(5
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Ung ThU Da xung quanh Mi Mat
Ung thu te bao bieu mo la loai pho bien nhat cua
benh ung thif da co tac dpng den mf mat. Trong
phan Idn cac trUdng hdp, cac ton thudng xay ra d
mf mat dudi, nhung chung co the xay ra tai bat ky
ndi nao tren mf mat, d dudi mat, dudi long mi va
cac vung nam gan khudn mat.
Benh Thoai Hoa
Diem Vang
Mat (AMD)
AMD la mot can
benh tac dpng den
diem vang, mot phan
cua mat cho phep quy
vj tha'y dUdc cac chi tie't cu
the. Nhufng bieu Men cua benh thoai hoa diem
vang 6 mat bao gom tarn thj life bj md, gap khd
khan khi phai nhan biet cac khuon mat, va can
phai co them anh sang khi doc sach2. Btfc xa mat
trdi ddng mot vai trd trong sU phat trien cua benh
AMD3.
AMD xay ra 6 hai dang-udt va khd- va thudng dUdc
phat hien 6 nhufng ngUdi tren 55 tuoi. Da so' cac
trudng hdp d Hoa Ky deu la dang khd, chung phat
trien tCf tCf va hau qua la tarn thj luc bj md. AMD
dang udt xay ra nhanh hdn va hau qua la mat thj
lUc nang hdn. Benh thoai hoa diem vang d mat
khdng the chufa khdi. Tuy nhien, chan doan va dieu
trj sdm se giup lam giam bdt tac dpng cua no,
them mot ly do nufa phai di kham bac sT mat
cua quy vj deu dan.
Benh Dau Mat Han Do Tuyet (Viem
Ket Giac Mac Do Anh Sang)
Rdi loan tarn thdi va ft nghiem trong nay la hau
qua tCr viec tie'p xuc qua nhieu vdi cac tia UV
luc d ngoai bai bien hoac ngoai trdi tuye't. Cac
trieu chiJng bao gom rach, dau, sung mf mat,
cam giac co cat d trong ddi mat, Id md hoac
giam thj luc. No se tu lanh lai, ndi chung trong
vdng mot vai ngay.
Bao Ve Doi Ma't Cua Quy Vj
Ton thudng do tia UV dd'i vdi ddi mat co the
ngan ngCfa. De bao ve ddi mat cua quy vj, hay
deo kfnh ram ngan can dUdc 99-100% cac tia
UV. Kfnh ram co bpc km xung quanh la loai
kfnh bao ve td't nhat cho ddi mat cua quy vj vl
chung ngan can dUdc cac tia co hai xam nhap tCr
ben hong. Ngoai ra, mot chiec mu rpng vanh cung
gdp phan bao ve mat d mot mufc dp nao do, ngan
can dUdc cac tia UV xam nhap vao ddi mat tCr cac
ben hoac tCf phfa tren kfnh ram.
Nhffng Tac Dong Co Hai Cua
Btfc Xa Tia UV Doi Vdi Da
Benh ung thu da la dang ung thu pho bien nhat d
Hoa Ky4. So' ngUdi dUdc chan doan la mac benh
ung thu da vao nam 2008 da nhieu hdn so' ngUdi
bj ung thu vu, ung thu tuyen tien Net, ung thu phoi
va ung thu rupt cpng lai. Cuf khoang nam ngUdi My
la co mot ngUdi se bj mac benh ung thu da trong
cupc ddi cua ho. Nhufng benh ung thu da pho bien5
thudng co the dUdc chufa khdi tudng dd'i de dang.
U hac to' ac tfnh la mot loai ung thu da nguy hiem
va khd dieu trj hdn. Tuy nhien, benh hau nhu ludn
ludn co the chufa khdi dUdc neu dUdc phat hien
sdm va trudc khi no Ian rpng ra cac bp phan khac
cua cd the6. Phat hien sdm khdi u hac to ac tfnh co
the ciJu dUdc mang sd'ng cua quy vj.
Bufc xa tia UV day manh qua trlnh san xuat vitamin
D cua cd the, mot sinh to' rat can thie't trong viec
sir dung chat canxi thfch hdp de duy trl xUdng. Khi
cd tuoi, da cua chung ta ft cd kha nang tong hdp
vitamin D va cac qua than cua chung ta ft cd kha
nang chuyen hoa vitamin D thanh dang hodc-mdn
hoat tfnh cua no.
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Lao Hoa Stfm
Theo thdi gian, tiep xuc vdi cac tia nang mat trdi
lam cho Ian da sam lai, nhan nheo, hlnh thanh cac
cham den va trd nen dai nhu thupc da. Bien phap
bao ve thfch hdp de tranh anh nang mat trdi nham
lam giam thieu nhufng tac dpng nay. Co den 90%
nhufng thay doi nhln thay dadc tren da ma ta thudng
nghT rang la do tuoi tac lai chfnh la do tiep xuc vdi
anh nang mat trdi gay ra.
Cac Dau Hieu Cua Benh Ung
Thif Da
Kiem tra toan bp cd the cua quy vj (tCr dinh dau va da
dau den long ban chan cua quy vj) moi thang mot Ian
bang nhufng chie'c gi/dng dai va gi/dng tay cam. Ghi
nhan nhufng gl la blnh thudng tren cd the cua quy vj
de tu do quy vj se nhan bie't difdc bat ky sir thay doi
nao. Hoc Vien Da Lieu Hoa Ky co mot sd do ve not
ruoi tren cd the ngudi nham giup cho quy vj de dang
phat Men va chu y den sir thay doi cua cac not ruoi
ma co the do la mot dau hieu quan trpng.
Hay ghi nhd cac phUdng phap ABODE giup phat hien
ra khd'i u hac to ac tmh bang each kiem tra cac not
ruoi tren cd the cua quy vj. Lien lac vdi ngudi cham
sdc sufc khde cho quy vj ne'u quy vj phat hien ra cac
not ruoi co bat ky nhufng dac diem sau day hoac ne'u
co mot not ruoi thay doi hlnh dang, ngufa ngay, chay
mau hoac trong khac nan vdi nhufng no't khac.
• A D6l Xffng — mot nCra not ruoi ben nay trong
khdng gio'ng nhu nifa ben kia.
• DlfQfng Vien — dirdng vien khdng deu, kieu vo
so hoac khd xac djnh.
• Mail Sac — mau sac cua no't ruoi cd bie'n doi.
• DlfQfng Kfnh — no't ruoi Idn hdn mot cue gdm
viet chi
• Si/ Tien H6a — mot not ruoi hoac cho ton
thUdng tren da trong khac vdi nhufng not khac
hoac dang thay doi ve hlnh dang kfch thudc hay
mau sac.
Ai Co Nguy Ctf?
Sau day la mot so' nhan to' chu yeu giup xac djnh
moi nguy cd bj ton thudng d doi mat hoac da khi
tiep xuc vdi bufc xa tia UV:
• Tat ca moi ngudi, khdng phan biet mau da cua
ho, deu cd nguy cd bj ton thudng mat tCr bufc xa
tia UV.
• Nhufng ngudi cd Ian da trang treo de bj chay
nang hoac bj tan nhang, nhufng cap mat cd mau
xanh lam hoac xanh luc va cd mai tdc vang hoe
hay mau do se cd nguy cd mac benh ung thu da
cao hdn. Dd'i vdi nhufng ngudi cd da sam mau tu
nhien, khi cac kho'i u hac to' ac tmh phat trien,
chung thudng xay ra d long ban tay, long ban
chan hoac difdi cac mdng tay7.
Nhufng ngudi cd tien si/ gia dlnh mac benh ung
thu da hoac nhufng ngudi trong qua khuf da tCfng
bj chay nang nghiem trpng va nhufng ngudi cd so'
li/dng Idn cac not ruoi (hdn 50) deu cd nhieu kha
nang mac benh ung thu da. Nhufng ngudi tiep
xuc vdi anh nang mat trdi tai ndi lam viec nhat
djnh cung phai than trpng vdi benh ung thu da.
Mot so' loai thud'c nha't djnh nhu cac thud'c khang
sinh, cac thud'c chd'ng dj ufng va cac chat pha
che dadc thao cd tmh chat lam tang tmh nhay
cam cua da va doi mat dd'i vdi bac xa tia UV.
Kiem tra vdi ngudi cham sdc sufc khoe cho quy
vj xem loai thud'c nao ma quy vj dang dung cd
the tang dp nhay cam dd'i vdi anh nang mat trdi.
Phong Ngufa
DCfng de bj chay nang-tiep xuc qua nhieu vdi
anh nang mat trdi la nhan to mac benh ung thu
da cd nguy cd cao nha't nhung cd the phdng
tranh dadc.
Tim kiem bong ram va gidi nan thdi gian d ngoai
trdi cua quy vj, dac biet tCr 10:00 gid sang den
4:00 gid chieu la khoang thdi gian bufc xa tia UV
manh Net nha't.
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Toi Co Jhe Tim Hieu
Them d Dau?
Ngifcri Cao Mien va Cac Van De
Stfc Khoe Lien Quan Den Moi
Trifcfng
De An Phuc Vu NgUdi Cao Nien cua
EPA dang no lac bao ve siJc khoe
cua quy vj cao nien khdi bj cac nguy
hiem ve moi trudng thong qua cac
bien phap quan ly va phdng ngCfa cac
tai nan rui ro, giao due va nghien cufu.
De biet them thong tin ve De An Phuc
Vu NgUdi Cao Nien cua EPA, xin vao
trang mang www.epa.gov/aging
Quy vj cd the cd dadc cac ban in cua
td thong tin nay tai:
www.epa.gov/aging/resources/factsheets/
order.htm
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Che phu Ian da cang nhieu cang tot vdi mot
chie'c mu rpng vanh va quan ao dUdc may km
dao,
Sfi dung kem chong nang vdi SPF ft nhat la 15
co tac dung ngan chan cac tia tren tat ca phan
da bj tiep xuc.
Kiem tra Chi So UV, mot dU bao hang ngay ve
so lUdng bufc xa tia UV tiep can den be mat Trai
Dat.
Tranh xa cac phong tarn nang va den cue tfm.
Cac Nguon Trtf Giup Them
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Community-Based UV Risk Education: The
SunWise Program Handbook
www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r02008/
625r02008.htm
www.epa.gov/sunwise
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention
Protect Yourself from the Sun
www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic info/howto.htm
National Institutes of Health
The National Cancer Institute
What You Need to Know about Skin Cancer
www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/skin
The National Eye Institute
Cataract
www.nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/
cataract facts.asp
Macular Degeneration
www.nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/armd
facts.asp
American Academy of Dermatology
Body Mole Map
www.melanomamonday.org/
documents/08 96%20Melanoma%20Monday%20
Mole%20Map.pdf
American Cancer Society
www.cancer.org
or 1-800-ACS-2345 (1-800-227-2345)
Test your Sun Safety IQ
www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_7_lx_
Take the Sun Safety Quiz.asp?sitearea=&level
American Optometric Association
Sunglasses shopping guide:
www.aoa.org/documents/
SunglassShoppingGuide0805.pdf
Chu Thich
1 National Institutes of Health, National Eye Institute.
Cataract: www.nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/
cataract facts.asp
2 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Community-
Based UV Risk Education: The Sunwise Program
Handbook, pp. 36, 37
3 American Optometric Association. Statement on
Ocular Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards in Sunlight.
www.aoa.org/Documents/OcularUltraviolet.pdf
4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Skin
Cancer.
www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic info
5 Ibid.
6 American Cancer Society. Skin Cancer Facts.
www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/
ped_7_l_What_You_Need_To_Know_About_Skin_
Cancer.asp?sitearea=&level
7 National Institutes of Health, National Cancer
Institute, "What You Need to Know About
Melanoma: Melanoma: Who's at Risk
www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/melanoma/
page?
Vietnamese translation of: Health Effects of
Ultraviolet Radiation
Publication Number EPA 100-F-10-018
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