-------
Table 2. Suggested Nationwide Average Diesel Fuel Sulfur Content
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020+
Diesel Sulfur (ppm)
Land
2284
2284
2284
2284
2284
2284
2242
1139
351
351
165
32
32
32
20
11
11
11
11
11
11
Marine
2640
2635
2637
2637
2637
2637
2588
1332
435
435
319
236
124
44
52
56
56
56
55
55
55
-------
Table 3. Default Certification Diesel Fuel Sulfur Content for Tier 3 and Tier 4 Engines
Engine Power
hp<75
75 < hp < 100
100 < hp < 175
175 < hp < 750
hp > 750
Model Years
2008-2012
2013+
2008-2011
2012+
2007-2011
2012+
2006-2010
2011+
2011+
Regulation
Tier 4 transitional
Tier 4
Tier 3 transitional a
Tier 4 transitional
and final
Tier3
Tier 4 transitional
and final
TierS
Tier 4 transitional
and final
Tier 4 transitional
and final
NONROAD
Tech Types
T4A
T4B, T4
T3B
T4, T4N
T3
T4, T4N
T3
T4, T4N
T4, T4N
Modeled Default Fuel
Sulfur Content (ppm)
500
15
500
15
2000
15
2000
15
15
a Since the Tier 3 standard begins in 2008, it is assumed that this new technology introduction will allow
manufacturers to take advantage of the availability of 500 ppm fuel that year.
Due to lack of data, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the 1988-and-later
pre-control (Tier 0) engines is used for all engines, both earlier pre-control engines and later
engines subject to emissions standards. The derivation of the BSFC values is described in
Appendix C. While it is likely that fuel consumption varies between these categories, there is
not sufficient data available at this time for EPA to specify alternate values.
There is little test data available on nonroad engines. In developing the emission factors
for NONROAD, we have considered data from various sources. The basis for the emission
factors by model year/hp category is described below and summarized in Table 4 thru Table 7.
Base (Pre-1988), Engines <50 hp:
There are no known tests of pre-1988 CI engines of less than or equal to 50 hp. Thus,
NONROAD will use the same emission factors as for the 1988 through Tier 1 years for engines
of this size described below.
-------
Table 4. Summary of the Basis for the HC Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in NONROAD2008a
HP
>0to11
>11 to 16
>16to25
>25 to 50
>50 to 75
>75to100
>1 00 to 175
>1 75 to 300
>300 to 600
>600 to 750
>750 except
gen sets
Gen sets >750
to 1200
Gen sets
>1200
HC g/hp-hr
Tier Oa
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.8
0.99
0.99
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
TO Basis
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
Tier!
0.7628
0.4380
0.4380
0.2789
0.5213
0.5213
0.3384
0.3085
0.2025
0.1473
0.2861
0.2861
0.2861
T1 Basis
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
Tier 2°
0.5508d
0.4380
0.4380
0.2789
0.3672d
0.3672d
0.3384
0.3085
0.1669
0.1669
0.1669
0.1669
0.1669
T2 Basis0
(5) 10% default margin from 0.6 equivalent std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std)
(5) 10% default margin from 0.4 equivalent std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(5) 10% default margin from 0.4 equivalent std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 0.4 T2 equivalent std)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 0.4 T2 equivalent std)
cert
(1 and 2) Same as the >300 to 600hp category.
Rationale:
a) All these HP categories meet same 0.3 HC
eqv std.
b) The NOx T1 EFs exceed the T2 std. To meet
NOx T2, changes are likely to increase HC.
c) EF based on actual cert data.
Tier 3D
na
na
na
na
0.1836d
0.1836d
0.1836d
0.1836d
0.1669
0.1669
na
na
na
T3 Basis0
(5) 10% margin
from 0.2 eqv std
(5) 10% margin
from 0.2 eqv std
(5) 10% margin
from 0.2 eqv std
(5) 10% margin
from 0.2 eqv std
(3) Same as T2
(3) Same as T2
Tier 4T
0.5508
0.4380
0.4380
0.1314d
0.1314d
0.1314d
0.1314d
0.1314d
0.1314d
0.1314d
0.1314d'e
0.1314d'e
0.1314d'e
T4 Basis
Same as T2
Same as T2
Same as T2
8% margin from
0.1 4 eqv std
8% margin from
0.1 4 eqv std
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
8% margin from
0.1 4 standard
a Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For < 50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF. For >50hp engines,
the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.
b The Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards are expressed as a combined NMHC + NOX standard. The NMHC assumed fractions of these combined standards are taken from the RIA. The resulting
NMHC portion of the combined standard is referred to here as the "equivalent" standard.
0 Numbers in parentheses correspond to the option selected, which is briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text.
d An adjustment of 1.02 (1/0.984) is also applied to convert from NMHC to THC, since the standards apply to NMHC. This adjustment is described in report NR-002b.
e For >750 hp engines, there is also a transitional Tier 4 NMHC standard of 0.30 g/hp-hr in 2011-2014. The corresponding HC EF in NONROAD is 0.2815 g/hp-hr.
f Tier 4 emission factors are considered to be transient, rather than steady-state.
10
-------
Table 5. Summary of the Basis for the CO Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in NONROAD2008a
HP
>0to11
>11 to 16
>16to25
>25 to 50
>50 to 75
>75to100
>1 00 to 175
>1 75 to 300
>300 to 600
>600 to 750
>750 except
gen sets
Gen sets >750
to 1200
Gen sets
>1200
CO g/hp-hr
TierOa
5
5
5
5
3.49
3.49
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
TO Basis
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
Tier!
4.1127
2.1610
2.1610
1.5323
2.3655
2.3655
0.8667
0.7475
1.3060
1 .3272
0.7642
0.7642
0.7642
T1 Basis
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
Tier 2
4.1127
2.1610
2.1610
1 .5323
2.3655
2.3655
0.8667
0.7475
0.8425
1 .3272
0.7642
0.7642
0.7642
T2 Basisb
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
cert
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
TierS
na
na
na
na
2.3655
2.3655
0.8667
0.7475
0.8425
1 .3272
na
na
na
T3 Basisb
Same as T1
Same as T1
Same as T1
Same as T1
Same as T2
Same as T1
Tier 4°
4.1127
2.1610
2.1610
0.153C
0.237°
0.237
0.087
0.075
0.084
0.133
0.076
0.076
0.076
T4 Basis
Same as T1
Same as T1
Same as T1
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
90% reduction
a Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For <50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF.
For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.
b The Tier 2 and Tier 3 CO emission factors are based on application of option 2, the carryover of emission factors derived from nonroad certification data. For more detail
regarding this option, consult the text.
c For >25 to 75 hp engines, CO emissions for engines meeting the Tier 4 transitional PM standard of 0.22 g/hp-hr in 2008-2012 are unchanged from Tier 1. In 2013+, when
the Tier 4 PM standard of 0.02 g/hp-hr takes effect, the corresponding CO EFs are reduced by 90 percent.
d Tier 4 emission factors are considered to be transient, rather than steady-state.
11
-------
Table 6. Summary of the Basis for the NOX Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in NONROAD2008a
HP
>0to11
>11 to 16
>16to25
>25 to 50
>50 to 75
>75to100
>1 00 to 175
>1 75 to 300
>300 to 600
>600 to 750
>750 except
gen sets
Gen sets >750
to 1200
Gen sets
>1200
NOx g/hp-hr
Tier Oa
10
8.5
8.5
6.9
8.30
8.30
8.38
8.38
8.38
8.38
8.38
8.38
8.38
TO Basis
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
Tierl
5.2298
4.4399
4.4399
4.7279
5.5988
5.5988
5.6523
5.5772
6.0153
5.8215
6.1525
6.1525
6.1525
T1 Basis
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
Tier 2°
4.3
4.4399
4.4399
4.7279
4.7
4.7
4.1
4.0
4.3351
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
T2 Basis0
(4) 14% hwy margin from 5.0 equivalent std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std)
(3) Same as T1
(since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std)
(5) 1 0% default margin from 5.2 T2 equiv std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(5) 1 0% default margin from 5.2 T2 equiv std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(4) 10.5% hwy margin from 4.5 T2 equivalent std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
cert (real data preferred even though margin
from 4.5eqvT2std <10%)
(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
Tier 3"
na
na
na
na
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
na
na
na
T3 Basis0
(5) 10% margin
from 3.3 eqv std
(5) 10% margin
from 3.3 eqv std
(5) 10% margin
from 2.8 eqv std
(4) 10.5% hwy
margin from 2.8
(5) 10% margin
from 2.8 eqv std
(5) 10% margin
from 2.8 eqv std
Tier 4e
4.3
4.4399
4.4399
3.0
3.0
0.276
0.276
0.276
0.276
0.276
2.392
0.460d
0.460
T4 Basis
Same as T2
Same as T2
Same as T2
Same as >50
to 75
Same as T3
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 2.6 std
8% margin
from 0.5 std
8% margin
from 0.5 std
a Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For <50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF. For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by
application, so are not provided in this table.
b The Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards are expressed as a combined NMHC + NOX standard. The NOX assumed fractions of these combined standards are taken from the RIA. The resulting NOX portion of the combined
standard is referred to here as the "equivalent" standard.
c Numbers in brackets correspond to the option selected, which is briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text. The derivation of the highway-based compliance margins are discussed
in Appendix E.
d For generator sets >750 to 1200hp, there is also a transitional Tier 4 NOX standard of 2.6 g/hp-hr in 2011-2014. The corresponding NOX EF is 2.39 g/hp-hr.
e Tier 4 emission factors are considered to be transient, rather than steady-state.
12
-------
Table 7. Summary of the Basis for the PM10 Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in NONROAD2008a
HP
>0to11
>11 to 16
>16to25
>25 to 50
>50 to 75
>75to100
>1 00 to 175
>1 75 to 300
>300 to 600
>600 to 750
>750 except
gen sets
Gen sets >750
to 1200
Gen sets
>1200
PM10 g/hp-hr
Tier Oa
1
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.722
0.722
0.402
0.402
0.402
0.402
0.402
0.402
0.402
TO Basis
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
OFFROAD
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
EF data
Tier!
0.4474
0.2665
0.2665
0.3389
0.4730
0.4730
0.2799
0.2521
0.2008
0.2201
0.1934
0.1934
0.1934
T1 Basis
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
cert
Tier 2
0.50
0.2665
0.2665
0.3389
0.24
0.24
0.18
0.1316
0.1316
0.1316
0.1316
0.1316
0.1316
T2 Basisb
(1) The NOx T1 EF exceeds the T2 std. To meet
NOx T2, changes are likely to increase PM. The
T2 PM EF is therefore expected to be greater
than 0.44 (T1 EF) and less than 0.60 (T2 std);
0.50 chosen as a reasonable value.
(3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
(3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
(3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)
(4) 20% highway-based margin from std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(4) 20% highway-based margin from std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(4) 20% highway-based margin from std
(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)
(2) T2 EF for >300 to 600hp category applied to
these hp categories. Rationale: All four hp
categories meet same PM std. Also, T2 EF of
0.1316 based on actual certification data.
TierS
na
na
na
na
0.30
0.30
0.22
0.15
0.15
0.15
na
na
na
T3 Basisb
(1)T3std
(1)T3std
(1)T3std
(1)T3std
(1)T3std
(1)T3std
Tier 4e
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.01 84C
0.01 84C
0.0092
0.0092
0.0092
0.0092
0.0092
0.0276d
0.01 84d
0.01 84d
T4 Basis
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 0.3 std
8% margin
from 0.02 std
8% margin
from 0.02 std
8% margin
from 0.01 std
8% margin
from 0.01 std
8% margin
from 0.01 std
8% margin
from 0.01 std
8% margin
from 0.01 std
8% margin
from 0.03 std
8% margin
from 0.02 std
8% margin
from 0.02 std
a Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For < 50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF. For >50hp engines,
the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.
b Numbers in brackets correspond to the option selected, which is briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text. The derivation of the highway-based
compliance margins are discussed in Appendix E.
0 For >25 to 75 hp engines, there is also a transitional Tier 4 PM standard of 0.22 g/hp-hr in 2008-2012. The corresponding PM EF in NONROAD is 0.20 g/hp-hr.
d For all engines >750 hp, there is also a transitional Tier 4 PM standard of 0.075 g/hp-hr in 2011-2014. The corresponding PM EF in NONROAD is 0.069 g/hp-hr.
e Tier 4 emission factors are considered to be transient, rather than steady-state.
13
-------
Base (Pre-1988), Engines > 50 hp:
For pre-1988 CI engines of greater than 50 hp, NONROAD's steady-state emission
factors are based on the emission factors used in the Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission
Study (NEVES) [6]. The sources of the emission factors used in NEVES are described in
Appendix B. The emission factors vary by application. However, NEVES includes an
adjustment for in-use operation. Since NONROAD uses a different in-use adjustment factor than
NEVES (see Appendix F), the NEVES adjustment is removed to determine pre-1988 average
steady-state emissions.
Because the testing fuel is generally unknown, we assume that the NEVES PM factors
are appropriate for the default certification fuel sulfur content of 0.33 wt.% sulfur used in
NONROAD.
A conversion from gram per gallon to gram per horsepower-hr was made to NEVES
emission rates for the greater than 50 horsepower engines for the diesel recreational marine
categories; inboard, outboard, and sailboat auxiliary. Outboard and sailboat auxiliary engines
above 50 hp were converted from the NEVES gram per gallon to gram per horsepower using the
higher fuel consumption of 0.408 Ibs/hp-hr and 7.1 Ibs/gallon fuel density because these engines
are primarily less than 100 hp. The NEVES emission rate for inboard engines was converted
using the lower fuel consumption rate of 0.367 Ibs/hp-hr because these engines are primarily
above 100 horsepower.
Tier 0 (1988 to Tier 1). Engines <50 hp
For 1988-and-later pre-control engines less than or equal to 50 hp, we will use the
emission factors described in the documentation for ARB's OFF-ROAD model. [9] We have
combined the direct injection and indirect injection factors using the technology fractions listed
in the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) for the emission standards. [10] Again, because the
sulfur content of fuels used in generating these emission factors is unknown, we have assumed
that the PM emission factors are appropriate for the default certification fuel sulfur level of 0.33
weight percent.
Tier 0 (1988 to Tier 1), Engines >50 hp
Recent studies have indicated that, in general, emission rates from Tier 0 engines greater
than 50 hp are lower than for Tier 0 engines less than or equal to 50 hp. For these engines, we
will use emission factors calculated from recent studies. A summary of the emission data from
these studies is provided in Appendix C. As explained in Appendix C, a correction for fuel
sulfur content is applied.
Tier 1 Engines , all hp categories
The NONROAD model's emission factors for Tier 1 engines are based on EPA
certification data. The certification data are described in Appendix D.
Tier 2 Engines. >300 to 600 hp
Since EPA certification data are available for this hp category, the emission factors are
14
-------
based on analysis of the certification data, as described in Appendix D.
Tier 2 Engines <300 hp and > 600 hp and Tier 3 Engines
Since the Tier 2 standard for the 600 to 750 hp category began in 2002, and the Tier 2
standard for the 100 to 300 hp category began in 2003, Tier 2 certification data for these
categories are now available; however, these recent certification data were not yet available at
the time these emission factors were developed. As a result, we developed five alternative
options for calculating zero mile, steady-state emission factors for these engines. These options
were considered in the order they are presented here.
(1) Examine likely impacts of expected technology changes. In this option, we consider
offsetting changes to PM and HC with implementation of stricter emission standards for
NOX. This includes assigning the applicable standard as the PM emission factor without
applying a compliance margin. The compliance margin is the percent difference between
a standard and average emissions at certification for engines manufactured under that
standard.
(2) Assign an emission factor from another hp category. In this option, we assume that an
emission factor based on certification data is applicable to another hp category and is
preferable to applying a compliance margin to the applicable nonroad standard.
(3) Continue to use the Tier 1 or Tier 2 emission factors derived from the nonroad
certification data. In this option, we assume that manufacturers will maintain current
emission levels, e.g., design technologies, if they appear adequate to achieve compliance
while maintaining some margin of safety. Under this option, we would assume that
emission factors remain at the same levels used for Tier 1 or Tier 2 engines.
This option was only considered if the compliance margin (percent difference) between
the proposed emission factor and the applicable nonroad standard was at least 10%. We
based this lower bound (10%) on average highway-certification compliance margins for
NOX, assuming that it represents progressive highway certification experience for a
"controlling pollutant," i.e., a pollutant for which the necessity to achieve compliance
drives innovation in engine design or control technology.
(4) Reduce the applicable nonroad standard by a compliance margin derived from
certification test results for analogous highway engines. We expect that the control of
emissions from nonroad engines will follow a course similar to that experienced for
highway engines, since we believe that as standards for nonroad engines become more
stringent, manufacturers will adopt technologies similar to those already introduced in
highway engines. Based on this expectation, we calculated compliance margins using
highway standards and corresponding highway certification test results. In this
discussion, we will refer to compliance margins calculated for highway engines as
"highway-certification compliance margins" (HCCM). The derivation of the HCCMs is
discussed in detail in Appendix E. An HCCM is only considered for use if it is greater
15
-------
than or equal to 10% and less than 75%.
(5) Apply a default compliance margin of 10%. In this option, we assume that on average,
manufacturers will maintain a minimum compliance margin. This margin is based on
average highway certification compliance margins for NOX, the pollutant appearing to
drive measures to achieve compliance in highway diesel engines. A default compliance
margin was considered when the highway-based compliance margins were outside the
acceptable range. With this option, the applicable nonroad standard is simply reduced by
10%.
The Agency regulates HC and NOX under a combined standard for all Tier 2 and Tier 3
engines. Thus, in order to apply compliance margins for these pollutants, where applicable, we
split the combined standard into pollutant-specific components for HC and NOX. These are
presented in Table 8.
For each pollutant in Tiers 2 and 3, we evaluated one or more of these five options for
each horsepower category. The specific options selected for each pollutant and Tier are
presented in Table 4 thru Table 7 and summarized below:
HC: Tier 2: For categories less than 300 hp, we continued to use the Tier 1 nonroad
certification results (option 3) or applied the default compliance margin (option 5) on an
individual basis by horsepower category to give nonroad compliance margins of at least
10%. We did not use the highway-certification compliance margins because the highway
HC standards have not driven technology development; as a result, the HC standards are
unrelated to the certification values.
For the two hp categories greater than 600 hp, we assigned the emission factor for the
300-600 hp category. The rationale, which applies options 1 and 2, is threefold: 1) all
three hp categories meet the same HC equivalent standard, 2) the use of certification data
is preferable to applying a compliance margin, and 3) changes necessary to meet the Tier
2 NOX standard for the 600-750 hp category are likely to increase HC, so a slight increase
in HC emissions from Tier 1 to Tier 2 for this hp category is not unexpected.
Tier 3: We continued to use the Tier 2 nonroad certification results (option 3) or applied
the default compliance margin (option 5) to give nonroad compliance margins of at least
10%. We ruled out use of highway-certification compliance margins (option 4) for the
same reason as for Tier 2.
CO: Tiers 2 and 3: We continued to use the Tier 1 nonroad certification results (option 2) for
all horsepower categories in Tiers 2 and 3. Highway-certification compliance margins
(option 4) were very large (>90%), and as with HC, give implausibly low emission
factors in Tiers 2 and 3.
16
-------
Table 8. Tier 2 and Tier 3 Combined and Estimated Pollutant-Specific Emissions
Standards for Nonroad Diesel Engines1
Power Range
(hp)
<11
>llto<25
>25 to <50
>50to<100
>100to<175
>175to<300
>300 to <600
>600 to <750
>750
Combined Standard
HC+NOX
(g/hp-hr)
Tier 2
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
TierS
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Estimated
Pollutant-Specific
HC
(g/hp-hr)
Tier 2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
Tier 3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Estimated
Pollutant-Specific
NOX
(g/hp-hr)
Tier 2
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
Tier 3
3.3
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
1 Pollutant-specific components have no regulatory significance and are derived to facilitate
modeling analyses.
Basis for Pollutant-Specific HC and NOX Emission Standards:
Tier 2 <50 hp: As in the RIA [10], EPA assumes minimum HC emissions of 0.6 g/hp-hr based on
ARE data on indirect injection (IDI) engines under 25 hp. This rate is then subtracted from the
combined HC+NOX standard to split the standard into single pollutant emission factors.
Tier 2 >50 hp: As in the RIA [10], the proposed European NOX standard is used to split the
combined HC+NOX standard into single pollutant emission factors.
Tier 3: NONROAD follows the RIA [10] in using engineering judgment to assume minimum HC
emissions of 0.2 g/hp-hr. This rate is then subtracted from the combined HC+NOX standard to
split the standard into single pollutant emission factors.
NOX: Tier 2: We applied highway-certification compliance margins (option 4), continued to use
17
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the Tier 1 nonroad certification results (option 3) or applied the default compliance
margin (option 5) on an individual basis by horsepower category to give compliance
margins of at least 10%.
Tier 3: We applied the highway certification compliance margin (option 4) or the default
compliance margin (option 5) for all horsepower categories. Nonroad certification results
(option 3) did not provide adequate compliance margins.
PM: Tier 2: We applied the first four options on an individual basis by horsepower category to
give compliance margins of at least 10%. The highway-certification compliance margin
used for the 50-100 hp and 100-175 hp categories was 20%.
Tier 3: Tier 3 PM emission factors were set equal to the appropriate nonroad standards.
To meet the NOX Tier 3 standards, technological changes are likely to increase PM;
therefore, compliance margins were not applied to PM (option 1).
Tier 4 Engines
For these engines, an 8% compliance margin was applied to the standards. This
compliance margin was derived from data for highway diesel vehicles and used in the HD2007
rulemaking.
The resulting zero-hour, steady-state emission factors for all Tiers and pollutants are
shown in Table A2 in Appendix A.
Recreational Marine and Underground Mining Emission Factors
Recreational marine CI engines under 50 hp are subject to the Tier 1 and Tier 2 CI engine
standards in the October 1998 rule. (2) Tier 2 standards for recreational marine CI engines over
50 hp were established by the November 2002 rule. (3) More recently, Tier 3 standards were
promulgated for all recreational marine engines [5], so the emission factor inputs used for these
engines do not exactly follow those presented in Table 4 thru Table 7. The emission standards
for this category are provided in Table 9. Table 10 shows the base and controlled recreational
marine emission factors in NONROAD2008a. The technology type names have also been
revised to differentiate marine CI from other CI engines.
Although underground mining equipment emissions are not controlled by EPA, there
have been controls imposed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
The OSHA standards do not directly follow the form used for the NONROAD model, but they
are considered approximately equivalent to the EPA Tier 2 standards for land-based CI
equipment. Therefore, the NONROAD model simply uses the NEVES uncontrolled emission
factors for Base, Tier 0, and Tier 1 underground mining inputs, and then applies the Tier 2
emission factors from Table 4 thru Table 7 for all newer engines.
18
-------
Table 9. Emission Standards for Recreational Marine Diesel Engines
Engine
Power (hp)
<11
>llto<25
>25 to <50
>50to
<100
>100
Engine
Displacement
(L/cyl)
<0.9
<0.9
<0.9
<0.9
<0.9
0.93.5
Model
Year
Start
2000
2005
2009
2000
2005
2009
1999
2004
2009
2014
2007
2009
2014
2007
2012
2006
2013
2006
2014
2009
2013
2009
2012
Regulation
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier3
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier3
Tierl
Tier 2
TierS
TierS
Tier 2
TierS
TierS
Tier 2
TierS
Tier 2
TierS
Tier 2
TierS
Tier 2
TierS
Tier 2
TierS
Emission Standards (g/hp-hr)
NMHC
+NOx
7.8
5.6
7.1
5.6
7.1
5.6
HC
+NOx
5.6
5.6
5.6
3.5
5.6
5.6
3.5
5.6
4.3
5.4
4.3
5.4
4.3
5.4
4.3
5.4
4.3
CO
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
PM
0.75
0.60
0.30
0.60
0.60
0.30
0.60
0.45
0.22
0.15
0.30
0.22
0.22
0.30
0.11
0.22
0.10
0.15
0.10
0.15
0.09
0.15
0.08
NONROAD
Tech Types
TIM
T2M
T3M
TIM
T2M
T3M
TIM
T2M
T3M
T4M
T2M
T3M
T4M
T2M
T3M
T2M
T3M
T2M
T2M
T2M
T3M
T2M
T3M
19
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Table 10. NONROAD Model EF Inputs for Recreational Marine Diesel Engines
Engine Power
(hp)
hp1200
Model
Year Start
Pre-2000
2000
2005
2009
Pre-2000
2000
2005
2009
Pre-1999
1999
2004
2009
2014
Pre-2007
2007
2009
2014
Pre-2006
2006
2012
Pre-2006
2006
2013
Pre-2006
2006
2014
Pre-2006
2006
2013
Pre-2009
2009
2012
Tech Type
BaseM
TIM
T2M
T3M
BaseM
TIM
T2M
T3M
BaseM
TIM
T2M
T3M
T4M
BaseM
T2M
T3M
T4M
BaseM
T2M
T3M
BaseM
T2M
T3M
BaseM
T2M
T3M
BaseM
T2M
T3M
BaseM
T2M
T3M
Emission Factor Modeling Inputs (g/hp-hr)
HC
1.50
0.76
0.68
0.43
1.70
0.44
0.21
0.21
1.80
0.28
0.54
0.41
0.41
0.22
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.22
0.20
0.13
0.22
0.25
0.22
0.22
0.33
0.29
0.22
0.33
0.29
0.22
0.33
0.29
CO
5.00
4.11
4.11
4.11
5.00
2.16
2.16
2.16
5.00
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
NOx
10.00
5.23
4.39
4.39
8.50
4.44
3.63
3.63
6.90
4.73
3.71
3.71
2.32
6.67
3.82
3.82
2.39
6.67
3.82
3.34
6.67
4.46
3.90
6.67
4.42
3.98
6.67
4.42
3.98
6.67
4.42
3.98
PM
1.00
0.45
0.38
0.24
0.90
0.27
0.19
0.19
0.80
0.34
0.23
0.18
0.18
0.16
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.16
0.13
0.088
0.16
0.090
0.080
0.16
0.082
0.072
0.16
0.082
0.072
0.16
0.082
0.064
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.408
0.408
0.408
0.408
0.367
0.367
0.367
0.367
0.367
20
-------
Transient Adjustment Factors-HC, CO, NCK, PM, and BSFC
Nonroad engines are primarily tested with steady-state tests. However, the steady-state
operation typically used for emission testing is not always representative of the operation of
engines in many nonroad applications. Some of the differences can be due to load or engine
speed, and other differences can be due to transient demands. We will apply "transient
adjustment factors" ("TAFs") to the steady-state emission factors previously described. TAFs
are applied to the Base, Tier 0, Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 emission factors. Transient emission
control is expected to be an integral part of all Tier 4 engine design considerations. As a result,
TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines (i.e., the model applies a TAP of
1.0).
We calculate the TAP as the ratio of the transient emission factor (EFtrans) to the
corresponding steady-state (ISO-C1) emission factor (EFM):
FF
iram
EFSS
Transient adjustment factors may be greater than or less than 1.0.
The derivation and application of the TAFs, including the test data used, are described in
more detail in Appendix F.
Table A3 presents the resulting TAFs assigned to each equipment application. The
steady-state emission factors given in Table A2 were then multiplied by the appropriate TAFs to
create NONROAD's emission factor input files for CI engines.
Deterioration Factors-HC, CO, NCK, and PM
The NONROAD model addresses the effects of deterioration in the inventory calculation
by multiplying a zero hour emission factor for each category of engine by a deterioration factor,
DF (see equation 1 above). DF varies as a function of engine age. The following equation is
used to calculate DF as a function of engine age:
DF = 1 + A * (Age Factor)b for Age Factor < 1 [Equation 4]
DF = 1 + A for Age Factor > 1
where: Age Factor = fraction of median life expended = (cumulative hours * load factor)
median life at full load, in hours
A, b = constants for a given pollutant/technology type; b< 1.
Deterioration is capped at the end of an engine's median life (age factor =1), under the
21
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assumption that an engine deteriorates to a point where any increased deterioration is offset by
maintenance.
The constants A and b can be varied to approximate a wide range of deterioration
patterns. "A" can be varied to reflect differences in maximum deterioration. For example,
setting A equal to 2.0 would result in emissions at the engine's median life being three times the
emissions when new (DF = 1+2). The shape of the deterioration function is determined by the
second constant, "b." This constant can be set at any level between zero and 1.0. For
compression-ignition engines, b is always equal to 1.0. This results in a linear deterioration
pattern, in which the rate of deterioration is constant throughout the median life of an engine.
Due to lack of deterioration data for nonroad compression-ignition engines, the
deterioration factors are based on data derived from highway engines. The derivation of the
constant "A" for compression-ignition engines is described in Appendix G and the resulting
deterioration factors (i.e., the constants "A") are given in Table A4.
Sulfur Adjustment for PM Emissions (SpMadi)
Since PM emissions are dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel, an adjustment (SPM
adj) is subtracted from the PM emission factor to account for variations in fuel sulfur content (see
equation 2 above). SPM adj corrects PM emissions from the default fuel sulfur level to the
episodic fuel sulfur level and is calculated using the following equation:
SPM adj = BSFC * 453.6 * 7.0 * soxcnv * 0.01 * (soxbas - soxdsl) [Equation 5]
where: SPM adj = PM sulfur adjustment (g/hp-hr)
BSFC = in-use adjusted brake-specific fuel consumption (Ib fuel/hp-hr)
453.6 = conversion from Ib to grams
7.0 = grams PM sulfate/grams PM sulfur
soxcnv = grams PM sulfur/grams fuel sulfur consumed
0.01= conversion from percent to fraction
soxbas = default certification fuel sulfur weight percent
soxdsl = episodic fuel sulfur weight percent (specified by user)
The soxcnv term represents the fraction of diesel fuel sulfur converted to PM. This varies
by technology type. Soxcnv is equal to 0.02247 for the Base, TO, Tl, T2, T3, T3B, T4A, and
T4B technology types. For Tier 4 engines meeting stringent PM standards below 0.1 g/hp-hr,
soxcnv is equal to 0.30. This applies to the T4 and T4N technology types. If the soxcnv value
for a technology type is not provided in the opt file, the default value used in the model is
0.02247. Derivation of the soxcnv term is described in Appendix C.
Values for the soxbas term vary by technology type and were discussed previously. If the
soxbas value for a technology type is not provided in the opt file, the default value used in the
model is 0.33 weight percent for diesel engines.
22
-------
The model also allows the user to input alternative default certification diesel fuel sulfur
levels (soxbas) for Tier 2 and Tier 3 engines. This is a feature added to the opt file, but not
available through the GUI; therefore, this feature can only be exercised by changing the opt file.
Sample Calculation— EF a,n
The following example illustrates how emission factors are calculated in NONROAD.
Example: Calculate the PM emission factor for a three year old 100-175 hp diesel excavator in
2003. The episodic diesel fuel sulfur level is 2500 ppm. (In NONROAD, three year old
equipment in 2003 translates to equipment made in model year 2001, since the calendar year of
interest is assigned age =1 year).
Needed inputs: For 100-175 hp, MY2001 = Tier 1 (from Table 1)
100-175 hp, Tier 1 PM EFSS = 0.2799 g/hp-hr (from Table A2)
Excavator, Tier 1 PM TAP = 1.23 (from Table A3)
Tier 1 PM Deterioration "A" = 0.473 (from Table A4)
The deterioration factor, DF, is calculated as:
DF = 1 + Accumulative hours * load factor) [Equation 4]
median life at full load, in hours
where: Diesel excavator activity = 1092 hours/year (from activity.dat input file)
Diesel excavator load factor = 0.59 (from activity.dat input file)
Diesel excavator median life = 4667 hours (from us. pop input file)
Cumulative hours = age * activity = 3*1092 = 3276 hours
Substituting the above values into the equation yields:
DF= 1 + 0.473*(3276*0.59) = 1 + 0.473 * 0.414 = 1.196
4667
The sulfur adjustment factor, SPMadj, is calculated as:
= BSFC * 453.6 * 7.0 * soxcnv * 0.01 * (soxbas - soxdsl) [Equation 5]
where: BSFC = 100-175 hp BSFCSS * Excavator BSFC TAP = 0.367*1.01 = 0.371
(BSFCSS from Table A2 and BSFC TAF from Table A3)
soxcnv = 0.02247
soxbas =0.3300
23
-------
soxdsl = 0.2500
Substituting the values into the equation yields:
SpMadj = 0.371* 453.6 * 7.0 * 0.02247 * 0.01 * (0.33 - 0.25) = 0.0212 g/hp-hr
The resulting adjusted emission factor is calculated as follows:
EF adj(PM) = EFSS * TAP * DF - SpMadj
= (0.2799 * 1.23 * 1.196) - 0.0212
= 0.39 g/hp-hr
Emission Factors—COi and SOi
Emission factors for CC>2 and SC>2 are rarely measured, instead they typically are
calculated based on brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC).
The NONROAD model uses in-use adjusted BSFC to compute CC>2 emissions directly,
as shown in the equation below. The carbon that goes to exhaust HC emissions is subtracted as
the correction for unburned fuel. This does not require a CC>2 emission factors input file.
CO2 = (BSFC * 453.6-HC)*0.87* (44/12) [Equation 6]
where
CO2 is in g/hp-hr
BSFC is the in-use adjusted fuel consumption in Ib/hp-hr
453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams
HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr
0.87 is the carbon mass fraction ofdiesel
44/12 is the ratio ofCO2 mass to carbon mass
The model does not require an SC>2 emission factors input file either. EPA will calculate
SO2 emission factors as shown in the equation below.
SO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* (1 - soxcnv) - HC) * 0.01 * soxdsl * 2 [Equation 7]
where
SO2 is in g/hp-hr
BSFC is the in-use adjusted fuel consumption in Ib/hp-hr
453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams
soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to direct PM
HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr
0.01 is the conversion factor from weight percent to weight fraction
soxdsl is the episodic weight percent of sulfur in nonroad diesel fuel
24
-------
2 is the grams of SO 2 formed from a gram of sulfur
This equation includes corrections for the fraction of sulfur that is converted to direct PM
and for the fraction of sulfur remaining in unburned fuel. This equation assumes that the
unburned fuel, as indicated by HC emissions, has the same sulfur level as the base fuel.
Note that BSFC for the pre-control (Tier 0) engines is used for all engines in the model.
As a result, related emissions of CO2 and SO2 will change very little with the advent of new
emission reduction technologies. Minor changes will result as HC emissions are changed, since
the carbon that goes to exhaust HC is subtracted in the CO2 and 862 equations. For diesel
engines, this adjustment is insubstantial.
Crankcase HC Emission Factors
Crankcase emissions are those emissions that escape from the combustion chamber past
the piston rings into the crankcase. For diesel engines with open crankcases, NONROAD
assumes the crankcase HC emission factor is equal to 2.0% of the exhaust HC emission factor.
This applies for all Tier 3 and prior engines. This estimate was obtained from NEVES [6], and is
based on data from on-highway engines. These percentages are applied to the final calculated
exhaust emission factors, so the resulting crankcase emission factors include the same percentage
deterioration as used for exhaust HC. For Tier 4 engines, zero crankcase emissions are assumed.
Crankcase emission factors for all fuel types are discussed in NR-012d, "Nonroad Evaporative
Emission Rates."
Fraction of PM™
The NONROAD PM emission factor files and PM model output include all PM. For
diesel engines, all PM emissions are assumed to be smaller than 10 microns (PMio). The
NONROAD Reporting Utility allows the user to select whether to report results for PMio or
PM2.s (smaller than 2.5 microns). If PM2.s is selected, an adjustment of 0.97 is applied to the
PMio output. This is an updated estimate, based on an analysis of size distribution data for diesel
engines. [11]
25
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References
[1] EPA, "Control of Air Pollution; Determination of Significance forNonroad Sources and
Emission Standards for New Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines At or Above 37 Kilowatts,"
59 FR 31306, June 17, 1994.
[2] EPA, " Control of Emissions of Air Pollution From Nonroad Diesel Engines," 63 FR 56967,
October 23, 1998.
[3] EPA, "Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational
Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule," 67 FR 68241, November 8, 2002.
[4] EPA, "Control of Emissions of Air Pollution From Nonroad Diesel Engines and Fuel; Final
Rule," 69 FR 38958, June 29, 2004.
[5] EPA, "Control of Emissions of Air Pollution From Locomotive Engines and Marine
Compression-Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder; Republican" on," (Final Rule),
73 FR 37096, June 30, 2008.
[6] EPA, "Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study" (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air
and Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991.
[7] EPA, "Suggested Nationwide Average Fuel Properties," U.S. EPA, Office of Transportation
and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-09-018, April 2009.
[8] Korotney, David. "Estimates for In-Use Nonroad Diesel Fuel Levels," Memorandum to
Docket A-96-40. July 1, 1997.
[9] EEA, "Documentation of Input Factors for the New Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions
Inventory Model," ("Inputs...") Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. for California Air
Resources Board. February, 1997.
[10] EPA, "Final Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel
Engines," August, 1998.
[11] Cantrell, Bruce. "Recommended Revision of the Fraction of Diesel Particulate Emissions
Mass Less Than 2.5 Microns in Size," Memorandum to Docket A-2001-28, Document IV-B-21.
October 17, 2003.
26
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Appendix A
CI Inputs for NONROAD2008a:
Technology Distributions
Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors
Transient Adjustment Factors
Deterioration Factors
Al
-------
Table Al. Nonroad CI Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Yeara
Engine Power
(hp)
<25
>25 to 50
>50 to 75
Model Year
Pre-1988
1988-1999
2000-2001
2002-2004
2005
2006-2007
2008-2012
2013+
Pre-1988
1988-1998
1999-2000
2001-2003
2004
2005-2007
2008-2012
2013+
Pre-1998
1988-1997
1998-2003
2004-2005
2006-2007
2008-2009
2010-2012
2013+
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Baseb
1.000
1.000
1.000
TierOb
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
Tierl
0.800
0.900
0.800
0.900
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
Tier 2
0.900
1.000
0.900
1.000
0.800
0.900
Tier3
Tier 3B
Tier4A
1.000
1.000
0.900
1.000
Tier4B
1.000
Tier 4
1.000
1.000
Tier4N
A2
-------
Table Al. Nonroad CI Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Year (cont.)a
Engine Power
(hp)
>75 to 100
>100 to 175
>175 to 300
Model Year
Pre-1998
1988-1997
1998-2003
2004-2005
2006-2007
2008-2009
2010-2011
2012-2013
2014+
Pre-1998
1988-1996
1997-2002
2003-2004
2005-2006
2007-2008
2009-2011
2012-2013
2014+
Pre-1988
1988-1995
1996-2002
2003-2004
2005
2006-2008
2009-2010
2011-2013
2014+
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Baseb
1.000
1.000
1.000
TierOb
1.000
1.000
1.000
Tierl
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
Tier 2
0.800
0.900
0.800
0.900
0.800
0.900
Tier3
0.900
1.000
0.900
1.000
Tier 3B
0.900
1.000
Tier4A
Tier4B
Tier 4
0.500
0.500
0.500
Tier4N
0.500
1.000
0.500
1.000
0.500
1.000
A3
-------
Table Al. Nonroad CI Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Year (cont.)a
Engine Power
(hp)
>300 to 600
>600 to 750
>750
Model Year
Pre-1988
1988-1995
1996-2000
2001-2002
2003-2005
2006
2007-2010
2011-2013
2014+
Pre-1988
1988-1995
1996-2001
2002-2003
2004-2005
2006-2007
2008-2010
2011-2013
2014+
Pre-1988
1988-1999
2000-2005
2006-2007
2008
2009-2010
2011-2014
2015+
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Baseb
1.000
1.000
1.000
TierOb
1.000
1.000
1.000
Tierl
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
0.300
0.200
Tier 2
0.800
0.900
0.800
0.900
0.700
0.800
1.000
Tier3
0.900
1.000
0.900
1.000
Tier 3B
Tier4A
Tier4B
Tier 4
0.500
0.500
1.000
Tier4N
0.500
1.000
0.500
1.000
1.000
Used in NONROAD2008a for all nonroad diesel equipment with the exception of recreational marine engines
and underground mining equipment; these are presented in separate tables. The technology fractions are
contained in the tech-exh.dat model file. Blank cells have a technology fraction of 0.000.
Base = pre-control, pre-1988 MY engines. Tier 0 = pre-control 1988+ MY engines prior to Tier 1.
A4
-------
Table A2. Recreational Marine CI Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Yeara
Engine Power
(hp)
<25
>25 to 50
>50 to 100
>100 to 175
>175 to 300
>300 to 750
Model Year
Pre-1988
1988-1999
2000
2001-2004
2005-2006
2007-2008
2009+
Pre-1988
1988-1998
1999
2000-2003
2004-2005
2006-2008
2009-2013
2014+
Pre-2007
2007-2008
2009-2013
2014+
Pre-2006
2006-2011
2012+
Pre-2006
2006-2012
2013+
Pre-2006
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Baseb
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
TierOb
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
Tierl
0.800
0.900
0.800
0.900
Tier 2
0.900
1.000
0.900
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Tier3
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Tier4c
1.000
1.000
A5
-------
Table A2. Recreational Marine CI Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Year (cont.)a
Engine Power
(hp)
>750 to 1200
>1200
Model Year
2006-2013
2014+
Pre-2006
2006-2012
2013+
Pre-2009
2009-2011
2012+
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Baseb
1.000
1.000
Tier Ob
Tierl
Tier 2
1.000
1.000
1.000
Tier3
1.000
1.000
1.000
Tier4c
The technology fractions are contained in the tech-exh.dat model file. Blank cells have a technology fraction
ofO.OOO.
Base = pre-control, pre-1988 MY engines. Tier 0 = pre-control 1988+ MY engines prior to Tier 1.
This source category is not subject to Tier 4 standards. Some horsepower categories are subject to two phases
of the Tier 3 standard; the second phase is referred to as Tier 4.
A6
-------
Table A3. Underground Mining Equipment
Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Yeara
Engine Power
(hp)
<25
>25 to 50
>50 to 100
>100 to 175
Model Year
Pre-1988
1988-1999
2000-2001
2002-2004
2005
2006+
Pre-1988
1988-1998
1999-2000
2001-2003
2004
2005+
Pre-1988
1988-1997
1998-2003
2004-2005
2006-2007
2008-2009
2010+
Pre-1988
1988-1996
1997-2002
2003-2004
2005-2006
2007-2008
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Baseb
1.000
1.000
Tier Ob
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.100
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.100
1.000
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
Tierl
Tier 2
0.900
1.000
0.900
1.000
0.800
0.900
0.900
1.000
0.800
0.900
0.900
A7
-------
Table A3. Underground Mining Equipment
Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Year (cont.)a
Engine Power
(hp)
>175 to 300
>300 to 600
>600 to 750
>750
Model Year
2009+
Pre-1988
1988-1995
1996-2002
2003-2004
2005
2006-2008
2009+
Pre-1988
1988-1995
1996-2000
2001-2002
2003-2005
2006
2007+
Pre-1988
1988-1995
1996-2001
2002-2003
2004-2005
2006-2007
2008+
Pre-1988
1988-1999
2000-2005
2006-2007
2008
2009+
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Baseb
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Tier Ob
1.000
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
1.000
0.200
0.100
0.100
1.000
1.000
0.300
0.200
Tierl
Tier 2
1.000
0.800
0.900
0.900
1.000
0.800
0.900
0.900
1.000
0.800
0.900
0.900
1.000
0.700
0.800
1.000
The technology fractions are contained in the tech-exh.dat model file. Blank cells have a technology fraction
ofO.OOO.
Base = pre-control, pre-1988 MY engines. Tier 0 = pre-control 1988+ MY engines prior to Tier 1.
A8
-------
Table A4. Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors for Nonroad CI Enginesa
Engine
Power (hp)
>0toll
>llto 16
>16 to 25
>25 to 50
>50 to 75
Technology
Type
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 4A
Tier 4B
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier4A
Tier 4B
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 4A
Tier4B
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 4A
Tier 4
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 4A
Tier 4
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.408b
0.408
0.408
0.408
0.408
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
1.5
1.5
0.7628
0.5508
0.5508
0.5508
1.7
1.7
0.4380
0.4380
0.4380
0.4380
1.7
1.7
0.4380
0.4380
0.4380
0.4380
1.8
1.8
0.2789
0.2789
0.2789
0.1314
CO
5.0
5.0
4.1127
4.1127
4.1127
4.1127
5.0
5.0
2.1610
2.1610
2.1610
2.1610
5.0
5.0
2.1610
2.1610
2.1610
2.1610
5.0
5.0
1.5323
1.5323
1.5323
0.153
NOX
10.0
10.0
5.2298
4.3
4.3
4.3
8.5
8.5
4.4399
4.4399
4.4399
4.4399
8.5
8.5
4.4399
4.4399
4.4399
4.4399
6.9
6.9
4.7279
4.7279
4.7279
3.0000
PM
1.0
1.0
0.4474
0.50
0.28
0.28
0.9
0.9
0.2665
0.2665
0.28
0.28
0.9
0.9
0.2665
0.2665
0.28
0.28
0.8
0.8
0.3389
0.3389
0.20
0.0184
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.99
0.5213
0.3672
0.1836
0.1314
3.49
2.3655
2.3655
2.3655
0.237
6.9
5.5988
4.7
3.0
3.00
0.722
0.4730
0.24
0.20
0.0184
A9
-------
Table A4. Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors for Nonroad CI Engines (cont.)a
Engine
Power (hp)
>75 to 100
>100 to 175
>175 to 300
>300 to 600
>600 to 750
Technology
Type
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 3B
Tier 4
Tier 4N
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier3
Tier 4
Tier 4N
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
TierS
Tier 4
Tier4N
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
TierS
Tier 4
Tier 4N
Base
TierO
Tierl
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.408
0.367
0.367
0.367
0.367
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
CO
NOX
PM
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.99
0.5213
0.3672
0.1836
0.1314
0.1314
3.49
2.3655
2.3655
2.3655
0.237
0.237
6.9
5.5988
4.7
3.0
3.00
0.276
0.722
0.4730
0.24
0.20
0.0092
0.0092
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.68
0.3384
0.3384
0.1836
0.1314
0.1314
2.70
0.8667
0.8667
0.8667
0.087
0.087
8.38
5.6523
4.1
2.5
2.50
0.2760.402
0.402
0.2799
0.18
0.22
0.0092
0.0092
Vary by application, see NE0.2799VES
0.68
0.3085
0.3085
0.1836
0.1314
0.1314
2.70
0.7475
0.7475
0.7475
0.075
0.075
8.38
5.5772
4.0
2.5
2.50
0.276
0.402
0.2521
0.1316
0.15
0.0092
0.0092
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.68
0.2025
0.1669
0.1669
0.1314
0.1314
2.70
1.3060
0.8425
0.8425
0.084
0.084
8.38
6.0153
4.3351
2.5
2.50
0.276
0.402
0.2008
0.1316
0.15
0.0092
0.0092
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.68
0.1473
2.70
1.3272
8.38
5.8215
0.402
0.2201
A10
-------
Table A4. Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors for Nonroad CI Engines (cont.)a
Engine
Power (hp)
>750 except
generator
sets
Gen sets
>750 to 1200
Gen sets
>1200
Technology
Type
Tier 2
TierS
Tier 4
Tier4N
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 4
Tier 4N
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 4
Tier4N
Base
TierO
Tierl
Tier 2
Tier 4
Tier4N
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.367
0.367
0.367
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.1669
0.1669
0.1314
0.1314
CO
1.3272
1.3272
0.133
0.133
NOX
4.1
2.5
2.50
0.276
PM
0.1316
0.15
0.0092
0.0092
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.68
0.2861
0.1669
0.2815
0.1314
2.70
0.7642
0.7642
0.7642
0.076
8.38
6.1525
4.1
2.392
2.392
0.402
0.1934
0.1316
0.069
0.0276
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.68
0.2861
0.1669
0.2815
0.1314
2.70
0.7642
0.7642
0.7642
0.076
8.38
6.1525
4.1
2.392
0.460
0.402
0.1934
0.1316
0.069
0.0184
Vary by application, see NEVES
0.68
0.2861
0.1669
0.2815
0.1314
2.70
0.7642
0.7642
0.7642
0.076
8.38
6.1525
4.1
0.460
0.460
0.402
0.1934
0.1316
0.069
0.0184
aPrior to listing in NONROAD input files, these ISO-C1 emission factors are adjusted for in-use operation as explained in
Appendix F. The emission factors in the input files are rounded to two decimal places. The emission factors for
recreational marine CI engines are provided in Table 10. Underground mining equipment inputs are just the Base (NEVES)
and Tier 2 values from this table.
bBSFC for engines <50 hp is assumed to be the same as 50-100 hp engines
All
-------
Table A5. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment a
sec
2270001 000
2270001 020
2270001 030
2270001 040
2270001050
2270001060
2270002003
2270002006
2270002009
2270002015
227000201 8
2270002021
2270002024
2270002027
2270002030
2270002033
2270002036
2270002039
2270002042
2270002045
2270002048
2270002051
2270002054
2270002057
2270002060
2270002063
2270002066
2270002069
2270002072
2270002075
2270002078
2270002081
Equipment Type
Recreational Vehicles All
Recreational Vehicles Snowmobiles
Recreational Vehicles All Terrain Vehicles
Recreational Vehicles Minibikes
Recreational Vehicles Golf Carts
Recreational Vehicles Speciality Vehicle Carts
Construction Equipment Pavers
Construction Equipment Tampers/Rammers
Construction Equipment Plate Compactors
Construction Equipment Rollers
Construction Equipment Scrapers
Construction Equipment Paving Equipment
Construction Equipment Surfacing Equipment
Construction Equipment Signal Boards
Construction Equipment Trenchers
Construction Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs
Construction Equipment Excavators
Construction Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws
Construction Equipment Cement & Mortar Mixers
Construction Equipment Cranes
Construction Equipment Graders
Construction Equipment Off-highway Trucks
Construction Equipment Crushing/Proc. Equipment
Construction Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts
Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders
Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Dozers
Construction Equipment
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
Construction Equipment Crawler Dozer
Construction Equipment Skid Steer Loaders
Construction Equipment Off-Highway Tractors
Construction Equipment Dumpers/Tenders
Construction Equipment Other Construction
Cycle
Backhoe
None
None
None
None
Backhoe
Crawler
None
None
Crawler
Crawler
Crawler
Crawler
None
Crawler
None
Excavator
Crawler
None
None
Crawler
Crawler
None
RTLoader
RTLoader
Crawler
Backhoe
Crawler
SSLoader
Crawler
Backhoe
Crawler
TAP
Assignment
Lo LF
None
None
None
None
LoLF
Hi LF
None
None
Hi LF
Hi LF
HiLF
Hi LF
None
HiLF
None
Hi LF
HiLF
None
None
HiLF
HiLF
None
HiLF
HiLF
Hi LF
LoLF
HiLF
LoLF
Hi LF
LoLF
HiLF
HC
Base-T3
2.29
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.29
1.05
1.00
1.00
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.00
1.05
1.00
1.05
1.05
1.00
1.00
1.05
1.05
1.00
1.05
1.05
1.05
2.29
1.05
2.29
1.05
2.29
1.05
CO
Base-T3
2.57
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.57
1.53
1.00
1.00
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.00
1.53
1.00
1.53
1.53
1.00
1.00
1.53
1.53
1.00
1.53
1.53
1.53
2.57
1.53
2.57
1.53
2.57
1.53
NOX
Base, TO-T2
1.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.10
0.95
1.00
1.00
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.00
0.95
1.00
0.95
0.95
1.00
1.00
0.95
0.95
1.00
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.10
0.95
1.10
0.95
1.10
0.95
TierS
1.21
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.21
1.04
1.00
1.00
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.00
1.04
1.00
1.04
1.04
1.00
1.00
1.04
1.04
1.00
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.21
1.04
1.21
1.04
1.21
1.04
PM
Base, TO-T2
1.97
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.97
1.23
1.00
1.00
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.00
1.23
1.00
1.23
1.23
1.00
1.00
1.23
1.23
1.00
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.97
1.23
1.97
1.23
1.97
1.23
TierS
2.37
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.37
1.47
1.00
1.00
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.00
1.47
1.00
1.47
1.47
1.00
1.00
1.47
1.47
1.00
1.47
1.47
1.47
2.37
1.47
2.37
1.47
2.37
1.47
BSFC
Base-T3
1.18
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.18
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.18
1.01
1.18
1.01
1.18
1.01
A12
-------
Table A5. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment a
sec
227000301 0
2270003020
2270003030
2270003040
2270003050
2270003060
2270003070
2270004000
2270004010
227000401 1
227000401 5
227000401 6
2270004020
2270004021
2270004025
2270004026
2270004030
2270004031
2270004035
2270004036
2270004040
2270004041
2270004045
Equipment Type
Equipment
Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts
Industrial Equipment Forklifts
Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers
Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial
Equipment
Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling
Equipment
Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration
Terminal Tractors
Lawn & Garden Equipment ALL
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers
(Residential)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush
Cutters
Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush
Cutters (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums
Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers
Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding
Mowers
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding
Mowers (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers
Cycle
Backhoe
RTLoader
None
None
Backhoe
None
Crawler
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
TAP
Assignment
Lo LF
HiLF
None
None
Lo LF
None
Hi LF
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
HC
Base-T3
2.29
1.05
1.00
1.00
2.29
1.00
1.05
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
CO
Base-T3
2.57
1.53
1.00
1.00
2.57
1.00
1.53
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
NOX
Base, TO-T2
1.10
0.95
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.00
0.95
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
TierS
1.21
1.04
1.00
1.00
1.21
1.00
1.04
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
PM
Base, TO-T2
1.97
1.23
1.00
1.00
1.97
1.00
1.23
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
TierS
2.37
1.47
1.00
1.00
2.37
1.00
1.47
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
BSFC
Base-T3
1.18
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.18
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
A13
-------
Table A5. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment a
sec
2270004046
2270004050
2270004051
2270004055
2270004056
2270004060
2270004061
2270004065
2270004066
2270004071
2270004075
2270004076
227000501 0
227000501 5
2270005020
2270005025
2270005030
2270005035
2270005040
2270005045
2270005050
2270005055
2270005060
2270006000
2270006005
Equipment Type
Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP
Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden
Tractors
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden
Tractors (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters
Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump
Grinders
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump
Grinders (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Commercial Turf
Equipment (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden
Equipment
Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden
Equipment (Commercial)
Farm Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors
Farm Equipment Agricultural Tractors
Farm Equipment Combines
Farm Equipment Balers
Farm Equipment Agricultural Mowers
Farm Equipment Sprayers
Farm Equipment Tillers > 6 HP
Farm Equipment Swathers
Farm Equipment Hydro Power Units
Farm Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment
Farm Equipment Irrigation Sets
Light Commercial ALL
Light Commercial Generator Sets
Cycle
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
None
AgTractor
None
None
None
TAP
Assignment
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Hi LF
HiLF
Hi LF
Hi LF
HiLF
Hi LF
Hi LF
HiLF
None
Hi LF
None
None
None
HC
Base-T3
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.00
1.05
1.00
1.00
1.00
CO
Base-T3
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.00
1.53
1.00
1.00
1.00
NOX
Base, TO-T2
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.00
0.95
1.00
1.00
1.00
TierS
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.00
1.04
1.00
1.00
1.00
PM
Base, TO-T2
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.00
1.23
1.00
1.00
1.00
TierS
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.00
1.47
1.00
1.00
1.00
BSFC
Base-T3
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
A14
-------
Table A5. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment a
sec
227000601 0
227000601 5
2270006020
2270006025
2270006030
2270007005
2270007010
2270007015
2270008005
2270009010
2270010010
2282020005
228202001 0
2282020015
2282020025
2285002015
Equipment Type
Light Commercial Pumps
Light Commercial Air Compressors
Light Commercial Gas Compressors
Light Commercial Welders
Light Commercial Pressure Washers
Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP
Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP
Logging Equipment Forest Equipment
Airport Service Equipment Airport Support
Equipment
Other Underground Mining Equipment
Other Oil Field Equipment
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Inboards
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Outboards
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Personal Water Craft
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Sailboat Aux.
Outboard
Railway Maintenance
Cycle
None
None
None
ArcWelder
None
RTLoader
RTLoader
RTLoader
RTLoader
Backhoe
None
None
None
None
None
Backhoe
TAP
Assignment
None
None
None
Lo LF
None
HiLF
Hi LF
Hi LF
HiLF
LoLF
None
None
None
None
None
LoLF
HC
Base-T3
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.29
1.00
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
2.29
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.29
CO
Base-T3
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.57
1.00
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
2.57
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.57
NOX
Base, TO-T2
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.00
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.10
TierS
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.21
1.00
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.21
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.21
PM
Base, TO-T2
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.97
1.00
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.97
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.97
TierS
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.37
1.00
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
2.37
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.37
BSFC
Base-T3
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.18
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.18
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.18
a TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines (i.e., the model applies a TAF of 1.0). "Base-T3" in this table refers to Tier 3 and prior engines.
A15
-------
Table A6. Deterioration Factors for Nonroad Diesel Engines
Pollutant
HC
CO
NOX
PM
Relative Deterioration Factor (^4)
(% increase/%useful life)
Base/Tier 0
0.047
0.185
0.024
0.473
Tier 1
0.036
0.101
0.024
0.473
Tier 2
0.034
0.101
0.009
0.473
Tier 3+
0.027
0.151
0.008
0.473
DF =l+A*(fraction of useful life expended)8
B = 1 for diesel nonroad engines
A16
-------
Appendix B
Sources of Previous Emission Factors for
Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines
There is little test data available on nonroad engines. Table Bl lists the data sources used
for EPA's Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Study's (NEVES) diesel emission factors. Published in
November, 1991, NEVES was mandated by Congress to determine whether nonroad sources
made a significant contribution to urban air pollution. It covers HC, CO, NOX, PM, SOX and
other pollutants. It provides inventories for 19 ozone and 16 CO nonattainment areas.
Table B1. Data sources for NEVES Diesel Emission Factors
Application
Lawn and Garden and
Light Commercial
Agriculture
Construction
Logging (skidders)
Industrial and
Airport Service Equipment
Recreational Marine
(Inboard)
Emissions Test
Data Source
None
Cal/ERT, 1982
EMA
SwRI, 1973
Cal/ERT, 1982
EMA
SwRI, 1973
NMMA
Notes
NEVES emission factors
were based on factors for
"continuous service diesel <
50 hp" SwRI, 1991, which
are based on Radian, 1988
factors for truck/container
refrigeration units.
NEVES emission factors
were based on EMA when
possible. For PM and for
applications not available
from EMA, factors were
taken from AP-42, which
relies on Cal/ERT for most
emission factors and on
SwRI, 1973 for PM and
SOx.
Bl
-------
Table B2 lists the data sources used for California's Air Resources Board (ARB)
OFFROAD diesel emission factors. OFFROAD is designed to estimate nonroad emissions for
the state of California only. A version of this model was released in late summer 1997. It covers
HC, CO, NOX, PM, SO2, and CO2. The studies listed in the tables are described below.
Table B2. Data sources for ARB OFFROAD Diesel Emission Factors
Horsepower Class
Emissions Test
Data Source
Notes
0-15 hp
Manufacturers' data—
2 Yanmar engines
1 Deutz engine
15-25hp
Manufacturers (ARB Off-
Road Equipment Study,
1990)
25-50 hp
Manufacturers Submissions
(ARB Off-Road Equipment
Study, 1990 )
50-125 hp
Manufacturers (CA HD
Construction Study, 1988)
125-250
250+
Manufacturers (CA HD
Construction Study, 1988)
ARB factors on all engines
from 125 hp and above are
based on the same data, but
the weighting between turbo-
charged and naturally
aspirated engines is different
in the two horsepower
categories listed here.
Description and Citations of Sources used for Previous Emission Factors
Radian, 1988. Radian's estimates of HC, CO, NOX and PM for truck/container refrigeration units
are not based on testing, but on Radian's estimates for "typical small direct injection and indirect
injection diesel engines." (Weaver, C.S., "Feasibility and Cost Effectiveness of Controlling
Emissions from Diesel Engines in Rail, Marine, Construction, Farm and Other Mobile Off-
Highway Equipment." Final Report by Radian Corporation for U.S. EPA, Office of Policy
Analysis, under contract 68-01-7288, February, 1988.)
B2
-------
SwRI, 1973. Southwest Research Institute tested 8 diesel engines for HC, CO, NOX and PM.
Emissions of SOx were calculated for no. 2 diesel fuel assuming sulfur content of 0.22%. BSFC
is not stated. The emissions tests were given different weightings to estimate industrial,
construction and farm equipment emission factors. (Hare, C.T and KJ. Springer. Exhaust
Emission from Uncontrolled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using Internal Combustion
Engines, Final Report, Part 5, Heavy Duty Farm, Construction and Agricultural Engines. San
Antonio TX: Southwest Research Institute, October 1973.)
EMA. Emission factors for 17 applications based on unknown number of tests, unknown
horsepower engines. Engine vintage unknown, but data was submitted by the Engine
Manufacturers Association to EPA prior to NEVES (1991). (Listed in NEVES table 1-06.)
Cal/ERT, 1982. Data from 13 engine manufacturers representing 391 models of construction
equipment. Raw data was aggregated by an accounting firm prior to analysis and reporting.
(Environmental Research and Technology, Inc. "Feasibility, Cost and Air Quality Impact of
Potential Emission Control Requirements on Farm, Construction and Industrial Equipment in
California", Document PA841, sponsored by the Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute,
Engine Manufacturers Association, and Construction Industry Manufacturers Association, May
1982.)
NMMA. The National Marine Manufacturers Association submitted data to EPA on HC, CO,
NOX and BSFC for 3 diesel inboard motors. Engine vintage unknown, but data was submitted to
EPA prior to NEVES (1991). (NEVES, Table 1-1 l(e).)
ARE Off-Road Study, 1990. A study of lawn and garden and utility emissions. (Manufacturer
Submissions to ARE on Exhaust Emission Standards for Utility and Lawn and Garden
Equipment Engines. California ARB, October 1990. EPA requests assistance in locating this
study)
ARB Heavy Duty Construction Study, 1988.1 Reports HC, NOX and PM emission factors based
on emission information from four manufacturers. Does not include information on test
programs. It is not clear how data collected in the study was used to create the inputs for the
ARB model. (Energy and Environment Analysis, Inc. " Feasibility of Controlling Emissions
from Off-Road, Heavy-Duty Construction Equipment." Final Report to the California Air
Resources Board. Arlington, VA, December 1988.)
B3
-------
Appendix C
1988-1995 (Tier 0) Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors and
Fuel Sulfur Adjustment for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines
Introduction
EPA's 1991 Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study (NEVES) (1) used emission
factors for diesel engines based primarily on tests of older engines. All the NEVES particulate
matter (PM) emission factors are from tests conducted in 1972 and many of the other emissions
factors in NEVES are based on data from tests prior to 1982.
To better characterize emissions from more recent, pre-control engines, EPA analyzed
available emission test data on 1988-1995 nonroad diesel engines. This analysis provides the
basis for NONROAD pre-control emission factors for 1988-and-later engines greater than 50 hp,
as described in the main body of this report. The analysis indicated a significant difference in
emissions based on engine power. Engines between 50 and 100 horsepower in general had
higher emissions and fuel consumption than engines larger than 100 horsepower. Table Cl
summarizes these results.
Table Cl. Average Emission Test Results for 1988 to 1995 Model Year Engines
Engine
(Reference)
Average (50
to lOOhp)
Average
(>=100 hp)
HC
(g/hp-hr)
0.99
0.68
CO
(g/hp-hr)
3.49
2.70
NOX
(g/hp-hr)
8.30
8.38
PM
(g/hp-hr)
0.722
0.402
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.408
0.367
A summary of test results for individual engines is presented in Table C2. Note that
testing was conducted using the current certification test procedure, also known as ISO-C1. The
procedure uses eight steady-state modes weighted by time to produce one number in units such
as grams per horsepower-hour. EPA adjusted this test data to account for differences between
the test fuel and typical in-use fuel sulfur levels of 0.33 wt. percent as explained below.
Cl
-------
Table C2. Summary of ISO-C1 Emission Results for 1988 through 1995 Engines
Engine
(Reference)
Ford New
Holland (2)
John Deere
7068T (2)
Volvo TD
71G(avg. of
2) (3)
Volvo TD73
KBE (avg. of
2) (3)
Weterbeke
32BEDA (4)
Caterpillar
3176B(4)
Cummins
KTA19-M3
(4)
Caterpillar
3306
(Nonroad) (5)
Cummins 4BT
(Nonroad) (5)
John Deere
403 9D (6)
Caterpillar
3116(7)
Caterpillar
3054 (7)
John Deere
4039 (7)
John Deere
7076 (7)
Model
Year
1991
1990
1984
1992
1995
1995
1995
1990
1990
1991
1991
1991
1994
1993
Age
(Hrs)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,511
1,964
2,265
3,300
Fuel
Sulfur
(wt. %)
0.26
0.26
0.046
0.046
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.28
0.035
0.28
0.035
0.28
0.035
0.28
Power
Level
(hp)
127
139
144
139
95
451
599
285
100
72
201
85
86
174
HC
(g/hp-hr)
1.02
0.45
0.47
0.64
1.95
0.09
0.68
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.07
0.66
0.41
0.53
CO
(g/hp-hr)
7.70
2.98
1.64
0.85
7.43
2.94
3.26
1.4
2.1
3.5
2.51
1.00
2.17
2.05
NOX
(g/hp-hr)
7.48
11.74
12.68
4.52
7.99
6.37
8.78
6.5
11
7.2
9.38
7.53
11.22
10.22
PM
(g/hp-hr)
1.10
0.41
0.149
0.12
1.50
0.213
0.257
0.18
0.39
0.59
0.406
0.350
0.387
0.340
0.384
0.256
0.250
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.358
0.349
0.373
0.386
0.484
0.358
0.359
0.354
0.365
0.385
0.352
0.393
0.389
0.385
C2
-------
Engine
(Reference)
Consolidated
Diesel
6TA-830 (7)
John Deere
6619 (7)
Consolidated
Diesel 4039
(7)
Caterpillar
3306 (7)
Average
(50 to 100 hp)
Average
(>=100 hp)
Model
Year
1990
1993
1988
1990
Age
(Hrs)
4,370
4,970
3,570
6,700
Fuel
Sulfur
(wt. %)
0.035
0.28
0.035
0.28
0.035
0.28
0.035
0.28
0.035
0.33
0.33
Power
Level
(hp)
226
275
71
278
HC
(g/hp-hr)
0.86
0.82
1.32
1.27
0.99
0.68
CO
(g/hp-hr)
1.50
4.69
3.37
1.46
3.49
2.70
NOX
(g/hp-hr)
6.53
7.29
7.57
6.52
8.30
8.38
PM
(g/hp-hr)
0.205
0.397
0.338
0.662
0.556
0.581
0.484
0.248
0.245
0.722*
0.402*
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.365
0.397
0.389
0.373
0.408
0.367
* Adjusted to the national average fuel sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent
Fuel Sulfur Adjustment
PM emissions from diesel engines are highly dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel
the engine is burning. PM emissions from diesel engines are generally comprised of unburned or
partially burned fuel, engine oil, and sulfur compounds. When the engine burns fuel, the fuel
sulfur is oxidized to both sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. The sulfur trioxide rapidly absorbs
water to form hydrated sulfuric acid which condenses and is collected on filters as particulate
matter (PM) during emission testing.
Because the sulfur content of diesel fuel can vary considerably, it is important to account
for fuel sulfur in establishing emission factors for PM. To adjust emission test data to the default
sulfur level used in NONROAD (0.33 wt. percent), EPA followed the approach described below.
EPA measured particulate emissions from nine nonroad diesel engines using fuel with
two different sulfur levels, a typical highway diesel fuel at a sulfur level of 0.035 weight percent
and a typical nonroad diesel fuel doped to a sulfur level of 0.28 weight percent to simulate more
closely the average nonroad diesel fuel sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent. (8) Data from eight
of the engines is listed in Table C2, above. In addition, the study included a 1997 John Deere
nonroad engine. This engine is not shown in Table C2 because it is certified for the Tier 1
C3
-------
emission regulations and should not be used to determine an overall emission factor for pre-
control engines. Test results from this study (including all 9 engines tested) were used to
determine the emission adjustment associated with fuel sulfur level. Other fuel parameter
differences such as cetane and fuel distillation that might also have affected particulate emissions
were ignored for this analysis.
The study found that emissions of all pollutants were reduced by using highway fuel as
compared to the nonroad fuel; however, only the average PM reduction was statistically
significant at the 90% confidence level.
The particulate sulfur emission rate should be proportional to the fuel consumption and
the fuel sulfur level. By dividing the difference in particulate emissions by the difference in fuel
sulfur consumption, EPA calculated the average effect of fuel sulfur levels on PM emissions for
the nine engines, as shown in Table C3 below.
Table C3. Effects of Fuel Sulfur on PM Emissions
Engine
Cat 3 116
Cat 3 116
Cat 3054
Cat 3054
Deere 4039
Deere 4039
Deere 7076
Deere 7076
ConDsl 6TA-830
ConDsl 6TA-830
Deere 66 19
Deere 66 19
ConDsl 403 9
ConDsl 403 9
Cat 3306
Cat 3306
Deere 6 101
Deere 6 101
MY
1991
1991
1991
1991
1994
1994
1993
1993
1990
1990
1993
1993
1988
1988
1990
1990
1997
1997
Fuel Sulfur
(wt percent)
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
0.280
0.035
PM
(g/hp-hr)
0.406
0.350
0.387
0.340
0.384
0.256
0.250
0.205
0.397
0.338
0.662
0.556
0.581
0.484
0.248
0.245
0.186
0.129
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.352
0.352
0.393
0.393
0.389
0.389
0.385
0.385
0.365
0.365
0.397
0.397
0.389
0.389
0.373
0.373
0.350
0.350
Delta
PM
(g/hp-hr)
0.056
0.047
0.128
0.045
0.059
0.106
0.097
0.003
0.057
Delta Fuel
Sulfur
Consumed*
(g/hp-hr)
0.391
0.437
0.432
0.428
0.405
0.441
0.432
0.415
0.389
Delta PM
/ Delta
Sulfur
0.143
0.107
0.296
0.105
0.146
0.240
0.225
0.007
0.147
Average: 0.1573
* Delta fuel sulfur consumed (g S/hp-hr) = 0.01*(0.280-0.035)*BSFC*453.6 g/lb
C4
-------
The value of 0.1573 is the average change in PM emissions per change in grams of fuel
sulfur consumed. The change in PM emissions would be due to PM sulfate, so this can also be
expressed as the change in PM sulfate emissions per change in grams of fuel sulfur consumed.
We assume that PM sulfate is H2SO4:7H20 (sulfuric acid hydrated seven times). For PM
sulfate, there is 7.0 grams sulfate per gram sulfur. Therefore, 0.1573 -s-7 = 0.02247 grams PM
sulfur per gram fuel sulfur consumed, which is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to PM. In the
NONROAD model, the change in PM emissions per change in grams of fuel sulfur consumed is
expressed as the term, "soxcnv * 7," where soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to PM
and 7 is the grams sulfate PM per gram sulfur. Soxcnv is equal to 0.02247 and soxcnv * 7 is
equal to 0.157 for diesel equipment not equipped with advanced oxidation catalyst technologies.
This applies to the Base, Tier 0, Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3, Tier 3B, Tier 4A, and Tier 4B technology
types in NONROAD.
Consistent with our analysis in the Heavy-Duty (HD) 2007 highway rule, we have
assumed that the conversion of fuel sulfur to sulfate emissions for engines equipped with
advanced oxidation catalyst technologies (e.g., catalyzed diesel particulate filters) will be 30
percent. As a result, soxcnv is equal to 0.30 for the Tier 4 and Tier 4N technology types in
NONROAD. The balance (70 percent) of the fuel sulfur is assumed to be emitted as SO2. The
memo to EPA Air Docket A-99-06 Item II-B-32 documents the analysis from the HD 2007
rulemaking. Extensive discussion of diesel fuel sulfur oxidation to sulfate PM can be found in
Chapter 3 of the HD 2007 Final Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) and in Chapter 4 of the
nonroad Tier 4 RIA. The 30 percent conversion of fuel sulfur to sulfate represents an assumed
average rate; sulfur conversion rates can vary widely depending upon operating conditions and
catalyst technology.
The above analysis of engine test data provided the constant "A" in the equation below,
which describes the adjustment made to correct PM emissions from the test fuel sulfur level to
the default sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent.
PMBase = PM + BSFC * A * (0.0033 - Fuel Sulfur)
where
PMBase = PM emissions with default fuel, in g/hp-hr
PM = PM emissions with test fuel, in g/hp-hr
BSFC = Brake Specific Fuel Consumption in g/hp-hr
A = 0.157gPM/hp-hr/Weight Fraction sulfur/BSFC
0.0033= the default weight fraction of fuel sulfur for nonroad diesel
Fuel Sulfur = Weight Fraction of sulfur in test fuel
EPA then used this equation for all tests listed in Table C2 to correct PM emissions from
the test-fuel sulfur level to a fuel sulfur level of 0.33 wt.% before computing the averages listed
in Table Cl and at the bottom of Table C2. Since the engines tested are pre-Tier 4 technologies,
the constant "A" value of 0.157 was used in the equation.
C5
-------
References
(l)"Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study" (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and
Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991.
(2) Doorlag, M. andM. Samulski. "Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report: Non-Road Engine
Configurations, Test Results 1991" EPA Technical Report, 1991.
(3) Hedbom, A. "Emission tests of two Volvo//VME Heavy Duty Off Road Engines."
Motortestcenter, Hanige, Sweden. MTC 9307A. March. 1994.
(4) Carroll, J.N. and C. M. Urban. "Emission Testing of Nonroad Compression Ignition
Engines." Draft Final Report. Southwest Research Institute, 6886-802. September 1995.
(5) Fritz, S. G., "Dynamometer Testing of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines to Support
Non-Road Regulations," SwRI Report No. 08-3426-010, Work Assignment 0-10 of
EPA Contract No. 68-CO-0014 (September 1991).
(6) Smith, Michael. "Dynamometer Testing of Nonroad Diesel Engines to Support Nonroad
Regulations." Southwest Research Institute, 08-4855-150, EPA Docket A-91-24, June 1992.
(7) Fritz, S. G. and M.E. Starr, "Emission Factors for Compression Ignition Nonroad Engines
Operated on Number 2 Highway and Nonroad Diesel Fuel," Southwest Research Institute. EPA
contract # 68-C5-0077, SwRI 08-7601-822, March 1998.
(8) Korotney, David. "Estimates for In-Use Nonroad Diesel Fuel Levels," Memorandum to
Docket A-96-40. July 1, 1997.
C6
-------
Appendix D
Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines
Certification data were available and therefore used to develop zero-mile, steady-state
emission factors for Tier 1 engines in all hp categories and Tier 2 engines in the >300 to 600 hp
category. Certification data were extracted from the database as of October, 2001. Official test
results (OTR values) obtained with the nonroad 8-mode test procedure were used. Note that
emissions for some engines exceed the applicable standards if the engine families are part of the
Average Banking and Trading (ABT) program.
Tests were conducted with fuel meeting either diesel nonroad or diesel on-highway
specifications. For tests conducted on the Tier 1 engines with diesel on-highway fuel, the PM
emissions were adjusted from 350 ppm to 3300 ppm sulfur (the default diesel sulfur level used in
NONROAD), using the equation described in Appendix C. For tests conducted on the Tier 2
engines with diesel on-highway fuel, the PM emissions were adjusted from 350 ppm to 2000
ppm. An estimate of brake-specific fuel consumption is required to calculate the adjustment. If
the fuel rate for a certification test was reported, the engine-specific BSFC was calculated and
used directly. If the fuel rate was not reported, the default BSFC values in NONROAD were
used to calculate the adjustment.
The certification data were grouped by model year and by hp category. Sales-weighted
emission averages were calculated for each model year/hp category. Then, for each hp category,
a straight average of the applicable model year data was used.
For categories less than 50 hp, the Tier 1 standard for HC and NOX is expressed as a
combination of HC and NOX (HC+NOX, refer to Table 1). As a result, most of the certification
data for these engines is provided as the sum of HC and NOX, although there are some data
reported for HC and NOX separately. To obtain separate HC and NOX emission factors for
categories less than 50 hp, HC fractions of HC+NOX emissions were calculated for those tests
which reported both HC and HC+NOX emission factors. The average HC fraction was then
calculated and multiplied by the sales-weighted average HC+NOX emission factor to obtain an
HC emission factor (referred to as HC calc in the tables). The remaining fraction of the
HC+NOX emission factor was assigned as the NOX emission factor (referred to as NOX calc in
the tables). This was done for each model year and for each of the hp categories less than 50 hp
(i.e., 0-11 hp, 11-25 hp, 25-50 hp).
Table Dl presents a summary of the results, as well as the sample sizes for each
pollutant/model year/hp category. The numbers in bold are those used in the model. Tables D2-
D7 present the individual engine emissions data and sales weightings for each model year and hp
category. The engine identification and specific sales information have been removed. For
categories less than 50 hp, the HC fractions, HC calc emission factors, and NOX calc emission
factors are also provided. The HC calc and NOx calc emission factors are used in the model.
Dl
-------
Table Dl. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines*
>0to11 hp
g/hp-hr
2000
2001
average
sample size
>11
2000
2001
total
to 25 hp
g/hp-hr
2000
2001
average
sample size
>25
2000
2001
total
to 50 hp
g/hp-hr
1999
2000
2001
average
sample size
1999
2000
2001
total
HC
0.692103
0.828378
0.760241
HC
4
5
9
HC
0.489983
0.447831
0.468907
HC
9
16
25
HC
0.496458
0.452946
0.472917
0.474107
HC
11
14
25
50
NOx
5.170337
5.073763
5.12205
NOx
6
5
11
NOx
3.749647
4.109521
3.929584
NOx
10
16
26
NOx
4.558405
4.893606
4.469647
4.640553
NOx
15
22
35
72
HC+NOx
5.966223
6.018891
5.992557
HC+NOx
20
19
39
HC+NOx
4.9489
4.80692
4.87791
HC+NOx
40
43
83
HC+NOx
4.983359
5.083919
4.952901
5.006726
HC+NOx
72
95
103
270
CO
4.051366
4.174066
4.1127
CO
20
19
39
CO
2.207041
2.114884
2.1610
CO
39
43
82
CO
1.54213
1 .522782
1 .532028
1.5323
CO
72
96
104
272
PM HC frac
0.452858 0.113196
0.44201 0.141247
0.4474
PM
20
19
39
PM HC frac
0.289982 0.081156
0.242992 0.09869
0.2665
PM
40
43
83
PM HC frac
0.35614 0.047095
0.331337 0.056039
0.329222 0.064006
0.3389
PM
72
96
104
272
HC calc
0.675351
0.850153
0.7628
HC calc
0.401631
0.474395
0.4380
HC calc
0.23469
0.284899
0.317014
0.2789
NOx calc
5.290871
5.168738
5.2298
NOx calc
4.547269
4.332525
4.4399
NOx calc
4.748669
4.79902
4.635887
4.7279
D2
-------
Table Dl. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines (cont)*
>50to100 hp
g/hp-hr
1998
1999
2000
2001
average
sample size
1998
1999
2000
2001
total
>100to175hp
g/hp-hr
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
average
sample size
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
total
>1 75 to 300 hp
g/hp-hr
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
average
sample size
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
total
HC
0.528845
0.517642
0.46289
0.575867
0.5213
HC
18
27
35
40
120
HC
0.297479
0.355336
0.35159
0.33246
0.355107
0.3384
HC
29
25
25
27
34
140
HC
0.331633
0.307044
0.316321
0.314974
0.26631
0.314765
0.3085
HC
44
43
72
71
64
86
380
NOx
5.682411
5.613376
5.494892
5.604515
5.5988
NOx
71
91
104
127
393
NOx
5.599201
5.743938
5.749792
5.593736
5.574714
5.6523
NOx
43
52
59
61
69
284
NOx
5.667602
5.723983
5.574079
5.549376
5.441729
5.506545
5.5772
NOx
44
43
72
71
64
86
380
HC+NOx
4.235576
6.569501
4.235576
5.976957
5.254402
HC+NOx
1
3
1
3
8
HC+NOx
HC+NOx
0
0
0
0
0
0
HC+NOx
4.54
4.203295
4.371648
HC+NOx
0
0
0
0
2
6
8
CO
2.753546
2.34687
2.047055
2.314372
2.3655
CO
21
33
38
47
139
CO
0.745072
0.961288
0.93731
0.68581
1 .003922
0.8667
CO
29
27
27
29
37
149
CO
0.834876
0.819777
0.722968
0.695869
0.666725
0.744633
0.7475
CO
44
43
72
71
64
88
382
PM
0.472055
0.452553
0.460428
0.506824
0.4730
PM
19
31
36
43
129
PM
0.281314
0.276378
0.270345
0.282059
0.28934
0.2799
PM
25
24
25
28
36
138
PM
0.239994
0.24542
0.262486
0.257528
0.240685
0.266622
0.2521
PM
44
43
72
71
64
88
382
D3
-------
Table Dl. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines
(cont)*
>300 to 600
g/hp-hr
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
average
2001 Tier 2
sample size
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
total
>600 to 750
g/hp-hr
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
average
sample size
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
total
HC
0.260521
0.1553
0.209071
0.201521
0.186024
0.2025
0.1669
HC
40
35
48
55
51
14
243
HC
0.174804
0.135125
0.190719
0.118392
0.126821
0.138065
0.1473
HC
11
10
12
13
15
16
77
NOx
6.264393
5.865363
6.126551
6.04976
5.77026
6.0153
4.3351
NOx
40
35
48
55
51
14
243
NOx
6.063537
5.872338
5.866023
5.723896
5.790567
5.612418
5.8215
NOx
11
10
12
13
15
16
77
HC+NOx
5.24
5.24
4.345348
HC+NOx
0
0
0
0
1
35
36
HC+NOx
3.975047
3.975047
HC+NOx
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
CO
1.353145
1.431343
1 .289223
1.201752
1 .254546
1.3060
0.8425
CO
40
35
48
55
51
35
264
CO
1.502117
1.571034
1 .277422
1.361031
1.368105
0.883305
1.3272
CO
11
10
12
13
15
17
78
PM
0.195978
0.213156
0.198893
0.192703
0.203148
0.2008
0.1316
PM
40
35
48
55
51
35
264
PM
0.242149
0.236991
0.205116
0.227162
0.225632
0.183773
0.2201
PM
11
10
12
13
15
17
78
D4
-------
Table Dl. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines
(cont)*
>750 hp
g/hp-hr
2000
2001
average
sample size
2000
2001
total
HC
0.25906
0.313093
0.2861
HC
16
18
34
NOx
6.252638
6.052394
6.1525
NOx
16
18
34
HC+NOx
HC+NOx
0
0
0
CO
0.727419
0.800887
0.7642
CO
16
18
34
PM
0.183308
0.203589
0.1934
PM
16
18
34
* Values in bold are used in NONROAD. All are Tier 1 emission factors, with the exception that
both Tier 1 and Tier 2 emission factors are provided for the >300 to 600 hp category.
D5
-------
175 to 300 hp
Rated HP
261
248
215
260
240
260
225
275
258
275
220
200
215
260
240
255
296
196
287
263
275
216
293
261
194
280
241
193
215
240
189
252
273
248
275
210
225
228
182
207
188
235
201
255
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
Table
HC
0.47
0.34
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.37
0.41
0.11
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.26
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.46
0.31
0.28
0.33
0.43
0.46
0.59
0.09
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.41
0.60
0.32
0.29
0.31
0.22
0.31
0.34
0.10
0.16
0.11
0.36
0.42
0.44
0.37
0.31
0.42
0.43
0.331633
44
D2. 1996
Emission
NOx
6.06
5.31
5.51
5.81
5.38
5.73
5.70
4.56
6.34
4.93
6.16
5.12
5.51
5.80
5.38
6.11
6.41
5.44
5.94
6.13
6.51
6.20
6.20
4.38
6.26
4.03
6.44
6.69
5.51
5.38
5.40
6.23
4.46
5.31
4.14
6.85
6.63
5.45
6.43
6.59
5.51
6.18
5.38
6.43
5.667602
44
MY Certification
Factors (g/hp-hr)
CO
0.89
1.04
0.55
0.70
0.49
1.30
0.84
1.25
0.89
1.80
0.89
0.60
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.52
0.96
0.65
1.16
2.68
1.19
1.55
0.46
0.69
0.80
0.56
1.11
0.85
0.55
0.49
0.92
0.30
0.48
1.04
0.78
1.47
0.57
0.59
0.87
1.15
0.63
0.52
0.63
0.76
0.834876
44
Data
PM
0.27
0.35
0.33
0.27
0.27
0.31
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.25
0.20
0.22
0.33
0.27
0.27
0.20
0.18
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.15
0.20
0.12
0.23
0.17
0.18
0.26
0.28
0.33
0.27
0.16
0.17
0.08
0.35
0.13
0.17
0.06
0.21
0.32
0.36
0.18
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.239994
44
Sales wgt
0.0005
0.0005
0.0628
0.0398
0.0545
0.0177
0.0862
0.0174
0.0064
0.0034
0.0563
0.0910
0.1054
0.0652
0.0362
0.0014
0.0005
0.0074
0.1080
0.0322
0.0273
0.0262
0.0018
0.0050
0.0024
0.0005
0.0036
0.0025
0.0136
0.0362
0.0020
0.0058
0.0009
0.0005
0.0028
0.0043
0.0014
0.0504
0.0072
0.0045
0.0018
0.0018
0.0018
0.0027
1.0000
D6
-------
Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data (cont.)
300 to 600 hp
Rated HP
335
543
300
330
362
425
500
455
542
300
397
535
515
300
480
525
375
337
300
313
440
568
350
400
412
322
563
305
335
349
526
493
573
571
308
335
543
300
300
369
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
HC
0.27
2.24
0.28
0.34
0.16
0.09
0.17
0.12
0.07
0.08
0.19
0.08
0.05
0.31
0.17
0.25
0.40
0.41
0.51
0.10
0.39
0.37
0.78
0.10
0.35
0.23
0.18
0.24
0.19
0.20
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.31
0.28
0.27
0.22
0.07
0.07
0.24
0.260521
40
Emission
NOx
5.51
5.66
6.13
5.27
5.49
6.38
8.19
5.48
6.05
5.78
4.65
5.79
6.05
5.50
6.85
6.36
6.03
5.99
8.03
6.55
6.55
6.46
6.32
6.28
6.51
5.00
4.56
6.29
5.78
5.41
6.06
5.89
5.86
3.98
5.68
5.51
5.66
4.54
6.35
5.43
6.264393
40
Factors (g/hp-hr)
CO
0.74
0.54
0.81
1.07
1.57
2.18
2.24
0.82
1.43
0.43
1.35
2.10
1.44
0.41
1.16
0.45
1.51
1.31
1.28
0.49
0.43
2.17
1.30
0.49
1.76
0.87
0.48
0.72
0.41
0.34
0.60
0.95
0.62
0.48
0.45
0.74
0.54
0.51
0.52
0.51
1.353145
40
PM
0.28
0.24
0.28
0.28
0.13
0.08
0.13
0.17
0.31
0.05
0.19
0.34
0.21
0.22
0.17
0.15
0.20
0.22
0.21
0.14
0.18
0.37
0.37
0.14
0.30
0.23
0.18
0.29
0.10
0.15
0.16
0.20
0.17
0.11
0.18
0.28
0.25
0.15
0.04
0.14
0.195978
40
Sales wgt
0.0013
0.0010
0.0249
0.0075
0.3220
0.0155
0.0078
0.0039
0.0959
0.0093
0.0216
0.0186
0.0180
0.0052
0.0833
0.0104
0.0339
0.0170
0.1823
0.0039
0.0052
0.0124
0.0357
0.0129
0.0039
0.0026
0.0078
0.0044
0.0003
0.0016
0.0003
0.0005
0.0005
0.0026
0.0021
0.0023
0.0037
0.0052
0.0078
0.0052
1.0000
D7
-------
Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data (cont.)
600 to 750 hp
Rated HP
750
750
750
750
660
740
640
730
600
710
740
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
HC
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.35
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.46
0.25
0.24
0.174804
11
Emission
NOx
5.90
5.84
6.01
5.80
6.24
5.53
5.62
5.04
6.86
6.64
5.85
6.063537
11
Factors (g/hp-hr)
CO
1.29
0.90
1.92
1.48
0.83
1.63
0.83
0.99
1.46
2.42
1.37
1.502117
11
PM
0.22
0.16
0.30
0.29
0.14
0.33
0.19
0.18
0.23
0.27
0.21
0.242149
11
Sales wgt
0.1010
0.0056
0.1330
0.0859
0.1627
0.1324
0.0056
0.0960
0.1403
0.1347
0.0028
1.0000
D8
-------
Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data
100to175hp
Rated HP
100
125
165
110
165
166
100
125
165
114
141
134
168
110
158
153
134
103
106
100
125
165
162
130
134
131
157
168
108
166
121
108
103
172
130
102
172
117
173
122
122
161
161
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.35
0.23
0.36
0.35
0.23
0.36
0.39
0.39
0.33
0.43
0.75
0.51
0.35
0.23
0.36
0.62
0.12
0.11
0.17
0.38
0.68
0.20
0.13
0.64
0.54
0.07
0.12
0.23
0.34
0.297479
29
NOx
6.08
6.21
4.95
6.06
6.24
4.95
6.08
6.21
4.95
4.88
4.97
6.59
6.52
6.18
6.26
5.65
6.51
6.26
6.01
6.08
6.21
4.95
6.11
5.58
6.08
5.18
6.55
6.63
5.99
6.21
6.11
5.63
6.19
5.31
6.70
6.68
6.23
6.23
6.57
5.75
4.12
5.96
5.26
5.599201
43
CO
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.88
2.30
1.15
1.25
2.60
1.28
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.90
1.15
0.57
0.37
0.56
1.22
0.70
0.45
1.23
1.83
1.06
0.64
0.83
1.05
0.745072
29
PM
0.28
0.16
0.31
0.30
0.16
0.31
0.17
0.17
0.41
0.38
0.28
0.16
0.31
0.29
0.13
0.06
0.17
0.22
0.18
0.32
0.25
0.36
0.42
0.34
0.19
0.281314
25
HCwgt
0.0015
0.0087
0.1552
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0102
0.1001
0.2320
0.0038
0.0057
0.0218
0.0044
0.0058
0.0247
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0022
0.0015
0.0537
0.0035
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0125
0.0091
0.0242
0.0182
0.0085
0.2393
0.0000
0.0258
0.0004
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0029
0.0029
0.0030
0.0160
0.0029
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0011
0.0069
0.1226
0.0174
0.0915
0.0022
0.0080
0.0790
0.1833
0.0030
0.0045
0.0172
0.0034
0.0046
0.0195
0.0206
0.0041
0.0069
0.0018
0.0017
0.0011
0.0424
0.0028
0.0115
0.0183
0.0115
0.0099
0.0072
0.0191
0.0143
0.0067
0.1890
0.0128
0.0204
0.0003
0.0023
0.0069
0.0023
0.0023
0.0023
0.0024
0.0126
0.0023
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0015
0.0087
0.1552
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0102
0.1001
0.2320
0.0038
0.0057
0.0218
0.0044
0.0058
0.0247
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0022
0.0015
0.0537
0.0035
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0125
0.0091
0.0242
0.0182
0.0085
0.2393
0.0000
0.0258
0.0004
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0029
0.0029
0.0030
0.0160
0.0029
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0015
0.0090
0.1597
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0104
0.1030
0.2388
0.0000
0.0000
0.0224
0.0045
0.0060
0.0254
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0022
0.0015
0.0552
0.0036
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0128
0.0094
0.0249
0.0187
0.0087
0.2463
0.0000
0.0266
0.0004
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0030
0.0030
0.0000
0.0000
0.0030
1.0000
D9
-------
Table D3.
175 to 300 hp
Rated HP
261
248
280
260
246
225
220
275
205
260
275
280
260
188
296
264
250
189
261
194
189
241
227
193
296
234
248
247
240
225
228
253
182
207
183
227
272
255
255
188
235
201
255
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
1997 MY
Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.47
0.34
0.47
0.37
0.34
0.41
0.11
0.11
0.19
0.08
0.08
0.47
0.46
0.50
0.23
0.64
0.10
0.43
0.30
0.30
0.37
0.41
0.51
0.60
0.42
0.31
0.34
0.57
0.35
0.14
0.36
0.55
0.42
0.44
0.54
0.35
0.35
0.25
0.25
0.37
0.31
0.42
0.43
0.307044
43
NOx
6.06
5.31
5.47
5.73
5.27
5.70
6.16
4.56
5.96
6.48
4.93
5.47
6.11
5.29
4.78
6.38
6.41
6.65
4.38
6.26
5.87
6.44
6.72
6.69
5.77
4.22
5.31
6.13
5.36
6.73
5.45
4.64
6.43
6.59
6.63
0.63
6.44
5.85
6.22
5.51
6.41
5.38
6.43
5.723983
43
CO
0.89
1.04
0.52
1.30
1.07
0.84
0.89
1.25
1.73
0.82
1.80
0.52
0.52
1.31
0.72
2.37
0.54
1.04
0.69
0.80
0.76
1.11
1.07
0.85
0.82
0.51
1.04
0.69
0.54
0.64
0.59
1.10
0.87
1.15
0.81
0.51
1.09
0.40
1.10
0.60
0.54
0.63
0.76
0.819777
43
PM
0.27
0.35
0.23
0.39
0.36
0.22
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.29
0.32
0.23
0.27
0.37
0.21
0.41
0.12
0.34
0.23
0.17
0.28
0.26
0.31
0.28
0.25
0.08
0.35
0.17
0.23
0.16
0.21
0.29
0.29
0.36
0.34
0.27
0.23
0.13
0.14
0.18
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.245420
43
HCwgt
0.0048
0.0060
0.1439
0.0282
0.0056
0.1444
0.1523
0.0489
0.0060
0.0854
0.0116
0.0059
0.0104
0.0045
0.0013
0.0085
0.0040
0.0053
0.0240
0.0133
0.0069
0.0115
0.0101
0.0051
0.0008
0.0027
0.0044
0.0011
0.0053
0.0008
0.1289
0.0133
0.0027
0.0027
0.0016
0.0016
0.0027
0.0373
0.0250
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0048
0.0060
0.1439
0.0282
0.0056
0.1444
0.1523
0.0489
0.0060
0.0854
0.0116
0.0059
0.0104
0.0045
0.0013
0.0085
0.0040
0.0053
0.0240
0.0133
0.0069
0.0115
0.0101
0.0051
0.0008
0.0027
0.0044
0.0011
0.0053
0.0008
0.1289
0.0133
0.0027
0.0027
0.0016
0.0016
0.0027
0.0373
0.0250
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0048
0.0060
0.1439
0.0282
0.0056
0.1444
0.1523
0.0489
0.0060
0.0854
0.0116
0.0059
0.0104
0.0045
0.0013
0.0085
0.0040
0.0053
0.0240
0.0133
0.0069
0.0115
0.0101
0.0051
0.0008
0.0027
0.0044
0.0011
0.0053
0.0008
0.1289
0.0133
0.0027
0.0027
0.0016
0.0016
0.0027
0.0373
0.0250
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0048
0.0060
0.1439
0.0282
0.0056
0.1444
0.1523
0.0489
0.0060
0.0854
0.0116
0.0059
0.0104
0.0045
0.0013
0.0085
0.0040
0.0053
0.0240
0.0133
0.0069
0.0115
0.0101
0.0051
0.0008
0.0027
0.0044
0.0011
0.0053
0.0008
0.1289
0.0133
0.0027
0.0027
0.0016
0.0016
0.0027
0.0373
0.0250
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
1.0000
D10
-------
Table D3.
300 to 600 hp
Rated HP
335
543
425
300
397
362
373
455
599
492
535
559
300
307
430
425
413
590
313
305
493
426
308
335
543
308
330
320
300
381
496
369
526
315
362
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
1997 MY
Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.27
0.22
0.09
0.28
0.19
0.16
0.17
0.12
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.38
0.08
0.35
0.34
0.18
0.24
0.16
0.31
0.28
0.27
0.22
0.38
0.07
0.12
0.08
0.21
0.13
0.24
0.45
0.34
0.37
0.155300
35
NOx
5.51
5.66
6.38
6.13
4.65
5.49
8.19
5.48
6.59
6.24
5.79
5.84
5.78
6.52
6.58
6.44
6.51
6.40
4.56
6.29
4.26
3.98
5.68
5.51
5.66
5.70
5.07
7.41
5.62
6.55
6.12
6.50
5.59
5.48
5.29
5.865363
35
CO
0.74
0.54
2.18
0.81
1.35
1.57
2.24
0.82
2.67
0.83
2.10
0.90
0.43
0.51
0.43
0.76
1.76
0.72
0.48
0.72
1.04
0.48
0.45
0.74
0.54
0.39
0.44
0.51
0.45
0.61
0.28
0.51
0.67
0.79
0.82
1.431343
35
PM
0.28
0.24
0.16
0.36
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.17
0.33
0.14
0.34
0.16
0.13
0.14
0.18
0.16
0.29
0.23
0.18
0.29
0.30
0.11
0.20
0.28
0.16
0.18
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.07
0.14
0.11
0.13
0.12
0.213156
35
HCwgt
0.0004
0.0035
0.0282
0.0339
0.0261
0.4232
0.0141
0.0023
0.1521
0.0052
0.0065
0.0004
0.0173
0.0069
0.0177
0.0355
0.0140
0.0002
0.0121
0.0089
0.0024
0.0040
0.0019
0.0115
0.0275
0.0002
0.0270
0.0008
0.0121
0.0403
0.0379
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.0016
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0004
0.0035
0.0282
0.0339
0.0261
0.4232
0.0141
0.0023
0.1521
0.0052
0.0065
0.0004
0.0173
0.0069
0.0177
0.0355
0.0140
0.0002
0.0121
0.0089
0.0024
0.0040
0.0019
0.0115
0.0275
0.0002
0.0270
0.0008
0.0121
0.0403
0.0379
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.0016
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0004
0.0035
0.0282
0.0339
0.0261
0.4232
0.0141
0.0023
0.1521
0.0052
0.0065
0.0004
0.0173
0.0069
0.0177
0.0355
0.0140
0.0002
0.0121
0.0089
0.0024
0.0040
0.0019
0.0115
0.0275
0.0002
0.0270
0.0008
0.0121
0.0403
0.0379
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.0016
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0004
0.0035
0.0282
0.0339
0.0261
0.4232
0.0141
0.0023
0.1521
0.0052
0.0065
0.0004
0.0173
0.0069
0.0177
0.0355
0.0140
0.0002
0.0121
0.0089
0.0024
0.0040
0.0019
0.0115
0.0275
0.0002
0.0270
0.0008
0.0121
0.0403
0.0379
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.0016
1.0000
Dll
-------
Table D3.
600 to 750 hp
Rated HP
740
750
740
640
743
750
600
710
750
748
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
1997 MY
Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.04
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.07
0.26
0.25
0.13
0.30
0.135125
10
NOx
5.67
6.01
5.53
5.62
5.04
5.90
6.02
6.64
5.89
6.04
5.872338
10
CO
1.57
1.92
1.63
0.83
0.99
1.29
1.78
2.42
1.07
0.45
1.571034
10
PM
0.25
0.30
0.33
0.19
0.18
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.13
0.24
0.236991
10
HCwgt
0.3355
0.0205
0.0169
0.0319
0.1004
0.0771
0.1597
0.1643
0.0479
0.0456
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.3355
0.0205
0.0169
0.0319
0.1004
0.0771
0.1597
0.1643
0.0479
0.0456
1.0000
CO wgt
0.3355
0.0205
0.0169
0.0319
0.1004
0.0771
0.1597
0.1643
0.0479
0.0456
1.0000
PM wgt
0.3355
0.0205
0.0169
0.0319
0.1004
0.0771
0.1597
0.1643
0.0479
0.0456
1.0000
D12
-------
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP
67
79
96
80
67
80
98
62
57
59
84
64
82
53
72
78
52
50
51
55
64
73
56
79
91
59
62
80
98
59
56
86
93
72
54
65
54
50
89
72
78
52
67
92
55
85
HC
0.48
0.75
0.72
0.71
0.60
0.39
0.43
0.29
0.48
0.55
0.42
0.72
0.71
0.55
0.05
0.14
0.27
Table D4
Emission Factors
NOx HC+NOx
6.40
5.74
5.81
7.61
6.35
5.78
6.30
6.23
6.20
6.56
5.74
5.92
5.23
6.32
6.30
6.22
4.59
4.14
6.68
6.16
5.62
5.35
4.88
5.25
6.63
6.65
6.23
5.78
6.30
4.37
4.18
5.42
4.71
4.31
6.31
4.18 4.24
2.62
4.38
5.98
4.63
6.05
6.32
4.94
5.62
2.62
2.18
. 1998 MY Certification Data
(g/hp-hr)
CO
4.32
1.96
3.26
1.68
3.04
0.98
2.17
1.08
0.46
2.47
1.32
3.26
1.68
2.42
0.90
1.07
0.99
PM
0.56
0.34
0.51
0.21
0.63
0.28
0.60
0.52
0.27
0.55
0.54
0.51
0.21
0.45
0.27
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2600
0.1418
0.2786
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0118
0.0254
0.0118
0.0016
0.0258
0.0133
0.0000
0.0000
0.0051
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0077
0.0010
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1213
0.0834
0.0000
0.0000
Sales
Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt
0.0071
0.0024
0.0006
0.0914
0.0499
0.0979
0.0003
0.0012
0.0012
0.0310
0.0413
0.0049
0.0605
0.0175
0.0006
0.0001
0.0208
0.0036
0.0001
0.0042
0.0089
0.0042
0.0006
0.0091
0.0047
0.0170
0.0012
0.0018
0.0003
0.0042
0.0148
0.0047
0.0030
0.0059
0.0027
0.0003
0.0057
0.0190
0.0066
0.0145
0.0101
0.0060
0.0426
0.0293
0.0015
0.0018
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2581
0.1408
0.2765
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0117
0.0252
0.0117
0.0016
0.0256
0.0132
0.0000
0.0000
0.0050
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0076
0.0010
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1204
0.0828
0.0000
0.0000
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
D13
-------
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP HC
59
58
52
64
60
96
72
68
68
80 0.86
59
84
94
82
60
62
75
58
54
67
80
60
70
56
58
Sales-wgt °-528
EF 845
Sample
Size 18
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO PM
5.90
3.23
6.62
5.13
6.06
5.09
6.30
5.85
6.44
5.40 4.00 0.64
4.33
6.14
5.75
4.84 1.22 0.44
5.87 3.96 0.39
6.19 1.69 0.30
3.87
3.91
5.40
4.89
4.80
4.12
5.59
5.23
5.12
5.682 4.23557 2.7535 0.4720
411 6 46 55
71 1 21 19
Sales Weightings
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0091
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
NOx wgt
0.0006
0.0297
0.0125
0.0064
0.0297
0.0861
0.0025
0.0772
0.0504
0.0032
0.0036
0.0012
0.0003
0.0011
0.0006
0.0009
0.0046
0.0069
0.0003
0.0148
0.0006
0.0042
0.0006
0.0018
0.0033
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0091
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0032
0.0017
0.0026
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
D14
-------
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)
100-1 75 hp
Rated HP
167
108
100
125
165
110
165
166
100
125
165
158
109
133
172
114
141
135
155
124
103
158
103
153
106
144
100
125
165
114
148
168
162
108
113
108
121
166
118
103
103
100
102
127
117
172
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.34
0.35
0.23
0.36
0.35
0.23
0.36
0.52
0.40
0.57
0.51
0.35
0.23
0.36
0.16
0.34
0.62
0.17
0.68
0.38
0.53
0.57
NOx
5.26
6.47
6.08
6.21
4.95
6.06
6.24
4.95
6.08
6.21
4.95
6.53
6.41
6.44
6.48
6.54
3.71
5.70
6.39
6.60
6.22
6.26
6.26
5.65
6.01
6.61
6.08
6.21
4.95
5.87
6.58
6.17
6.11
6.11
4.41
5.99
6.11
6.21
6.30
6.19
5.30
5.50
6.68
5.38
6.23
6.23
CO
1.05
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.70
0.47
0.75
1.18
1.75
1.58
0.49
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.70
0.63
0.90
0.37
1.22
0.56
1.24
1.35
PM
0.18
0.28
0.16
0.31
0.28
0.16
0.31
0.29
0.39
0.26
0.28
0.16
0.31
0.13
0.13
0.28
0.17
0.18
0.22
0.51
0.47
HCwgt
0.0003
0.0000
0.1104
0.0041
0.0647
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1765
0.0537
0.1891
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0014
0.0000
0.2535
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0033
0.0126
0.0000
0.0000
0.0085
0.0012
0.0140
0.0000
0.0003
0.0002
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0555
0.0117
0.0196
0.0000
0.0000
0.0018
0.0024
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0003
0.0009
0.0940
0.0035
0.0551
0.0062
0.0336
0.0029
0.1504
0.0457
0.1611
0.0018
0.0018
0.0018
0.0018
0.0012
0.0018
0.2160
0.0021
0.0068
0.0310
0.0077
0.0028
0.0108
0.0095
0.0001
0.0072
0.0010
0.0119
0.0049
0.0003
0.0002
0.0005
0.0137
0.0020
0.0473
0.0100
0.0167
0.0006
0.0070
0.0015
0.0020
0.0027
0.0009
0.0009
0.0027
CO wgt
0.0003
0.0000
0.1101
0.0041
0.0645
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1760
0.0535
0.1886
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0014
0.0000
0.2528
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0033
0.0126
0.0000
0.0000
0.0085
0.0012
0.0140
0.0000
0.0003
0.0002
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0553
0.0117
0.0195
0.0000
0.0000
0.0018
0.0023
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
PM wgt
0.0003
0.0000
0.1112
0.0042
0.0652
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1779
0.0541
0.1906
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2555
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0033
0.0127
0.0000
0.0000
0.0086
0.0012
0.0141
0.0000
0.0003
0.0002
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0559
0.0118
0.0197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0018
0.0024
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
D15
-------
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)
100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings
Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOxwgt COwgt PM wgt
173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0032 0.0027 0.0032 0.0032
123 4.12 0.64 0.0000 0.0015 0.0018 0.0018
122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.44 0.0021 0.0018 0.0021 0.0022
142 5.92 1.33 0.31 0.0000 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011
138 6.68 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000
161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0092 0.0078 0.0092 0.0000
Sales-wgt
EF 0.355336 5.743938 0.961288 0.276378 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample
Size 25 52 27 24
D16
-------
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
257
261
248
200
215
260
240
278
280
275
205
260
290
260
225
275
200
215
260
240
284
200
253
188
256
296
261
220
234
196
197
263
294
280
294
283
196
240
187
189
241
227
193
296
255
200
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.43
0.47
0.34
0.26
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.13
0.47
0.11
0.19
0.17
0.10
0.42
0.41
0.04
0.26
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.41
0.19
0.34
0.50
0.46
0.23
0.47
0.20
0.19
0.28
0.23
0.43
0.38
0.49
0.64
0.09
0.35
0.29
0.26
0.37
0.41
0.51
0.60
0.38
0.42
0.26
NOx
6.43
6.06
5.31
5.13
5.51
5.82
5.38
4.70
5.47
4.56
5.96
6.48
5.60
6.16
5.70
4.76
5.13
5.51
5.82
5.38
5.76
4.05
6.58
5.29
6.11
4.78
6.06
5.87
5.45
5.44
5.52
6.13
5.99
6.14
6.38
6.38
6.52
4.88
5.99
5.87
6.44
6.72
6.69
6.19
5.77
5.13
CO
0.76
0.89
1.04
0.60
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.51
0.52
1.26
1.73
0.82
2.19
1.30
0.84
0.31
0.60
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.52
0.92
0.57
1.31
0.52
0.72
0.89
0.72
0.62
0.65
0.75
2.68
0.95
2.52
2.37
0.51
0.95
0.73
0.73
0.76
1.11
1.07
0.85
0.54
0.82
0.60
PM
0.20
0.27
0.35
0.22
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.15
0.23
0.26
0.25
0.29
0.32
0.39
0.22
0.14
0.22
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.21
0.37
0.27
0.21
0.27
0.27
0.25
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.23
0.31
0.40
0.12
0.36
0.23
0.15
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.28
0.22
0.26
0.22
HCwgt
0.0002
0.0013
0.0011
0.0124
0.0184
0.0222
0.0222
0.0061
0.0160
0.0049
0.0056
0.0108
0.0030
0.0018
0.0253
0.0013
0.0726
0.0749
0.0616
0.0738
0.0042
0.0016
0.0016
0.0007
0.0016
0.0002
0.0002
0.0050
0.0104
0.3023
0.0074
0.0040
0.1154
0.0157
0.0007
0.0020
0.0006
0.0056
0.0026
0.0016
0.0028
0.0006
0.0010
0.0002
0.0006
0.0036
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0002
0.0013
0.0011
0.0124
0.0184
0.0222
0.0222
0.0061
0.0160
0.0049
0.0056
0.0108
0.0030
0.0018
0.0253
0.0013
0.0726
0.0749
0.0616
0.0738
0.0042
0.0016
0.0016
0.0007
0.0016
0.0002
0.0002
0.0050
0.0104
0.3023
0.0074
0.0040
0.1154
0.0157
0.0007
0.0020
0.0006
0.0056
0.0026
0.0016
0.0028
0.0006
0.0010
0.0002
0.0006
0.0036
CO wgt
0.0002
0.0013
0.0011
0.0124
0.0184
0.0222
0.0222
0.0061
0.0160
0.0049
0.0056
0.0108
0.0030
0.0018
0.0253
0.0013
0.0726
0.0749
0.0616
0.0738
0.0042
0.0016
0.0016
0.0007
0.0016
0.0002
0.0002
0.0050
0.0104
0.3023
0.0074
0.0040
0.1154
0.0157
0.0007
0.0020
0.0006
0.0056
0.0026
0.0016
0.0028
0.0006
0.0010
0.0002
0.0006
0.0036
PM wgt
0.0002
0.0013
0.0011
0.0124
0.0184
0.0222
0.0222
0.0061
0.0160
0.0049
0.0056
0.0108
0.0030
0.0018
0.0253
0.0013
0.0726
0.0749
0.0616
0.0738
0.0042
0.0016
0.0016
0.0007
0.0016
0.0002
0.0002
0.0050
0.0104
0.3023
0.0074
0.0040
0.1154
0.0157
0.0007
0.0020
0.0006
0.0056
0.0026
0.0016
0.0028
0.0006
0.0010
0.0002
0.0006
0.0036
D17
-------
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
215
240
189
252
211
253
231
260
275
248
247
225
210
225
228
190
268
182
207
217
183
227
244
272
255
255
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.32
0.29
0.31
0.22
0.37
0.23
0.32
0.18
0.14
0.34
0.57
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.37
0.66
0.44
0.42
0.44
0.36
0.54
0.35
0.19
0.35
0.25
0.25
0.316321
72
NOx
5.51
5.38
5.40
6.23
5.42
5.28
4.69
6.35
5.38
5.31
6.13
6.63
6.55
6.73
5.46
6.08
6.50
6.43
6.59
5.49
6.63
0.63
6.30
6.44
5.89
6.22
5.574079
72
CO
0.55
0.49
0.92
0.30
0.57
0.47
0.46
0.73
0.48
1.04
0.69
0.57
1.15
0.64
0.60
1.56
0.50
0.87
1.15
1.00
0.81
0.51
1.66
1.09
0.40
1.10
0.722968
72
PM
0.32
0.27
0.21
0.23
0.22
0.27
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.35
0.17
0.13
0.20
0.16
0.21
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.36
0.22
0.34
0.27
0.36
0.23
0.13
0.14
0.262486
72
HCwgt
0.0049
0.0052
0.0010
0.0027
0.0004
0.0002
0.0005
0.0016
0.0002
0.0001
0.0004
0.0028
0.0048
0.0018
0.0294
0.0005
0.0024
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0016
0.0016
0.0056
0.0033
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0049
0.0052
0.0010
0.0027
0.0004
0.0002
0.0005
0.0016
0.0002
0.0001
0.0004
0.0028
0.0048
0.0018
0.0294
0.0005
0.0024
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0016
0.0016
0.0056
0.0033
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0049
0.0052
0.0010
0.0027
0.0004
0.0002
0.0005
0.0016
0.0002
0.0001
0.0004
0.0028
0.0048
0.0018
0.0294
0.0005
0.0024
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0016
0.0016
0.0056
0.0033
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0049
0.0052
0.0010
0.0027
0.0004
0.0002
0.0005
0.0016
0.0002
0.0001
0.0004
0.0028
0.0048
0.0018
0.0294
0.0005
0.0024
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0016
0.0016
0.0056
0.0033
1.0000
D18
-------
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)
300-600 hp
Rated HP
310
373
335
543
300
425
300
330
397
362
500
455
599
350
525
480
336
375
336
399
339
517
401
313
420
425
567
586
329
590
306
493
335
375
525
493
572
571
531
327
327
308
335
543
330
330
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.34
0.24
0.27
0.22
0.08
0.90
0.28
0.33
0.19
0.16
0.13
0.12
0.04
0.22
0.25
0.17
0.14
0.40
0.41
0.18
0.21
0.17
0.23
0.13
0.36
0.08
0.28
0.20
0.26
0.34
0.24
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.31
0.36
0.22
0.24
0.30
0.27
0.02
0.07
0.04
NOx
5.48
6.50
5.51
5.66
5.78
6.38
6.13
5.28
5.24
5.49
6.10
5.48
6.59
6.52
6.36
6.85
5.48
6.03
5.99
5.33
5.72
5.74
6.02
6.38
6.65
6.44
5.65
4.64
6.38
6.40
6.29
4.26
5.78
5.72
6.06
5.89
5.86
3.98
5.01
6.39
6.11
5.67
5.51
5.66
5.07
5.64
CO
0.79
0.51
0.74
0.54
0.43
2.17
0.81
1.07
1.35
1.57
1.67
0.82
2.67
1.17
0.45
1.16
0.45
2.02
1.31
0.91
0.92
0.37
0.50
0.59
0.47
0.76
2.26
0.45
0.61
0.72
0.72
1.04
0.41
0.32
0.60
0.95
0.62
0.48
0.40
0.46
0.48
0.45
0.74
0.54
0.44
0.40
PM
0.13
0.14
0.28
0.24
0.13
0.16
0.36
0.36
0.29
0.21
0.17
0.17
0.33
0.20
0.15
0.18
0.15
0.28
0.30
0.14
0.15
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.18
0.15
0.33
0.18
0.19
0.23
0.37
0.30
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.28
0.24
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.18
0.28
0.24
0.10
0.16
HCwgt
0.0011
0.0011
0.0002
0.0016
0.0036
0.0514
0.0118
0.0111
0.0040
0.2369
0.0257
0.0029
0.0715
0.1676
0.0032
0.1718
0.0070
0.0012
0.0084
0.0285
0.0020
0.0630
0.0090
0.0077
0.0118
0.0193
0.0010
0.0029
0.0018
0.0001
0.0086
0.0037
0.0002
0.0014
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0018
0.0027
0.0064
0.0068
0.0114
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0011
0.0011
0.0002
0.0016
0.0036
0.0514
0.0118
0.0111
0.0040
0.2369
0.0257
0.0029
0.0715
0.1676
0.0032
0.1718
0.0070
0.0012
0.0084
0.0285
0.0020
0.0630
0.0090
0.0077
0.0118
0.0193
0.0010
0.0029
0.0018
0.0001
0.0086
0.0037
0.0002
0.0014
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0018
0.0027
0.0064
0.0068
0.0114
CO wgt
0.0011
0.0011
0.0002
0.0016
0.0036
0.0514
0.0118
0.0111
0.0040
0.2369
0.0257
0.0029
0.0715
0.1676
0.0032
0.1718
0.0070
0.0012
0.0084
0.0285
0.0020
0.0630
0.0090
0.0077
0.0118
0.0193
0.0010
0.0029
0.0018
0.0001
0.0086
0.0037
0.0002
0.0014
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0018
0.0027
0.0064
0.0068
0.0114
PM wgt
0.0011
0.0011
0.0002
0.0016
0.0036
0.0514
0.0118
0.0111
0.0040
0.2369
0.0257
0.0029
0.0715
0.1676
0.0032
0.1718
0.0070
0.0012
0.0084
0.0285
0.0020
0.0630
0.0090
0.0077
0.0118
0.0193
0.0010
0.0029
0.0018
0.0001
0.0086
0.0037
0.0002
0.0014
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0021
0.0018
0.0027
0.0064
0.0068
0.0114
D19
-------
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)
300-600 hp
Rated HP
381
496
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
600-750 hp
Rated HP
660
640
740
600
606
725
750
750
750
750
750
740
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC NOx CO
0.21 6.55 0.61
0.13
0.209071
48
6.12
6.126551 1
48
0.28
.289223 0
48
Table D4. 1998 MY
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC NOx CO
0.10 6.03 0.54
0.11
0.10
0.26
0.16
0.16
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.35
0.13
0.24
0.190719
12
5.62
5.53
6.02
6.01
5.88
5.84
5.90
4.48
5.80
5.89
5.85
5.866023 1
12
0.83
1.62
1.78
0.58
0.84
0.90
1.29
1.43
1.48
1.06
1.37
PM
0.08
0.07
.198893
48
HCwgt
0.0167
0.0021
1.0000
Certification Data
PM HC wgt
0.13 0.0630
0.19
0.33
0.24
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.22
0.24
0.30
0.13
0.28
.277422 0.205116
12
12
0.0132
0.0350
0.2955
0.1128
0.0855
0.0210
0.1089
0.0389
0.1322
0.0855
0.0086
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt
0.0167 0.0167
0.0021
1.0000
0.0021
1.0000
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt
0.0630 0.0630
0.0132
0.0350
0.2955
0.1128
0.0855
0.0210
0.1089
0.0389
0.1322
0.0855
0.0086
1.0000
0.0132
0.0350
0.2955
0.1128
0.0855
0.0210
0.1089
0.0389
0.1322
0.0855
0.0086
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0167
0.0021
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0630
0.0132
0.0350
0.2955
0.1128
0.0855
0.0210
0.1089
0.0389
0.1322
0.0855
0.0086
1.0000
D20
-------
25-50 hp Emission Factors
Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx
34
36
45
50
38
35
39
47
28
33
40
47
27
29
40
45
28
27
37
32
27
39
34
35
34
40
34
46
34
47
38
26
31
42
26
41
31
31
37
40
30
38
25
33
30
5
3
5
6.14
6
5
6
5
3
3
4
3
5
4
2
4
3
0.17 4.29 4
0.16 3.56 3
0.26 4.22 4
0.09 3.95 4
0.14 4.59 4
0.16 3.30 3
0.56 4.54 5
0.08 4.56 4
0.69 6.18 6
4
3
3
0.12 6.71 6
6
4
3
3
4
4
5
5
4
0.18 4.99 5
2
3
5
2
5
.21
.12
.95
.69
.68
.58
.84
.76
.65
.50
.38
.66
.11
.78
.04
.57
.46
.72
.49
.04
.74
.46
.10
.64
.88
.59
.79
.80
.83
.16
.64
.80
.84
.46
.81
.27
.11
.47
.17
.79
.62
.78
.37
.29
Table D5 . 1999 MY Certification Data
(g/hp-hr) Sales Weighting
CO PM HCfracof HC wgt NOxwgt HC+NOx COwgt
1.44
1.31
0.48
1.92
1.74
1.84
1.35
1.24
0.87
0.62
0.87
1.62
1.16
1.62
0.87
2.65
1.25
2.30
1.61
0.82
0.90
0.68
1.52
0.90
1.62
0.92
0.68
0.98
0.74
1.66
1.30
1.16
0.77
0.96
0.75
0.74
0.80
0.80
0.94
3.06
2.13
3.66
1.58
1.50
0.38
0.40
0.26
0.32
0.21
0.11
0.09
0.20
0.17
0.20
0.27
0.56
0.35
0.42
0.38
0.43
0.52
0.60
0.54
0.42
0.45
0.30
0.48
0.40
0.25
0.42
0.33
0.54
0.30
0.41
0.28
0.36
0.24
0.35
0.25
0.19
0.26
0.29
0.48
0.46
0.51
0.43
0.53
0.33
HC+NOx*
0.038763
0.043011
0.058036
0.022277
0.029598
0.046243
0.109804
0.017241
0.100868
0.01757
0.034632
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0019
0.0027
0.0360
0.0046
0.0115
0.0028
0.8386
0.0616
0.0046
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0042
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0315
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1061
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0014
0.0020
0.0262
0.0034
0.0084
0.0020
0.6112
0.0449
0.0034
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0031
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0230
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
wgt
.0107
.0011
.0011
.0000
.0113
.0282
.0068
.0056
.0025
.0033
.0013
.0007
.0008
.0310
.0507
.0158
.0017
.0003
.0004
.0048
.0006
.0016
.0004
.1127
.0083
.0006
.0001
.0008
.0058
.0006
.0451
.0011
.0163
.0047
.0417
.0008
.0118
.0662
.1936
.0042
.0013
.0025
.0045
.0017
.0008
0.0107
0.0011
0.0011
0.0000
0.0113
0.0282
0.0068
0.0056
0.0025
0.0033
0.0013
0.0007
0.0008
0.0310
0.0507
0.0158
0.0017
0.0003
0.0004
0.0048
0.0006
0.0016
0.0004
0.1127
0.0083
0.0006
0.0001
0.0008
0.0058
0.0006
0.0451
0.0011
0.0163
0.0047
0.0417
0.0008
0.0118
0.0662
0.1936
0.0042
0.0013
0.0025
0.0045
0.0017
0.0008
PM wgt
0.0107
0.0011
0.0011
0.0000
0.0113
0.0282
0.0068
0.0056
0.0025
0.0033
0.0013
0.0007
0.0008
0.0310
0.0507
0.0158
0.0017
0.0003
0.0004
0.0048
0.0006
0.0016
0.0004
0.1127
0.0083
0.0006
0.0001
0.0008
0.0058
0.0006
0.0451
0.0011
0.0163
0.0047
0.0417
0.0008
0.0118
0.0662
0.1936
0.0042
0.0013
0.0025
0.0045
0.0017
0.0008
D21
-------
Table D5 . 1999 MY Certification Data
25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
Rated HP HC NOx
35
40
44
44
38
30
39
35
44
34 3.53
49 3.20
49 4.85
28
30
33
41
29
37
37
30
45
38
48
34
46
41
48
27
39
Sales-wgt
EF 0.4965 4.5584
Sample
Size 11 15
Calc HC* 0.2347
Calc NOx* 4.7487
HC+NOx
5.48
5.53
5.56
5.96
6.00
6.51
4.73
6.27
6.19
3.55
3.31
5.78
5.82
5.76
5.97
5.82
6.76
6.03
6.07
5.85
5.79
6.00
5.94
6.01
5.76
6.25
3.04
5.53
4.9834
72
CO
1.61
2.57
1.69
2.39
1.25
3.22
1.01
2.35
1.09
1.22
1.29
3.61
2.93
2.74
1.35
2.82
1.71
2.59
3.01
3.21
3.23
1.56
1.87
2.54
2.79
1.59
0.98
1.96
1.5421
72
PM HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.36
0.22
0.34
0.19
0.36
0.50
0.34
0.48
0.53
0.54
0.40
0.40
0.35
0.28
0.49
0.25
0.40
0.35
0.38
0.45
0.39
0.44
0.34
0.20
0.33
0.28
0.40
0.26
0.3561
72 0.047095
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weighting
NOx wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0458
0.0917
0.0275
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0025
0.0025
0.0017
0.0017
0.0001
0.0034
0.0021
0.0118
0.0225
0.0085
0.0169
0.0000
0.0152
0.0026
0.0596
0.0006
0.0070
0.0007
0.0098
0.0169
0.0423
0.0011
0.0001
0.0507
0.0039
0.0041
0.0002
0.0036
0.0015
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0025
0.0025
0.0017
0.0017
0.0001
0.0034
0.0021
0.0118
0.0225
0.0085
0.0169
0.0000
0.0152
0.0026
0.0596
0.0006
0.0070
0.0007
0.0098
0.0169
0.0423
0.0011
0.0001
0.0507
0.0039
0.0041
0.0002
0.0036
0.0015
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0025
0.0025
0.0017
0.0017
0.0001
0.0034
0.0021
0.0118
0.0225
0.0085
0.0169
0.0000
0.0152
0.0026
0.0596
0.0006
0.0070
0.0007
0.0098
0.0169
0.0423
0.0011
0.0001
0.0507
0.0039
0.0041
0.0002
0.0036
0.0015
1.0000
* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC •*- (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.
Calculated HC = (avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D22
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP
67
79
96
80
67
75
80
56
75
98
62
57
55
59
84
59
74
82
53
56
60
72
56
70
96
74
78
52
50
52
54
51
61
64
73
56
63
71
91
59
80
98
56
59
56
86
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.48
0.75
0.70
0.72
0.46
0.70
0.71
0.89
0.17
0.69
0.60
0.46
0.43
0.24
0.48
0.52
0.55
0.42
0.72
0.71
0.46
NOx
6.40
5.74
5.81
7.61
6.35
5.68
5.78
5.71
5.68
6.30
6.23
6.20
5.80
6.56
5.74
8.82
5.82
5.23
6.32
6.16
6.30
5.21
5.02
6.32
3.22
6.22
4.59
4.14
5.22
4.15
6.68
6.07
5.62
4.79
4.88
6.27
5.27
6.63
6.65
5.78
6.30
5.71
4.37
4.18
5.42
HC+NOx CO
4.32
1.96
2.28
3.26
2.19
2.28
1.68
3.55
6.70 2.22
1.18
1.45
3.04
1.33
2.17
0.87
0.46
1.67
2.17
1.32
3.26
1.68
2.19
PM
0.56
0.34
0.49
0.51
0.29
0.49
0.21
0.84
0.34
0.45
0.36
0.63
0.32
0.60
0.52
0.27
0.57
0.57
0.54
0.51
0.21
0.29
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1942
0.1177
0.1618
0.0647
0.0309
0.0486
0.0008
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0099
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0049
0.0183
0.0003
0.0121
0.0056
0.0110
0.0003
0.0118
0.0236
0.0287
0.0000
0.0044
0.0008
0.0002
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0035
0.0007
0.0005
0.0652
0.0395
0.0544
0.0217
0.0104
0.0163
0.0003
0.0010
0.0010
0.0010
0.0216
0.0306
0.0033
0.0045
0.0552
0.0280
0.0000
0.0173
0.0018
0.0040
0.0005
0.0006
0.0049
0.0000
0.0148
0.0030
0.0016
0.0062
0.0001
0.0041
0.0019
0.0037
0.0001
0.0040
0.0079
0.0096
0.0230
0.0015
0.0003
0.0001
0.0022
0.0148
0.0089
HC+NOx
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.9552
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CO wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1802
0.1092
0.1502
0.0601
0.0287
0.0451
0.0008
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0092
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0655
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0045
0.0170
0.0003
0.0112
0.0052
0.0102
0.0003
0.0109
0.0219
0.0266
0.0000
0.0041
0.0008
0.0002
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1814
0.1100
0.1512
0.0605
0.0289
0.0454
0.0008
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0092
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0660
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0045
0.0171
0.0003
0.0113
0.0052
0.0103
0.0003
0.0110
0.0221
0.0268
0.0000
0.0041
0.0008
0.0002
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
D23
-------
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP HC
93
72
54 0.55
58 0.08
59
54
79
50
57
55
51
87
52
89
67 0.14
92 0.27
58
85
59
58
81
52
64
60
96
68
68
80 0.83
80 0.86
59
84
94
82
62
100
62
75
58
54
67
80
56
58
60
70
93
100
Emissii
NOx
4.71
4.31
6.31
3.32
3.34
2.62
5.06
4.46
2.91
5.35
5.92
6.32
6.40
4.94
5.62
3.00
2.18
5.90
3.23
5.43
6.62
5.13
6.06
5.09
5.85
6.34
6.00
5.40
4.33
6.14
5.75
4.84
6.06
6.27
6.19
3.87
3.91
5.40
4.89
4.80
5.23
5.12
4.12
5.59
5.35
5.73
HC+NOx
3.41
4.09
999 MY Certification Data (cont.)
ip-hr) Sales Weightings
CO
2.42
0.89
0.80
1.07
0.99
3.19
4.00
1.22
3.96
0.87
1.69
PM HC wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0060
0.0011
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.25 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.45 0.1378
0.27 0.0902
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.63 0.0063
0.64 0.0079
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.44 0.0000
0.39 0.0000
0.41 0.0000
0.30 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
NOx wgt
0.0074
0.0119
0.0020
0.0004
0.0002
0.0047
0.0002
0.0000
0.0061
0.0014
0.0083
0.0058
0.0050
0.0005
0.0463
0.0303
0.0012
0.0013
0.0010
0.0247
0.0059
0.0104
0.0049
0.0247
0.1503
0.0652
0.0420
0.0021
0.0027
0.0030
0.0010
0.0003
0.0010
0.0000
0.0003
0.0003
0.0020
0.0022
0.0001
0.0163
0.0005
0.0020
0.0004
0.0025
0.0049
0.0005
0.0002
HC+NOx
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0149
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0299
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CO wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0056
0.0010
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0020
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1279
0.0837
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0059
0.0074
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0029
0.0001
0.0007
0.0007
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0021
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1288
0.0842
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0059
0.0074
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0029
0.0001
0.0007
0.0007
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
D24
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)
50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings
Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOxwgt HC+NOx COwgt PM wgt
2.346
Sales-wgt 0.51764 5.61337 87 0.45255
EF 2 6 6.569501 3 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample
Size 27 91 3 33 31
D25
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data
100-1 75 hp
Rated HP
167
108
100
125
155
110
165
166
100
125
158
109
133
141
172
168
162
135
155
108
157
103
144
144
100
125
155
114
103
151
120
144
118
113
173
108
116
168
118
164
103
120
173
115
135
150
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.34
0.35
0.23
0.38
0.35
0.23
0.11
0.62
0.40
0.57
0.53
0.35
0.23
0.38
0.17
0.62
0.37
0.45
0.50
NOx
5.26
6.47
6.08
6.21
4.23
6.06
6.24
4.95
6.08
6.21
6.53
6.41
6.50
4.97
4.83
6.17
6.11
5.70
6.39
6.55
6.65
6.26
6.08
6.61
6.08
6.21
4.23
5.87
5.94
5.60
5.50
5.80
5.52
4.41
5.79
5.99
5.36
5.68
6.30
5.92
6.19
5.55
6.05
5.77
6.68
5.74
CO
1.05
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.70
0.47
0.63
0.90
1.75
1.58
0.55
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.37
1.39
0.54
0.92
1.06
PM
0.18
0.28
0.16
0.35
0.28
0.16
0.13
0.29
0.29
0.39
0.28
0.28
0.16
0.35
0.17
0.18
0.17
0.24
0.49
HCwgt
0.0004
0.0000
0.1343
0.0048
0.1246
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2077
0.1179
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0004
0.2486
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0071
0.0187
0.0000
0.0100
0.0014
0.0165
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0515
0.0101
0.0257
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0009
0.0009
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt
0.0003 0.0004 0.0004
0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
0.1074 0.1342 0.1355
0.0039 0.0048 0.0049
0.0996 0.1245 0.1257
0.0014 0.0000 0.0000
0.0373 0.0000 0.0000
0.0030 0.0000 0.0000
0.1660 0.2075 0.2095
0.0942 0.1178 0.1189
0.0020 0.0000 0.0000
0.0020 0.0000 0.0000
0.0020 0.0000 0.0000
0.0020 0.0000 0.0000
0.0020 0.0000 0.0000
0.0003 0.0004 0.0004
0.0003 0.0004 0.0004
0.1987 0.2483 0.2507
0.0022 0.0000 0.0000
0.0102 0.0000 0.0000
0.0074 0.0000 0.0000
0.0056 0.0070 0.0071
0.0150 0.0187 0.0189
0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
0.0080 0.0100 0.0101
0.0011 0.0014 0.0014
0.0132 0.0165 0.0166
0.0010 0.0000 0.0000
0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0121 0.0000 0.0000
0.0007 0.0000 0.0000
0.0050 0.0000 0.0000
0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
0.0411 0.0514 0.0519
0.0081 0.0101 0.0102
0.0206 0.0257 0.0260
0.0006 0.0000 0.0000
0.0161 0.0000 0.0000
0.0125 0.0000 0.0000
0.0453 0.0000 0.0000
0.0050 0.0000 0.0000
0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
0.0007 0.0009 0.0009
0.0007 0.0009 0.0009
D26
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)
100-1 75 hp
Rated HP
103
130
100
114
127
117
172
173
123
122
142
138
161
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC NOx CO PM
0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51
0.63
0.57
0.54
0.07
0.23
0.351590
25
6.61
5.50
6.39
5.38
6.23
6.23
6.57
4.12
5.75
5.92
6.68
5.96
5.749792
59
1.21
1.35
1.83
0.64
1.06
1.33
0.83
0.937310
27
0.36
0.47
0.42
0.43
0.31
0.270345
25
HCwgt
0.0021
0.0015
0.0028
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0013
0.0000
0.0010
0.0000
0.0000
0.0094
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt
0.0017 0.0021
0.0012
0.0022
0.0030
0.0010
0.0010
0.0030
0.0010
0.0003
0.0008
0.0005
0.0005
0.0075
1.0000
0.0015
0.0028
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0013
0.0003
0.0010
0.0007
0.0000
0.0093
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0022
0.0015
0.0028
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0013
0.0000
0.0010
0.0007
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
D27
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
257
200
215
260
240
280
275
205
255
294
260
225
240
200
215
260
240
280
200
253
296
261
248
275
220
234
196
197
294
285
216
285
237
196
187
186
189
249
243
241
227
193
200
215
240
280
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.43
0.26
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.11
0.19
0.08
0.09
0.36
0.41
0.10
0.26
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.25
0.34
0.31
0.47
0.34
0.14
0.20
0.19
0.28
0.23
0.38
0.46
0.59
0.47
0.78
0.35
0.26
0.34
0.37
0.48
0.40
0.41
0.51
0.60
0.26
0.32
0.29
0.47
NOx
6.43
5.13
5.51
5.82
5.38
5.47
4.56
5.96
6.20
5.45
5.73
5.70
5.06
5.13
5.51
5.82
5.38
5.47
5.43
6.58
6.41
6.06
5.31
5.38
5.87
5.45
5.44
5.52
5.99
6.51
6.20
4.59
6.32
6.52
5.99
6.28
5.87
6.37
5.88
6.44
6.72
6.69
5.13
5.51
5.38
5.47
CO
0.76
0.60
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.52
1.26
1.73
0.96
2.19
1.30
0.84
0.38
0.60
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.52
1.23
0.57
0.96
0.89
1.04
0.48
0.72
0.62
0.65
0.75
0.95
1.19
1.55
0.73
1.31
0.95
0.73
0.69
0.76
1.08
1.67
1.11
1.07
0.85
0.60
0.55
0.49
0.52
PM
0.20
0.22
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.26
0.25
0.27
0.34
0.39
0.22
0.15
0.22
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.35
0.20
0.25
0.27
0.35
0.14
0.27
0.25
0.28
0.29
0.23
0.22
0.28
0.26
0.38
0.36
0.15
0.23
0.35
0.24
0.37
0.34
0.33
0.21
0.22
0.32
0.27
0.23
HCwgt
0.0002
0.0290
0.0136
0.0091
0.0091
0.0207
0.0012
0.0041
0.0108
0.0041
0.0009
0.0252
0.0414
0.0746
0.0787
0.0575
0.0828
0.0083
0.0015
0.0015
0.0015
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0043
0.0108
0.2781
0.0097
0.0988
0.0146
0.0260
0.0040
0.0002
0.0017
0.0039
0.0017
0.0011
0.0002
0.0001
0.0008
0.0034
0.0004
0.0034
0.0046
0.0049
0.0005
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
0.0290 0.0290 0.0290
0.0136 0.0136 0.0136
0.0091 0.0091 0.0091
0.0091 0.0091 0.0091
0.0207 0.0207 0.0207
0.0012 0.0012 0.0012
0.0041 0.0041 0.0041
0.0108 0.0108 0.0108
0.0041 0.0041 0.0041
0.0009 0.0009 0.0009
0.0252 0.0252 0.0252
0.0414 0.0414 0.0414
0.0746 0.0746 0.0746
0.0787 0.0787 0.0787
0.0575 0.0575 0.0575
0.0828 0.0828 0.0828
0.0083 0.0083 0.0083
0.0015 0.0015 0.0015
0.0015 0.0015 0.0015
0.0015 0.0015 0.0015
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
0.0043 0.0043 0.0043
0.0108 0.0108 0.0108
0.2781 0.2781 0.2781
0.0097 0.0097 0.0097
0.0988 0.0988 0.0988
0.0146 0.0146 0.0146
0.0260 0.0260 0.0260
0.0040 0.0040 0.0040
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
0.0017 0.0017 0.0017
0.0039 0.0039 0.0039
0.0017 0.0017 0.0017
0.0011 0.0011 0.0011
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
0.0008 0.0008 0.0008
0.0034 0.0034 0.0034
0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
0.0034 0.0034 0.0034
0.0046 0.0046 0.0046
0.0049 0.0049 0.0049
0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
D28
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
189
252
211
253
244
247
184
280
298
225
210
210
225
286
190
268
177
182
207
217
183
227
244
272
255
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.31
0.22
0.37
0.23
0.39
0.57
0.30
0.19
0.37
0.11
0.13
0.12
0.14
0.39
0.66
0.44
0.34
0.42
0.44
0.36
0.54
0.35
0.19
0.35
0.25
0.314974
71
NOx
5.40
6.23
5.42
5.28
6.24
6.13
6.70
5.68
6.32
6.63
6.73
6.55
6.73
5.07
6.08
6.50
6.20
6.43
6.59
5.49
6.63
6.34
6.30
6.44
5.89
5.549376
71
CO
0.92
0.30
0.57
0.47
0.74
0.69
0.61
0.51
1.16
0.57
1.77
1.15
0.64
0.50
1.56
0.50
0.89
0.87
1.15
1.00
0.81
0.51
1.66
1.09
0.40
0.695869
71
PM
0.21
0.23
0.22
0.27
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.30
0.13
0.21
0.20
0.16
0.20
0.40
0.22
0.28
0.30
0.36
0.22
0.34
0.27
0.36
0.23
0.13
0.257528
71
HCwgt
0.0009
0.0026
0.0003
0.0002
0.0005
0.0003
0.0010
0.0017
0.0012
0.0001
0.0019
0.0017
0.0017
0.0246
0.0005
0.0013
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0015
0.0015
0.0055
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0009
0.0026
0.0003
0.0002
0.0005
0.0003
0.0010
0.0017
0.0012
0.0001
0.0019
0.0017
0.0017
0.0246
0.0005
0.0013
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0015
0.0015
0.0055
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0009
0.0026
0.0003
0.0002
0.0005
0.0003
0.0010
0.0017
0.0012
0.0001
0.0019
0.0017
0.0017
0.0246
0.0005
0.0013
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0015
0.0015
0.0055
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0009
0.0026
0.0003
0.0002
0.0005
0.0003
0.0010
0.0017
0.0012
0.0001
0.0019
0.0017
0.0017
0.0246
0.0005
0.0013
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0015
0.0015
0.0055
1.0000
D29
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data
300-600 hp
Rated HP
310
415
340
300
425
300
330
397
362
500
455
599
535
350
430
480
525
336
422
563
308
335
543
336
336
339
399
517
401
431
361
350
313
430
425
586
329
590
335
306
326
493
493
335
375
525
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.34
0.10
0.12
0.08
0.90
0.28
0.33
0.19
0.16
0.13
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.22
0.14
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.28
0.27
0.22
0.37
0.41
0.21
0.18
0.17
0.23
0.17
0.20
0.08
0.13
0.35
0.08
0.20
0.26
0.34
0.26
0.24
0.50
0.16
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.17
NOx
5.48
4.65
3.91
5.78
6.38
6.13
5.28
4.65
5.49
6.10
5.48
6.59
5.79
6.52
6.29
6.85
6.52
5.48
4.97
5.11
5.68
5.51
5.66
4.65
5.99
5.72
5.33
5.74
6.02
5.59
5.77
5.74
6.38
6.64
6.44
4.64
6.38
6.40
6.17
6.29
4.04
4.26
5.89
5.78
5.72
6.06
CO
0.79
0.40
0.56
0.43
2.17
0.81
1.07
1.35
1.57
1.67
0.82
2.67
2.10
1.17
0.34
1.16
0.65
0.45
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.74
0.54
0.68
1.31
0.92
0.91
0.37
0.50
0.43
0.62
2.10
0.59
0.56
0.76
0.45
0.61
0.72
1.05
0.72
0.43
1.04
0.95
0.41
0.32
0.60
PM
0.13
0.08
0.17
0.13
0.16
0.36
0.36
0.19
0.21
0.17
0.17
0.33
0.34
0.20
0.13
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.11
0.11
0.20
0.28
0.25
0.25
0.30
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.19
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.24
0.32
0.37
0.14
0.22
0.28
0.18
0.20
0.23
HCwgt
0.0011
0.0036
0.0271
0.0036
0.0522
0.0049
0.0060
0.0027
0.1859
0.0260
0.0036
0.0763
0.0060
0.0597
0.0199
0.1809
0.0109
0.0071
0.0007
0.0004
0.0016
0.0027
0.0099
0.0282
0.0072
0.0035
0.0047
0.0575
0.0158
0.0071
0.0061
0.0089
0.0116
0.0022
0.0689
0.0043
0.0025
0.0001
0.0004
0.0137
0.0010
0.0014
0.0004
0.0002
0.0038
0.0002
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt
0.0011 0.0011 0.0011
0.0036 0.0036 0.0036
0.0271 0.0271 0.0271
0.0036 0.0036 0.0036
0.0522 0.0522 0.0522
0.0049 0.0049 0.0049
0.0060 0.0060 0.0060
0.0027 0.0027 0.0027
0.1859 0.1859 0.1859
0.0260 0.0260 0.0260
0.0036 0.0036 0.0036
0.0763 0.0763 0.0763
0.0060 0.0060 0.0060
0.0597 0.0597 0.0597
0.0199 0.0199 0.0199
0.1809 0.1809 0.1809
0.0109 0.0109 0.0109
0.0071 0.0071 0.0071
0.0007 0.0007 0.0007
0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
0.0016 0.0016 0.0016
0.0027 0.0027 0.0027
0.0099 0.0099 0.0099
0.0282 0.0282 0.0282
0.0072 0.0072 0.0072
0.0035 0.0035 0.0035
0.0047 0.0047 0.0047
0.0575 0.0575 0.0575
0.0158 0.0158 0.0158
0.0071 0.0071 0.0071
0.0061 0.0061 0.0061
0.0089 0.0089 0.0089
0.0116 0.0116 0.0116
0.0022 0.0022 0.0022
0.0689 0.0689 0.0689
0.0043 0.0043 0.0043
0.0025 0.0025 0.0025
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
0.0137 0.0137 0.0137
0.0010 0.0010 0.0010
0.0014 0.0014 0.0014
0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
0.0038 0.0038 0.0038
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
D30
-------
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)
300-600 hp
Rated HP
571
475
327
327
330
330
313
381
496
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.31
0.28
0.22
0.24
0.07
0.04
0.27
0.21
0.13
0.201521
55
NOx
3.98
4.09
6.39
6.11
5.07
5.64
6.26
6.55
6.12
6.049760
55
CO
0.48
0.46
0.46
0.48
0.44
0.40
0.31
0.61
0.28
1.201752
55
PM
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.10
0.16
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.192703
55
HCwgt
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0036
0.0116
0.0134
0.0186
0.0016
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0036
0.0116
0.0134
0.0186
0.0016
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0036
0.0116
0.0134
0.0186
0.0016
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0036
0.0116
0.0134
0.0186
0.0016
1.0000
Table D5.
600-750 hp
Rated HP
660
740
640
730
740
600
686
750
750
750
750
641
740
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
1999 MY
Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.05
0.05
0.11
0.06
0.10
0.26
0.20
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.35
0.26
0.24
0.118392
13
NOx
6.24
5.68
5.62
5.04
5.53
6.02
5.70
5.84
5.90
4.48
5.80
5.84
5.85
5.723896
13
CO
0.83
1.57
0.83
0.99
1.62
1.78
0.65
0.90
1.29
1.43
1.48
0.83
1.37
1.361031
13
PM
0.14
0.25
0.19
0.19
0.33
0.24
0.30
0.16
0.22
0.24
0.30
0.18
0.28
0.227162
13
HCwgt
0.1765
0.2857
0.0071
0.0903
0.0429
0.1618
0.0139
0.0113
0.0588
0.0597
0.0828
0.0046
0.0046
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.1765
0.2857
0.0071
0.0903
0.0429
0.1618
0.0139
0.0113
0.0588
0.0597
0.0828
0.0046
0.0046
1.0000
CO wgt
0.1765
0.2857
0.0071
0.0903
0.0429
0.1618
0.0139
0.0113
0.0588
0.0597
0.0828
0.0046
0.0046
1.0000
PM wgt
0.1765
0.2857
0.0071
0.0903
0.0429
0.1618
0.0139
0.0113
0.0588
0.0597
0.0828
0.0046
0.0046
1.0000
D31
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data
0-1 1 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
Rated HP HC NOx
6 6.57
6 5.28
10
7
7
11
10
7
8
10
4 0.78 5.18
7 0.71 4.82
8 0.58 5.74
11 0.57 5.10
4
7
10
7
10
9
Sales-wgt 0.69210
EF 3 5.170337
Sample
Size 4 6
0.67535
Calc HC* 1
Calc
NOx* 5.290871
HC+NOx
7.33
7.78
3.36
3.82
3.77
5.45
5.23
6.54
5.76
5.03
5.96
5.53
6.32
5.67
6.61
6.25
6.30
6.57
3.72
3.88
5.966223
20
CO
4.20
3.16
1.04
2.11
2.95
4.10
1.68
3.81
4.50
4.21
3.93
3.83
3.29
3.18
5.00
5.03
3.84
3.61
1.91
3.84
4.05136
6
20
PM HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.07
0.12
0.28
0.35
0.33
0.24
0.21
0.43
0.52
0.42
0.66 0.131414
0.57 0.128205
0.45 0.091981
0.54 0.101183
0.50
0.49
0.39
0.48
0.35
0.33
0.452858
20 0.113196
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1309
0.6675
0.1309
0.0706
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.1007
0.0280
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1141
0.5817
0.1141
0.0615
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0289
0.0080
0.0088
0.0096
0.0225
0.0096
0.0193
0.0123
0.0006
0.0006
0.0328
0.1672
0.0328
0.0177
0.2089
0.1607
0.1832
0.0164
0.0501
0.0096
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0289
0.0080
0.0088
0.0096
0.0225
0.0096
0.0193
0.0123
0.0006
0.0006
0.0328
0.1672
0.0328
0.0177
0.2089
0.1607
0.1832
0.0164
0.0501
0.0096
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0289
0.0080
0.0088
0.0096
0.0225
0.0096
0.0193
0.0123
0.0006
0.0006
0.0328
0.1672
0.0328
0.0177
0.2089
0.1607
0.1832
0.0164
0.0501
0.0096
1.0000
* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC •*- (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.
Calculated HC = (avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D32
-------
11-25hp
Rated HP HC
19
17 0.58
25 0.45
21
17
18
23
11
17
12
18
21
24
24
25
19
18 0.17
17 0.10
25 0.11
12
23
22
20
16
19
21
18
21
15 0.72
15 0.43
16 0.57
22 0.77
12
16
12
19
22
24
17
18
Sales-wgt
EF 0.489983
Sample
Size 9
CalcHC* 0.401631
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC wgt
HC+NOx*
5.02
3.79 4.37
4.07 4.52
4.30
5.26
5.15
3.98
4.88
4.38
5.54
1.10 4.96
3.68
3.54
5.67
6.45
3.40
5.59 5.76
3.48 3.58
3.38 3.49
5.53
4.30
4.66
5.66
4.02
6.24
4.30
5.97
4.10
5.29 6.02
5.70 6.12
5.62 6.19
5.17 5.94
5.03
4.46
3.17
4.29
3.47
5.63
4.88
3.24
3.749647 4.948900
10 40
1.36
3.82
3.09
1.74
1.69
0.77
1.08
1.88
2.36
2.57
1.34
1.06
1.66
1.20
0.99
0.97
0.56
0.56
2.77
1.73
1.50
2.23
3.13
4.15
1.74
2.73
2.24
3.70
2.41
3.00
3.04
2.95
2.98
1.47
1.28
2.27
0.90
1.55
1.91
2.207041
39
0.45
0.57 0.131868
0.38 0.099558
0.24
0.39
0.23
0.26
0.50
0.52
0.33
0.56
0.57
0.30
0.56
0.41
0.37
0.54 0.028849
0.33 0.027933
0.30 0.030399
0.22
0.14
0.12
0.21
0.19
0.43
0.24
0.50
0.35
0.43 0.120198
0.39 0.069428
0.37 0.092771
0.45 0.129397
0.26
0.35
0.30
0.08
0.19
0.25
0.42
0.32
0.289982
40 0.081156
0.0000
0.0373
0.1493
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0033
0.1866
0.0974
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0410
0.0784
0.0187
0.3881
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx HC+NOx CO wgt
wgt wgt
0.0000
0.0289
0.1156
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2254
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0025
0.1445
0.0754
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0318
0.0607
0.0145
0.3006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0030
0.0051
0.0203
0.0005
0.0012
0.0013
0.0034
0.0026
0.0140
0.0081
0.0395
0.0130
0.0020
0.0022
0.0022
0.0028
0.0004
0.0253
0.0132
0.3139
0.0810
0.0253
0.0041
0.0003
0.0223
0.0046
0.0152
0.0101
0.0056
0.0106
0.0025
0.0527
0.0010
0.0450
0.0505
0.0284
0.0374
0.0837
0.0398
0.0061
1.0000
0.0032
0.0053
0.0211
0.0005
0.0012
0.0014
0.0035
0.0027
0.0146
0.0084
0.0000
0.0135
0.0021
0.0023
0.0023
0.0029
0.0005
0.0264
0.0138
0.3268
0.0843
0.0264
0.0042
0.0003
0.0232
0.0047
0.0158
0.0105
0.0058
0.0111
0.0026
0.0548
0.0011
0.0468
0.0526
0.0295
0.0390
0.0872
0.0414
0.0063
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0030
0.0051
0.0203
0.0005
0.0012
0.0013
0.0034
0.0026
0.0140
0.0081
0.0395
0.0130
0.0020
0.0022
0.0022
0.0028
0.0004
0.0253
0.0132
0.3139
0.0810
0.0253
0.0041
0.0003
0.0223
0.0046
0.0152
0.0101
0.0056
0.0106
0.0025
0.0527
0.0010
0.0450
0.0505
0.0284
0.0374
0.0837
0.0398
0.0061
1.0000
D33
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data
11-25 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings
Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC wgt NOx HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt
HC+NOx* wgt wgt
Calc
NOx* 4.547269
* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC •*- (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.
Calculated HC = (avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D34
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
25-50 hp
Rated HP HC
42
25
28
34
45
36
38
30
50
30
38
46
35
39
47
25
28
30
40
47
26
27
29
40
45
28
39
28 0.13
37 0.16
37 0.67
27 0.11
27 0.09
37 0.85
35 0.08
40 0.69
35 0.56
46 0.04
34 0.14
47 0.12
48 0.64
38
26
31
42
26
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx
6.52
5.31
4.92
5.21
5.95
3.12
3.62
2.79
6.14
6.94
6.69
6.65
5.68
6.58
5.84
4.35
3.76
3.86
4.50
3.38
3.18
5.66
4.11
2.78
4.04
3.57
4.35
4.23 4.36
3.56 3.72
6.00 6.67
4.52 4.63
3.95 4.04
4.85 5.56
4.56 4.64
6.19 6.88
4.54 5.10
3.75 3.79
3.66 3.80
6.71 6.83
6.36 7.00
6.16
4.64
3.80
3.84
4.46
CO
3.35
1.49
1.56
1.44
0.48
1.31
2.13
3.06
1.64
1.92
2.29
1.74
1.84
1.35
0.64
1.24
0.83
0.62
0.87
0.98
1.62
1.16
1.62
0.87
2.65
1.89
1.33
2.30
3.55
0.57
0.82
2.55
0.90
1.62
1.52
0.68
0.98
0.74
1.46
1.66
1.30
1.16
0.77
0.96
PM
0.42
0.50
0.54
0.38
0.26
0.39
0.51
0.46
0.27
0.32
0.35
0.21
0.11
0.09
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.20
0.27
0.37
0.56
0.35
0.42
0.38
0.43
0.45
0.54
0.58
0.42
0.31
0.46
0.38
0.40
0.25
0.48
0.33
0.50
0.30
0.31
0.41
0.28
0.36
0.24
0.35
HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.029817
0.041678
0.10051
0.023758
0.021308
0.149123
0.017234
0.100291
0.109804
0.010554
0.036842
0.01757
0.091429
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0267
0.0595
0.0017
0.0017
0.0278
0.0076
0.0216
0.0056
0.7065
0.0014
0.0734
0.0050
0.0151
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1584
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0167
0.0372
0.0010
0.0010
0.0173
0.0047
0.0135
0.0035
0.4409
0.0009
0.0458
0.0031
0.0094
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0025
0.0005
0.0022
0.0069
0.0007
0.0007
0.0033
0.0004
0.0000
0.0390
0.0133
0.0123
0.0036
0.0051
0.0044
0.0004
0.0022
0.0030
0.0013
0.0005
0.0004
0.0001
0.0160
0.0379
0.0147
0.0010
0.0004
0.0019
0.0043
0.0001
0.0001
0.0020
0.0005
0.0016
0.0004
0.0509
0.0001
0.0053
0.0004
0.0011
0.0363
0.0076
0.0400
0.0073
0.0545
CO wgt
0.0025
0.0005
0.0022
0.0069
0.0007
0.0007
0.0033
0.0004
0.0000
0.0390
0.0133
0.0123
0.0036
0.0051
0.0044
0.0004
0.0022
0.0030
0.0013
0.0005
0.0004
0.0001
0.0159
0.0379
0.0147
0.0010
0.0004
0.0019
0.0043
0.0001
0.0001
0.0020
0.0005
0.0016
0.0004
0.0509
0.0001
0.0053
0.0004
0.0011
0.0363
0.0076
0.0400
0.0073
0.0545
PM wgt
0.0025
0.0005
0.0022
0.0069
0.0007
0.0007
0.0033
0.0004
0.0000
0.0390
0.0133
0.0123
0.0036
0.0051
0.0044
0.0004
0.0022
0.0030
0.0013
0.0005
0.0004
0.0001
0.0159
0.0379
0.0147
0.0010
0.0004
0.0019
0.0043
0.0001
0.0001
0.0020
0.0005
0.0016
0.0004
0.0509
0.0001
0.0053
0.0004
0.0011
0.0363
0.0076
0.0400
0.0073
0.0545
D35
-------
25-50 hp
Rated HP
41
31
31
37
49
38
48
40
30
38
26
25
33
36
30
35
40
42
44
40
38
30
42
39
45
49
44
47
43
41
48
26
28
25
30
25
33
41
29
37
25
37
25
30
45
38
HC
0.18
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings
NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC wgt NOx HC+NOx COwgt
4.99
5.73
5.15
4.62
4.82
5.32
6.35
4.81
5.27
5.11
4.47
5.95
5.99
4.63
5.17
2.79
3.62
2.62
5.78
2.37
6.06
5.29
5.48
5.53
6.35
5.56
6.36
6.00
6.51
6.07
4.73
5.62
4.09
6.19
5.81
6.35
6.25
5.45
5.78
5.53
5.82
5.91
5.76
5.97
5.82
6.76
6.01
6.03
6.09
6.07
5.85
5.79
0.75
0.74
0.80
0.80
1.93
1.58
0.93
0.94
3.06
2.13
1.83
3.66
1.58
1.07
1.50
1.61
2.57
1.01
1.69
1.33
1.25
3.22
0.70
1.01
1.30
0.80
1.09
2.45
2.33
0.95
1.59
2.00
3.61
2.91
2.93
3.45
2.74
1.35
2.82
1.71
3.03
2.59
3.03
3.01
3.21
3.23
0.25
0.19
0.26
0.29
0.43
0.36
0.23
0.48
0.46
0.51
0.25
0.43
0.53
0.33
0.33
0.36
0.22
0.13
0.34
0.33
0.36
0.50
0.31
0.34
0.38
0.25
0.53
0.44
0.26
0.32
0.28
0.15
0.40
0.37
0.35
0.24
0.28
0.49
0.25
0.40
0.32
0.35
0.20
0.38
0.45
0.39
HC+NOx*
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.034632 0.0465
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0290
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0441
0.0000
0.0157
0.0236
0.0000
0.0157
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0693
0.0000
0.0055
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
wgt
0.0009
0.0309
0.0582
0.2108
0.0018
0.0018
0.0031
0.0033
0.0011
0.0003
0.0001
0.0029
0.0013
0.0051
0.0002
0.0018
0.0027
0.0001
0.0018
0.0015
0.0004
0.0038
0.0004
0.0138
0.0016
0.0038
0.0016
0.0080
0.0004
0.0000
0.0002
0.0236
0.0096
0.0129
0.0012
0.0006
0.0230
0.0009
0.0070
0.0007
0.0222
0.0181
0.0000
0.0117
0.0291
0.0027
0.0009
0.0309
0.0581
0.2107
0.0018
0.0018
0.0031
0.0033
0.0011
0.0003
0.0001
0.0029
0.0013
0.0051
0.0002
0.0018
0.0027
0.0001
0.0018
0.0015
0.0004
0.0038
0.0004
0.0138
0.0016
0.0038
0.0016
0.0080
0.0004
0.0006
0.0002
0.0236
0.0096
0.0129
0.0012
0.0006
0.0230
0.0009
0.0070
0.0007
0.0222
0.0181
0.0000
0.0117
0.0291
0.0027
PM wgt
0.0009
0.0309
0.0581
0.2107
0.0018
0.0018
0.0031
0.0033
0.0011
0.0003
0.0001
0.0029
0.0013
0.0051
0.0002
0.0018
0.0027
0.0001
0.0018
0.0015
0.0004
0.0038
0.0004
0.0138
0.0016
0.0038
0.0016
0.0080
0.0004
0.0006
0.0002
0.0236
0.0096
0.0129
0.0012
0.0006
0.0230
0.0009
0.0070
0.0007
0.0222
0.0181
0.0000
0.0117
0.0291
0.0027
D36
-------
25-50 hp
Rated HP
HC
48
34
50
46
41
27
39
Sales-wgt
EF 0.452946
Sample
Size 14
CalcHC* 0.284899
Calc
NOx*
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO
Sales Weightings
PM HCfracof HC wgt NOx HC+NOx COwgt PM wgt
HC+NOx*
wgt
wgt
4.85
6.00
5.94
6.01
5.76
3.04
5.53
1.56
1.87
2.54
2.79
0.98
1.96
0.44
0.34
0.20
0.33
0.40
0.26
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0435
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0715
0.0000
0.0064
0.0042
0.0023
0.0010
0.0000
0.0715
0.0000
0.0064
0.0042
0.0023
0.0010
0.0000
0.0715
0.0000
0.0064
0.0042
0.0023
0.0010
4.893606 5.083919 1.522782 0.331337 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
22 95 96 96 0.056039
4.799020
* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC •*- (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.
Calculated HC = (avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D37
-------
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP
67
79
96
80
67
75
85
56
75
98
62
57
55
64
82
53
83
65
84
68
51
56
78
52
50
52
51
54
51
55
64
76
51
56
83
91
79
86
86
53
51
78
74
80
98
HC
0.48
0.75
0.70
0.48
0.46
0.70
0.71
0.17
1.44
0.69
0.60
0.39
0.43
0.29
0.41
0.48
0.49
0.42
0.55
0.46
0.35
0.05
0.49
0.76
0.72
0.71
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt
6.40
5.74
5.81
7.61
6.35
5.68
6.14
5.71
5.68
6.30
6.23
6.20
5.80
5.92
5.23
6.32
6.47
6.20
6.79
6.70
5.38
5.21
6.22
4.59
3.43
5.22
5.79
4.15
6.68
6.16
5.62
5.35
5.34
4.88
4.80
6.63
5.25
4.98
5.09
6.56
3.56
3.77
4.70
5.78
6.30
Data (cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt
4.32
1.96
2.28
1.03
2.19
2.28
1.68
1.18
3.90
1.45
3.04
0.98
2.17
1.08
2.22
0.46
0.76
1.32
2.47
0.83
0.67
0.75
3.00
2.06
3.26
1.68
0.56
0.34
0.49
0.35
0.29
0.49
0.21
0.45
0.38
0.36
0.63
0.28
0.60
0.51
0.64
0.27
0.34
0.54
0.55
0.38
0.21
0.20
0.52
0.32
0.51
0.21
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1534
0.0219
0.1315
0.0418
0.0418
0.0279
0.0005
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0094
0.0110
0.0240
0.0011
0.0163
0.0076
0.0149
0.0087
0.0014
0.0099
0.0378
0.0335
0.0013
0.0013
0.0000
0.0159
0.0159
0.0199
0.0060
0.0050
wgt
0.0035
0.0015
0.0005
0.0381
0.0054
0.0327
0.0104
0.0104
0.0069
0.0001
0.0010
0.0010
0.0010
0.0049
0.0802
0.0217
0.0029
0.0174
0.0000
0.0030
0.0015
0.0042
0.0001
0.0188
0.0079
0.0023
0.0027
0.0060
0.0003
0.0041
0.0019
0.0037
0.0022
0.0003
0.0025
0.0094
0.0083
0.0003
0.0003
0.0478
0.0040
0.0040
0.0050
0.0015
0.0012
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1520
0.0217
0.1303
0.0415
0.0415
0.0276
0.0005
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0093
0.0109
0.0238
0.0011
0.0162
0.0075
0.0148
0.0086
0.0014
0.0098
0.0375
0.0332
0.0013
0.0013
0.0000
0.0158
0.0158
0.0197
0.0059
0.0049
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1572
0.0225
0.1348
0.0429
0.0429
0.0286
0.0005
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0096
0.0112
0.0246
0.0011
0.0167
0.0078
0.0153
0.0089
0.0014
0.0101
0.0388
0.0344
0.0013
0.0014
0.0000
0.0163
0.0163
0.0204
0.0061
0.0051
D38
-------
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP
56
85
59
51
56
89
73
86
93
72
54
65
59
53
56
54
63
57
55
51
87
52
89
67
92
55
59
85
64
79
58
52
64
60
96
68
52
68
80
80
59
84
94
50
77
59
HC
0.46
0.48
0.54
0.05
0.22
0.35
0.83
0.86
0.03
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt
5.71
6.14
4.37
5.12
4.18
3.57
3.68
5.42
4.71
4.31
6.31
4.18 4.24
3.34
4.60
5.95
2.62
5.06
4.46
2.91
5.35
5.92
6.32
6.40
5.71
6.16
2.62
5.90
2.18
5.58
6.16
3.23
6.62
5.13
6.06
5.09
5.85
5.97
6.11
6.00
5.40
3.58
6.14
5.75
5.80
3.55
5.59
Data (cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt
2.19
1.03
2.42
0.90
1.01
1.22
3.19
4.00
1.78
0.15
0.96
0.29 0.0002
0.35 0.0002
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0157
0.0178
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.54 0.1915
0.29 0.0992
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.63 0.0060
0.64 0.0075
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.38 0.0000
0.18 0.0021
0.45 0.0000
wgt
0.0001
0.0001
0.0119
0.0005
0.0114
0.0178
0.0124
0.0104
0.0114
0.0054
0.0039
0.0044
0.0003
0.0015
0.0005
0.0048
0.0006
0.0052
0.0014
0.0154
0.0154
0.0050
0.0025
0.0476
0.0247
0.0012
0.0012
0.0013
0.0124
0.0067
0.0109
0.0097
0.0045
0.0258
0.1312
0.0669
0.0421
0.0099
0.0015
0.0019
0.0030
0.0010
0.0003
0.0008
0.0005
0.0010
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0002
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0156
0.0177
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1898
0.0983
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0059
0.0074
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0034
0.0021
0.0040
0.0002
0.0002
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1963
0.1017
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0061
0.0077
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0035
0.0021
0.0042
D39
-------
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP
100
75
58
54
67
80
56
58
60
70
58
95
100
Sales- wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emissio
HC NOx
6.27
3.87
3.91
5.40
4.89
4.80
5.23
5.12
4.12
5.59
5.72
5.10
5.73
0.462 5.49489
89 2
35 104
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification
i Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC+NOx CO PM HCwgt
Data (cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx HC+NOx COwgt PM wgt
4.235576
0.87 0.33 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2.0470 0.4604
6 3 1.0000
wgt
0.0004
0.0015
0.0020
0.0001
0.0163
0.0005
0.0016
0.0157
0.0025
0.0138
0.0002
0.0030
0.0114
1.0000
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0015
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0015
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
38
36
D40
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data
100-1 75 hp
Rated HP
173
108
143
100
125
118
155
110
165
166
125
118
144
109
133
168
155
109
157
121
134
103
153
164
139
144
100
125
155
125
103
151
120
144
118
113
132
173
108
116
168
118
120
103
172
115
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.33
0.35
0.23
0.25
0.38
0.23
0.25
0.11
0.49
0.34
0.57
0.51
0.47
0.52
0.35
0.23
0.38
0.16
0.57
0.42
0.13
NOx
6.37
6.47
6.09
6.08
6.21
4.53
4.23
6.06
6.24
4.95
6.21
4.53
4.97
6.41
6.50
6.17
6.39
6.32
6.65
4.30
4.30
6.26
5.65
4.67
4.30
6.61
6.08
6.21
4.23
5.74
5.94
5.60
5.50
5.80
5.52
4.41
6.05
5.79
6.25
6.43
5.85
6.30
5.55
6.19
5.31
5.77
CO
0.78
0.70
0.47
0.54
0.75
0.47
0.54
0.63
0.53
1.23
1.00
1.58
0.49
1.06
1.25
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.43
1.45
0.76
0.45
PM
0.11
0.28
0.16
0.22
0.35
0.16
0.22
0.13
0.13
0.28
0.24
0.39
0.26
0.23
0.19
0.28
0.16
0.35
0.26
0.33
0.27
0.25
HCwgt
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.2138
0.0077
0.0165
0.1983
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1202
0.0165
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0013
0.0007
0.0127
0.0145
0.0033
0.0012
0.0000
0.0881
0.0220
0.1102
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0759
0.0150
0.0382
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0180
0.0000
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt
0.0004 0.0006 0.0006
0.0007 0.0000 0.0000
0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
0.1425 0.2133 0.2164
0.0051 0.0077 0.0078
0.0110 0.0165 0.0167
0.1322 0.1979 0.2008
0.0019 0.0000 0.0000
0.0495 0.0000 0.0000
0.0040 0.0000 0.0000
0.0801 0.1200 0.1217
0.0110 0.0165 0.0167
0.0026 0.0000 0.0000
0.0026 0.0000 0.0000
0.0026 0.0000 0.0000
0.0006 0.0009 0.0009
0.0170 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0116 0.0000 0.0000
0.0009 0.0013 0.0013
0.0004 0.0007 0.0007
0.0085 0.0127 0.0129
0.0097 0.0145 0.0147
0.0022 0.0033 0.0033
0.0008 0.0012 0.0012
0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
0.0588 0.0880 0.0892
0.0147 0.0220 0.0223
0.0735 0.1100 0.1115
0.0134 0.0000 0.0000
0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
0.0414 0.0000 0.0000
0.0494 0.0000 0.0000
0.0009 0.0000 0.0000
0.0060 0.0000 0.0000
0.0067 0.0000 0.0000
0.0027 0.0000 0.0000
0.0506 0.0757 0.0768
0.0100 0.0150 0.0152
0.0255 0.0381 0.0387
0.0008 0.0000 0.0000
0.0287 0.0000 0.0000
0.0089 0.0000 0.0000
0.0120 0.0180 0.0183
0.0067 0.0000 0.0000
D41
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
100-1 75 hp
Rated HP
152
103
135
130
100
114
127
117
172
173
142
138
161
130
116
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC NOx CO PM
5.82
0.53
0.45
0.63
0.57
0.54
0.23
0.332460
27
5.30
6.68
6.61
5.50
6.39
5.38
6.23
6.23
6.57
5.92
6.68
5.96
5.05
5.82
5.593736
61
1.24
0.92
1.21
1.35
1.83
1.33
0.83
0.685810
29
0.51
0.24
0.36
0.47
0.42
0.23
0.282059
28
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0023
0.0010
0.0017
0.0031
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0020
0.0000
0.0000
0.0141
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt CO wgt
0.0601 0.0000
0.0015
0.0007
0.0011
0.0021
0.0040
0.0013
0.0013
0.0040
0.0013
0.0013
0.0014
0.0094
0.0002
0.0003
1.0000
0.0023
0.0010
0.0017
0.0031
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0020
0.0020
0.0000
0.0141
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0023
0.0010
0.0017
0.0031
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0020
0.0020
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
D42
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
257
200
240
215
260
240
280
210
275
205
255
290
260
225
240
200
189
240
200
296
261
248
275
196
184
186
249
243
185
241
241
227
193
200
189
215
240
280
189
252
238
244
285
197
251
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.43
0.26
0.10
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.20
0.11
0.19
0.08
0.09
0.36
0.41
0.10
0.26
0.33
0.29
0.25
0.31
0.47
0.34
0.14
0.35
0.24
0.34
0.48
0.40
0.54
0.21
0.41
0.51
0.60
0.26
0.33
0.32
0.29
0.47
0.31
0.22
0.21
0.39
0.06
0.33
0.23
NOx
6.43
5.13
5.06
5.51
5.82
5.38
5.47
5.89
4.56
5.96
6.20
5.46
5.73
5.70
5.06
5.13
3.95
5.38
5.43
6.41
6.06
5.31
5.38
6.52
5.84
6.28
6.37
5.88
4.19
4.14
6.44
6.72
6.69
5.13
3.95
5.51
5.38
5.47
5.40
6.23
5.95
6.24
5.93
5.07
5.59
HC+NOx CO
0.76
0.60
0.38
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.52
1.49
1.26
1.73
0.96
2.19
1.30
0.84
0.38
0.60
0.54
0.49
1.23
0.96
0.89
1.04
0.48
0.95
0.69
0.69
1.08
1.67
4.73 0.93
4.35 0.67
1.11
1.07
0.85
0.60
0.54
0.55
0.49
0.52
0.92
0.30
0.51
0.74
0.60
0.76
0.42
PM
0.20
0.22
0.15
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.33
0.26
0.25
0.29
0.35
0.39
0.22
0.15
0.22
0.20
0.27
0.35
0.25
0.27
0.35
0.14
0.36
0.15
0.23
0.24
0.37
0.20
0.17
0.34
0.33
0.21
0.22
0.20
0.32
0.27
0.23
0.21
0.23
0.19
0.18
0.09
0.18
0.11
HCwgt
0.0005
0.0678
0.0136
0.0329
0.0213
0.0213
0.0484
0.0362
0.0027
0.0096
0.0252
0.0097
0.0022
0.0588
0.0968
0.1355
0.0039
0.1936
0.0034
0.0034
0.0002
0.0002
0.0014
0.0037
0.0215
0.0017
0.0001
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0024
0.0055
0.0010
0.0194
0.0039
0.0194
0.0116
0.0020
0.0014
0.0092
0.0006
0.0011
0.0009
0.0044
0.0072
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0005
0.0678
0.0136
0.0329
0.0213
0.0213
0.0484
0.0362
0.0027
0.0096
0.0252
0.0097
0.0022
0.0588
0.0968
0.1355
0.0039
0.1936
0.0034
0.0034
0.0002
0.0002
0.0014
0.0037
0.0215
0.0017
0.0001
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0024
0.0055
0.0010
0.0194
0.0039
0.0194
0.0116
0.0020
0.0014
0.0092
0.0006
0.0011
0.0009
0.0044
0.0072
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5000
0.5000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CO wgt
0.0005
0.0678
0.0136
0.0329
0.0213
0.0213
0.0484
0.0362
0.0027
0.0096
0.0252
0.0097
0.0022
0.0588
0.0968
0.1355
0.0039
0.1936
0.0034
0.0034
0.0002
0.0002
0.0014
0.0037
0.0215
0.0017
0.0001
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0024
0.0055
0.0010
0.0194
0.0039
0.0194
0.0116
0.0020
0.0014
0.0092
0.0006
0.0011
0.0009
0.0044
0.0072
PM wgt
0.0005
0.0678
0.0136
0.0329
0.0213
0.0213
0.0484
0.0362
0.0027
0.0096
0.0252
0.0097
0.0022
0.0588
0.0968
0.1355
0.0039
0.1936
0.0034
0.0034
0.0002
0.0002
0.0014
0.0037
0.0215
0.0017
0.0001
0.0002
0.0004
0.0004
0.0024
0.0055
0.0010
0.0194
0.0039
0.0194
0.0116
0.0020
0.0014
0.0092
0.0006
0.0011
0.0009
0.0044
0.0072
D43
-------
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
184
280
298
212
210
225
286
181
202
190
177
182
207
217
183
227
244
272
255
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Table D6.
2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.30
0.19
0.37
0.29
0.09
0.09
0.22
0.15
0.38
0.66
0.34
0.42
0.44
0.36
0.54
0.35
0.19
0.35
0.25
0.26631
0
64
NOx HC+NOx
6.70
5.68
6.32
6.41
5.16
6.78
5.35
5.69
8.06
6.08
6.20
6.43
6.59
5.49
6.63
6.34
6.30
6.44
5.89
5.44172
9 4.540000
64 2
CO
0.61
0.51
1.16
0.40
0.90
0.40
1.24
0.44
1.42
1.56
0.89
0.87
1.15
1.00
0.81
0.51
1.66
1.09
0.40
0.66672
5
64
PM
0.18
0.18
0.30
0.14
0.18
0.16
0.38
0.27
0.42
0.40
0.28
0.30
0.37
0.22
0.34
0.27
0.36
0.23
0.13
0.24068
5
64
HCwgt
0.0023
0.0039
0.0029
0.0035
0.0070
0.0058
0.0304
0.0127
0.0009
0.0007
0.0026
0.0009
0.0009
0.0018
0.0009
0.0009
0.0035
0.0035
0.0087
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0023
0.0039
0.0029
0.0035
0.0070
0.0058
0.0304
0.0127
0.0009
0.0007
0.0026
0.0009
0.0009
0.0018
0.0009
0.0009
0.0035
0.0035
0.0087
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0023
0.0039
0.0029
0.0035
0.0070
0.0058
0.0304
0.0127
0.0009
0.0007
0.0026
0.0009
0.0009
0.0018
0.0009
0.0009
0.0035
0.0035
0.0087
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0023
0.0039
0.0029
0.0035
0.0070
0.0058
0.0304
0.0127
0.0009
0.0007
0.0026
0.0009
0.0009
0.0018
0.0009
0.0009
0.0035
0.0035
0.0087
1.0000
D44
-------
300-600 hp
Rated HP
310
415
496
340
300
395
300
330
397
362
322
455
599
535
350
430
525
440
336
422
449
308
335
563
543
305
325
315
329
590
335
306
326
493
493
334
322
375
525
330
571
475
542
327
327
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.34
0.10
0.13
0.12
0.08
0.51
0.28
0.33
0.19
0.16
0.15
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.22
0.14
0.16
0.11
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.28
0.27
0.14
0.22
0.09
0.10
0.28
0.24
0.34
0.26
0.24
0.50
0.16
0.16
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.17
0.21
0.31
0.28
0.32
0.22
0.24
NOx
5.48
4.65
6.12
3.91
5.78
6.48
6.13
5.28
4.65
5.49
3.98
5.48
6.59
5.79
6.52
6.29
6.52
6.38
5.48
4.97
5.10
5.68
5.51
5.11
5.66
6.00
6.51
5.20
6.60
6.40
6.17
6.29
4.04
4.26
5.89
5.58
3.99
5.72
6.06
6.39
3.98
4.09
3.80
6.39
6.11
HC+NOx CO
0.79
0.40
0.28
0.56
0.43
2.14
0.81
1.07
1.35
1.57
0.75
0.82
2.67
2.10
1.17
0.34
0.65
0.35
0.45
0.40
5.24 0.50
0.45
0.74
0.40
0.54
0.99
0.51
0.70
0.84
0.72
1.05
0.72
0.43
1.04
0.95
0.31
0.41
0.32
0.60
0.44
0.48
0.46
0.56
0.46
0.48
PM
0.13
0.08
0.07
0.17
0.13
0.16
0.36
0.36
0.19
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.33
0.34
0.20
0.13
0.16
0.13
0.15
0.11
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.11
0.25
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.17
0.23
0.32
0.37
0.14
0.22
0.28
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.23
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.19
0.14
0.13
HCwgt
0.0016
0.0053
0.0011
0.0395
0.0053
0.0759
0.0071
0.0087
0.0039
0.2706
0.0379
0.0053
0.1111
0.0087
0.0869
0.0290
0.0158
0.0200
0.0103
0.0003
0.0005
0.0021
0.0006
0.0016
0.0116
0.0104
0.0235
0.0358
0.0037
0.0001
0.0003
0.0145
0.0048
0.0029
0.0006
0.0284
0.0009
0.0055
0.0047
0.0003
0.0032
0.0032
0.0032
0.0032
0.0032
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0029
0.0030
0.0008
0.0253
0.0023
0.2081
0.0107
0.0154
0.0040
0.2327
0.0306
0.0034
0.0239
0.0037
0.1010
0.0221
0.0139
0.0117
0.0077
0.0002
0.0004
0.0031
0.0009
0.0012
0.0139
0.0052
0.0130
0.0545
0.0048
0.0002
0.0004
0.0187
0.0130
0.0025
0.0005
0.0387
0.0011
0.0066
0.0044
0.0004
0.0052
0.0048
0.0054
0.0038
0.0041
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0016
0.0053
0.0011
0.0395
0.0053
0.0759
0.0071
0.0087
0.0039
0.2706
0.0379
0.0053
0.1111
0.0087
0.0869
0.0290
0.0158
0.0200
0.0103
0.0003
0.0005
0.0021
0.0006
0.0016
0.0116
0.0104
0.0235
0.0358
0.0037
0.0001
0.0003
0.0145
0.0048
0.0029
0.0006
0.0284
0.0009
0.0055
0.0047
0.0003
0.0032
0.0032
0.0032
0.0032
0.0032
CO wgt
0.0015
0.0042
0.0011
0.0267
0.0053
0.0852
0.0075
0.0079
0.0032
0.2574
0.0261
0.0050
0.1268
0.0087
0.0982
0.0316
0.0179
0.0221
0.0097
0.0002
0.0005
0.0021
0.0006
0.0014
0.0114
0.0108
0.0265
0.0322
0.0042
0.0001
0.0003
0.0158
0.0034
0.0021
0.0006
0.0275
0.0006
0.0055
0.0050
0.0004
0.0022
0.0022
0.0021
0.0035
0.0033
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
D45
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
300-600 hp
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
Sales Weightings
Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOxwgt HC+NOx COwgt PM wgt
460
335
330
313
381
496
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
0.19
0.43
0.05
0.27
0.21
0.13
0.186024
51
3.35
4.29
5.33
6.26
6.55
6.12
5.77026
0
51
0.33
0.81
0.43
0.31
0.61
0.28
1.25454
5.240000 6
1 51
0.05
0.12
0.21
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.20314
8
51
0.0003
0.0013
0.0405
0.0148
0.0289
0.0016
1.0000
0.0003
0.0029
0.0115
0.0214
0.0324
0.0011
1.0000
wgt
0.0003
0.0013
0.0405
0.0148
0.0289
0.0016
1.0000
0.0002
0.0009
0.0374
0.0161
0.0328
0.0017
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data
600-750 hp
Rated HP
660
740
730
740
600
630
641
740
740
750
750
750
750
684
671
Sales-wgt EF
Sample Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.10
0.26
0.16
0.19
0.24
0.24
0.07
0.08
0.35
0.13
0.19
0.48
0.126821
15
NOx
6.24
5.68
5.04
5.53
6.02
4.46
5.98
5.85
5.85
5.84
6.01
5.80
5.89
5.98
6.63
5.790567
15
CO
0.83
1.57
0.99
1.62
1.78
0.66
1.05
1.37
1.37
0.90
1.92
1.48
1.06
0.68
0.52
1.368105
15
PM
0.14
0.25
0.19
0.33
0.24
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.28
0.16
0.30
0.30
0.13
0.22
0.16
0.225632
15
HCwgt
0.1743
0.2823
0.0892
0.0423
0.1598
0.0249
0.0137
0.0066
0.0066
0.0112
0.0589
0.0818
0.0357
0.0062
0.0062
1.0000
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.1743
0.2823
0.0892
0.0423
0.1598
0.0249
0.0137
0.0066
0.0066
0.0112
0.0589
0.0818
0.0357
0.0062
0.0062
1.0000
COwgt
0.1743
0.2823
0.0892
0.0423
0.1598
0.0249
0.0137
0.0066
0.0066
0.0112
0.0589
0.0818
0.0357
0.0062
0.0062
1.0000
PM wgt
0.1743
0.2823
0.0892
0.0423
0.1598
0.0249
0.0137
0.0066
0.0066
0.0112
0.0589
0.0818
0.0357
0.0062
0.0062
1.0000
D46
-------
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)
>750 hp
Rated HP
800
758
1082
1850
2750
1200
2000
1250
1500
1200
899
1230
1874
1207
1026
2346
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.03
0.07
0.04
0.16
0.14
0.17
0.31
0.20
0.54
0.17
0.21
0.12
0.38
0.23
0.26
0.40
0.259060
16
NOx
6.19
5.26
5.96
5.89
6.18
5.17
5.91
6.51
6.24
5.17
6.02
6.03
6.15
5.45
5.07
6.04
6.252638
16
CO
0.36
1.07
0.70
1.10
1.31
0.34
1.49
0.51
0.87
0.34
0.53
0.67
1.36
1.26
0.70
1.39
0.727419
16
PM
0.10
0.16
0.15
0.31
0.17
0.16
0.25
0.13
0.27
0.16
0.15
0.26
0.15
0.24
0.18
0.26
0.183308
16
HCwgt
0.0321
0.0067
0.0555
0.0658
0.0515
0.0044
0.0297
0.4683
0.2120
0.0297
0.0044
0.0024
0.0059
0.0059
0.0059
0.0198
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0321
0.0067
0.0555
0.0658
0.0515
0.0044
0.0297
0.4683
0.2120
0.0297
0.0044
0.0024
0.0059
0.0059
0.0059
0.0198
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0321
0.0067
0.0555
0.0658
0.0515
0.0044
0.0297
0.4683
0.2120
0.0297
0.0044
0.0024
0.0059
0.0059
0.0059
0.0198
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0321
0.0067
0.0555
0.0658
0.0515
0.0044
0.0297
0.4683
0.2120
0.0297
0.0044
0.0024
0.0059
0.0059
0.0059
0.0198
1.0000
D47
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data
0-11 hp
Rated
HP
9
10
7
7
11
10
7
8
4
7
8
10
11
4
7
10
7
10
9
Sales-
wgt EF
Sample
Size
Calc HC*
Calc
NOx*
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
1.59
0.78
0.71
0.58
0.57
0.8283
78
5
0.8501
53
NOx
4.67
5.18
4.82
5.74
5.10
5.0737
63
5
5.1687
38
HC+NOx
6.70
3.36
3.82
3.77
5.45
5.23
6.26
4.09
5.96
5.53
6.32
5.49
5.67
6.61
6.25
6.30
6.57
3.72
3.88
6.0188
91
19
CO
4.70
1.04
2.11
2.95
4.10
1.68
3.81
1.09
3.93
3.83
3.29
3.86
3.18
5.00
5.03
3.84
3.61
1.91
3.84
4.1740
66
19
PM HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.57
0.28
0.35
0.33
0.24
0.21
0.44 0.253454
0.44
0.66 0.131414
0.57 0.128205
0.45 0.091981
0.51
0.54 0.101183
0.50
0.49
0.39
0.48
0.35
0.33
0.4420
10
19 0.141247
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2013
0.0000
0.1409
0.1477
0.1409
0.0000
0.3691
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2013
0.0000
0.1409
0.1477
0.1409
0.0000
0.3691
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0426
0.0059
0.0106
0.0355
0.0284
0.0248
0.0106
0.0004
0.0075
0.0078
0.0075
0.0075
0.0195
0.2768
0.1821
0.2425
0.0234
0.0554
0.0114
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0426
0.0059
0.0106
0.0355
0.0284
0.0248
0.0106
0.0004
0.0075
0.0078
0.0075
0.0075
0.0195
0.2768
0.1821
0.2425
0.0234
0.0554
0.0114
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0426
0.0059
0.0106
0.0355
0.0284
0.0248
0.0106
0.0004
0.0075
0.0078
0.0075
0.0075
0.0195
0.2768
0.1821
0.2425
0.0234
0.0554
0.0114
1.0000
* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC •*- (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.
Calculated HC = (avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D48
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY
11-25hp
Rated
HP
19
17
25
16
21
17
18
23
11
17
12
18
21
24
24
19
18
17
25
12
20
23
22
16
19
18
21
21
17
23
15
15
16
22
22
12
16
12
19
22
24
17
18
Sales-
wgt EF
Certification Data (cont.)
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.58
0.45
0.60
0.30
0.17
0.10
0.11
0.60
0.98
1.03
0.30
0.72
0.43
0.57
0.77
0.37
0.4478
31
NOx
3.79
4.07
3.61
3.77
5.59
3.48
3.38
3.61
4.38
5.04
3.77
5.29
5.70
5.62
5.17
5.17
4.1095
21
HC+NOx
5.02
4.37
4.52
4.21
4.07
5.26
5.15
3.98
4.88
4.38
5.54
4.96
3.68
3.54
5.67
3.40
5.76
3.58
3.49
5.53
5.66
4.30
4.66
4.21
5.36
6.05
4.07
4.10
3.62
5.34
6.02
6.12
6.19
5.94
5.53
5.03
4.46
3.17
4.29
3.47
5.63
4.88
3.24
4.8069
20
CO
1.36
3.82
3.09
2.31
1.72
1.69
0.77
1.08
1.88
2.36
2.57
1.10
1.34
1.06
1.66
0.99
0.97
0.56
0.56
2.77
2.23
1.73
1.50
2.31
3.78
3.50
1.72
2.24
1.57
0.68
3.70
2.41
3.00
3.04
1.58
2.95
2.98
1.47
1.28
2.27
0.90
1.55
1.91
2.1148
84
PM
0.45
0.57
0.38
0.10
0.20
0.39
0.23
0.26
0.50
0.52
0.33
0.56
0.57
0.30
0.56
0.37
0.54
0.33
0.30
0.22
0.21
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.25
0.41
0.20
0.35
0.30
0.22
0.43
0.39
0.37
0.45
0.32
0.26
0.35
0.30
0.08
0.19
0.25
0.42
0.32
0.2429
92
HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.131868
0.099558
0.141844
0.073394
0.028849
0.027933
0.030399
0.142113
0.182132
0.169964
0.073154
0.120198
0.069428
0.092771
0.129397
0.066038
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0312
0.1248
0.0062
0.0312
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0027
0.2702
0.1179
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0031
0.1373
0.0811
0.0343
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0137
0.0137
0.0069
0.0630
0.0624
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0000
0.0312
0.1248
0.0062
0.0312
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0027
0.2702
0.1179
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0031
0.1373
0.0811
0.0343
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0137
0.0137
0.0069
0.0630
0.0624
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0029
0.0036
0.0143
0.0007
0.0036
0.0004
0.0005
0.0024
0.0027
0.0037
0.0021
0.0301
0.0064
0.0014
0.0020
0.0031
0.0003
0.0309
0.0135
0.3563
0.0107
0.2138
0.0356
0.0004
0.0157
0.0093
0.0039
0.0071
0.0170
0.0020
0.0016
0.0016
0.0008
0.0072
0.0071
0.0011
0.0323
0.0355
0.0217
0.0276
0.0351
0.0280
0.0043
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0029
0.0036
0.0143
0.0007
0.0036
0.0004
0.0005
0.0024
0.0027
0.0037
0.0021
0.0301
0.0064
0.0014
0.0020
0.0031
0.0003
0.0309
0.0135
0.3563
0.0107
0.2138
0.0356
0.0004
0.0157
0.0093
0.0039
0.0071
0.0170
0.0020
0.0016
0.0016
0.0008
0.0072
0.0071
0.0011
0.0323
0.0355
0.0217
0.0276
0.0351
0.0280
0.0043
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0029
0.0036
0.0143
0.0007
0.0036
0.0004
0.0005
0.0024
0.0027
0.0037
0.0021
0.0301
0.0064
0.0014
0.0020
0.0031
0.0003
0.0309
0.0135
0.3563
0.0107
0.2138
0.0356
0.0004
0.0157
0.0093
0.0039
0.0071
0.0170
0.0020
0.0016
0.0016
0.0008
0.0072
0.0071
0.0011
0.0323
0.0355
0.0217
0.0276
0.0351
0.0280
0.0043
1.0000
D49
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
11-25hp
Rated
HP
Sample
Size
Calc HC*
Calc
NOx*
Emissio
HC NOx
16 16
0.47439
5
4.33252
5
43
43
PM
43
HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.09869
Sales Weightings
HCwgt NOxwgt HC+NOx COwgt PM wgt
wgt
* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC •*- (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.
Calculated HC = (avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D50
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
25-50 hp
Rated
HP
42
25
28
49
34
33
38
30
26
28
43
48
35
39
47
25
28
30
40
47
29
29
33
35
28
39
28
33
37
37
27
37
27
49
35
45
35
46
34
47
48
30
26
31
42
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.11
0.26
0.16
0.29
0.13
0.55
0.16
0.67
0.11
0.82
0.09
0.51
0.08
0.75
0.56
0.04
0.14
0.12
0.64
NOx
4.65
3.59
4.00
3.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.23
4.81
3.56
6.00
4.52
4.27
3.95
4.59
4.56
5.33
4.54
3.75
3.66
6.71
6.36
HC+NOx
6.52
5.31
4.92
4.93
5.21
4.77
3.85
4.17
3.31
7.02
6.89
6.82
5.68
6.39
6.37
4.35
3.76
3.86
4.50
3.38
4.11
4.11
3.13
4.21
3.57
4.35
4.36
5.36
3.72
6.67
4.63
5.09
4.04
5.10
4.64
6.08
5.10
3.79
3.80
6.83
7.00
1.41
4.64
3.80
3.84
CO
3.35
1.49
1.56
0.92
1.44
0.98
0.92
1.17
1.33
1.48
2.10
1.99
1.74
1.87
1.24
0.64
1.24
0.83
0.62
0.87
1.54
1.16
1.00
0.85
2.65
1.89
1.33
2.62
2.30
3.55
0.57
3.10
0.82
2.85
0.90
2.40
1.52
0.68
0.98
0.74
1.46
0.62
1.30
1.16
0.78
PM
0.42
0.50
0.54
0.34
0.38
0.25
0.19
0.26
0.15
0.24
0.34
0.44
0.21
0.16
0.12
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.20
0.27
0.50
0.35
0.34
0.37
0.43
0.45
0.54
0.47
0.58
0.42
0.31
0.37
0.46
0.50
0.40
0.29
0.48
0.33
0.50
0.30
0.31
0.26
0.28
0.36
0.24
HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.023474
0.067829
0.039356
0.087838
0.029817
0.102612
0.041678
0.10051
0.023758
0.1611
0.021308
0.1
0.017234
0.123355
0.109804
0.010554
0.036842
0.01757
0.091429
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0149
0.0030
0.0030
0.0030
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0417
0.1204
0.0459
0.0361
0.0002
0.0387
0.0051
0.0605
0.0566
0.0548
0.4172
0.0038
0.0459
0.0015
0.0042
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0116
0.0023
0.0023
0.0023
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0324
0.0935
0.0356
0.0280
0.0001
0.0301
0.0039
0.0470
0.0440
0.0426
0.3240
0.0029
0.0356
0.0012
0.0032
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0016
0.0013
0.0016
0.0011
0.0041
0.0016
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0350
0.0119
0.0110
0.0013
0.0024
0.0024
0.0001
0.0047
0.0033
0.0025
0.0006
0.0008
0.0156
0.0495
0.0204
0.0029
0.0009
0.0046
0.0132
0.0050
0.0039
0.0000
0.0042
0.0006
0.0066
0.0062
0.0060
0.0456
0.0004
0.0050
0.0002
0.0005
0.0326
0.0065
0.0195
0.0163
CO wgt
0.0016
0.0013
0.0016
0.0011
0.0041
0.0016
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0349
0.0119
0.0110
0.0013
0.0024
0.0024
0.0001
0.0047
0.0033
0.0025
0.0006
0.0008
0.0156
0.0495
0.0204
0.0029
0.0009
0.0046
0.0131
0.0050
0.0039
0.0000
0.0042
0.0006
0.0066
0.0062
0.0060
0.0456
0.0004
0.0050
0.0002
0.0005
0.0325
0.0065
0.0195
0.0163
PM wgt
0.0016
0.0013
0.0016
0.0011
0.0041
0.0016
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0349
0.0119
0.0110
0.0013
0.0024
0.0024
0.0001
0.0047
0.0033
0.0025
0.0006
0.0008
0.0156
0.0495
0.0204
0.0029
0.0009
0.0046
0.0131
0.0050
0.0039
0.0000
0.0042
0.0006
0.0066
0.0062
0.0060
0.0456
0.0004
0.0050
0.0002
0.0005
0.0325
0.0065
0.0195
0.0163
D51
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
25-50 hp
Rated HC
HP
26
44
33
41
31
31
38
37
49
38
48
35
40
40 0.18
38 0.26
26 0.29
25 0.59
33 0.23
36
35
31
41
42
30
42
39
45
49
43
35
44
34
49
47
43
30
26
28
25
30
25
33
41
29
37
25
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx
4.46
5.37
5.52
4.81
5.27
5.11
6.16
4.47
5.95
5.99
4.63
3.69 3.83
3.36 3.54
4.99 5.17
3.59 3.85
3.02 3.31
4.87 5.47
4.10 4.33
5.26 5.58
6.03
4.68
5.65
6.35
5.12
3.24
4.73
5.62
4.00
5.12
6.27
6.19
3.53 3.55
3.20 3.31
5.44 5.83
6.35
6.09
5.45
5.78
5.53
5.82
5.91
5.76
5.97
5.82
5.40
6.01
CO
0.95
1.10
1.71
0.75
0.74
0.80
1.66
0.80
1.93
1.58
0.93
1.40
0.95
0.94
0.93
1.33
1.88
0.74
1.87
2.07
1.10
2.45
1.01
1.98
0.94
1.01
1.30
0.64
1.98
2.35
1.09
1.22
1.29
1.86
2.33
1.99
2.00
3.61
2.91
2.93
3.45
2.74
1.35
2.82
1.73
3.03
PM
0.35
0.38
0.36
0.25
0.19
0.26
0.41
0.29
0.43
0.36
0.23
0.29
0.21
0.48
0.19
0.15
0.29
0.23
0.28
0.21
0.16
0.24
0.13
0.43
0.33
0.34
0.38
0.24
0.43
0.48
0.45
0.53
0.40
0.44
0.34
0.46
0.15
0.40
0.37
0.35
0.24
0.28
0.49
0.25
0.50
0.32
HC frac of HC wgt
HC+NOx*
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.034632 0.0136
0.068327 0.0006
0.088659 0.0012
0.108272 0.0143
0.054045 0.0104
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0231
0.0231
0.0105
0.0005
0.0009
0.0111
0.0081
0.0116
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0127
0.0694
0.0509
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0651
0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0326
0.0391
0.0260
0.1628
0.0003
0.0003
0.0020
0.0033
0.0033
0.0015
0.0001
0.0001
0.0016
0.0011
0.0016
0.0015
0.0015
0.0024
0.0020
0.0035
0.0003
0.0026
0.0009
0.0001
0.0001
0.0033
0.0015
0.0018
0.0098
0.0072
0.0006
0.0003
0.0280
0.0097
0.0137
0.0009
0.0018
0.0476
0.0009
0.0030
0.0009
0.0004
CO wgt
0.0651
0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0325
0.0390
0.0260
0.1627
0.0003
0.0003
0.0020
0.0033
0.0033
0.0015
0.0001
0.0001
0.0016
0.0011
0.0016
0.0015
0.0015
0.0024
0.0020
0.0035
0.0003
0.0026
0.0009
0.0001
0.0001
0.0033
0.0015
0.0018
0.0098
0.0072
0.0006
0.0003
0.0280
0.0097
0.0137
0.0009
0.0018
0.0476
0.0009
0.0030
0.0009
0.0004
PM wgt
0.0651
0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0325
0.0390
0.0260
0.1627
0.0003
0.0003
0.0020
0.0033
0.0033
0.0015
0.0001
0.0001
0.0016
0.0011
0.0016
0.0015
0.0015
0.0024
0.0020
0.0035
0.0003
0.0026
0.0009
0.0001
0.0001
0.0033
0.0015
0.0018
0.0098
0.0072
0.0006
0.0003
0.0280
0.0097
0.0137
0.0009
0.0018
0.0476
0.0009
0.0030
0.0009
0.0004
D52
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
25-50 hp
Rated
HP
37
25
30
45
38
48
34
46
41
48
27
39
30
50
Sales-
wgtEF
Sample
Size
Calc HC*
Calc
NOx*
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC NOx
0.17 4.01
4.85
0.4729 4.4696
17 47
25 35
0.317014
4.63588
7
HC+NOx
6.03
6.09
6.07
5.85
5.79
6.00
5.94
6.01
5.76
6.25
3.04
5.53
4.9529
01
103
CO
2.59
3.03
3.01
3.21
3.23
1.56
1.87
2.54
2.79
1.59
0.98
1.96
1.17
1.5320
28
104
PM HC frac of
HC+NOx*
0.35
0.20
0.38
0.45
0.39
0.44
0.34
0.20
0.33
0.28
0.40
0.26
0.26 0.040139
0.3292
22
104 0.064006
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0036
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0028
0.0325
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0272
0.0000
0.0110
0.0367
0.0017
0.0000
0.0689
0.0063
0.0030
0.0002
0.0021
0.0010
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0272
0.0000
0.0110
0.0367
0.0017
0.0000
0.0689
0.0062
0.0030
0.0002
0.0021
0.0010
0.0004
0.0000
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0272
0.0000
0.0110
0.0367
0.0017
0.0000
0.0689
0.0062
0.0030
0.0002
0.0021
0.0010
0.0004
0.0000
1.0000
* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC •*- (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.
Calculated HC = (avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D53
-------
50-100 hp
Rated HP
HC
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt
Data (cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt
wgt
PM wgt
67
79
96
80
67
75
80
56
75
98
62
57
55
59
84
59
78
81
74
59
82
65
58
87
83
65
84
79
94
94
94
51
56
78
51
60
52
50
52
51
54
51
55
64
0.48
0.75
0.70
0.72
0.62
0.70
0.71
0.89
0.48
0.33
0.17
1.44
0.69
0.60
0.39
0.43
6.40
5.74
5.81
7.61
6.35
5.68
5.78
5.83
5.68
6.30
6.23
6.20
5.80
6.56
5.74
8.82
5.36
6.35
5.90
5.90
5.44
5.80
6.39
6.39
6.56
6.20
6.79
6.32
6.09
6.09
6.09
5.38
4.98
6.22
4.86
4.06
4.59
3.43
5.22
5.79
4.15
6.68
6.16
5.62
4.32
1.96
2.28
3.26
1.63
2.28
1.68
3.55
1.92
2.33
1.51
1.73
1.18
3.90
1.45
3.04
0.98
2.17
0.56
0.34
0.46
0.51
0.41
0.49
0.21
0.84
0.35
0.38
0.45
0.38
0.36
0.63
0.28
0.60
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0621
0.0036
0.0888
0.0855
0.0339
0.0586
0.0004
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1563
0.0858
0.0154
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0107
0.0179
0.0100
0.0008
0.0134
0.0042
0.0016
0.0004
0.0002
0.0157
0.0009
0.0224
0.0216
0.0086
0.0148
0.0001
0.0008
0.0008
0.0008
0.0045
0.0478
0.0395
0.0217
0.0039
0.0040
0.0205
0.0661
0.0179
0.0002
0.0002
0.0024
0.0143
0.0000
0.0025
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0024
0.0011
0.0000
0.0022
0.0022
0.0163
0.0094
0.0027
0.0045
0.0025
0.0002
0.0034
0.0011
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0591
0.0034
0.0844
0.0813
0.0322
0.0557
0.0004
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1486
0.0816
0.0147
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0084
0.0084
0.0000
0.0000
0.0101
0.0170
0.0095
0.0008
0.0127
0.0040
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0608
0.0035
0.0869
0.0837
0.0332
0.0573
0.0004
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1530
0.0840
0.0151
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0104
0.0175
0.0098
0.0008
0.0131
0.0041
D54
-------
50-100 hp
Rated HP
HC
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt
Data (cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt
wgt
PM wgt
76
51
56
83
91
79
86
86
59
51
74
74
80
99
98
56
59
51
51
56
89
73
86
93
72
54
59
51
56
51
54
63
95
57
51
87
55
81
92
52
72
89
67
92
55
0.29
0.41
0.48
0.49
0.42
0.55
0.46
0.35
0.05
0.49
0.76
0.72
0.28
0.71
0.62
0.54
0.22
0.35
5.35
5.34
4.88
4.80
6.63
5.25
4.98
5.09
6.65
3.56
3.77
4.70
5.78
4.15
6.30
5.83
4.37
5.12
4.72
4.18
4.79
4.93
5.42
4.71
4.31
6.31
3.34
4.78
5.95
3.91
2.62
5.06
5.58
4.46
5.35
5.92
2.91
5.87
5.10
6.32
5.14
6.40
5.71
6.16
2.62
1.08
2.22
0.46
0.76
1.32
2.47
0.83
0.67
0.75
3.00
2.06
3.26
0.76
1.68
1.63
2.42
1.01
1.22
0.51
0.64
0.27
0.34
0.54
0.55
0.38
0.21
0.20
0.52
0.32
0.51
0.25
0.21
0.41
0.54
0.29
0.0092
0.0386
0.0048
0.0065
0.0172
0.0248
0.0012
0.0002
0.0000
0.0097
0.0008
0.0161
0.0018
0.0133
0.0040
0.0019
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0085
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0934
0.0638
0.0000
0.0023
0.0098
0.0012
0.0016
0.0043
0.0063
0.0003
0.0001
0.0333
0.0024
0.0002
0.0041
0.0004
0.0034
0.0010
0.0005
0.0367
0.0004
0.0004
0.0245
0.0020
0.0020
0.0082
0.0082
0.0151
0.0021
0.0002
0.0029
0.0029
0.0031
0.0039
0.0006
0.0002
0.0046
0.0042
0.0056
0.0013
0.0001
0.0002
0.0041
0.0008
0.0020
0.0236
0.0161
0.0010
0.0087
0.0367
0.0046
0.0061
0.0163
0.0236
0.0011
0.0002
0.0000
0.0092
0.0008
0.0153
0.0017
0.0127
0.0038
0.0018
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0081
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0888
0.0606
0.0000
0.0090
0.0378
0.0047
0.0063
0.0168
0.0243
0.0012
0.0002
0.0000
0.0095
0.0008
0.0158
0.0017
0.0130
0.0039
0.0018
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0914
0.0624
0.0000
D55
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
50-1 00 hp
Rated HP
85
59
64
79
55
52
64
60
96
68
52
68
80
80
59
89
94
50
74
82
60
58
59
75
58
54
67
80
56
58
60
70
57
95
100
50
65
79
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM
2.18
5.90
5.58
6.16
3.22
6.62
5.13
6.06
5.09
5.85
5.97
6.34
0.83 6.00 3.19 0.63
0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64
3.58
5.10
5.75
5.80 1.78 0.46
0.05 4.00 0.25 0.20
0.07 4.84 1.22 0.44
5.87 3.96 0.31
6.27 1.32 0.27
5.59 0.96 0.45
3.87
3.91
5.40
4.89
4.80
5.23
5.12
4.12
5.59
5.72
5.10
5.73
0.52 4.77 5.28 1.94 0.33
0.05 4.18 4.24 0.90
5.98 6.61 1.71 0.37
0.57586 5.60451 2.31437 0.50682
7 5 5.976957 2 4
40 127 3 47 43
Sales Weightings
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0043
0.0051
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0113
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0121
0.0040
0.0000
1.0000
NOxwgt HC+NOx
wgt
0.0011
0.0002
0.0102
0.0055
0.0090
0.0080
0.0037
0.0212
0.1081
0.0551
0.0347
0.0347
0.0011
0.0013
0.0025
0.0008
0.0002
0.0002
0.0000
0.0029
0.0004
0.0015
0.0003
0.0013
0.0017
0.0001
0.0135
0.0004
0.0015
0.0037
0.0032
0.0117
0.0002
0.0032
0.0144
0.0031 0.3000
0.0010 0.1000
0.0061 0.6000
1.0000 1.0000
CO wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0041
0.0048
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0008
0.0002
0.0107
0.0015
0.0058
0.0013
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0115
0.0038
0.0230
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0042
0.0050
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0009
0.0002
0.0111
0.0016
0.0059
0.0013
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0118
0.0000
0.0237
1.0000
D56
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY
100-1 75 hp
Rated HP
173
108
143
100
125
118
155
110
165
166
155
100
125
118
155
158
109
144
168
135
168
109
158
119
121
134
103
153
164
139
106
144
100
125
155
125
114
151
120
144
114
113
132
173
108
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.33
0.35
0.23
0.25
0.38
0.15
0.35
0.23
0.25
0.38
0.11
0.40
0.58
0.49
0.34
0.57
0.51
0.47
0.52
0.35
0.23
0.38
0.16
NOx
6.37
6.47
6.09
6.08
6.21
4.53
4.23
6.06
6.24
4.95
4.25
6.08
6.21
4.53
4.23
6.53
6.41
4.97
6.17
5.70
6.26
6.32
6.70
6.20
4.30
4.30
6.26
5.65
4.67
4.30
6.01
6.61
6.08
6.21
4.23
5.74
5.42
5.60
5.50
5.80
6.35
4.41
6.05
5.79
6.25
CO
0.78
0.70
0.47
0.54
0.75
1.91
0.70
0.47
0.54
0.75
0.63
1.75
0.53
0.63
1.23
1.00
1.58
0.49
1.06
1.25
0.70
0.47
0.75
0.43
PM
0.11
0.28
0.16
0.22
0.35
0.22
0.28
0.16
0.22
0.35
0.13
0.29
0.13
0.17
0.28
0.24
0.39
0.26
0.23
0.19
0.28
0.16
0.35
0.26
HCwgt
0.0003
0.0000
0.0000
0.0857
0.0057
0.0021
0.1029
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0072
0.1247
0.0623
0.0023
0.0935
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0007
0.2824
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0011
0.0050
0.0059
0.0078
0.0017
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0457
0.0114
0.0571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0407
ion Data
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
HCwgt
0.0003
0.0000
0.0000
0.0857
0.0057
0.0021
0.1029
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0072
0.1247
0.0623
0.0023
0.0935
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0007
0.2824
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0011
0.0050
0.0059
0.0078
0.0017
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0457
0.0114
0.0571
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0407
NOx wgt
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.0682
0.0045
0.0017
0.0819
0.0039
0.0303
0.0003
0.0057
0.0992
0.0496
0.0018
0.0744
0.0016
0.0016
0.0016
0.0006
0.2248
0.0105
0.0001
0.0072
0.0008
0.0009
0.0040
0.0047
0.0062
0.0014
0.0005
0.0426
0.0001
0.0364
0.0091
0.0455
0.0041
0.0002
0.0000
0.0009
0.0001
0.0113
0.0060
0.0041
0.0017
0.0324
CO wgt
0.0003
0.0000
0.0000
0.0856
0.0057
0.0021
0.1027
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0072
0.1244
0.0622
0.0023
0.0933
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0007
0.2819
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0010
0.0011
0.0050
0.0059
0.0078
0.0017
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0456
0.0114
0.0570
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0406
PM wgt
0.0003
0.0000
0.0000
0.0863
0.0058
0.0021
0.1035
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0072
0.1255
0.0627
0.0023
0.0941
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0007
0.2842
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0010
0.0011
0.0050
0.0059
0.0079
0.0017
0.0006
0.0000
0.0000
0.0460
0.0115
0.0575
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0410
D57
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data
100-1 75 hp
Rated HP
116
168
118
120
103
172
115
152
103
135
130
100
114
127
117
172
173
122
122
100
142
138
161
116
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.57
0.42
0.13
0.53
0.45
0.63
0.57
0.54
0.07
0.07
0.23
0.355107
34
NOx
6.43
5.85
6.30
5.55
6.19
5.31
5.77
5.82
5.30
6.68
6.61
5.50
6.39
5.38
6.23
6.23
6.57
3.93
5.75
6.27
5.92
6.68
5.96
5.82
5.574714
69
CO
1.45
0.76
0.45
1.24
0.92
1.21
1.35
1.83
0.42
1.06
0.87
1.33
0.83
1.003922
37
PM
0.33
0.27
0.17
0.51
0.24
0.36
0.47
0.42
0.14
0.34
0.33
0.23
0.289340
36
HCwgt
0.0050
0.0199
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0094
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0004
0.0007
0.0015
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0001
0.0049
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0082
0.0000
1.0000
(cont.)
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0040
0.0159
0.0005
0.0178
0.0055
0.0074
0.0041
0.0372
0.0008
0.0003
0.0006
0.0012
0.0025
0.0008
0.0008
0.0025
0.0008
0.0001
0.0039
0.0005
0.0008
0.0019
0.0065
0.0005
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0050
0.0199
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0093
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0004
0.0007
0.0015
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0001
0.0049
0.0006
0.0010
0.0000
0.0082
0.0000
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0051
0.0200
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0094
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0004
0.0007
0.0015
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0010
0.0001
0.0050
0.0006
0.0010
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
D58
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
272
257
200
240
240
215
260
240
280
210
275
205
255
290
205
190
240
200
189
215
260
240
280
240
200
296
255
261
248
275
220
234
196
199
294
285
216
285
237
189
194
288
186
249
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.32
0.43
0.26
0.10
0.07
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.20
0.11
0.19
0.08
0.09
0.39
0.55
0.10
0.26
0.33
0.32
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.07
0.25
0.31
0.36
0.47
0.34
0.14
0.20
0.19
0.28
0.27
0.38
0.46
0.59
0.47
0.78
0.43
0.31
0.62
0.34
0.48
NOx
6.24
6.43
5.13
5.06
4.06
5.51
5.82
5.38
5.47
5.89
4.56
5.96
6.20
5.46
5.95
5.64
5.06
5.13
3.95
5.51
5.82
5.38
5.47
4.06
5.43
6.41
6.45
6.06
5.31
5.38
5.87
5.45
5.44
5.70
5.99
6.51
6.20
4.59
6.32
6.65
6.28
6.62
6.28
6.37
HC+NOx CO
0.62
0.76
0.60
0.38
0.50
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.52
1.49
1.26
1.73
0.96
2.19
1.19
1.44
0.38
0.60
0.54
0.55
0.70
0.49
0.52
0.50
1.23
0.96
0.72
0.89
1.04
0.48
0.72
0.62
0.65
1.05
0.95
1.19
1.55
0.73
1.30
1.04
0.81
1.69
0.69
1.08
PM
0.10
0.20
0.22
0.15
0.16
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.33
0.26
0.25
0.29
0.35
0.31
0.32
0.15
0.22
0.20
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.16
0.35
0.25
0.24
0.27
0.35
0.14
0.27
0.25
0.28
0.32
0.23
0.22
0.28
0.26
0.38
0.34
0.17
0.36
0.23
0.24
HCwgt
0.0003
0.0002
0.0045
0.0023
0.0023
0.0038
0.0015
0.0064
0.0151
0.0092
0.0002
0.0024
0.0143
0.0016
0.0008
0.0227
0.0038
0.0753
0.0015
0.0376
0.0205
0.0753
0.0075
0.0038
0.0013
0.0013
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0008
0.0042
0.0097
0.4205
0.0147
0.0640
0.0164
0.0458
0.0287
0.0000
0.0014
0.0083
0.0005
0.0004
0.0001
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0003
0.0002
0.0045
0.0023
0.0023
0.0038
0.0015
0.0064
0.0151
0.0092
0.0002
0.0024
0.0143
0.0016
0.0008
0.0227
0.0038
0.0753
0.0015
0.0376
0.0205
0.0753
0.0075
0.0038
0.0013
0.0013
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0008
0.0042
0.0097
0.4205
0.0147
0.0640
0.0164
0.0458
0.0287
0.0000
0.0014
0.0083
0.0005
0.0004
0.0001
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CO wgt
0.0003
0.0002
0.0045
0.0022
0.0022
0.0037
0.0015
0.0063
0.0149
0.0091
0.0002
0.0024
0.0141
0.0016
0.0007
0.0225
0.0037
0.0745
0.0015
0.0372
0.0203
0.0745
0.0074
0.0037
0.0013
0.0013
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0008
0.0041
0.0096
0.4161
0.0146
0.0633
0.0163
0.0453
0.0284
0.0000
0.0014
0.0083
0.0005
0.0004
0.0001
PM wgt
0.0003
0.0002
0.0045
0.0022
0.0022
0.0037
0.0015
0.0063
0.0149
0.0091
0.0002
0.0024
0.0141
0.0016
0.0007
0.0225
0.0037
0.0745
0.0015
0.0372
0.0203
0.0745
0.0074
0.0037
0.0013
0.0013
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0008
0.0041
0.0096
0.4161
0.0146
0.0633
0.0163
0.0453
0.0284
0.0000
0.0014
0.0083
0.0005
0.0004
0.0001
D59
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
1 75-300 hp
Rated HP
243
210
250
215
197
241
241
227
193
200
189
215
240
280
189
252
283
262
244
285
215
197
251
184
280
298
212
286
208
202
190
177
182
207
217
244
272
255
279
275
185
245
295
268
Sales-wgt
HC
0.40
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.33
0.21
0.41
0.51
0.60
0.26
0.33
0.32
0.29
0.47
0.31
0.22
0.14
0.17
0.39
0.06
0.04
0.33
0.23
0.30
0.19
0.37
0.29
0.22
0.15
0.28
0.66
0.34
0.42
0.44
0.36
0.19
0.35
0.25
0.11
0.54
0.22
0.30
0.31476
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
NOx HC+NOx CO
5.88
5.16
5.29
6.30
4.42
4.14
6.44
6.72
6.69
5.13
3.95
5.51
5.38
5.47
5.40
6.23
4.25
5.84
6.24
5.93
4.10
5.07
5.59
6.70
5.68
6.32
6.41
5.35
4.28
6.00
6.08
6.20
6.43
6.59
5.49
6.30
6.44
5.89
4.18
4.02 4.13
4.19 4.73
4.55
4.08 4.29
4.00 4.47
5.50654 4.203295
1.67
0.90
0.44
0.50
0.71
0.67
1.11
1.07
0.85
0.60
0.54
0.55
0.49
0.52
0.92
0.30
0.43
0.57
0.74
0.60
0.51
0.76
0.42
0.61
0.51
1.16
0.40
1.24
0.52
1.05
1.56
0.89
0.87
1.15
1.00
1.66
1.09
0.40
0.73
0.80
0.93
0.45
0.60
0.66
0.74463
PM
0.37
0.11
0.05
0.07
0.20
0.17
0.34
0.33
0.28
0.22
0.20
0.32
0.27
0.23
0.21
0.23
0.17
0.21
0.18
0.09
0.16
0.18
0.11
0.18
0.18
0.30
0.14
0.37
0.26
0.33
0.40
0.28
0.29
0.36
0.22
0.37
0.22
0.13
0.20
0.16
0.20
0.15
0.13
0.19
0.26662
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0021
0.0001
0.0005
0.0002
0.0002
0.0006
0.0009
0.0004
0.0075
0.0015
0.0075
0.0045
0.0008
0.0001
0.0030
0.0011
0.0002
0.0004
0.0003
0.0034
0.0021
0.0039
0.0010
0.0020
0.0011
0.0014
0.0083
0.0051
0.0003
0.0002
0.0010
0.0003
0.0003
0.0007
0.0014
0.0014
0.0026
0.0000
0.0002
0.0002
0.0000
0.0003
0.0000
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOxwgt HC+NOx COwgt
0.0000
0.0021
0.0001
0.0005
0.0002
0.0002
0.0006
0.0009
0.0004
0.0075
0.0015
0.0075
0.0045
0.0008
0.0001
0.0030
0.0011
0.0002
0.0004
0.0003
0.0034
0.0021
0.0039
0.0010
0.0020
0.0011
0.0014
0.0083
0.0051
0.0003
0.0002
0.0010
0.0003
0.0003
0.0007
0.0014
0.0014
0.0026
0.0000
0.0002
0.0002
0.0000
0.0003
0.0000
1.0000
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.8977
0.0209
0.0132
0.0359
0.0299
0.0024
1.0000
0.0000
0.0020
0.0001
0.0005
0.0001
0.0001
0.0006
0.0009
0.0004
0.0074
0.0015
0.0074
0.0045
0.0008
0.0001
0.0029
0.0011
0.0002
0.0004
0.0003
0.0034
0.0021
0.0039
0.0010
0.0019
0.0011
0.0014
0.0082
0.0050
0.0003
0.0002
0.0010
0.0003
0.0003
0.0007
0.0014
0.0014
0.0026
0.0102
0.0002
0.0001
0.0004
0.0003
0.0000
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0000
0.0020
0.0001
0.0005
0.0001
0.0001
0.0006
0.0009
0.0004
0.0074
0.0015
0.0074
0.0045
0.0008
0.0001
0.0029
0.0011
0.0002
0.0004
0.0003
0.0034
0.0021
0.0039
0.0010
0.0019
0.0011
0.0014
0.0082
0.0050
0.0003
0.0002
0.0010
0.0003
0.0003
0.0007
0.0014
0.0014
0.0026
0.0102
0.0002
0.0001
0.0004
0.0003
0.0000
1.0000
D60
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings
Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOxwgt HC+NOx COwgt PM wgt
wgt
EF 5 5 32
Sample
Size 86 86 6 88 88
D61
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) (Tier 2 for this hp category)
300-600 hp
Rated HP
325
439
515
593
475
325
449
422
322
333
300
350
500
500
300
317
321
483
360
326
456
481
322
410
508
572
503
571
475
595
367
493
493
324
375
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.10
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.06
0.39
0.17
0.16
0.12
0.50
0.15
0.10
0.22
0.25
0.1669
24
14
NOx
3.80
4.09
4.37
4.38
4.02
4.19
4.22
4.23
4.47
4.04
4.37
4.44
4.30
4.29
4.3351
13
14
HC+NOx
4.56
3.75
3.58
4.08
4.14
4.56
3.91
4.24
4.50
4.53
4.53
4.71
4.75
4.61
4.08
4.58
4.39
4.39
4.59
4.54
4.52
4.53
4.34
4.40
4.20
4.53
4.50
4.29
4.38
4.20
4.55
4.49
4.49
4.53
4.54
4.34534
8
35
CO
1.52
1.19
1.14
0.58
0.99
1.52
0.37
0.35
0.44
0.53
0.82
0.77
1.30
0.48
0.59
0.80
0.52
0.46
0.63
0.43
0.57
0.43
0.65
0.30
0.30
0.86
0.93
0.48
0.46
0.63
0.45
0.71
0.71
0.47
0.48
0.8424
60
35
PM
0.17
0.16
0.17
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.09
0.14
0.10
0.08
0.15
0.11
0.12
0.19
0.15
0.14
0.11
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.08
0.08
0.1315
81
35
HCwgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0036
0.0279
0.0110
0.6951
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0239
0.0150
0.0389
0.0235
0.0030
0.0022
0.0070
0.0036
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0100
0.1354
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0036
0.0279
0.0110
0.6951
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0239
0.0150
0.0389
0.0235
0.0030
0.0022
0.0070
0.0036
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0100
0.1354
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0516
0.0589
0.0521
0.2080
0.0460
0.0516
0.0011
0.0082
0.0032
0.2042
0.0038
0.0038
0.1467
0.0258
0.0070
0.0044
0.0114
0.0069
0.0009
0.0006
0.0021
0.0011
0.0066
0.0264
0.0016
0.0019
0.0064
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0006
0.0006
0.0029
0.0398
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0516
0.0589
0.0521
0.2080
0.0460
0.0516
0.0011
0.0082
0.0032
0.2042
0.0038
0.0038
0.1467
0.0258
0.0070
0.0044
0.0114
0.0069
0.0009
0.0006
0.0021
0.0011
0.0066
0.0264
0.0016
0.0019
0.0064
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0006
0.0006
0.0029
0.0398
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0516
0.0589
0.0521
0.2080
0.0460
0.0516
0.0011
0.0082
0.0032
0.2042
0.0038
0.0038
0.1467
0.0258
0.0070
0.0044
0.0114
0.0069
0.0009
0.0006
0.0021
0.0011
0.0066
0.0264
0.0016
0.0019
0.0064
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0006
0.0006
0.0029
0.0398
1.0000
D62
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
600-750 hp
Rated HP
660
742
654
730
740
670
710
641
740
684
671
747
680
601
750
750
630
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.25
0.27
0.19
0.24
0.19
0.48
0.22
0.13
0.07
0.13
0.12
0.13806
5
16
NOx
6.24
6.27
6.21
5.04
5.53
6.53
6.63
5.98
5.85
5.98
6.63
4.50
4.19
5.84
5.89
3.87
5.61241
8
16
HC+NOx CO
0.83
0.52
1.58
0.99
1.62
1.27
2.31
1.05
1.37
0.68
0.52
0.76
3.89 0.33
4.32 0.22
0.90
1.06
3.99 0.87
0.88330
3.975047 5
3 17
PM
0.14
0.10
0.25
0.19
0.33
0.36
0.30
0.23
0.28
0.22
0.16
0.09
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.13
0.18
0.18377
3
17
HCwgt
0.0276
0.0408
0.1192
0.1159
0.0850
0.0795
0.0552
0.0353
0.0839
0.0055
0.0221
0.0055
0.0000
0.1049
0.0121
0.1413
0.0662
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0276
0.0408
0.1192
0.1159
0.0850
0.0795
0.0552
0.0353
0.0839
0.0055
0.0221
0.0055
0.0000
0.1049
0.0121
0.1413
0.0662
1.0000
HC+NOx
wgt
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.7192
0.1721
0.0000
0.0000
0.1087
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0192
0.0284
0.0829
0.0806
0.0591
0.0553
0.0384
0.0246
0.0583
0.0038
0.0153
0.0038
0.3047
0.0729
0.0084
0.0982
0.0460
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0192
0.0284
0.0829
0.0806
0.0591
0.0553
0.0384
0.0246
0.0583
0.0038
0.0153
0.0038
0.3047
0.0729
0.0084
0.0982
0.0460
1.0000
D63
-------
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)
>750 hp
Rated HP
758
891
1850
2250
755
1200
2000
1110
1500
1200
899
1230
811
1874
878
1207
1026
2346
Sales-wgt
EF
Sample
Size
Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)
HC
0.07
0.05
0.16
0.16
0.35
0.17
0.31
0.23
0.54
0.17
0.21
0.12
0.27
0.38
0.34
0.23
0.26
0.40
0.313093
18
NOx
5.26
6.22
5.89
6.43
5.80
5.17
5.91
6.03
6.24
5.17
6.02
6.03
6.24
6.15
5.96
5.45
5.07
6.04
6.052394
18
CO
1.07
0.73
1.09
1.28
1.48
0.34
1.49
0.55
0.87
0.34
0.53
0.67
1.05
1.36
0.89
1.26
0.70
1.39
0.800887
18
PM
0.16
0.14
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.16
0.25
0.14
0.27
0.16
0.15
0.26
0.21
0.15
0.14
0.24
0.18
0.26
0.203589
18
HCwgt
0.0052
0.0152
0.0654
0.0395
0.0599
0.0033
0.0228
0.4402
0.2677
0.0228
0.0088
0.0046
0.0152
0.0024
0.0152
0.0030
0.0009
0.0076
1.0000
Sales Weightings
NOx wgt
0.0052
0.0152
0.0654
0.0395
0.0599
0.0033
0.0228
0.4402
0.2677
0.0228
0.0088
0.0046
0.0152
0.0024
0.0152
0.0030
0.0009
0.0076
1.0000
CO wgt
0.0052
0.0152
0.0654
0.0395
0.0599
0.0033
0.0228
0.4402
0.2677
0.0228
0.0088
0.0046
0.0152
0.0024
0.0152
0.0030
0.0009
0.0076
1.0000
PM wgt
0.0052
0.0152
0.0654
0.0395
0.0599
0.0033
0.0228
0.4402
0.2677
0.0228
0.0088
0.0046
0.0152
0.0024
0.0152
0.0030
0.0009
0.0076
1.0000
D64
-------
Appendix E
Derivation of Highway-Certification Compliance Margins and Application to Nonroad
Compression Ignition Engines
Here below, we describe the derivation of the highway-certification compliance margins
(HCCMs) in greater detail. The highway certification results used for this purpose in derivation
of Tier 2/3 emission factors (option 4) are summarized in a report updating emission levels for
heavy-duty highway diesel engines for use in MOBILE6 (1). The report presents results for
light, medium, and heavy vehicle classes in model years 1988-1989 and 1991-1994. For this
analysis, we supplemented these certification data with more recent highway certification data
from model years 1997-2001.
We used the highway certification results to calculate compliance margins (HCCM) for
some highway engines for MY 1988-2001. The procedure followed several steps (refer to Table
El):
(1) We assigned highway model-year groups, (e.g., 1991-93) to each nonroad horsepower
category (e.g., 50-100 hp). These assignments vary for each pollutant and individual
horsepower category. The assignments attempt to associate similar highway and nonroad
engine technologies. We averaged results for multiple years within a model-year group.
(2) We assigned nonroad engines less than 50 horsepower to the light heavy-duty diesel
vehicle weight class (LHDD), engines in the range of 50-250 hp to the medium heavy-
duty diesel vehicle weight class (MHDD), and engines greater than 250 hp to the heavy
heavy-duty diesel vehicle weight class (HHDD). Within a model-year group, these
assignments identified subsets of certification data to represent specific nonroad
horsepower categories. Correspondence between highway weight class (light-duty,
medium-duty, heavy-duty) and nonroad horsepower categories follows relationships
established by the California Air Resources Board (CARS 2000).
(3) We used the highway certification data described above and assigned to the appropriate
nonroad horsepower categories to calculate compliance margins for highway engines at
certification:
HCCMl} = •
HS-AHC
where HCCM!y, HS!;7 and AHC!7 are the highway-certification
compliance margin, highway standard and average certification
emissions level, respectively, for pollutant /', and horsepower category
j (e.g., NOX, 50-100 hp).
While we calculated the highway-certification compliance margins for all pollutants and
El
-------
horsepower categories, note that Table El presents results only for NOX and PM. We do not
present compliance margins for HC and CO because the margins were higher than 80 percent.
As a result, we did not use them to estimate HC and CO Tier 2/3 emission factors.
References
(1) EPA, "Update of Heavy-Duty Emission Levels (Model Years 1988-2004+) for Use in
MOBILE6," EPA420-R-99-010, April 1999.
E2
-------
Table El. Highway-Certification Compliance Margins by Horsepower Category
Nonroad Engine
» (hp)
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
Highway Model-
YG)
1991-93
1991-93
1991-93
1991-93
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1991-93
1991-93
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
Corresponding Heavy-Duty Highway Vehicle Weight Class
HS), Certification Test Results (AHC) and Compliance Margins
(HCCM)
VWC1
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HS
(g/hp-hr)
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.25
0.25
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
NOX
AHC2
(g/hp-hr)
4.28
4.28
4.28
4.54
3.78
3.58
3.92
3.84
3.84
PM
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.20
0.20
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
HCCM
(% HS)
14
14
14
9.0
5.5
10.5
2.0
4.0
4.0
27
27
27
20
20
20
20
20
20
1 LHDD = "light heavy-duty diesel," MHDD = "medium heavy-duty diesel," and HHDD = "heavy heavy-duty diesel.'
2 Source: USEPA (1999), forNOx, Table 10 or MY 1997-2001 highway certification data; forPM, Table 11 or MY
1997-2001highway certification data.
E3
-------
Appendix F
Derivation of Transient Adjustment Factors (TAFs) for
Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines
Nonroad engines often operate under conditions unlike that of the steady-state
ISO-C1 testing procedure typically used in emissions testing. This alternate operation
can cause a change in the emission characteristics of nonroad compression ignition (CI)
engines. As in NEVES, the NONROAD model accounts for in-use (transient) operation
in CI engines by applying an adjustment to emission factors generated using the ISO-C1
(8-mode) steady-state tests. Unlike NEVES, the NONROAD model uses transient
adjustment factors derived from emission testing designed to represent operational
behavior of nonroad equipment. Note that the transient adjustments are not applied by
the NONROAD model, but are applied by EPA during the creation of the NONROAD
emission factor input files.
TAFs are applied to the Base, Tier 0, Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 emission factors.
Since transient emission control is expected to be an integral part of all Tier 4 engine
design considerations, TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines
(i.e., the model applies a TAP of 1.0).
Development of Transient Adjustment Factors
In NEVES, EPA adjusted the ISO-C1-derived emission factor data available at
the time to account for in-use operation by applying a set of multipliers. These factors
were derived from a comparison of only a few engines tested with both the ISO-C1 test
procedure and the highway Federal Test Procedure (FTP). (1) These factors shown in
Table Fl were applied in NEVES only to engines used in applications judged to be
sufficiently transient in nature.
Table Fl. NEVES Test Cycle Adjustment from ISO-C1 Emission Factors
NEVES
Adjustment
HC
1.4
CO
2.0
NOX
1
PM
1.6
NONROAD's steady-state emission factors for pre-1988 CI engines of greater
than 50 hp are based on the emission factors used in the NEVES. As a result, the NEVES
in-use adjustments were removed to determine pre-1988 average steady-state emissions
for these engines. The TAFs described below are then applied consistently to all the
steady-state emission factors in NONROAD, including the NEVES-derived steady-state
emission factors.
Since it was recognized that the highway test procedure may not simulate engine
Fl
-------
behavior when used in nonroad applications, a joint EMAVEPA project was initiated to
develop more realistic test cycles for nonroad engine emissions characterization. The
project developed cycles to represent typical operation of an agricultural tractor, a
crawler dozer, and a backhoeMoader. The cycles were developed from data acquired
from instrumenting one piece of each type of equipment. This data was used to construct
appropriate test cycles from statistical criteria developed by EMA and EPA. Southwest
Research Institute (SwRI) then tested nine late-model nonroad engines using the steady-
state ISO-C1 certification procedure and the three nonroad test cycles. (2) Later testing
at SwRI involved three additional engines and four additional cycles (rubber-tire loader,
skid-steer loader, arc welder, and excavator cycles). (3) A summary of the cycle specific
emission results for each engine is given in Table F2.
For each pollutant and test cycle, we calculate the TAP as the ratio of the transient
emission factor (EF trans) to the corresponding steady-state (ISO-C1) emission factor
FF
TAF = ^
Transient adjustment factors may be greater than or less than 1.0.
Using the emission data in Table F2, TAFs were calculated for each engine,
pollutant, and test cycle. The resulting TAFs for each engine are provided in Table F3.
The TAFs for each engine were then averaged to obtain composite TAFs for each of the
seven test cycles. These are also shown in Table F3 along with the standard deviations.
TAFs for Tier 0 and Tier 1 engines were combined, since they were not statistically
different, based on P values obtained from performing the Student's ^-Test.
For this version of NONROAD, the seven average cycle TAFs were further
binned into two categories, Hi LF and Lo LF, based on the cycle load factors. We
thought this approach would be more defensible, given the limited data available. This
approach is also consistent with that used to develop the new load factors in the model.
Table F4 shows how the cycle TAFs were binned. When reviewing the cycle load
factors, two bins emerged. A high load factor bin consisted of the following cycles:
agricultural tractor (LF=0.78), crawler dozer (LF=0.58), rubber-tire loader (LF=0.48),
and excavator (LF=0.53). A low load factor bin consisted of the remaining cycles:
backhoe/loader (LF=0.21), skid-steer loader (LF=0.23), and arc welder (LF=0.19). The
TAFs for the high load factor cycles were averaged to obtain a composite Hi LF TAF.
Similarly, the TAFs for the low load factor cycles were averaged to obtain a composite
Lo LF TAF. As a result, the cycle TAFs were replaced by either a Hi LF TAF or a Lo LF
TAF, depending on the cycle assignment.
Table F5 presents the CI TAFs used in NONROAD. The TAFs are carried over
F2
-------
from Table F4 with the exception of the Tier 3 TAFs for NOX and PM. The rationale for
the NOX and PM Tier 3 TAFs is described in detail below.
Transient Emission Control and Implications for Tier 3 N(X and PM TAFs
The nonroad engine test cycle (for pre-Tier 4 engines) is a weighted 8 mode
steady-state emission cycle without a transient test element. This is in contrast to on-
highway diesel regulations which are set based on average emissions over a 20 minute
transient test and a separate steady-state test. The absence of a transient test allows some
additional control flexibilities for nonroad engines not available, or available at a
diminished level, for on-highway diesel engines. The nonroad engine standards are
therefore inherently less restrictive than otherwise equivalent on-highway emission
standards, as explained in the following paragraphs.
Transient PM emission control is realized for on-highway diesel engines by
limiting fuel injection quantities dependent upon the oxygen content available (the air to
fuel ratio, A/F) to burn the fuel. When an on-highway diesel engine transitions from a
low load steady-state condition to a higher load it does so by increasing the fuel injection
rate and the air induction rate through increases in the intake manifold pressure (i.e.
higher boost from the turbocharger) in order to maintain an A/F ratio with acceptable PM
emissions. While the fueling rate can be changed almost instantaneously on a diesel
engine, it takes a longer amount of time for the turbocharger to increase the air flow due
to the inertial lag of the turbocharger and the mass of air. During the transient period
when the turbocharger is gradually increasing the air flow, the engine control system
limits the addition of fuel in order to prevent excess PM emissions. It is only after the air
flow has increased to the proper amount, that the engine control system allows the fueling
rate to rise to the level needed to deliver the desired engine torque. This control approach
limits transient PM emissions so that the engine will pass the highway transient test.
Absent a transient PM emissions test, the engine controller could immediately increase
the fueling rate, providing rapid attainment of the desired torque level, but this would also
dramatically increase PM emissions. The increase in PM emissions under transient
conditions due to the lack of oxygen (low A/F) is exacerbated by the use of exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR) to limit NOX emissions. This is because the recirculated gases have a
lower oxygen content (the very reason they help to lower NOX emissions). In order to
maintain effective PM emission control with EGR, turbocharger boost levels are
increased (more low oxygen content air is forced in to the engine in order to give a total
oxygen content similar to without EGR). Because of the higher boost pressure required,
transient PM control might be expected to be worse for EGR equipped engines. For
highway diesel engines which must meet a transient PM emission standard, these issues
are addressed with sophisticated control systems and with the use of advanced
turbocharger systems (i.e., variable geometry turbochargers). Absent a transient test
procedure, these advanced systems would not necessarily be used.
F3
-------
Similarly, NOX control for on-highway diesel engines equipped with EGR
systems are significantly constrained by the transient emission test procedure. When
undergoing a transient event as described in the previous example, an EGR emission
control system for on-highway engines would briefly turn off EGR in order to increase
the fresh air flow to the system in order to limit PM emissions and increase engine torque
response. The control system must, however, restore the EGR relatively quickly in order
to control NOX emissions under the highway transient test procedure. Failure to do so
would lead to higher NOX emissions. Absent a transient NOX standard, the EGR system
could be turned off for a long period under transient operation, leading to substantially
higher NOX emissions than what would be expected based upon a steady state emission
test level alone. The extent of this increase in NOX emissions is dependent upon the
degree of transient operation (the relative change in engine load). To the extent that load
transient are less severe or not extended, the differences in the resulting NOX emissions
would be less evident.
The lack of a transient emission test procedure for pre-Tier 4 nonroad engines is a
concern to the Agency, because we know that PM emissions realized in use can be
significantly higher than the steady-state emission level set by the PM standards.
Similarly, we have concerns that NOX emissions under transient conditions may be higher
than indicated by the steady state emissions test and the associated standards. We are
therefore working to develop a more comprehensive set of emission test requirements for
nonroad engines to include a transient test element. In the absence of such a test
procedure for Tier 3 engines, we believe that it is prudent to try to characterize these in-
use emissions by increasing the TAFs applied for NOX and PM emissions for Tier 3
engines from the level estimated for Tier 2 engines. Since Tier 3 engines are not
available to provide test data to establish the level of adjustment required, we have
applied engineering judgement to estimate the level of increase in emissions. For PM we
have estimated that the TAP will increase by 20 percent due to the lack of a transient test
and the inherent reduction in average A/F ratio values due to the use of EGR. Given the
highly transient nature of some nonroad diesel engine applications the actual level of
increase could be even higher. In the absence of more definitive data we believe that a 20
percent increase in the TAP is appropriate. We intend to investigate this issue further
when Tier 3 engines become available for testing. We also believe that the NOX TAF
should be adjusted in a similar manner. For NOX we believe that a 10 percent increase in
the TAF is appropriate given the characteristics of EGR systems as we understand them
today. We believe that nonroad engine manufacturers will choose to modulate EGR rates
during high load change transient operation in order to limit PM emissions increases.
This will lead to an increase in NOX emission for the period that the EGR rate is
modulated below the steady-state level. For example, a 10 percent increase in NOX
emissions could correspond to an EGR rate of zero for 10 percent of the time (a duty
cycle of 90 percent moderate transient and steady-state operation and 10 percent highly
transient operation) assuming that NOX emissions double when the EGR flow is zero.
For some applications with extreme transient operations it is conceivable that the increase
F4
-------
in emission could be even higher. As with PM, we intend to investigate the actual level
of NOX emissions when Tier 3 engines become available.
Applying In-use Adjustment Factors
To apply the in-use adjustment factors listed in Table F5 to the entire CI
equipment population, EPA matched nonroad applications with the test cycle that most
closely represents the nonroad activity for the application. Table F6 lists the nonroad
applications used in the NONROAD model and the in-use adjustment most representative
of that application. If steady-state operation is typical of an application no adjustment
was made, and the cycle adjustment is listed as 'none'.
Table A3 presents the resulting TAFs assigned to each equipment application.
The steady-state emission factors given in Table A2 were then multiplied by the
appropriate in-use adjustment factor to create NONROAD's emission factor inputs for CI
engines.
Comparison with Previous Draft Versions of NONROAD
Table F7 presents a comparison of TAF methodologies used in the various draft
versions of NONROAD.
References
(1) EPA, "Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study" (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office
of Air and Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991
(2) Fritz, S. G. and M.E. Starr, "Emission Factors for Compression Ignition Nonroad
Engines Operated on Number 2 Highway and Nonroad Diesel Fuel," Southwest Research
Institute. EPA contract # 68-C5-0077, SwRI 08-7601-822, March 1998.
(3) Starr, M.E., "Nonroad Engine Emissions Testing," Southwest Research Institute.
EPA contract # 68-C5-0076 and 68-C-98-169, September 1999.
F5
-------
Table F2. CI Engine Emissions Data Used to Calculate Transient Adjustment Factors
Engine
(reference)
Caterpillar 3 116 (2)
Caterpillar 3054 (2)
John Deere 4039(2)
John Deere 7076(2)
Consolidated Diesel
6TA-830 (2)
John Deere 66 19 (2)
Consolidated Diesel
4039 (2)
Caterpillar 3306 (2)
John Deere 6 10 1(2)
John Deere 6 101 (same
engine) retested (3)
John Deere 6101 (same
Tier
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Test Cycle
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
1SO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Tractor
1SO-C1 8-mode
HC
(g/hp-hr)
0.07
0.04
0.36
0.09
0.66
0.46
1.22
0.51
0.41
0.2
1
0.33
0.53
0.54
1.13
0.52
0.86
0.9
2.08
0.83
0.82
0.87
1.99
0.8
1.32
0.86
2.89
1.22
1.27
1.33
2.3
1.16
0.47
0.50
1.07
0.51
0.50
0.46
0.93
0.47
0.46
CO
(g/hp-hr)
2.51
0.75
7.47
7.3
1
0.47
3.34
1.06
2.17
0.56
2.62
1.42
2.05
0.57
4.82
2.22
1.5
1.07
9.86
3.76
4.69
1.16
6.89
3.31
3.37
2.5
3.31
2.1
1.46
0.82
5.14
2.7
0.86
0.32
1.92
1.17
1.17
0.44
1.90
1.14
0.95
NOX
(g/hp-hr)
9.38
9.4
9.46
8.7
7.53
9.46
5.45
8.28
11.22
11.7
9.57
11.7
10.22
9.45
14.35
10.14
6.53
5.62
6.69
6.06
7.29
6.77
8.29
7.01
7.57
7.28
6.52
7.4
6.52
6.46
7.22
6.54
5.55
4.93
6.36
5.25
5.73
5.16
6.04
5.50
5.75
PM
(g/hp-hr)
0.406
0.28
0.652
0.713
0.387
0.263
0.759
0.384
0.384
0.173
0.447
0.254
0.25
0.168
0.522
0.303
0.397
0.304
1.698
0.805
0.662
0.283
1.102
0.698
0.581
0.43
0.725
0.413
0.248
0.201
0.813
0.436
0.186
0.125
0.430
0.246
0.219
0.130
0.430
0.250
0.19
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.352
0.357
0.411
0.362
0.393
0.377
0.446
0.372
0.389
0.361
0.471
0.372
0.385
0.366
0.493
0.37
0.365
0.377
0.438
0.37
0.397
0.4
0.466
0.398
0.389
0.367
0.436
0.364
0.373
0.372
0.415
0.37
0.350
0.362
0.434
0.362
0.363
0.355
0.419
0.357
F6
-------
Table F2. CI Engine Emissions Data Used to Calculate Transient Adjustment Factors
Engine
(reference)
John Deere 6 101
(average of three tests)
Caterpillar 3 176 (3)
MX270 (3)
MX240 (3)
Tier
1
1
1
1
Test Cycle
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Excavator
ISO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Excavator
ISO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
ISO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Tractor
Typ Rubber-Tire
Typ Skid-Steer
Typ Arc Welder
ISO-C1 8-mode
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Tractor
Typ Rubber-Tire
Typ Skid-Steer
Typ Arc Welder
HC
(g/hp-hr)
0.39
0.68
0.37
0.67
0.48
0.45
0.89
0.45
0.67
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.06
0.11
0.06
0.09
0.04
0.07
0.09
0.20
0.06
0.05
0.12
0.05
0.09
0.13
0.27
CO
(g/hp-hr)
0.39
1.58
1.33
0.40
0.99
0.38
1.80
1.21
0.40
1.78
1.47
4.12
2.67
0.40
0.30
1.30
0.78
1.32
0.68
1.28
0.51
0.26
1.06
1.04
2.07
1.00
1.65
NOX
(g/hp-hr)
5.24
6.09
5.61
4.92
5.68
5.11
6.16
5.45
4.92
5.51
5.39
7.20
5.61
4.51
4.33
4.49
4.11
4.33
4.15
5.39
4.32
4.02
4.63
3.99
4.18
4.25
6.15
PM
(g/hp-hr)
0.11
0.33
0.24
0.171
0.20
0.12
0.40
0.24
0.171
0.183
0.180
0.290
0.230
0.096
0.090
0.200
0.140
0.180
0.160
0.190
0.116
0.090
0.200
0.160
0.250
0.210
0.260
BSFC
(Ib/hp-hr)
0.36
0.36
0.43
0.36
0.333
0.330
0.367
0.334
0.340
0.332
0.382
0.341
0.350
0.374
0.442
0.351
0.340
0.380
0.342
0.368
0.379
0.451
F7
-------
Table F3. CI Transient Adjustment Factors for Various Nonroad Test Cycles
Engine
Caterpillar 3 116
Caterpillar 3054
John Deere 403 9
John Deere 7076
Consolidated Diesel
6TA-830
John Deere 66 19
Consolidated Diesel
4039
Caterpillar 3306
John Deere 6 101
(average of three tests)
Caterpillar 3 176
MX270
MX240
Tier
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Test Cycle
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Excavator
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Typ Rubber-Tire
Typ Skid-Steer
Typ Arc Welder
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Typ Rubber-Tire
HC
0.57
5.14
1.29
0.70
1.85
0.77
0.49
2.44
0.80
1.02
2.13
0.98
1.05
2.42
0.97
1.06
2.43
0.98
0.65
2.19
0.92
1.05
1.81
0.91
0.99
2.06
1.01
1.40
1.00
1.50
0.75
0.55
0.82
0.36
0.64
0.82
1.82
0.83
2.00
0.83
1.50
CO
0.30
2.98
2.91
0.47
3.34
1.06
0.26
1.21
0.65
0.28
2.35
1.08
0.71
6.57
2.51
0.25
1.47
0.71
0.74
0.98
0.62
0.56
3.52
1.85
0.37
1.88
1.14
0.44
0.83
2.31
1.50
0.75
3.25
1.95
3.30
1.70
3.20
0.51
2.08
2.04
4.06
NOX
1.00
1.01
0.93
1.26
0.72
1.10
1.04
0.85
1.04
0.92
1.40
0.99
0.86
1.02
0.93
0.93
1.14
0.96
0.96
0.86
0.98
0.99
1.11
1.00
0.89
1.10
0.95
0.87
0.98
1.31
1.02
0.96
1.00
0.91
0.96
0.92
1.20
0.93
1.07
0.92
0.97
PM
0.69
1.61
1.76
0.68
1.96
0.99
0.45
1.16
0.66
0.67
2.09
1.21
0.77
4.28
2.03
0.43
1.66
1.05
0.74
1.25
0.71
0.81
3.28
1.76
0.63
2.12
1.22
0.89
0.98
1.58
1.26
0.94
2.08
1.46
1.88
1.67
1.98
0.78
1.72
1.38
2.16
BSFC
1.01
1.17
1.03
0.96
1.13
0.95
0.93
1.21
0.96
0.95
1.28
0.96
1.03
1.20
1.01
1.01
1.17
1.00
0.94
1.12
0.94
1.00
1.11
0.99
1.01
1.20
1.01
1.03
0.99
1.10
1.00
0.98
1.12
1.00
1.03
1.10
1.30
0.97
1.08
0.97
1.05
F8
-------
Table F3. CI Transient Adjustment Factors for Various Nonroad Test Cycles
Engine
Average of Individual
TAFs
Standard Deviation of
TAFs
Student's f-test:
P value*
TO vs Tl
Tier
Test Cycle
Typ Skid-Steer
Typ Arc Welder
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Typ Rubber-Tire
Typ Skid-Steer
Typ Arc Welder
Excavator
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Typ Rubber-Tire
Typ Skid-Steer
Typ Arc Welder
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
HC
2.17
4.50
0.83
2.23
0.88
1.07
1.49
3.16
1.40
0.22
1.02
0.22
0.61
0.95
1.90
0.90
0.13
0.11
CO
1.96
3.24
0.50
2.66
1.50
3.68
1.83
3.22
0.44
0.21
1.49
0.75
0.54
0.18
0.02
0.21
0.67
0.64
NOX
0.98
1.42
0.98
1.05
0.98
0.96
0.95
1.31
0.87
0.10
0.19
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.16
0.40
0.40
0.26
PM
1.81
2.24
0.71
2.07
1.29
2.02
1.74
2.11
0.89
0.17
0.88
0.42
0.20
0.10
0.19
0.08
0.63
0.83
BSFC
1.08
1.28
0.98
1.16
0.99
1.04
1.09
1.29
1.03
0.03
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.77
0.17
0.36
* P value > 0.05 indicates that the difference between the Tier 0 and Tier 1 values is not statistically
significant.
F9
-------
Table F4. CI Cycle Transient Adjustment Factors Binned by Load Factor Category
Cycle
None (steady-state)
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe/Loader
Crawler Dozer
Rubber-Tire Loader
Skid-Steer Loader
Arc Welder
Excavator
Cycle
Load
Factors*
N/A
0.78
0.21
0.58
0.48
0.23
0.19
0.53
Assignment
None
HiLF
LoLF
HiLF
HiLF
LoLF
LoLF
HiLF
HC
Cycle
TAFs
1.00
0.83
2.23
0.88
1.07
1.49
3.16
1.40
New
TAFs
1.00
1.05
2.29
1.05
1.05
2.29
2.29
1.05
CO
Cycle
TAFs
1.00
0.50
2.66
1.50
3.68
1.83
3.22
0.44
New
TAFs
1.00
1.53
2.57
1.53
1.53
2.57
2.57
1.53
NOX
Cycle
TAFs
1.00
0.98
1.05
0.98
0.96
0.95
1.31
0.87
New
TAFs
1.00
0.95
1.10
0.95
0.95
1.10
1.10
0.95
avg Hi LF
avg Lo LF
1.05
2.29
1.53
2.57
0.95
1.10
Cycle
None (steady-state)
Agricultural Tractor
Backhoe/Loader
Crawler Dozer
Rubber-Tire Loader
Skid-Steer Loader
Arc Welder
Excavator
Cycle
Load
Factors*
N/A
0.78
0.21
0.58
0.48
0.23
0.19
0.53
Assignment
None
HiLF
LoLF
HiLF
HiLF
LoLF
LoLF
HiLF
PM
Cycle TAFs
1.00
0.71
2.07
1.29
2.02
1.74
2.11
0.89
New TAFs
1.00
1.23
1.97
1.23
1.23
1.97
1.97
1.23
BSFC
Cycle TAFs
1.00
0.98
1.16
0.99
1.04
1.09
1.29
1.03
New TAFs
1.00
1.01
1.18
1.01
1.01
1.18
1.18
1.01
avg Hi LF
avg Lo LF
1.23
1.97
1.01
1.18
* The load factors shown were obtained from engine test data and are not used directly in
NONROAD.
Table F5. CI Transient Adjustment Factors in Draft NONROAD2004
Assignment
avg Hi LF
avg Lo LF
None
HC
Base-Tier
3
1.05
2.29
1.00
CO
Base-Tier
3
1.53
2.57
1.00
NOX
Base,
Tiers 0-2
0.95
1.10
1.00
Tier 3*
1.04
1.21
1.10
PM
Base,
Tiers 0-2
1.23
1.97
1.00
Tier 3*
1.47
2.37
1.20
BSFC
Base-
TierS
1.01
1.18
1.00
* NOX Tier 3 TAF = 1.1*(NOX Base, Tiers 0-2 TAF). PM Tier 3 TAP = 1.2*(PM Base, Tiers 0-2 TAF).
TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines (i.e., the model applies a TAF of 1.0).
F10
-------
Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type
sec
2270001 000
2270001 020
2270001 030
2270001 040
2270001 050
2270001 060
2270002003
2270002006
2270002009
227000201 5
2270002018
2270002021
2270002024
2270002027
2270002030
2270002033
2270002036
2270002039
2270002042
2270002045
2270002048
2270002051
2270002054
2270002057
2270002060
2270002063
2270002066
2270002069
2270002072
2270002075
2270002078
2270002081
2270003010
2270003020
2270003030
2270003040
2270003050
Equipment Type
Recreational Vehicles All
Recreational Vehicles Snowmobiles
Recreational Vehicles All Terrain Vehicles
Recreational Vehicles Minibikes
Recreational Vehicles Golf Carts
Recreational Vehicles Speciality Vehicle Carts
Construction Equipment Pavers
Construction Equipment Tampers/Rammers
Construction Equipment Plate Compactors
Construction Equipment Rollers
Construction Equipment Scrapers
Construction Equipment Paving Equipment
Construction Equipment Surfacing Equipment
Construction Equipment Signal Boards
Construction Equipment Trenchers
Construction Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs
Construction Equipment Excavators
Construction Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws
Construction Equipment Cement & Mortar Mixers
Construction Equipment Cranes
Construction Equipment Graders
Construction Equipment Off-highway Trucks
Construction Equipment Crushing/Proc. Equipment
Construction Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts
Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders
Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Dozers
Construction Equipment Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
Construction Equipment Crawler Dozer
Construction Equipment Skid Steer Loaders
Construction Equipment Off-Highway Tractors
Construction Equipment Dumpers/Tenders
Construction Equipment Other Construction Equipment
Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts
Industrial Equipment Forklifts
Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers
Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial Equipment
Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling Equipment
Representative
Cycle
Backhoe
None
None
None
None
Backhoe
Crawler
None
None
Crawler
Crawler
Crawler
Crawler
None
Crawler
None
Excavator
Crawler
None
None
Crawler
Crawler
None
RTLoader
RTLoader
Crawler
Backhoe
Crawler
SSLoader
Crawler
Backhoe
Crawler
Backhoe
RTLoader
None
None
Backhoe
TAP
Assignment
Lo LF
None
None
None
None
LoLF
HiLF
None
None
Hi LF
HiLF
Hi LF
HiLF
None
Hi LF
None
Hi LF
HiLF
None
None
Hi LF
HiLF
None
Hi LF
HiLF
Hi LF
LoLF
Hi LF
LoLF
Hi LF
Lo LF
HiLF
LoLF
HiLF
None
None
Lo LF
Fll
-------
Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type
sec
2270003060
2270003070
2270004000
227000401 0
227000401 1
227000401 5
227000401 6
2270004020
2270004021
2270004025
2270004026
2270004030
2270004031
2270004035
2270004036
2270004040
2270004041
2270004045
2270004046
2270004050
2270004051
2270004055
2270004056
2270004060
2270004061
2270004065
2270004066
2270004071
2270004075
2270004076
2270005010
2270005015
Equipment Type
Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration
Terminal Tractors
Lawn & Garden Equipment ALL
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Residential)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush
Cutters
Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush
Cutters (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums
Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers
Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers
Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers
Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP
Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors
Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters
Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters (Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders
Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Commercial Turf Equipment
(Commercial)
Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden
Equipment
Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden
Equipment (Commercial)
Farm Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors
Farm Equipment Agricultural Tractors
Representative
Cycle
None
Crawler
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Ag Tractor
Ag Tractor
TAP
Assignment
None
HiLF
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Hi LF
Hi LF
F12
-------
Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type
sec
2270005020
2270005025
2270005030
2270005035
2270005040
2270005045
2270005050
2270005055
2270005060
2270006000
2270006005
227000601 0
227000601 5
2270006020
2270006025
2270006030
2270007005
227000701 0
227000701 5
2270008005
2270009010
2270010010
2282020005
2282020010
2282020015
2282020025
2285002015
Equipment Type
Farm Equipment Combines
Farm Equipment Balers
Farm Equipment Agricultural Mowers
Farm Equipment Sprayers
Farm Equipment Tillers > 6 HP
Farm Equipment Swathers
Farm Equipment Hydro Power Units
Farm Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment
Farm Equipment Irrigation Sets
Light Commercial ALL
Light Commercial Generator Sets
Light Commercial Pumps
Light Commercial Air Compressors
Light Commercial Gas Compressors
Light Commercial Welders
Light Commercial Pressure Washers
Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP
Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP
Logging Equipment Forest Equipment
Airport Service Equipment Airport Support Equipment
Other Underground Mining Equipment
Other Oil Field Equipment
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Inboards
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Outboards
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Personal Water Craft
Recreational Pleasure Craft, Sailboat Aux. Outboard
Railway Maintenance
Representative
Cycle
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
AgTractor
None
AgTractor
None
None
None
None
None
None
ArcWelder
None
RTLoader
RTLoader
RTLoader
RTLoader
Backhoe
None
None
None
None
None
Backhoe
TAP
Assignment
Hi LF
HiLF
HiLF
Hi LF
HiLF
Hi LF
None
Hi LF
None
None
None
None
None
None
Lo LF
None
Hi LF
HiLF
HiLF
Hi LF
LoLF
None
None
None
None
None
Lo LF
F13
-------
Table F7. Comparison of TAP Methodology Used in Draft Versions of NONROAD
Model Date
June 1998
April 1999
June 2000
Nov 2000
Oct 2001
March 2002
April 2004
Dec 2005
July 2009
Model
Version
Name
"Original"
"Tier 2"
"2007 HD
Rule"
"Final
Finding /
ANPRM"
"Pentathalon
NPRM"
"NONROAD
2002" and
"NONROAD
2004" and
"NONROAD
2005" and
"NONROAD
2008a"
Data as Basis
(# of engines)
9 engines
(8 Tier 0 and 1
Tier 1 engines)
Cycles Used
Ag tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
Treatment
of Tier 0 vs
Tier 1 Data
Tier 0 and
Tier 1 data
combined
Ratio of
Averages
or Average
of Ratios?
Ratio of
averages
TAFs Used
and
Assignments
3 cycle TAFs.
One assigned
to each
equipment type
No TAF-related changes
12 engines
(8 Tier 0 and 4
Tier 1 engines)
Ag tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
RT Loader
SS Loader
Arc Welder
TierO and
Tier 1 data
separated;
separate
TAFs for
each
Ratio of
averages
Revised to
accomodate
separate TO
and T1 TAFs
and 3
additional
cycles
No TAF related changes relative to June 2000 version
12 engines
(8 Tier 0 and 4
Tier 1 engines)
12 engines
(8 TierO and 4
Tier 1 engines)
Ag tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
RT Loader
SS Loader
Arc Welder
Ag tractor
Backhoe Loader
Crawler Dozer
RT Loader
SS Loader
Arc Welder
Excavator
TierO and
Tier 1 data
re-combined
TierO and
Tier 1 data
combined
Average of
ratios
Average of
ratios
6 cycle TAFs.
One assigned
to each
equipment type
7 cycle TAFs
binned in two
categories: Hi
LF and Lo LF.
One assigned
to each
equipment
type.
F14
-------
Appendix G
Derivation of Deterioration Factors for
Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines
Deterioration factors used in emissions models are intended to account for increases
in emissions above a new engine or vehicle's base emissions level with time. Emissions
can increase with time for a number of reasons including, engine wear, poor maintenance
practices, and willful or unwitting tampering with emission control systems. Emissions
from diesel engines increase with time (deteriorate) at a very slow rate when the engine is
properly maintained and operated. In fact for a number of pollutants (primarily NOX),
emission levels can actually drop slightly as the engine ages. However, anecdotal and
emission test experience suggests that many diesel engines emit at a much higher level in-
use (especially PM) than would be anticipated for a well maintained diesel engine.
Diesel engines are extremely robust and can continue to provide adequate
performance for a user, even when they have been poorly maintained. Unlike speed and load
characterized performance, however, their emissions performance can decrease quite rapidly
when the engine receives poor maintenance. Analysis and testing conducted by contractors
to EPA and to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have shown that these
maintenance and tampering issues comprise the bulk of the observed increase in PM
emissions from diesel engines in-use. (1) When CARB updated the large CI component of
its OFFROAD model in 2000, they accounted for this increase in emissions by using
deterioration factors developed from real world observations of in-use PM emissions
correlated to particular engine technologies. (2) We believe that this is the appropriate
approach for PM emission modeling in order to account for all of the possible mechanisms of
PM deterioration. We have therefore adopted the PM deterioration factors from CARB's
OFFROAD model in this version of NONROAD. We averaged the highway-based LDDT,
MHDT, and HHDT PM deterioration factors used in CARB's OFFROAD model (0.31, 0.44,
and 0.67, respectively) and applied the average (0.473) to all tiers.
For HC, CO, and NOX, we have continued our practice of using deterioration factors
developed by manufacturers based upon well maintained engines. We have done so because
we believe that maintenance and tampering issues do not effect the emission rates of these
pollutants as dramatically. As a result, we base the HC, CO, and NOX deterioration factors
adopted for nonroad engines on highway certification data (zero-mile levels and lifetime
deterioration) (3). We used the same data to derive highway compliance margins for the
steady-state emission factor analysis. Correspondence between highway weight class (light,
medium, heavy), highway model-year group, and nonroad horsepower categories is identical
to that used for the steady-state emission factor analysis.
We converted the highway engine deterioration estimates into a format applicable to
nonroad engines, following these steps:
(1) We calculated absolute deterioration rates DF^ using the zero-mile emission
factors and lifetime deterioration estimates presented in reference (3).
Gl
-------
(2) We converted the absolute deterioration rates DF^ (g/hp-hr2) to relative
deterioration rates DFre/ (% emissions increase/% useful life expended).
(3) We calculated a separate DFre/ for each combination of pollutant, Tier, and
horsepower category. Then to derive a single value for each Tier and pollutant, we
simply averaged the DFre/.
We discuss these calculations in greater detail below.
To adapt highway-certification deterioration rates for application to nonroad engines,
it was necessary to convert them from an absolute basis (emissions increase over engine's
useful life (g/hp-hr)) to a relative basis (% emissions increase/% useful life expended). This
conversion involves relating the emissions increase over the engine's useful life to the zero-
hour emission factor, in proportional terms.
We achieved this conversion as follows. To begin, if we assume linear deterioration
with the intercept at the zero-mile emission factor, (0 deterioration increase at 0 miles (0
hours useful life)), it is possible to calculate the absolute slope of the line, i.e., the absolute
deterioration rate DFafe (g/hp-hr2) (Figure 1 on next page). The required data are the absolute
emissions increase DT (g/hp-hr) over engine's useful life L (years) and the zero-mile emission
factor EFzm (g/hp-hr):
T
_Ay_(EFzm+DT)-EFzm_D
&c L-0 L
Dividing the numerator and denominator by EFzm and Z, respectively, and multiplying
each by 100 expresses the deterioration factor in percentage terms with respect to emissions
increase and useful life, giving a relative deterioration rate DFre/ (% emissions increase/%
useful life):
-^XIOO
rel
L\
- xlOO "zm
L)
Thus, the relative deterioration rate is the quotient of the absolute emissions increase
and the zero-mile emission factor. Tables G1-G3 present estimates of DFre/ for each
combination of pollutant, Tier and horsepower category. To derive individual values of DFre/
for each pollutant and Tier, we calculated simple unweighted averages.
The resulting DFre/ for each pollutant and Tier are presented in Table G4.
We intend to continue to monitor in-use PM emissions levels, and as the body of data
increases (especially for newer engine technologies), we intend to further update the
G2
-------
deterioration factors used here. Similarly, if we learn that deterioration rates for other
pollutants also increase significantly in-use, we will update those factors as well.
References
(1) Engine, Fuel and Emissions Engineering, Inc., "Modeling Deterioration in Heavy-Duty
Diesel Particulate Emissions," report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1998.
(2) ARB, "Public Meeting to Consider Approval of the Emissions Inventory of Off-Road
Large Compression-Ignited (CI) Engines (>25HP)," January 2000.
(3) EPA, "Update of Heavy-Duty Emission Levels (Model Years 1988-2004+) for Use in
MOBILE6," EPA420-R-99-010, April 1999.
Y
-------
Table Gl. Hydrocarbon (HC) Deterioration Factors by Tier and
Horsepower Category
Nonroad
Engine
Power
Categories
(hp)
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
Corresponding
Highway
Vehicle Weight
Class1
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
Corresponding
Highway
Model-Year
Group
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
Corresponding Highway Certification Test Results
and Deterioration Factors
EFZM
(g/hp-hr)
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.22
0.22
0.22
DT3
(g/hp-hr)
TierO
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
Tiers 1-3
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
DFrel4
(%increase/%
useful life)
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.068
0.068
0.068
0.043
0.043
0.043
0.038
0.038
0.038
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.068
0.068
0.068
1 LHDD = "light heavy-duty diesel," MHDD = "medium heavy-duty diesel," and HHDD = "heavy heavy-duty diesel."
2 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 8.
3 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA 1999, Table 8.
4 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as DT/EFzm. For discussion, see text.
G4
-------
Table G2. CO Deterioration Factors by Tier and Horsepower Category1
Nonroad
Engine
Power
Categories
(hp)
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
Corresponding
Highway
Vehicle Weight
Class1
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
Corresponding
Highway
Model- Year
Group
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
1994-97
Corresponding Highway Certification
and Deterioration Factors
EFZM
(g/hp-hr)
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.20
1.20
1.20
0.88
0.88
0.88
1.07
1.07
1.07
DT3
(g/hp-hr)
TierO
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.22
0.22
0.22
Tiers 1-3
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.10
Test Results
EFZM
(g/hp-hr)
0.198
0.198
0.198
0.195
0.195
0.195
0.162
0.162
0.162
0.021
0.021
0.021
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.093
0.093
0.093
1 LHDD = "light heavy-duty diesel," MHDD = "medium heavy-duty diesel," and HHDD =
2 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 9.
3 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA
4 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as DT/EFzm. For discussion, see text.
"heavy heavy-duty diesel."
1999, Table 9.
G5
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Table G3. NOx Deterioration Factors by Pollutant and Horsepower Category1
Nonroad
Engine Power
Categories
(hp)
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
<11
11-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
>750
50-100
100-175
175-300
300-600
600-750
Corresponding
Highway Vehicle
Weight Class1
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
LHDD
LHDD
LHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
HHDD
MHDD
MHDD
MHDD
HHDD
HHDD
Corresponding
Highway Model-
Year Group
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1988-89
1991-93
1991-93
1991-93
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
1998-2003
Corresponding
EFZM
(g/hp-hr)
4.34
4.34
4.34
6.43
6.43
6.43
6.28
6.28
6.28
4.28
4.28
4.28
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.70
4.70
4.70
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.70
4.70
Highway Certification
Deterioration Factors
DT3
(g/hp-hr)
Tier 0-1
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.28
0.28
0.28
Tier 2
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
Tier3
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
Test Results and
EFZM2
(g/hp-hr)
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.011
0.011
1 LHDD = "light heavy-duty diesel," MHDD = "medium heavy-duty diesel," and HHDD =
2 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 10.
3 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA
4 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as DT/EFzm. For discussion, see text.
"heavy heavy-duty diesel.'
1999, Table 10.
G6
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Table G4. Deterioration Factors for Nonroad Diesel Engines
Pollutant Relative Deterioration Factor (DFrej) (% increase/% useful life)1
HC
CO
NOx
PM
Base/Tier 0
0.047
0.185
0.024
0.473
Tier 1
0.036
0.101
0.024
0.473
Tier 2
0.034
0.101
0.009
0.473
TierS
0.027
0.151
0.008
0.473
= A in the equation: DF =l+A*(fraction of useful life expended)1
G7
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