 Do the codes/ordinances: Facilitate energy consumption measurements in order to provide building
managers with the tools to identify and explain increases or decreases in energy use, draw energy
consumption trends, determine future energy use when planning changes in the business, diagnose
specific areas of wasted energy, develop performance targets for energy management programs, and
manage their energy consumption?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Do codes/ordinances exist which provide for ongoing accountability of
building energy consumption over time (exception: buildings or portions
of buildings used as residential)?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Ordinances requiring measurement devices with remote communication
ability, providing daily energy profiles.
Ordinances providing for submetering of large or significant loads in
commercial buildings.
Ordinances providing for submetering of individual apartments in multi-
family buildings and submetering of individual tenants in commercial
buildings.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
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ASSESSMENT | Section C.I
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C.I. 4 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide energy specifications for specific water features in commercial and
residential buildings?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are there provisions in place which address energy features of public and
private swimming pools, fountains, and spas?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Heating element specifications.
Circulating pump motors and filtration pump motors specifications.
Cooling tower specifications.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
C.I.5 Do f/re codes/ordinances: Eliminate unnecessary light pollution and conserve energy?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are specific requirements in place (e.g., maximum allowed lumens per
square foot for each lighting zone) for outdoor lighting as it pertains to:
• building and structures;
• recreational areas;
• parking lot lighting;
• landscape lighting;
• billboards and other signage;
• street lighting?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Dark skies or night skies ordinances.
• Adoption of the newest energy codes.
Assessment of Specific Question
O Required by code/ordinance
O Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION C.I TOTALS
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ASSESSMENT | Section C.I
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C.2 On-Site Renewable Energy
Objective: To encourage the use of on-site renewable energy to reduce the economic and
environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel use.
Rationale: On-site renewable energy generation can produce significant economic, energy, and
environmental benefits. On-site renewable energy reduces energy costs by decreasing a
buildings susceptibility to fossil fuel price volatility. On-site renewable energy also reduces
greenhouse gas and other air emissions.
C.2.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for the use of on-site renewable energy?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are renewable energy technologies allowable under existing local
ordinances?
Examples include: tree ordinances that limit solar, burn ordinances
that limit biomass projects, structural height limitations that impact
solar, prohibitions on the use of groundwater in geothermal projects,
structural restrictions for small scale wind generation and large scale wind
generation, etc.
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Provisions for solar, wind, geothermal, low-impact hydro, biomass, or bio-gas
strategies.
O Required by code/ordinance
O Incentivized
Q Expressly allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Q Expressly prohibited
b) Are there allowances for using renewable energy technologies at
registered historic properties or resources?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Historic preservation ordinance.
• Sustainable design of historic buildings policy.
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
Q Expressly allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
C) If net-metering is allowed in the state, is it encouraged by the local
community?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Net-metering policy or ordinance.
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
Q Expressly allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION C.2 TOTALS
Y: R:
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ASSESSMENT | Section C.2
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C.3 Atmospheric Quality Protection
Objective: To reduce the use of ozone-depleting chemicals and minimize the generation of
greenhouse gases, particulate matter, and air toxics.
Rationale: Enhanced refrigerant management will minimize the emissions of compounds that
contribute to ozone depletion. Using clean construction practices reduces energy costs and
consumption and also minimizes the generation of air toxics.
C.3.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Protect atmospheric quality by reducing the use of ozone-depleting refrigerants,
and the generation of other air pollutants and greenhouse gases?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are restrictions on ozone-depleting substances in place for Heating,
Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC-R) systems?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Restrictions on Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) -based refrigerants.
Restrictions on ozone-depleting substances in fire suppression systems.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are clean construction practices encouraged?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Verified diesel retrofit technologies.
Local government construction contract specification requirements, e.g.,
vehicle emissions, dust control, idle reduction policies.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
C) Are high efficiency appliances encouraged or required?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
ENERGY STAR appliances.
• Heating element specifications.
O Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION C.3 TOTALS
R:
G:
SECTION CTOTALS
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Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments ASSESSMENT | Section C.3
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c.
c. i. i. -»• •
General Energy Code Information
• U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Building Energy
Code Program (BECP) - Works with other government agencies, state and local jurisdictions, national code
organizations, and industry to promote stronger building energy codes and help states adopt, implement, and
enforce those codes. Provides resources on national model energy codes, http://www.energycodes.gov/
* DOE EERE - Technical Assistance to States - Specialized technical assistance to the states in the form of
economic analysis, code comparisons, webcast training, and compliance material development requested
by states to help them adopt, upgrade, implement, and enforce their building energy codes. http://www.
energycodes.gov/implement/state_tech_assist.stm
» Building Codes Assistance Project (BCAP) - Delivers state-based code advocacy on behalf of the DOE's
BECP; serves as clearinghouse on energy code information; develops resources to support code compliance;
and provides energy code trainings and workshops, http://bcap-energy.org/
* BCAP's Online Code Environment & Advocacy Network (OCEAN) - An interactive, web-based resource
designed to share lessons learned, best practices, educational resources and key facts as they relate to building
energy code adoption and implementation, http://bcap-ocean.org/
• Best Practices for State Building Energy Code Policy: Improving Energy Efficiency through Building
Energy Codes Policy - "Top five best practice policy measures States and municipalities can use to
incorporate and enhance current model energy codes into local laws." http://bcap-energy.org/files/Best_
Practices_Policiesl .pdf
* MA Optional Stretch Energy Code - As Appendix to MA building code (threshold question of does the
organizations local jurisdiction have authority to exceed any state requirements?) IECC 2009 Codes with
Appendix. http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eopsmodulechunk&L=3&LO=Home&Ll=Public+Safety+Agencie
s&L2=Massachusetts+Department+of+Public+Safety&sid=Eeops&b=terminalcontent&f=dps_bbrs_build_
code_changes_public_hearing&csid=Eeops
• Boulder, CO, HERS Rating Home Code:
» Requires that a bigger home will need a better score, http://www.bouldercolorado.gov/index.
php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8444&Itemid=22
» Boulder adopts 2006 IECC for residential and community building efficiency = HERS Index of 100.
» HERS certificate required for Certificate of Occupancy.
» Adopt energy policies in Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE). http://www.
dsireusa.org/
» Federal Incentives/Policies for Renewables and Efficiency, http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/index.
cfm?state=us&re=l&EE=l
» Washington, D.C. Building Code of 2008 - Adopts Energy Efficient Codes Coalition 30 percent Solution;
performance path of 30 percent solution begins on p. 382. http://dcra.dc.gov/dcra/frames.asp?doc=/dcra/lib/
dcra/2008constructioncodes!2_26_08.pdf
Energy Rating Information
» ENERGY STAR - Includes a variety of "tried-and-true" energy-efficient features that contribute to improved
building quality and tenant comfort, and lowers energy demand and reduces air pollution. http://www.
energystar.gov/
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section C.I
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Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) - Includes information on energy audits and rating
processes, and also includes a directory to certified energy auditors and raters and qualified contractors and
builders, http://www.resnet.us/
HERS Rating - "A home energy rating involves an analysis of a home's construction plans and onsite
inspections. Based on the homes plans, the Home Energy Rater uses an energy efficiency software package
to perform an energy analysis of the homes design. This analysis yields a projected, pre-construction HERS
Index." http://www.resnet.us/home-energy-ratings
Energy Consumption Monitoring Information
Berkeley, CA, Residential Energy Conservation Ordinance - First city in the nation to require efficiency
upgrades for residential buildings at the point of sale; requires homes to meet CA Title 24 Energy Code
requirements when improvements valued at S50K or more are made. Before the transfer of title can occur, the
seller must have an energy inspection to verify performance. http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/
Planning_and_Development/Level_3_-_Energy_and_Sustainable_Development/Residential%20Energy%20
Conservation%20Ordinance%20Compliance%20Guide%202008.pdf
California Assembly Bill 1065 - Standards to progressively reduce energy consumption from offsite sources.
http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_1051-1100/ab_1065_bill_20100104_amended_asm_v97.pdf
District of Columbia Bill 17-0492 The Clean and Affordable Energy Act of 2008 - Washington, D.C. law
requiring ENERGY STAR benchmarking of all government buildings. http://www.dccouncil.washington.
dc.us/images/00001/20080804150618.pdf
Energy Efficiency Incentive Information
Green Building Incentives - Offered through the state of Indiana, Duke Energy, South Central Indiana Rural
Electrical Membership Corporation (REMC), and the city of Bloomington. http://bloomington.in.gov/green-
bu ilding-in cen tives
DSIRE - A comprehensive source of information on state, local, utility, and federal incentives and policies that
promote renewable energy and energy efficiency. Established in 1995 and funded by the DOE, DSIRE is an
ongoing project of the N.C. Solar Center and the Interstate Renewable Energy Council. http://www.dsireusa.
org/
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) - Green building incentive strategies, http://www.usgbc.org/
DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2078
Light Pollution Reduction Information
International Dark-Sky Association - Information on preserving the nighttime environment through quality
outdoor lighting, http://www.darksky.org
Outdoor Lighting Code Handbook - Discusses issues relative to outdoor lighting codes, their effectiveness,
implementation, and enforcement. "Pattern code" included, to be modified for each community's needs.
http://data.nextrionet.com/site/idsa/Lighting%20Code%20Handbook.pdf
Simple Guidelines for Lighting Regulations - For small communities, urban neighborhoods, and
subdivisions. http://docs.darksky.org/Codes/SimpleGuidelines.pdf
Light Levels SmartCode Module - Supplements the Center for Applied Transect Studies SmartCode. http://
transect.org/docs/LightLevels.pdf
IBS - Recognized technical authority on illumination. Its objective has been to communicate information on
all aspects of good lighting practice to its members, to the lighting community, and to consumers, through a
variety of programs, publications, and services, http://www.ies.org
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section C.I
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Other Information
» ENERGY STAR - A joint program of the EPA and the DOE. Provides information regarding energy efficient
products and practices, http://www.energystar.gov/
* EPA's Clean Energy Information Resources Database (CEIRD) - Describes key resources and
documents relevant to the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, http://cfpub.efa.gov/ceird/index.
cfm?fuseaction=napee,search_js
» DOE EERE - EERE programs on biomass, building technologies, federal energy management, geothermal
technologies, hydrogen, fuel cells, and infrastructure technologies, industrial technologies, solar energy
technologies, wind and hydropower technologies, and weatherization. http://www.eere.energy.gov/
» ASHRAE - ASHRAE advances heat, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration to serve humanity and
promote a sustainable world through research, standards writing, publishing and continuing education, http://
www.ashrae.org
» DSIRE - "Comprehensive source of information on state, local, utility, and federal incentives and policies that
promote renewable energy, and energy efficiency, http://www.dsireusa.org/
» American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy - A non-profit dedicated to advancing energy efficiency
as a means of promoting economic prosperity, energy security, and environmental protection.www.aceee.org
» Alliance to Save Energy - The Alliance to Save Energy is a non-profit coalition of business, government,
environmental, and consumer leaders, http://ase.org/
* American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy - Nonprofit that does technical and policy analysis,
works with companies and organizations, advises policymakers and managers, and promotes energy-efficiency
education. Publications for purchase, http://aceee.org/
» DOE EERE Building Technologies Program - "Partners with the private sector, state and local governments,
national laboratories, and universities...to improve efficiency of buildings and the equipment, components,
and systems within them. The program supports research and development activities and provides tools,
guidelines, training, and access to technical and financial resources." http://wwwl.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
index.html
Wind Energy Information
» American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) - AWEA promotes wind energy as a clean source of electricity
for consumers around the world, www.awea.org/
* National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Wind Systems Integration - NREL provides studies and
resources for the integration of wind power into traditional utility systems as well as state wind resource maps
for the assessment of local wind, http://www.nrel.gov/wind/systemsintegration/
» Eagle County, CO, Performance-Based Permitting System - Awards points for producing wind energy.
http://www.eaglecounty.us/
» Nevada, IA, Zoning Regulations - Allows Small WECS by right in the industrial districts and by special use
permit in all other districts, subject to performance standards. WECS are exempt from the general height
restrictions of the zoning districts, but height is limited through a use standard, http://www.ci.nevada.ia.us/
default.php
Solar Energy Information
* American Solar Energy Society - The American Solar Energy Society is the nations leading association of
solar professionals and advocates, www.ases.org
» DOE, Building America Best Practices for High-Performance Technologies: Solar Thermal and
Photovoltaic (PV) Systems - The Rocky Mountain Land Use Institute states that "in the last five years,
Green for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section C.2
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advances in technology have resulted in PV systems that can be installed in some roofing systems to make
them nearly invisible - providing an alternative to traditional panels in areas where aesthetics are of significant
concern (e.g. historic districts)." http://appsl.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/building_
america/41085.pdf
Gresham, OR, Development Code, Solar Access Standard - See Appendix 8: Solar Access; also A8.02 for
Exceptions to Setback Requirements for Solar Energy Collecting Structures, http://greshamoregon.gov/city/
city-departments/planning-services/development-planning/template.aspx?id=3586
City of Berkeley, CA, Title #23 (Zoning Ordinance) Section 23D.04 - Lot and development standards
including solar energy equipment standards. http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Clerk/Level_3_-_
BMCIBMC-Part2-032508.pdf
Pullman, WA, Development Code, Planned Residential Development Section 17.107 - Incentives for solar
access. http://www.pullman-wa.gov/Content/WYSIWYG/CityCode/ZoningCode/17.107_Planned_Res._Dev.
pdf
Teton County, WY, Solar Access Regulations - Registration of the right to solar access as a property right.
http://clerkl.state.wy.us/plan/docs/ComprehensivePlan/Resolutions/Solar.pdf
DSIRE Solar: Electric and Thermal - A comprehensive source of information on state, local, utility, and
federal incentives and policies that promote the adoption of solar technologies, http://www.dsireusa.org/
solar/index.cfm?ee=l&RE=l&spf=l&st=l
Inspector Guidelines for PV Systems - These guidelines provide a framework for the permitting
and inspection of PV systems. www.irecusa.org/fileadmin/user_upload/NationalOutreachPubs/
InspectorGuidelines-Version2.1.pdf
Geothermal Energy Information
GeoExchange Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium - Partnership between the DOE, EPA, the nations
electric utilities, and the GeoExchange heat pump industry. Find a geothermal manufacturer/contractor by
state or province, http://www.geoexchange.org
On-site Generation and Interconnection to the Utility Grid Information
Standards Board of the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Standard 1547 -
"Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems." http://grouper.ieee.org/
groups/scc21/dr_shared/
This standard has several components:
« IEEE 1547.1 2005 Standard for Conformance Tests Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems.
» IEEE 1547.2 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with
Electric Power Systems.
» IEEE 1547.3 2007 Guide For Monitoring, Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources
Interconnected with Electric Power Systems.
« IEEE PI 547.4 Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island
Systems with Electric Power Systems.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) - Has issued standard procedures and a standard
interconnection agreement for the interconnection of generators to the power grid. The rules differ depending
on whether the generator is larger or smaller than 20 megawatts, www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/
gi.asp
The DSIRE Database - Lists state interconnection rules, tvtvtv.dstreusa.org/
California Rule 21 - Standards for interconnection of distributed energy resources, www.energy.ca.gov/
distgen/interconnection/california_requirements.html
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments | Section C.2
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» DOE Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) Interconnection and Permitting Guide - The
Interconnection and Permitting Guide is designed to assist Federal energy managers in navigating through the
wealth of interconnection and permitting information available on the Internet, http://wwwl.eere.energy.gov/
femp/technologies/derchp_ipg.html
Renewable Energy Information
* American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) - "ACORE is an organization of member companies
and institutions that are dedicated to moving renewable energy into the mainstream of Americas economy,
ensuring the success of the renewable energy industry while helping to build a sustainable and independent
energy future for the nation." www.acore.org
• Green-e - Certifies renewable energy generators to promote retail, green electricity, http://www.green-e.org/
Offsite Renewable Energy - Green Power Information
• EPA Green Power Partnership - Voluntary program supporting the organizational procurement of green
power by offering expert advice, technical support, tools, and resources, http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/
* DOE: The Green Power Network - Information network on the green power market including green power
providers, product offerings, consumer protection issues, policies affecting green power markets, as well as a
reference library, http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/
• Green Power Locators by state:
» EPA. http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/pubs/gplocator.htm
» Green Power Network, http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/buying/buying_power.shtml
Other Information
* ASHRAE - ASHRAE advances heat, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration to serve humanity and
promote a sustainable world through research, standards writing, publishing and continuing education, http://
www.ashrae.org
* DOE Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy - Programs on biomass, building technologies, federal energy
management, geothermal technologies, hydrogen, fuel cells, and infrastructure technologies, industrial
technologies, solar energy technologies, wind and hydropower technologies, and weatherization. http://www.
eere. energy.gov/
C.3.
Atmospheric Quality Protection Information
• EPA Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program - "Evaluates and regulates substitutes for the
ozone-depleting chemicals that are being phased out under the stratospheric ozone protection provisions of
the Clean Air Act (CAA)." http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/index.html
* EPA Clean Construction USA - "Clean Construction USA, part of the NCDC, is an innovative program
designed to promote the reduction of diesel emissions from construction equipment and vehicles." http://
www.epa.gov/diesel/construction/index.htm
* EPA's Sample Construction Air Quality Language and Specifications - "A compilation of language used in
contracts, codes, laws, rules and other measures for addressing air quality issues, particularly diesel emissions,
from construction equipment and other diesel sources." www.epa.gov/diesel/construction/contract-lang.htm
* Retrofitting Strategies - Discusses strategies to reduce emissions from construction equipment, www.epa.
gov/diesel/construction/strategies.htm
* EPA Verified Technologies - Lists the diesel retrofit technologies that EPA has approved for use in engine
retrofit programs, www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/verif-list.htm
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section C.3
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EPA's Cleaner Diesel Makes Good Business Sense - Low cost ways to cleaner construction, www.epa.gov/
otaq/diesel/documentsl420f08008.pdf
ENERGY STAR - Locate ENERGY STAR appliances, www.energystar.gov
Other Information
ASHRAE - ASHRAE advances heat, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration to serve humanity and
promote a sustainable world through research, standards writing, publishing and continuing education, http://
www.ashrae.org
for Governments RESOURCES | Section C.3
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D.
D.I W1 . r. 'r>,. ;.. r'-;c ;. ';.- -' , •• : •„,-'.
Objective: To increase water efficiency and conserve water within buildings by using innovative
plumbing systems.
Rationale: Increasing water efficiency and conserving water reduces water bills and leaves more water
in rivers, lakes, and other freshwater sources. Water conservation also reduces the burden
on municipal water supply and wastewater systems; saves energy from reduced amounts of
water pumped, treated, and distributed; and reduces wastewater treatment collection.
D.I.I Do the codes/ordinances: Allow for water use reduction through innovative plumbing systems and
individual metering?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Is the use of high efficiency and innovative plumbing fixtures and fittings,
such asWaterSense labeled, encouraged to reduce water consumption?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Requirement for WaterSense homes.
• Incentives, such as rebate programs or property tax forgiveness.
• Upgrade plumbing code for high efficiency fixtures.
• Composting toilet information.
Assessment of Specific Question
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
b) Are there provisions in place that encourage individual metering in
multifamily units to reduce water consumption?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Revise code for multi-family buildings.
• Water metering information.
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
C) Is the reuse of air conditioning condensate water encouraged to reduce
unnecessary use of potable water?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Air conditioning condensate water reuse.
• Upgrade plumbing code.
Q Required by code/ordinance
Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
| Section D.I
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D.I.I Do the codes/ordinances: Allow for water use reduction through innovative plumbing systems and
individual metering?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
d) Is the use of rainwater harvesting systems allowed within the community
for outdoor irrigation to reduce unnecessary use of potable water?
Is the water from rainwater systems allowed for indoor use such as toilet
flushing to reduce unnecessary use of potable water?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Rainwater harvesting model ordinances.
Rainwater harvesting plan requirements.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Is the use of gray water systems encouraged for outdoor irrigation to
reduce unnecessary use of potable water?
Is the water from gray systems allowed for indoor use such as toilet
flushing to reduce unnecessary use of potable water?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Gray water model ordinances.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION D.I TOTALS
R:
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ASSESSMENT | Section D.I
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D.2 Innovative Wastewater Treatment
Objective: To reduce wastewater generation and potable water demand while increasing the local
aquifer recharge.
Rationale: Treating wastewater more effectively and efficiently reduces the amount of wastewater
generated. Also, reducing the water sent to on-site wastewater treatment systems may
improve the overall process performance by reducing the hydraulic loading and, in some
cases, providing a more stable wastewater flow.
D.2.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Promote the infiltration of wastewater onsite?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are natural systems, like constructed wetlands or other innovative
infiltration systems, encouraged as a means to infiltrate treated wastewater
onsite?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Constructed wetlands information.
Innovative wastewater reuse.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are publicly owned decentralized and/or innovative on-site wastewater
treatment systems encouraged to capture or reuse reclaimed wastewater?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Packaged biological nutrient removal systems.
High efficiency filtration systems.
Non-traditional septic tanks.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION D.2 TOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section D.2
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D.3 Water-Efficient Landscaping and Landscape Irrigation
Objective: To reduce or eliminate the use of potable water or natural water resources for landscape
maintenance.
Rationale: Water-efficient landscaping offers many economic and environmental benefits that
can include lower water bills, decreased energy use, reduced irrigation water use,
reduced landscaping and labor maintenance, and conservation of natural resources and
preservation of habitat. When irrigation is needed, water-efficient irrigation offers many
environmental and economic benefits over traditional irrigation.
D.3.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Limit the use of water resources for a building's landscape maintenance?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Is there a requirement for using plants that will reduce the use of water for
landscape maintenance?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Grouping plants according to their water needs, or using native and low-
water-use or drought resistant plants.
• Xeriscaping ordinances that, when possible, include the state-adopted plant
species list.
b) Are there limitations to the amount of turf area around a building's
perimeter?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Limiting turf areas to those needed for practical uses.
Assessment of Specific Question
g Q Required by code/ordinance
" Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
™ but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
f LJ Required by code/ordinance
" Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
D.3.2 Do the codes/ordinances: Limit the use of potable water resources to irrigate a building's landscape?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are alternatives to using potable water for outside irrigation, such as
rainwater, grey water, and reclaimed wastewater, encouraged?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Rainwater ordinances.
• Grey water ordinances.
• Reclaimed wastewater information.
• Upgrade plumbing code.
• Incentives such as tax reductions, rebates.
Assessment of Specific Question
f Q Required by code/ordinance
** Q Incentivized
Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n Q Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section D.3
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D.3.2 Do the codes/ordinances: Limit the use of potable water resources to irrigate a building's landscape?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
b) Is the use of high efficiency irrigation systems (such moisture sensors, drip
vs. spray) encouraged?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
WaterSense labeled irrigation systems.
Assessment of Specific Question
f Q Required by code/ordinance
" Q Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
O Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n O Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION D.3 TOTALS
R:
G:
SECTION D TOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments &' ASSESSMENT | Section D.3
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D.
i).. "i..
Water Reduction Incentive Information
« Green Building Incentives - Offered through the state of Indiana, Duke Energy, South Central Indiana
REMC, and the city of Bloomington. http://bloomington.in.gov/green-building-incentives
® USGBC - Green building incentive strategies. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2078
Composting Toilets Information
* EPA Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet - Fact sheet on composting toilets, http://www.epa.gov/owm/
mtb/comp.pdf
• Composting Toilet World - An organization dedicated to providing reliable information on composting
toilets, http://www.compostingtoilet.org/
Water Efficiency and Metering Information
® EPA Water Efficiency & Conservation - Program guide to water efficiency, http://www.epa.gov/
waterinfrastructure/wec_wp.htm
• EPA Cases in Water Conservation - How efficiency programs help water utilities save water and avoid costs.
http://www.epa.gov/owm/water-efficiency/docs/utilityconservation_508.pdf
" EPA Top Ten Water Management Techniques - Top ten water management techniques that have proven
helpful in managing water use at facilities throughout the EPA. http://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water/
techniques.htm
Rainwater Harvest/Reuse Information
" Tucson and Southern Arizona Water Harvesting Resources - Rain Water Harvesting and Grey Water Reuse
Resources, http://watershedmg.org/sites/default/files/docs/raingraywaterrev.pdf
« Tucson, AZ, Rainwater Collection and Distribution Requirements, Ordinance 10597, 2008 - Requires
offset of 50 percent for landscape water demand using harvested rainwater, http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/water/
docs/rainwaterord.pdf
" EPA Rainwater Harvesting Handbook - Managing wet weather with green infrastructure, http://www.epa.
gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_harvesting.pdf
« ARCSA - Rainwater Harvesting Resources and Publications, http://www.arcsa.org/resources.html
" Tucson, AZ, Commercial Rainwater Harvesting Ordinance - First city in the U.S. to require rainwater
harvesting for 50 percent of landscape water demand, http://www.tucsonaz.gov/ocsd/sustainability/water/
rainwaterharvesting.php
" EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Municipal Handbook - Sample rainwater
harvesting policies and documents to help local officials implement green infrastructure in their communities.
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_harvesting.pdf
Grey water Regulation Information
" AZ Greywater Law - Three-tiered law (requirements designated by <400 gallons per day (gpd), >400 gpd, and
>3,000 gpd categorization) permits use in new construction and remodels, http://oasisdesign.net/greywater/
law/improve/ImprovementsToGWlaws.pdf
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section D.I
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< Tucson, AZ, Residential Greywater Ordinance 10579, 2008 - Effective June, 1, 2010. For new single family
and duplex residential units, install segregated drains for greywater and blackwater plumbing fixtures to allow
future greywater distribution systems, http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/water/docs/graywaterord.pdf
Other Information
i WaterSense - An EPA-sponsored partnership program, including WaterSense labeled homes that seeks to
protect the future of the nations water supply by promoting water efficiency and enhancing the market for
water-efficient products, programs, and practices, http://www.epa.gov/watersense/
• Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE) - See latest information documents, template of suggested maximum
water use thresholds and the standards (such as ASTM, WaterSense). http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.
org/
' EPA Protecting Water Resources with Smart Growth - Offers specific ideas on how techniques for smarter
growth can be used to protect their water resources. Section I focuses on smart growth techniques at the
regional level and Section II on site level techniques of local governments for the minimization of impacts of
new development on water resources. http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/water_resource.htm
• EPA Growing Toward More Efficient Water Use: Linking Development, Infrastructure, and Drinking
Water Policies - Three sections detail: land use decisions and water systems, smart growth can help
communities reduce costs and conserve water, and policy options to better manage water demand, http://
www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/water_efficiency.htm
: ' ' n.
Innovative Wastewater Treatment Information
' Innovative Treatment Technologies for Wastewater and Water Reuse - EPA research to addresses the
dynamic requirements for improved water quality and the growing demands for safe and reliable reclaimed
wastewater and stormwater. http://www.epa.gov/awi/res_technologies.html
i EPA Office of Wastewater Management - Municipal technologies for wastewater and stormwater assistance
such as constructed wetlands and decentralized systems, http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/
' Living Machine at the Oberlin College Environmental Studies Center in Ohio - Flow trends and oxygen
trends graphed daily, tour of the installed system, and general wastewater treatment information. http://www.
oberlin.edu/ajlc/systems_lm_l.html
i Omega Center for Sustainable Living Machine - Called "The Eco-Machine." http://eomega.org/omega/
about/ocsl/eco-machine/
D.3.Wate:i n •. -.i < I
Water Efficient Landscaping Information
• Sustainable Sites Initiative: The Case for Sustainable Landscapes - Considered a companion volume to
the larger report The Sustainable Sites Initiative: Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks 2009, cited in
Sustainable Sites category. http://www.sustainablesites.org/report/The%20Case%20for%20Sustainable%20
Landscapes_2009.pdf
' EPA GreenScapes - "Cost-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for landscaping...encouraging
holistic decisions regarding waste generation and disposal and the associated impacts on land, water, air, and
energy use." Regional info and online calculating tools available, http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/
green scap es/in dex. h tm
' Georgia Xeriscape Guide - A guide to developing water-wise landscaping, http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/
caespubs/pubs/PDF/B1073.pdf
Sustainable and Green Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section D.2
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Landscape Irrigation Information
Tucson, AZ, Rainwater Collection and Distribution Requirements, Ordinance 10597, 2008 - Requires
offset of 50 percent for landscape water demand using harvested rainwater, http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/water/
docs/rainwaterord.pdf
Georgia Xeriscape Guide - A guide to developing water-wise landscaping, http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/
caespubs/pubs/PDF/B1073.pdf
Rainwater Harvest/Reuse Information
Tucson and Southern Arizona Water Harvesting Resources - Rain Water Harvesting and Grey Water Reuse
Resources, http://watershedmg.org/sites/default/files/docs/raingraywaterrev.pdf
Tucson, AZ, Rainwater Collection and Distribution Requirements, Ordinance 10597, 2008 - Requires
offset of 50 percent for landscape water demand using harvested rainwater, http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/water/
docs/rainwaterord.pdf
EPA Rainwater Harvesting Handbook - Managing wet weather with green infrastructure, http://www.epa.
gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_harvesting.pdf
ARCSA - Rainwater Harvesting Resources and Publications, http://www.arcsa.org/resources.html
Tucson, AZ, Commercial Rainwater Harvesting Ordinance - First city in the U.S. to require rainwater
harvesting for 50 percent of landscape water demand, http://www.tucsonaz.gov/ocsd/sustainability/water/
rainwaterharvesting.php
EPA Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure: Municipal Handbook - Sample rainwater
harvesting policies and documents to help local officials implement green infrastructure in their communities.
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/gi_munichandbook_harvesting.pdf
Grey water Regulation Information
AZ Greywater Law - Three-tiered law (requirements designated by <400 gpd, >400 gpd, and >3,000 gpd
categorization) permits use in new construction and remodels, http://oasisdesign.net/greywater/law/improve/
ImprovementsToGWlaws.pdf
Tucson, AZ, Residential Greywater Ordinance 10579, 2008 - Effective June, 1, 2010. For new single family
and duplex residential units, install segregated drains for greywater and blackwater plumbing fixtures to allow
future greywater distribution systems, http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/water/docs/graywaterord.pdf
Other Information
Watershed Management Group - Non-profit AZ-based group that provides information and resources on
Water Harvesting, Sustainable Landscaping, Water Quality, and Stormwater. http://watershedmg.net/
Sustainable Design and Green ByiidSnq Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section D.3
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Assessment
E. Indoor Environmental Air Quality
E.I Minimum Air Quality Performance
Objective: To establish minimum IAQ performance to enhance the IAQ in a building.
Rationale: Enhancing IAQ increases the comfort, health, and overall wellbeing of the occupants.
This in turn increases productivity, decreases absenteeism, reduces health care claims, and
minimizes remediation.
E.I.I Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for healthy indoor environmental air quality?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Are there minimum ventilation requirements that are protective of IAQ
while minimizing energy loss?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Residential:
Most recent American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/ASHRAE Standard,
such as 62.2.
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
Commercial:
Most recent ANSI/ASHRAE Standard, such as 62.7 or 2009 International
Mechanical Code ventilation rates.
System-Level Design:
Outdoor airflow rates calculated based on the zone-level design outdoor
airflow rates.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are there requirements for controlling indoor particulate matter?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Minimum particulate matter filter ratings required.
Permanent entryway track-off systems.
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
C) Are smoking bans in place?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Smoking bans inside the building.
Minimum setbacks of designated smoking areas from the building entrance.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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ASSESSMENT | Section E.I
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E.I.I Do the codes/ordinances: Provide for healthy indoor environmental air quality?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
d) Is outdoor air delivered in a manner that promotes occupant health?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
• Outdoor air delivery monitoring device requirements.
Installation of ozone-removing filters in areas with high levels of outdoor
ozone.
Preventing airflow from garage into the building.
Vapor barriers when indicated.
Radon control systems or barriers when indicated.
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
Assessment of Specific Question
g Q Required by code/ordinance
" Q Incentivized
] Expressly allowed
Q Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
n O Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
O Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION E.I TOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
59
ASSESSMENT | Section E.I
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E.2 Low-Emitting Materials
Objective: To reduce the number of indoor air contaminants that could be irritating, harmful, or
odorous to building occupants.
Rationale: Low-emitting materials release fewer Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and other
harmful chemicals into the air. These chemicals are found in higher concentrations indoors
and can cause a variety of different health problems, such as eye, nose, and throat irritation;
headaches; and kidney and liver damage.
E.2.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Minimize occupant exposure to potentially irritating, harmful, or odorous air
contaminants?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
a) Are low-emitting materials encouraged for adhesives, sealants, paints,
coatings, and aerosols?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Minimum adhesives, sealant, paints and coatings emission requirements
(as determined by applicable standards, such as California/Department of
Homeland Security/Environmental Health Laboratory Branch-R-174 (CA/
DHS/EHLB/R-174), Green Seal Standard CS- 7 7, South Coast Air Quality
Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 7 7 73, orCreen Seal Standard CC-36).
Carpet, adhesives, and cushion qualify for Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI)
Green Label Plus or Green Label testing program.
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
Assessment of Specific Question
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are low-emitting materials encouraged for floor coverings?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Minimum floor covering emission requirements (as determined by applicable
standards, such as CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174).
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Are low-emitting materials encouraged for composite material?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Minimum composite wood and agrifiberproduct emission requirements
(as determined by applicable standards, such as California Air Resource
Board's regulation, Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde
Emissions for Composite Wood Products or CA/DHS/EHLB/R- 7 74).
Certified low-formaldehyde pressed wood materials used.
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
d) Are low-emitting materials encouraged for office furniture systems and
seating?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Minimum office furniture system and seating emission requirements (as
determined by applicable standards, such as ANSI/Business and Institutional
Furniture Manufacturer's Association (BIFMA) Standard M7.1).
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
60
ASSESSMENT | Section E.2
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E.2.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Minimize occupant exposure to potentially irritating, harmful, or odorous air
contaminants?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
Are low-emitting materials encouraged for ceiling and wall systems?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Minimum ceiling and wall system emission requirements (as determined by
applicable standards, such as CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174).
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
f) Is building design that minimizes pest exposure encouraged?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Foundation joints and penetrations sealed, including air-tight sump covers.
Corrosion-proof rodent or bird screens installed at all openings that cannot
be fully sealed (e.g., attic vents).
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTIONED TOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
67
ASSESSMENT | Section E.2
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E.3 Moisture Control
Objective: To prevent moisture from entering the building system through the exterior shell of
the building; planned holes, such as windows, light switches, and electrical outlets; and
unplanned gaps and leaks due to poor building design or construction.
Rationale: Moisture entering the building is the primary reason for building deterioration.
Controlling moisture can increase the buildings durability and longevity. Furthermore,
moisture problems can lead to mold and other biological pollutants that can harm health.
A variety of moisture control features, including improved control condensation and better
roof, wall, and foundation drainage, can minimize these health risks.
£.3.1 Do the codes/ordinances: Protect the building and occupants from moisture damage?
Specific Question and Potential Tools and Techniques
Assessment of Specific Question
a) Do construction requirements mitigate moisture damage?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Ordinance requiring construction plans that include protecting absorptive
materials from moisture damage during construction and installation.
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
b) Are provisions or technologies in place to mitigate moisture-related
problems?
POTENTIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
Air barriers.
Housewraps.
Capillary breaks below concrete slabs and in crawlspaces.
Building continuous drainage planes behind exterior cladding, properly
flashed to foundation.
Damp or water-proof foundation walls.
• Insulated basement and foundation walls.
Window and door openings and roof or wall intersections fully flashed.
Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications for homes.
G
Y
Required by code/ordinance
Incentivized
Expressly allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but typically allowed
Code/ordinance silent,
but not typically approved
Expressly prohibited
G:
SECTION E.3 TOTALS
R:
G:
SECTION ETOTALS
R:
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
ASSESSMENT | Section E.3
-------
E. Air
E , • . "
Air Quality Performance Information
* EPA Indoor airPLUS - "Created to help builders meet the growing consumer preference for homes with
improved IAQ." Available construction specifications focus on seven areas, including "the careful selection
of and installation of moisture control systems; HVAC systems; combustion-venting systems; radon resistant
construction; and low-emitting building materials." http://epa.gov/indoorairplus/index.html
• EPA Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers - Provides practical
suggestions on preventing, identifying, and resolving IAQ problems in public and commercial buildings.
http://www. epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/baqtoc. html
* EPA The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality - A booklet on reducing the risk from existing sources
of indoor air pollution and to prevent new problems from occurring, http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.
html
• Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for
Occupied Buildings Under Construction - Trade association that publishes voluntary technical standards
and manuals that address many areas of the sheet metal industry. Requires membership. http://www.smacna.
org/
Other Information
• ASHRAE - ASHRAE advances heat, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration to serve humanity and
promote a sustainable world through research, standards writing, publishing and continuing education, http://
www.ashrae.org
* SMACNA - Voluntary technical standards and manuals, http://www.smacna.org/
• The American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation - Contains a database of U.S. tobacco control laws and
ordinances, www.no-smoke.org
Low-Emitting Materials Information
* CRI Recommended IAQ Specifications - For carpet floor covering adhesive, and carpet cushion, http://
www.carpet-rug.org/technical_bulletins/0102_Recommended_IAQ_Specifications.pdf
• GREENGUARD Certification for Low-Emitting Products - GREENGUARD Environmental Institute
established performance based standards to define goods with low chemical and particle emissions for use
indoors, primarily building materials, interior furnishings, furniture, cleaning and maintenance products,
and electronic equipment - includes adhesives and sealants; wood-based and non-wood-based construction
materials; insulation; paints and coatings; and wall finishes, http://www.greenguard.org/
• Green Label - Advanced certification for carpet and adhesive products by the CRI that ensures carpets,
cushions, and adhesive products have low VOC emissions. CRI also developed the Green Label Plus program.
http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/
index.cfm
* Green Seal - Certifies products including electric chillers, paints and coatings, windows and doors, floor
finishes and strippers, institutional/industrial cleaners, etc. Find certified products and services. http://www.
carpet-rug.org/
Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section E.I
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» EPA SNAP - EPA's program to evaluate and regulate substitutes for the ozone-depleting chemicals that are
being phased out under the stratospheric ozone protection provisions of the CAA. http://www.epa.gov/ozone/
snap/index.html
» EPA Indoor airPLUS - "Created to help builders meet the growing consumer preference for homes with
improved IAQ." Available construction specifications focus on seven areas, including "the careful selection
of and installation of moisture control systems; HVAC systems; combustion-venting systems; radon resistant
construction; and low-emitting building materials." See Section 6: Low-Emission Materials, http://epa.gov/
indoorairpluslindex.html
» SCS: IAQ - "SCS offers three IAQ certification programs as part of its ongoing efforts to improve the
environmental performance of building products: Indoor Advantage™, Indoor Advantage Gold™, and
FloorScore*." Site includes information on IAQ standards and references, a Certification Manual, as well as
lists of certified IAQ products. http://www.scscertified.com/gbc/indoor_air_quality.php
» SCAQMD - SCAQMD "is the air pollution control agency for all of Orange County and the urban portions of
Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, the smoggiest region of the U.S." http://www.aqmd.gov/
» BIFMA - BIFMA develops voluntary product and industry standards that support safe, healthy and
sustainable environments; publishes key industry statistics; advocates for legislation and government
regulation that have a direct impact on the health of the industry; and facilitates meaningful dialog and
education to support their core services and the industry they serve, http://www.bifma.org/
« CRI - Green Label programs for carpets and adhesives. http://www.carpet-rug.org/
Moisture Control Information
» EPA Indoor airPLUS - "Created to help builders meet the growing consumer preference for homes with
improved IAQ." Available construction specifications focus on seven areas, including "the careful selection
of and installation of moisture control systems; HVAC systems; combustion-venting systems; radon resistant
construction; and low-emitting building materials." http://epa.gov/indoorairplus/index.html
Sustainable Green Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section E.3
-------
This section includes comprehensive green and sustainable codes and standards that are intended for
mandatory adoption and enforcement by building departments, and address many of the practices
recommended in this document. Note that these mandatory codes and standards are indirectly, and
sometimes directly, driven by voluntary programs including, but not limited to, LEED and local government
green building ordinances.
Other resources in this document may also be used to drive the future development of these codes and
standards.
ANSI, ASHRAE, IBS, and USGBC, producers of the LEED Rating Systems - ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/
IBS Standard 189.1 - Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings - Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings.
ANSI, the National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB), and ICC - ICC 700 - National Green Building
Standard (Applicable to residential construction, including high-rise, and is also administered on a voluntary
basis by the NAHB Resource Center).
ICC, AIA, and ASTM - The IgCC, which also references ICC-700 and ASHRAE 189.1, is applicable to
residential and commercial construction. A synopsis of the IgCC is available for free download on the ICC
Web site, www.iccsafe.org
USGBC
USGBC - Non-profit community of leaders working to make green buildings available to everyone within a
generation, www.usgbc.org
The Playbookfor Green Buildings + Neighborhoods - Provides local governments with guidance and
resources to rapidly advance green buildings, neighborhoods, and infrastructure, www.greenplaybook.org/
Roadmap to Sustainable Government Buildings - This document guides government staff and officials in
the development of a green building program based on the USGBC s LEED rating system. http://www.usgbc.
org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=5486
USGBC's Course Catalog - Green building education. www.usgbc.org/CourseCatalog/CourseCatalog.aspx
LEED Integration Guides - Including "The Paid-From-Savings Guide to Green Existing Buildings"
and "Green Office Guide: Integrating LEED into your Leasing Process." http://www.usgbc.org/Store/
PublicationsList_New.aspx?CMSPageID=1518
ICC
Code Adoption Resources - Including Code Adoption Toolkit downloads. "Briefing papers on technical
issues, samples of ordinances, endorsements and support materials from national organizations." http://www.
iccsafe.org/gr/Pages/resources.aspx
ICC Green Resources Center - Includes sections of resources for Green Building Design Tools and Resources
and Green Building Program/Initiative Development Tools and Information, http://www.iccsafe.org/
Communities/Green/Pages/ResourceCenter.aspx
ICC Communities of Interest - The community exists as a meeting place for ICC members who share
common interests in the environmental impact of the buildings and in creating and using healthier and more
resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition. http://www.
iccsafe.org/Communities/Pages/default.aspx
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section F
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National Home Builders Association
» ICC-700-2008 National Green Building Standard - Defines green building for single and multifamily
homes, residential remodeling projects, and site development projects. www.nahbgreen.org/Guidelines/
ansistandard.aspx
Green Tools
» Whole Building Design Guide - The goal of the guide is to create a successful high-performance building by
applying an integrated design and team approach to the project during the planning and programming phases.
www. wbdg. org/
• Resource for General Green Technologies: The National Association of Home Builders Research Center
- Created the ToolBase Services with funding from Housing and Urban Development Authority. Here, green
technologies and practices are detailed to include summaries, manufacturers, resources specific to the method,
where the technologies or practice lies in terms of code acceptance, as well as alternative methods. http://www.
toolbase.org/ToolbaseResources/level3.aspx?BucketID=2&CategoryID=17
» BCAP Code Builder Tool - Provides information on advanced codes, explains terminology, references
current practice of specific measures, and provides information on applicability. The Code Builder also serves
as a clearinghouse for next-generation code changes - including advances and green measures used in high
performance homes. For each area of the code builder (ventilation, insulation, etc.), there is a section called
"Policy Options" that shows examples of a jurisdictions code that has gone further in the "green" arena. Code
officials can reference the wording regarding specific areas of interest, http://bcap-energy.org/node/15
• The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE): Sustainability Tool - Offers assistance
on the following issues: energy and CO2 emissions, water use, adapting buildings for climate change, flood
risk, sustainable drainage systems, transport, ecology and biodiversity, pollution, health and wellbeing, waste,
lifecycle impacts of materials and equipment, local environment, and community, http://sustain.cibse.org/
» California Integrated Waste Management Board Sustainable Building Tool Kit - Research studies, http://
www. ciwmb. ca.gov/GreenBuilding/Toolkit. htm#Research
Government Resources
» USGBC Government Resources - State and local laws referencing, incorporating, and incentivizing LEED.
www.usgbc.org/government
» USGBC Public Policy Search - Search for existing public policies based on numerous criteria. Such as
level of government, date of passage, location, type of building, and LEED rating system. http://www.
usgbc.org/PublicPolicy/SearchPublicPolicies.aspx?PageID=1776
• USGBC Government Initiatives and Guidelines - Links to resources collected by USGBC staff and
members to facilitate green building research. www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=76#12
» LEED Public Policies - Government resources, www.usgbc.org/government
• Federal Initiatives. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1852#federal
* State Initiatives. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1852#state
• Municipal/City/County Initiatives. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.
aspx?CMSPageID=1852#local
• School Initiatives: Higher Education. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.
aspx?CMSPageID=1852#highered
• School Initiatives: K-12. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1852#K-12
• Green Building Incentive Strategies - Financial or structural incentive strategies. http://www.usgbc.
org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6248
» Example Legislation with LEED Standards for Public Buildings - The following bullets were copied
directly from the BCAP site (February 25, 2010). http://bcap-energy.org/node/l591tGreen
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section F
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» The District of Columbia City Council Enacted Legislation - Requires all new government
buildings to go green. By 2012, all new buildings larger than 50,000 square feet—public or
private—must conform to green standards. http://bcap-energy.org/files/Level%20II%20DC%20
LEED.pdf
• New Mexico Executive Order 2006-001 - Requires all new state buildings and major
renovations to meet The 2030 Challenges call for a 50 percent reduction in fossil-fuel energy
consumption from what traditional buildings use by using a LEED-based system. http://bcap-
energy.org/files/Level%20II%20NM%20EO%202006%20001%202030.pdf
» San Jose City Council Green Building Ordinance - Adopted on June 23, 2009. Establishes
requirements for new, private sector construction. New commercial or industrial buildings
25,000 square feet or greater must achieve LEED Silver certification. New residential
construction with 10 or more units must be LEED Certified or be GreenPoint Rated. New
residential construction over 75 feet must be LEED Certified. New commercial and industrial
buildings under 25,000 sq ft and new residential buildings with less than 10 units must complete
the LEED checklist. Projects requiring LEED certification must pay the Green Building
Refundable Deposit fees prior to a building permit being issued to ensure that the building will
achieve the green building requirements. http://www.sanjoseca.gov/clerk/Agenda/20090623/200
90623_0702ord.pdf
« Seattle, Washington City Council Bill 115524 - Amended the Land Use Code to allow a
developer to build at a higher density than is normally allowed under the code, so long as
the developer can certify that the building will be rated LEED Silver or its equivalent. The
amendment applies only to buildings in downtown commercial districts, http://bcap-energy.org/
files/Level%20II%20Seattle%20Ordinance%20LEED.pdf
» The South Carolina Legislature House Bill 3034 - Requires that all state-owned and state-
funded construction greater than 10,000 ft2 and any major renovation projects of greater than
50 percent of total building space or value achieve LEED-NC Silver certification or comparable
standard. With a focus on energy efficiency, the legislation specifically requires a minimum of
four credits earned in Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1, "Optimize Energy Performance." http://
bcap-energy.org/files/Level%20II%20SC%20HB3034%20LEED.pdf
« USGBC State and Local Government Toolkit 2002 - See how cities and regions across the country
have led the way in incorporating green building into local ordinances, incentives, and guidelines.
https://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=5323
Creating Communities of Change: What We Learned in the Codes Forest - Presentation by David
Eisenberg, Director of the Development Center for Appropriate Technology for the West Coast Green
Conference in 2007. http://www.dcat.net/resources/communitiesofchange_w-notes.pdf
California Green Building Standards Code - Scheduled to become effective on January 1, 2011, California
has adopted the nations first Green Building Standards Code. www.bsc.ca.gov/CALGreen/default.htm
Chicago Green Permitting Program - By Chicago Department of Construction and Permits. If accepted into
the program it would create an expedited permit process. The more green building elements in the project
plans, the shorter the timeline to obtain a permit. Commercial projects must earn various levels of certification
within the appropriate LEED system; smaller residential projects must earn a two-star rating under the
Chicago Green Homes program (checklist-based system for measuring green building elements developed
by the Chicago Department of Environment). In addition, many projects must apply certain strategies or
technologies selected from a list of menu items that enhance sustainability, expand affordability, stimulate
economic development, and increase accessibility. 3-tier benefit system based on qualities of plans; advanced
tiers for higher percent green roof in commercial category. http://www.iccsafe.org/Communities/Green/
Documents/Chicago_GreenPermitBrochure.pdf
Washington, D.C. Clean and Affordable Energy Act (Bill 17-0492) 2008 - Requires commercial property
owners to generate an Energy Star efficiency 'score' for their buildings that would then be made available to
the public by the District Department of the Environment (DDOE). Establishes Sustainable Energy Utility
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section F
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Advisory Board. Establishes renewable energy incentive program. Established Sustainable Energy and Energy
Assistance Trust Funds, http://www.dccoundl.washington.dc.us/images/00001/20080804150618.pdf
Washington, D.C. Green Building Act of 2006 - Phases in green buildings in the Washington, D.C.
community to be LEED certified and residential buildings to meet Green Communities Standards. Also
launches a green building incentive program as well as a Green Building Fund (offers expedited permit
processing and education to those who want to learn how to build green) and Green Building Advisory
Council, http://www.dccouncil.washington.dc.us/images/00001/20061218152322.pdf
Green Communities - Resource for Green Residential Standards and Guidance. http://www.
greencommunitiesonline.org/
Green Communities: Self-Certification Process - Written to be based on affordable housing communities.
The first national green building program focused entirely on affordable housing. Launched by Enterprise in
fall 2004, Green Communities is designed to help developers, investors, builders and policymakers make the
transition to a greener future for affordable housing, http://www.greencommunitiesonline.org/
* Green Communities Criteria - Explanations and organization of the standard. http://www.
practitionerresources.org/cache/documents/666/66641.pdf
• Green Single Family Rehab Specifications - Guide specifications for reference to meet mandatory and
optional 2008 Green Communities Criteria, http://www.greencommunitiesonline.org/tools/resources/
green_rehab_specs_gci_2008_criteria_final.pdf
Green Point Rating System - Residential, voluntary rating system developed by Build It Green, a nonprofit
organization of California. Rating systems for both single and multifamily new homes and existing homes are
to be updated every three years to reflect changes to California Building Energy Efficiency Standards, http://
www.builditgreen.org/greenpoint-rated
Compliance and Verification of Green Technologies Information
Washington, D.C. Green Building Act of 2006 - Requires commercial projects to verify compliance through
a District agency or a third party, http://www.dccouncil.washington.dc.us/images/00001/20061218152322.
pdf
Washington, D.C. Clean and Affordable Energy Act (Bill 17-0492) 2008 - Requires commercial property
owners to generate an Energy Star efficiency 'score' for their buildings that would then be made available to
the public by the DDOE. Establishes Sustainable Energy Utility Advisory Board. Establishes renewable energy
incentive program. Established Sustainable Energy and Energy Assistance Trust Funds. http://www.dccouncil.
washington.dc.us/images/00001/20080804150618.pdf
DOE Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Building Cost and Performance Metrics: Data and Collection
Protocol - For Building Cost and Performance Metric indicators, http://wwwl.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/
pnnll5217.pdf
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments RESOURCES | Section F
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Assessment Summary
A. Sustainable Sites and Responsible Land Use Development G
A. 1 Site Development and Preservation of Natural Areas
A.2 Promote Infill and Redevelopment
A.3 Construction Phase Pollution Control
A.4 Post-Construction Stormwater Management
A.5 Heat Island Effect
A.6 Light Pollution Reduction
SUBTOTAL
B. Materials and Resource Conservation
B. 1 Construction, Renovation, and Demolition Materials Management
B.2 Building Reuse
B.3 Material Reuse
B.4 Material Selection
SUBTOTAL
C. Energy Conservation and Atmospheric Quality
C. 1 Optimized Energy Performance
C.2 On-Site Renewable Energy
C.3 Atmospheric Quality Protection
SUBTOTAL
D. Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Management
D. 1 Water Use Reduction and Innovative Plumbing Systems
D.2 Innovative Wastewater Treatment
D. 3 Water-Efficient Landscaping and Landscape Irrigation
SUBTOTAL
E. Indoor Environmental Air Quality
E. 1 Minimum Air Quality Performance
E.2 Low-Emitting Materials
E.3 Moisture Control
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
^l^^l
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
69
ASSESSMENT | Summary
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Section 2: Creating an Action Plan
The purpose of an Action Plan is to help a community implement necessary regulatory and permitting changes to
allow for greater sustainable design. After completing the Assessment Tool and reviewing the Resource Guide, a
local government should have an understanding of where there are opportunities for improvement in its regulations.
The framework presented for the Action Plan is just one of many pathways to implementing changes in local
permitting processes. The framework was developed using approaches based on collaborative decision making,
change management, communication techniques, and by evaluating best practices from other local communities.
There are six steps to the Action Plan: (1) establishing priorities, (2) conducting an internal situation assessment, (3)
conducting an external situation assessment, (4) designing the plan, (5) implementing the plan, and (6) conducting
an evaluation. The six steps are detailed below.
The Action Plan Roadmap
1:
The Toolkit helped identify areas where codes/ordinances could be changed to implement sustainable design
practices within a community. Now that these categories have been identified an Action Plan can be developed. The
first step in creating an Action Plan is to list and prioritize all of the potential areas for improvement. The questions
below can help identify which areas of a community's codes/ordinances to tackle first.
« Are the potential changes predominantly in one category (e.g., Energy Conservation and Atmospheric Quality)
or are they randomly distributed (e.g., in all categories A-E)?
» Are the potential changes mostly Red or Yellow, as indicated by the assessment of the specific questions?
How many "Reds" versus "Yellows" are there?
» How many changes can the local government potentially handle at a given time? To answer this question
consider whether:
« The local government has a large enough staff to develop and implement the changes.
» The local government has the resources needed to develop and implement the changes.
» The staff has the technical expertise required to make the changes within each of the five Categories.
« It is more efficient to "bundle" the changes or implement them one-by-one over time.
Once a preliminary prioritized list is developed, the next step is to assess the local governments internal capability
for moving the change(s) through the permitting process. The next two steps in developing the Action Plan deal with
managing the expectations of internal and external stakeholders.
2:
This section assists the local government in identifying the internal stakeholders that will be affected by the
permitting change. These stakeholders can include: department staff, department management, administrative staff,
department decision-making teams, and any other internal organization that will be affected by the regulatory and
permitting change. Identifying these individuals will allow the most relevant stakeholders to be involved in the
change process and will also aid in getting complete buy-in from all internal parties. The following questions, though
not exhaustive, should be considered in order to gain a better understanding of the current internal conditions, and
how they will impact making code/ordinance updates:
» What departments and/or committees will be affected by code/ordinance changes?
« Who are the specific people that would be directly affected?
» What are their roles during the permitting process?
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» How would the proposed changes impact their roles or require that they change the way they currently
conduct their jobs?
» What additional data are needed to make decisions on potential permitting changes in order to adopt code/
ordinance changes?
« Would the information sharing process or internal structure, e.g., the inter-departmental dynamics that dictate
how permits are currently issued and enforced, need to be modified to accommodate the potential permitting
changes?
» What level of internal support does the local government have for permitting changes?
» Are there staff "champions" within appropriate departments or committees?
« Are there management support and management "champions?"
« To what extent are the changes consistent with the local governments policies, mission, or vision on sustainable
design? Or, would the proposed changes be creating a new local government focus on sustainability? Who would
be driving that change?
» How often are permitting changes (related to sustainable design) proposed and supported internally?
» Is this the first time this issue (or these issues) has been raised or have other efforts been attempted? What
was the result?
» If the permitting change was successfully implemented, what factors contributed to the internal support
(e.g., low cost, relative ease of adoption, low impact on staff time and resources)?
« If the permitting change was not successfully implemented, what factors contributed to the internal
opposition (e.g. high cost, relative difficulty of adoption, high impact on staff time and resources)?
» To what extent can the proposed permitting changes be tried on a limited scale (e.g., first start with commercial
development) before scaling up revised codes/ordinances for other development sectors (e.g., residential)?
» Would small scale application hurt or help promote the proposed changes?
3:
This section deals with external decisions and processes that need to be understood and managed in order to allow
for permitting changes that would support and increase sustainable design in a local government. Specifically, this
section will deal with identifying and talking with external stakeholders, obtaining stakeholder opinion, determining
affected interests, issue management, and consensus building processes.
» From the departments, committees, or individuals affected by code/ordinance changes in Step 1, which of these
has a strong interest from outside entities? The questions below can help answer this question:
» Is there a high level of elected officials' (e.g., city council) interest, engagement, and/or oversight?
« Are there frequent conversations with non-profit groups, developers, builders, etc. around the affected
department(s) and/or issue(s)?
» Is the department or the specific issue being addressed a frequent recipient of praise or concern from
external parties?
» How effective is the local governments ability to communicate with external parties:
» Shares information in a timely manner?
« Shares easily understandable information—the right amount and the right format?
» Knows how to make a compelling case for change?
« Understands expectations from the various external stakeholder groups?
» What additional data are needed to make decisions on potential regulatory changes from an external
perspective?
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» Are these data needs similar to internal needs?
» What level of external support does the local government have for the proposed regulatory changes?
» From elected officials?
« From the permittees or affected community—developers, builders, owners, etc.?
» From non-governmental and civic organizations—e.g., local watershed groups, local historic preservation
society, etc.?
« From civic leaders and the general public—is this an issue that has been raised with the public before?
« Is this an issue the public will actively care about?
» Does the local government need active public support in order for this permitting change to occur?
« To what extent are the changes consistent with the community's elected officials' policies, mission, or vision on
sustainable design?
» How often are regulatory changes (related to sustainable design) proposed and supported externally?
» What factors contributed to the external support? These could include whether:
» An elected official was a visible or vocal champion.
« The permittee or affected community was a visible or vocal champion.
» There was visible public support.
« The change was low cost or cost neutral for the local government.
» There was little organizational change needed.
« The impacts on local government staff and resources were minimal.
» Have other local governments of similar size, geographic location, etc., adopted similar regulatory changes?
» Is it helpful to external parties to know that the proposed regulatory or permitting process changes have
been implemented elsewhere?
« Is it helpful to external parties to know that the community would be the "first" (e.g., in the area, state,
region, etc.) to implement, change, or try something new?
« What is the timing of the potential regulatory change?
« Where is the community's local government in terms of the political process:
« Are the elected officials up for re-election or new to the local government?
» Is the change being proposed during a busy or slow regulatory season?
» Is the change occurring during a period of high economic growth or slow economic growth?
» Would a small scale application of proposed changes hurt or help promote the proposed changes within the local
government?
« Would a broader program (e.g., a sustainable design or green permitting program) hurt or help promote greater
sustainable design in the community?
4: the
Identify Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Issues
In order to create an effective Action Plan, the local government needs to know the strengths, weaknesses, and
opportunities for change. An effective Action Plan indicates that local government staff believes the changes can
make a positive difference, the local officials are supportive of change, the external stakeholders—from builders,
to civic groups, to the general public—are supportive of the changes, and the local community benefits. Potential
and Green Toolkit for Governments
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issues need to be identified up-front in the process. The local government should consider which sustainable
design practices will most likely be met with resistance in the community and by whom. For example, if the local
government knows a particular trade association has not typically been supportive of some sustainable design
elements, a conversation should be started with them early on in the process. It is difficult to anticipate and foresee
every possible issue up-front in the process; however, taking the time to think through potential issues can be
beneficial in managing and addressing potential stakeholder expectations and concerns.
This section builds on the information gathered through completion of the internal assessment and external
assessment. Based on Steps 2 and 3 the user now knows the relative strengths (e.g., internal and external champions),
weaknesses (e.g., need for additional data), potential opportunities (e.g., strong developer support, slow economic
growth), and potential issues (e.g., a trade association who has been known to oppose certain permitting changes) for
implementing changes.
Develop a Sustainable Design and Green Building Team
The next component of the Action Plan is to form a Sustainable Design and Green Building Team.1 Depending on
the size of the jurisdiction, the organization should have one point person or a small core group who can begin
formulating the Action Plan and coordinating activities within the jurisdiction. The team could consist solely of local
government staff, although in a few jurisdictions where community interest in sustainable design is widespread,
the team could also include a volunteer task force of local building professionals and representatives of community
groups. Potential members of the Sustainable Design and Green Building Team could include:
» Staff members who work in key related functions or departments within the local government and were
identified in Step 1;
» Staff from additional departments, if they are needed, such as city architect, fire department, public works, public
health, affordable housing, and legal; and
» "Green teams" already working in the community.
Getting involvement from these key staff and community members will help streamline communication and pave the
way for internal support for the proposed permitting changes. Keeping in mind that some members of the team may
be active, while others may wish just to be kept informed, the responsibilities of the team could include the following:
» Interest in the topic and commitment to implementing changes in the permitting system that would foster
greater sustainable design;
» Examination of opportunities and resources for sustainable design, which could be incorporated into permitting
changes;
» Development of goals, policies, and objectives of the potential changes; and
» Presentation of draft proposals to appropriate bodies.
Define the Program Elements of Potential Code/Ordinance Changes
The next component of the Action Plan is to use the Sustainable Design and Green Building Team to define the
program elements of potential code/ordinance changes.
1. Analyze the market and identify stakeholders potentially affected by proposed permitting changes
This section2 should build on some of the preliminary analysis completed under Step 3. In Step 3, the user identified
segment(s) of the community that would be affected by the proposed permitting changes. This analysis is crucial and
will help ensure that the proposed changes move through the permitting system in an effective and efficient manner.
This section has been adapted from: Build It Green™. City Roadmap for Creating a Green Building Program. June 2006. http://www.scag.ca.gov/
rcp/ewg/pdf/localgreen/Green%20building^Roadmap 051606.pdf
This section has been adapted from: Build It Green™. City Roadmap for Creating a Green Building Program. June 2006. http://www.scag.ca.gov/
rcp/ewg/pdf/localgreen/Green%20building^Roadmap 051606.pdf
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Also, the stakeholder involvement and communication plans must be tailored to the specific motivations and needs
of the various constituencies. As the user is putting together the list of potential stakeholders these questions should
be considered for each group or entity:
» Who do the stakeholders represent (e.g., large developer, independent owner, management company) and their
potential for involvement (e.g., substantive participant versus observer)?
» What level of support might the local government expect from the person or entity?
» How knowledgeable are they about sustainable design and the proposed permitting change(s)?
» What market signals currently exist for sustainable design? Does the local government see these changing in the
next 3-5 years? How will this impact the stakeholders?
Finally, the local government should identify the types of current projects in the permitting approval pipeline and
what projects can be expected in the future. This should help determine the types of sectors that could be impacted
by the proposed permitting changes. The local government should make sure that the list is as comprehensive as
possible. The following list of potential sectors should be modified to suit the local governments needs:
» Residential new construction
» Residential remodeling
» Commercial construction
» Multi-family versus single-family
» Civic buildings
» Historic buildings
» Utilities
» Management companies
» Realtors
» Landscapers
» Architects
The better the local government can address the needs of the key stakeholder groups, the more rapidly the proposed
changes will be accepted and/or supported. One of the local governments goals could be to provide a framework that
enables each stakeholder group to bring their expertise and skills to the table for successful collaboration.
2. Define the scope of the permitting change
This section assists communities in detailing the nuts and bolts of the permitting changes they are trying to
implement. The market analysis from above and the following questions could help in developing the program
design:
» Is the local government trying to pilot a small scale initiative or make wholesale changes?
» Is the local government trying a phased approach over time, which may include performance-based measures
that change over time?
» Does the program change typical enforcement procedures?
» Is this a required, voluntary, or incentivized program?
» Is the local government trying to implement a sustainable design/green design program?
» What are the expected costs and revenues associated with the program?
» Does the proposed change rely on third-party certification, inspection, etc.?
» Might the jurisdiction be better advised to adopt, or possibly modify, some of the currently available green and
sustainable building codes/ordinances and standards to reach their green goals?
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» Consider:
» If adopting codes/ordinances that need to be enforced, these should be written as mandatory. Mandatory
programs ensure that green practices will be implemented, the impact of the built environment on the
natural environment will be reduced, and environmental goals will be met.
» If a mandatory program is initiated, should it be applicable to public sector buildings only?
» Are any of the available green building programs and standards suitable for application to the private
sector on a mandatory basis?
» Some examples of codes/ordinances and standards which are written in language suitable for
mandatory adoption include: IgCC; ASHRAE 189.1; and, the ICC-700 National Green Building
Standard.
« Sustainable design programs and rating systems which are intended to be administered on a voluntary basis
should not be adopted as mandatory.
» Are there departmental practices (e.g., within the departments of health or public works), which are not
addressed by the adopted code/ordinance or standard; and, if so, can these changes be used to suggest
amendments to the codes/ordinances used by those other departments?
The scope of the local governments program will greatly impact the stakeholder engagement and communication
plans that will need to be crafted.
3. Develop a Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Plan
To develop a stakeholder engagement and communication plan, the local government should start with each
stakeholder identified earlier in the process and ask them to provide a bulleted list of what drives them to engage in
a stakeholder process on sustainable design and green building and the related permitting changes. Then, based on
that list, the local government should identify opportunities for engagement with that particular stakeholder for each
phase of the permitting process. These phases include:
» Designing the permitting change(s) program,
» During the permitting change process, and
» Implementing the permitting change.
Next, the local government should craft a draft communication plan with key points on how to engage key
stakeholders in the permitting process. This may be extremely helpful especially if new stakeholders exist, new
relationships have to be forged, or to make sure that everyone on the Sustainable Design and Green Building Team
has the same understanding of the permit change. The stakeholder engagement plan should also address local, state,
and other applicable laws and regulations regarding public access to information and meetings.
For example: The local government is a locality interested in adding performance specifications for new residential
construction in the local codes/ordinances. The Sustainable Design and Green Building Team should have identified
the following key stakeholders: architects, developers, builders, licensed and approved performance assessors, and
two council members. Without the buy-in of these stakeholders the local government will not be able to move
forward. For each of these stakeholders the local government should identify what is important to them:
» Do they support the performance specifications, why or why not?
» What information should the local government provide them regarding performance specifications?
» What incentives could the local government use to get the stakeholders to support performance specifications,
etc.?
Once these steps have been accomplished the local government has a foundation to determine the best ways to
engage and communicate with each specific stakeholder group and develop targeted engagement and communication
strategies.
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The Sustainable Design and Green Building Team should then create a stakeholder engagement plan based on the
identified stakeholders and needs. For each stakeholder, the team should assess:
» How to engage the stakeholder,
» When to engage the stakeholder, and
» Who is going to be responsible for communicating with the appropriate stakeholders.
Based on collaboration and stakeholder engagement frameworks, it is generally easier to work with stakeholders—
including those who disagree with a position—if communication occurs early in the process, communication occurs
consistently, and the local government gives stakeholders the opportunity to share their opinions. Again, local and
state laws on public access and input should be at the forefront of discussions regarding stakeholder engagement.
The local governments stakeholder engagement plan should also include a communication strategy. This strategy
should have key talking points that can be used with each relevant stakeholder group; it should identify who is
responsible for communicating with the public, elected officials, press, etc. The communication strategy should
include appropriate means of communication—web posting, public meetings, newspaper articles, presentations
posted to online video sites, etc. Table 1 provides some initial starting points for each stakeholder group.3 These
generic short bullets on sustainable design and green building will need to be developed more broadly into talking
points and be tailored for the local governments specific permit process changes and the sustainable design and
green building concept or area the local government is trying to address. An integral piece of the communication
strategy should be education. For any stakeholder, including the public, who may not be familiar either with the
permitting process or sustainable design, the team will have to carefully determine what, how, when, and who should
provide the education, and the resources it will take to provide this education.
TABLE i: Key stakeholder values regarding sustainable design and green building
Increase economic development and community vitality.
Improve the jurisdiction's reputation.
Add value to the local built environment.
Increase citizen satisfaction and retention.
Provide public and professional education.
Enhance public health and safety.
Improve environmental compliance.
Promote interdepartmental cooperation.
Develop positive relationships with building industry.
Comply with state requirements.
Gain competitive marketing edge.
Embrace unique educational opportunities.
Provide higher quality, higher value product.
Build positive relationships with government.
Reduce legal exposure.
Improve image.
This section has been adapted from: Build It Green™. City Roadmap for Creating a Green Building Program. June 2006. http://www.scag.ca.gov/
rcp/ewg/pdf/localgreen/Green%20building^Roadmap 051606.pdf
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Building Owners
Home Owners
Building Occupants
Affordable Housing
Agencies and Nonprofits
Lower operating costs.
Attain green seal of approval.
Provide higher quality, higher value product.
Reduce legal exposure.
Increase property value.
Improve resale potential.
Lower operating costs.
Provide healthy, productive indoor environment.
Increase property value.
Increase resale potential.
Increase pride of ownership.
Lower operating costs.
Live in a healthier indoor environment.
Enjoy a higher quality of life.
Be a steward of the environment.
Provide housing that is truly affordable.
Create sustainable communities.
Support environmental equity.
Reduce impacts.
Reduce peak utility loads.
Reduce emissions.
Get recognition as environmental stewards.
Meet utility restructuring requirements.
Reduce resource consumption.
Reduce stormwater runoff.
Enhance water quality.
Lower energy use for water processing/pumping.
Step 5: Implement the Plan
There is no one comprehensive permitting strategy for all local governments or communities. Each organization will
know the government, public, and stakeholders best, but by completing Steps 1-3 the organization should have been
able to remove or greatly minimize the obstacles for fostering greater sustainable design and green building practices.
Below are some tips for the Sustainable Design and Green Building Team as they move forward with the permitting
or regulatory changes.
Points to Consider—Permitting Changes for Sustainable Design and Green Building4
» Develop strong political backing, and gain support for funding, staffing, and other needed resources. Otherwise
the regulatory and permitting changes will prove to be more difficult.
» Consider exploring the pros and cons of the permitting system and the sustainable design goal to be achieved.
Should the sustainable design components be mandatory, voluntary, or phased-in? Should there be incentives
and/or penalties to obtain compliance?
This list was adapted from: Brack, Peter. Developing Green Building Programs or Ordinances. Building Safety Journal. 5.4 (2007): 22-23. http://
www.dcat.net/resources/bsj aug07^reenfeature.pdf
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« Make use of the Resource Guide and other available information to understand other localities' sustainable
design programs and codes/ordinances for possible use as models.
» Consider whether the Sustainable Design and Green Building team should take a "working group" approach and
include elected officials, governmental staff members, developers and builders, and the public at large.
« Work with the appropriate commissions, committees, or boards and use their meetings as a platform for
workshops and public participation.
» Conduct a "sustainability workshop" to illustrate how sustainable design and green building is connected to a
host of related issues and help garner support from special interest groups.
« Identify certain issues of great import (e.g., quality of life) to special interests and groups and make sure that the
regulatory and permitting changes speak to their needs and concerns.
» Select sustainable design and green building guidelines or standards that are appropriate for the organizations
jurisdiction and that are regionally appropriate (e.g., climate, cultural, etc.).
« Consult with legal counsel to ensure that proposed guidelines or standards do not conflict with other state or
local regulations. In the case of an ordinance, be sure that it is legally defensible.
» Consider whether the proposed changes call for the use of outside resources—e.g., third-party inspection of
performance related specifications, certification, etc.
« Keep compliance thresholds realistic and try not to address them until the end of the development process.
» Keep the "triple-bottom line"—environment, economy, and social equity—in mind to ensure a sense of fairness
for all parties.
« If necessary, determine how the program or code/ordinance will be staffed and funded.
» Make sure there are "champions" to shepherd the process and changes.
6:
Implementing permitting changes may be straightforward or complex in the local governments jurisdiction.
Hopefully, by implementing Steps 1-4, the local government should be able to reduce confusion, tension, or the
length of deliberations surrounding the permitting change. Regardless of the path, permitting changes are not a static
activity. Future innovations and improvements in sustainable design will continue to challenge the community's
sustainable design codes/ordinances. Therefore, after one or two permitting changes are successfully through
the local government process, it is best to evaluate if the permitting change was effective in fostering the desired
sustainable design features in the community.
After the permitting change has been implemented for some period of time, or the program has become stable, it is
helpful to conduct an evaluation to determine if the change or program is working as planned and what corrections
maybe necessary. The evaluation should determine how the change or program is working, whether it is working the
way the local government intended, whether it is being implemented effectively, and if the permitting change process
worked effectively and efficiently overall. This information can in turn be used to make program improvements and
generate lessons learned for the future. The following are the basic steps that could help in evaluating the change/
program:
1. Collect Data
• Conduct informal interviews with the stakeholder groups identified in Steps 2-3 via focus group meetings (how
do they feel about the permitting change, do they understand it, do they support it and why or why not?).
» Review documents like permit applications (e.g., are sustainable design and green building projects being
permitted quicker and with fewer variances; is there an increase in the number of permit applications using the
tool/technique implemented in the permitting change?).
« Review written and verbal feedback (e.g., have there been articles in the press, what is the public perception; are
builders and constituents happier and have they voiced opinions in public hearings or other forums?).
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» Review physical evidence (e.g., are more sustainable design projects being built and are operated and maintained
as permitted?).
2, Analyze the Data5
* What happened with the permitting change over time, including: stakeholders, activities, conditions, perceptions
of the programs results?
« How closely did the permitting change track with what the local government intended?
» Were the improvements or goals of the permitting change achieved (pre-permit change conditions versus post-
permit change conditions)?
« Is the observed change due to the permitting changes? Can other explanations be ruled out?
» What was the value of the improvements? Are they apparent to others? Can they be quantified (this could
include reduced permit transactions, reduced staff review time, improvement in customer satisfaction, increased
revenue, and reduced environmental impacts of the permit change)?
* What were the unexpected events, outcomes, and/or effects?
» What do the findings imply for future modifications and permit changes?
« What were the lessons learned and how do they impact either broadening the permit changes or their
transferability within the community (scale up of a pilot program) or beyond?
3. Tell the Story
In order to tell the story, the local government should think about the reporting needs of the local government
and what information could help meet those needs. The local government should also think about the various
stakeholders identified in Steps 2 and 3: what was important to them, what types of questions did they ask, and what
do they want to know and when? The local government should also consider what reporting format would be best to
tell the story.
Typically, the findings from an evaluation are documented in a report but this may or may not be the appropriate
communication tool for the audience the local government is trying to reach. For example, if the user knows that
department heads internal to the local government were very interested in the permitting change, they may want
to brief them periodically and prepare an evaluation presentation that includes the questions the user is trying to
answer regarding the permitting change, a summary of the data collected, a review of the data analysis, and how the
user plans to use the results to change or modify the current program or future permitting changes.
If the public is very interested in the permitting change, the local government may want to conduct a public meeting
or forum with a presentation and have a prepared paper to distribute. Regardless of how the organization presents the
evaluation study, decisions will have to be made on how to act on the recommendations. Revising the internal and
external situation assessment in Steps 2 and 3 may provide some guidance on how best to proceed.
The list was adapted from: Weiss, Carol. Evaluation, Second ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997. See Figure 12-1, page 273.
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Appendix A: How The Toolkit Was Created
Three resources were used to develop the Green Principles and Objectives as well as identify potential green
technologies or techniques. These included:
« LEED 2009 Green Building Rating System for New Construction and Major Renovations;1
» Draft IgCC Version l.O;2 and
« ASHRAE 189.1 Standard for the Design of High-Performance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings.3
These resources were selected because they contain a comprehensive overview of sustainable design principles and
objectives; are meaningful to architects, developers and local government officials; include relevant technologies or
techniques; and have been extensively researched and reviewed.
The Resource Guide was developed by conducting extensive research on other green assessment tools, reference
documents, and case studies. These resources range from EPA-developed informational assessments, to resources
compiled by green building organizations, to materials developed by state and local governments and other
institutions. The Resource Guide is not designed to be a definitive list of resources but was developed to give local
officials a quick reference guide to additional resources on a given sustainable design topic. It is a one-stop-shop for
information that would otherwise be very time consuming and costly for a local government official to assemble.
EPA also solicited input from green building experts, code officials, and other building experts to help create the
Toolkit. In March 2009, EPA hosted a workshop in Atlanta titled Overcoming Barriers to Green Permitting: Tools
for Local Governments. The workshop consisted of permitting professionals, smart growth and green building
experts, developers, builders, lawyers, and other building professionals. During the workshop, these professionals
discussed barriers to green development and other topics related to sustainable building design and construction.
4 The information gathered during the workshop established the need for a permitting assessment document and
compendium of resources to help local government officials identify barriers to sustainable building design.
To test the effectiveness of the Toolkit, EPA conducted a pilot with the city of Roswell, Georgia.5 The city reviewed
the Toolkit and provided helpful feedback on needed improvements. In addition to participating in the pilot project,
Roswell presented its goals for greening its building code/ordinances during the March 2009 Overcoming Barriers
to Green Permitting: Tools for Local Governments workshop. After the workshop, EPA and the city of Roswell also
partnered to conduct a Lean Kaizen6 event to improve the city's Land Disturbance Permit process. The goal of the
Lean event was to help minimize permit re-work, encourage better permit applications, and improve staff morale,
LEED was developed by the USGBC as a system that defines, measures, and ultimately rates green buildings. The LEED 2009 Green Build-
ing Rating System for New Construction and Major Renovations defines a set of performance standards that certify that the design and
construction of buildings of all sizes and uses promote environmentally sound, healthy and economically advantageous building practices.
http://www.usgbc.org/LEED. USGBC. LEED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations. 2009. http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.
aspx?DocumentID=5546
IgCC Public Version 1.0 applies to all phases of construction and alteration and outlines green code standards. The IgCC also contains refer-
ences to the ICC-700 National Green Building Standard and includes ASHRAE 189.1 as an alternative compliance path.
ICC. Draft IgCC, September 3, 2009. www.iccsafe.org/cs/igcc/Pages/default.aspx
3 The USGBC; the ASHRAE; and the IBS have developed a new ASHRAE/USGBC/IES minimum standard for high performance green building.
www.ashrae.org/greenstan4ard
ICC has launched a Green Communities of Interest site. This community exists as a meeting place for ICC members who share common
interests in the environmental impact of the buildings and in creating and using healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction,
renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition. Members of the community have opportunities to participate in discussions on green
building, network, and develop professional contacts and access news, information, and resources. Participants in the March 2009 workshop
expressed interest in having such a space for sharing information and lessons learned. For more information about this community please see:
http://www.iccsafe.org/Communities/Green/Pages/default.aspx
For more information about the City of Roswell's Community Development, see: http://www.rosweUgov.com/index.aspx?NID=95
Originally developed in the manufacturing sector, Lean is a business model and collection of methods that eliminates non-value added activity
or "waste" while delivering high-quality products on time and at least cost. EPAs interest in Lean methods, as well as Six Sigma quality improve-
ment methods, stems from identifying the environmental wastes associated with manufacturing and administrative processes in government
and service sectors
Green Toolkit for Governments
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customer service, and deployment of services. The event provided a solid foundation for the potential development
of the city's Green Permit Track by helping to determine if incentives such as reduced permit review times and
process fees could be offered to developers who pursue sustainable design. Both the pilot and the Lean event were
used to fine tune the Toolkit.
Systainable Green Toolkit for Governments
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Appendix B: Registrants List - Overcoming
Barriers to Green Permitting Workshop
Overcoming Barriers to Green Permitting: Tools for Local Governments Workshop
Southface Energy Institute: Atlanta, GA
Thursday, March 19 - Friday, March 20, 2009
Registered Participant List
» Townsend Bailey, Sustainable Atlanta
. Jay V. Bassett, EPA
» Karen Bandhauer, EPA
» Jonathan Boyer, Farr Associates
» Corey Buffo, EPA
» Tim Carter, University of Georgia
» Lowell Chambers, City of Atlanta
» Alice Champagne, City of Roswell
» Christopher Choi, Region 5
» Scott Ledford, ICF International
» Jim Durrett, Livable Communities Coalition
» David Eisenberg, Development Center for
Appropriate Technology
» Jane Fowler, Southeast Watershed Forum
» Mary Ann Gerber, EPA
» Larry Hedges, Georgia Environmental Protection
Division
» Jon D. Johnston, EPA
» Joseph Krewer, Georgia Department of Community
Affairs
» Matthew LeGrant, Government of the District of
Columbia
» Don Liotta, Outside the Box Construction
» Ibrahim Maslamani, City of Atlanta
» Cliff Majersik, Institute for Market Transformation
» Ryan Meres, Georgia Department of Community
Affairs
. Sally Mills, City of Atlanta
» Ted Miltiades, Georgia Department of Community
Affairs
» Kevin Nelson, EPA
» Robert Reed, Southface Energy Institute
. Elizabeth Oswald, EPA
» Matt Robbins, EPA
» Lucy M. Rowland, Athens-Clarke County, Georgia
» Ken Sandier, EPA
» Shari Shapiro, Obermayer Rebmann Maxwell &
Hippell LLP
» Jeremy Sigmon, U.S. Green Building Council
» Daniel K. Slone, McGuireWoods LLP
» Steve Smith, EPA
» Robin Snyder, Alliance to Save Energy, Building
Codes Assistance Project
» Lee Sobel, EPA
» Brad Townsend, City of Roswell
» Scott Turk, Troup County, Georgia
» Liz Upchurch, Tennessee Valley Authority
» Michelle Vincent, Georgia Environmental
Protection Division
» Danelle Volpe, City of Roswell
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments
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Appendix C: List of Abbreviations and
Acronyms
AASHTO
ACORE
AIA
A.P.
ANSI
ARCSA
ASHRAE
AWE
AWEA
BCAP
BECP
BIFMA
BMP
BSD
C&D
CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174
CAA
CEIRD
CFC
CIBSE
CMRA
CNU
CPG
CRI
CWM
CWP
DDOE
DOE
DSIRE
E&SC
EERE
EISA
EPA
EPEAT
FEMA
FEMP
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
American Council on Renewable Energy
American Institute of Architects
Accredited Professional
American National Standards Institute
American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Alliance for Water Efficiency
American Wind Energy Association
Building Codes Assistance Project
Building Energy Code Program
Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association
Best Management Practice
Better Site Design
Construction and Demolition
California/Department of Health Services/ Environmental Health Laboratory Branch
R-1747
Clean Air Act
Clean Energy Information Resources Database
Chlorofluorocarbon
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
Construction Materials Recycling Association
Congress for New Urbanism
Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines
Carpet and Rug Institute
Construction Waste Management
Center for Watershed Protection
District Department of the Environment
U.S. Department of Energy
Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy
Erosion and Sediment Control
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
Energy Independence Security Act
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Federal Energy Management Program
This is the California Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental cham-
bers.
Sustaisiable Desiepi and Green Buildincj Toolkit for Local Governments
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FERC
FSC
gPd
HERS
HVAC
HVAC-R
IAQ
ICC
IECC
IEEE
IBS
LEED
LID
MIST
NACP
NAHB
NCDC
NEMO
NPDES
NREL
OCEAN
PUD
PV
RCRA
REMC
RESNET
SAVE™
SCAQMD
SCS
SFI
SMACNA
SNAP
ULI
USGBC
VOC
WECS
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Forest Stewardship Council
Gallons Per Day
Home Energy Rating System
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Indoor Air Quality
International Code Council
International Energy Conservation Code
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
International ^reen Construction Code
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Low Impact Development
Heat Island Mitigation Impact Screening Tool
National Association of County Planners
National Association of Homebuilders
National Clean Diesel Campaign
Nonpoint Education for Municipal Officials
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Online Code Environment and Advocacy Network
Planned Unit Development
Photovoltaic
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Rural Electrical Membership Corporation
Residential Energy Services Network
Sustainable Attributes Verification and Evaluation™
South Coast Air Quality Management District
Science Certification Systems
Sustainable Forestry Initiative
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association
Significant New Alternatives Policy
Urban Land Institute
U.S. Green Building Council
Volatile Organic Compound
Wind Energy Conversion Systems
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The intent is to continually revise, update, and expand the information provided here. Please send comments, feedback,
or suggestions to the EPA project manager, Karen Bandhauer, at bandhauer.karen@epa.gov or 404-562-9122.
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6ER&
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Photo courtesy of Loren Heyns with Neighborhood.org
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