Risks of Chlorpyrifos Use to Federally Threatened
& Endangered
California red-legged frog (Rana aurora
draytonii), California tiger salamander
(Ambystoma californiense), San Francisco garter
snake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia),
California clapper rail, (Rallus longirostris
obsoletus), Salt marsh harvest mouse
(Reithrodontomys raviventris), Bay checkerspot
butterfly (Euphydryas editha bayensis), Valley
elderberry longhorn beetle (Desmocerus
californicus dimorphus), San Joaquin kit fox
(Vulpes macrotis mutica), California freshwater
shrimp (Syncarispacifica), and Delta smelt
(Hypomesus transpacificus)
Pesticide Effects Determinations
Environmental Fate and Effects Division
Office of Pesticide Programs
Washington, D.C. 20460
October 16,2009
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Primary Authors:
Mark Corbin, Senior Environmental Scientist
Rebecca Daiss, Senior Biologist
Donna R. Judkins, Ph.D., Biologist
Secondary Review:
James K. Wolf, Ph.D., Soil Physicist
Pamela Hurley, Senior Toxicologist
Dana Spatz, Branch Chief
Environmental Risk Assessment Branch 3
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Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary 8
2 Problem Formulation 16
2.1 Purpose 16
2.2 Scope 18
2.3 Previous Assessments 19
2.4 Stressor Source and Distribution 22
2.4.1 Environmental Fate Properties 22
2.4.2 Environmental Transport Mechanisms 26
2.4.3 Mechanism of Action 27
2.4.4 Use Characterization 27
2.5 Assessed Species 44
2.6 Designated Critical Habitat 50
2.7 Action Area 53
2.8 Assessment Endpoints and Measures of Ecological Effect 54
2.8.1 Assessment Endpoints 55
2.8.2 Assessment Endpoints for Designated Critical Habitat 59
2.9 Conceptual Model 61
2.9.1 Risk Hypotheses 61
2.9.2 Diagram 61
2.10 Analysis Plan 63
2.10.1 Measures to Evaluate the Risk Hypothesis and Conceptual Model 64
2.10.2 Data Gaps 68
3 Exposure Assessment 68
3.1 Label Application Rates and Intervals 69
3.2 Aquatic Exposure Assessment 74
3.2.1 Modeling Approach 74
3.2.2 Model Inputs 75
3.2.3 Results 77
3.2.4 Existing Monitoring Data 83
3.3 Terrestrial Animal Exposure Assessment 87
3.4 Terrestrial Plant Exposure Assessment 93
4 Effects Assessment 93
4.1 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Aquatic Organisms 96
4.1.1 Toxicity to Freshwater Fish and Aquatic-Phase Amphibians 98
4.1.2 Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates 102
4.1.3 Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Fish 103
4.1.4 Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates 103
4.1.5 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants 103
4.1.6 Freshwater Field/Mesocosm Studies 104
4.2 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Terrestrial Organisms 105
4.2.1 Toxicity to Birds, Reptiles, and Terrestrial-Phase Amphibians 107
4.2.2 Toxicity to Mammals 112
4.2.3 Toxicity to Terrestrial Invertebrates 116
4.2.4 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants 117
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4.3 Use of Probit Slope Response Relationship to Provide Information on the Endangered
Species Levels of Concern 117
4.4 Incident Database Review 118
4.5 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos Oxon 118
5 Risk Characterization 120
5.1 Exposures in the Aquatic Habitat 120
5.1.1 Freshwater Fish and Aquatic-phase Amphibians 121
5.1.2 Freshwater Invertebrates 124
5.1.3 Estuarine/Marine Fish 126
5.1.4 Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates 127
5.1.5 Non-vascular Aquatic Plants 127
5.2 Exposures in the Terrestrial Habitat 128
5.2.1 Birds (surrogate for Reptiles and Terrestrial-phase amphibians) 128
5.2.2 Mammals 131
5.2.3 Terrestrial Invertebrates 134
5.2.4 Terrestrial Plants 135
5.3 Primary Constituent Elements of Designated Critical Habitat 137
5.4 Spatial Extent of Potential Effects 137
5.4.1 Spray Drift 138
5.4.2 Downstream Dilution Analysis 138
5.4.3 Overlap between CRLF and SFB Species habitat and Spatial Extent of
Potential Effects 138
5.5 Risk Description 139
5.5.1 Direct Effects 144
5.5.2 Indirect Effects 156
5.5.3 Potential Modification of Habitat 160
5.5.4 Modification of Designated Critical Habitat 161
6 Uncertainties 162
6.1 Exposure Assessment Uncertainties 162
6.1.1 Oxon Exposure and Risk 162
6.1.2 Maximum Use Scenario 162
6.1.3 Aquatic Exposure Modeling of Chlorpyrifos 162
6.1.4 Usage Uncertainties 165
6.1.5 Terrestrial Exposure Modeling of Chlorpyrifos 165
6.1.6 Spray Drift Modeling 166
6.2 Effects Assessment Uncertainties 166
6.2.1 Age Class and Sensitivity of Effects Thresholds 166
6.2.2 Use of Surrogate Species Effects Data 167
6.2.3 Sublethal Effects 167
6.2.4 Location of Wildlife Species 168
7 Risk Conclusions 168
8 References 170
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Appendices
Appendix A Multi-ai Product Analysis
Appendix B RQ Method and LOCs
Appendix C KABAM Output
Appendix D T-REX Example Output
Appendix E Ecological Effects Data
Appendix F Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature Evaluated
Appendix G Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature Not Evaluated
Appendix H ECOTOX Database
Appendix I HED Effects Table
Appendix J Chlorpyrifos Incidents
Appendix K GIS Maps and Spatial Analysis
Attachment I. Status and Life History of the California Red-legged Frog
Attachment II. Baseline Status and Cumulative Effects for the California Red-legged Frog
Attachment III. Status and Life Histories of the San Francisco Bay Species
Attachment IV. Baseline Status and Cumulative Effects for the San Francisco Bay Species
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Effects Determination Summary for Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the CRLF and SFB
Species 11
Table 1.2 Effects Determination Summary for the Critical Habitat Impact AnalysisEffects
Determination Summary for the Critical Habitat Impact Analysis 15
Table 2.1 Distribution of Chlorpyrifos concentrations from surface water and ground water
monitoring data (USGS NAWQA, 2007) 23
Table 2.2 Physical/chemical properties of Chlorpyrifos 24
Table 2.3 Summary of Chlorpyrifos Environmental Fate Properties 25
Table 2.4 Liquid Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information 29
Table 2.5 Granular Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information 36
Table 2.6 Flowable Concentrate Chlorpyrifos Uses, Scenarios, and Application Information.... 40
Table 2.7 Summary of CDPR PUR Use by County 42
Table 2.8 Summary of CDPR PUR Use by Crop/Use Site 44
Table 2.9 Summary of Current Distribution, Habitat Requirements, and Life History
Information for the Assessed Listed Species1 45
Table 2.10 Designated Critical Habitat PCEs for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS 51
Table 2.11 Taxa Used in the Analyses of Direct and Indirect Effects for the Assessed Listed
Species 56
Table 2.12 Taxa and Assessment Endpoints Used to Evaluate the Potential for the Use of
Chlorpyrifos to Result in Direct and Indirect Effects to the Assessed Listed Species 57
Table 2.13 Summary of Assessment Endpoints and Measures of Ecological Effect 60
Table 3.1 Summary of PRZM/EXAMS Exposure Assumptions for Chlorpyrifos 70
Table 3.2 PRZM/EXAMS chemical specific input parameters for Chlorpyrifos a 76
Table 3.3 Application Rates for Chlorpyrifos Pre-plant Seed Treatment 77
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Table 3.4 Aquatic EECs (ug/L) for Chlorpyrifos Uses in California 78
Table 3.5 Summary of Sediment and Pore Water EEC using selected PRZM scenarios 82
Table 3.6 Characteristics of aquatic biota of the model ecosystem 82
Table 3.7 Total BCFand BAF values of Chlorpyrifos in aquatic trophic levels 83
Table 3.8 Input Parameters for Foliar Applications Used to Derive Terrestrial EECs for
Chlorpyrifos with T-REX 88
Table 3.9 Input Parameters for Granular Applications Used to Derive Terrestrial EECs for
Chlorpyrifos with T-REX 89
Table 3.10 Input Parameters for Seed Treatment Applications Used to Derive Terrestrial EECs
for Chlorpyrifos with T-REX 89
Table 3.11 Chlorpyrifos Dietary and Dose-Based EECs for CRLF, Juvenile California clapper
rail, CA tiger salamander and San Francisco garter snake and their Prey 90
Table 3.12 Chlorpyrifos Dose-Based EECs for the Adult California Clapper Rail 91
Table 3.13 Chlorpyrifos Dietary and Dose-based EECs for the Salt Marsh Mouse and San
Joaquin Kit Fox 92
Table 3.14 EECs (ppm) for Terrestrial Invertebrates 93
Table 4.1 Aquatic toxicity profile for Chlorpyrifos 97
Table 4.2 Categories of Acute Toxi city for Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals 98
Table 4.3 Amphibian Toxicity Profile for Chlorpyrifos 100
Table 4.4 Mesocosm Studies 105
Table 4.5 Terrestrial Toxicity Profile for Chlorpyrifos 106
Table 4.6 Categories of Acute Toxicity for Avian and Mammalian Studies 107
Table 4.7 Chlorpyrifos Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings 108
Table 4.8 Formulation Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings 109
Table 4.9 Chlorpyrifos Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings 109
Table 4.10 Formulation Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings 110
Table 4.11 TCP Degradate Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings 110
Table 4.12 Avian Reproduction Findings Ill
Table 4.13 Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings 113
Table 4.14 Mammalian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings 113
Table 4.15 TCP Degradate Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings 114
Table 4.16 Mammalian Chronic Toxicity Data 115
Table 4.17 Nontarget Insect Acute Contact Toxicity Findings 116
Table 4.18 Toxicity Profile for Chlorpyrifos Oxon 119
Table 5.1 Types of Data Used to Assess Direct Risk to Listed Species and Indirect Risk to these
Species through the Food Chain 121
Table 5.2 Summary of Acute RQs for Freshwater Amphibians and Fish 122
Table 5.3 Summary of Chronic RQs for Freshwater Amphibians and Fish 123
Table 5.4 Summary of Acute RQs for Freshwater Invertebrates 125
Table 5.5 Summary of Chronic RQs for Aquatic Invertebrates 125
Table 5.6 Summary of Acute RQs for Estuarine/Marine Fish 126
Table 5.7 Summary of Chronic RQs for Estuarine/Marine Fish 126
Table 5.8 Summary of Acute and Chronic RQs for Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates 127
Table 5.9 Summary of Acute RQs for Non-Vascular Aquatic Plants 127
Table 5.10 Acute Dose-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos California Red Legged Frog, Clapper Rail,
Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake 129
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Table 5.11 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and California Red Legged
Frog, Clapper Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake 129
Table 5.12 LD50/sq ft for Granular Applications Chlorpyrifos California Red Legged Frog,
Clapper Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake 130
Table 5.13 Acute and Chronic RQs Seed Treatment and California Red Legged Frog, Clapper
Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake 131
Table 5.14 Acute Dose-Based RQs for Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse and San Joaquin Fox 132
Table 5.15 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and Salt Marsh Harvest
Mouse and San Joaquin Fox 132
Table 5.16 LD50/sq ft for Granular Applications for Chlorpyrifos and Salt Marsh Harvest
Mouse and San Joaquin Fox 133
Table 5.17 Acute and Chronic RQs for Seed Treatment for Chlorpyrifos and Salt Marsh Harvest
Mouse and San Joaquin Fox 134
Table 5.18 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and Terrestrial Invertebrates
135
Table 5.19 Calculation of RQ values for mammals and birds consuming fish contaminated by
Chlorpyrifos 136
Table 5.20 Risk Estimation Summary for Chlorpyrifos - Direct and Indirect Effects 139
Table 5.21 Risk Estimation Summary for Chlorpyrifos - Effects to Designated Critical Habitat.
(PCEs) 143
Table 5.22 T-HERPS Dose-based RQs for CRLF 151
Table 5.24 T-HERPS Dose-based RQs for CTS 153
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Chlorpyrifos Use in Total Pounds per County 41
Figure 2.2 Conceptual Model for Terrestrial-Phase of the Assessed Species 62
Figure 2.3 Conceptual Model for Aquatic-Phase of the Assessed Species 63
Figure 3.1 Summary of Applications of Chlorpyrifos to Grapes in 2007 from CDPR PUR
data 82
Figure 3.2 Location of CDPR surface water sites with Chlorpyrifos detections relative to
landcover 95
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1 Executive Summary
The purpose of this assessment is to evaluate potential direct and indirect effects on the
California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii), California tiger salamander (Ambystoma
californiense), San Francisco garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia), California clapper
rail, (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), Salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris),
Bay checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha bayemis), Valley elderberry longhorn beetle
(Desmocerus californicus dimorphus), San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), California
freshwater shrimp (Syncarispacifica), Delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) arising from
FIFRA regulatory actions regarding use of chlorpyrifos on agricultural and non-agricultural sites.
Hereafter the non-California red legged frog (CRLF) species considered in this assessment will
be referred to collectively as SFB species.
In addition, this assessment evaluates whether these actions can be expected to result in
modification of designated critical habitat for the CRLF and SFB species. Critical habits have
only been designated for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CIS, and DS species. This assessment was
completed in accordance with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) Endangered Species Consultation Handbook (USFWS/NMFS, 1998
and procedures outlined in the Agency's Overview Document (U.S. EPA, 2004). The CRLF was
listed as a threatened species by USFWS in 1996. The species is endemic to California and Baja
California (Mexico) and inhabits both coastal and interior mountain ranges.
Chlorpyrifos (CAS number 2921-88-2; PC Code 059101) [0,0-diethyl 0-3,5,6-trichloro-
2-pyridyl phosphorothioate] is an insecticide belonging to the organophosphate class of
pesticides. The pesticide acts through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and is used to kill a
broad range of insects and mites. Currently, labeled uses of chlorpyrifos include a wide variety
of terrestrial food and feed crops, terrestrial non-food crops, greenhouse food/non-food, and
domestic indoor and outdoor sites. There are currently 26 active registrants of chlorpyrifos with
99 active product labels, which include formulated products and technical grade chlorpyrifos.
The major route of dissipation of chlorpyrifos appears to be aerobic and anaerobic
biodegradation. Abiotic hydrolysis under neutral and acidic conditions, photodegradation, and
volatilization do not seem to play a significant role in the dissipation process. Based on available
data, chlorpyrifos appears to degrade slowly in soil under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions:
however, the persistence appears to variable. Information on leaching and adsorption/desorption
indicate that parent chlorpyrifos is largely immobile.
The effects determinations for each listed species assessed is based on a weight-of-evidence
method that relies heavily on an evaluation of risks to each taxon relevant to assess both direct
and indirect effects to the listed species and the potential for modification of their designated
critical habitat (i.e., a taxon-level approach). Since the assessed species exist within aquatic and
terrestrial habitats, exposure of the listed species, their prey and their habitats to chlorpyrifos are
assessed separately for the two habitats. Tier-II exposure models (PRZM/EXAMS) are used to
estimate high-end exposures of chlorpyrifos in aquatic habitats resulting from runoff and spray
drift from different uses. Peak model-estimated environmental concentrations (EEC) resulting
from different chlorpyrifos uses range from <1 |ig/L to 45 |ig/L. The 45 |ig/L is associated with
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ornamental use and is somewhat uncertain. The next highest EEC is 16 ug/L associated with use
on cole crops. These estimates are supplemented with analysis of available California surface
water monitoring data from U. S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment
(NAWQA) program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation and available open
literature data. Chlorpyrifos has been widely detected in surface water samples in California
from both the USGS NAWQA1 and CDPR2 data sets. Detection frequency in these data range
from roughly 25% to 50%. Maximum concentrations detected in these data sets are as high as
approximately 4 ppb though higher values have been reported in open literature. In addition,
chlorpyrifos has been detected in sediment and air/rainfall samples. Overall, chlorpyrifos has
been detected in runoff and eroded sediment and has been detected in air and rainfall samples far
from the site of applications suggesting that chlorpyrifos is likely volatilized. Finally,
chlorpyrifos oxon has been detected in surface water and air/rain samples suggesting similar
transport processes as the parent.
To estimate chlorpyrifos exposures to terrestrial species resulting from uses involving
chlorpyrifos applications, the T-REX model is used for both foliar and granular applications.
AgDRIFT and AGDISP models are also used to estimate deposition of chlorpyrifos on terrestrial
and aquatic habitats from spray drift. The T-HERPS model is used to allow for further
characterization of dietary exposures of terrestrial-phase amphibians relative to birds.
KABAM (Kow (based) Aquatic BioAccumulation Model) is used to estimate potential
bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in freshwater aquatic food webs and subsequent risks to
mammals and birds via consumption of contaminated aquatic prey. This bioaccumulation
assessment predicts water and sediment concentrations from PRZM/EXAMS to estimate
concentrations of chlorpyrifos in aquatic organisms. These estimated tissue concentrations are
compared to toxiciry values for various taxonomic groups that may eat aquatic organisms in order to
evaluate potential risk. The model then uses chlorpyrifos tissue concentrations in aquatic animals
to estimate dose- and dietary-based exposures and associated risks to mammals and birds
consuming aquatic organisms, using an approach that is similar to the T-REX model (USEPA
2008).
The effects determination assessment endpoints for the listed species include direct toxic effects
on the survival, reproduction, and growth of the listed species itself, as well as indirect effects,
such as reduction of the prey base or modification of its habitat. If appropriate data are not
available, toxicity data for birds are generally used as a surrogate for reptiles and terrestrial-
phase amphibians and toxicity data from fish are used as a surrogate for aquatic-phase
amphibians.
The major pathway of degradation begins with cleavage of the phosphorus ester bond to yield
TCP. Cleavage degradates, such as TCP and analogs, were the only degradates identified in the
submitted environmental fate studies. The degradates considered for inclusion in this assessment
were 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and chlorpyrifos-oxon (though not detected in fates
studies the oxon has been detected in monitoring data). Toxicity studies (both registrant
submitted and from open literature) for the major chlorpyrifos degradation product, TCP, suggest
1 http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/
2http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/surfwtr/surfdata.htm
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that the degradate is significantly less toxic than the TGAI. For aquatic species TCP is 3 to 4
orders of magnitude less toxic than chlorpyrifos and for terrestrial species it is roughly 1 to 2
orders of magnitude less toxic; due to lower toxicity than the parent, TCP exposure was not
evaluated in this assessment. Chlorpyrifos-oxon, a minor degradation product of chlorpyrifos,
has been detected in environmental samples, including drinking water, surface water and
precipitation. Toxicity data based on human health studies3 indicate that chlorpyrifos oxon may
be up to 10 times more toxic than parent chlorpyrifos. Additional open literature data provide
further evidence for chlopyrifos oxon being more toxic to non-target organisms than parent
chlorpyrifos.
Risk quotients (RQs) are derived as quantitative estimates of potential high-end risk. Acute and
chronic RQs are compared to the Agency's levels of concern (LOCs) to identify instances where
chlorpyrifos use within the action area has the potential to adversely affect the assessed species
and designated critical habitat (if applicable) via direct toxicity or indirectly based on direct
effects to its food supply or habitat. When RQs for each particular type of effect are below
LOCs, the pesticide is determined to have "no effect" on the listed species being assessed.
Where RQs exceed LOCs, a potential to cause adverse effects is identified, leading to a
conclusion of "may affect." If a determination is made that use of chlorpyrifos use "may affect"
the listed species being assessed and/or its designated critical habitat (if applicable), additional
information is considered to refine the potential for exposure and effects. Best available
information is used to distinguish those actions that "may affect, but are not likely to adversely
affect" (NLAA) from those actions that are "likely to adversely affect" (LAA) for each listed
species assessed. For designated critical habitat, distinctions are made for actions that are
expected to have 'no effect' on a designated critical habitat from those actions that have a
potential to result in 'habitat modification'.
Based on the best available information, the Agency makes a May Affect, and Likely to
Adversely Affect determination for all species being assessed from the use of chlorpyrifos.
These include the CRLF, California tiger salamander (CTS), San Francisco garter snake (SFGS),
California clapper rail (CCR), Salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM), Bay checkerspot butterfly
(BCB), Valley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB), San Joaquin kit fox (SJKF), California
freshwater shrimp (CFS), and Delta smelt (DS).
Additionally, the Agency has determined that there is the potential for modification of designated
critical habitat for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS from the use of chlorpyrifos. A
summary of the risk conclusions and effects determinations for each listed species assessed here
and their designated critical habitat (if applicable) is presented in Tables 1.1 and 1.2. Further
information on the results of the effects determination is included as part of the Risk Description
in Section 5.2. Given the LAA determination for the listed species being assessed and potential
modification of designated critical habitat for those species being assessed with designated
critical habitat, a description of the baseline status and cumulative effects for the CRLF is
provided in Attachment 2 and the baseline status and cumulative effects for the SFB are
provided in Attachment 4].
3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Organophosphate Cumulative Risk Assessment.
http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrdl/cumulative/2006-op/index.htm
10
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Table 1.1 Effects Determination Summary for Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the CRLF and SFB
Species
- Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley
elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly
Species
California red-
legged frog
(Rana aurora
draytonii)
San Francisco
garter snake
(Thamnophis
sirtalis tetrataenia)
Effects
Determination 1
LAA1
LAA
Basis for Determination
Potential for Direct Effects
Aquatic-phase (Eggs, Larvae, and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis NOAEC =
<0.1 ug/L;LOC exceeded for 46/47 uses of chlorpyrifos.
Terrestrial-phase (Juveniles and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: Avian RQs exceed LOCs for all uses of chlorpyrifos.
Bioaccumulation from Aquatic Prey:
- Based on consumption of aquatic prey that is predicted to bioaccumulate
chlorpyrifos, chronic RQs were exceeded using the KABAM model.
Potential for Indirect Effects
Aquatic prey items, aquatic habitat, cover and/or primary productivity
Indirect Effects Determination: Blackfly, Simulium vittatum 7S-7LC50 = 0.06 ug/L;
LOG exceeded for ALL uses, and Daphnid, Daphnia magna NOAEC = 0.04 ug/L; LOG
exceeded for ALL uses
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L =
LOG not exceeded for any use..
Terrestrial prey items, riparian habitat
Indirect Effects Determination: Avian acute and chronic RQs exceed LOCs for all uses
of chlorpyrifos. Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs for the majority
of uses of chlorpyrifos. The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and large
insects significantly exceed the acute LOG for all chlorpyrifos uses. No
acceptable terrestrial plant studies are available; based on incident data the
potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Potential for Direct Effects
Terrestrial-phase (Juveniles and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: See description above (CRLF) for direct effects on
birds as surrogate for terrestrial phase amphibians.
Bioaccumulation from Aquatic Prey:
- Based on consumption of aquatic prey that is predicted to bioaccumulate
chlorpyrifos, chronic RQs were exceeded using the KABAM model.
Potential for Indirect Effects
Aquatic prey items, aquatic habitat, cover and/or primary productivity
Indirect Effects Determination: Blackfly, Simulium vittatum 7S-7LC50 = 0.06 ug/L;
LOG exceeded for ALL uses, and Daphnid, Daphnia magna NOAEC = 0.04 ug/L; LOG
exceeded for ALL uses
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L =
LOG not exceeded for any use..
11
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Table 1.1 Effects Determination Summary for Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the CRLF and SFB
Species
- Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley
elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly
Species
California Clapper
Rail
(Rallus longirostris
obsoletus)
Salt marsh harvest
mouse
(Reithrodontomys
raviventris)
Bay checkerspot
butterfly (BCB)
(Euphydryas editha
Effects
Determination 1
LAA
LAA
LAA
Basis for Determination
Terrestrial prey items, riparian habitat
Indirect Effects Determination: Avian acute and chronic RQs exceed LOCs for all uses
of chlorpyrifos. Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs for the majority
of uses of chlorpyrifos. The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and large
insects significantly exceed the acute LOG for all chlorpyrifos uses. No
acceptable terrestrial plant studies are available; based on incident data the
potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Potential for Direct Effects
Terrestrial-phase (Juveniles and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: Avian acute dose- and dietary-based RQs are exceeded
for all uses of chlorpyrifos.
Bioaccumulation from Aquatic Prey:
- Based on consumption of aquatic prey that is predicted to bioaccumulate
chlorpyrifos, chronic RQs were exceeded using the KABAM model.
Potential for Indirect Effects
Aquatic; prey items and primary productivity:
Indirect Effects Determination: Blackfly, Simulium vitiation 7S-7LC50 = 0.06 ug/L;
LOC exceeded for ALL uses, and Daphnid, Daphnia magna NOAEC = 0.04 ug/L; LOC
exceeded for ALL uses
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L =
LOC not exceeded for any use.
Terrestrial prey items, riparian habitat
Indirect Effects Determination: Avian acute and chronic RQs exceed LOCs for all uses
of chlorpyrifos. Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs for the majority
of uses of chlorpyrifos. The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and large
insects significantly exceed the acute LOC for all chlorpyrifos uses. No
acceptable terrestrial plant studies are available; based on incident data the
potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Potential for Direct Effects
Terrestrial-phase (Juveniles and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs
for the majority of uses of chlorpyrifos.
Potential for Indirect Effects
Terrestrial prey items, riparian habitat
Indirect Effects Determination: Avian acute and chronic RQs exceed LOCs for all uses
of chlorpyrifos. Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs for the majority
of uses of chlorpyrifos. The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and large
insects significantly exceed the acute LOC for all chlorpyrifos uses. No
acceptable terrestrial plant studies are available; based on incident data the
potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L =
LOC not exceeded for any use..
Potential for Direct Effects
Direct Effects Determination: The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and
large insects significantly exceed the acute LOC for all chlorpyrifos uses.
12
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Table 1.1 Effects Determination Summary for Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the CRLF and SFB
Species
- Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley
elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly
Species
bayensis)
Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle
(Desmocerus
californicus
dimorphus)
San Joaquin kit fox
(Vulpes macrotis
muticd)
California tiger
salamander
(Ambystoma
californiense)
Effects
Determination 1
LAA
LAA
LAA
Basis for Determination
Potential for Indirect Effects
Indirect Effects Determination: No acceptable terrestrial plant studies are
available; based on incident data the potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Potential for Direct Effects
Direct Effects Determination: The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and
large insects significantly exceed the acute LOG for all chlorpyrifos uses.
Potential for Indirect Effects
Indirect Effects Determination: No acceptable terrestrial plant studies are
available; based on incident data the potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Potential for Direct Effects
Terrestrial-phase (Juveniles and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs
for the majority of uses of chlorpyrifos.
Potential for Indirect Effects
Terrestrial prey items, riparian habitat
Indirect Effects Determination: Avian acute and chronic RQs exceed LOCs for all uses
of chlorpyrifos. Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs for the majority
of uses of chlorpyrifos. The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and large
insects significantly exceed the acute LOG for all chlorpyrifos uses. No
acceptable terrestrial plant studies are available; based on incident data the
potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L =
LOG not exceeded for any use...
Potential for Direct Effects
Aquatic-phase (Eggs, Larvae, and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis NOAEC =
<0.1 ug/L;LOC exceeded for 46/47 uses of chlorpyrifos.
Terrestrial-phase (Juveniles and Adults):
Direct Effects Determination: See description above (CRLF) for direct effects on
birds as surrogate for terrestrial phase amphibians
Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Prev:
- Based on consumption of aquatic prey that is predicted to bioaccumulate
chlorpyrifos, chronic RQs were exceeded using the KABAM model.
Potential for Indirect Effects
Aquatic prey items, aquatic habitat, cover and/or primary productivity
Indirect Effects Determination: Blackfly, Simulium vittatum 7S-7LC50 = 0.06 ug/L;
LOC exceeded for ALL uses, and Daphnid, Daphnia magna NOAEC = 0.04 ug/L; LOC
exceeded for ALL uses
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L =
LOC not exceeded for any use..
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Table 1.1 Effects Determination Summary for Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the CRLF and SFB
Species
- Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley
elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly
Species
Effects
Determination 1
Basis for Determination
Terrestrial prey items, riparian habitat
Indirect Effects Determination: Avian acute and chronic RQs exceed LOCs for all uses
of chlorpyrifos. Acute and chronic mammalian RQs exceed LOCs for the majority
of uses of chlorpyrifos. The terrestrial invertebrate RQs for both small and large
insects significantly exceed the acute LOG for all chlorpyrifos uses. No
acceptable terrestrial plant studies are available; based on incident data the
potential for indirect effects is presumed.
Delta smelt
(Hypomesus
transpacificus)
LAA
Direct Effects Determination: Freshwater Habitat: Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis
macrochirus LC50 =1.8 ug/L; LOC exceeded for 46/47 uses; Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas NOAEC = 0.57 ug/L, LOC exceeded for 25/47 uses.
Saltwater Habitat: Tidewater silverside,Me«/W/a peninsulae LC50 = 0.7 ug/L,
LOC exceeded for 45/47 uses; and Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia
NOAEC = 0.28 ug/L, LOC exceeded for 42/47 uses
Aquatic:, prey items and primary productivity.
Indirect Effects Determination: Freshwater Food: Blackfly, Simulium vittatum IS-7
LC50 = 0.06 ug/L; LOC exceeded for ALL uses, and Daphnid, Daphnia magna NOAEC
= 0.04 ug/L; LOC exceeded for ALL uses
Saltwater Food: Mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia, LC50 = 0.035 ug/L, LOC exceeded
for ALL uses; and NOAEC = 0.0046 ug/L, LOC exceeded for ALL uses
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L =
LOC not exceeded for any use..
California
freshwater shrimp
(Syncaris pacified)
LAA
Direct Effects: Daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia LC50 = 0.07 ug/L; LOC exceeded for
ALL uses; also Daphnid, Daphnia magna NOAEC = 0.04 ug/L; LOC exceeded for ALL
registered uses of chlorpyrifos.
Indirect Effects/Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50
- 140 ug/L = LOC not exceeded for any use..
1 No effect (NE); May affect, but not likely to adversely affect (NLAA); May affect, likely to adversely affect
(LAA)
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Table 1.2 Effects Determination Summary for the Critical Habitat Impact AnalysisEffects
Determination Summary for the Critical Habitat Impact Analysis
Designated
Critical Habitat
for:
Effects
Determination
Basis for Determination
California red-
legged frog
(Rana aurora
draytonii)
HM1
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L
= LOG not exceeded for any use.. This was the only plant data considered. EPA's
determination of LAA is based on incident data linking chlorpyrifos to adverse
effects on plant species.
Bay checkerspot
butterfly (BCB)
(Euphydryas editha
bayensis)
HM
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L
= LOG not exceeded for any use.. This was the only plant data considered. EPA's
determination of LAA is based on incident data linking chlorpyrifos to adverse
effects on plant species.
Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle
(Desmocerus
californicus
dimorphus)
HM
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L
= LOG not exceeded for any use.. This was the only plant data considered. EPA's
determination of LAA is based on incident data linking chlorpyrifos to adverse
effects on plant species.
California tiger
salamander
(Ambystoma
californiense)
HM
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L
= LOG not exceeded for any use.. This was the only plant data considered. EPA's
determination of LAA is based on incident data linking chlorpyrifos to adverse
effects on plant species.
Delta smelt
(Hypomesus
transpacificus)
HM
Primary Productivity Determination: Alga, Isochrysis galbana, EC50 - 140 ug/L
= LOG not exceeded for any use.. This was the only plant data considered. EPA's
determination of LAA is based on incident data linking chlorpyrifos to adverse
effects on plant species.
Habitat Modification.
Based on the conclusions of this assessment, a formal consultation with the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act should be initiated to seek
concurrence with the LAA determinations for the CRLF and all SFB species covered by this
assessment and to determine whether there are reasonable and prudent alternatives and/or
measures to reduce and/or eliminate potential incidental take.
When evaluating the significance of this risk assessment's direct/indirect and adverse habitat
modification effects determinations, it is important to note that pesticide exposures and predicted
risks to the species and its resources (i.e., food and habitat) are not expected to be uniform across
the action area. In fact, given the assumptions of drift and downstream transport (i.e., attenuation
with distance), pesticide exposure and associated risks to the species and its resources are
expected to decrease with increasing distance away from the treated field or site of application.
Evaluation of the implication of this non-uniform distribution of risk to the species would require
information and assessment techniques that are not currently available. Examples of such
information and methodology required for this type of analysis would include the following:
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Enhanced information on the density and distribution of CRLF and SFB species
life stages within the action area and/or applicable designated critical habitat.
This information would allow for quantitative extrapolation of the present risk
assessment's predictions of individual effects to the proportion of the population
extant within geographical areas where those effects are predicted. Furthermore,
such population information would allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of
the significance of potential resource impairment to individuals of the assessed
species.
Quantitative information on prey base requirements for the assessed species.
While existing information provides a preliminary picture of the types of food
sources utilized by the assessed species, it does not establish minimal
requirements to sustain healthy individuals at varying life stages. Such
information could be used to establish biologically relevant thresholds of effects
on the prey base, and ultimately establish geographical limits to those effects.
This information could be used together with the density data discussed above to
characterize the likelihood of adverse effects to individuals.
Information on population responses of prey base organisms to the pesticide.
Currently, methodologies are limited to predicting exposures and likely levels of
direct mortality, growth or reproductive impairment immediately following
exposure to the pesticide. The degree to which repeated exposure events and the
inherent demographic characteristics of the prey population play into the extent to
which prey resources may recover is not predictable. An enhanced understanding
of long-term prey responses to pesticide exposure would allow for a more refined
determination of the magnitude and duration of resource impairment, and together
with the information described above, a more complete prediction of effects to
individual species and potential modification to critical habitat.
2 Problem Formulation
Problem formulation provides a strategic framework for the risk assessment. By identifying the
important components of the problem, it focuses the assessment on the most relevant life history
stages, habitat components, chemical properties, exposure routes, and endpoints. The structure
of this risk assessment is based on guidance contained in U.S. EPA's Guidance for Ecological
Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1998), the Services' Endangered Species Consultation Handbook
(USFWS/NMFS 1998) and is consistent with procedures and methodology outlined in the
Overview Document (U.S. EPA, 2004) and reviewed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
National Marine Fisheries Service (USFWS/NMFS 2004).
2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this endangered species assessment is to evaluate potential direct and indirect
effects on individuals of the federally threatened California red-legged frog (Rana aurora
draytonii) (CRLF) and SFB species arising from FIFRA regulatory actions regarding use of
chlorpyrifos on a larger variety of agricultural and non-agricultural uses. In addition, this
16
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assessment evaluates whether use on these use sites is expected to result in modification of
designated critical habitat for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS (only five of the species
have designated critical habitat). This ecological risk assessment has been prepared consistent
with the settlement agreements in two court cases. The first case referring to the CRLF is the
Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) vs. EPA et al. (Case No. 02-1580-JSW(JL)) settlement
entered in Federal District Court for the Northern District of California on October 20, 2006. The
second case referring to the and SFB species is the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) vs.
EPA et al. (Case No. 07-2794-JCS).
In this assessment, direct and indirect effects to the CRLF and SFB species and potential
modification to designated critical habitat for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS are
evaluated in accordance with the methods described in the Agency's Overview Document (U.S.
EPA 2004). The effects determinations for each listed species assessed is based on a weight-of-
evidence method that relies heavily on an evaluation of risks to each taxon relevant to assess
both direct and indirect effects to the listed species and the potential for modification of their
designated critical habitat (i.e., a taxon-level approach). Screening level methods include use of
standard models such as PRZM-EXAMS, T-REX, TerrPlant, AgDRIFT, and AGDISP, all of
which are described at length in the Overview Document. Use of such information is consistent
with the methodology described in the Overview Document (USEPA, 2004), which specifies that
"the assessment process may, on a case-by-case basis, incorporate additional methods, models,
and lines of evidence that EPA finds technically appropriate for risk management objectives"
(Section V, page 31 of USEPA, 2004).
In accordance with the Overview Document, provisions of the ESA, and the Services'
Endangered Species Consultation Handbook, the assessment of effects associated with
registrations of chlorpyrifos is based on an action area. The action area is the area directly or
indirectly affected by the federal action, as indicated by the exceedence of the Agency's Levels
of Concern (LOCs). It is acknowledged that the action area for a national-level FIFRA
regulatory decision associated with a use of chlorpyrifos may potentially involve numerous areas
throughout the United States and its Territories. However, for the purposes of this assessment,
attention will be focused on relevant sections of the action area including those geographic areas
associated with locations of the CRLF and SFB species and their designated critical habitat
within the state of California. As part of the "effects determination," one of the following three
conclusions will be reached separately for each of the assessed species in the lawsuits regarding
the potential use of chlorpyrifos in accordance with current labels:
• "No effect";
• "May affect, but not likely to adversely affect"; or
• "May affect and likely to adversely affect".
Only the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS have designated critical habitats associated with
them. Designated critical habitat identifies specific areas that have the physical and biological
features, (known as primary constituent elements or PCEs) essential to the conservation of the
listed species. The PCEs for CRLF are aquatic and upland areas where suitable breeding and
non-breeding aquatic habitat is located, interspersed with upland foraging and dispersal habitat.
A complete description of the PCEs for each species assessed may be found in Table 2.5.
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If the results of initial screening-level assessment methods show no direct or indirect effects (no
LOG exceedances) upon individuals or upon the PCEs of the species' designated critical habitat,
a "no effect" determination is made for use of chlorpyrifos as it relates to each species and its
designated critical habitat. If, however, potential direct or indirect effects to individuals of each
species are anticipated or effects may impact the PCEs of the designated critical habitat, a
preliminary "may affect" determination is made for the FIFRA regulatory action regarding
chlorpyrifos.
If a determination is made that use of chlorpyrifos "may affect" a listed species or its designated
critical habitat, additional information is considered to refine the potential for exposure and for
effects to each species and other taxonomic groups upon which these species depend (e.g., prey
items). Additional information, including spatial analysis (to determine the geographical
proximity of the assessed species' habitat and chlorpyrifos use sites) and further evaluation of the
potential impact of chlorpyrifos on the PCEs is also used to determine whether modification of
designated critical habitat may occur. Based on the refined information, the Agency uses the
best available information to distinguish those actions that "may affect, but are not likely to
adversely affect" from those actions that "may affect and are likely to adversely affect" the
assessed listed species and/or result in "no effect" or potential modification to the PCEs of its
designated critical habitat. This information is presented as part of the Risk Characterization in
Section 5 of this document.
The Agency believes that the analysis of direct and indirect effects to listed species provides the
basis for an analysis of potential effects on the designated critical habitat. Because chlorpyrifos
is expected to directly impact living organisms within the action area (defined in Section 2.7),
critical habitat analysis for chlorpyrifos is limited in a practical sense to those PCEs of critical
habitat that are biological or that can be reasonably linked to biologically mediated processes
(i.e., the biological resource requirements for the listed species associated with the critical habitat
or important physical aspects of the habitat that may be reasonably influenced through biological
processes). Activities that may modify critical habitat are those that alter the PCEs and
appreciably diminish the value of the habitat. Evaluation of actions related to use of chlorpyrifos
that may alter the PCEs of the assessed species' critical habitat form the basis of the critical
habitat impact analysis. Actions that may affect the assessed species' designated critical habitat
have been identified by the Services and are discussed further in Section 2.6.
2.2 Scope
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate used as an insecticide on a wide variety of terrestrial food
and feed crops, terrestrial non-food crops, greenhouse food/non-food, and domestic indoor and
outdoor sites. There are currently 26 active registrants of chlorpyrifos with 99 active product
labels, which include formulated products and technical grade chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos may be
applied as a spray or as a granular insecticide. While foliar applications may be used,
chlorpyrifos is most often applied directly to soil and may be incorporated (many uses allow for
applications to both soil surface and soil incorporated and these methods have been assessed
separately where appropriate).
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The end result of the EPA pesticide registration process (i.e., the FIFRA regulatory action) is an
approved product label. The label is a legal document that stipulates how and where a given
pesticide may be used. Product labels (also known as end-use labels) describe the formulation
type (e.g., liquid or granular), acceptable methods of application, approved use sites, and any
restrictions on how applications may be conducted. Thus, the use or potential use of chlorpyrifos
in accordance with the approved product labels for California is "the action" relevant to this
ecological risk assessment.
Although current registrations of chlorpyrifos allow for use nationwide, this ecological risk
assessment and effects determination addresses currently registered uses of chlorpyrifos in
portions of the action area that are reasonably assumed to be biologically relevant to the CRLF
and SFB species and their designated critical habitat. Further discussion of the action area for
the CRLF and SFB species and their critical habitat is provided in Section 2.7.
The Agency does not routinely include, in its risk assessments, an evaluation of mixtures of
active ingredients, either those mixtures of multiple active ingredients in product formulations or
those in the applicator's tank. In the case of the product formulations of active ingredients (that
is, a registered product containing more than one active ingredient), each active ingredient is
subject to an individual risk assessment for regulatory decision regarding the active ingredient on
a particular use site. If effects data are available for a formulated product containing more than
one active ingredient, they may be used qualitatively or quantitatively in accordance with the
Agency's Overview Document and the Services' Evaluation Memorandum (U.S. EPA, 2004;
USFWS/NMFS, 2004).
Chlorpyrifos has registered products that contain multiple active ingredients. Analysis of the
available open literature and acute oral mammalian LD50 data for multiple active ingredient
products relative to the single active ingredient is provided in Appendix A. The results of this
analysis show that an assessment based on the toxicity of the single active ingredient of
chlorpyrifos is appropriate.
2.3 Previous Assessments
The Agency has conducted previous ecological risk assessments on chlorpyrifos that serve as a
basis for this problem formulation. Each of the previous risk assessments is briefly discussed
below.
Chlorpyrifos Interim Registration Eligibility Decision, 2002
The Agency completed a screening-level ecological risk assessment (dated October 1999 and
revised March and June 2000) in support of the Interim Reregi strati on Eligibility Decision (IRED)
for chlorpyrifos (U.S. EPA, 2002). Completion of the organophosphate (OP) cumulative
assessment (U.S. EPA, 2006b) resulted in finalization of the IRED as a Reregi strati on Eligibility
Decision (RED) (U.S. EPA, 2006a), which is described below.
The IRED assessment was based on data collected in the laboratory and in the field to
characterize the fate and ecotoxicological effects of chlorpyrifos. Data sources used in this
assessment included: 1) registrant submissions in support of reregi strati on, 2) publicly available
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literature on ecological effects, 3) surface water monitoring data, and 4) incident reports of
adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms associated with the use of chlorpyrifos.
Risk quotients (RQs) based on estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) derived from
both monitoring data and exposure modeling and the available toxicity information indicated that
a single application of chlorpyrifos posed high risks to small mammals, birds, fish and aquatic
invertebrate species for nearly all registered outdoor uses. Multiple applications of chlorpyrifos
resulted in higher estimated exposures and risks. Bioconcentration of chlorpyrifos in aquatic
environments was purported to result in additional acute and chronic risks to aquatic birds and
mammals feeding adjacent to treated areas.
The presumption of risk to non-target aquatic and terrestrial animals was supported by field
studies and adverse ecological incidents. Three extensive terrestrial field studies on corn in Iowa,
citrus in California, and golf courses in central Florida, report cholinesterase-inhibition effects
and chlorpyrifos-related mortality in non-target organisms. Chlorpyrifos-related mortalities were
reported in small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians as determined by measurable
chlorpyrifos residues in the carcasses. Measured chlorpyrifos levels on foliage samples and
water samples reported in all three studies generally exceeded the model-predicted exposures.
Aquatic field studies where chlorpyrifos has been applied directly to water for insect control
have shown adverse effects on non-target species, including fish recruitment and growth and
near elimination of some aquatic invertebrate populations.
Reports of incidents involving songbird kills and occasional fish kills mostly associated with
termite applications, particularly perimeter treatments. Wildlife incidents associated with lawn
care treatment with chlorpyrifos for soil insect control include the deaths of robins, starlings,
sparrows, geese, goslings, a bluebird, a cat, and fish.
Ecotoxicity data for the principal degradate of chlorpyrifos, 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP),
indicated that the degradate was no more toxic than the parent compound; thus, exposure
estimates for non-target aquatic organisms were estimated only for the parent chlorpyrifos.
Chlorpyrifos-oxon was not assessed quantitatively for either the ecological or the human health
risk assessment in support of the IRED.
Also as part of the IRED an extensive review of available surface water and groundwater
monitoring data was completed. Data sources included national scale assessment, state and local
data, open literature studies, and registrant submitted studies.
To mitigate ecological risks the technical registrants agreed to label amendments that included
the use of buffer zones to protect water quality, fish and wildlife, reductions in application rates,
number of applications per season, seasonal maximum amounts applied, and increases in the
minimum intervals for retreatment. In addition, the residential uses of chlorpyrifos were
eliminated, the termiticide use was phased out, and the application rate on golf courses has been
reduced from 4 to 1 Ib/ai/A. Additionally, no-spray buffers around surface water bodies, as well
as rate reductions for agricultural uses were implemented as a result of this IRED.
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Organophosphate Cumulative Assessment, and Chlorpyrifos Reregistration Eligibility
Decision, 2006
Because the Agency determined that chlorpyrifos shares a common mechanism of toxicity with
the structurally-related organophosphates insecticides, a cumulative human health risk
assessment for the organophosphate (OP) pesticides was necessary before the Agency could
make a final determination of reregi strati on eligibility of chlorpyrifos. This cumulative
assessment was finalized in 2006 (U.S. EPA, 2006b). The results of the Agency's ecological
assessments for chlorpyrifos are discussed in the July 31, 2006, final Reregistration Eligibility
Decision (RED) (U.S. EPA 2006a).
The OP cumulative relied on a combined assessment methodology of modeling and monitoring
data for human health exposure via drinking water. Unlike other assessments, the cumulative
approach focused on regions of high OP use. No ecological risks were evaluated in the OP
cumulative process. Unlike the IRED, the cumulative assessment included a qualitative
evaluation of the impact of oxon formation via drinking water treatment (i.e., chlorination)
effects. For chlorpyrifos, this included laboratory toxicity information which indicated that
chlorpyrifos-oxon was more toxic than the parent (Chambers and Carr, 1993).
Aquatic Life Criteria
The Clean Water Act requires the EPA to publish water quality criteria that accurately reflect the
latest scientific knowledge on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and welfare
which might be expected from the presence of pollutants in any body of water, including ground
water. An Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria document was published for chlorpyrifos
in 1986 (U.S. EPA, 1986). The recommendation of the document in regards to freshwater
aquatic life states the following: "Freshwater aquatic life should not be affected if the four-day
average concentration of chlorpyrifos does not exceed 0.041 micrograms per liter (ug/L) more
than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration of
chlorpyrifos does not exceed 0.083 ug/L more than once every three years on the average."
While these recommended criteria do not, in themselves, impose any requirements, states and
authorized tribes can use them to develop water quality standards.
WTC Lawsuit Biological Evaluation (BE)
In 2002 the United States District Court, Western District of Washington at Seattle ordered the
EPA to conduct effects determinations for 54 pesticides for listed salmonids in the states of
California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington (collectively the Pacific Northwest, PNW). On
March 31, 2003 OPP completed an evaluation of the risk to Endangered and Threatened Salmon
and Steelhead (EPA, 2003) from the registered use of chlorpyrifos in the PNW. In that
assessment OPP determined that the use of chlorpyrifos may affect 19 of 27 evolutionarily
significant units (ESU), had no effect on two ESU, and was not likely to adversely affect six
ESU.
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2.4 Stressor Source and Distribution
2.4.1 Environmental Fate Properties
The environmental fate database for parent chlorpyrifos is largely complete , however, there is
limited fate data for TCP and no fate data for chlorpyrifos oxon. The major route of dissipation
appears to be aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Abiotic hydrolysis, photodegradation, and
volatilization do not seem to play a significant role in the dissipation process. Based on available
data, chlorpyrifos appears to degrade slowly in soil under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Information on leaching and adsorption/desorption indicate that parent chlorpyrifos is largely
immobile. The environmental fate data for the major chlorpyrifos degradate, TCP, indicate that
it is mobile in soils and persistent in soils when not exposed to light. Available field data
indicate that chlorpyrifos has a half-life in the field of less than 60 days, with little or no leaching
observed. Because of its low water solubility and high soil binding capacity, there is potential
for chlorpyrifos sorbed to soil to runoff into surface water via erosion. Chlorpyrifos has the
potential to bioaccumulate in fish and other aquatic organisms and enter the aquatic food web.
Chlorpyrifos may oxidize in the environment to form chlorpyrifos-oxon (the oxon was not
identified in any submitted fate studies but has been documented to occur in monitoring data).
Studies have shown chlorprifos oxon can form up to nearly 100% of parent from drinking water
treatment. Lesser amounts of oxon formation are expected in other media (soil, air, and surface
water) however, insufficient data are currently available to quantify this amount.
The major pathway of degradation begins with cleavage of the phosphorus ester bond to yield
TCP. Cleavage degradates, such as TCP and analogs were the only degradates identified in the
submitted environmental fate studies. The degradate 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol is more
persistent and mobile that chlorpyrifos and has been found to form up to 30% of the parent in
aerobic soil metabolism studies suggesting it can form in the environment. This degradate is also
a degradation product of triclopyr.
Chlorpyrifos-oxon, a minor degradation product of chlorpyrifos, has been detected in
environmental samples, including drinking water, surface water and precipitation. Toxicity data
based on human health studies4 indicate that chlorpyrifos oxon is roughly 10 times more toxic
than parent chlorpyrifos. Additional chlorpyrifos-oxon aquatic and terrestrial toxicity data are
needed to reduce the uncertainty in the ecological risk assessment (see Section VII.G.2).
Results of field dissipation data indicate that chlorpyrifos is moderately persistent under field
conditions. Calculated half-lives for chlorpyrifos were 33 to 56 days in three medium-textured
soils planted to field corn in California, Illinois, and Michigan. In a field study conducted in an
orange grove planted on sandy, low organic matter soil, the calculated half-lives were 1.3 to 4,
7.3 to <27, and 1.4 to <32 days following the first, second, and third applications, respectively.
Chlorpyrifos declined to <0.1 ppm (detection limit) by day 27 following the second treatment,
and by day 32 following the third treatment; chlorpyrifos was not detected below the 6-inch soil
depth. Chlorpyrifos dissipated with initial phase (days 0 to 28) half-lives of 6.5 to 11.4 days and
secondary phase (days 28 to 120) half-lives of 24 to 38.3 days when applied to fallow and turf-
4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Organophosphate Cumulative Risk Assessment.
http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrdl/cumulative/2006-op/index.htm
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covered soils in Florida and Indiana. Neither chlorpyrifos nor it's degradates were detected
(<0.01 ug/g) below soil depths of 10 to 15 cm.
In both the IRED and OP cumulative risk assessments a large body of surface water monitoring
data were available to assess the potential for exposure to humans via ingestion of drinking water
and for direct and indirect effects to non-target aquatic organisms. Sources of data evaluated
include national data sets (e.g. United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality
Assessment Program (NAWQA)), state and local data (e.g. California Department of Pesticide
Regulation (CDPR)), open literature data, as well as registrant submitted studies. In all cases,
the data suggest that chlorpyrifos is less frequently detected in surface waters than other widely
used pesticides, and the detected concentrations are generally less than those predicted by
modeling. These data along with more recently available data will be evaluated as part of the
ecological and human health risk assessments. In addition, for human health risk assessment
purposes, this evaluation will include a search for data on chlorpyrifos degradates of concern,
such as TCP and chlorpyrifos-oxon.
Surface water monitoring data are available for chlorpyrifos from the USGS NAWQA. Because
the sampling times and locations were not targeted for chlorpyrifos use areas and the sampling
frequency was not designed to capture maximum concentrations, the reported concentrations of
chlorpyrifos are not expected to be the most conservative exposure concentration. The reported
peak concentration of chlorpyrifos in surface water is 0.57 |ig/L (Table 2.1). Although the peak
concentration of chlorpyrifos in ground water is reported as less than 0.5 |ig/L, the maximum
qualified detection of chlorpyrifos is 0.210 |ig/L. Detection frequencies of chlorpyrifos ranged
from 17.18 % in surface water to 0.48% in ground water. Although chlorpyrifos was detected at
a maximum concentration of 0.034 |ig/L in raw drinking water in the USGS-EPA Pilot reservoir
monitoring program (Blomquist et al., 2001), there were no detections of chlorpyrifos or
chlorpyrifos-oxon in finished drinking water. Additionally, there were no monitoring data for
TCP.
Table 2.1 Distribution of chlorpyrifos concentrations from surface water and ground water
monitoring data (USGS NAWQA, 2007)
Data
Surface
Water
Ground
Water
#of
samples
20749
9626
%
Detects
17.18
0.48
Percentile
Maximum
0.57
<0.50
99.9
0.5
0.5
99
0.067756
0.005
95
0.016
0.005
90
0.008
0.005
80
0.005
0.005
70
0.005
0.005
60
0.005
0.004
50
0.004
0.004
Recent studies have demonstrated that chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon have been detected in
surface waters far removed from the site of application (Sparling et al., 2001 as an example). As
part of this assessment, available monitoring from the open literature will be evaluated to assess
the potential impacts of atmospheric transport other than spray drift on human health and non-
target organisms.
In water bodies, chlorpyrifos is expected to persist in the water column; it is also expected that
chlorpyrifos will partition to and persist in sediment. Thus, acute and chronic risks may exist to
organisms residing in the water column and in sediment. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) greater
23
-------
than 1,000 in rainbow trout exposed to 0.30 ppb chlorpyrifos in a 28-day flow-through study
(1,280 for edible tissues, 2,727 for whole fish, and 3,903 for viscera) and in eastern oysters
(2,500 for edible tissues, 3,900 for viscera, and 1,900 for whole body) indicate some potential for
bioaccumulation especially for predatory animals and piscivorous birds.
The estimated log octanol-air partition coefficient (Log KOA) of 8.882 (EPIsuite, v.3.20) suggests
that bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in air breathing organisms is possible (Kelly et al., 2007).
Potential bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in air breathing organisms was considered in this risk
assessment using the KABAM model.
Table 2.2 lists the physical/chemical properties for chlorpyrifos and Table 2.3 lists the
environmental fate properties of chlorpyrifos, along with the major and minor degradates
detected in the submitted environmental fate and transport studies.
TABLE 2.2 Physical/chemical properties of chlorpyrifos
Property
Structure
Synonyms
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
SMILES notation
CAS number
Odor
form
Melting point
Water solubility (mg/L)
Log Kow
Vapor pressure (mm Hg) at 25 °C
Henry's Law constant (atm-
nrVmol)
Bioconcentration factor (BCF)
Value
Cl
ci (( )) o
V-x/ \ /0-^/
/ — N
-------
Table 2.3 Summary of Chlorpyrifos Environmental Fate Properties
Study
Hydrolysis
Direct
Aqueous
Photolysis
Soil
Photolysis
Aerobic Soil
Metabolism
Anaerobic
Soil
Metabolism
Anaerobic
Aquatic
Metabolism
Aerobic
Aquatic
Metabolism
Kd-ads / Kd_des
(mL/g)
J^oc- ads ' -^S^c-des
(mL/g)
Terrestrial
Field
Dissipation
Aquatic Field
Dissipation
Value (units)
pH5: 72 days
pH7: 72 days
pH9: 16 days
29.6 days @ pH 7
Stable
11 to 180 days
3 9 to 51 days (2 soils)
No data
No data
50 to 260
360 to 3 1000
33 to 56 days
1.3-4, 7.3-<27, and 1.4-<32 days
6.5-1 1.4 days and secondary
phase (days 28-120) half-lives of
24-38.3 days
No data
Major Degradates
Minor Degradates
TCP
O-ethyl O-(3,5, 6-trichloro-
2-pyridinol)
phosphorothioate,
none
none
TCP
3,5, 6-trichloro-2-
methoxypyridine
TCP and hydroxy-
chlorpyrifos
MRID#
00155577
41747206
42495403
43509201
00025619
42144911
42144912
00025619
00155636
00155637
40050401
41892801
41892802
42493901
40059001
40356608
40395201
42874703
42874704
42924801
42924802
Study Status
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
25
-------
2.4.2 Environmental Transport Mechanisms
The major route of dissipation appears to be aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. Abiotic
hydrolysis under neutral and acidic conditions, photodegradation, and volatilization do not seem
to play a significant role in the dissipation process. Under alkaline conditions (pH 9), hydrolysis
of chlorpyrifos occurs more rapidly with a half-life of approximately 2 weeks. Based on
available data, chlorpyrifos appears to degrade slowly in soil under both aerobic and anaerobic
conditions. However, the half life appears to vary over about two orders of magnitude (from a
few days to well over 100 days and typically greater than 200 days for termiticidal uses (though
this use has been phased out) depending on soil type, environmental conditions, and possibly
previous use history at the treatment site. Information on leaching and adsorption/desorption
indicate that parent chlorpyrifos is largely immobile. The environmental fate of the major
chlorpyrifos degradate, TCP, indicates that it is mobile in soils and persistent in soils when not
exposed to light. Available field data indicate that chlorpyrifos has a half-life in the field of less
than 60 days, with little or no leaching observed. Volatilization from soil and water surfaces is
expected to occur slowly; however, chlorpyrifos has been detected in air samples several
kilometers from its application site suggesting that some volatilization and atmospheric transport
may occur. Because of its low water solubility and high soil binding capacity, there is potential
for chlorpyrifos sorbed to soil to be transported into surface water via erosion. Chlorpyrifos has
the potential to bioaccumulate in fish and other aquatic organisms and enter the aquatic food
web. Chlorpyrifos residues in aquatic species may result in dietary exposure for aquatic birds
and mammals feeding on aquatic organisms. Chlorpyrifos rapidly depurates from fish when
aquatic exposures cease.
Potential transport mechanisms include pesticide surface water runoff, spray drift, and secondary
drift of volatilized or soil-bound residues leading to deposition onto nearby or more distant
ecosystems. Surface water runoff and spray drift are expected to be the major routes of exposure
for chlorpyrifos.
A number of studies have documented atmospheric transport and re-deposition of pesticides
from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountains (Fellers et al., 2004, Sparling et al.,
2001, LeNoir et al., 1999, and McConnell et al., 1998). Prevailing winds blow across the Central
Valley eastward to the Sierra Nevada Mountains, transporting airborne industrial and agricultural
pollutants into the Sierra Nevada ecosystems (Fellers et al., 2004, LeNoir et al., 1999, and
McConnell et al., 1998). Several sections of the range and critical habitat for the CLRF and SFB
species are located east of the Central Valley. The magnitude of transport via secondary drift
depends on the chlorpyrifos's ability to be mobilized into air and its eventual removal through
wet and dry deposition of gases/particles and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.
Therefore, physicochemical properties of chlorpyrifos that describe its potential to enter the air
from water or soil (e.g., Henry's Law constant and vapor pressure), pesticide use data, modeled
estimated concentrations in water and air, and available air monitoring data from the Central
Valley and the Sierra Nevada are considered in evaluating the potential for atmospheric transport
of chlorpyrifos to locations where it could impact the CRLF and SFB species.
26
-------
In general, deposition of drifting or volatilized pesticides is expected to be greatest close to the
site of application. Computer models of spray drift (AgDRIFT and/or AGDISP) are used to
determine potential exposures to aquatic and terrestrial organisms via spray drift.
2.4.3 Mechanism of Action
Chlorpyrifos (CAS number 2921-88-2; PC Code 059101) [0,0-diethyl 0-3,5,6-trichloro-
2-pyridyl phosphorothioate] is an insecticide belonging to the organophosphate class of
pesticides. The pesticide acts through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and is used to kill a
broad range of insects and mites. Organophosphate toxicity is based on the inhibition of the
enzyme acetylcholinesterase which cleaves the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Inhibition of
acetylcholinesterase by organophosphate insecticides, such as chlorpyrifos, interferes with
proper neurotransmission in cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions (U.S. EPA 2000).
2.4.4 Use Characterization
Chlorpyrifos is used as an insecticide on a wide variety of terrestrial food and feed crops,
terrestrial non-food crops, greenhouse food/non-food, and domestic indoor and outdoor sites.
There are currently 26 active registrants of chlorpyrifos with 99 active product labels, which
include formulated products and technical grade chlorpyrifos. Based on usage data provided by
the Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD), on average, roughly 8 million pounds
of chlorpyrifos were applied to about 180 million acres of agricultural crops in the United States
between 2000 and 2006. The largest terrestrial crop usage was for corn, with roughly 3 million
pounds of active ingredient applied, representing greater than 40% of its total crop usage.
Chlorpyrifos may be applied as a spray or as a granular insecticide. While foliar applications
may be used, chlorpyrifos is most often applied directly to soil and incorporated (for some uses)
to a depth ranging from 0.5 to 4 inches prior to planting. The application rates vary according to
the intended use. Registered non-crop uses of chlorpyrifos include termiticide, turf, golf courses,
cattle ear tags, turkey farms, ultra low volume (ULV) mosquito adulticide, ornamental sites,
indoor pest control, and pet tick and flea products. In 2002, approximately 25% of the total
volume of chlorpyrifos was used for control of subterranean termites. However, as of December
31, 2005, chlorpyrifos products were banned for use in pre-construction termite control (U.S.
EPA 2006a). In addition, retail sale of chlorpyrifos products labeled for use in and around
homes in the United States were discontinued December 31, 2001.
The EFED has previously grouped the various chlorpyrifos uses into ten categories based on
similarities of crops grown, field conditions, and non-crop uses. These "groups" formed the
basis for assessing risk to non-target species in the IRED. The current assessment relies on a
more expansive set of modeling scenarios and thus the original "grouping" approach has been
revised. The revised approach is discussed in more detail in Section VII. Chlorpyrifos may be
applied as spray or as a granular insecticide. The application rates and aerial or ground
application vary according to the intended use.
Analysis of labeled use information is the critical first step in evaluating the federal action. The
current label for chlorpyrifos represents the FIFRA regulatory action; therefore, labeled use and
application rates specified on the label form the basis of this assessment. The assessment of use
27
-------
information is critical to the development of the action area and selection of appropriate
modeling scenarios and inputs.
Chlorpyrifos is currently registered for a wide variety of agricultural and non-agricultural uses.
As such, EFED in consultation with the Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (PRD) and the
Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) have developed a current list of all
registered uses. The attached summary was verified in a memorandum from PRD and BEAD
dated August 6, 2009 and confirms that all mitigations implemented subsequent to the RED have
been implemented and are reflected in the following labeled use summary. EFED has outlined a
modeling approach for aquatic exposures that associates a PRZM/EXAMS modeling scenario (or
scenarios where more than one exists for a particular use) for all uses. Where possible, EFED
has attempted to "bin" uses in order to simplify the exposure assessment. Where multiple
scenarios exist for a use or suite of uses, EFED has indicated in the following tables which
scenario will be used initially for conducting the exposure assessment. Depending on the results
of the initial screen, a decision will be made during the analysis phase of the risk assessment as
to whether additional modeling of other scenarios is needed to provide a spatial context to risk.
Chlorpyrifos currently has three distinct formulation types - liquid, granular, and flowable
concentrate. Though the flowable concentrate seed treatment use is expected to yield
significantly lower exposures than the liquid and granular formulations the uses have been
assessed quantitatively to provide a lower bound on expected exposures. Chlorpyrifos uses are
summarized in the following tables by formulation type including Table 2.4 (Liquid
Formulations), Table 2.5 (Granular Formulations), and Table 2.6 (Flowable Concentrate
Formulations).
28
-------
Table 2.4 Liquid
Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Alfalfa (Clover)
Asparagus
Christmas Trees (Nurseries &
Plantations)
Citrus Fruits
Citrus Orchard Floors (Fire Ants
& Other Ant Species)
Cole Crop
(Brassica) Leafy
Vegetables and
Radish, Rutabaga
and Turnip
General
Cauliflower
(Brassica)
Brussels
Sprouts
Application
Method
broadcast foliar spray -
aerial or ground;
chemigation
ground broadcast foliar
- aerial or ground
foliar spray - ground
concentrate or dilute
spray
ground broadcast spray;
chemigation
aerial or ground foliar
application; soil
application
soil application
foliar spray
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1
1.5
1
4
2
3
1
1
Maximum
No. Apps.
4
o
3
o
3
2
3
3
1
3
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
10
10
7
30
10
10
N/A
10
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
4
o
5
o
5
7.5
3
6
1
3
Geographic
Restrictions
6 Ibs/acre
application rate only
allowed in CA
counties: Fresno,
Tulare, Kern, Kings,
Stanislaus, and
Madera
Other
Restrictions
1 preharvest
2 postharvest
phytotoxicity
3 qt/gal for pales
weevil
In CA & AZ, do
not use in
combo with
spray oil when
temps < 95; do
not apply in dec,
jan, or feb
3 Ibs max app
rate for
Lorsban-4E
29
-------
Table 2.4 Liquid Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Broccoli,
Cabbage,
Chinese
Cabbage,
Collar,
Kale,
Kohlrabi,
Turnip
Radish
Rutabaga
Corn (Field Corn and Sweet
Corn)
Cotton
Cranberry
Fig
Application
Method
soil application
soil application
soil application
broadcast spray - aerial
or ground;
chemigation
broadcast foliar spray -
aerial or ground;
chemigation
broadcast foliar spray;
chemigation
dormant application,
broadcast spray -
ground, incorporate
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2.25
2.75
2.25
1
1
1.5
2
Maximum
No. Apps.
1
1
1
o
J
3
2
1
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
N/A
N/A
N/A
10
10
10
N/A
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2.25
2.75
2.25
o
J
3
o
J
2
Geographic
Restrictions
use in CA only
Other
Restrictions
do not use
rutabaga tops
for food or feed
purposes.
specific rates for
AZ and CA
30
-------
Table 2.4 Liquid Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Grape
Legume Vegetables (Succulent or
Dried) (Except Soybean)
(Includes: bean, blackeyed pea,
chickpea, field bean, field pea,
garden pea, lima bean, kidney bean,
lentil, navy bean, pea, pinto bean)
Mint
Onion (Dry Bulb)
Orchard Floors (Ant Control in
Almond, Pecan and Walnut)
Peanut
Pear
Application
Method
soil surface
application(application
rate in Ibs/lOOgal)
prebloom spray drench
ground application
preplant incorporated
broadcast spray -
ground; broadcast spray
- ground
broadcast spray -
chemigation
soil drench spray - at
plant
soil drench spray - post
plant
ground broadcast spray;
chemigation
preplant broadcast
spray, soil incorporation
postharvest application
ground spray
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2.25
1
0.5
2
1
1
2
2
2
Maximum
No. Apps.
1
1
1
3
1
1
5
2
1
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10
NS
N/A
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2.25
1
0.5
6
1
1
5
4
2
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
do not allow
spray to contact
fruit or foliage
1 preplant
1 growing
season
1 postplant
Some labels
indicate ability
to use 4 Ibs ai/A
once
1 preplant
1 postplant
31
-------
Table 2.4 Liquid Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Sorghum - Grain Sorghum (Milo)
Soybean
Strawberry
Sugarbeet
Sunflower
Sweet Potato
Tobacco
Application
Method
postemergence
broadcast spray - aerial
or ground; chemigation
soil - ground broadcast
spray;
foliar - broadcast spray -
aerial or ground;
chemigation - broadcast
preplant incorporation -
uniform soil coverage
foliar - broadcast;
postharvest - directed
spray
soil - incorporated;
postemergence -
broadcast or banded
foliar spray; broadcast -
aerial or ground;
chemigation;
banded foliar - lightly
incorporated
preplant incorporation -
broadcast ground spray
postemergence -
broadcast spray - aerial
or ground
preplant broadcast spray
- incorporate
preplant broadcast spray
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1
1
2
1
1
2
1.5
2
2
Maximum
No. Apps.
o
J
3
1
2
o
J
o
J
o
J
1
1
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
10
14
10
10
10
10
10
N/A
N/A
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1.5
3
2
2
o
J
o
J
o
J
2
2
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
32
-------
Table 2.4 Liquid Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Tree Fruit and
(Dormant/Delayed
Dormant Sprays)
Almond,
nectarine,
peach, pear,
plum, prune
Apple
Tree Fruit and Tree Nuts (Foliar
Sprays) (Includes: almond, sour
cherry, filbert, pecan, walnut)
Tree Nuts (Foliar Sprays)
(Includes: almond, filbert, pecan,
walnut)
Application
Method
dormant or delayed
dormant spray
dormant/delayed
dormant spray
foliar spray - aerial (less
effective) or ground
foliar spray - aerial (less
effective) or ground
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2
2
2
2
Maximum
No. Apps.
1
2
o
J
3
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
N/A
10
10
10
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2
4
6
4
Geographic
Restrictions
do not apply on
almonds in these CA
counties: Butte,
Colusa, Glenn,
Solano Sutler
Tehama, Yolo, and
Yuba
Other
Restrictions
post-bloom
application
prohibited
do not use foliar
sprays on sweet
cherries; sour
cherries can be
sprayed up to 8
times
only 2
applications on
walnuts
33
-------
Table 2.4 Liquid Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Tree Fruit and Tree Nuts (Trunk
Spray or Preplant Dip) (Includes:
cherry, almond, peach, nectarine)
Wheat1
Other Uses |
Ant Mounds
General Pest Control (warehouses,
ship holds, railroad boxcars,
industrial plants, manufacturing
plants, and food processing plants)
Lumber, Logs, and other Wood
Products (Fence posts, utility poles,
railroad ties, landscape timbers,
lumber, logs, pallets, poles, posts,
wooden containers, and processed
wood products)
Ornamentals Grown in Nurseries
Application
Method
coarse, low pressure
spray
(application rate in
lbs/100 gal)
foliar - aerial or ground
spray; chemigation
sprinkle over mound
localized spray
dip, spray, brush,
pressure and in-place
hand or power operated
spray equipment
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1.5
0.5
2
1
1
2
Maximum
No. Apps.
3
2
2
NS
NS
NS
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
10
NS
10
7
NS
NS
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
4.5
1
4
NS
NS
NS
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
only 1
application in
peaches and
nectarines, 14
day min app
interval for
Lorsban
14 days for
grazing
possible
phytotoxicity
34
-------
Table 2.4 Liquid Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Ornamentals (Pre-Plant
Incorporation Treatment of Field
Grown Nursery Stock)
Road Median
Turf grass
Application
Method
broadcast spray,
incorporate
hydraulic, knapsack
sprayer or other hand or
power spray equipment
spray
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
4
1
4
Maximum
No. Apps.
NS
NS
NS
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
NS
NS
7
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
NS
NS
NS
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
1 - Labeled buffers for wheat are 300 ft for aerial and 30 ft for ground applications
2 - Source: Texas A&M Fire Ant Program and other sources have reported that there can be 200 or more mounds per acre (http://fireant.tamu.edu/ &
http://www.safe2use.com/pests/fireants/fireantsl.htm').
35
-------
Table 2.5 Granular Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Alfalfa (Clover)
Asparagus
Citrus Orchard Floors
(Fire Ants & Other Ant
Species)
Cole Crop
(Brassica)
Leafy
Vegetables
and
Radish,
Rutabaga
and Turnip
Corn (Field
General
Radish
Corn and
Sweet Corn)
Onion (Dry Bulb)
Application
Method
in-furrow
postharvest ground
application
ground broadcast
spray; chemigation
at-plant T-band,
incorporated
at-plant in-furrow
at-plant T-band, at-
plant in-furrow,
postplant, postplant
broadcast
at-plant, in-furrow
treatment -
incorporated
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1
1
1
2.25
2.76
1
1
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
N/A
10
10
N/A
N/A
10
N/A
Maximum
No. Apps.
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1
3
3
2.25
2.76
3
1
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
10 days
application
interval if using
other chlorpyrifos
formulation;
do not use
rutabaga tops for
food or feed
purposes
36
-------
Table 2.5 Granular Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Peanut
Sorghum - Grain
Sorghum (Milo)
Soybean
Sugarbeet
Sunflower
Sweet Potato
Tobacco
Other Uses
Application
Method
at-plant preventive,
postplant
preventive, band
rescue -
incorporated
at-plant T-band,
incorporated
at-plant T-band,
incorporated
at-plant T-band -
incorporated,
postemergence band
- incorporated
at-plant T-band
preplant broadcast -
incorporated
preplant broadcast -
incorporated
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2
1.5
1.2
2
1.3
2
2.025
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
10
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Maximum
No. Apps.
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
4
1.5
1.2
2
1.3
2
2.025
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
aerial application
prohibited
10 days between
granular and
foliar application
with Lorsban-4E
do not apply as
in-furrow
treatment;
10 days between
granular and
foliar application
with Lorsban-4E
10 days between
granular and
foliar application
with Lorsban-4E
10 days between
granular and
foliar application
with Lorsban-4E
37
-------
Table 2.5 Granular Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Ant Mounds
Lumber, Logs, and
other Wood Products
(Fence posts, utility
poles, railroad ties,
landscape timbers,
lumber, logs, pallets,
poles, posts, wooden
containers, and processed
wood products)
Outdoor Nursery Uses
Processing Plants
Road Median
Warehouses, Food
Processing Sites,
Industrial Plant Sites,
Manufacturing Plant
Sites
Application
Method
sprinkle over
mound
dip, spray, brush,
pressure and in-
place treatment
uniform distribution
of granules
spot or
crack/crevice
treatments
hydraulic, knapsack
sprayer or other
hand or power spray
equipment
hand or power
operated gravity or
rotary type spreader
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1.6
oz/mound
1
6
1
1
1
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
7
Maximum
No. Apps.
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
only 6 Ibs ai/acre
for commercial
approved use, all
others 1 Ib ai/acre
38
-------
Table 2.5 Granular Chlorpyrifos Uses and Application Information
Use Site
Turf grass
Application
Method
hand or power
operated gravity or
rotary type spreader
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
1
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
7
Maximum
No. Apps.
NS
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
NS
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
39
-------
Table 2.6 Flowable Concentrate Chlorpyrifos Uses, Scenarios, and Application Information
Use
Legume Vegetables
(Includes only: Field beans,
green beans, kidney beans,
lima beans, navy beans, snap
beans, string beans, wax
beans, black-eyed peas, field
peas, garden peas)
Corn (Field and Sweet)
Cotton
Cucumbers
Pumpkins
Sorghum
Wheat
Outdoor Nursery Uses
Application
Method
liquid/slurry
treatment
liquid/slurry
treatment
liquid/slurry
treatment
liquid/slurry
treatment
liquid/slurry
treatment
liquid/slurry
treatment
liquid/slurry
treatment
Automatic
release
container
Maximum
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
2.75 fl oz/100
Ibs seed
2.75 fl oz/100
Ibs seed
5.5 fl oz/100 Ibs
seed
2.75 fl oz/100
Ibs seed
2.75 fl oz/100
Ibs seed
0.1 14 fl oz/100
Ibs seed
0.1 14 fl oz/100
Ibs seed
2
Maximum
No. Apps.
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Minimum
App.
Interval
(days)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
3
Maximum
Annual
App. Rate
(Ibs a.i./A)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Geographic
Restrictions
Other
Restrictions
add dye to prevent
accidental use as
food for man or
feed animals
8% chlorpyrifos
40
-------
A map (Figure 2.1) showing the estimated poundage of chlorpyrifos uses across the
United States is provided below. The map was downloaded from a U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS), National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) website.
CHLORPYRIFOS - insecticide
2002 estimated annual agricultural use
Average annual use of
active Ingredient
(pounds par square mile of agricultural
land in county)
U no estimated use
D 0.001 to 0.088
D 0.089 to 0.411
D 0.412 to 1.189
D 1.19 to 3.069
• >=3.07
Crops
corn
cotton
alfalfa hay
wheat for grain
citrus fruit
apples
peanuts
soybeans
pecans
tobacco
Total
pounds applied
3382851
671112
547472
525292
395331
324452
309580
241666
236935
201603
Percent
national use
40.84
8.10
6.61
6.34
4.78
3.92
3.74
2.92
2.86
2.43
Figure 2.1 Chlorpyrifos Use in Total Pounds per County
The Agency's Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) provides an analysis
of both national- and county-level usage information (Kaul and Jones, 2006) using state-
level usage data obtained from USDA-NASS5, Doane (www.doane.com: the full dataset
is not provided due to its proprietary nature) and the California's Department of Pesticide
Regulation Pesticide Use Reporting (CDPR PUR) database6. CDPR PUR is considered a
more comprehensive source of usage data than USDA-NASS or EPA proprietary
databases, and thus the usage data reported for chlorpyrifos by county in this California-
specific assessment were generated using CDPR PUR data. Seven years (1999-2006) of
usage data were included in this analysis. Data from CDPR PUR were obtained for every
pesticide application made on every use site at the section level (approximately one
square mile) of the public land survey system. BEAD summarized these data to the
United States Depart of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Chemical
Use Reports provide summary pesticide usage statistics for select agricultural use sites by chemical, crop
and state. See http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/estindxl.htm#agchem.
6 The California Department of Pesticide Regulation's Pesticide Use Reporting database provides a census
of pesticide applications in the state. See http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/purmain.htm.
41
-------
county level by site, pesticide, and unit treated. Calculating county-level usage involved
summarizing across all applications made within a section and then across all sections
within a county for each use site and for each pesticide. The county level usage data that
were calculated include: average annual pounds applied, average annual area treated, and
average and maximum application rate across all seven years. The units of area treated
are also provided where available.
Between 1999 and 2006 an average of approximately 1,600,000 Ibs of chlorpyrifos have
been applied across the state of California. Throughout this period total annual use has
varied from a high of 2.2 million Ibs (1999) to a low of 1.4 million Ibs (2002). During
this period across all uses chlorpyrifos has been applied with an average application rate
of 1.3 Ibs ai/acre and 2.6 Ib ai/acre at the 95th. A summary of chlorpyrifos usage for all
California counties is provided below in Table 2.7. The top use site in California for
chlorpyrifos is cotton with roughly 270,000 Ibs applied annually followed by almonds,
alfalfa, structural pest control, oranges, walnuts, broccoli, grapes, sugarbeets, and lemons.
The top twenty uses for the period between 1999 and 2006 are summarized in Table 2.8.
Table 2.7 Summary of CDPR PUR Use by County
County
ALAMEDA
AMADOR
BUTTE
CALAVERAS
COLUSA
CONTRA
COSTA
DEL NORTE
EL DORADO
FRESNO
GLENN
HUMBOLDT
IMPERIAL
KERN
KINGS
LAKE
LAS SEN
LOS ANGELES
MADERA
MARIPOSA
MENDOCINO
MERCED
Average
Annual
Pounds
Applied
108.5
177.5
33,734.9
299.9
7,012.7
1,808.3
0.3
36.3
319,333.5
18,571.8
18.5
80,522.7
201,610.2
158,175.6
2,162.4
664.0
1,141.7
44,284.4
0.1
1,844.4
58,137.1
Average
Annual
Area
Treated
1,105.26
232.97
18,764.31
239.40
6,077.11
2,167.05
1.06
18.44
266,587.76
13,778.60
49.72
143,460.78
173,195.18
194,322.47
1,578.56
984.93
1,227.19
30,528.82
1.25
1,301.03
52,406.78
Average
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
1.7
1.2
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.2
0.3
1.9
1.6
1.4
0.5
0.6
1.3
0.9
1.5
0.8
1.7
1.6
0.1
1.7
1.1
95 Percentile
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
3.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.5
2.5
3.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
5.9
2.0
2.1
2.0
6.3
4.0
0.1
2.0
2.0
99 Percentile
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
19.3
2.2
3.7
6.0
2.8
8.0
0.5
2.5
6.0
2.7
11.3
1.2
6.0
2.0
16.6
2.0
10.0
6.0
0.1
3.0
2.2
42
-------
Table 2.7 Summary of CDPR PUR Use by County
County
MODOC
MONTEREY
NAPA
NEVADA
ORANGE
PLACER
RIVERSIDE
SACRAMENTO
SAN BENITO
SAN
BERNARDINO
SAN DIEGO
SAN JOAQUIN
SAN LUIS
OBISPO
SAN MATEO
SANTA
BARBARA
SANTA CLARA
SANTA CRUZ
SHASTA
SISKIYOU
SOLANO
SONOMA
STANISLAUS
SUTTER
TEHAMA
TULARE
TUOLUMNE
VENTURA
YOLO
YUBA
Average
Annual
Pounds
Applied
1,272.3
57,776.0
1,266.9
0.0
1,869.3
1,549.8
23,058.9
4,213.1
4,442.2
1,924.0
2,868.2
65,750.9
14,417.2
1,690.0
34,405.8
1,855.6
6,869.2
1,762.6
1,635.1
10,085.3
3,332.2
81,132.6
21,220.4
12,404.8
239,287.3
57.6
50,775.5
17,628.5
10,060.1
Average
Annual
Area
Treated
1,475.25
43,271.15
699.98
0.13
2,713.49
836.68
41,475.02
4,143.15
3,813.38
3,018.22
4,123.98
61,751.39
11,053.61
2,046.78
29,246.69
1,638.97
5,860.41
1,017.69
2,302.25
8,930.21
2,281.48
55,055.67
13,094.35
7,661.67
162,889.89
44.88
25,566.91
21,405.77
5,338.19
Average
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
0.9
1.3
1.7
0.0
3.9
1.6
0.8
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.2
1.3
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.6
0.7
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.7
1.9
0.9
1.9
95 Percentile
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
1.8
2.2
2.5
0.0
15.7
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
1.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
6.0
2.0
4.1
2.0
2.1
99 Percentile
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
3.3
2.4
4.2
0.0
37.7
3.9
6.0
2.0
2.5
4.9
6.4
3.6
3.0
5.1
2.3
7.5
3.0
5.0
1.5
3.0
4.2
4.8
4.0
4.0
6.1
3.6
9.3
2.0
4.0
43
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Table 2.8 Summary of CDPR PUR Use by Crop/Use
Site
Site Name
COTTON
ALMOND
ALFALFA
ORANGE
WALNUT
BROCCOLI
GRAPE
SUGARBEET
LEMON
GRAPE, WINE
CORN (FORAGE - FODDER)
PEACH
NECTARINE
APPLE
PLUM
CAULIFLOWER
CORN, HUMAN CONSUMPTION
ASPARAGUS
Total Annual
Pounds
270802
257313
217819
194072
170838
62459
57746
57440
55468
34912
29160
28100
24927
20134
18203
16715
10688
7238
2.5 Assessed Species
Table 2.9 provides a summary of the current distribution, habitat requirements, and life
history parameters for the listed species being assessed. More detailed life-history and
distribution information can be found in Attachment 3.
44
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Table 2.9 Summary of Current Distribution, Habitat Requirements, and Life History Information for the Assessed Listed Species1
Assessed Species
California red-
legged frog
(Rana aurora
draytonii)
San Francisco
garter snake
(Thamnophis
sirtalis
tetrataenid)
California Clapper
Rail
(Rallus
longirostris
obsoletus)
Size
Adult
(85-138 cm
in length),
Females -
9-238 g,
Males -
13-163 g;
Juveniles
(40-84 cm
in length)
Adult
(46-13 1cm
in length),
Females -
227 g,
Males -
H3g;
Juveniles
(18-20 cm
in length)
250 - 350 g
Current Range
Northern CA coast, northern
Transverse Ranges, foothills of
Sierra Nevada, and in southern CA
south of Santa Barbara
San Mateo County
Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin,
Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo,
Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma
counties
Habitat Type
Freshwater perennial
or near-perennial
aquatic habitat with
dense vegetation;
artificial
impoundments;
riparian and upland
areas
Densely vegetated
freshwater ponds
near open grassy
hillsides; emergent
vegetation; rodent
burrows
Tidal marsh habitat
Designated
Critical
Habitat?
Yes
No
No
Reproductive
Cycle
Breeding: Nov. to Apr.
Tadpoles: Dec. to Mar.
Young juveniles: Mar. to
Sept.
Oviparous Reproduction3
Breeding: Spring (Mar.
and Apr.) and Fall (Sept.
to Nov.)
Ovulation and Pregnancy:
Late spring and early
summer
Young: Born 3-4 months
after mating
Breeding: Feb. - August
Nesting: mid-March- Aug.
Lav Eggs: March - July
Incubation: 23 to 29 days;
Leave nest: 35 to 42 days
after hatch; Juveniles
fledge at ten weeks and
can breed during the
spring after they hatch
Diet
Aquatic -phase2: algae,
freshwater aquatic
invertebrates
Terrestrial-phase:
aquatic and terrestrial
invertebrates, small
mammals, fish and
frogs
Juveniles: frogs
(Pacific tree frog,
CRLF, and bullfrogs
depending on size) and
insects
Adults: primarily frogs
(mainly CRLFs; also
bullfrogs, toads); to a
lesser extent newts;
freshwater fish and
invertebrates; insects
and small mammals
Opportunistic feeders:
freshwater and
estuarine invertebrates,
seeds, worms, mussels,
snails, clams, crabs,
insects, and spiders;
occasionally consume
small birds and
mammals, dead fish, up
45
-------
Table 2.9 Summary of Current Distribution, Habitat Requirements, and Life History Information for the Assessed Listed Species1
Assessed Species
Salt marsh harvest
mouse
(Reithrodontomys
raviventris)
Bay checkerspot
butterfly (BCB)
(Euphydryas
editha bayensis)
Size
Adult
8-14g
Adult
butterfly - 5
cm in length
Current Range
Northern subspecies can be found
in Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Solano,
and northern Contra Costa
counties. The southern subspecies
occurs in San Mateo, Alameda,
and Santa Clara counties with
some isolation populations in
Marin and Contra Costa counties.
Santa Clara and San Mateo
Counties [Because the BCB
distribution is considered a
metapopulation, any site with
appropriate habitat in the vicinity
of its historic range (Alameda,
Contra Costa, San Francisco, San
Mateo, and Santa Clara counties)
should be considered potentially
occupied by the butterfly (USFWS
1998, p. 11-177)].
Habitat Type
Dense, perennial
cover with preference
for habitat in the
middle and upper
parts of the marsh
dominated by
pickleweed and
peripheral halophytes
as well as similar
vegetation in diked
wetlands adjacent to
the Bay
1) Primary habitat -
native grasslands on
large serpentine
outcrops;
2) Secondary habitat
- 'islands' of smaller
serpentine outcrops
with native grassland;
3) Tertiary habitat -
non-serpentine areas
where larval food
plants occur
Designated
Critical
Habitat?
No
Yes
Reproductive
Cycle
Breeding: March -
November
Gestation period: 21 - 24
days
Larvae hatch in March -
May and grow to the 4th
instar in about two weeks.
The larvae enter into a
period of dormancy
(diapause) that lasts
through the summer. The
larvae resume activity
with the start of the rainy
season. Larvae pupate
once they reach a weight
of 300 -500 milligrams.
Adults emerge within 15
to 30 days depending on
thermal conditions, feed
on nectar, mate and lay
eggs during a flight
season that lasts 4 to 6
weeks from late February
Diet
to 15% plant material
Leaves, seeds, and
plant stems; may eat
insects; prefers "fresh
green grasses" in the
winter and pickleweed
and saltgrass during the
rest of the year; drinks
both salt and fresh
water
Obligate with dwarf
plantain. Primary diet
is dwarf plantain plants
(may also feed on
purple owl's-clover or
exserted paintbrush if
the dwarf plantains
senesce before the
larvae pupate). Adults
feed on the nectar of a
variety of plants found
in association with
serpentine grasslands
46
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Table 2.9 Summary of Current Distribution, Habitat Requirements, and Life History Information for the Assessed Listed Species1
Assessed Species
Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle
(Desmocerus
californicus
dimorphus)
San Joaquin kit
fox
(Vulpes macrotis
mutica)
Size
Males:
1.25-2.5 cm
length
Females:
1.9-2.5 cm
length
Adult
~2kg
Current Range
Central Valley of California (from
Shasta County to Fresno County in
the San Joaquin Valley)
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno,
Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced,
Monterey, San Benito, San
Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Santa
Barbara, Santa Clara, Stanislaus,
Tulare and Ventura counties
Habitat Type
Completely
dependent on its host
plant, elderberry
(Sambucus species),
which is a common
component of the
remaining riparian
forests and adjacent
upland habitats of
California's Central
Valley
A variety of habitats,
including grasslands,
scrublands (e.g.,
chenopod scrub and
sub-shrub scrub),
vernal pool areas, oak
woodland, alkali
meadows and playas,
and an agricultural
matrix of row crops,
irrigated pastures,
orchards, vineyards,
and grazed annual
grasslands. Kit foxes
dig their own dens,
modify and use those
already constructed
by other animals
(ground squirrels,
Designated
Critical
Habitat?
Yes
No, but has
designated
core areas
Reproductive
Cycle
to early May
The larval stage may last
2 years living within the
stems of an elderberry
plant. Then larvae enter
the pupal stage and
transform into adults.
Adults emerge and are
active from March to June
feeding and mating, when
the elderberry produces
flowers.
Mating and conception:
late December - March.
Gestation period: 48 to 52
days.
Litters born: February -
late March
Pups emerge from their
dens at about 1 -month of
age and may begin to
disperse after 4-5
months usually in Aug. or
Sept.
Diet
Obligates with
elderberry trees
(Sambucus sp). Adults
eat the elderberry
foliage until about June
when they mate. Upon
hatching the larvae
tunnel into the tree
where they will spend
1-2 years eating the
interior wood which is
their sole food source.
Small animals
including blacktailed
hares, desert
cottontails, mice,
kangaroo rats, squirrels,
birds, lizards, insects
and grass. It satisfies its
moisture requirements
from prey and does not
depend on freshwater
sources.
47
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Table 2.9 Summary of Current Distribution, Habitat Requirements, and Life History Information for the Assessed Listed Species1
Assessed Species
California tiger
salamander
(Ambystoma
californiense)
Delta smelt
(Hypomesus
transpacificus)
Size
50 g
Up to 120
mm in
length
Current Range 1 Habitat Type
There are two distinct population
segments; one in Santa Barbara
County and the other in Sonoma
County.
Suisun Bay and the Sacramento-
San Joaquin estuary (known as the
Delta) near San Francisco Bay, CA
badgers, and
coyotes), or use
human-made
structures .(culverts,
abandoned pipelines,
or banks in sumps or
roadbeds). They
move to new dens
within their home
range often (likely to
avoid predation by
coyotes)
Freshwater pools or
ponds (natural or
man-made, vernal
pools, ranch stock
ponds, other fishless
ponds); Grassland or
oak savannah
communities, in low
foothill regions;
Small mammal
burrows
The species is
adapted to living in
fresh and brackish
water. They typically
occupy estuarine
areas with salinities
below 2 parts per
thousand (although
they have been found
Designated
Critical
Habitat?
Yes
Yes
Reproductive
Cycle
Emerge from burrows and
breed: fall and winter
rains
Eggs: laid in pond Dec. -
Feb., hatch: after 10 to 14
days
Larval stage: 3-6 months,
until the ponds dry out,
metamorphose late spring
or early summer, migrate
to small mammal burrows
They spawn in fresh or
slightly brackish water
upstream of the mixing
zone. Spawning season
usually takes place from
late March through mid-
May, although it may
occur from late winter
(Dec.) to early summer
Diet
Aquatic Phase: algae,
snails, zooplankton,
small crustaceans, and
aquatic larvae and
invertebrates, smaller
tadpoles of Pacific tree
frogs, CRLF, toads;
Terrestrial Phase:
terrestrial invertebrates,
insects, frogs, and
worms
They primarily
planktonic copepods,
cladocerans,
amphipods, and insect
larvae. Larvae feed on
phytoplankton;
juveniles feed on
zooplankton.
48
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Table 2.9 Summary of Current Distribution, Habitat Requirements, and Life History Information for the Assessed Listed Species1
Assessed Species
California
freshwater shrimp
(Syncaris pacified)
Size
Up to 50
mm
postorbital
length (from
the eye orbit
to tip of tail)
Current Range
Marin, Napa, and Sonoma
Counties, CA
Habitat Type
in areas up to 18ppt).
They live along the
freshwater edge of
the mixing zone
(saltwater-freshwater
interface).
Freshwater, perennial
streams; they prefer
quiet portions of tree-
lined streams with
underwater
vegetation and
exposed tree roots
Designated
Critical
Habitat?
No
Reproductive
Cycle
(July-August). Eggs
hatch in 9 - 14 days.
Breed once a year,
typically in Sept. Eggs
adhere to the pleopods
and are cared for 8 - 9
months; embryos emerge
during May or early June.
Diet
Feed on detritus (algae,
aquatic macrophyte
fragments,
zooplankton, and
aufwuchs)
1 For more detailed information on the distribution, habitat requirements, and life history information of the assessed listed species, see
Attachment 3
2 For the purposes of this assessment, tadpoles and submerged adult frogs are considered "aquatic" because exposure pathways in the water
are considerably different than those that occur on land.
3 Oviparous = eggs hatch within the female's body and young are born live.
49
-------
2.6 Designated Critical Habitat
Critical habitats have only been designated for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CIS, and DS.
'Critical habitat' is defined in the ESA as the geographic area occupied by the species at
the time of the listing where the physical and biological features necessary for the
conservation of the species exist, and there is a need for special management to protect
the listed species. It may also include areas outside the occupied area at the time of
listing if such areas are 'essential to the conservation of the species.' Critical habitat
receives protection under Section 7 of the ESA through prohibition against destruction or
adverse modification with regard to actions carried out, funded, or authorized by a federal
Agency. Section 7 requires consultation on federal actions that are likely to result in the
destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat.
To be included in a critical habitat designation, the habitat must be 'essential to the
conservation of the species.' Critical habitat designations identify, to the extent known
using the best scientific and commercial data available, habitat areas that provide
essential life cycle needs of the species or areas that contain certain primary constituent
elements (PCEs) (as defined in 50 CFR 414.12(b)). PCEs include, but are not limited to,
space for individual and population growth and for normal behavior; food, water, air,
light, minerals, or other nutritional or physiological requirements; cover or shelter; sites
for breeding, reproduction, rearing (or development) of offspring; and habitats that are
protected from disturbance or are representative of the historic geographical and
ecological distributions of a species. Table 2.10 describes the PCEs for the critical
habitats designated for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CIS, and DS.
50
-------
Table 2.10 Designated Critical Habitat PCEs for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS.
Species
CRLF
California tiger
salamander
Valley
Elderberry
Longhorn
Beetle
Bay
Checkerspot
Butterfly
PCEs1
Alteration of channel/pond morphology or geometry and/or increase
in sediment deposition within the stream channel or pond.
Alteration in water chemistry /quality including temperature,
turbidity, and oxygen content necessary for normal growth and
viability of juvenile and adult CRLFs and their food source.
Alteration of other chemical characteristics necessary for normal
growth and viability of CRLFs and their food source.
Reduction and/or modification of aquatic-based food sources for pre-
metamorphs (e.g., algae)
Elimination and/or disturbance of upland habitat; ability of habitat to
support food source of CRLFs: Upland areas within 200 ft of the
edge of the riparian vegetation or dripline surrounding aquatic and
riparian habitat that are comprised of grasslands, woodlands, and/or
wetland/riparian plant species that provides the CRLF shelter,
forage, and predator avoidance
Elimination and/or disturbance of dispersal habitat: Upland or
riparian dispersal habitat within designated units and between
occupied locations within 0.7 mi of each other that allow for
movement between sites including both natural and altered sites
which do not contain barriers to dispersal
Reduction and/or modification of food sources for terrestrial phase
juveniles and adults
Alteration of chemical characteristics necessary for normal growth
and viability of juvenile and adult CRLFs and their food source.
Standing bodies of fresh water, including natural and man-made
(e.g., stock) ponds, vernal pools, and dune ponds, and other
ephemeral or permanent water bodies that typically become
inundated during winter rains and hold water for a sufficient length
of time (i.e., 12 weeks) necessary for the species to complete the
aquatic (egg and larval) portion of its life cycle2
Barrier-free uplands adjacent to breeding ponds that contain small
mammal burrows. Small mammals are essential in creating the
underground habitat that juvenile and adult California tiger
salamanders depend upon for food, shelter, and protection from the
elements and predation
Upland areas between breeding locations (PCE 1) and areas with
small mammal burrows (PCE 2) that allow for dispersal among such
sites
Areas that contain the host plant of this species [/'. e., elderberry trees
(Sambucus sp.)] (a dicot)
The presence of annual or perennial grasslands with little to no
overstory that provide north/south and east/west slopes with a tilt of
more than 7 degrees for larval host plant survival during periods
of atypical weather (e.g., drought).
The presence of the primary larval host plant, dwarf plantain
(Plantago erecta) (a dicot) and at least one of the secondary host
plants, purple owl's-clover or exserted paintbrush, are required for
reproduction, feeding, and larval development.
The presence of adult nectar sources for feeding.
Reference
50CFR414.12(b),
2006
FR Vol. 69 No. 226
CTS, 68584, 2004
43 FR 35636 35643,
1978
66 FR 21449 21489,
2001
51
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Table 2.10 Designated Critical Habitat PCEs for the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and PS.
Species
PCEs
Reference
Aquatic features such as wetlands, springs, seeps, streams, lakes, and
ponds and their associated banks, that provide moisture during
periods of spring drought; these features can be ephemeral, seasonal,
or permanent.
Soils derived from serpentinite ultramafic rock (Montara, Climara,
Henneke, Hentine, and Obispo soil series) or similar soils
(Inks, Candlestick, Los Gatos, Pagan, and Barnabe soil series)
that provide areas with fewer aggressive, normative plant species for
larval host plant and adult nectar plant survival and reproduction.2
The presence of stable holes and cracks in the soil, and surface rock
outcrops that provide shelter for the larval stage of the bay
checkerspot butterfly during summer diapause.2
Delta Smelt
Spawning Habitat—shallow, fresh or slightly brackish backwater
sloughs and edgewaters to ensure egg hatching and larval viability.
Spawning areas also must provide suitable water quality (i.e., low
"concentrations of pollutants) and substrates for egg attachment
(e.g., submerged tree roots and branches and emergent vegetation).
59 FR 65256 65279,
1994
Larval and Juvenile Transport—Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers
and their tributary channels must be protected from physical
disturbance and flow disruption. Adequate river flow_is necessary to
transport larvae from upstream spawning areas to rearing habitat in
Suisun Bay. Suitable water quality must be provided so that
maturation is not impaired by pollutant concentrations.
Rearing Habitat—Maintenance of the 2 ppt isohaline and suitable
water quality (low concentrations of pollutants) within the Estuary is
necessary to provide delta smelt larvae and juveniles a shallow
protective, food-rich environment in which to mature to adulthood.
Adult Migration— Unrestricted access to suitable spawning habitat
in a period that may extend from December to July. Adequate flow
and suitable water qualityjnay need to be maintained to
attract migrating adults in the Sacramento and San Joaquin River
channels and their associated tributaries. These areas also should be
protected from physical disturbance and flow disruption during
migratory
periods.
1 These PCEs are in addition to more general requirements for habitat areas that provide essential life cycle
needs of the species such as, space for individual and population growth and for normal behavior; food,
water, air, light, minerals, or other nutritional or physiological requirements; cover or shelter; sites for
breeding, reproduction, rearing (or development) of offspring; and habitats that are protected from
disturbance or are representative of the historic geographical and ecological distributions of a species.
2 PCEs that are abiotic, including, physico-chemical water quality parameters such as salinity, pH, and
hardness are not evaluated because these processes are not biologically mediated and, therefore, are not
relevant to the endpoints included in this assessment.
More detail on the designated critical habitat applicable to this assessment can be found
in Attachment 1 (for the CRLF) and Attachment 3 for the SFB species. Activities that
may destroy or adversely modify critical habitat are those that alter the PCEs and
jeopardize the continued existence of the species. Evaluation of actions related to use of
chlorpyrifos that may alter the PCEs of the existing designated critical habitats for the
CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS form the basis of the critical habitat impact analysis.
52
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As previously noted in Section 2.1, the Agency believes that the analysis of direct and
indirect effects to listed species provides the basis for an analysis of potential effects on
the designated critical habitat. Because chlorpyrifos is expected to directly impact living
organisms within the action area, critical habitat analysis for chlorpyrifos is limited in a
practical sense to those PCEs of critical habitat that are biological or that can be
reasonably linked to biologically mediated processes.
2.7 Action Area
For listed species assessment purposes, the action area is considered to be the area
affected directly or indirectly by the federal action and not merely the immediate area
involved in the action (50 CFR 402.02). It is recognized that the overall action area for
the national registration of chlorpyrifos is likely to encompass considerable portions of
the United States based on the large array of agricultural and/or non-agricultural uses.
However, the scope of this assessment limits consideration of the overall action area to
those portions that may be applicable to the protection of the CRLF and SFB species and
their designated critical habitat within the state of California. Although the watershed for
the San Francisco Bay extends northward into the very southwestern portion of Lake
County, Oregon, and westward into the western edge of Washoe County, Nevada, the
non-California portions of the watershed are small and very rural with little, if any,
agriculture. Therefore, no use of chlorpyrifos is expected in these areas..
The definition of action area requires a stepwise approach that begins with an
understanding of the federal action. The federal action is defined by the currently labeled
uses for chlorpyrifos. An analysis of labeled uses and review of available product labels
was completed. Several of the currently labeled uses are special local needs (SLN) uses
or are restricted to specific states and are excluded from this assessment. In addition, a
distinction has been made between food use crops and those that are non-food/non-
agricultural uses. For those uses relevant to the assessed species, the analysis indicates
that, for chlorpyrifos, the following agricultural uses are considered as part of the federal
action evaluated in this assessment:
Following a determination of the assessed uses, an evaluation of the potential "footprint"
of chlorpyrifos use patterns (i.e., the area where pesticide application occurs) is
determined. This "footprint" represents the initial area of concern, based on an analysis
of available land cover data for the state of California. The initial area of concern is
defined as all land cover types and the stream reaches within the land cover areas that
represent the labeled uses described above. Because of the diverse nature of the
registered chlorpyrifos uses being covered in this assessment an initial area of concern
map has not been created.
Once the initial area of concern is defined, the next step is to define the potential
boundaries of the action area by determining the extent of offsite transport via spray drift
and runoff where exposure of one or more taxonomic groups to the pesticide exceeds the
listed species LOCs.
53
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The Agency's approach to defining the action area under the provisions of the Overview
Document (U.S. EPA, 2004) considers the results of the risk assessment process to
establish boundaries for that action area with the understanding that exposures below the
Agency's defined Levels of Concern (LOCs) constitute a no-effect threshold. Deriving
the geographical extent of this portion of the action area is based on consideration of the
types of effects that chlorpyrifos may be expected to have on the environment, the
exposure levels to chlorpyrifos that are associated with those effects, and the best
available information concerning the use of chlorpyrifos and its fate and transport within
the state of California. Specific measures of ecological effect for the assessed species
that define the action area include any direct and indirect toxic effect to the assessed
species and any potential modification of its critical habitat, including reduction in
survival, growth, and fecundity as well as the full suite of sublethal effects available in
the effects literature. Therefore, the action area extends to a point where environmental
exposures are below any measured lethal or sublethal effect threshold for any biological
entity at the whole organism, organ, tissue, and cellular level of organization. In
situations where it is not possible to determine the threshold for an observed effect, the
action area is not spatially limited and is assumed to be the entire state of California.
Due to the lack of a defined no effect concentration for the most sensitive reported effect
and/or a positive result in a mutagenicity test, the spatial extent of the action area (i.e., the
boundary where exposures and potential effects are less than the Agency's LOG) for
chlorpyrifos cannot be determined. Therefore, it is assumed that the action area
encompasses the entire state of California, regardless of the spatial extent (i.e., initial area
of concern or footprint) of the pesticide use(s).
This determination is also supported by the fact that chlorpyrifos and it's oxon degradate
have been shown to transport long distances from the site of application and at
concentrations that would approach effects levels. In addition, chlorpyrifos has several
studies without a NOEC/NOEAL (e.g., De Silva & Samayawardhena, 2002; Richards &
Kendall, 2003) and is a potential mutagen. Both of these factors together support the
establishment of the entire state of California as the action area for this assessment.
2.8 Assessment Endpoints and Measures of Ecological Effect
Assessment endpoints are defined as "explicit expressions of the actual environmental
value that is to be protected."7 Selection of the assessment endpoints is based on valued
entities (e.g., CRLF), organisms important in the life cycle of the assessed species, and
the PCEs of its designated critical habitat), the ecosystems potentially at risk (e.g.,
waterbodies, riparian vegetation, and upland and dispersal habitats), the migration
pathways of chlorpyrifos (e.g., runoff, spray drift, etc), and the routes by which
ecological receptors are exposed to chlorpyrifos (e.g., direct contact, etc.).
1 From U.S. EPA (1992). Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-92/001.
54
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2.8.1 Assessment Endpoints
Assessment endpoints for the CRLF and SFB species include direct toxic effects on the
survival, reproduction, and growth of individuals, as well as indirect effects, such as
reduction of the prey base or modification of its habitat. In addition, potential
modification of critical habitat is assessed by evaluating potential effects to PCEs, which
are components of the habitat areas that provide essential life cycle needs of the assessed
species. Each assessment endpoint requires one or more "measures of ecological effect,"
defined as changes in the attributes of an assessment endpoint or changes in a surrogate
entity or attribute in response to exposure to a pesticide. Specific measures of ecological
effect are generally evaluated based on acute and chronic toxicity information from
registrant-submitted guideline tests that are performed on a limited number of organisms.
Additional ecological effects data from the open literature are also considered. It should
be noted that assessment endpoints are limited to direct and indirect effects associated
with survival, growth, and fecundity, and do not include the full suite of sublethal effects
used to define the action area. According the Overview Document (U.S. EPA, 2004), the
Agency relies on acute and chronic effects endpoints that are either direct measures of
impairment of survival, growth, or fecundity or endpoints for which there is a
scientifically robust, peer reviewed relationship that can quantify the impact of the
measured effect endpoint on the assessment endpoints of survival, growth, and fecundity.
A complete discussion of all the toxicity data available for this risk assessment, including
resulting measures of ecological effect selected for each taxonomic group of concern, is
included in Section 4 of this document. A summary of the assessment endpoints and
measures of ecological effect selected to characterize potential assessed direct and
indirect risks for each of the assessed species associated with exposure to chlorpyrifos is
provided in Section 2.5 and Table 2.11.
As described in the Agency's Overview Document (U.S. EPA, 2004), the most sensitive
endpoint for each taxon is used for risk estimation. For this assessment, evaluated taxa
include aquatic-phase amphibians, freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, aquatic
plants, birds (surrogate for terrestrial-phase amphibians), mammals, terrestrial
invertebrates, and terrestrial. Acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) toxicity
information is characterized based on registrant-submitted studies and a comprehensive
review of the open literature on chlorpyrifos.
Table 2.11 identifies the taxa used to assess the potential for direct and indirect effects
from the uses of chlorpyrifos for each listed species assessed here. The specific
assessment endpoints used to assess the potential for direct and indirect effects to each
listed species are provided in Table 2.12.
55
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Table 2.11 Taxa Used in the Analyses of Direct and Indirect Effects for the Assessed Listed Species.
Listed Species
California red-
legged frog
San Francisco
garter snake
California
clapper rail
Salt marsh
harvest mouse
Bay
checkerspot
butterfly
Valley
elderberry
longhorn
beetle
San Joaquin
kit fox
California
tiger
salamander
Delta smelt
(USE THE
MOST
SENTITIVE
OF THE
FRESHWATE
RANDE/M
FISH FOR
DIRECT
EFFECTS)
California
freshwater
shrimp
Birds
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(rearing
sites)
N/A
N/A
Indirect
(prey)
Direct
N/A
N/A
Mammals
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Direct
Indirect
(rearing
sites)
N/A
N/A
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
N/A
N/A
N/A
Terr.
Plants
Indirect
(habitat)
Indirect
(habitat)
Indirect
(habitat)
Indirect
(food,
habitat)
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
*
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
*
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
Indirect
(habitat)
Indirect
(habitat)
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
Terr.
Inverts.
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Direct
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
N/A
Indirect
(prey)
FW Fish
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
Direct (IF
MORE
SENSITI
VE
THAN
EM
FISH)
N/A
FW
Inverts.
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Indirect
(prey)
Indirect
(prey)
Direct
Indirect
(prey)
Estuarine
/Marine
Fish
N/A
N/A
Indirect
(prey)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Direct (IF
MORE
SENSITI
VE
THANF
FISH)
N/A
Estuarine
/Marine
Inverts.
N/A
N/A
Indirect
(prey)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Indirect
(prey)
N/A
Aquatic
Plants
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
Indirect
(habitat)
Indirect
(habitat)
Indirect
(habitat)
N/A
N/A
N/A
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
Indirect
(food/
habitat)
N/A = Not applicable
Terr. = Terrestrial
Invert. = Invertebrate
FW = Freshwater
* = obligate relationship
56
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Table 2.12 Taxa and Assessment Endpoints Used to Evaluate the Potential for the Use of
Chlorpyrifos to Result in Direct and Indirect Effects to the Assessed Listed Species
- CRLF, Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly.
Taxa Used to Assess
Direct and/or Indirect
Effects to Assessed
Species
Assessed Listed
Species
Assessment Endpoints
Measures of Ecological Effects
1. Freshwater Fish and
Aquatic-phase
Amphibians
Direct Effect -
-Aquatic-phase CRLF
-Aquatic-phase CTS
-Delta Smelt
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via direct effects
Indirect Effect (prey)
-Aquatic-phase and
Terrestrial-phase CRLF
-S. F. Garter Snake
-Clapper Rail
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
aquatic prey food supply
(i.e., fish and aquatic-phase
amphibians)
la. Amphibian acute LC50 (ECOTOX) or
most sensitive fish acute LC50 (guideline
or ECOTOX) if no suitable amphibian
data are available
Ib. Amphibian chronic NOAEC
(ECOTOX) or most sensitive fish chronic
NOAEC (guideline or ECOTOX)
Ic. Amphibian early-life stage data
(ECOTOX) or most sensitive fish early-
life stage NOAEC (guideline or
ECOTOX) (if sufficient data are
available, split the evaluation for eggs
and larvae out, and use the ELS endpoint
2. Freshwater
Invertebrates
Direct Effect -
-California Freshwater
Shrimp
Indirect Effect (prey)
-Aquatic-phase and
Terrestrial-phase CRLF
-S. F. Garter Snake
-Clapper Rail
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
aquatic prey food supply
(i.e., freshwater
invertebrates)
2a. Most sensitive freshwater
invertebrate EC50 (guideline or ECOTOX)
2b. Most sensitive freshwater
invertebrate chronic NOAEC (guideline
or ECOTOX)
. Estuarine/Marine Fish
Direct Effect -
-Delta Smelt
Indirect Effect (prey)
-Clapper Rail
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
aquatic prey food supply
(i.e., estuarine/marine fish)
3a. Most sensitive estuarine/marine fish
EC50 (guideline or ECOTOX)
3b. Most sensitive estuarine/marine fish
chronic NOAEC (guideline or ECOTOX)
4. Estuarine/Marine
Invertebrates
Indirect Effect (prey)
-Clapper Rail
-Delta Smelt
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
aquatic prey food supply
(i.e., estuarine/marine
invertebrates)
4a. Most sensitive estuarine/marine
invertebrate EC50 (guideline or ECOTOX)
4b. Most sensitive estuarine/marine
invertebrate chronic NOAEC (guideline
or ECOTOX)
5. Aquatic Plants
(freshwater/marine)
Indirect Effect
(food/habitat)
-Aquatic-phase CRLF
-Aquatic-phase CTS
-Clapper Rail
-Salt Marsh Harvest
Mouse
-S. F. Garter Snake
-Delta Smelt
California Freshwater
Shrimp
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
habitat, cover, food supply,
and/or primary productivity
(i.e., aquatic plant
community)
5a. Vascular plant acute EC50 (duckweed
guideline test or ECOTOX vascular plant)
5b. Non-vascular plant acute EC50
(freshwater algae or diatom, or ECOTOX
non-vascular)
57
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Table 2.12 Taxa and Assessment Endpoints Used to Evaluate the Potential for the Use of
Chlorpyrifos to Result in Direct and Indirect Effects to the Assessed Listed Species
- CRLF, Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly.
Taxa Used to Assess
Direct and/or Indirect
Effects to Assessed
Species
Assessed Listed
Species
Assessment Endpoints
Measures of Ecological Effects
6. Birds
Direct Effect
-Terrestrial-phase CRLF
-S. F. Garter Snake
-Clapper Rail
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via direct effects
Indirect Effect (prey)
-Clapper Rail
-San Joaquin Kit Fox
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
terrestrial prey (birds)
6a. Most sensitive bird or terrestrial-
phase amphibian acute LC50 or LD50
(guideline or ECOTOX)
6b. Most sensitive birdb or terrestrial-
phase amphibian chronic NOAEC
(guideline or ECOTOX)
7. Mammals
Direct Effect
-Salt Marsh Harvest
Mouse
-San Joaquin Kit Fox
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via direct effects
7a. Most sensitive laboratory rat acute
LC50 or LD50 (guideline or ECOTOX)
7b. Most sensitive laboratory rat chronic
NOAEC (guideline or ECOTOX)
Indirect Effect
(prey/habitat from
burrows)
-Terrestrial-phase CRLF
-San Joaquin Kit Fox
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
terrestrial prey (mammals)
8. Terrestrial
Invertebrates
Direct Effect
-Bay Checkerspot
Butterfly
-Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via direct effects
8a. Most sensitive terrestrial invertebrate
acute EC50 or LC50 (guideline or
ECOTOX)C
8b. Most sensitive terrestrial invertebrate
chronic NOAEC (guideline or ECOTOX)
Indirect Effect (prey)
-Terrestrial-phase CRLF
-Clapper Rail
-Salt Marsh Harvest
Mouse
-S. F. Garter Snake
-San Joaquin Kit Fox
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on
terrestrial prey (terrestrial
invertebrates)
9. Terrestrial Plants
Indirect Effect
(food/habitat) (non-
obligate relationship)
-Terrestrial-phase CRLF
-Clapper Rail
-Salt Marsh Harvest
Mouse
-S. F. Garter Snake
-San Joaquin Kit Fox
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of individuals
via indirect effects on food
and habitat (i.e., riparian
and upland vegetation)
9a. Distribution of EC2s for monocots
(seedling emergence, vegetative vigor, or
ECOTOX
9b. Distribution of EC2s (EC05 or
NOAEC for the Bay checkerspot butterfly
and the valley elderberry longhorn beetle)
for dicots (seedling emergence, vegetative
vigor, or ECOTOX)
58
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Table 2.12 Taxa and Assessment Endpoints Used to Evaluate the Potential for the Use of
Chlorpyrifos to Result in Direct and Indirect Effects to the Assessed Listed Species
- CRLF, Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly.
Taxa Used to Assess
Direct and/or Indirect
Effects to Assessed
Species
Assessed Listed
Species
Assessment Endpoints
Measures of Ecological Effects
Indirect Effect
(food/habitat) (obligate
relationship)
-Bay Checkerspot
Butterfly
-Valley Elderberry
Longhorn Beetle
2.8.2 Assessment Endpoints for Designated Critical Habitat
As previously discussed, designated critical habitats are assessed to evaluate actions
related to the use of chlorpyrifos that may alter the PCEs of the assessed species'
designated critical habitat. PCEs for the assessed species were previously described in
Section 2.6. Actions that may modify critical habitat are those that alter the PCEs and
jeopardize the continued existence of the assessed species. Therefore, these actions are
identified as assessment endpoints. It should be noted that evaluation of PCEs as
assessment endpoints is limited to those of a biological nature (i.e., the biological
resource requirements for the listed species associated with the critical habitat) and those
for which chlorpyrifos effects data are available.
Some components of these PCEs are associated with physical abiotic features (e.g.,
presence and/or depth of a water body, or distance between two sites), which are not
expected to be measurably altered by use of pesticides. Measures of ecological effect
used to assess the potential for adverse modification to the critical habitat of the CRLF
and SFB species are described in Table 2.13.
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Table 2.13 Summary of Assessment Endpoints and Measures of Ecological Effect
for Primary Constituent Elements of Designated Critical Habitat for CRLF and
SFB Species (Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California
tiger salamander, San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin
kit fox, Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly).
Taxon Used to
Assess
Modification of
PCE
1. Aquatic Plants
(freshwater/marine)
2. Terrestrial
Invertebrates
3. Terrestrial Plants
Assessed Listed
Species Associated
with the PCE
Indirect Effect
(food/habitat)
-Aquatic -phase
CRLF
-Aquatic -phase CTS
-Delta Smelt
Direct Effect
-Bay Checkerspot
Butterfly
-Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle
Indirect Effect
(prey)
-Terrestrial-phase
CRLF
Indirect Effect
(food/habitat) (non-
obligate
relationship)
-Terrestrial-phase
CRLF
Indirect Effect
(food/habitat)
(obligate
relationship)
-Bay Checkerspot
Butterfly
-Valley Elderberry
Longhorn Beetle
Assessment
Endpoints
Modification of critical
habitat via change in
habitat, cover, food
supply, and/or primary
productivity (i.e.,
aquatic plant
community)
Survival, growth, and
reproduction of
individuals via direct
effects
Modification of critical
habitat via change in
terrestrial prey
(terrestrial
invertebrates)
Modification of critical
habitat via change in
food and habitat (i.e.,
riparian and upland
vegetation)
Measures of Ecological Effects
la. Vascular plant acute EC50
(duckweed guideline test or
ECOTOX vascular plant)
Ib. Non-vascular plant acute
EC50 (freshwater algae or diatom,
or ECOTOX non-vascular)
2a. Most sensitive terrestrial
invertebrate acute EC50 or LC50
(guideline or ECOTOX)C
2b. Most sensitive terrestrial
invertebrate chronic NOAEC
(guideline or ECOTOX)
3a. Distribution of EC2s for
monocots (seedling emergence,
vegetative vigor, or ECOTOX
3b. Distribution of EC2s (EC05 or
NOAEC for the Bay checkerspot
butterfly and the valley elderberry
longhorn beetle) for dicots
(seedling emergence, vegetative
vigor, or ECOTOX)
60
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2.9 Conceptual Model
2.9.1 Risk Hypotheses
Risk hypotheses are specific assumptions about potential adverse effects (i.e., changes in
assessment endpoints) and may be based on theory and logic, empirical data,
mathematical models, or probability models (U.S. EPA, 1998). For this assessment, the
risk is stressor-linked, where the stressor is the release of chlorpyrifos to the environment.
The following risk hypotheses are presumed for each assessed species in this assessment:
The labeled use of chlorpyrifos within the action area may:
• directly affect the CRLF, CTS, SFGS, CCR, SMHM, BCB, VELB, SJKF, CFS,
and DS by causing mortality or by adversely affecting growth or fecundity;
• indirectly affect the CRLF, CTS, SFGS, CCR, SMHM, BCB, VELB, SJKF, CFS,
and DS and/or modify their designated critical habitat by reducing or changing the
composition of food supply;
• indirectly affect the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS and/or modify their
designated critical habitat by reducing or changing the composition of the aquatic
plant community in the species' current range, thus affecting primary productivity
and/or cover;
• indirectly affect the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS and/or modify their
designated critical habitat by reducing or changing the composition of the
terrestrial plant community in the species' current range;
• indirectly affect the CRLF, BCB, VELB, CTS, and DS and/or modify their
designated critical habitat by reducing or changing aquatic habitat in their current
range (via modification of water quality parameters, habitat morphology, and/or
sedimentation).
2.9.2 Diagram
The conceptual model is a graphic representation of the structure of the risk assessment.
It specifies the chlorpyrifos release mechanisms, biological receptor types, and effects
endpoints of potential concern. The conceptual models for aquatic and terrestrial phases
of the CRLF and SFB species and the conceptual models for the aquatic and terrestrial
PCE components of critical habitat are shown in Figures 2.3 and 2.4. Although the
conceptual models for direct/indirect effects and modification of designated critical
habitat PCEs are shown on the same diagrams, the potential for direct/indirect effects and
modification of PCEs will be evaluated separately in this assessment. Exposure routes
shown in dashed lines are not quantitatively considered because the contribution of those
potential exposure routes to potential risks to the CRLF and SFB species and
modification to designated critical habitat is expected to be negligible.
61
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Stressor
Source
Exposure
Media
Pesticide applied to use site
1
1
\ Spray drift|
t 1—* ">—Dermal uptake/lngestion-^—
Long range
atmospheric
transport
Terrestrial/riparian plants
grasses/forbs, fruit, seeds
(trees, shrubs)
Root uptake^T
•Wet/dry depositio
Ingestion
Receptors
Attribute
Change
Birds/terrestrial-
phase
amphibians/
reptilesfmammals
3s[rr
Individual organisms
Reduced survival
Reduced growth
Reduced reproduction
t
Ingestion^,
J
Food chain
Reduction in prey
Modification of
PCEs related to
prey availability
Habitat integrity
Reduction in primary productivity
Reduced cover
ommunity change
Modification of PCEs related to
nabitat
Figure 2.2 Conceptual Model for Terrestrial-Phase of the Assessed Species.
62
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Stressor
Source
Exposure
Media
Receptors
Attribute
Change
Pesticide applied to use site
| |
Spray drift 1 1 Runoff 1
Surface water/
Sediment
_, ,_
at
4
~~*
ong range
mospheric
transport
T
Uptake/gills
or
Uptake/gills
or
+
Aquatic Animals
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Ingestio
Fish/aquatic-
phase amphibians
Piscivorous
mammals and
birds i
Individual
organisms
Reduced survival
Reduced growth
Uptake/cell,
roots,
Aquatic Plants
Non-vascular
Vascular
t
Ingestio
Food chain
Reduction in algae
Reduction in prey
Modification of PCEs
related to prey
availability
Habitat integrity
Reduction in primary productivity
Reduced cover
Community change
Modification of PCEs related to
nabitat
Figure 2.3 Conceptual Model for Aquatic-Phase of the Assessed Species.
2.10 Analysis Plan
In order to address the risk hypothesis, the potential for direct and indirect effects to the
CRLF and SFB Species, prey items, and habitat is estimated based on a taxon-level
approach. In the following sections, the use, environmental fate, and ecological effects of
chlorpyrifos are characterized and integrated to assess the risks. This is accomplished
using a risk quotient (ratio of exposure concentration to effects concentration) approach.
Although risk is often defined as the likelihood and magnitude of adverse ecological
effects, the risk quotient-based approach does not provide a quantitative estimate of
likelihood and/or magnitude of an adverse effect. However, as outlined in the Overview
Document (U.S. EPA, 2004), the likelihood of effects to individual organisms from
particular uses of chlorpyrifos is estimated using the probit dose-response slope and
either the level of concern (discussed below) or actual calculated risk quotient value.
63
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2.10.1 Measures to Evaluate the Risk Hypothesis and Conceptual Model
2.10.1.1 Measures of Exposure
The environmental fate properties of chlorpyrifos along with available monitoring data
indicate that runoff and spray drift are the principle potential transport mechanisms of
chlorpyrifos to the aquatic and terrestrial habitats of the CRLF and SFB Species. In
addition, monitoring data for air and rain suggest the long range transport of chlorpyrifos
and the formation of chlorpyrifos oxon cannot be precluded though the exact mechanism
by which the oxon forms is uncertain. In this assessment, transport of chlorpyrifos
through runoff and spray drift is considered in deriving quantitative estimates of
chlorpyrifos exposure to CRLF and SFB Species, their prey and habitats. A semi-
quantitative analysis of potential long range transport will be conducted using available
monitoring data.
Measures of exposure are based on aquatic and terrestrial models that predict estimated
environmental concentrations (EECs) of chlorpyrifos using maximum labeled application
rates and methods of application. The models used to predict aquatic EECs are the
Pesticide Root Zone Model coupled with the Exposure Analysis Model System
(PRZM/EXAMS). The model used to predict terrestrial EECs on food items is T-REX.
These models are parameterized using relevant reviewed registrant-submitted
environmental fate data.
PRZM (v3.12.2, May 2005) and EXAMS (v2.98.4.6, April 2005) are screening
simulation models coupled with the input shell pe5.pl (Aug 2007) to generate daily
exposures and l-in-10 year EECs of chlorpyrifos that may occur in surface water bodies
adjacent to application sites receiving chlorpyrifos through runoff and spray drift. PRZM
simulates pesticide application, movement and transformation on an agricultural field and
the resultant pesticide loadings to a receiving water body via runoff, erosion and spray
drift. EXAMS simulates the fate of the pesticide and resulting concentrations in the
water body. The standard scenario used for ecological pesticide assessments assumes
application to a 10-hectare agricultural field that drains into an adjacent 1-hectare water
body, 2-meters deep (20,000 m3 volume) with no outlet. PRZM/EXAMS was used to
estimate screening-level exposure of aquatic organisms to chlorpyrifos. The measure of
exposure for aquatic species is the l-in-10 year return peak or rolling mean concentration.
The 1-in-10-year 60-day mean is used for assessing chronic exposure to fish; the 1-in-10-
year 21-day mean is used for assessing chronic exposure for aquatic invertebrates.
As discussed above, the primary degradate of chlorpyrifos is 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol
or 'TCP'. Comparison of available toxicity information for TCP indicates that it is
significantly less toxic than the parent for freshwater and estuarine/marine fish,
invertebrates, birds, and mammals. TCP has been shown to form at up to roughly 1/3 of
the applied parent and is more mobile and less persistent than chlorpyrifos and therefore
is likely to occur in the environment. However this increased exposure is not expected to
contribute significantly to overall risk because in general TCP is between 1 to 4 orders of
64
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magnitude less toxic. Therefore, TCP has not been qualitatively assessed in this
evaluation.
As mentioned previously, chlorpyrifos may oxidize in the environment to form
chlorpyrifos-oxon. Available data indicate that chlorpyrifos-oxon is more toxic to
amphibians than the parent compound (Sparling and Fellers, 2007). Chlorpyrifos-oxon
toxicity data for freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, and birds would reduce the
amount of uncertainty in the ecological risk assessment. Submitted environmental fate
studies for chlorpyrifos do not identify chlorpyrifos-oxon. However, chlorpyrifos-oxon
has been detected in air, precipitation and surface water samples (Lenoir et al., 1999;
Sparling et al., 2001; Landers et al., 2008), indicating that it is present in the
environment.
In order to address this uncertainty the Agency has requested additional environmental
fate data for chlorpyrifos oxon including studies to address the potential formation in the
vapor phase. Submission of acceptable environmental fate data on adsorption/desorption
and aerobic soil metabolism of the oxon will provide a minimal data set to allow the
Agency to provide a more realistic estimate of chlorpyrifos oxon-specific concentrations
using either Tier I or Tier II models. However, this oxon-specific environmental fate data
has not been submitted to that Agency at this time and thus the Agency cannot conduct a
quantitative assessment of risk from the oxon at this time. Therefore, in order to address
potential exposure to aquatic organisms the Agency will qualitatively compare the risk
conclusions from the parent relative to the possible range of toxicity noted for the oxon
and assuming complete conversion describe how the risk might be influenced by that
assumption.
Exposure estimates for the terrestrial animals assumed to be in the target area or in an
area exposed to spray drift are derived using the T-REX model (version 1.3.1,
12/07/2006). This model incorporates the Kenega nomograph, as modified by Fletcher et
al. (1994), which is based on a large set of actual field residue data. The upper limit
values from the nomograph represented the 95th percentile of residue values from actual
field measurements (Hoerger and Kenega, 1972).
For modeling purposes, direct exposures of the CRLF to and SFB Species chlorpyrifos
through contaminated food are estimated using the EECs for the small bird (20 g) which
consumes small insects. Dietary-based and dose-based exposures of potential prey (small
mammals) are assessed using the small mammal (15 g) which consumes short grass. The
small bird (20 g) consuming small insects and the small mammal (15 g) consuming short
grass are used because these categories represent the largest RQs of the size and dietary
categories in T-REX that are appropriate surrogates for the CRLF and one of its prey
items. Estimated exposures of terrestrial insects to chlorpyrifos are bound by using the
dietary based EECs for small insects and large insects.
Birds are currently used as surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.
However, amphibians and reptiles are poikilotherms (body temperature varies with
environmental temperature) while birds are homeotherms (temperature is regulated,
65
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constant, and largely independent of environmental temperatures). Therefore,
amphibians and reptiles tend to have much lower metabolic rates and lower caloric intake
requirements than birds or mammals. As a consequence, birds are likely to consume
more food than amphibians and reptiles on a daily dietary intake basis, assuming similar
caloric content of the food items. Therefore, the use of avian food intake allometric
equation as a surrogate to amphibians and reptiles is likely to result in an over-estimation
of exposure and risk for reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians. Therefore, T-REX
(version 1.3.1) has been refined to the T-HERPS model (v. 1.0), which allows for an
estimation of food intake for poikilotherms using the same basic procedure as T-REX to
estimate avian food intake.
Because there is some evidence of the potential for bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in
aquatic organisms, an additional exposure pathway that was considered in this assessment is
the consumption of contaminated fish or aquatic invertebrates that have bioaccumulated
chhlorpyrifos dissolved in water and their aquatic diet. The potential risk from this pathway
was evaluated using a food web bioaccumulation model (K<,w-based Aquatic
Bioaccumulation Model, or KABAM), v. 1.0. KABAM estimates potential
bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic pesticides such as chlorpyrifos in freshwater
aquatic food webs and subsequent risks to mammals and birds via consumption of
contaminated aquatic prey. The bioaccumulation portion of KABAM was based upon
work by Arnot and Gobas (2004) who parameterized a bioaccumulation model based on
PCBs and some pesticides (e.g., lindane, DDT) in freshwater aquatic ecosystems.
KABAM relies on a chemical's octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) to estimate
uptake and elimination constants through respiration and diet of organisms in different
trophic levels. Chlorpyrifos tissue residues were calculated for different levels of the
aquatic food web. The model then used chlorpyrifos tissue concentrations in aquatic
animals to estimate dose- and dietary-based exposures and associated risks to mammals
and birds consuming aquatic organisms, using an approach that is similar to the T-REX
model (USEPA 2008).
KABAM incorporated 7 trophic levels to describe bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in a
model aquatic food web: phytoplankton, zooplankton (e.g., Daphnia sp.), benthic
invertebrates (e.g., Chironomus sp., crayfish), filter feeders (e.g., mussels, clams), small
fish (e.g., young of the year), medium-sized fish (e.g., adult bluegill), and larger upper-
trophic level fish (e.g., largemouth bass). Chlorpyrifos concentrations in organisms of
the aquatic trophic levels listed above were used to estimate acute and chronic exposures
of mammals and birds consuming aquatic organisms. Available pesticide-specific acute
and chronic toxicity data for mammals and birds were used to calculate risk quotients for
estimated exposures due to bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in an aquatic ecosystem.
Spray drift models, AGDISP and/or AgDRIFT are used to assess exposures of terrestrial
animals to chlorpyrifos deposited on terrestrial habitats by spray drift. In addition to the
buffered area from the spray drift analysis, the downstream extent of chlorpyrifos that
exceeds the LOG for the effects determination is also considered.
At this time the Agency does not have tools for quantitatively predicting oxon formation
and transport due to volatility. In order to account for the impact of offsite movement of
66
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chlorpyrifos oxon available monitoring data will be used as a surrogate for terrestrial
exposure estimates with an understanding that these data are limited and may under-
represent actual oxon exposure levels.
2.10.1.2 Measures of Effect
Data identified in Section 2.8 are used as measures of effect for direct and indirect effects
to the CRLF and SFB Species. Data were obtained from registrant submitted studies or
from literature studies identified by ECOTOX. The ecotoxicology database (ECOTOX)
was searched in order to provide more ecological effects data and in an attempt to bridge
existing data gaps. ECOTOX is a source for locating single chemical toxicity data for
aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. ECOTOX was created and is maintained by
the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, and the National Health and
Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Mid-Continent Ecology Division.
The assessment of risk for direct effects to the terrestrial-phase CRLF and terrestrial-
phase tiger salamanders, Alameda whipsnakes, San Francisco garter snakes] makes the
assumption that toxicity of chlorpyrifos to birds is similar to or less than the toxicity to
terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles (this also applies to potential prey items).
The acute measures of effect used for animals in this screening level assessment are the
LD50, LCso and ECso. LD stands for "Lethal Dose", and LD50 is the amount of a material,
given all at once, that is estimated to cause the death of 50% of the test organisms. LC
stands for "Lethal Concentration" and LC50 is the concentration of a chemical that is
estimated to kill 50% of the test organisms. EC stands for "Effective Concentration" and
the ECso is the concentration of a chemical that is estimated to produce a specific effect in
50% of the test organisms. Endpoints for chronic measures of exposure for listed and
non-listed animals are the NOAEL/NOAEC and NOEC. NOAEL stands for "No
Ob served-Adverse-Effect-Level" and refers to the highest tested dose of a substance that
has been reported to have no harmful (adverse) effects on test organisms. The NOAEC
(i.e., "No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Concentration") is the highest test concentration at
which none of the observed effects were statistically different from the control. The
NOEC is the No-Observed-Effects-Concentration. For non-listed plants, only acute
exposures are assessed (i.e., EC25 for terrestrial plants and ECso for aquatic plants).
It is important to note that the measures of effect for direct and indirect effects to the
assessed species and their designated critical habitat are associated with impacts to
survival, growth, and fecundity, and do not include the full suite of sublethal effects used
to define the action area. According the Overview Document (U.S. EPA, 2004), the
Agency relies on effects endpoints that are either direct measures of impairment of
survival, growth, or fecundity or endpoints for which there is a scientifically robust, peer
reviewed relationship that can quantify the impact of the measured effect endpoint on the
assessment endpoints of survival, growth, and fecundity.
2.10.1.3 Integration of Exposure and Effects
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Risk characterization is the integration of exposure and ecological effects characterization
to determine the potential ecological risk from agricultural and non-agricultural uses of
chlorpyrifos, and the likelihood of direct and indirect effects to CRLF and SFB Species in
aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The exposure and toxicity effects data are integrated in
order to evaluate the risks of adverse ecological effects on non-target species. For the
assessment of chlorpyrifos risks, the risk quotient (RQ) method is used to compare
exposure and measured toxicity values. EECs are divided by acute and chronic toxicity
values. The resulting RQs are then compared to the Agency's levels of concern (LOCs)
(U.S. EPA, 2004) (see Appendix B).
For this endangered species assessment, listed species LOCs are used for comparing RQ
values for acute and chronic exposures of chlorpyrifos directly to the CRLF and SFB
Species. If estimated exposures directly to the assessed species of chlorpyrifos resulting
from a particular use are sufficient to exceed the listed species LOG, then the effects
determination for that use is "may affect". When considering indirect effects to the
assessed species due to effects to prey, the listed species LOCs are also used. If
estimated exposures to the prey of the assessed species of chlorpyrifos resulting from a
particular use are sufficient to exceed the listed species LOG, then the effects
determination for that use is a "may affect." If the RQ being considered also exceeds the
non-listed species acute risk LOG, then the effects determination is a LAA. If the acute
RQ is between the listed species LOG and the non-listed acute risk species LOG, then
further lines of evidence (i.e. probability of individual effects, species sensitivity
distributions) are considered in distinguishing between a determination of NLAA and a
LAA. If the RQ being considered for a particular use exceeds the non-listed species LOG
for plants, the effects determination is "may affect". Further information on LOCs is
provided in Appendix B.
2.10.2 Data Gaps
A number of environmental fate and effects data have been requested as part of OPP's
Registration Review process. These data are focused primarily on filling gaps in the
assessment of the oxon of chlorpyrifos and include aerobic soil metabolism,
adsorption/desorption (batch equilibrium), field volatility, acute freshwater fish toxicity,
acute freshwater invertebrate toxicity, acute avian oral toxicity, and acute avian dietary
toxicity for the oxon. In addition, photodegradation in air and Tier I Phytotoxicity studies
have been requested for parent chlorpyrifos.
3 Exposure Assessment
Chlorpyrifos is formulated as a liquid, flowable concentrate, and granular
formulations. Application equipment includes ground application, aerial application,
band treatment, incorporated treatment, various sprayers (low-volume, hand held,
directed), and spreaders for granular applications]. Risks from ground boom and
aerial applications are considered in this assessment because they are expected to
result in the highest off-target levels of chlorpyrifos due to generally higher spray
drift levels. Ground boom and aerial modes of application tend to use lower volumes
68
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of application applied in finer sprays than applications coincident with sprayers and
spreaders and thus have a higher potential for off-target movement via spray drift.
3.1 Label Application Rates and Intervals
Chlorpyrifos labels may be categorized into two types: labels for manufacturing uses
(including technical grade chlorpyrifos and its formulated products) and end-use
products. While technical products, which contain chlorpyrifos of high purity, are not
used directly in the environment, they are used to make formulated products, which
can be applied in specific areas to control insects. The formulated product labels
legally limit chlorpyrifos's potential use to only those sites that are specified on the
labels. The uses being assessed are summarized in Table 3.1.
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Table 3.1 Summary of PRZM/EXAMS Exposure Assumptions for Chlorpyrifos
PRZM
Scenario
CA alfalfa OP
CA row crop
RLF
CA forestry
RLF
CA citrus STD
CA cole crop
RLF
Uses
Represented
Alfalfa
Clover
Alfalfa
Clover
Asparagus
Asparagus
Peanut
Soybean
Soybean
Peanut
Christmas trees
Citrus
Citrus Floor
Citrus Floor
Cole Crop
Leafy Vegetable
Rutabaga
Turnip
Radish
Legumes
Formulation
Type
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Flowable
Concentrate
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Application
Method
Air and ground
Ground incorporated
Air and ground
Ground incorporated
Ground
Ground & ground
incorporated
Seed treatment
Ground incorporated
Ground
Airblast
Ground
Ground incorporated
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground
Ground
Maximum
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
1
1
1.5
1
2
1
2
1
4
2
1
3
2.75
0.5
No.
Apps.
4
1
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
1
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
10
NA
10
10
10
14
10
7
30
10
10
NA
NA
First
Application
Date
March 1
March 1
August 1
August 1
August 1
August 1
August 1
June 1
October 1
October 1
October 1
March 1
March 1
March 1
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Table 3.1 Summary of PRZM/EXAMS Exposure Assumptions for Chlorpyrifos
PRZM
Scenario
CA corn OP
CA cotton
STD
CA grape STD
OR mint STD
CA onion STD
CA almond
STD
Uses
Represented
Legumes
Cole Crop
Leafy Vegetable
Rutabaga
Turnip (in
furrow)
Field and sweet
corn
Field and sweet
corn
Field and sweet
corn
Cotton
Cotton
Grapes
Mint
Dry bulb onion
Fig
Orchard Floor
Tree Fruit and
Nuts (dormant)
Formulation
Type
Flowable
Concentrate
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Flowable
Concentrate
Liquid
Flowable
Concentrate
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Application
Method
Seed treatment
Ground incorporated
Air and ground
Ground incorporated
Seed Treatment
Air and ground
Seed Treatment
Ground
Ground
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground
Airblast
Maximum
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
2.75
1
1
1
2.25
2
1
2
2
2
No.
Apps.
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
1
5
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
NA
10
10
10
NA
10
NA
NA
10
NA
First
Application
Date
March 1
May 1
May 1
August 1
March 1
April 1
March 1
May 1
May 1
December 1
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Table 3.1 Summary of PRZM/EXAMS Exposure Assumptions for Chlorpyrifos
PRZM
Scenario
CA fruit STD
CA wheat
RLF
CA
strawberry
RLF
CA sugar beet
OP
Uses
Represented
Tree Fruit and
Nuts (foliar)
Pear
Apple (dormant)
Grain sorghum
(milo)
Grain sorghum
(milo)
Grain sorghum
Sunflower
Wheat
Wheat
Sunflower
Strawberry
Sugarbeet (foliar)
Sugarbeet (soil
incorporated)
Sugarbeet (soil
incorporated)
Formulation
Type
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Flowable
Concentrate
Liquid
Liquid
Flowable
Concentrate
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Application
Method
Air and ground
Ground
Airblast
Air and ground
Ground incorporated
Seed Treatment
Ground & ground
incorporated
Air and ground
Seed Treatment
Ground incorporated
Ground & ground
incorporated
Air and ground
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground incorporated
Maximum
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
2
2
2
1
1.5
1.5
0.5
1.3
1
1
2
2
No.
Apps.
3
1
2
3
1
3
2
1
2
3
3
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
10
NA
10
10
NA
10
10
NA
10
10
10
NA
First
Application
Date
May 1
March 1
December 1
August 15
August 15
August 15
August 15
August 15
August 15
October 1
October 1
October 1
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Table 3.1 Summary of PRZM/EXAMS Exposure Assumptions for Chlorpyrifos
PRZM
Scenario
CA potato
RLF
CA rangeland
RLF
CA nursery
CA right of
way RLF
CA turf RLF
Uses
Represented
Sweet potato
Sweet potato
Ant mounds
Ornamentals
Ornamentals
Ornamentals
Road median
Road median
Turfgrass for Sod
Turfgrass
Formulation
Type
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Application
Method
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground incorporated
Ground spot treatment
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Maximum
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
2
2
2
8
4
6
1
1
4
1
No.
Apps.
1
1
2
1
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
NA
NA
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
First
Application
Date
October 1
October 1
May 1
March 1
March 1
March 1
June 1
June 1
June 1
June 1
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3.2 Aquatic Exposure Assessment
3.2.1 Modeling Approach
Aquatic exposures are quantitatively estimated for all of assessed uses using scenarios that
represent high exposure sites for chlorpyrifos use. Each of these sites represents a 10 hectare
field that drains into a 1-hectare pond that is 2 meters deep and has no outlet. Exposure
estimates generated using the standard pond are intended to represent a wide variety of
vulnerable water bodies that occur at the top of watersheds including prairie pot holes, playa
lakes, wetlands, vernal pools, man-made and natural ponds, and intermittent and first-order
streams. As a group, there are factors that make these water bodies more or less vulnerable than
the standard surrogate pond. Static water bodies that have larger ratios of drainage area to water
body volume would be expected to have higher peak EECs than the standard pond. These water
bodies will be either shallower or have large drainage areas (or both). Shallow water bodies tend
to have limited additional storage capacity, and thus, tend to overflow and carry pesticide in the
discharge whereas the standard pond has no discharge. As watershed size increases beyond 10
hectares, at some point, it becomes unlikely that the entire watershed is planted to a single crop,
which is all treated with the pesticide. Headwater streams can also have peak concentrations
higher than the standard pond, but they tend to persist for only short periods of time and are then
carried downstream. Uncertainties related to modeling EECs in estuarine/marine environments,
refer the reader to the Uncertainties Section.
Currently a suite of more than 80 PRZM scenarios are available for use in ecological risk
assessments representing predominantly agricultural uses. A total of 28 California specific
scenarios are available for this assessment. Each scenario is intended to represent a high-end
exposure setting for a particular crop. Each scenario location is selected based on various factors
including crop acreage, runoff and erosion potential, climate, and agronomic practices. Once a
location is selected, a scenario is developed using locally specific soil, climatic, and agronomic
data. Each PRZM scenario is assigned a specific climatic weather station providing 30 years of
daily weather values. Specific scenarios were selected for use in this assessment using two
criteria. First, an evaluation of all available PRZM scenarios was conducted, and those scenarios
that represent chlorpyrifos uses (e.g. corn) were selected for modeling. Weather information was
assigned to these scenarios at development. Of the 28 available scenarios 21 were selected for
modeling purposes.
Further description (metadata) and copies of the existing PRZM scenarios may be found at the
following websites.
http://www.epa.gov/oppefedl/models/water/index.htmtfprzmexamsshell
http://www.epa.gov/oppefedl/models/water/przmenvironmentdisclaim.htm
Use-specific management practices for all of the assessed uses of chlorpyrifos were used for
modeling, including application rates, number of applications per year, application intervals, and
buffer widths and resulting spray drift values modeled from AgDRIFT and AgDISP, and the first
application date for each use. The date of first application was developed based on several
sources of information including data provided by BEAD, a summary of individual applications
from the CDPR PUR data, and Crop Profiles maintained by the USD A. A sample of the
74
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distribution of chlorpyrifos applications to grapes from the CDPR PUR data for 2007 used to
pick a March 1 application date is shown in Figure 3.1
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
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_cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv> _cv>
1 ««V ^VVVVVV*
Figure 3.1 Summary of Applications of Chlorpyrifos to Grapes in 2007 from CDPR PUR
data.
More detail on the crop profiles and the previous assessments may be found at:
http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/cropprofiles.cfm
3.2.2 Model Inputs
Chlorpyrifos is an insecticide used on a wide variety of food and non-food crops. Chlorpyrifos
environmental fate data used for generating model parameters is listed in Table 2.2. The input
parameters for PRZM and EXAMS are in Table 3.2.
75
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Table 3.2 PRZM/EXAMS chemical specific input parameters for chlorpyrifos a
Parameter
CAM
Soil Incorporation
Application efficiency
Spray drift1
Vapor pressure (25 °C)
Solubility in water
Molecular weight
Henry's Law constant
Soil adsorption coefficient Koc
Hydrolysis half-life
Aqueous photolysis half-life
Aerobic soil metabolism
Aerobic aquatic metabolism (ti/2)
Anaerobic aquatic metabolism
(tl/2)
Input Value and Unit
2 - Foliar
1 - Soil surface broadcast (no
incorporation)
4 - Incorporated
0 cm - Foliar & granular surface
broadcast (alfalfa, asparagus, ant
mound, citrus, nursery, right of
way, & turf)
5 cm incorporation - cole crop,
corn, sorghum, soybean,
sugarbeet, sunflower
7.5 cm incorporation - peanut
10 cm incorporation - sweet
potato
0.95 (aerial & airblast)
0.99 (ground)
1.00 (granular)
3.9% (aerial)
0.6% (air-blast)
0.7% (ground)
0.0% (granular)
1. 82x1 0'5 torr
2mg/L
350.6 g/moles
4.2xlO-6atm-m3/mol
6070 L/mg-OC
72 days (pH 7)
29.6 days @ pH7
76.9 days2
153. 8 days
81.5 days
Source
Depths of incorporation
determined from labels
EFED Model Input Guidance,
Version II (2002)
AgDrift Modeling Using Label
Restrictions
Solubility
U.S. EPA 2002
U.S. EPA 2002
U.S. EPA 2002
U.S. EPA 2002
2x the aerobic soil metabolism
input value
2x the anaerobic soil metabolism
rate
a Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of
Pesticides, Version II" dated February 28, 2002.
1 - Alternate drift values for wheat are used based on different labeled buffers. The alternate values are 2.4% for
aerial applications using a 300 ft buffer and 0.7% for ground applications using a 30 ft buffer.
2 - 90th % of all available aerobic soil metabolism data
In addition, chlorpyrifos is registered as a flowable concentrate which is used as a seed treatment
use. EFED modeled these uses using the labels rates summarized in Table 3.3. These rates were
76
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adjusted from the labeled rates in ounces of product per 100 Ibs of seed to Ibs ai/acre. Each use
was modeled as a soil applied application similar to granular applications and no drift was
assumed. The resulting EEC are summarized with all other uses assessed in Table 3.4.
Table 3.3 Application Rates for Chlorpyrifos Pre-plant Seed Treatment
(Mist, Slurry and
Use Pattern
Corn
Cotton
Soybean
Cucumbers
Sorghum
Beans
Wheat
Planter/Drill boxes)
Application
Rate (cwt *)
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
Seeding Rate
(lb/Acre)8
18.3
10
60
3
12
0.5
89
Application Rate (Ib a.i./Acre)
0.010797
0.0059
0.0354
0.00177
0.00708
0.000295
0.05251
cwt= hundredweight (i.e., lbs/100 Ibs of seeds).
3.2.3 Results
The aquatic EECs for the various scenarios and application practices are listed in Table 3.4.
Several labeled uses allow for both soil surface and soil incorporated applications. Where
appropriate, both application types have been assessed. The incorporation depths have been
selected based on label instructions. The majority of PRZM scenarios yielded peak EEC
between 0.3 ppb and 8.0 ppb. Two exceptions to this were peak EEC for cole crops at 16.3 ppb
and outdoor nursery uses with EEC between 22 ppb and 45 ppb depending on the formulation
and use rate. The cole crop EEC is driven by the fact that these are coastal uses with a relatively
high application rate (3 Ibs applied 3 times per year). The nursery EEC are likely over-estimates
because the modeling assumes a broadcast application across the use site while the label
specifies that chlorpyrifos is typically applied directly to the target plant and not across the entire
site. If the percent coverage for the target plant (e.g. ornamental trees) across the use site were
10 to 20% of the entire site these EEC would be consistent with the other uses modeled. In
general, these modeled EEC are consistent with data in surface water monitoring particularly
from the CDPR data (discussed below) that show chlorpyrifos detections as high as 4 ppb as
recently as 2003.
8 Barley: http://www.aq.ndsu.edu/procrop/bar/baseed04.htm
Corn, cotton, rice and wheat: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke energy/
Flax, rye, safflower sorghum: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/flax.html
Oats: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/em/em8692/
Tomatoes: http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/vegetable/cropguides/tomato.html
Triticali: http://southeastfarmpress.com/news/90204Triticale-cover/
Other Reference: http://www.reimerseeds.com/Search.aspx?Kevword=Triticali
77
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Table 3.4 Aquatic EECs (ug/L) for Chlorpyrifos Uses in California
PRZM
Scenario
CA alfalfa
OP
CA row crop
RLF
CA forestry
RLF
CA citrus
STD
CA cole crop
RLF
Uses
Represented
Alfalfa
Clover
Alfalfa
Clover
Asparagus
Asparagus
Peanut
Soybean
Soybean
Peanut
Christmas trees
Citrus
Citrus Floor
Citrus Floor
Cole Crop
Leafy Vegetable
Rutabaga
Turnip
Radish
Formulation
Type
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Flowable
Concentrate
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Application
Method
Air and ground
Ground
incorporated
Air and ground
Ground
incorporated
Ground
Ground & ground
incorporated
Seed treatment
Ground
incorporated
Ground
Airblast
Ground
Ground
incorporated
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
1
1
1.5
1
2
1
0.0354
2
1
4
2
1
3
2.75
No.
Apps.
4
1
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
10
NA
10
10
NS
14
14
10
7
30
10
10
NA
Peak
EEC
4.1
0.3
4.8
2.0
2.6
2.9
2.1
0.07
0.8
6.3
2.8
1.8
0.5
16.3
5.9
21-day
average
EEC
2.5
0.2
2.8
0.9
1.2
1.6
1.0
0.03
0.4
2.9
1.3
1.0
0.2
8.3
2.9
60-day
average
EEC
1.9
0.1
1.8
0.5
0.7
1.2
0.6
0.02
0.2
1.9
0.7
0.6
0.1
5.4
1.9
78
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Table 3.4 Aquatic EECs (ug/L) for Chlorpyrifos Uses in California
PRZM
Scenario
CA corn OP
CA cotton
STD
CA grape
STD
OR mint
STD
CA onion
STD
CA almond
STD
Uses
Represented
Legumes
Legumes
Cole Crop
Leafy Vegetable
Rutabaga
Turnip (in
furrow)
Field and sweet
corn
Field and sweet
corn
Field and sweet
corn
Cotton
Cotton
Grapes
Mint
Dry bulb onion
Fig
Orchard Floor
Tree Fruit and
Nuts (dormant)
Formulation
Type
Liquid
Flowable
Concentrate
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Flowable
Concentrate
Liquid
Flowable
Concentrate
Liquid
Liquid
liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Application
Method
Ground
Seed treatment
Ground
incorporated
Air and ground
Ground
incorporated
Seed treatment
Air and ground
Seed treatment
Ground
Ground
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground & ground
incorporated
Ground
Airblast
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
0.5
0.000295
2.75
1
1
0.0108
1
0.0059
2.25
2
1
2
2
2
No.
Apps.
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
1
5
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
NA
NA
NA
10
10
10
10
10
NA
NS
NA
NA
10
NA
Peak
EEC
1.1
0.0003
6.3
3.9
1.1
0.01
5.1
0.007
1.2
2.4
1.9
1.1
1.0
6.8
3.3
21-day
average
EEC
0.5
0.0001
3.2
2.3
0.6
0.006
2.5
0.005
0.6
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.5
3.7
1.5
60-day
average
EEC
0.3
0.00007
2.0
1.6
0.3
0.003
2.0
0.004
0.3
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.3
2.0
0.9
79
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Table 3.4 Aquatic EECs (ug/L) for Chlorpyrifos Uses in California
PRZM
Scenario
CA fruit
STD
CA wheat
RLF
CA
strawberry
RLF
CA
sugarbeet OP
CA wheat
RLF
CA potato
RLF
Uses
Represented
Tree Fruit and
Nuts (foliar)
Pear
Apple (dormant)
Grain sorghum
(milo)
Grain sorghum
(milo)
Grain sorghum
Strawberry
Sugarbeet
(foliar)
Sugarbeet (soil
incorporated)
Sugarbeet (soil
incorporated)
Sunflower
Wheat
Wheat
Sunflower
Sweet potato
Formulation
Type
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Flowable
Concentrate
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Flowable
Concentrate
Granular
Liquid
Application
Method
Air and ground
Ground
Airblast
Air and ground
Ground
incorporated
Seed treatment
Ground & ground
incorporated
Air and ground
Ground
incorporated
Ground & ground
incorporated
Air and ground
Ground & ground
incorporated
Seed treatment
Ground
incorporated
Ground & ground
incorporated
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
2
2
2
1
1.5
0.00708
1
1
2
2
1.5
0.5
0.05251
1.3
2
No.
Apps.
3
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
3
1
3
2
2
1
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
10
NA
10
10
NA
NA
10
10
10
NA
10
NS
NS
NA
NA
Peak
EEC
7.1
1.3
3.2
5.3
0.9
0.004
4.5
3.3
3.6
0.5
7.9
1.3
0.07
0.8
1.7
21-day
average
EEC
4.2
0.6
1.8
2.5
0.5
0.002
1.9
1.9
1.6
0.2
3.8
0.7
0.04
0.4
0.7
60-day
average
EEC
3.0
0.3
0.8
1.8
0.3
0.002
1.2
1.4
1.1
0.1
2.7
0.5
0.03
0.3
0.4
80
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Table 3.4 Aquatic EECs (ug/L) for Chlorpyrifos Uses in California
PRZM
Scenario
CA
rangeland
RLF
CA nursery
CA right of
way RLF
CA turf RLF
Uses
Represented
Sweet potato
Ant mounds
Ant mounds
Ornamentals
Ornamentals
Ornamentals
Road median
Road median
Turfgrass for
Sod
Turfgrass
Formulation
Type
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Liquid
Granular
Application
Method
Ground
incorporated
Ground spot
treatment
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground -
broadcast
Application
Rate
(Ibs ai/acre)
2
2
2
8
4
6
1
1
4
1
No.
Apps.
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Minimum
Interval
(days)
NA
10
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Peak
EEC
0.4
1.9
1.9
45.1
22.6
32.1
1.5
1.5
1.6
0.08
21-day
average
EEC
0.2
0.9
0.9
20.1
10.1
14.4
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.04
60-day
average
EEC
0.1
0.7
0.5
11.9
6.0
8.6
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.02
81
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In addition, a limited set of sediment concentration were estimated using PRZM/EXAMS. The
scenarios resulting in the highest and lowest water concentrations were used to predict both
sediment and pore water. The scenarios selected were the outdoor nursery use, cole crop
(selected to provide the next lowest EEC due to uncertainty with the nursery scenario), and the
granular turf use. The granular turf yielded the lowest water EEC. Results for these three
scenarios are presented in Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 Summary of Sediment and Pore Water EEC using selected PRZM
scenarios
Pore Water Concentration Sediment Concentration
Scenario
CA Cole Crops
CA Nursery
CA Turf
Peak
3.789
5.898
0.018
fag/L)
21-day
average
3.740
5.799
0.018
60-day
average
3.497
5.341
0.017
Peak
0.921
1.431
0.004
(mg/kg)
21-day
average
0.909
1.411
0.004
60-day
average
0.850
1.296
0.004
Considering that the log Kow value for chlorpyrifos exceeds 4, and that chlorpyrifos can persist
for relatively long periods of time in aquatic ecosystems, the KABAM model was used to
evaluate potential exposure and risk via bioaccumulation and biomagnification in aquatic food
webs. Previous analyses using an earlier version of the KABAM model indicate relatively close
agreement between its predicted bioconcentration factor (BCF) and those reported from
experimental studies for chlorpyrifos (USEPA 2007; D346213). Details of the bioaccumulation
assessment for chlorpyrifos in relation to the assessed species are provided in Section 5.2.4.1.
Estimated Bioconcentration Factor values
In order to estimate Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) values for aquatic organisms accumulating
chlorpyrifos, KABAM was run, using a log (Kow) of 4.7 to represent the partitioning of
chlorpyrifos to aquatic organisms. The body characteristics of organisms in the model trophic
levels are depicted in Table 3.6. The resulting BCF values for these trophic levels are depicted in
Table 3.7. Output files from KABAM are provided in Table 5.19 and Appendix C.
Table 3.6 Characteristics of aquatic biota of the model ecosystem.
Trophic Level
sediment*
phytoplankton
zooplankton
benthic invertebrates
filter feeders
small fish
medium fish
large fish
Wet Weight (kg)
N/A
N/A
1.0E-07
1.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-02
1.0E-01
1.0E+00
% lipids
0.0%
2.0%
3.0%
3.0%
2.0%
4.0%
4.0%
4.0%
% Non-lipid Organic
Matter
4.0%
8.0%
12.0%
21 .0%
13.0%
23.0%
23.0%
23.0%
% Water
96.0%
90.0%
85.0%
76.0%
85.0%
73.0%
73.0%
73.0%
* N/A = not applicable Note that sediment is not a trophic level. It is included in this table
because it is consumed by aquatic organisms of the KABAM foodweb.
82
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Table 3.7 Total BCFand BAF values of Chlorpyrifos in aquatic trophic levels.
Trophic Level
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Benthic Invertebrates
Filter Feeders
Small Fish
Medium Fish
Large Fish
Total Bioconcentration Factor
(ug/kg-ww)/(ug/L)
2407
1715
1837
1208
2363
2363
2409
Total Bioaccumulation Factor
(ug/kg-ww)/(ug/L)
2312
1738
1894
1245
2618
2861
3411
KABAM was run in default mode (see user's guide for full description), with a Log Kow = 4.7, a
Koc = 6070 L/mg-OC (see Table 3.2); and surface water and pore water EECs of 5.36 and 3.31
ppb, respectively. These EECs were generated by PRZM/EXAMS and based on the cole crop
ground application (See Table 3.7).
3.2.4 Existing Monitoring Data
A critical step in the process of characterizing EECs is comparing the modeled estimates with
available surface water monitoring data. Included in this assessment are chlorpyrifos data from
the USGS NAWQA program (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa) and data from the California
Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) as well as a summary of data from open literature
and registrant submitted studies. In addition, air monitoring data for chlorpyrifos are
summarized.
3.2.4.1 USGS NAWQA Surface Water Data
The USGS NAWQA program database was accessed on May 27, 2009 and all chlorpyrifos
related data was extracted including both parent chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon in surface
water. The data extraction was limited to NAWQA sites within California only. For parent
chlorpyrifos a total of 2230 samples were available where chlorpyrifos had been analyzed for.
Of these, there are 865 samples with detectable levels of chlorpyrifos and 286 samples with
estimated concentrations below the limit of quantitation (LOQ). The combined detections and
estimated detections yield a frequency of detection for chlorpyrifos of 52%. The maximum
detected value was 0.4 ppb in 2001 from Merced county (Station ID #11261100). The NAWQA
samples with the highest detections typically occur in a period between late winter and mid
summer.
For chlorpyrifos oxon a total of 430 samples were analyzed and of these a total of 4 samples had
estimated detections below the LOQ for a frequency of detection of 1%. The maximum
estimated value was 0.0346 ppb from 2004 in Merced county (Station ID #373112120382901)
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3.2.4.2 USGS NAWQA Groundwater Data
The USGS NAWQA program database was accessed on June 8, 2009 and all chlorpyrifos related
data was extracted including both parent chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon in groundwater.
The data extraction was limited to NAWQA sites within California only. For parent chlorpyrifos
a total of 828 samples were available where chlorpyrifos had been analyzed for. Of these, there
are 1 sample with detectable levels of chlorpyrifos and no samples with estimated concentrations
below the limit of quantitation (LOQ). The combined detections and estimated detections yield a
frequency of detection for chlorpyrifos of 0.1%. The maximum detected value was 0.006 ppb in
1993 from Merced county (Station ID # 363805119345001). For chlorpyrifos oxon a total of
328 samples were analyzed and of these no samples had either detected or estimated detections.
While not conclusive these data suggest that groundwater is not a significant route of exposure
for this chlorpyrifos.
3.2.4.3 California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CPR) Data
The California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) maintains a Surface Water Database
of pesticide detections in surface waters of the entire state updated through June 2008. The
Agency accessed this data base and extracted the chlorpyrifos specific results. The database is
split into regional files which the Agency re-assembled into a single spreadsheet for analysis. In
addition, the database contains data on sediment sampling and these also were extracted for
chlorpyrifos. The data represents monitoring data collected between 1991 and 2005.
For surface water the database contained 7400 samples with 1857 detections of chlorpyrifos
yielding a frequency of detection of roughly 25%. The maximum detection was 3.96 ppb in
2003 from a sample in Quail Creek (ID # 7929) in Monterey County. Overall, 10 samples had
concentrations greater than 1 ppb though most of these were collected prior to 2000. However,
three of the samples greater than one were collected post 2000 with most of the highest
detections occurring in Monterey and Stanislaus counties. In addition, the samples with the
highest concentratins typically occur in the spring and summer. The locations of the surface
water sites are shown in Figure 3.2.
84
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Figure 3.2 Location of CDPR surface water sites with chlorpyrifos detections relative to
landcover.
Sites in red represent locations with detections greater than 1 ppb.
The Agency also accessed the sediment portion of the database. A total of 24 analytical results
were available from 2004 in Placer County. Of these, 9 samples had detectable levels of
chlorpyrifos in sediment. The highest concentration detected was 0.019 ppm.
3.2.4.4 Open Literature Data
The Agency has also completed a review of open literature data on the occurrence of
chlorpyrifos in surface waters of the State of California (Bailey et al., 2000; Kozlowski et al.,
2004; Schulz, 2004; Schiff and Tiefenthaler, 2003; Schiff and Sutual, 2004; Bacey and Spurlock,
2007; Bacey 2005; Starner et al., 2003; Spurlock, 2002; Giesy et al., 1999; and Poletika et al.,
2002; and Ross et al., 2000). The focus of this review has been on occurrence data subsequent to
2000 although an overall CDPR summary review (Spurlock et al., 2002) provided an excellent
85
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summary of pre-RED exposures. In general, these studies cover a range of aquatic habitats from
small highly vulnerable habitats such as irrigation ditches to rivers and coastal lagoons. Overall,
chlorpyrifos exposures in these studies ranged from lows of 0.004 ppb to high of 3.8 ppb.
Exceptions to this were high concentrations from Kozlowski et al., 2004; Schiff and
Thiefenthaler, 2003; and Singhasemanon, et al., 1998. Kozlowski et al., 2004 documented a
maximum concentration of 28.5 ppb, however the value in Kozlowski represented a total
chlorpyrifos exposure including a water component of 0.85 ppb and chlorpyrifos bound to
suspended sediment of roughly 27 ppb. In Schiff and Thiefenthaler, 2003 surface water
concentrations from residential neighborhoods were documented in both wet and dry seasons
with chlorpyrifos concentrations generally below 1 ppb although a single exposure period in
2001 yielded concentrations as high as 10 ppb from two of three sites. It should be noted that the
residential values in Schiff represented a period prior to the phase out of urban uses of
chlorpyrifos. In Singhasemanon et al., 1998 sampling was conduced from POTW influent and
effluent sampling and chlorpyrifos was again generally below 1 ppb though a single effluent
sample from a POTW with a pet grooming facility was as high as 38 ppb which again was from
a period prior to the phase out of many non agricultural uses. Finally, a series of registrant
sponsored edge of field runoff studies were considered which indicated generally higher
exposures of up to 58 ppb in runoff. The overall trend is for decreasing exposures likely due to
label changes and use limitations implemented in the RED process and that lower exposures are
generally found in rivers relative to smaller habitats such as ditches and tributaries.
3.2.4.5 Atmospheric Monitoring Data
Both parent chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon have been detected in numerous studies
indicating atmospheric transport is a significant concern (McConnell et al., 1998; Sparling et al.,
2001; Lenoir et al., 1999; Fellers et al., 2004; Majewski and Capel, 1995; Zamora et al., 2003;
Vogel et al., 2008; Landers et al., 2008; Aston and Seiber, 1997; Hageman et al., 2006; Zabik
and Seiber, 1993; and Usenko et al., 2005). Evidence that these data represent long range
transport and not edge of field spray drift events are noted in the studies and focus primarily on
occurrence in areas far afield from agricultural sites where chlorpyrifos is likely applied. In fact,
many of these studies document the occurrence of chlorpyrifos in various media (air, rain, and
snow) at high elevations in the Sierra Nevada mountains where no applications occur. The
following summarizes some of the key findings from selected studies with emphasis on
occurrence data from California.
Majewski and Capel, 1995 summarized available literature documenting atmospheric transport
across the United States and found chlorpyrifos in rain between 1.3 to 180 ng/1, in air between
0.005 to 199 ng/m3, and in fog between 1.3 to 14,200 ng/1. Locally McConnell et al., 1998
detected chlorpyrifos up to 220 ng/1 in high mountain lake water, in rain/snow samples in high
Sierra mountain locations up to 180 ng/1, and in fog water up to 14,200. McConnell, 2005 found
chlorpyrifos in Tahoe snow at approximately 4.5 ng/1, Yosemite snow at 11 ng/1, Sequoia snow
at 9 ng/1, and in Sequoia National Park found chlorpyrifos oxon at 5.5 ng/1. Sparling et al., 2001
found chlorpyrifos in air at 25ng/g while LeNoir et al., 1999 found chlorpyrifos in air at up to
17.5 ng/m3 and chlorpyrifos oxon at up to 30.4 ng/m3, in dry deposition samples found
chlorpyrifos at up to 24 ng.m2/day and the oxon at up to 80 ng/m2/day, and LeNoir found parent
above 1000 m > 100 ng/1 and the oxon above 1000 m > 37 ng/1. Landers et al, 2008 found
86
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chlorpyrifos in vegetation samples from US National Parks between 1 to 31 ng/g lipid with
increasing concentrations with elevation and the highest samples from Yosemite Park.
Additional studies by USGS and the State of California (Zamora et al., 2003; Vogel et al., 2008;
Spector et al., 2004) found local concentrations in agricultural settings of between 0.04 and 1.84
ppb in rainfall for parent and up to 0.1 ppb of chlorpyrifos oxon in the Central Valley..
3.2.4.6 Comparison of Modeling and Surface Water Monitoring Data
In general comparison of modeled and monitored surface water data suggests that EEC estimated
by PRZM/EXAMS are providing a reasonable upper bound estimate of potential exposure from
chlorpyrifos to CRLF and SFB species in most aquatic habitats. In addition a total of 28 PRZM
scenarios are available for California and of these 21 were used in this assessment including the
most vulnerable scenarios available which are associated with uses in Northern California and
the coastal regions near San Francisco (where the CRLF and SFB species are located). With the
exception of the nursery scenarios most modeled EEC are between 0.1 ppb and 16 ppb with the
bulk of the use sites between 1 ppb and 6 ppb. By way of comparison most monitoring data
yields exposures well below 1 ppb although individual results have yielded results as high as 10
ppb for water only and up to 28 ppb for water/sediment mixtures. Higher concentrations were
seen in registrant sponsored edge of field runoff studies and while these may represent extreme
exposures they will generally represent transient exposures that will ultimately be diluted once
reaching aquatic habitats. Overall, these data suggest a general concurrence between modeling
and lend credence to the use of the modeled EEC in estimating risk.
3.3 Terrestrial Animal Exposure Assessment
T-REX (Version 1.3.1) is used to calculate dietary and dose-based EECs of chlorpyrifos for
birds, mammals, and terrestrial invertebrates. T-REX simulates a 1-year time period. For this
assessment, spray and granular applications of chlorpyrifos are considered, as discussed below.
RQ's for granular and seed treatment applications are not based on EECs but rather calculated in
terms of LDso per square foot. Therefore, EECs for granular and seed treatments are not
generated for these uses.
Terrestrial EECs for foliar formulations of chlorpyrifos were derived for the uses summarized in
Table 3.8. Crop-specific decline data for residues of chlorpyrifos from submitted crop field trial
studies are available for several commodities. Based on available data, foliar dissipation half-
lives have been derived all commodities treated with liquid formulations. Using conservative
assumptions, maximum half-life values from representative commodities were used for
individual commodities (e.g., sugarbeet tops for leafy commodities, sorghum for grain crops and
dormant tree crops, apple for fruit and nut commodities etc.) Use-specific input values,
including number of applications, application rate, foliar half-life and application interval are
provided in Tables 3.8 to 3.10. An example output from T-REX is available in Appendix D.
87
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Table 3.8 Input Parameters for Foliar Applications Used to Derive Terrestrial EECs for
Chlorpyrifos with T-REX
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground,
Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut
(Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig
(Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground;
Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn,
Cotton, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chinese Cabbage,
Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip
(Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Application
rate
(Ibs ai/A)
1
2
2
1.5
2
1
4
1
o
J
1.5
2.25
2
1
2
1
1.5
0.5
4
4
Number
of
Applications
4
3
2
3
1
3
2
3
3
2
1
3
3
1
3
3
2
I5
26
Application
Interval
(days)
10
10
10
10
NA
7
30
10
10
10
N/A
N/A
14
N/A
10
10
10
NA
7
Foliar
Dissipation
Half-Life
18 1
22 2
53
18
5
18
II4
5
18
22
5
18
5
22
18
5
5
18
18
Alfalfa, Asparagus, Christmas Tree, Cole Crop, Mint, Strawberry, Sugarbeet, Ornamentals, Turf Grass - Representative
commodity - Sugarbeet tops (MRID 00101566)
2 Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, Cranberry, Strawberry - Representative commodity Apple (MRID
00095264)
3 Apple, Cherry, Com/Cotton, Grape, Fig, Sunflower, Wheat - Representative commodity Sorghum (MRID 00046785)
4 Citrus - Representative commodity Orange (MRID 00095260)
Number of applications and application intervals are not specified on the label; a single application is assumed
Number of applications is not specified on the label; two applications at 7 day intervals are assumed
N/A = Non-applicable
-------
Table 3.9 Input Parameters for Granular Applications Used to Derive Terrestrial EECs
for Chlorpyrifos with T-REX
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa, Onion (In-furrow)
Asparagus, Citrus Orchard Floors, Corn, Road Median, Turf Grass
(Broadcast: Ground Lightly Incorporated)
Citrus Orchard Floor (Broadcast: Ground Unincorporated)
Cole Crop (Brassica) Leafy Vegetables and Radish, Rutabaga and Turnip
(T-band: Lightly Incorporated)
Corn (Broadcast: Aerial)
Peanut, Sweet Potato, Tobacco (Broadcast: Ground Lightly Incorporated)
Sorghum - Grain Sorghum (Milo) (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Soybean (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sugarbeet (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sunflower (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sweet Potato (Broadcast; Ground Incorporated)
Outdoor Nurseries (Broadcast; Unincorporated)
Application
rate (Ibs
ai/A)
1
1
1
2.25
1
2
1.5
2
1.2
1.3
2
62
Row
Spacing
(in)1
18
NA
NA
18
NA
NA
18
18
18
18
NA
NA
Band
Width
(in)
4
NA
NA
4
NA
NA
6
4
4
4
NA
NA
1 Row spacing and band width parameters based on label specifications
6 Ib ai/A for commercial approved use only
Table 3.10 Input Parameters for Seed Treatment Applications Used to Derive Terrestrial
EECs for Chlorpyrifos with T-REX
Use
Field Beans, Green Beans, Kidney Beans, Lima Beans, Navy Beans, Snap
Beans, String Beans, Wax Beans, Black-Eyed Peas, Field Peas, Garden
Peas, Corn, Cucumbers, Pumpkins
Cotton
Sorghum, Wheat
Application rate (fl oz/100 Ibs seed)
2.75
5.5
0.114
Upper-bound Kenega nomogram values reported by T-REX are used for derivation of dietary
EECs for the CRLF, California clapper rail, CA tiger salamander and San Francisco garter snake,
and their potential prey (Table 3.11 & 3.12). Potential direct effects of Chlorpyrifos to the
terrestrial-phase CRLF, juvenile California clapper rail, CA tiger salamander and San Francisco
garter snake are derived by considering dose-based exposures modeled in T-REX for a small bird
(20g) consuming small invertebrates. Potential direct effects to the adult California clapper rail
are derived by considering dose-based EECs modeled in T-REX for a 100 g bird consuming a
variety of dietary items.
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Table 3.11 Chlorpyrifos Dietary and Dose-Based EECs for CRLF, Juvenile California
clapper rail, CA tiger salamander and San Francisco garter snake and their Prey
Use (Application method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut,
(Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig
(Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground;
Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn,
Cotton, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chinese Cabbage, Collar,
Kale, Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar;
Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
EECs for SFB Listed
Species
Dietary-
based EEC
(ppm)
332
611
338
434
270
317
636
177
868
350
304
579
157
270
289
266
84
540
952
Dose-based
EEC1
(mg/kg-bw)
378
696
384
494
308
361
724
202
989
399
346
659
179
308
330
303
96
615
1085
EECs for Prey
(small mammals)
Dietary-
based EEC
(ppm)
590
1086
600
772
480
563
1130
315
1543
623
540
1029
279
480
514
473
150
960
1693
Dose-based
EEC2
(mg/kg-bw)
563
1035
572
736
458
537
1077
300
1471
594
515
981
266
458
490
451
143
915
1614
20 g Avian Consuming Broadleaf Plants/sm Insects 15 g Mammal Consuming Short Grass
(Size/class not used for dietary-based EECs)
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Table 3.12 Chlorpyrifos Dose-Based EECs for the Adult California Clapper Rail
Use (Application method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground; Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chinese
Cabbage, Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar; Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Dose-based EEC
(mg/kg-bw)
216
397
219
281
176
206
413
115
564
228
197
376
102
176
188
173
55
351
619
1 100 g Avian Consuming Broadleaf Plants/sm Insects
Potential direct acute and chronic effects specifically to the Salt Marsh harvest mouse are derived
by considering dose- and dietary-based EECs modeled in T-REX for a small mammal (15 g)
consuming a variety of dietary items. Potential direct acute and chronic effects specifically to
the San Joaquin fox are derived by considering dose- and dietary-based EECs modeled in T-REX
for a large mammal (1,000 g) consuming a variety of dietary items (Table 3.13).
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Table 3.13 Chlorpyrifos Dietary and Dose-based EECs for the Salt Marsh Mouse and San
Joaquin Kit Fox
Use (Application method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, (Foliar;
Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig
(Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground;
Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton,
Broccoli, Cabbage, Chinese Cabbage, Collar, Kale,
Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar; Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
San Joaquin Kit
Fox
Dose-based EEC
(mg/kg/bw) '
90
166
92
118
73
86
173
48
236
95
83
157
43
73
79
72
23
147
259
Salt Marsh Mouse
Dietary-
based EEC
(ppm)
590
1086
600
772
480
563
1130
315
1543
623
540
1029
279
480
514
473
150
960
1693
Dose-based
EEC
(mg/kg-bw) 2
563
1035
572
736
458
537
1077
300
1471
594
515
981
266
458
490
451
143
915
1614
1 1000 g Mammal Consuming Short Grass; 2 15 g Mammal Consuming Short Grass
T-REX is also used to calculate EECs for terrestrial insects exposed to chlorpyrifos. Dietary-
based EECs calculated by T-REX for small and large insects (units of a.i./g) are used to bound
an estimate of exposure to bees. Available acute contact toxicity data for bees exposed to
chlorpyrifos (in units of jig a.i./bee), are converted to jig a.i./g (of bee) by multiplying by 1
bee/0.128 g. The EECs are later compared to the adjusted acute contact toxicity data for bees in
order to derive RQs. Dietary-based EECs for small and large insects reported by T-REX as well
as the resulting adjusted EECs are available in Table 3.14. An example output from T-REX v.
1.4.1 is available in Appendix D.
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Table 3.14 EECs (ppm) for Terrestrial Invertebrates
Use
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast
Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground; Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton, Broccoli, Cabbage,
Chinese Cabbage, Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar;
Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Small Insect
332
611
338
434
270
317
636
177
868
350
304
579
157
270
289
266
84
540
952
Large Insect
37
68
38
48
30
35
70
20
97
39
42
64
18
30
32
30
9
60
105
3.4 Terrestrial Plant Exposure Assessment
Since there are no terrestrial plant toxicity data available, exposures were not quantitatively
estimated. See Section 5.2 for a qualitative discussion regarding the potential effects of
chlorpyrifos on CRLF via effects to terrestrial plants.
4 Effects Assessment
This assessment evaluates the potential for chlorpyrifos to directly or indirectly affect the
California red-legged frog, Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse,
California tiger salamander, San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp, San
Joaquin kit fox, Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly, or modify their
designated critical habitat. As previously discussed in Section 2.7, assessment endpoints for the
effects determination for the assessed species include direct toxic effects on survival,
reproduction, and growth, as well as indirect effects, such as reduction of the prey base and/or
effects to habitat. In addition, potential effects to critical habitat were assessed by evaluating
effects to the PCEs, which are components of the critical habitat areas that provide essential
needs of each assessed species, such as water quality and food base (see Section 2.4). Direct
effects to the Delta smelt and aquatic-phase of both California red-legged frog and California
tiger salamander were based on toxicity information for freshwater fish and amphibian data,
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while terrestrial-phase amphibian effects (terrestrial-phase of both California red-legged frog and
California tiger salamander) and reptiles (San Francisco garter snake) were based on avian
toxicity data, given that birds are generally used as a surrogate for terrestrial-phase amphibians
and reptiles.
As described in the Agency's Overview Document (U.S. EPA, 2004), the most sensitive
endpoint for each taxon is used for risk estimation. For this assessment, evaluated taxa include
the species listed in the previous paragraph, but their evaluation necessitated the evaluation of
other freshwater fish (also used as a surrogate for aquatic-phase amphibians), freshwater
invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish, estuarine/marine invertebrates, aquatic plants, birds (also
used as a surrogate for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles), mammals, terrestrial
invertebrates, and terrestrial plants. Acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) toxicity
information was characterized based on registrant-submitted studies and a comprehensive review
of the open literature on chlorpyrifos.
Toxicity endpoints were established based on data generated from guideline studies submitted by
the registrant, and from open literature studies that meet the criteria for inclusion into the
ECOTOX database maintained by EPA/Office of Research and Development (ORD) (U.S. EPA,
2004). Open literature data presented in this assessment were obtained from the Re-registration
Eligibility Decision (RED) document (USEPA, 2002) as well as ECOTOX information obtained
on October 23, 2007 and June 4, 2009. In order to be included in the ECOTOX database, papers
must meet the following minimum criteria:
• toxic effects are related to single chemical exposure;
• toxic effects are on an aquatic or terrestrial plant or animal species;
• a biological effect is identified on live, whole organisms;
• a concurrent environmental chemical concentration/dose or application rate is
reported; and
• duration of exposure is explicit.
Data that pass the ECOTOX screen are evaluated along with the registrant-submitted data, and
may be incorporated qualitatively or quantitatively into this endangered species assessment. In
general, only effects data in the open literature that are more conservative than the registrant-
submitted data are considered. In this case, all amphibian and copepod (the favorite food of the
red-legged frog) data that passed the ECOTOX screening were considered. The degree to which
open literature data are quantitatively or qualitatively characterized for the effects determination
is dependent on whether the information is relevant to the assessment endpoints (i.e., survival,
reproduction, and growth; or, alteration of PCEs in the critical habitat impact analysis) identified
in the problem formulation. For example, endpoints such as biochemical modifications are
unlikely to be used to calculate risk quotients unless it is possible to quantitatively link these
endpoints with reduction in survival, reproduction, or growth (e.g., the magnitude of effect on
the biochemical endpoint needed to result in effects on survival, growth, or reproduction is
known). Although the effects determination relies on endpoints measurably linked to assessment
endpoints of survival, growth, or reproduction, please note that the full suite of sublethal
endpoints available in effects literature (regardless of their significance to assessment endpoints)
were considered to define the action area for chlorpyrifos.
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Submitted studies and reviewed open literature are summarized in Appendix E. A bibliography
of all open literature considered as part of this assessment regardless of whether the data were
accepted or rejected by ECOTOX are included in Appendices F and G, respectively. Most
open literature accepted by the ECOTOX screen were not used in this risk assessment because
the endpoints were less sensitive than those already accepted from past assessments; these
citations, as well as those that were included in Appendix E, are listed in Appendix F.
Appendix G includes a list of citations that did not pass the ECOTOX screening and a rationale
for rejection of those studies. A detailed spreadsheet of the available ECOTOX open literature
data, including the full suite of lethal and sublethal endpoints is presented in Appendix H.
Appendix I also includes a summary of the human health effects data for chlorpyrifos.
Open literature toxicity data for other 'target' insect species (not including bees, butterflies,
beetles, and non-insect invertebrates including soil arthropods and worms), which include
efficacy studies, are not currently considered in deriving the most sensitive endpoint for
terrestrial insects. Efficacy studies do not typically provide endpoint values that are useful for
risk assessment (e.g., NOAEC, EC50, etc.), but rather are intended to identify a dose that
maximizes a particular effect (e.g., EC 100). Therefore, efficacy data and non-efficacy
toxicological target insect data are not included in the ECOTOX open literature summary table
provided in Appendix H. For the purposes of this assessment, 'target' insect species are defined
as all terrestrial insects with the exception of bees, butterflies, beetles, and non-insect
invertebrates (i.e., soil arthropods, worms, etc.) which are included in the ECOTOX data
presented in Appendix H. The list of citations including toxicological and/or efficacy data on
target insect species not considered in this assessment is provided in Appendix G.
In addition to registrant-submitted and open literature toxicity information, other sources of
information, including reviews of the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS), were
conducted to further refine the characterization of potential ecological effects associated with
exposure to chlorpyrifos. A summary of the available incident information for chlorpyrifos are
provided in Sections 5.5.1.1 and 5.5.1.2.
Toxicity data for degradates of the chlorpyrifos parent compound, were sparse. The potential for
additional risk to the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander and Delta smelt,
from exposure to chlorpyrifos oxon as a transformation product of applied chlorpyrifos is
characterized in the risk description (Section 5.2), along with indirect effects to the other species
of concern. A detailed summary of the available ecotoxicity information for chlorpyrifos oxon
and citations that include studies using degradates and formulated products can be found in
Section 4.6 and Appendices F, and G, respectively.
As discussed in the problem formulation, toxicity data show that other pesticides may combine
with chlorpyrifos to produce synergistic, additive, and/or antagonistic toxic interactions.
Toxicity studies of mixtures of chlorpyrifos with other pesticides are listed in Appendix A. If
chlorpyrifos is present in the environment in combination with other chemicals, the toxicity of
the mixture may be increased relative to the toxicity of each individual chemical, offset by other
environmental factors, or even reduced by the presence of antagonistic contaminants if they were
also present in the mixture. The variety of chemical interactions presented in the available data
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set suggest that the toxic effect of chlorpyrifos, in combination with other pesticides used in the
environment, can be a function of many factors including but not necessarily limited to (1) the
exposed species, (2) the co-contaminants in the mixture, (3) the ratio of chlorpyrifos and co-
contaminant concentrations, (4) differences in the pattern and duration of exposure among
contaminants, and (5) the differential effects of other physical/chemical characteristics of the
receiving waters (e.g. organic matter present in sediment and suspended water). Quantitatively
predicting the combined effects of all these variables on mixture toxicity to any given taxon with
confidence was beyond the capabilities of the available data.
4.1 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Aquatic Organisms
A brief summary of open literature data considered relevant to this ecological risk assessment for
the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt, California freshwater
shrimp and listed species that rely on aquatic organisms for food, is presented in Appendix E.
The most sensitive of these endpoints are listed in Table 4.1; this selection was based on an
evaluation of both the submitted studies and the open literature, as previously discussed. These
endpoints were used to calculate RQs that relied on aquatic data. Amphibian data were used to
calculate acute and chronic RQs for direct effects on the aquatic-phase California red-legged frog
and California tiger salamander and indirect effects on organisms that feed on aquatic-phase
amphibians. Freshwater and estuarine/marine fish data were used to calculate RQs for direct
effects on the Delta smelt and indirect effects on organisms that feed on fish. Freshwater
crustacean data were used to calculate RQs for direct effects on the California freshwater shrimp.
Freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrate data were used to calculate RQs for indirect effects
on organisms that feed on these aquatic invertebrates, respectively. The non-vascular plant
datum was used to represent all plant groups and calculate potential indirect effects for all
species studied.
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Table 4.1 Aquatic toxicity profile for chlorpyrifos
Taxon
Aquatic-
phase
Amphibians
Freshwater
Fish
Estuarine/
Marine Fish
Freshwater
Invertebrates
Estuarine/
Marine
Invertebrates
Non-vascular
plant
Exposure
Duration
Acute
Chronic
Acute
Chronic
Acute
Chronic
Acute
Crustacean
Acute
Insect
Chronic
Acute
Chronic
Acute
Most Sensitive
Species Tested
African clawed
frog tadpole,
Xenopus laevis
African clawed
frog tadpole, X.
laevis
Bluegill Sunfish
Lepomis
macrochirus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales
promelas
Tidewater
silverside
Menidia
peninsulae
Atlantic silverside
M. menidia
Daphnid,
Ceriodaphnia
dubia
Blackfly
Simulium vittatum
IS- 7
Daphnid, C. cf
dubia
Mysid shrimp
Americamysis
bahia
Mysid shrimp
A. bahia
Alga
Isochrysis
galbana
Toxicity Value
LC50 = 0.6 ug/L
LOAEC = 0.1ug/L
No NOAEC
LC50= 1.8 ug/L
Life-Cycle
NOAEC = 0.57
ug/L
LC50= 0.70 ug/L
NOAEC = 0.28
ug/L
LC50 = 0.07 ug/L
LC50 = 0.06 ug/L
NOAEC = 0.025
ug/L
LC50 = 0.035 ug/L
NOAEC < 0.0046
ug/L
EC50 = 140 ug/L
Acute
Toxicity
Category
Very highly
toxic
N/A
Very highly
toxic
N/A
Very highly
toxic
N/A
Very highly
toxic
Very highly
toxic
N/A
Very highly
toxic
N/A
N/A
Reference
E86343
Richards, 2000
E7 1867 Richards
& Kendall, 2003
40098001
Mayer &
Ellersieck, 1986
42834401
Mayesetal., 1993
E11868Borthwick
etal., 1985
00154718
Goodman et al.
1985
E108483 Pablo et
al., 2008
E80409
Hydere/a/.,2005
E65825 Rose et
al., 2002
40228401
Mayer 1986
42664901
Svedetal. 1993
40228401
Mayer 1986
Toxicity to fish, aquatic invertebrates, birds, and mammals is categorized using the system
shown in Table 4.2 (USEPA, 2004). For non-target terrestrial insects, chemicals with LDso
values of <2, 2 - 11, and >11 jig/bee are classified as highly toxic, moderately toxic, and
practically nontoxic, respectively Toxicity categories for terrestrial and aquatic plants have not
been defined.
97
-------
Table 4.2 Categories of Acute Toxicity for Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals.
Toxicity Category
Very highly toxic
Highly toxic
Moderately toxic
Slightly toxic
Practically nontoxic
Aquatic Animals
[LC5o/EC5o (mg/L)]
<0.1
0.1 -1
>1-10
> 10 - 100
>100
Birds and Mammals
[LD50 (mg/kg-bw)]
<10
10-50
51-500
501-2000
>2000
Birds
[LC50 (mg/kg-diet)]
<50
50 - 500
501 - 1000
1001-5000
>5000
4.1.1 Toxicity to Freshwater Fish and Aquatic-Phase Amphibians
Fish and aquatic-phase amphibian toxicity data were used to evaluate direct effects to the Delta
smelt and to aquatic-phase California tiger salamander and California red-legged frog, as well as
potential indirect effects to the California clapper rail and San Francisco garter snake. A
summary of acute and chronic freshwater fish and aquatic-phase amphibian data, including data
from the open literature, is provided below in Sections 4.1.1.1 through 4.1.1.3. Additional
information is included in Appendices E, F and G.
4.1.1.1 Freshwater Fish: Acute Exposure (Mortality) Studies
Acceptable chlorpyrifos toxicity data were available for several fish species, including fathead
minnows (Oncoryncus mykiss\ guppies (Poecilla reticulate)., rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss), and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). LCso values were similar between most of
these species, but a few species were quiet resistant, with freshwater values ranging from 1.8 to
280 ug/L chlorpyrifos in bluegill sunfish and channel catfish, respectively (MRID 40098001 and
40098001), Appendix E (also see USEPA, 2002). Chlorpyrifos is classified as very highly toxic
to most fish on an acute exposure basis.
The most sensitive species among the freshwater and estuarine/marine fish species tested was
used to calculate risk quotients and characterize the risk for the Delta smelt, regardless of the
salinity environment because the Delta smelt enters both freshwater and saltwater environments.
No acceptable acute LCso values for fish were located in the open literature, that were more
sensitive than those already accepted from former assessments. Therefore, the lowest LC50
reported for fish, which was 1.8 ug/L chlorpyrifos for bluegill sunfish (MRID 40098001), was
used for risk quotient (RQ) calculations for the Delta smelt (Table 4.1).
4.1.1.2 Freshwater Fish: Chronic Exposure (Growth/Reproduction) and Sublethal Effects
Studies
The collection of chronic studies reviewed in the most recent chlorpyrifos RED (USEPA, 2002,
summarized in Appendix E) provide enough data to show that reproductive effects are likely to
result from chlorpyrifos exposures. The fathead minnow NOAEC value was selected as the fish
chronic endpoint in that RED, because survival was significantly reduced at 1.09 ppb (the
LOAEC; MRID 42834401); the NOAEC was 0.57 ppb chlorpyrifos. This test reported
98
-------
significant (P < 0.05) effects on adult length and adult body weight. These effects were
determined to be temporal and/or non-dose related, hence they were not used for the LOAEC
determination. Rather, the LOAEC of 1.09 ppb was based on significant reduction in survival
for adults (14 % by Day 12) and offspring (35% by Day 5). This life-cycle study showed that the
second generation was more sensitive than the first generation. This study fulfilled guideline
requirement for a chronic freshwater fish study with technical grade chlorpyrifos and was used to
calculate chronic RQs for the Delta smelt (Table 4.1)
Sublethal effects were also reviewed in the open literature where the exposure duration was sub-
chronic (Appendix E). One such study (De Silva & Samayawardhena, 2002) using a typical
end-use product, reported mortality, paralysis and histological abnormalities in juvenile guppies
exposed to chlorpyrifos. This study showed guppies to be more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than
fathead minnows, but the study did not produce an NOAEC. Authors looked at behavioral and
histological effects of low concentrations of Lorsban to early life stages of guppies (Poecilla
reticulate). The test concentrations were expressed as ug/L Lorsban, rather than ug/L
chlorpyrifos. The Lorsban used in the study contained.400 ug/L chlorpyrifos, purity 98%. It
may be assumed that the actual LCso and LOAEC were approximately 60% lower than those
reported but since concentrations were not measured, it was not possible to confirm these data,
and, thus the data could not be used to calculate the risk quotient. Concentrations as low as 1
ug/L caused changes in swimming behavior within 96 h. Authors stated that from the onset of
the experiment, the initial quick swimming behavior shifted to unusual swimming behavior. By
day-14 signs of paralysis and hemorrhaging were recorded in the lowest concentration tested 0.5
ug/L Lorsban, which calculates to 0.2 ug/L chlorpyrifos. Therefore the LOAEC was 0.2 ug/L
chlorpyrifos but no NOAEC was determined. This was the most sensitive endpoint for fish but
could not be confirmed and so was not used to calculate RQs.
The dose:response relationships were a bit different between fish and amphibians in the data
EPA reviewed. Explicitly, looking at fathead minnow data from the most recent RED (USEPA,
2002; Appendix E) chronic effects were measured in concentrations over 300 times lower than
the concentration range where acute toxicity was measured. In guppies, also, chronic effects
were seen in concentrations over 100 times lower than those where acute toxicity was measured.
This indicates a dose:response relationship for fish that is not very shallow. This characteristic
was used to compare chlorpyrifos toxicity between fish and amphibians in the risk
characterization section (see Sections 5.5.1.1. and 5.5.2.1).
4.1.1.2 Aquatic-phase Amphibian: Acute and Chronic Studies
Toxicity tests on amphibians are typically not required. It was assumed that acute oral toxicity
data for birds and acute toxicity data for fish will protect adult and aquatic life stages of
amphibians, respectively. Studies reviewed in the most recent chlorpyrifos RED (USEPA, 2002)
showed that chlorpyrifos via oral exposure is at most moderately toxic to amphibians, suggesting
that avian acute toxicity data are protective of adult amphibians. The results from that aquatic
data showed however, that chlorpyrifos is very highly toxic to larval amphibians. Small tadpoles
appeared to be more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than older life stages. The fact that young tadpoles
were equal to or more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than the most sensitive fish species raises
concerns for risks in shallow waters which are a typical habitat for frogs and tadpoles. The
99
-------
tadpole 96-hour LCso value (0.6 ppb) was slightly more sensitive than the most sensitive fish
species (bluegill LCso 1.8 ppb; Table 4.1).
Table 4.3 Amphibian Toxicity Profile for Chlorpyrifos
- all frog tests supplemental, no current EPA approved method.
Assessment
Endpoint
Aquatic-Phase
Amphibians
Acute/
Chronic
Acute
Species of
Tadpole
African clawed
frog tadpole,
Xenopus laevis
X. laevis
Indian bullfrog
tadpole, Rana
tigrina
Yellow-legged
frog tadpole,
Rana boylii
R. boylii
Northern Pacific
treefrog tadpole,
Pseudacris
regilla
X. laevis
Southern leopard
frog tadpole,
Rana
sphenocephala
Toxicity Value Used
in Risk Assessment (ug
a.i./L)
96-hLC50 = 0.6
96-h LC50 = 560 for
metamorphs
96-h LC50= 146 for
premetamorphs
24-hLC50= 19
24-hLC50 = 3000
40-d toxicity
LC50 = 67
LC50 = 365
LOAEC = 0.1
No NOAEC
(NOAEC=<0.1)
LOAEC = 100
NOAEC = 10
MRID/
ECOTOX Ref.
E86343
Richards, 2000
E68227
Richards and
Kendall, 2002
E61878 Abbasi,
andSoni, 1991
E92498
Sparling &
Fellers 2007
Sparling &
Fellers 2009
(too recent for
an ECOTOX
number)
E71867
Richards &
Kendall, 2003
E101289
Widder&
Bidwell, 2006
Comment
Not native
species.
Not native
species.
Not native
species. Missing
information.
Test
concentrations not
confirmed.
Test
concentrations not
confirmed.
No NOAEC, not
native species.
None.
100
-------
Table 4.3 Amphibian Toxicity Profile for Chlorpyrifos
- all frog tests supplemental, no current EPA approved method.
Assessment
Endpoint
Acute/
Chronic
Chronic
Species of
Tadpole
North American
anuran frog
tadpoles, Hyla
chrysoscelis,
Rana
sphenocephala,
Acris crepitans
Gastrophyne
olivacea
X. laevis
R. boy Hi
P. regilla
R. boy Hi
Toxicity Value Used
in Risk Assessment (ug
a.i./L)
12-d Growth:
LOAEC= 200
NOAEC=100
ChE Activity1:
LOAEC= 1
NOAEC=<1
12-d Growth:
LOAEC= 10
NOAEC=1
ChE Activity:
LOAEC= 100
NOAEC=10
12-d Growth:
LOAEC= >200
NOAEC=200
ChE Activity:
LOAEC= 10
NOAEC= 1
12-d Growth:
LOAEC= 200
NOAEC= 100
ChE Activity:
LOAEC= 10
NOAEC=1
TC502= 162
LOAEC = 200
NOAEC = 50
LOAEC = 200
NOAEC = 50
MRID/
ECOTOX Ref.
E101727
Widder&
Bidwell, 2008
E76738
Bonfanti, et al.
2004
Sparling &
Fellers 2009
E92498
Sparling &
Fellers 2007
Comment
None.
Not native
species.
Test
concentrations not
confirmed.
Test
concentrations not
confirmed.
1 ChE Activity: Cholinesterase activity impairment.
2TC50 - Teratogenic concentration affecting 50% of test organisms.
Acute and chronic studies with amphibians were reviewed in the open literature (Table 4.3).
Since EPA does not have an approved method for amphibian toxicity tests, all studies reviewed
101
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were considered supplemental. Chlorpyrifos toxicity data were available for several aquatic
phase amphibian species, including three species of the same genus as the California red-legged
frog — the Yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii, Southern leopard frog, R. sphenocephala, and Indian
bullfrog, R. tigrina. The yellow-legged frog datum was used to calculate the acute risk quotient
for the California red-legged frog and tiger salamander (Table 4.1). Also available were data on
the Northern Pacific treefrog, Pseudacris regilla and other North American anuran frogs, Hyla
chrysoscelis, Acris crepitam and Gastrophyne olivacea, as well as the much-studied African
clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. X. laevis., a non-native species had the most sensitive endpoints for
both acute and chronic, with an LC50 of 0.6 ug/L and an NOAEC of <0.1 ug/L chlorpyrifos.
Even though this species was non-native, both acute and chronic studies were determined to be
scientifically sound and these endpoints were used to calculate risk quotients for the California
red-legged frog and California tiger salamander (Table 4.1). The steep dose:response
relationship forX. laevis is compared to the much more shallow dose:response relationship for
fish in the risk characterization section (see Sections 5.5.1.1. and 5.5.2.1).
4.1.2 Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates
Aquatic invertebrate toxicity studies were used to assess direct effects to California freshwater
shrimp and potential indirect effects to the California red-legged frog, San Francisco garter
snake, California clapper rail, California tiger salamander and Delta smelt. A summary of acute
and chronic freshwater invertebrate data, including data published in the open literature, is
provided below in Sections 4.1.2.1 through 4.1.2.2.
4.1.2.1 Freshwater Invertebrates: Acute Exposure Studies
The best data for assessing direct effects to the California freshwater shrimp was determined to
be that of another freshwater crustacean, a daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia, which had a 96-hr LCso
of 0.07 ug/L chlorpyrifos (Pablo, et a/., 2008). For the indirect effects assessment, the most
sensitive aquatic invertebrate species was used to estimate the risk to the food source of several
species of concern (see previous paragraph), which is consistent with USEPA (2004). The most
sensitive aquatic invertebrate tested was the freshwater blackfly (Simulium vittatum IS-7), with
an LCso of 0.06 ug/L chlorpyrifos (Hyder et a/., 2005). The sensitivity range in these data is very
narrow and both of these acute endpoints have similar sensitivity to that used in the most recent
RED (USEPA, 2002); chlorpyrifos is considered very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.
4.1.2.2 Freshwater Invertebrates: Chronic Exposure Studies
Toxicity data from chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos were available for freshwater daphnids,
insects and one freshwater shrimp. The sensitivity range was very narrow. The most sensitive
endpoint was found in the daphnid, Ceriodaphnia cf dubia (a non-native sub-species of C. dubia)
which had a 33-d NOAEC of 25 ug/L chlorpyrifos (Rose et al., 2002). This endpoint was used
for risk estimations of indirect effects from chronic toxicity to food items of species listed in
Section 4.1.2. Midge studies showed that midges can be affected by 0.02 ug/L chlorpyrifos in
the water column or 0.32 ug/Kg chlorpyrifos in the sediment (see Appendix E). A few aquatic
invertebrate studies had both acute and chronic data available, showing that the range of acute to
chronic effects concentrations were very close, indicating a steep dose:response relationship.
This is similar to the relationship found in amphibian studies but different from that found in fish
102
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studies; fish studies had a much shallower dose:response relationship with the acute effects
concentrations being two orders of magnitude greater than the chronic effects concentrations.
This information helps describe the risks from toxicity by giving insights into toxicity profiles
(see Sections 5.5.1.1 and 5.5.2.1)
The most important food organism for all sizes of the Delta smelt has been reported to be the
copepod, Eurytemora affmis (USFWS, 1995 and 2004), which was a marine copepod.
Supplemental toxicity data were available from the open literature for copepods. In one
mesocosm study (Rene, etal., 1996), theNOAEC for copepods was <0.1 ug/L chlorpyrifos,
which was similar to that of the African clawed frog as seen in Table 4.3. This does raise some
concerns, although this study was not designed to fulfill FIFRA requirements and did not
produce an acceptable LOAEC or NOAEC.
4.1.3 Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Fish
Estuarine and marine fish toxicity data were used to evaluate direct effects to the Delta smelt and
potential indirect effects to the California clapper rail (Table 4.1). A summary of acute and
chronic estuarine/marine fish data, including data published in the open literature shows that the
LCso values for estuarine/marine fish were less sensitive than for freshwater species, ranging
from 96 to 520,000 ug/L chlorpyrifos in Tidewater silversides and Gulf toadfish, respectively
(MRID 40228401 and 40228401, Appendix E; also see USEPA, 2002). Chlorpyrifos is
classified as very highly toxic to most fish on an acute exposure basis.
As mentioned in Section 4.1.1.1, the Delta smelt enters both freshwater and saltwater
environments. The most sensitive species among the freshwater and estuarine/marine fish
species tested was used to calculate risk quotients, which was in this case a freshwater species,
the bluegill sunfish (Table 4.1).
4.1.4 Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates
Estuarine and marine invertebrate toxicity data were used to evaluate potential indirect effects to
the California clapper rail and Delta smelt. A summary of acute and chronic estuarine/marine
invertebrate data, including data published in the open literature, shows that chlorpyrifos is very
highly toxic to marine and estuarine invertebrates. The mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia, had
a 96 h LC50 of 35 ug/L and an NOAEC of 0.0046 ug/L chlorpyrifos (Mayer, 1986 and Sved et
al., 1993, respectively). This data was used to estimate risk from indirect effects to the rail and
smelt (Table 4.1).
4.1.5 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants
Aquatic plant toxicity studies were used as one of the measures of effect to evaluate whether
chlorpyrifos may affect primary production. Aquatic plants may also be part of food chains for
the California red-legged frog, San Francisco garter snake, California clapper rail, Salt marsh
harvest mouse, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt and California freshwater shrimp. In
addition, freshwater non-vascular plant data were used to evaluate a number of the PCEs
associated with the critical habitat impact analysis. Plant toxicity studies using chlorpyrifos were
103
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extremely sparse in the open literature. The endpoint used in the most recent RED (USEPA,
2002) was also used to estimate risks in this assessment; the EC50 for the alga, Isochrysis
galbana, was 140 ug/L chlorpyrifos (Mayer, 1986, Table 4.1).
4.1.6 Freshwater Field/Mesocosm Studies
Three mesocosm studies were reviewed from the open literature. Biever et al. (1994) found that
chlorpyrifos when sprayed in a single dose had a half-life of approximately 4 days (Table 4.4).
Most freshwater invertebrate and fish communities were able to recover within a few weeks with
the possible exception of Chironominae, a subfamily of Chironomidae. Van den Brink et al.
(1996) found that the NOAEC for zooplankton/macroinvertebrate communities was 0.1 ug/L
chlorpyrifos. Van Wijngaarden et al. (1996) compared in-lab single species tests with outdoor
mesocosm test results and found that the lab and caged studies differed by a factor of
approximately 3. Also notable were copepod data; total copepods had an NOAEC of <0.1 ppm,
but copepod nauplii had a NOAEC of 0.9 ppm. Copepod data is especially important to this risk
assessment since it is the chief food of the California red-legged frog, as mentioned earlier.
104
-------
Table 4.4 Mesocosm Studies
Application
Spray Drift -
single
application of
0.05 to 5% of
a 1.12 kg
Al/ha
application (to
yield 0.03 to
3.0ug/L
chlorpyrifos
in water)
Spray Drift -
One
application of
0.05 to 5% of
a 1.12 kg
Al/ha app
Lab data
vs.
Field data
Communities
FW Insects
Chironomids
Ephemeroptera
FW Zooplankton
Copepods
Ostracods
Cladocera
FW Fish
Total
macroinvertebrate/
zooplankton
community.
Copepods:
All ages
Nauplii
Effects
Concentration in
Water (ug a.i./L)
LOAEC = 0.10
NOAEC = 0.03
LOAEC = 0.10
NOAEC = 0.03
LOAEC = 0.10
NOAEC = 0.03
LOAEC = 0.3
NOAEC = 0.1
LOAEC = 0.3
NOAEC = 0.1
LOAEC =>3.0
NOAEC = 3.0
LOAEC = 0.3
NOAEC = 0.1
LOAEC =1.0
NOAEC = 0.3
LOAEC = 0.9
NOAEC = 0.1
NOAEC =
O.0001
NOAEC =
0.0009
ECOTOX
Ref.
E62037
Bieveretal.,
1994
E17218 Van
den Brink et
al., 1996
E17254 Van
Wijngaarden
etal, 1996
Comment
Supplemental; Ostracods were the
LEAST sensitive taxon (LOAEC =
>3.0). Chironominae was the MOST
sensitive macroinvertebrate taxon, with
significant affects in all treatments. The
NOAEC may have been <0.03 but was
not confirmed. Also, this group did not
recover in the highest treatment by the
end of the study, whereas most other
communities did recover after two and a
half months.
Supplemental; recovery was seen in 24
weeks. Some copepods and other
Crustacea recovered within 12 weeks.
Supplemental
4.2 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Terrestrial Organisms
Table 4.5 summarizes the most sensitive terrestrial toxicity endpoints, based on an evaluation of
both the submitted studies and the open literature. In addition to the parent chlorpyrifos, toxicity
data on metabolites and degradates are also considered when available. The major chlorpyrifos
degradate, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), forms a large percent of the recoverable active
105
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ingredient in various compartments of the environment. However, OPP has determined that TCP
is not of toxicological concern to mammals as a plant metabolite based on available mammalian
toxicity data. TCP also exhibits low toxicity in birds based on available avian toxicity data.
Available fate data indicates that the chlorpyrifos-oxon may be an environmental degradate in
soil and water. Based on available toxicity data, the oxon may be significantly more toxic than
the parent. However, there are currently insufficient data on toxicity and expected
environmental concentrations available to support a quantitative assessment of potential risks to
listed species from exposure to the oxon via water and soil intake routes. A brief summary of
submitted and open literature data considered relevant to this ecological risk assessment is
presented below.
Table 4.5 Terrestrial Toxicity Profile for Chlorpyrifos
Endpoint
Birds
(surrogate for
terrestrial-
phase
amphibians
and reptiles)
Mammals
Terrestrial
invertebrates
Terrestrial
plants
Acute/
Chronic
Acute Dose-
based
Acute
Dietary-based
Chronic
Dietary-based
Acute Dose-
based
Acute
Dietary-based
Chronic
Dietary-based
Acute
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Species
Common
Crackle
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Rat
Rat
Rat
Honey Bee
Seedling
Emergence
Monocots
Seedling
Emergence
Dicots
Vegetative
Vigor
Monocots
Vegetative
Vigor
Dicots
Toxicity Value
Used in Risk
Assessment
LD50 = 5.62
mg/kg
LC50 = 136
ppm
NOAEC = 25
ppm
LD50 = 118
mg/kg
LC50= 1330
ppm
NOAEC = 20
ppm1
NOAEL = 1
mg/kg
LD50 = 0.059
ug a.i./bee
Citation
MRID#
40378401
00095007
00046952
EcoRef No.: 37866
44585409
41930301
05001991
Classification
Supplemental
Acceptable
Acceptable LOAEC =
60 ppm based on
reduced number of
eggs & reduced body
weight of rakes & hens
Supplemental
Acceptable
Acceptable LOAEC =
100 ppm based reduced
pup weight and
increased pup mortality
inFl generation.
Acceptable
No Data Available
1 A scaling factor of 20x (FDA, 1959) was applied to the NOAEL of 1 mg/kg to derive the NOAEC (ppm in diet)
N/A: not applicable
106
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Acute toxicity to terrestrial animals is categorized using the classification system shown in Table
4.6 (U.S. EPA, 2004). Toxicity categories for terrestrial plants have not been defined.
Table 4.6 Categories of Acute Toxicity for Avian and Mammalian Studies
Toxicity Category
Very highly toxic
Highly toxic
Moderately toxic
Slightly toxic
Practically non-toxic
Oral LD50
< 10 mg/kg
10 - 50 mg/kg
51 -500 mg/kg
50 1-2000 mg/kg
> 2000 mg/kg
Dietary LC50
< 50 ppm
50 - 500 ppm
501- 1000 ppm
1001 - 5000 ppm
> 5000 ppm
4.2.1 Toxicity to Birds, Reptiles, and Terrestrial-Phase Amphibians
As specified in the Overview Document, the Agency uses birds as a surrogate for reptiles and
terrestrial-phase amphibians when toxicity data for each specific taxon are not available (U.S.
EPA, 2004). No terrestrial-phase amphibian or reptile data are available for chlorpyrifos;
therefore, acute and chronic avian toxicity data are used to assess the potential direct effects of
myclobutanil to terrestrial-phase CRLFs. A summary of acute and chronic bird data, including
data published in the open literature is provided below in Sections 4.2.1.1 through 4.2.1.4.
4.2.1.1 Birds: Acute Exposure (Mortality) Studies
Extensive acute and subacute dietary avian test data are available on technical grade
chlorpyrifos. Acute LD50 values for technical grade chlorpyrifos are available for 15 avian
species with a range of LD50 values from 5.62 to 476 mg/kg. Two avian species have LDSOs
less than 10 mg/kg (very highly toxic), eight species have LDSOs less than 50 mg/kg (highly
toxic), and 5 species have LDSOs less than 500 mg/kg (moderately toxic). The most acutely
sensitive avian species are common grackle (5.62 mg/kg), ring-necked pheasant (8.41 mg/kg),
common pigeons (10 mg/kg) and house sparrow (10 mg/kg). Based on the submitted acute oral
toxicity study for the common grackle house (MRID 40378401), chlorpyrifos is categorized as
very highly toxic to birds on a dose basis with an acute LDso of 5.62 mg/kg bw (3.16-10 mg/kg,
95% C.I.)-
Avian acute toxicity values are also available for microencapsulated and granular chlorpyrifos
products and the major degradate, TCP. Avian toxicity data on these two products and the major
degradate indicate that they are less toxic (i.e., less hazardous) than technical grade chlorpyrifos.
107
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Table 4.7 Chlorpyrifos Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings
Surrogate Species
Ring-necked Pheasant (male)
Phasianus colchicus
(female)
Northern Bobwhite (male &
female) Colinus virginianus
Mallard Duck (female)
Anas platyrhynchos
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Common Crackle
Quiscalus quiscula
Common Pigeon
Columba livia
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
House Sparrow (male)
Passer domesticus
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
Red-winged Blackbird
Agelaius phoeniceus
Coturnix Quail
Coturnix japonica
Coturnix Quail (males)
Coturnix japonica
Sandhill Crane (male)
Grus canadensis
Rock Dove (male & female)
Columba livia
White Leghorn Cockerel
Gallus domesticus
Canada Goose (male &
female)
Branta canadensis
Chuckar (female)
Alectoris chukar (male)
California Quail (female)
Callipepla californica
Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
Mallard Duck (duckling)
Anas platyrhynchos (male &
female)
%AI
94.5
Tech.
99
96.3
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5
99.6
94.5
94.5
94.5
99.9
94.5
94.5
99.9
94.5
99.9
94.5
94.5
99
LD50
(mg/kg ai)
8.41
17.7
32
75.6
476
5.62
10.0
10.0
21
122
13.1
13.3
15.9
17.8
25
50
26.9
34.8
40-80
60.7
61.1
68.3
75
112
MRID
00160000
41043901
00160000
40854701
40378401
40378401
40378401
00160000
440571-02
40378401
40378401
00160000
00160000
00160000
00242149
00160000
00160000
00160000
40378401
00160000
Toxicity
Category
very highly toxic
Highly toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
very highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
moderately
toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
Classification
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Endpoint used in risk assessment is in bold
Avian subacute dietary studies are available for four bird species. The lowest avian subacute
LCso value used for assessing dietary risks is 136 ppm (84-212 ppm, 95% C.I.) for mallard
ducklings (moderately toxic) (MRID 00144288). Results from these acceptable and
supplementary studies indicate that chlorpyrifos is moderately to highly toxic to avian species on
a subacute dietary basis. Reduced food consumption and was evident in several studies
108
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especially at higher test concentrations. There were mortalities in six studies. Most deaths
occurred on Days 3 to 5 for bobwhite and Days 3 to 7 for mallards. In some cases, deaths
continued to Day 8, the last day of the test.
Table 4.8 Formulation Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings
Surrogate Species
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
(male & female)
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
(male & female)
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
(male & female)
%AI
25.65
Dursban ME 20
15
Lorsban 15 G
15
Lorsban 15 G
LD50
(mg/kg
ai)
545
108
109
MRID No.
41885201
41043901
44057101
Toxicity
Category
slightly toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
Classification
Acceptable
Acceptable
Supplemental
Table 4.9 Chlorpyrifos Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings
Surrogate Species
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Ring-necked
Pheasant Phasianus
colchicus
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Coturnix Quail
Coturnix japonica
Coturnix Quail
Coturnix japonica
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Coturnix Quail
Coturnix japonica
%AI
99
96.8
96.8
99
96.8
Assumed
Tech.
97.0
96.8
94
Assumed
Technical
97
97.0
97.0
41
LC50
(ppm ai)
136
203
423
505
506
531
553
590
863
283
293
299
940
492
MRID No.
00095007
40854702
00046955
00095123
40854703
44585401
00022923
00046954
44585403
44585401
00115301
00022923
00022923
00115301
Toxicity
Category
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
moderately toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
highly toxic
moderately toxic
highly toxic
Classification
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Endpoint used in risk assessment is in bold
109
-------
Avian dietary toxicity values for formulations (i.e., emulsified concentrate (4 EC) and
microencapsulated (ME 20) indicate less toxicity than technical grade chlorpyrifos.
Table 4.10 Formulation Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings
Surrogate Species
Coturnix Quail
Coturnix japonica
Northern bobwhite
Colinus irginianus
Mallard Duck
Anas latyrhynchos
%AI
40.7
Lorsban 4 EC
25.65
Dursban ME 20
25.65
Dursban ME 20
LC50
(ppm ai)
492
387
803
MRIDNo.
00115301
41965502
41965501
Toxicity
Category
highly toxic
moderately toxic
slightly toxic
Classification
Supplemental
Acceptable
Acceptable
The major chlorpyrifos degradate, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), forms a large percent of the
recoverable active ingredient in various compartments of the environment. Therefore, a special
(70-2) 8-day subacute oral test with either waterfowl or upland game bird was required to
address these concerns. Test results are provided below
Table 4.11 TCP Degradate Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings
Surrogate
Species
Mallard Duck
Anas
platyrhynchos
%AI
99.9 %
3,5,6-TC-2-P
LCgo
(ppm ai)
> 5,620
MRID No.
41829002
Toxicity
Category
slightly toxic
Classification
Supplemental
LC50 uncertain due to high
reduction in food
consumption
4.2.1.2 Birds: Chronic Exposure (Growth, Reproduction) Studies
Five avian chronic toxicity studies are available for chlorpyrifos. While some of the avian
reproduction studies are inadequate to assess risks alone, together the studies are adequate to
assess effects on avian reproduction. All 5 studies indicate reductions in the number of eggs laid.
Other reproductive effects found were eggshell thinning and fewer young. Chronic effects
identified include increased adult mortality and adult body weight reduction. Mallard ducks
were the most sensitive species and show a pattern of lethal effects on adults, reduced egg
production, eggshell thinning, reduced body weight of hatchlings and reduced number of young
at 60, 100, and/or 125 ppm. One reproductive study on mallard ducks indicates that chlorpyrifos
reduces the number of eggs laid and the adult body weights at 60 ppm (MRID 42144901). The
dietary concentration in this study was reduced from 90 ppm to 60 ppm at the beginning of week
8 due to body weight losses and mortality. A second mallard duck study showed 84 percent
reduction in the number of eggs and 89 percent reduction in the number of young at 125 ppm,
the LOAEC. Bobwhite quail reproduction results suggest that the LOAEC is 130 ppm based on
reduced number of eggs produced. The risk assessment endpoint for avian reproduction is a
NOAEC of 25 ppm.
110
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Table 4.12 Avian Reproduction Findings
Surrogate Species
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
(8-week prelim study)
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Mallard Duck
Anas platyrhynchos
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
%
A.I.
96.7
96.8
96.8
96.8
96.8
NOAEC-
LOAEC
(ppm)
NOAEC 46
LOAEC 100
NOAEC 30
LOAEC 60
NOAEC 25
LOAEC 125
NOAEC 40
LOAEC 130
NOAEC 25
LOAEC >
125
Statistically (P < 0.05)
Significant Endpoints
100 ppm - 84%
reduction in # of eggs
60 ppm - 46% red. #
eggs red. body weight of
rakes & hens
125 ppm - 40% drakes &
16% hens died;
84% red. # eggs;
9% red. Eggshell
thickness;
89% fewer young
130 ppm- 27% red. #
eggs
125 ppm - 12%
reduction in # of eggs;
not stat. sign.
MRID
No.
00046953
42144901
00046952
42144902
00046951
Classification
Supplemental
Supplemental
Acceptable
Supplemental
Supplemental
Endpoint used in risk assessment is in bold
4.2.1.3 Birds: Terrestrial Field Studies
Three submitted terrestrial field studies are available on corn, citrus, and golf courses and a large
pen, simulated field study was conducted on turf with bobwhite quail. In an Iowa field study on
corn, chlorpyrifos was applied as either Lorsban 4E, an emulsifiable concentrate formulation, to
4 fields (4 applications per field; 1.7 to 3.4 kg/ha [1.5-3 Ibs ai/A]) or as Lorsban 15G, a granular
formulation, to 4 fields (3 applications per field; 1.1 to 2.9 kg/ha [1 - 2.6 Ibs ai/A]). Chlorpyrifos
levels were measured in various environmental samples. Field investigators considered any
death likely to be treatment-related if analytical analyses tested positive for chlorpyrifos residues
in samples. Carcass searches made in the corn field study found evidence of 14 avian post-
treatment casualties.
In a California orange grove field study, chlorpyrifos (i.e., Lorsban 4 E) was applied with two
spray regimes. Under regime A, 4 fields were treated with 2 applications each: 1.5 Ibs ai/A
followed about 30 days later by a treatment at 6.0 Ibs ai/A. Regime B also treated each of 4
fields twice (sprayed once at 3.5 Ibs ai/A followed about 30 days later by a second treatment at
4.0 Ibs ai/A). Searches for dead wildlife identified 192 carcasses. Twenty one carcasses were
analyzed for the presence of chlorpyrifos. Six of tested carcasses tested positive for chlorpyrifos
residues (28.6%). Consequently, those deaths may be presumed to be associated with
chlorpyrifos treatments. Species that tested positive for chlorpyrifos were a mockingbird, an
unidentified passerine nestling, house mouse, ground squirrel, pocket gopher, and a western
rattlesnake. While the number of dead wildlife found during carcass searches does not show a
dose-relationship with treatment levels, the number of carcasses testing positive for chlorpyrifos
suggests that there could be a dose-relationship (i.e., 4 carcasses at 6 Ibs ai/A, 1 each at 3.5 and 4
Ibs ai/A, and none at 1.5 Ibs ai/A). However the number of positive carcasses is too small to
verify this conclusion.
Ill
-------
Results of the third study, a Central Florida golf course field study indicated that, in general, turf
areas on golf courses are not attractive habitat to many wildlife species. Most wildlife observed
in the study lived and fed in areas adjacent to the golf courses.
A large pen, simulated field study was conducted on turf with bobwhite quail. The turf and food
(seeds) were treated with two applications of Pyrinex 4 E at 3 Ibs ai/A (applied at a 2 week
interval), another area was treated at 6 Ibs ai/A. The maximum measured chlorpyrifos levels
470, 570 and 1400 ppm on grass and 18, 21 and 30 ppm on seeds. The maximum, measured
residue levels on the turf approximate the chlorpyrifos EECs (720 and 1440 ppm). Statistically
significant effects were reported for abnormal behavior in bobwhite exposed to the 6 Ibs ai/A
treatment. According to the author, the NOAEL and LOAEL for this turf study are 3 and 6 Ibs
ai/A, respectively, based on abnormal behavior.
4.2.1.4 Reptile and Terrestrial-phase Amphibian Studies
No species-specific studies available on reptiles or terrestrial-phase amphibians. However,
results from terrestrial field studies in total provide evidence of chlorpyrifos-related mortality in
reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians (i.e., snakes, turtles, toads).
4.2.2 Toxicity to Mammals
A summary of acute and chronic mammalian data, including data published in the open
literature, is provided below in Sections 4.2.2.1 through 4.2.1.2.
4.2.2.1 Mammals: Acute Exposure (Mortality) Studies
The available mammalian acute oral LD50 values indicate that chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic
to small mammals on an acute oral basis. In acute oral studies on chlorpyrifos, LD50 values
range from 118-245 mg/kg bw (EcoRef No.: 37866). The most sensitive endpoint for the
technical formulation, the rat LD50 of 118 mg/kg is used estimate risk via direct effects
mammals and indirect effects to birds, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians. [Note The
lowest LD50 of 118 mg/kg from a literature study (EcoRef No.: 37866) is used in place of the
LD50 value of 97 mg/kg used in previous chlorpyrifos assessments. Based on the information
provided in this study, the previously used LD50 of 97 mg/kg is actually the lower bound of a
95% confidence limit from Dow-Wister rat study (MRID 41043901). The LD50 from Dow-
Wister study is actually 163 mg/kg (97-276 mg/kg 95% CI). Given that a study on Sherman rats
results in a lower LD50 of 118 mg/kg compared to the correct LD50 of 163 in Dow-Wister rats,
the lower LD50 is more appropriately used to assess risk to mammals.]
112
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Table 4.13 Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings
Surrogate Species
Albino Rat (Male)
Rattus norvegicus
Albino Rat (Male)
Rattus norvegicus
Albino Rat (Female)
Rattus norvegicus
Rat (Female)
Rattus norvegicus
Albino Rat (Male)
Rattus norvegicus
Albino Rat (Female)
Rattus norvegicus
Albino Rat (Male)
Rattus norvegicus
Albino Rat (Male)
Rattus norvegicus
%AI
97.2
97.2
Unknown
Tech.
99.0 %
97.2
Unknown
Unknown
LD50
(mg/kg ai)
118
135
135
137
151
155
163
245
MRID No.
EcoRef No.: 37866
EcoRef No.: 37866
EcoRef No.: 37866
00000179
00160000
EcoRef No.: 37866
41043901
EcoRef No.: 37866
EcoRef No.: 37866
Toxicity
Category
moderately
toxic
moderately
toxic
moderately
toxic
moderately
toxic
moderately
toxic
moderately
toxic
moderately
toxic
moderately
toxic
Classification
Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental
Acceptable
Acceptable
Supplemental
Acceptable
Acceptable
Endpoint used in risk assessment is in bold
Mammalian subacute dietary test data are useful to assess short-term risks to small mammals in
addition to using an estimated 1-day LDSOs from acute oral studies. The subacute dietary data
are based on 14-day studies with a 5-day exposure period followed by a 9-day untreated,
observation period (McCann et al. 1981). Mammalian LCso's are reported below. These
mammalian subacute dietary LCso values indicate that chlorpyrifos is slightly toxic to small
mammals.
Table 4.14 Mammalian Subacute Dietary Toxicity Findings
Surrogate Species
Albino Rat
Rattus norvegicus
(male & female)
Albino Rat
Rattus norvegicus
(male & female)
Albino Rat
Rattus norvegicus
(male & female)
Albino Rat
Rattus norvegicus
(male & female)
Albino Rat
Rattus norvegicus
(male & female)
%AI
97.1 %
97.1 %
97.1 %
Unknown
97.1 %
LC50
(ppm ai)
1330
1390
1780
2970
3500
MRID No.
44585409
44585410
44585411
44585413
44585414
Toxicity
Category
slightly toxic
slightly toxic
slightly Toxic
slightly toxic
slightly toxic
Classification
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Endpoint used in risk assessment is in bold
The major chlorpyrifos degradate, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), forms a large percent of the
recoverable active ingredient in various compartments of the environment. Therefore, acute oral
113
-------
tests with rats and mice were required by HED to address these concerns. Results of those
studies are provided below.
Table 4.15 TCP Degradate Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Findings
Surrogate
Species
Mice
(Male/Female)
Mus sp.
Rats
(Male/Female)
Rattus sp.
%AI
Tech.
3,5,6-TC-2-P
Tech.
3,5,6-TC-2-P
LD50
(mg/kg)
380/415
794/870
MRID
3F2884 4/1/91
3F2884 4/1/91
Toxicity
Category
Moderately toxic
Slightly toxic
Classification
Acceptable
Acceptable
4.2.2.2 Mammals: Chronic Exposure (Growth, Reproduction) Studies
Two rat reproduction (2-generation and 3-generation) studies are available for chlorpyrifos
(MRIDs 41930301 and 00029064). The chronic exposure endpoint used in the assessment is
from the 2-generation rat reproduction study. The NOAEC/NOAEL in the 2-generation study is
20 ppm (1 mg/kg bw/day) with a LOAEC/LOAEL of 100 ppm (5 mg/kg bw/day). Reproductive
effects in 100 ppm Fl pups included reduced pup weights and increased pup mortality that
corresponded to slightly but significantly reduced body weight gain in FO Dams during lactation
days 1-21. In the 3-generation reproduction study, reproductive effects were not seen at the
highest dose tested. While parental toxicity (cholinesterase inhibition) at lower doses in both
reproduction studies (2 and 6 ppm), the selected reproduction endpoint is used in the risk
assessment because the parental systemic toxicity endpoints are not considered to be relevant to
either growth or reproductive effects.
114
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Table 4.16 Mammalian Chronic Toxicity Data
Common Name
Laboratory rat
Rsjthtv
l\LlllLi&
norvegicus
Laboratory rat
Rattus
norvegicus
%AI
97.8-98.5
Presumed
Technical
Study Parameters
2-Generation
reproduction study
30 rats/sex/group
0, 2, 20 or 100 ppm
0.1, 1 or 5 mg/kg
bw/day
3 -Generation
reproduction study
10 M rats/sex/group
20 M rats/sex/group
0, 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3
mg/kg/day 1st
Generation
0, 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0
mg/kg/day 2nd 3rd
Generations
NOAEC/LOAEC
Parental
NOAEC/NOAEL: 2
ppm/0.1 mg/kg bw/day
Parental LOAEC/LOAEL:
20 ppm/1 mg/kg bw/day
based on significant
plasma and red blood cell
cholinesterase inhibition
Offspring/Reproductive
NOAEC/NOAEL: 20
ppm/1 mg/kg/day
Offspring/Reproductive
LOAEC/LOAEL: 100
ppm/5 mg/kg/day based
reduced pup weight and
increased pup mortality in
Fl generation.
Parental NO AEL: 0.1
mg/kg bw/day
Parental LOAEL: 0.3
ppm/1 mg/kg bw/day
based on plasma and red
blood cell cholinesterase
inhibition
Offspring/Reproductive
NOAEC/NOAEL: > 1
mg/kg (HOT)
Offspring/Reproductive
LOAEL: not identified.
MRID
41930301
00029064
00064934
Classification
Acceptable
Acceptable
1 Bold value is the value that will be used to calculate risk quotients
4.2.2.3 Mammals: Terrestrial Field Toxicity Studies
Three submitted terrestrial field studies are available on corn, citrus, and golf courses. In an
Iowa field study on corn, chlorpyrifos was applied as either Lorsban 4E, an emulsifiable
concentrate formulation, to 4 fields (4 applications per field; 1.7 to 3.4 kg/ha [1.5-3 Ibs ai/A]) or
as Lorsban 15G, a granular formulation, to 4 fields (3 applications per field; 1.1 to 2.9 kg/ha [1 -
2.6 Ibs ai/A]). Chlorpyrifos levels were measured in various environmental samples. Field
investigators considered any death likely to be treatment-related if analytical analyses tested
positive for chlorpyrifos residues in samples. Carcass searches made in the corn field study
found evidence of 10 mammalian post-treatment casualties. The supplementary corn field study
provides useful information which generally supports other available data on residue levels and
mammalian mortality.
115
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In a California orange grove field study, chlorpyrifos (i.e., Lorsban 4 E) was applied with two
spray regimes. Under regime A, 4 fields were treated with 2 applications each: 1.5 Ibs ai/A
followed about 30 days later by a treatment at 6.0 Ibs ai/A. Regime B also treated each of 4
fields twice (sprayed once at 3.5 Ibs ai/A followed about 30 days later by a second treatment at
4.0 Ibs ai/A). Searches for dead wildlife identified 192 carcasses. Twenty one carcasses were
analyzed for the presence of chlorpyrifos. Six of tested carcasses tested positive for chlorpyrifos
residues (28.6%). Consequently, those deaths may be presumed to be associated with
chlorpyrifos treatments. While the number of dead wildlife (including birds) found during
carcass searches does not show a dose-relationship with treatment levels, the number of
carcasses testing positive for chlorpyrifos suggests that there could be a dose-relationship (i.e., 4
carcasses at 6 Ibs ai/A, 1 each at 3.5 and 4 Ibs ai/A, and none at 1.5 Ibs ai/A). However the
number of positive carcasses are too few to verify this conclusion.
Results of the third study, a Central Florida golf course field study indicated that, in general, turf
areas on golf courses are not attractive habitat to many wildlife species. Most wildlife observed
in the study lived and fed in areas adjacent to the golf courses.
4.2.3 Toxicity to Terrestrial Invertebrates
A summary of acute terrestrial invertebrate data, including data published in the open literature,
is provided below in Sections 4.2.3.1 through 4.2.3.2.
4.2.3.1 Terrestrial Invertebrates: Acute Exposure (Mortality) Studies
Chlorpyrifos is classified as very highly toxic to bees based on the three available acute toxicity
studies. The acute contact LD50 of 0.059 ug/bee or 0.46 ppm (MRID 05001991). This endpoint
will be used to quantitatively assess risk via indirect effects to terrestrial invertebrates.
Table 4.17 Nontarget Insect Acute Contact Toxicity Findings
Surrogate
Species
Honey Bee
Apis mellifera
Honey Bee
Apis mellifera
Honey Bee
Apis mellifera
%AI
Tech.
Tech.
Tech.
LD50
(jig a.i./bee)
0.059
0.114
<0.1 100% dead at 0.01%
solution LD50 not determined
MRID
05001991
00066220
05011163
Toxicity
Category
highly
toxic
highly
toxic
highly
toxic
Classification
Acceptable
Acceptable
Supplemental
4.2.3.2 Terrestrial Invertebrates: Foliar Residue and Field Studies
Foliar residue studies indicate that chlorpyrifos has short-term residual toxicity to bees. Based
on two laboratory studies of chlorpyrifos residues on alfalfa foliage following application of two
formulation indicate residual toxicity which may remain high as long as 24 hours to honey and
alfalfa leaf-cutter bees on alfalfa or may decline significantly between 8 and 24 hours
posttreatment. Residues on alfalfa foliage samples from application of Dursban 4EC at 0.5 and
116
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1.0 Ib ai/A were highly toxic through 8 hours to three bee species (honey bee, Apis mellifera;
alkali bee, Nomea melanderi; and alfalfa leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundatd). At 24 hours,
residues on alfalfa foliage remained highly toxic to the honey bee and alfalfa leaf-cutter bee and
moderately toxic to the alkali bee (MRID 00040602). Alfalfa foliage samples with chlorpyrifos
residues from an application of Dursban 2 EC on alfalfa fields at 1 Ib ai/A were highly toxic to
the honey bees at 3 hours when placed in cages with bees, but foliage samples were not toxic at
24 hours (MRID 00060632).
In the only available field study, honey bee visitation was suppressed 46 percent for three days in
alfalfa fields treated with Dursban 4EC at 0.5 Ib ai/A. The overall hazard to bees was low
(MRID 00074486).
There is also sufficient information available to characterize chlorpyrifos as toxic to lady beetles
when beetles are exposed to direct application. In the submitted study, survival of adult lady
beetles (Stethoruspunctum) was reduced to 30 percent, 48 hours after direct application of
Dursban 4EC at 0.25 Ib ai per 100 gallons of water (MRID 00059461).
4.2.4 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants
There were no registrant submitted terrestrial plant toxicity data and no data in available
literature studies for chlorpyrifos. Therefore, a quantitative assessment of the potential for
indirect effects to the aquatic- and terrestrial-phase listed species via effects to riparian
vegetation or effects to the primary constituent elements (PCEs) relevant to the aquatic- and
terrestrial-phase listed species could not be conducted. In the absence of vegetative vigor and
seedling emergence toxicity data, the potential risk to the listed species via indirect effects to
terrestrial plants is described in a qualitative manner (Section 5.2).
4.3 Use of Probit Slope Response Relationship to Provide Information on the Endangered
Species Levels of Concern
The Agency uses the probit dose response relationship as a tool for providing additional
information on the potential for acute direct effects to individual listed species and aquatic
animals that may indirectly affect the listed species of concern (U.S. EPA, 2004). As part of the
risk characterization, an interpretation of acute RQs for listed species is discussed. This
interpretation is presented in terms of the chance of an individual event (i.e., mortality or
immobilization) should exposure at the EEC actually occur for a species with sensitivity to
Chlorpyrifos on par with the acute toxicity endpoint selected for RQ calculation. To accomplish
this interpretation, the Agency uses the slope of the dose response relationship available from the
toxicity study used to establish the acute toxicity measures of effect for each taxonomic group
that is relevant to this assessment. The individual effects probability associated with the acute
RQ is based on the mean estimate of the slope and an assumption of a probit dose response
relationship. In addition to a single effects probability estimate based on the mean, upper and
lower estimates of the effects probability are also provided to account for variance in the slope, if
available.
117
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Individual effect probabilities are calculated based on an Excel spreadsheet tool IECV1.1
(Individual Effect Chance Model Version 1.1) developed by the U.S. EPA, OPP, Environmental
Fate and Effects Division (June 22, 2004). The model allows for such calculations by entering
the mean slope estimate (and the 95% confidence bounds of that estimate) as the slope parameter
for the spreadsheet. In addition, the acute RQ is entered as the desired threshold.
4.4 Incident Database Review
A review of the EIIS database for ecological incidents involving chlorpyrifos was completed on
August 31, 2009. The results of this review for aquatic and terrestrial incidents are discussed
below in Sections 5.5.1.1. and 5.5.1.2., respectively. A complete list of the incidents involving
Chlorpyrifos including associated uncertainties is included as Appendix J.
4.5 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos Oxon
Toxicity of chlorpyrifos oxon, a degradate of the parent chlorpyrifos, was sparse.
A detailed summary of the available ecotoxicity information for all chlorpyrifos degradates and
formulated products can be found in Appendices E, F and G.
118
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Table 4.18 Toxicity Profile for Chlorpyrifos Oxon
Species
Foothill
yellow-legged
frog, Rana
boylii
Channel
catfish,
Ictalurus
punctatus
Australian
coral,
Acropora
millepora
(Ehrenberg),
7-8 d old
larvae
Rat, Ratus sp.
Substance
Tested;
Comparison
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Oxon >100x
more toxic
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Oxon 30x
more toxic
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Oxon 3x more
toxic
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Oxon 1.7x
more toxic
Toxicity Value
Used in Risk
Assessment (ug
LC50 = 3000
LC50 = [< 5]
LOAEC = 250 (No
NOAEC)
NOAEC = <250
LOAEC = 7 (No
NOAEC)
NOAEC = <7
LOAEC =1.0
NOAEC = 0.3
LOAEC = 0.3
NOAEC = 0.1
LOAEC = 50
(rag/kg)
NOAEC = <50
(rag/kg)
LOAEC = 30
(rag/kg)
NOAEC = <30
(rag/kg)
ECOTOX Ref.
E92498
Sparkling and
Fellers, 2007
E67666 Carr et
al., 1995
E100575
Markey et al.,
2007
E91393
Chambers and
Carr, 1993
Comment
Supplemental,
missed range, too
much mortality
for chronic test
and bimodal
results for oxon
mortality, LC50
questionable.
Supplemental; test
set up to evaluate
AChE levels over
time, only one
concentration
used; no
confirmable
NOAEC.
Supplemental,
non-native
species, no
measured
concentrations
Supplemental; test
substance was
injected in rats,
not realistic
environmental
exposure; not set
up to derive a
dose:response, no
NOAEC.
Data from the open literature show a wide range in the comparison between Chlorpyrifos toxicity
and Chlorpyrifos oxon toxicity (Table 4.6). In one study with the Foothills yellow-legged frog, a
species closely related to the California red-legged frog, authors claimed that Chlorpyrifos oxon
was 100 times more toxic than Chlorpyrifos parent, but the results were a bit confusing due to
bimodal mortality data in the oxon results. This certainly does raise concerns for the red-legged
119
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frog. Other studies with aquatic species showed that chlorpyrifos oxon was between 3 and 30
times more toxic than chlorpyrifos parent. In rats, chlorpyrifos oxon was approximately 2 times
more toxic, though the exposure was via injection, which was not an environmentally realistic
exposure route.
The other major degradate of chlorpyrifos, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), was found in the
most recent RED (USEPA, 2002) to be moderately to slightly toxic to freshwater fish species,
considerably less toxic than chlorpyrifos parent. It was slightly toxic to freshwater invertebrates,
also considerably less toxic than chlorpyrifos parent. Effects from TCP were, therefore, not
evaluated in this risk assessment.
5 Risk Characterization
Risk is estimated by calculating the ratio of exposure to toxicity. This ratio is the risk quotient
(RQ), which is then compared to pre-established acute and chronic levels of concern (LOCs) for
each category evaluated (Appendix B). For acute exposures to the aquatic animals, as well as
terrestrial invertebrates, the LOG is 0.05. For acute exposures to the birds (and, thus, reptiles and
terrestrial-phase amphibians) and mammals, the LOG is 0.1. The LOG for chronic exposures to
animals, as well as acute exposures to plants is 1.0.
Acute and chronic risks to aquatic organisms are estimated by calculating the ratio of exposure to
toxicity using l-in-10 year EECs based on the label-recommended chlorpyrifos usage scenarios
summarized in Table 3.1 and the appropriate aquatic toxicity endpoint from Table 4.1. Acute
and chronic risks to terrestrial animals are estimated based on exposures resulting from
applications of chlorpyrifos (Tables 3.8 through 3.9) and the appropriate toxicity endpoint from
Table 4.3. Exposures are also derived for terrestrial plants, as discussed in Section 3.3, based on
the highest application rates of chlorpyrifos use within the action area.
5.1 Exposures in the Aquatic Habitat
The species considered in this risk assessment include several diverse taxa: a frog, a salamander,
a fish, a snake, a bird, a mouse, a fox, a shrimp and two insect species. Direct effects were
estimated by using toxicity data from each taxonomic group or a similar surrogate taxon (Table
5.1). Indirect effects were estimated by reviewing the life history of each species to see which
taxa represent their staple food source, and assessing the risk to those taxa. Direct effects to the
Delta smelt were evaluated using the lowest acute and chronic toxicity values across freshwater
and saltwater fish species, since the Delta smelt's life history includes both habitats. Direct
effects to the California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander were evaluated using
aquatic-phase amphibian data, and indirect effects to the San Francisco garter snake, were
evaluated using freshwater fish and aquatic-phase amphibian data. Indirect effects to the clapper
rail were evaluated using all fish and amphibian toxicity data. Direct effects to the California
freshwater shrimp and indirect effects to the California red-legged frog, California tiger
salamander and San Francisco garter snake were assessed using freshwater invertebrate data; one
difference was the use of freshwater crustacean data only for direct effects to the California
freshwater shrimp. All freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrate toxicity data were used to
assess indirect effects to the Delta smelt and California clapper rail. Non-vascular plant toxicity
120
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data were not nearly as sensitive as animal data. This was used to assess indirect risks to all
species of concern except the two insect species, whose food chains were considered to be all
terrestrial.
Table 5.1 Types of Data Used to Assess Direct Risk to Listed Species and Indirect Risk to
these Species through the Food Chain
Type of Toxicity Data
Freshwater Fish and
Aquatic -phase Amphibians
Estuarine/Marine Fish
Freshwater Invertebrates
Estuarine/Marine
Invertebrates
Non-vascular Plants
Direct Risk
California red-legged frog
California tiger salamander
Delta smelt
Delta smelt
California freshwater shrimp
Indirect Risk
California clapper rail
San Francisco garter snake
California clapper rail
California red-legged frog
California tiger salamander
Delta smelt
California clapper rail
San Francisco garter snake
Delta smelt
California clapper rail
California red-legged frog
California tiger salamander
Delta smelt
California clapper rail
San Francisco garter snake
California freshwater shrimp
Salt marsh harvest mouse
5.1.1 Freshwater Fish and Aquatic-phase Amphibians
Acute risk to fish and aquatic-phase amphibians is based on peak EECs in the standard pond and
the lowest acute toxicity value for freshwater fish or aquatic-phase amphibians (Table 5.2).
Chronic risk is based on 21- or 60-day EECs and the lowest chronic toxicity value for freshwater
fish or aquatic-phase amphibians. Based on acute toxicity data from studies with the bluegill
sunfish and African clawed frog, chlorpyrifos poses very high risks to both fish and aquatic-
phase amphibians. For species directly affected by chlorpyrifos concentrations acutely toxic to
freshwater fish, risk exceeded the level of concern (LOG) in all but one use, the turfgrass
granular broadcast use. Only this use did not exceed the acute LOG (0.05) for endangered fish.
For species directly affected by chlorpyrifos concentrations acutely toxic to aquatic-phase
amphibians, risk exceeded the level of concern (LOG) in all uses. Therefore, all uses have the
potential to directly affect the California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander, and all
uses, except one, have the potential to directly affect the Delta smelt. Indirect effects using the
acute LOG of species that are not endangered (0.5) is not shown in the table since the chronic
RQs were exceeded for all but one use (below) and was more conservative.
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Table 5.2 Summary of Acute RQs for Freshwater Amphibians and Fish.
Uses/Application Rate
Species
Peak EEC Qig/L)
Acute RQ1
Fish Data
Ornamentals - liquid,
ground, 8 Ibs a.i./acre
Bluegill Sunfish
Lepomis macrochirus
45.12
25.0
Missing uses here had RQs (EECs between 0.3 and 45.1ug/L) that exceeded the LOG.
Alfalfa Clover -granular,
incorporated, 1 Ib a.i./acre
Turfgrass - granular,
broadcast, 1 Ib a.i./acre
Bluegill Sunfish
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill Sunfish
Lepomis macrochirus
0.33
0.08
0.17
0.04
Amphibian Data
Ornamentals - liquid,
ground, 8 Ibs a.i./acre
African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
45.1
75.2
Missing uses here had RQs (EECs between 0.08 and 45.1ug/L) that exceeded the LOG.
Turfgrass - granular,
broadcast, 1 Ib a.i./acre
African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
0.08
0.13
:LOC exceedances (acute RQ > 0.05 for direct effects to endangered species) are bolded and shaded. Acute RQ =
use-specific peak EEC / 1.8 for fish and 0.6 for amphibians (lowest acute value, bluegill or African clawed frog
LC50). 2Highest Peak EEC. 3Lowest Peak EEC with an exceedance. All uses not shown in this table had
exceedances.
Based on sublethal and chronic toxicity data from studies with the African clawed frog and
fathead minnow, chlorpyrifos poses higher chronic risks to amphibians than fish (Table 5.3),
although acute data (Table 5.2) showed slightly higher risks to fish. Only one use, Turfgrass -
granular broadcast, did not exceed the chronic LOG (0.10) for either amphibians or fish.
Twenty-one uses (Table 5.3) showed potential for direct effects to amphibians but not fish.
Twenty-five uses exceeded chronic RQs for both fish and amphibians and have the potential to
directly affect the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander and Delta smelt. All
uses, but the turfgrass use mentioned above, have the potential to directly affect the Delta smelt.
For species indirectly affected by loss offish or aquatic-phase amphibians (the San Francisco
garter snake and California clapper rail) the LOG was 0.5 for acute toxicity and 1 for chronic
toxicity. The chronic LOG (1.0) for indirect effects is the same as the chronic LOG for
endangeres species, which caused RQ exceedances in all uses but one, the turfgrass use.
122
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Table 5.3 Summary of Chronic RQs for Freshwater Amphibians and Fish.
Uses/Application Rate
Species
60-day EEC Qig/L)
Chronic RQ1
Fish Data
Ornamentals - liquid, ground, 8 Ibs
a.i./acre
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
11.9
21
Missing uses here had RQs (EECs >0.5 to 11.9 ug/L) that exceeded the LOC for fish.
Asparagus - granular, incorporated, 1
Ib a.i./acre
Ant mounds - granular, ground, 2 Ibs
a.i./acre
Road median - liquid, ground, 1 Ib
a.i./acre
Road median - granular, ground, 1 Ib
a.i./acre
Wheat - liquid, ground and
incorporated, 0.5 Ibs a.i./acre
Sweet potato - liquid, ground and
incorporated, 2 Ibs a.i./acre
Fig - liquid, ground, 2 Ibs a.i./acre
Turfgrass - liquid, ground, 4 Ibs
a.i./acre
Field and sweet corn, granular,
incorporated, 1 Ibs a.i./acre
Grapes - liquid, ground, 2.25 Ibs
a.i./acre
Pear- liguid, ground, 2 Ibs a.i./acre
Legumes - liquid, ground, 0.5 Ibs
a.i./acre
Legumes - liquid, ground, 0.5 Ibs
a.i./acre
Fig - liquid, incorporated, 2 Ibs
a.i./acre
Grain sorghum - granular,
incorporated, 1.5 Ibs a.i./acre
Sunflower - granular, incorporated, 1.3
Ibs a.i./acre
Peanut - granular, incorporated, 2 Ibs
a.i./acre
Alfalfa Clover -granular, incorporated,
1 Ib a.i./acre
Citrus Floor - granular, incorporated, 1
Ib a.i./acre
Sugarbeet - granular, ground and
incorporated, 2 Ib a.i./acre
Sweet potato - granular, incorporated,
2 Ib a.i./acre
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
0.52
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
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Table 5.3 Summary of Chronic RQs for Freshwater Amphibians and Fish.
Uses/Application Rate
Turfgrass - granular, broadcast, 1 Ib
a.i./acre
Species
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
60-day EEC Qig/L)
0.02
Chronic RQ1
0.04
Amphibian Data 21-day EEC Oig/L)
Ornamentals - liquid, ground, 8 Ibs
a.i./acre
African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
20.1
>201
Missing uses here had RQs (EECs between 0.2 and 20.1 ug/L) that exceeded the LOG for amphibians.
Sweet potato - granular, incorporated,
2 Ib a.i./acre
Turfgrass - granular, broadcast, 1 Ib
a.i./acre
African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
0.2
0.04
>2
>0.4
:LOC exceedances (chronic RQ > 1.0) are bolded and shaded. Chronic RQ = use-specific 21-day EEC / <0. 1
(lowest chronic value, amphibian NOAEC) or use specific 60-day EEC/ 0.57 (lowest fish value, fathead
minnow life cycle NOAEC). 2Highest 60-day EEC without an exceedance. All uses not shown had
exceedances for both 21- and 60-day EECs.
5.1.2 Freshwater Invertebrates
Acute risk to freshwater invertebrates was based on peak EECs in the standard pond and the
lowest acute toxicity value for freshwater invertebrates. Chronic risk is based on 21-day EECs
and the lowest chronic toxicity valued for freshwater crustaceans (used for the shrimp only) and
other invertebrates. All uses have the potential to directly affect the California freshwater shrimp
and indirectly affect the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt, San
Francisco garter snake and California clapper rail (Table 5.4).
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Table 5.4 Summary of Acute RQs for Freshwater Invertebrates.
Uses/Application Rate
Species
Peak EEC (jig/L)
Acute RQ1
Crustacean Data
Ornamentals - liquid,
ground, 8 Ibs a.i./acre
Turfgrass - granular,
broadcast, 1 Ib a.i./acre
Daphnid, Ceriodaphnia
dubia
Daphnid, Ceriodaphnia
dubia
45.1
0.08
644
1.1
All Invertebrate Data
Ornamentals - liquid,
ground, 8 Ibs a.i./acre
Cole crops, Leafy
Vegetable, Rutabaga,
Turnip - liquid, ground and
incorporated, 3 Ibs a.i./acre
Turfgrass - granular,
broadcast, 1 Ib a.i./acre
Blackfly
Simulium vittatum
IS-7
Blackfly
Simulium vittatum
IS-7
Blackfly
Simulium vittatum
IS-7
45.1
16.3
0.08
752
272
1.3
:LOC exceedances (acute RQ > 0.05) are bolded and shaded. Acute RQ = use-specific peak EEC / 0.07 for lowest
crustacean acute value (Ceriodaphnia LC50) or 0.06 lowest acute value for all other taxa (blackfly LC50). Note: For
freshwater invertebrates all acute RQs exceeded the LOG, only highest and lowest Peak EECs are shown.
Table 5.5 Summary of Chronic RQs for Aquatic Invertebrates.
Uses/Application Rate
Ornamentals - liquid, ground, 8 Ibs
a.i./acre
Turfgrass - granular, broadcast, 1 Ib
a.i./acre
Species
Water Flea
Daphnia magna
Water Flea
Daphnia magna
21-day EEC (jig/L)
20.1
0.04
Chronic RQ1
503
1
:LOC exceedances (chronic RQ > 1.0) are bolded and shaded. Chronic RQ = use-specific 21-day EEC / 0.04
(lowest chronic value, daphnid NOAEC). Note: For freshwater invertebrates all chronic RQs exceeded the LOG,
only highest and lowest 21 -day EECs are shown.
Based on chronic data using Daphnia magna, another crustacean, chlorpyrifos has the potential
to directly affect the California freshwater salamander. Additionally, since the acute and chronic
RQs were exceeded, there is a potential for indirect effects to those listed species that rely on
freshwater invertebrates during at least some portion of their life-cycle; this list includes the
California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt, California clapper rail and
San Francisco garter snake (Table 5.5).
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5.1.3 Estuarine/Marine Fish
Acute risk to estuarine/marine fish is based on peak EECs in the standard pond and the lowest
acute toxicity value for estuarine/marine fish. Chronic risk is based on 60-day EECs and the
lowest chronic toxicity value for estuarine/marine fish is used. For species directly affected by
chlorpyrifos concentrations acutely toxic to estuarine/marine fish, risk exceeded the LOG (0.05)
in all but two uses, the Turfgrass granular broadcast and Alfalfa clover granular incorporated
uses. All uses except these two have the potential to directly affect the Delta smelt (Table 5.6).
Table 5.6 Summary of Acute RQs for Estuarine/Marine Fish.
Uses/Application Rate
Ornamentals - liquid,
ground, 8 Ibs a.i./acre
Species
Tidewater silverside,
Menidia peninsulae
Peak EEC Qig/L)
45.12
Acute RQ1
64
Missing uses here had RQs (EECs between 0.4 and 45.1 ug/L) that exceeded the LOC.
Sweet Potato - granular,
incorporated, 2 Ib a.i./acre
Alfalfa Clover -granular,
incorporated, 1 Ib a.i./acre
Turfgrass - granular,
broadcast, 1 Ib a.i./acre
Tidewater silverside,
Menidia peninsulae
Tidewater silverside,
Menidia peninsulae
Tidewater silverside,
Menidia peninsulae
0.4
0.3
0.08
0.6
0.4
0.1
:LOC exceedances (acute RQ > 0.5) are bolded and shaded. Acute RQ = use-specific peak EEC / 0.7 (lowest acute
value, Tidewater silverside LC50). 2Highest EEC. 3Lowest EEC with an exceedance. All uses not shown had
exceedances.
Table 5.7 Summary of Chronic RQs for Estuarine/Marine Fish.
Uses/Application Rate
Ornamentals - liquid, ground, 8 Ibs
a.i./acre
Species
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
21-day EEC Qig/L)
20.1
Chronic RQ1
72
Missing uses here had RQs (EECs between 0.4 and 20.1 ug/L) that exceeded the LOC.
Peanut - granular, incorporated, 2 Ibs
a.i./acre
Sugarbeet - granular, incorporated, 2
Ibs a.i./acre
Citrus Floor - granular, incorporated, 1
Ibs a.i./acre
Sweet potato - granular, incorporated,
2 Ibs a.i./acre
Alfalfa Clover - granular,
incorporated, 1 Ibs a.i./acre
Turfgrass - granular, broadcast, 1 Ib
a.i./acre
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
0.42
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.04
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.1
:LOC exceedances (chronic RQ > 1.0) are bolded and shaded. Chronic RQ = use-specific 21-day EEC / 0.28
(lowest chronic value, Atlantic silverside NOAEC). 2Lowest 21-day EEC with an exceedance. All uses not shown
had exceedances.
Based on sublethal and chronic toxicity data from studies with estuarine and marine fish,
chlorpyrifos has the potential to directly affect the Delta smelt. Only five uses did not exceed the
126
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chronic LOG (1.0): Turfgrass granular broadcast, and Alfalfa clover, Sweet potato, Citrus Floor
and Sugarbeet granular, incorporated. All uses, except these five, have the potential to directly
affect the Delta smelt, as well as the food source relied upon by the California clapper during at
least some portion of its life-cycle (Table 5.7).
5.1.4 Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates
Acute risk to estuarine/marine invertebrates is based on peak EECs in the standard pond and the
lowest acute toxicity value for estuarine/marine invertebrates. Chronic risk is based on 21-day
EECs and the lowest chronic toxicity value for estuarine/marine invertebrates. For species
directly or indirectly affected by chlorpyrifos concentrations acutely or chronically toxic to
estuarine/marine invertebrates, risk exceeded the level of concern (0.05 for acute and 0.10 for
chronic) for all uses. All uses have the potential to indirectly affect the California clapper rail
(Table 5.8)
Table 5.8 Summary of Acute and Chronic RQs for Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates.
Uses/Application Rate
Turfgrass - granular,
broadcast, 1 Ib a.i./acre
Species
Mysid shrimp
Americamysis
bahia
Peak EEC
(Mg/L)
0.082
21-day
EEC
(Hg/L)
0.042
Acute RQ1
2.2
Chronic RQ1
8.7
:LOC exceedances (acute RQ > 0.05; chronic RQ > 1.0) are bolded and shaded. Acute RQ = use-specific peak
EEC / 0.035 (lowest acute value, mysid LC50). Chronic RQ = use-specific 21-day EEC / 0.0046 (lowest chronic
value, mysid NOAEC). 2Lowest EECs - all uses had exceedances.
Since all acute and chronic RQs are exceeded, there is a potential for indirect effects to any listed
species that relies on estuarine/marine invertebrates during at least some portion of its life-cycle
(i.e., the California clapper rail).
5.1.5 Non-vascular Aquatic Plants
Acute risk to aquatic non-vascular plants is based on peak EECs in the standard pond and the
lowest acute toxicity value. For species directly or indirectly affected by chlorpyrifos
concentrations acutely toxic to non-vascular aquatic plants, risk did not exceed the level of
concern (0.10) for any uses. No uses have the potential via this route to indirectly affect the
California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt, California freshwater
shrimp, California clapper rail and San Francisco garter snake (Table 5.9).
Table 5.9 Summary of Acute RQs for Non- Vascular Aquatic Plants.
Uses
Ornamentals - liquid
Application rate (Ib
ai/A) and type
8 Ibs a.i./acre, Ground
Peak EEC
(Hg/L)
45. 12
RQ1
0.3
:LOC exceedances (RQ > 1) are bolded and shaded. RQ = use-specific peak EEC/140 (endpoint, Alga,
Isochrysis galbana EC50). 2Highest Peak EEC - no uses had exceedances.
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Since the acute RQs are not exceeded, these data show no measurable potential for indirect
effects to those listed species that rely on non-vascular aquatic plants during at least some
portion of their life-cycle (i.e., California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, Delta
smelt, California freshwater shrimp, California clapper rail and San Francisco garter snake). No
acceptable data were found for chlorpyrifos effects to aquatic vascular plants. Incident data,
however, did show some severe effects due to chlorpyrifos, which will be covered more in the
uncertainties section.
5.2 Exposures in the Terrestrial Habitat
5.2.1 Birds (surrogate for Reptiles and Terrestrial-phase amphibians)
As previously discussed in Section 3.3, potential direct effects to terrestrial species are based on
foliar, granular and seed treatment applications of Chlorpyrifos. Potential risks to birds (and,
thus, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians) are derived using T-REX, acute and chronic
toxicity data for the most sensitive bird species for which data are available, and a variety of
body-size and dietary categories.
Potential direct acute effects specifically to the California clapper rail are derived by considering
dose- and dietary-based EECs modeled in T-REX for a small bird [20 g (for juveniles) and 100 g
(for adults)] consuming a variety of dietary items (Table 3.8) and acute oral and subacute dietary
toxicity endpoints for avian species. Potential direct acute effects to the terrestrial-phase CRLF
San Francisco garter snake and terrestrial-phase California tiger salamander are derived by
considering dose- and dietary-based EECs modeled in T-REX for a small bird (20 g) consuming
small invertebrates (Table 3.9) and acute oral and subacute dietary toxicity endpoints for avian
species.
Potential direct chronic effects to the California clapper rail are derived by considering dietary-
based EECs modeled in T-REX for a small bird [20 g (juveniles) and 100 g (adults)] consuming
a variety of dietary items and acute oral and subacute dietary toxicity endpoints for avian species.
Potential direct chronic effects of chlorpyrifos to the terrestrial-phase CRLF San Francisco garter
snake and CA tiger salamander are derived by considering dietary-based exposures modeled in
T-REX for a small bird (20g) consuming small invertebrates. Chronic effects are estimated
using the lowest available toxicity data for birds. EECs are divided by toxicity values to estimate
chronic dietary-based RQs. As previously noted, RQ's for granular and seed treatment
applications are not based on EECs but rather calculated in terms of LD50 per square foot.
Therefore, EECs for granular and seed treatments are not generated for these uses.
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Table 5.10 Acute Dose-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos California Red Legged Frog,
Clapper Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, (Foliar;
Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig
(Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground; Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton,
Broccoli, Cabbage, Chinese Cabbage, Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi,
Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Small SFB Species
RQ1
87
159
87
113
70
83
165
46
224
91
78
150
41
70
76
70
22
141
248
Adult CA Clapper
Rail RQ 2
38
70
38
49
32
36
72
21
99
40
34
65
17
32
34
30
11
61
108
Based on house sparrow acute oral LD50 of 10 mg/kg and bw of 20 g
2 Based on house sparrow acute oral LD50 of 10 mg/kg and bw of 100 g
LOG exceedances (RQ > 0.1) are bolded and shaded
Table 5.11 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and California Red
Legged Frog, Clapper Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, (Foliar;
Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig
(Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground; Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton,
Broccoli, Cabbage, Chinese Cabbage, Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi,
Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Acute RQ 1
2
5
3
3
2
2
5
1
6
3
Chronic RQ 2
13
24
14
17
11
13
25
7
35
14
129
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Table 5.11 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and California Red
Legged Frog, Clapper Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
2
4
1
2
2
2
1
4
7
12
23
6
11
12
11
3
22
38
1 Based on Mallard Duck LC50 of 136 ppm
2 Based on Mallard Duck NOAEC of 25 ppm
LOG exceedances (acute RQ > 0.1, chronic RQ > 1) are bolded and shaded.
Table 5.12 LD50/sq ft for Granular Applications Chlorpyrifos California Red Legged
Frog, Clapper Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa, Onion (In-furrow 3)
Asparagus, Citrus Orchard Floors, Corn, Road Median, Turf Grass
(Broadcast: Ground Lightly Incorporated 4)
Citrus Orchard Floor (Broadcast: Ground Unincorporated 5 )
Cole Crop (Brassica) Leafy Vegetables and Radish, Rutabaga and Turnip
(T-band: Lightly Incorporated)
Corn (Broadcast: Aerial)
Peanut, Sweet Potato, Tobacco (Broadcast: Ground Lightly Incorporated)
Sorghum - Grain Sorghum (Milo) (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Soybean (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sugarbeet (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sunflower (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sweet Potato (Broadcast; Ground; Incorporated 6)
Outdoor Nurseries (Broadcast; Unincorporated)
Small SFB
Species LD501
6
18
119
181
119
36
81
161
97
98
3
700
Adult CA
Clapper Rail
LD502
0.8
2.8
19
28
19
6
13
25
15
16
0.4
100
1 Based on common grackle oral LD50 of 5.62 mg/kg and bw of 20 g
2 Based on common grackle oral LD50 of 5.62 mg/kg and bw of 100 g
In- furrow = 1% unincorporated
4Lightly incorporated = 15% unincorporated
5 Unincorporated = 100% unincorporated
Incorporated =1% unincorporated
LOG exceedances (RQ > 0.1) are bolded and shaded
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Table 5.13 Acute and Chronic RQs Seed Treatment and California Red Legged
Frog, Clapper Rail, Tiger Salamander and San Francisco Garter Snake
Use
Field Beans, Green Beans, Kidney Beans, Navy Beans, String Beans,
Wax Beans,
Black-Eyed Peas
Cucumbers, Pumpkins :
Corn
Cotton
Field Peas, Garden Peas
Lima Beans, Snap Beans
Sorghum
Wheat
Acute RQ
mg ai ft 2 /
(LD50*bw)
34
11
0.2
5
8
39
21
0.07
1
Chronic RQ
(mg/kg seed)
/NOAEC
72
72
72
72
143
72
72
3
3
1 Maximum seeding rate = 5 Ib ai/A (HED ExpoSAC SOP 15)
LOG exceedances (acute RQ > 0.1, chronic RQ > 1) are bolded and shaded.
Results of the dose-based EEC analysis of direct effects to the terrestrial phase species evaluated
indicate acute LOC exceedances (acute RQ > 0.1, chronic RQ > 1) for all uses of chlorpyrifos
(Table 5.10; also see Tables 5.11 through 5.13). Based on these results, Chlorpyrifos does have
the potential to directly affect the CRLF, California Clapper Rail, California tiger salamander
and San Francisco garter snake. Additionally, since the acute and/or chronic RQs are exceeded,
there is a potential for indirect effects to those listed species that rely on birds (and, thus, reptiles
and/or terrestrial-phase amphibians) during at least some portion of their life-cycle (i.e., CLRF,
California Clapper Rail, California tiger salamander and San Francisco garter snake.).
5.2.2 Mammals
Potential risks to mammals are derived using T-REX, acute and chronic rat toxicity data, and a
variety of body-size and dietary categories.
Potential direct acute effects specifically to the Salt Marsh harvest mouse are derived by
considering dose- and dietary-based EECs modeled in T-REX for a small mammal (15 g)
consuming a variety of dietary items (Tables 5.14 and 5.15) and acute oral and subacute dietary
toxicity endpoints for rats. Potential direct acute effects specifically to the San Joaquin fox are
derived by considering dose- and dietary-based EECs modeled in T-REX for a large mammal
(1,000 g) consuming a variety of dietary items and acute oral and subacute dietary toxicity
endpoints for rats. RQ's for granular and seed treatment applications are not based on EECs but
rather calculated in terms of LDso per square foot. Therefore, EECs for granular and seed
treatments are not generated for these uses.
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Table 5.14 Acute Dose-Based RQs for Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse and San Joaquin Fox
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Apple, Grape (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum, Fig (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast
Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Cranberry, Strawberry, Sugarbeet Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, Citrus (Foliar; Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground; Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton, Broccoli, Cabbage,
Chinese Cabbage, Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar;
Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
SMH Mouse
RQ1
2
4
3
1
6
1
0.6
S J Fox RQ 1
1
2
1
0.5
3
0.5
0.3
1 Based on rat LD50 =118 mg/kg and bw of 15g
2 Based on rat LD50 =118 mg/kg and bw of 1000 g
LOG exceedances (RQ > 0.1) are bolded and shaded.
Table 5.15 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and Salt Marsh
Harvest Mouse and San Joaquin Fox
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, (Foliar; Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast
Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground; Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton, Broccoli, Cabbage,
Chinese Cabbage, Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish, Turnip (Foliar;
Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Acute RQ1
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.9
0.2
1.2
0.5
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.4
Chronic RQ2
30
54
30
39
24
28
57
16
77
31
27
51
14
24
26
132
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Table 5.15 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and Salt Marsh
Harvest Mouse and San Joaquin Fox
Use (Application Method)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Acute RQ1
0.4
0.1
0.7
1.3
Chronic RQ2
24
8
48
85
1 Based on rat LC50 = 1330 ppm
2 Based on rat NOAEC = 20 ppm
LOG exceedances (acute RQ > 0.1; chronic RQ > 1) are bolded and shaded
Table 5.16 LD50/sq ft for Granular Applications for Chlorpyrifos and Salt Marsh
Harvest Mouse and San Joaquin Fox
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa, Onion (In-furrow 3)
Asparagus, Citrus Orchard Floors, Corn, Road Median, Turf Grass
(Broadcast: Ground Lightly Incorporated 4)
Citrus Orchard Floor (Broadcast: Ground Unincorporated 5 )
Cole Crop (Brassica) Leafy Vegetables and Radish, Rutabaga and Turnip
(T-band: Lightly Incorporated)
Corn (Broadcast: Aerial)
Peanut, Sweet Potato, Tobacco (Broadcast: Ground Lightly Incorporated)
Sorghum - Grain Sorghum (Milo) (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Soybean (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sugarbeet (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sunflower (T-band; Lightly Incorporated)
Sweet Potato (Broadcast; Ground; Incorporated 6)
Outdoor Nurseries (Broadcast; Unincorporated)
SMH Mouse
LD501
0.1
0.4
3
4
3
0.8
2
4
2
2
0.05
4
SF Fox LD502
0.01
0.02
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.03
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
O.01
0.2
1 Based on rat LD50 =118 mg/kg and bw of 1 5g
2 Based on rat LD50 =118 mg/kg and bw of 1 000 g
3 In-furrow = 1% unincorporated
4 Lightly incorporated = 15% unincorporated
5 Unincorporated = 100% unincorporated
6 Incorporated = 1% unincorporated
LOG exceedances (RQ > 0.1) are bolded and shaded
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Table 5.17 Acute and Chronic RQs for Seed Treatment for Chlorpyrifos and Salt Marsh
Harvest Mouse and San Joaquin Fox
Use
Field Beans, Green Beans, Kidney Beans, Navy Beans, String Beans, Wax
Beans
Cucumbers, Pumpkins :
Black-Eyed Peas
Corn
Cotton
Field Peas, Garden Peas
Lima Beans, Snap Beans
Sorghum
Wheat
Acute RQ
mg ai ft 2 /
(LD50*bw)
0.8
<0.01
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
<0.01
0.03
Chronic RQ
(mg/kg seed) /
NOAEC
90
90
90
90
179
90
90
4
4
1 Maximum seeding rate = 5 Ib ai/A (HED ExpoSAC SOP 15)
LOG exceedances (acute RQ > 0.1; chronic RQ > 1) are bolded and shaded
Results of the dose-based EEC analysis of direct effects to the mammalian species evaluated
indicate acute LOG exceedances (acute RQ > 0.1, chronic RQ > 1) for all uses of chlorpyrifos.
(Tables 5.14 through 5.17). Based on these results, Chlorpyrifos does have the potential to
directly affect the Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse and San Joaquin Fox. Additionally, since the acute
and/or chronic RQs are exceeded, there is a potential for indirect effects to those listed species
that rely on mammals during at least some portion of their life-cycle (i.e., CRLF, California
Clapper Rail, California tiger salamander and San Francisco garter snake).
5.2.3 Terrestrial Invertebrates
In order to assess the risks of Chlorpyrifos to terrestrial invertebrates, the honey bee is used as a
surrogate for terrestrial invertebrates. The toxicity value for terrestrial invertebrates is calculated
by multiplying the lowest available acute contact LD50 of 0.059 jig a.i./bee by 1 bee/0.128g,
which is based on the weight of an adult honey bee. EECs (jig a.i./g of bee) calculated by T-
REX for small and large insects are divided by the calculated toxicity value for terrestrial
invertebrates, which is 0.46 jig a.i./g of bee. Larvae for both the Bay checkerspot butterfly and
the Valley elderberry longhorn beetle are considered 'small insects' in this assessment, while the
adults of these species are considered 'large insects' (Table 5.18).
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Table 5.18 Acute and Chronic Dietary-Based RQs for Chlorpyrifos and Terrestrial
Invertebrates
Use (Application Method)
Alfalfa (Broadcast Aerial/Ground, Chemigation)
Almond, Sour Cherry, Filbert, Pecan, Walnut, (Foliar; Broadcast
Aerial/Ground)
Apple (Dormant/Delayed; Broadcast Ground)
Asparagus, Sunflower (Foliar Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum/Prune, Fig (Dormant/Delayed;
Broadcast Ground)
Christmas Trees (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Citrus Fruits (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Corn/Cotton (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground; Chemigation)
Cole Crop -Cauliflower Brussels Sprouts, Corn, Cotton, Broccoli,
Cabbage, Chinese Cabbage, Collar, Kale, Kohlrabi, Rudabaga, Radish,
Turnip (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Cranberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Grape (Dormant; Broadcast Ground)
Mint (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Sorghum, Soybean (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Strawberry (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sugarbeet (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Sunflower (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Wheat (Foliar; Broadcast Aerial/Ground)
Ornamentals (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Turf Grass (Foliar; Broadcast Ground)
Small Insect
RQ*
722
1328
735
943
587
689
1383
385
1887
761
661
1259
341
670
628
578
183
1174
2070
Large Insect
RQ*
80
148
83
104
65
76
152
43
211
85
91
139
39
80
70
65
20
130
228
1 Based on bee LD50 = 0.46 ppm
LOG exceedances RQ > 0.05 are bolded and shaded
Results of the dose-based EEC analysis of direct effects to the mammalian species evaluated
indicate acute LOG exceedances (acute RQ > 0.1, chronic RQ > 1) for all uses of chlorpyrifos.
Based on these results, Chlorpyrifos does have the potential to directly affect the Bay
checkerspot butterfly and Valley elderberry longhorn beetle. Additionally, since the acute and/or
chronic RQs are exceeded, there is a potential for indirect effects to those listed species that rely
on terrestrial invertebrates during at least some portion of their life-cycle (i.e., CRLF, California
Clapper Rail, California tiger salamander and San Francisco garter snake).
5.2.4 Terrestrial Plants
No useable quantitative or qualitative data was found in this search of the open literature for
terrestrial plants. Because of the absence of terrestrial plant effects data for chlorpyrifos, the
Agency turned to other lines of evidence to evaluate the potential for chlorpyrifos to affect
terrestrial vegetation. Available incident data provide some insight into the potential for
chlorpyrifos to affect terrestrial plants. Among the incident reports for chlorpyrifos there are 19
of 43 incidents that classify chlorpyrifos as a probable or highly probable causative agent for
adverse effects in crop plants (Section 5.5.1.2). These data suggest that, in the absence of actual
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controlled terrestrial plant effects studies, there is evidence that the pesticide can and does
adversely affect terrestrial vegetation, although the chemical exposure threshold for such damage
is not presently quantifiable.
5.2.4.1 Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial Animals via Foodborne Uptake
from Aquatic Sources
The KABAM model was used to estimate potential bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in aquatic
food webs and subsequent risks to mammals and birds via consumption of contaminated fish.
KABAM incorporated 7 trophic levels to describe bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in a model
aquatic food web: phytoplankton, zooplankton (e.g., Daphnia sp.), benthic invertebrates (e.g.,
Chironomus sp., crayfish), filter feeders (e.g., mussels, clams), small fish (e.g., young of the
year), medium sized fish (e.g., adult bluegill), and larger upper-trophic level fish (e.g.,
largemouth bass). Chlorpyrifos concentrations in these aquatic trophic levels were used to
estimate acute and chronic exposures of mammals and birds consuming aquatic organisms.
Table 5.19 Calculation of RQ values for mammals and birds consuming
fish contaminated by Chlorpyrifos.
Wildlife Species
Acute
Dose
Based
Dietary
Based
Chronic
Dose Based
Dietary
Based
Mammalian
fog/water shrew
rice rat/star-nosed
mole
small mink
large mink
small river otter
large river otter
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.8
3.5
4.8
5.3
5.7
7.4
0.51
0.51
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.91
Avian
sandpipers
cranes
rails
herons
small osprey
white pelican
LOG exceedances (acute ]
0.18
0.01
0.10
0.02
0.03
0.01
lQ>0.1;chron:
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
cRQ>l)arebolded
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
and shaded.
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.13
136
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Based on results of KABAM (Table 5.19) LOCs (acute = 0.1 and chronic = 1.0) were exceeded
via foodborne uptake of aquatic organisms in terrestrial-phase frogs, rats, sandpipers and other
types of animals. These results apply directly to the California red-legged frog, California tiger
salamander, California clapper rail; and San Francisco garter snake.
5.3 Primary Constituent Elements of Designated Critical Habitat
For Chlorpyrifos use, the assessment endpoints for designated critical habitat PCEs involve the
same endpoints as those being assessed relative to the potential for direct and indirect effects to
the listed species assessed here. Therefore, the effects determinations for direct and indirect
effects are used as the basis of the effects determination for potential modification to designated
critical habitat.
5.4 Spatial Extent of Potential Effects
An LAA effects determination applies to those areas where it is expected that the pesticide's use
will directly or indirectly affect the CRLF Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest
mouse, California tiger salamander, San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater shrimp,
San Joaquin kit fox, Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly or their
designated critical habitats. To determine this area, the footprint of chlorpyrifos's use pattern is
identified, using land cover data that correspond to chlorpyrifos's use pattern. The spatial extent
of the effects determination also includes areas beyond the initial area of concern that may be
impacted by runoff and/or spray drift. The identified direct/indirect effects and/or modification
to critical habitat are anticipated to occur only for those currently occupied core habitat areas,
CNDDB occurrence sections, and designated critical habitat for the CRLF that overlap with the
initial area of concern plus 1000 feet from its boundary. The identified direct/indirect effects
and/or modification to critical habitat for the listed species with designated critical habitat are
anticipated to occur only for the designated critical habitat areas that overlap with the initial area
of concern plus 1000 feet from its boundary. It is assumed that non-flowing waterbodies (or
potential habitat) are included within this area.
In addition to the spray drift buffer, the results of the downstream dilution extent analysis result
in a distance of 283 kilometers which represents the maximum continuous distance of
downstream dilution from the edge of the initial area of concern. If any of these streams reaches
flow into the listed species habitat, there is potential to affect either the listed species or modify
its habitat. These lotic aquatic habitats within the CRLF and SFB Species (Delta smelt,
California Tiger Salamander, California freshwater shrimp, California clapper rail and San
Francisco garter snake) core areas and critical habitats potentially contain concentrations of
chlorpyrifos sufficient to result in LAA determination or modification of critical habitat.
The determination of the buffer distance and downstream dilution for spatial extent of the effects
determination is described below.
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5.4.1 Spray Drift
In order to determine terrestrial and aquatic habitats of concern due to Chlorpyrifos exposures
through spray drift, it is necessary to estimate the distance that spray applications can drift from
the treated area and still be present at concentrations that exceed levels of concern. An analysis
of spray drift distances was completed using AgDrift.
For Chlorpyrifos use relative to the aquatic-phase species, the results of the screening-level risk
assessment indicate that spray drift using the most sensitive endpoints for aquatic invertebrates
exceeds the 1,000 foot range of the AgDrift model for the Tier I ground mode (no higher tier
modeling for ground applications is available in AgDrift).
Because Chlorpyrifos is used on a number of use sites and because the action area represents the
entire state of California no additional efforts have been attempted to quantify the extent of off-
site effects. The maximum distance for buffers has been set to 1,000 feet
5.4.2 Downstream Dilution Analysis
The downstream extent of exposure in streams and rivers is where the EEC could potentially be
above levels that would exceed the most sensitive LOG. To complete this assessment, the
greatest ratio of aquatic RQ to LOG was estimated. Using an assumption of uniform runoff
across the landscape, it is assumed that streams flowing through treated areas (i.e. the initial area
of concern) are represented by the modeled EECs; as those waters move downstream, it is
assumed that the influx of non-impacted water will dilute the concentrations of Chlorpyrifos
present.
Using a LCso value of 0.06 ug/L for aquatic invertebrates (the most sensitive species) and a
maximum peak EEC for applications to ornamentals of 45.1 ug/L yields an RQ/LOC ratio of
15040. Using the downstream dilution approach (described in more detail in Appendix K)
yields a target percent crop area (PCA) of 0.006%. This value has been input into the
downstream dilution approach and results in a distance of 285 kilometers which represents the
maximum continuous distance of downstream dilution from the edge of the initial area of
concern. Because there is uncertainty associated with the EEC derived from modeling
Chlorpyrifos use on ornamentals (assumes 100% application by broadcast across a nursery setting
when most applications will be applied by hand on a subset of the site) a second downstream
evaluation was completed for the use site with the next lowest EEC (cole crops at 16 ppb). The
RQ/LOC ratio for this use is 5440 yielding a target PCA of 0.02%. This ratio also yields a
maximum downstream extent of 285 kilometers.
5.4.3 Overlap between CRLF and SFB Species habitat and Spatial Extent of Potential
Effects
An LAA effects determination is made to those areas where it is expected that the pesticide's use
will directly or indirectly affect the CRLF, Delta smelt, California clapper rail, Salt marsh
harvest mouse, California tiger salamander, San Francisco garter snake, California freshwater
shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay checkerspot butterfly, or
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their designated critical habitats and the area overlaps with the core areas, critical habitat and
available occurrence data for CRLF and critical habitat for the Delta smelt, California clapper
rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, California tiger salamander, San Francisco garter snake,
California freshwater shrimp, San Joaquin kit fox, Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, or Bay
checkerspot butterfly.
For chlorpyrifos, the use pattern in the following land cover classes cultivated cropland,
orchards, residential, and forestry also includes areas beyond the initial area of concern that may
be impacted by runoff and/or spray drift overlaps with listed species habitat. Appendix K
provides maps of the initial area of concern, along with listed species habitat areas. It is
expected that any additional areas of critical habitat that are located 1000 ft (to account for
offsite migration via spray drift) and 285 kilometers of stream reach (to account for downstream
dilution) outside the initial area of concern may also be impacted and are part of the full spatial
extent of the LAA/modification of critical habitat effects determination.
5.5 Risk Description
The risk description synthesizes overall conclusions regarding the likelihood of adverse impacts
leading to an effects determination (i.e., "no effect," "may affect, but not likely to adversely
affect," or "likely to adversely affect") for the assessed species and the potential for modification
of their designated critical habitat.
If the RQs presented in the Risk Estimation (Section 5.1) show no direct or indirect effects for
the assessed species, and no modification to PCEs of the designated critical habitat, a "no
effect" determination is made, based on chlorpyrifos use in California. However, if LOCs for
direct or indirect effect are exceeded or effects may modify the PCEs of the critical habitat, the
Agency concludes a preliminary "may affect" determination for the FIFRA regulatory action
regarding chlorpyrifos. A summary of the risk estimation results are provided in Table 5.20 for
direct and indirect effects to the listed species assessed here and in Table 5.21 for the PCEs of
their designated critical habitat.
Table 5.20 Risk Estimation Summary for chlorpyrifos - Direct and Indirect Effects
Taxa
LOC Exceedances (Y/N)
Description of Results of
Risk Estimation
Assessed Species Potentially
Affected
Non-listed Species (Y)
Freshwater Fish and
Aquatic-phase
Amphibians
Listed Species (Y)
Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis
macrochirus LC50 =1.8 ug/L
LOC exceeded for 46/47 uses
African clawed frog, Xenopus
laevis LC50 = 0.6 ug/L
LOC exceeded for ALL uses
African clawed frog, Xenopus
laevis NOAEC = <0.1 ug/L
LOC exceeded for 46/47 uses
Fathead minnow, Pimephales
promelas NOAEC = 0.57 ug/L
LOC exceeded for 25/47 uses
Indirect Effects:
California clapper rail
San Francisco garter snake
Direct Effects:
California red-legged frog
California tiger salamander
Delta smelt
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Table 5.20 Risk Estimation Summary for chlorpyrifos - Direct and Indirect Effects
Taxa
LOC Exceedances (Y/N)
Description of Results of
Risk Estimation
Assessed Species Potentially
Affected
Non-listed Species (Y)
Freshwater
Invertebrates
Listed Species (Y)
Daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia
LC50 = 0.07 ug/L
LOC exceeded for ALL uses
Blackfly, Simulium vittatum
75-7 LC50 = 0.06 ug/L
LOC exceeded for ALL uses
Daphnid, Daphnia magna
NOAEC = 0.04 ug/L
LOC exceeded for ALL uses
Indirect Effects:
California red-legged frog
California tiger salamander
Delta smelt
California clapper rail
San Francisco garter snake
Direct Effects:
California freshwater shrimp
Non-listed Species (Y)
Estuarine/Marine
Fish
Listed Species (Y)
Tidewater silverside,
Menidia peninsulae
LC50 = 0.7 ug/L
LOC exceeded for 45/47 uses
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
NOAEC = 0.28 ug/L
LOC exceeded for 42/47 uses
Indirect Effects:
California clapper rail
Direct Effects:
Delta smelt
Estuarine/Marine
Invertebrates
Non-listed Species (Y)
Mysid shrimp
Americamysis bahia
LC50 = 0.035 ug/L
LOC exceeded for ALL uses
NOAEC = 0.0046 ug/L
LOC exceeded for ALL uses
Indirect Effects:
Delta smelt
California clapper rail
Non-Vascular
Aquatic Plants
Non-listed Species (N)
Alga, Isochrysis galbana
EC50 = 140 ug/L
LOC was NOT exceeded for
ANY use
Indirect Effects:
California red-legged frog
California tiger salamander
Delta smelt
California clapper rail
San Francisco garter snake
California freshwater shrimp
Salt marsh harvest mouse
Non-listed Species (Y)
Birds, Reptiles, and
Terrestrial-Phase
Amphibians
Acute dose-based and acute
and chronic dietary-based RQs
for non-listed species are
exceeded for all uses.
Indirect Effects:
California red-legged frog
San Francisco garter snake
California clapper rail
California tiger salamander
Listed Species (Y)
Acute dose-based and acute
and chronic dietary-based RQs
for listed species are exceeded
for all uses.
Direct Effects:
California re-legged frog
San Francisco garter snake
California clapper rail
California tiger salamander
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Table 5.20 Risk Estimation Summary for chlorpyrifos - Direct and Indirect Effects
Taxa
LOC Exceedances (Y/N)
Description of Results of
Risk Estimation
Assessed Species Potentially
Affected
Non-listed Species (Y)
Mammals
Acute dose-based and acute
and chronic dietary-based RQs
for non-listed species are
exceeded for the majority of
uses.
Indirect Effects:
Salt marsh harvest mouse
San Joquin kit fox
Listed Species (Y)
Acute dose-based and acute
and chronic dietary-based RQs
for listed species are exceeded
for the majority of uses.
Direct Effects:
Salt marsh harvest mouse
San Joquin kit fox
Terrestrial
Invertebrates
Listed Species (Y)
Acute and chronic dietary-
based RQs for listed species
are exceeded for all uses.
Direct/Indirect Effects:
California red-legged frog
San Francisco garter snake
California clapper rail
California tiger salamander
Salt marsh harvest mouse
San Joquin kit fox
Bay checkerspot butterfly
Valley elderberry longhorn
beetle
California freshwater shrimp
Terrestrial Plants •
Monocots
Non-listed Species (Y)
No vegetative vigor or
seedling emergence plant
toxicity data were available. A
qualitative discussion of risk is
provided. Based on includent
data risk is assumed.
Indirect Effects:
California red-legged frog
San Francisco garter snake
California clapper rail
California tiger salamander
Salt marsh harvest mouse
San Joquin kit fox
Bay checkerspot butterfly
Valley elderberry longhorn
beetle
California freshwater shrimp
Non-listed Species (Y)
Terrestrial Plants •
Dicots
No vegetative vigor or
seedling emergence plant
toxicity data were available. A
qualitative discussion of risk is
provided. Based on includent
data risk is assumed.
Indirect Effects:
California red-legged frog
San Francisco garter snake
California clapper rail
California tiger salamander
Salt marsh harvest mouse
San Joquin kit fox
Bay checkerspot butterfly
Valley elderberry longhorn
beetle
California freshwater shrimp
Non-listed Species (Y)
No vegetative vigor or
seedling emergence plant
toxicity data were available.
Indirect Effects:
California red-legged frog
San Francisco garter snake
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Table 5.20 Risk Estimation Summary for chlorpyrifos - Direct and Indirect Effects
Taxa
LOC Exceedances (Y/N)
Description of Results of
Risk Estimation
Assessed Species Potentially
Affected
Non-listed Species (cont.)
A qualitative discussion of risk
is provided. Based on
includent data risk is assumed.
California clapper rail
California tiger salamander
Salt marsh harvest mouse
San Joquin kit fox
Bay checkerspot butterfly
Valley elderberry longhorn
beetle
California freshwater shrimp
Most of the RQs for chlorpyrifos exceeded the listed species LOCs (acute and chronic) for
aquatic-phase amphibians, freshwater fish and estuarine/marine fish. All of the RQs for 20 g
birds that eat short grass (used as a screening-level surrogate for terrestrial-phase amphibians in
this assessment) also exceeded LOCs. All of the RQs for chlorpyrifos exceeded the LOCs (acute
and chronic) for freshwater invertebrates. Therefore, a potential exists for direct effects to
aquatic-phase and terrestrial-phase California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander,
and for the Delta smelt from all chlorpyrifos uses except one (turfgrass), and for the California
freshwater shrimp from all uses.
All of the RQs for chlorpyrifos exceeded the LOCs (acute and chronic) for freshwater
invertebrates; therefore, the potential exists for indirect effects to the California red-legged frog,
California tiger salamander, Delta smelt, California clapper rail and San Francisco garter snake.
Since most of the RQs were exceeded for freshwater fish and aquatic-phase invertebrates, and all
of the RQs were exceeded for marine invertebrates, the potential exists for indirect effects to the
California clapper rail, San Francisco garter snake and Delta smelt.
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Table 5.21 Risk Estimation Summary for chlorpyrifos - Effects to Designated Critical Habitat.
(PCEs)
Taxa
LOC Exceedances (Y/N)
Description of Results of
Risk Estimation
Species Associated with a
Designated Critical Habitat
that May Be Modified by
the Assessed Action
Vascular Aquatic
Plants
Non-listed Species (N)
Data not available so based on
non-vascular plant data. .
California red-legged frog,
California tiger salamander,
Delta smelt
Non-Vascular
Aquatic Plants
Non-listed Species (N)
Alga, Isochrysis galbana
EC50 = 140 ug/L
LOC was NOT exceeded for
ANY use
California red-legged frog,
California tiger salamander,
Delta smelt
Terrestrial Plants •
Monocots
Non-listed Species (Y)
No vegetative vigor or
seedling emergence plant
toxicity data were available. A
qualitative discussion of risk is
provided. Based on includent
data risk is assumed.
California red-legged frog,
California tiger salamander,
Delta smelt
Terrestrial Plants •
Dicots
Non-listed Species (Y)
No vegetative vigor or
seedling emergence plant
toxicity data were available. A
qualitative discussion of risk is
provided. Based on includent
data risk is assumed.
California red-legged frog,
California tiger salamander,
Delta smelt
Bay checkerspot butterfly,
Valley elderberry longhorn
beetle - if dicots harmed, harm
to these two spp. is likely.
The California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt, Bay checkerspot
butterfly and Valley elderberry longhorn beetle have designated critical habitat. This includes
both aquatic and terrestrial plants for the three aquatic or semi-aquatic species and dicot
terrestrial plants for the two insects (Tables 5.20. and 5.21). None of the RQs for chlorpyrifos
exceeded the listed species LOCs (acute and chronic) for aquatic non-vascular plants. Because
of the absence of terrestrial plant effects data for chlorpyrifos, the Agency turned to other lines of
evidence to evaluate the potential for chlorpyrifos to affect terrestrial vegetation. Available
incident data suggest that, in the absence of actual controlled terrestrial plant effects studies,
there is evidence that the pesticide can and does adversely affect terrestrial vegetation, although
the chemical exposure threshold for such damage is not presently quantifiable. The potential for
direct and/or indirect effects from the animal data also shows that chlorpyrifos use "may affect"
all the species listed in this assessment and/or their designated critical habitat.
Following a "may affect" determination, additional information is considered to refine the
potential for exposure at the predicted levels based on the life history characteristics (i.e., habitat
range, feeding preferences, etc.) of the assessed species. Based on the best available
information, the Agency uses the refined evaluation to distinguish those actions that "may affect,
but are not likely to adversely affect" from those actions that are "likely to adversely affect" the
assessed species and its designated critical habitat.
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The criteria used to make determinations that the effects of an action are "not likely to adversely
affect" the assessed species or modify its designated critical habitat include the following:
• Significance of Effect: Insignificant effects are those that cannot be meaningfully
measured, detected, or evaluated in the context of a level of effect where "take" occurs
for even a single individual. "Take" in this context means to harass or harm, defined as
the following:
• Harm includes significant habitat modification or degradation that results in
death or injury to listed species by significantly impairing behavioral patterns
such as breeding, feeding, or sheltering.
• Harass is defined as actions that create the likelihood of injury to listed species
to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavior patterns which
include, but are not limited to, breeding, feeding, or sheltering.
• Likelihood of the Effect Occurring: Discountable effects are those that are extremely
unlikely to occur.
• Adverse Nature of Effect: Effects that are wholly beneficial without any adverse effects
are not considered adverse.
A description of the risk and effects determination for each of the established assessment
endpoints for the assessed species and their designated critical habitat is provided in Sections
5.5.1. through 5.5.2. The effects determination section for each listed species assessed will
follow a similar pattern. Each will start with a discussion of the potential for direct effects,
followed by a discussion of the potential for indirect effects. For those listed species that have
designated critical habitat, the section will end with a discussion on the potential for modification
to the critical habitat from the use of chlorpyrifos.
5.5.1 Direct Effects
5.5.1.1 Aquatic Species
Effects to aquatic-phase amphibians, as well as both freshwater and saltwater fish are significant
and not discountable. Runoff may cause effects wherever chlorpyrifos is used near sites
inhabited by the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt or
California freshwater shrimp.
Based on the weight-of-evidence, a quite marked potential does exist for direct effects to both
aquatic- and terrestrial-phase of the California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander,
and the Delta smelt.
Aquatic-Phase Amphibians and Fish
The aquatic-phase of the California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander consists of
life stages in which they are obligatory aquatic organisms; these are mainly the egg and larval
stages. The aquatic-phase also includes, to a lesser degree, submerged terrestrial-phase juveniles
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and adults, which spend a portion of their time in water bodies that may receive runoff and spray
drift containing chlorpyrifos.
Toxicity tests on aquatic-phase amphibians are typically not required. It is assumed that acute
toxicity data for fish will protect aquatic life stages of amphibians, just as oral toxicity data for
birds is expected to protect the terrestrial-phase. Studies reviewed in the most recent
chlorpyrifos RED (USEPA, 2002) showed that chlorpyrifos is very highly toxic to larval
amphibians. Small tadpoles appeared to be more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than older life stages.
Water pH had little effect on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to tadpoles. The fact that young
tadpoles were equal to or more sensitive to chlorpyrifos as the most sensitive fish species in the
1999 RED data, raised concerns for assessing risks.
A comparison of the dose:response relationships for various taxa is somewhat revealing from the
data reviewed for this risk assessment. In fish, acute effects were seen at concentrations two
orders of magnitude greater than concentrations where chronic effects were seen (Table 4.1);
however, for amphibians (Table 4.3) and freshwater invertebrates (Appendix E), acute effects
concentrations were much closer to chronic effects concentrations (within the same order of
magnitude) suggesting perhaps different toxicity mechanisms at work in fish than in amphibians
and aquatic invertebrates. Acute fish toxicity data was less similar to acute aquatic-phase
amphibian data than chronic data from the two classes, but this may be due to life stages tested.
As mentioned earlier, Richards and Kendall (2002 and 2003) found that when tadpoles were
exposed to chlorpyrifos while still drawing nutrients from the yolksac (premetamorph stage) they
were particularly resistant; this data raises the steepness of the dose:response relationship for X.
laevis drastically. These data suggest that tadpoles are particularly resistant as premetamorphs
and thus, toxicity data should be used from more sensitive life stages. Fish fry also obtain
nutrition from a yolksac; however, since amphibians metamorphose and fish grow with much
less morphological change, any assessment to aquatic-phase amphibians should be conducted
with data from sensitive amphibian life stages or with fish data as surrogates. Data from more
resistant life-stages of amphibians may not adequately assess the risk.
Aquatic-Phase California Red-Legged Frog and California Tiger Salamander
All but one (turfgrass use) of the RQs for aquatic-phase amphibians exceeded the chronic LOCs
for listed amphibians. The listed species acute LOG of 0.05 is associated with a probability of an
individual effect of approximately 1 in 418,000,000 (using a default slope of 4.5). A more
detailed look was taken at amphibian data by reviewing all amphibian studies in the ECOTOX
accepted papers list (Appendix F). Supplemental chlorpyrifos toxicity data were available for
several aquatic phase amphibian species including the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, the
Southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala and other North American anuran frogs, Hyla
chrysoscelis, Acris crepitans and Gastrophyne olivacea.
Richards and Kendall (2003) examined changes in body length, mass and swimming ability of
two developmental stages (premetamorph and metamorph) of the African clawed frog, and found
that metamorphs were more sensitive than premetamorphs. Metamorph body length and
swimming ability were significantly impaired by 0.1 ug/L chlorpyrifos, the LOAEC and the
lowest concentration tested. Authors also calculated that chlorpyrifos has a 0.1-32.8%
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probability of exceeding a 96-h time-weighted average of 0. 1 ug/L in U.S. surface waters.
Widder and Bidwell (2006) found cholinesterase (ChE) activity in a North American anuran
frog, Rana sphenocephala tadpoles to be significantly inhibited by 100 ug/L chlorpyrifos in 12
days. The NOEC was 10 ug/L chlorpyrifos, which was not as sensitive as the chronic effects
level for the fathead minnow, 0.57 ug/L chlorpyrifos. These authors in a later study (Widder and
Bidwell, 2008) compared chlorpyrifos toxicity in four species of North American anuran frogs,
Hyla chrysoscelis, Rana sphenocephala, Acris crepitans and Gastrophyne olivacea. Exposure
durations were 4- and 12-days. Authors analyzed growth, cholinesterase activity (ChE)
inhibition and swim speed. NOAECs showed a very wide range among frog species tested,
ranging from <1 to >200 ug/L chlorpyrifos. R sphenocephala was the least sensitive species as
measured by ChE activity staying above 50% of control levels except in the highest
concentration tested. Growth (mass), however, was significantly impaired in the 10 ug/L non-
sediment treatment, and so the LOEC for this species is 10 ug/L and the NOEC 1 ug/L
chlorpyrifos. R. sphenocephala was actually the most sensitive species tested in the growth
study. This is important since it is of the same genus as the California red-legged frog (Rana
aurora draytonii) and since growth is an endpoint which is accepted by EPA for use in
determining risk quotients.
Acute toxicity data from the genus, Rana, was fairly consistent, with LCSOs ranging from 19 to
67 ug/L chlorpyrifos, and NOAECs from 1 to 50 ug/L chlorpyrifos. Acute toxicity data for all
frog studies reviewed was much more varied, with LCSOs ranging from 0. 6 to 14,600 ug/L
chlorpyrifos (both high and low from the African clawed frog, X. laevis). If the data point
14,600 is removed as an outlier, however, the data are somewhat more consistent, but still ranges
from 0.6 to 560 ug/L chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, the 14,6000 data point was obtained from a test
using premetamorph tadpoles, which still depend on a yolksac for nourishment and absorb very
little from their environment. Since chlorpyrifos chief toxicity mechanism is the inhibition of
acetylcholinesterase, a lack of toxicity is not surprising if uptake is not yet occurring in the
tadpole. Chronic toxicity data for all frog studies reviewed was also quite varied, with NOAECs
ranging from <0. 1 to 100 ug/L chlorpyrifos. These data suggest that age of test organisms, frog
taxa and perhaps additional factors can greatly influence frog toxicity endpoints.
Delta Smelt
All but one (turfgrass use) of the RQs for freshwater fish exceeded acute LOG for listed fish; and
more than half exceeded the chronic LOG for listed fish. All but two (turfgrass and alfalfa clover
uses) of the RQs for saltwater fish exceeded the acute LOG for listed fish; and all but five
exceeded the chronic LOG for listed fish. Toxicity data for freshwater and saltwater fish were
fairly consistent (in studies considered), ranging from 1.8 to 2.9 ug/L chlorpyrifos for acute
freshwater and 0.70 ug/L to 0.96 ug/L for acute saltwater LCSOs, and from <0.20 to 0.56 ug/L
chlorpyrifos for chronic freshwater; the only data point included for chronic saltwater NOAECs
was also consistent, 0.28 ug/L for the Atlantic silverside.
New supplemental data were available from the open literature for freshwater fish to help
characterize effects to aquatic species of concern (see Appendix E). One such study (De Silva
and Samayawardhena, 2002) using a typical end-use product, reported mortality, paralysis and
histological abnormalities in juvenile guppies exposed to chlorpyrifos. This study showed
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guppies to be more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than fathead minnows, but the study did not produce
an NOAEC. Authors looked at behavioral and histological effects of low concentrations of
Lorsban to early life stages of guppies (Poecilla reticulate). The test concentrations were
expressed as ug/L Lorsban, rather than ug/L chlorpyrifos. The Lorsban used in the study
contained 400 ug/L chlorpyrifos, purity 98%. The LCso and LOAEC were approximately 60%
lower than those reported and were recalculated to convert to ug chlorpyrifos/L; however, since
concentrations were not measured, it was not possible to confirm these data, and, thus the data
could not be used to calculate the risk quotient. Concentrations, as low as 1 ug/L, caused
changes in swimming behavior within 96 h. Authors stated that from the onset of the
experiment, the initial quick swimming behavior shifted to unusual swimming behavior. By
day-14 signs of paralysis and hemorrhaging were recorded in the lowest concentration tested 0. 5
ug/L Lorsban, which calculates to 0. 2 ug/L chlorpyrifos. Therefore the LOAEC was 0. 2 ug/L
chlorpyrifos but no NOAEC was determined. This was the most sensitive endpoint for fish but
could not be confirmed.
Carr, et al. (1995) sought to better understand the process by which chlorpyrifos and parathion
are taken up and metabolized to their oxidized forms which affect acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
activity. They exposed fmgerling channel catfish (Ictaluruspunctatus) to single concentrations
of high doses each of chlorpyrifos (250 ug/L), chlorpyrifos-oxon (7 ug/L), parathion (2.5 mg/L)
and paraoxon (30 ug/L) and then measured inhibition and aging of AChE in brain tissue. The
AChE activity in all treatments was significantly different from controls at all times sampled.
This study was not designed to produce toxicity endpoints that EPA could use for a risk
assessment. Rather, it was designed to study AChE trends over time in response to pesticide
exposure and gives an interesting perspective on the patterns of AChE activity following
exposure, useful in effects characterization. Chiefly, authors found that aging of inhibited AChE
did not appear to cause the persistent inhibition following chlorpyrifos exposure (as compared to
parathion exposure), but rather attributed the persistence to the lipophilicity of chlorpyrifos.
The toxicities of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil (a fungicide) were compared in a study by
Sherrard et al. (2002) using Ceriodaphnia dubia and the fathead minnow, Pimephalespromelas.
Daphnia were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos and fathead minnows were more sensitive to
chlorothalonil. For the fathead minnow, the 10-d LC50 was 150 ug/L chlorpyrifos. For
surviving fish, no significant difference was found between treatment groups and the control.
For daphnia, even though there was significant mortality in the 0.09 ug/L treatment an LC50 was
not determined. The lower and upper thresholds for mortality in this study were 0.05 and 0.09
ug/L chlorpyrifos, with an estimated 10-d LC50 of 0.07 ug/L chlorpyrifos. Despite this, there
was no significant reproductive impairment in the lowest concentration tested, 0.05 ug/L
chlorpyrifos. The most salient point from this study may be that fish seem to be more sensitive
to chlorothalonil, and daphnids to chlorpyrifos, which is not surprising, given the sensitivity of
invertebrates to chlorpyrifos found in data reviewed for this assessment.
California Freshwater Shrimp
In general, all aquatic invertebrate data reviewed (Section 5.2.1.2) had similar effect levels.
Comparing freshwater shrimp data to other invertebrate data, both freshwater and saltwater, we
see that freshwater shrimp toxicity levels are consistent with those from other aquatic
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invertebrates combined. The California freshwater shrimp RQs were calculated using acute and
chronic freshwater crustacean data. Endpoints were so similar that several good endpoints were
available for calculating these RQs. The Ceriodaphnia dubia endpoint used (LC50, 0.07 ug/L
chlorpyrifos) was only minutely different from the blackfly endpoint (LC50, 0.06 ug/L
chlorpyrifos) used for freshwater invertebrates, in general (indirect effects calculations for
aquatic-phase amphibians and fish). The most sensitive chronic endpoint turned out to be
another freshwater crustacean (D. magna, NOAEC, 0.04 ug/L chlorpyrifos). Therefore, the same
chronic endpoint was used for RQ calculations for the shrimp as for other freshwater
invertebrates. Either way, RQs for ALL uses exceeded the LOG for endangered species (0.05 for
acute and 0.10 for chronic).
Olima et al. (1997) compared the tolerance for chlorpyrifos among three naturally occurring
populations of freshwater shrimp (Paratya australiensis) by conducting 96-h toxicity tests.
Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and mortality were measured. The populations from an
unpolluted site were less tolerant than the organisms from polluted sites. The authors attributed
the chlorpyrifos tolerance to previous exposure to pollutants including pesticides, and in one site
with a long human presence to evolution of resistant organisms. Shrimp from the unpolluted site
were the most sensitive, with an LC50 of 0.08 ppb, NOAEC of 0.04 ppb and LOAEC of 0.07
ppb. Shrimp from the polluted sites had LCSOs ranging from 0.14 - 0.28 ppb, NOAECs ranging
from 0.09 - 0.20 ppb, and LOAECs ranging from 0.12 - 0.27 ppb. Van Wijngaarden et al. (1996,
reviewed above) found that within Crustacea, the toxicity range differed by a factor of 103, with
the freshwater shrimp, P. coxalis, having a 96-hr LC10 of >20 ug/L. This data is somewhat
inconsistent with the data found in this review; this review, however only concerned aquatic
invertebrate papers identified by the ECOTOX database as being the most sensitive endpoints.
Undoubtedly, some variation in sensitivity exists among Crustacea and other invertebrate taxa.
A strong potential exists for significant effects to the California freshwater shrimp and these are
not discountable. Runoff may cause effects wherever chlorpyrifos is used near sites inhabited by
the California freshwater shrimp.
Aquatic Incidents
A review of the incident databases shows a total of 280 reported ecological incidents associated
with the use of chlorpyrifos (see Appendix J). Chlorpyrifos has been reported as the 'probable'
or 'highly probable' causative agent for 110 (of the reported 123) adverse aquatic incidents (e.g.,
fish kills). These incidents were reported over the period of 1974 to 2009. These incidents
resulted from the legal, registered uses of chlorpyrifos as well as misuses. In addition, in some
cases it could not be determined if the incident resulted from the legal use of chlorpyrifos or
misuse. Although the number of reported incidents has dropped considerably since mitigation
measures were implemented following the 2002 IRED, the absence of reported incidents in 2006
and 2007 should not be construed as the absence of incidents. EPA's changes in the registrant
reporting requirements of incidents or other factors may account for the reduced number of
reported incidents. Overall, the incident data that are available indicate that exposure pathways
for chlorpyrifos are complete and that exposure levels are sufficient to result in field-observable
effects.
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Five incidents were attributed to chlorpyrifos since EPA's most recent review of the EIIS
database (10/16/07 new use - need to add the reference), four involved mostly aquatic
organisms. In 2007, Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio<\l individuals) were killed (EIIS Incident No.
1019051-003) from a backyard pond in a residential area, after 2-3 days exposure to
Mosquitomist 1.5 ULV Concentrate (active ingredient Chlorpyrifos). A wide area had been
sprayed in the vicinity of the pond. The legality was undetermined and certainty probable;
chlorpyrifos is highly toxic to fish and the spray could have caused the mortality. The route of
exposure was spray drift.
In 2008, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources reported a large fish kill (EIIS Incident No.
1020252-001) in which dead fish were found along a five mile stretch of a stream in Louisa
County, Iowa. The total number of dead fish were approximately 15,300 including an estimated
7000 minnows (Cyprinidae), 3000 stonerollers, 2700 Johnny darters (Percidae), 800 green
sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), 800 bullheads (Ameiurus sp), 1000 white suckers (Catostomus
commersomi), 40 bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), and 2 largemouth bass (Micropterus
salmoides). Iowa Department of Natural Resources has not been able to determine exactly how
the chemicals entered the stream; however, the report states that there was both aerial and ground
spraying of Headline (active ingredient, pyraclostrobin, a fungicide, 099100), Lorsban (active
ingredient, chlorpyrifos), and Cobalt (active ingredient, chlorpyrifos) on corn and soybean fields
in the vicinity prior to the incident. Chlorpyrifos was measured at 1.8 ppb (which,
coincidentally, is the 96-hr LC50 for bluegill sunfish, the acute endpoint for freshwater fish, used
in this risk assessment) using in a water sample taken close to the field that had been sprayed.
Pyraclostrobin was measured in water samples at 29 ppb close to the field and at 13 ppb a couple
of miles downstream. These levels were also greater than the LC50 for freshwater fish (6.2 -
11.4 ppb). No evidence was found of other stressors, including ammonia, low dissolved oxygen,
manure runoff, or other pesticides (there were only "trace amounts" of other pesticides in the
water samples). Legality was undetermined, certainty probable, but the role of chlorpyrifos vs.
that of pryaclostrobin was unclear. Use was for corn and soybeans.
More recently, two large fish kills occurred in Iowa. In July, 2009, in which approximately 540
fish were killed: 480 bluegills, 43 minnows, 9 largemouth bass, 8 Johnny darters, and 1 each
slender madtom and yellow bullhead. Chlorpyrifos was almost certainly the primary cause if
this kill. Measured concentrations of chlorpyrifos were as high as 12 ppb, several times the
LC50 for bluegill sunfish (1.8 ppb). Pyraclostrobin was also present and cannot be ruled out as a
possible contributing factor. Measured concentrations were as high as 1 ppb, which compares to
a bluegill LC50 11.4 ppb. Myclobutanil was also detected at low levels but probably was not a
factor considering its low toxicity to fish (bluegill LC50 2400 ppb). Causes for this incident
were deemed "highly probable" for chlorpyrifos, "possible" for pyraclostrobin, and "unlikely" for
myclobutanil.
Then in an August 21, 2009 incident, approximately 945 fish were killed in a stream near
Kanawha, Iowa. The dead fish were mostly suckers, along with darters, catfish, sunfish and
minnows The stream ran through soybean and corn farms with little to no buffers. The incident
was attributed to the ariel spraying of chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos was measured in the stream at
concentrations as high as 1.7 ppb, which is very close to the LC50 for bluegill sunfish.
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5.5.1.2 Terrestrial Species
As stated in the Risk Estimation section (Section 5.1.2.1), the acute and chronic avian and
mammalian dose and dietary-based RQs estimated with T-REX exceed the LOCs listed species
for all uses of chlorpyrifos, including granular and seed treatment uses. Since the T-REX model
is designed to assess direct effects to birds and mammals, results of the T-REX analysis are
considered appropriate for assessing potential effects to the California Clapper Rail, the salt
marsh harvest mouse and the San Joaquin fox from exposure to chlorpyrifos. No additional
refinements to the T-REX assessments for these species are required. However, further
evaluation of potential direct impact to the non-avian species of concern is required. To refine
the acute dose-based risk estimates for non-bird species, the T-REX model was modified to
account for the lower metabolic rate and lower caloric requirement of amphibians (compared to
birds). Acute dose- and dietary-based RQs were recalculated for using the T-HERPS (Ver. 1.0)
model with species-specific body weights for frog, snake, and salamander species.
There were no avian or amphibian studies available in the ECOTOX open literature for
chlorpyrifos. Relevant data from mammalian studies available in ECOTOX have been
incorporated into the mammalian ecological assessment. Reported incidents involving
chlorpyrifos exposures to birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians, and mammals have been reviewed,
documented and considered as part of this assessment.
California Clapper Rail
The acute avian dose and dietary-based RQs estimated using the T-REX model exceed the acute
and chronic listed LOCs of 0.1 and 1 respectively for the California Clapper Rail for all uses of
chlorpyrifos, including granular and seed treatment uses. Extensive available acute avian
toxicity data for chlorpyrifos indicate that chlorpyrifos is highly toxic to a number of bird
species. There are 19 available acute toxicity studies on technical grade chlorpyrifos covering 15
different avian species. Adverse effects were observed in the available acute studies at levels
ranging from moderate to very highly toxic. The majority of the available acute studies resulted
in effects categorized as highly or very highly toxic for a variety of species (12 of 19 studies).
Subacute dietary studies in several bird species also indicate that chlorpyrifos can be highly toxic
to birds. Results from the 14 available subacute toxicity studies representing four different avian
species indicate that effects occurred at exposure levels categorized as moderately to highly
acutely toxic. Of the available subacute studies, results from at least one study for each of the
four avian species tested resulted in effects at levels categorized as highly toxic. Additionally,
mortalities occurred in two species in six avian subacute dietary studies. Adverse growth and
reproduction effects were consistently observed within a relatively narrow dose range (60 - 125
ppm) in studies in mallard duck and bobwhite quail species. Adverse growth/reproductive
effects were seen in both species in four of the five available reproduction studies. The evidence
from a number studies on a range of avian species indicates potential for direct effects to the
CCR. The effects determination is likely to adversely affect.
California Red Legged Frog
In a refined assessment for the CRLF, dose-based RQs were recalculated for all application
scenarios using the T-HERPS model for small (1 g), medium (37 g), and large (238 g) frogs.
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The range of dose-based RQs generated by T-HERPS (Table 5.22). The highest dose-based
RQs are associated with use of chlorpyrifos on cole crops. For this use, the acute RQs exceed
the acute listed species LOG of 0.1 for small, medium and large frogs for all but two of the food
consumption scenarios assessed. Use of chlorpyrifos on wheat generated the lowest RQs for
agricultural uses. RQ's for use on wheat exceed the acute LOG for three of the seven dietary
exposure scenarios assessed. For the non-agricultural uses of chlorpyrifos on ornamentals and
turf grass, RQs exceed the acute LOG for all weight classes of frogs for all but two of the feeding
scenarios assessed. As noted, the evidence from a number of surrogate toxicity studies on a
range of avian species which are considered indicates potential for direct effects to the CRLF.
The effects determination is likely to adversely affect.
Table 5.22 T-HERPS Dose-based RQs for CRLF
Use/Application
Rate (Ibai/A)
Cole Crop
3 Ib aiA
Wheat
0.5 Ib aiA
Ornamentals
4 Ib aiA
Turf Grass
4 Ib aiA
Diet
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
S(lg)
EEC
60
27
34
4
N/A
N/A
N/A
6
3
o
3
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
37
17
21
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
66
30
37
4
N/A
N/A
N/A
RQ
11
5
6
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
7
3
4
0.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
12
5
7
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
M(37g)
EEC
59
27
33
4
962
60
1
6
o
3
o
3
0
93
6
0
37
17
21
2
598
37
1
65
30
36
4
1055
66
1
RQ
10
5
6
1
171
11
0.2
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.1
16.6
1.0
0.0
7
3
4
0.4
106
7
0.1
12
5
6
1
188
12
0.2
L (238 g)
EEC
39
18
22
2
150
9
1
4
2
2
0
15
1
0
24
11
14
2
93
6
0
42
19
24
o
J
164
10
1
RQ
7
3
4
0.4
27
2
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.4
<0.1
2.6
0.2
<0.1
4
2
2
0.3
17
1
0.1
8
3
4
0
29
2
0.2
Bold indicates that the RQ exceeds the listed species LOG (0.1 acute, 1 chronic)
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San Francisco Garter Snake
T-HERPs was used to refine the SFGS assessment. Dose-based RQs were recalculated for all
use scenarios using the T-HERPS model for juvenile (2 g), adult male (113 g), and adult female
(227 g) snakes. The range of dose-based RQs for the SFGS generated by T-HERPs for
agricultural applications and ornamental and turf uses are presented in Table 5.23. With the
exception of three dietary exposure scenarios for use of chlorpyrifos on wheat and ornamentals,
the acute RQs exceed the acute listed species LOG of 0.1 for all dietary exposure scenarios
assessed for snakes. As noted, the evidence from a number of surrogate toxicity studies on a
range of avian species which are considered indicates potential for direct effects to the SFGS.
The effects determination is likely to adversely affect.
Table 5.21 T-HERPS Dose-based RQs for SFGS
Use/AR
(Ibai/A)
Cole Crop
3 Ib aiA
Wheat
0.5 Ib aiA
Ornamentals
4 Ib aiA
Turf Grass
4 Ib aiA
Diet
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Juvenile (2 g)
EEC
55.3
25.3
31.1
3.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
5.4
2.5
3.0
0.3
N/A
N/A
N/A
34.4
15.8
19.3
2.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
60.7
27.8
34.1
3.8
N/A
N/A
N/A
RQ
10
5
6
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
6
3
3
0.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
11
5
6
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
Adult M (113 g)
EEC
45.7
21.0
25.7
2.9
315.0
19.7
0.9
4.4
2.0
2.5
0.3
30.6
1.9
0.1
28.4
13.0
16.0
1.8
195.9
12.2
0.6
50.2
23.0
28.2
3.1
345.6
21.6
1.0
RQ
8
4
5
1
56
4
0.1
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.0
5.4
0.3
0.1
5
2
3
0
35
2
0.1
9
4
5
1
61
4
0.2
Adult F (227 g)
EEC
39.0
17.9
22.0
2.4
156.8
9.8
0.8
3.8
1.7
2.1
0.2
15.2
1.0
0.1
24.3
11.1
13.7
1.5
97.5
6.1
0.5
42.8
19.6
24.1
2.7
172.0
10.8
0.8
RQ
7
3
4
0
28
2
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.4
<0.1
2.7
0.2
<0.1
4
2
2
0
17
1
0.1
8
3
4
0
31
2
0.2
Bold indicates that the RQ exceeds the listed species LOG (0.1 acute, 1 chronic)
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California Tiger Salamander
Dose-based RQs were recalculated for all use scenarios using the T-HERPS model for average
weight salamander species. T-HERPs dose-based RQs for the CIS are presented in Table 5.24.
These RQs were recalculated for all use scenarios using the T-HERPS model and average body
weight assumptions for the salamander. The evidence indicates potential for direct effects to the
CTS. The effects determination is likely to adversely affect.
Table 5.23 T-HERPS Dose-based RQs for CTS
Use/Application Rate
(Ibai/A)
Cole Crop
3 Ib aiA
Wheat
0.5 Ib aiA
Ornamentals
4 Ib aiA
Turf Grass
4 Ib aiA
Diet
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Small herbivore mammals
Small insectivore mammals
Small terrestrial phase amphibian
Average (50 g)
EEC
55
25
31
3
712
45
1
5
3
3
>1
69
4
>1
34
16
19
2
443
28
1
60
28
34
4
781
49
1
RQ
11
4.5
5
0.55
128
8
0.2
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.2
1
0.7
0.2
6
3
3
0.4
79
5
0.1
55
5
6
0.7
141
9
0.2
Bold indicates that the RQ exceeds the listed species LOG (0.1 acute, 1 chronic)
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Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse
The acute and chronic mammalian dose and/or dietary-based RQs estimated using the T-REX
model exceed the acute and chronic LOG for the salt mouse harvest mouse for all spray
applications of chlorpyrifos and for the majority of granular and seed treatment uses. Based on
available toxicity data, chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic to small mammals on an acute oral basis
and slightly toxic to mammals via subacute exposure. Reproductive effects observed in a 2-
generation rat study included reduced pup weights and increased pup mortality. The evidence
indicates potential for direct effects to the SMHM. The effects determination is likely to
adversely affect.
San Joaquin Kit Fox
The acute and chronic mammalian dose and/or dietary-based RQs estimated using the T-REX
model exceed the acute and chronic LOG for the San Joaquin kit fox for all spray applications of
chlorpyrifos and for the majority of granular and seed treatment uses. The evidence indicates
potential for direct effects to the SJKF. The effects determination is likely to adversely affect.
Bay Checkerspot Butterfly and Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle
The RQs for both small and large insects significantly exceed the acute LOG for listed species
for all chlorpyrifos uses. The acute RQs for small insects range from 180 (wheat) to 2070 (turf)
and the acute RQs for large insects range from 20 to 228 for wheat and turf respectively. The
highest terrestrial invertebrate endpoint from the available acute toxicity studies is 0.114 jig
ai/bee. The lowest RQ, using the endpoint from this study is xx (wheat) which still exceeds the
acute list species LOG of 0.05. There are also two laboratory studies that evaluate toxicity to
honey, alfalfa leaf-cutter and alkali bees from residues on of chlorpyrifos on alfalfa foliage after
application of the 4EC formulation. These studies indicate high residual toxicity to all bee
species through 8 hours post-application and continued high toxicity to honey and leaf-cutter
bees at 24 hours post-treatment. A submitted study on adult lady beetles also indicates
chlorpyrifos toxicity to beetles from direct application of the 4EC chlorpyrifos formulation based
on a 70% reduction in survival of adult lady beetles 48 hours after application. The only
available field study on bees showed significantly suppressed visitation (46%) for three days
post-treatment but indicated low overall toxicity to bees. The evidence indicates potential for
direct effects to the BCB and VELB. The effects determination is likely to adversely affect.
Terrestrial Incidents
As stated in Section 5.5.1.1., a review of the incident databases shows a total of 280 reported
ecological incidents associated with the use of chlorpyrifos (see Appendix J). Chlorpyrifos has
been reported as the 'probable' or 'highly probable' causative agent for 80 (of the reported 108)
terrestrial incidents, many of which were bird and honey bee kills. These incidents were reported
over the period of 1974 to 2009 and resulted from the legal, registered uses of chlorpyrifos as
well as misuses. Some cases were never resolved as to whether the cause was legal use of
chlorpyrifos or misuse. Although the number of reported incidents has dropped considerably
since mitigation measures were implemented following the 2002 IRED, the absence of reported
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incidents in 2006 and 2007 should not be construed as the absence of incidents since EPA's
registrant reporting requirements changed for incidents Overall, the incident data that are
available indicate that exposure pathways for chlorpyrifos are complete and that exposure levels
are sufficient to result in field-observable effects.
Three incidents were attributed to chlorpyrifos since EPA's most recent review of the EIIS
database (October 16, 2007), two involved mostly aquatic organisms and are described above.
The third involved mostly terrestrial organisms. In 2008, a corn field was sprayed via aerial
applicator with Lorsban-4E and caused mortality in nearby bee colonies (this is covered in more
detail in the terrestrial section). Other notable aquatic incidents from past data include an
incident in 1992 (EIIS Incident No. 1000087-001) in which an unknown number of frogs were
killed by chlorpyrifos, but misuse was suspected in this case. Incident data clearly show
chlorpyrifos' potential for causing toxicity to aquatic animals.
A query of the American Bird Conservancy Database, on September 1, 2009 showed 3,630
incidents attributed to chlorpyrifos, resulting in the deaths of 430,718 birds (see Appendix J).
The EIIS database had one new study to report. In 2008, a corn field was sprayed via aerial
applicator with Lorsban-4E emilsifiable concentrate (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) at
Sacramento County, California (EIIS Incident No. 1020441-001). The aircraft was spraying for
army worms. One hundred and eighty (180) beehives (Apis milliferd) were on levees or roadways
on each side of the corn field. The majority of the bees in these hives were completely killed
with only sealed brood remaining. Three hundred hives, within a mile from the main kill
location, also were found to have mortality; dead field bees were noticed around these hives.
These hives were not directly sprayed and had adequate food supplies for the winter. Report
authors attributed the bee kill and the slow die off to Lorsban residue in the corn pollen that
continued to kill bees after the spraying. Corn pollen was the only pollen source in drought years
which the bees brought back to the hives. Corn pollen contaminated with chlorpyrifos was the
most likely explanation of bee mortality. The aerial applicator that applied Lorsban agreed to
pay for the loss in a settlement agreement. The bee kill was determined to be due to a legally
registered use and certainty was probable. Other notable items include a fox killed by runoff
(EIIS Incident No. 1000962-001) and a raccoon, rat, squirrel and lobster killed by drift (EIIS
Incident No. 1010831-005) of chlorpyrifos.
No terrestrial plant phytotoxicity data were available to quantitatively assess the potential risk to
terrestrial plants; however evidence from the EIIS suggests that chlorpyrifos poses a risk to
terrestrial plants. Chlorpyrifos had been reported (at the time of the last RED, USEPA, 2002) as
the 'probable' or 'highly probable' causative agent for 19 (of the reported 43) incidents of plant
(agricultural crop) damage. Chlorpyrifos was linked as a 'possible' causative agent in 22 (of the
reported 43) plant incidents. No new incidents were found in this query.
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5.5.2 Indirect Effects
Potential Loss of Prey
5.5.2.1 Aquatic Organisms
Pesticides have the potential to indirectly affect listed species by causing changes in structural or
functional characteristics of affected communities. Structural changes usually mean those
changes that involve the loss of a plant or animal from the community that the listed species
relies upon for food or shelter. Functional changes involve rates, for example, primary
productivity, which can be impaired by pesticides. Reduction in such a rate can affect the food
source of the listed species. These are considered indirect effects of the pesticide, and can be
part of the critical habitat modification evaluation. To assess indirect effects, direct effects LOCs
were used from taxonomic groups (e.g., freshwater fish, invertebrates and aquatic plants)
essential to the life history of the listed species, to infer the potential for indirect effects upon
listed species (USEPA, 2004); this approach has been endorsed by the Services (USFWS/NMFS,
2004).
The California red-legged frog's diet consists mainly of algae during its earliest stages and then
freshwater aquatic invertebrates and fish. In its terrestrial-phase, the frog's diet consists of
terrestrial invertebrates, small mammals, and frogs. The California tiger salamander's diet
during the aquatic-phase consists of algae, snails, zooplankton, small crustaceans, aquatic larvae
and invertebrates, smaller tadpoles of Pacific tree frogs and California red-legged frogs. As an
adult, its diet consists of terrestrial invertebrates, insects, frogs, and worms. The Delta smelt's
diet consists of small zooplankton, primarily planktonic copepods, cladocera, amphipods, and
insect larvae. However, the most important food organism appears to be Eurytemora affinis,
which is a euryhaline copepod (USFWS, 1995 and 2004). Since the potential for direct effects to
fish and amphibians have been described, this section will focus on potential effects to aquatic
and terrestrial invertebrates and plants, and on small mammals and worms. Special emphasis is
placed on copepod effects since it is the favorite food of the Delta smelt.
Freshwater invertebrate toxicity studies were reviewed for this assessment (Appendix E). The
Delta Smelt also needs saltwater invertebrates as a food source. No new, more-sensitive
saltwater invertebrate studies were found in this review; however, several freshwater studies
were reviewed. Freshwater studies showed a very narrow range of toxicities among invertebrate
taxa, ranging from 0.06 ug/L chlorpyrifos for blackfly to 0.08 ug/L for ceriodaphnia and
freshwater shrimp; acute sediment test results ranged from 32 to 180 ug/Kg (midge and daphnid,
respectively). Invertebrate NOAECs ranged from 0.025 to 0.04 ug/L chlorpyrifos (both
daphnids); chronic sediment toxicity test results ranged from 32 to 52 ug/Kg. Acute to chronic
values so close suggest a threshold concentration and that acute and chronic toxicity result from
the same, or similar, mechanisms; however, in at least one case this may be in part due to low
dissolved oxygen concentrations, making the acute value lower than it should be.
Such a narrow effects range may help to explain findings of Van der Hoeven and Gerritsen
(1997), that exposed daphnids removed to clean water, still died. They tested acute and chronic
effects of chlorpyrifos, and recovery from exposure in Daphniapulex. Chlorpyrifos-ethyl was
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the test substance. The CAS number for chlorpyrifos-ethyl is 39475-55-3; the CAS number for
chlorpyrifos is 2921-88-2. Both chlorpyrifos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos are common names,
however, for EPA PC Code 059101. Lab and field tests were conducted and compared.
Authors also noticed that daphnids became immobilized several days before death and that when
immobilized daphnids were removed from exposure to the test substance, they did not recover,
but died. The lowest NOAEC found was 0.05 ug/L chlorpyrifos in the 17 d study, and the LOEC
was 0.10 ug/L chlorpyrifos. In this study, the EC50 at day 3 was 0.09 ug/L chlorpyrifos. This
was from the 17-d laboratory test using the technical grade of chlorpyrifos. Both acute and
chronic endpoints from this test were more sensitive than those which EPA used in the last risk
assessment (USEPA, 2002), 0.04 ug/L chlorpyrifos as the NOAEC and 0.10 ug/L chlorpyrifos as
the LC50. However, the results are reported in nominal concentrations, rather than measured
concentrations and data was not available to confirm these concentrations.
Crustaceans and aquatic insects had similar sensitivities. Hyder et al. (2005) compared the
sensitivities between two blackfly sibling species, Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt cytospecies IS-7
and S. vittatum Zetterstedt cytospecies HIL-J, to chlorpyrifos. Authors also looked at
sensitivities at different life stages. Authors concluded that the two sister species did not have
significantly different susceptibility among instar groupings and recommend the mid-instars for
use in toxicity tests since they are more sensitive than the late instars but easier to handle than the
early instars. The most sensitive data point found was with S. vittatum IS-7 early instars (second
and third instars), which had an LC50 of 0.06 ug/L chlorpyrifos. The test duration was only 24-
h. EPA recommends that acute test duration be 96-h except for daphnids, mysids and oyster
larvae, which can be 48-h. This endpoint, however, should only be more sensitive if the test
duration were greater. Therefore, this study was used to calculate RQs in this assessment.
Bailey et al. (1996) compared the responses of three pesticides, carbofuran, diazinon and
chlorpyrifos, to procedures used in toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). The effect of a
metabolic inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, on the toxicity of each pesticide was determined. All
three pesticides eluted separately in characteristic methanol/water fractions. Chlorpyrifos was
not effectively reduced by acid or base conditions. Chlorpyrifos was also not effectively
removed by solid-phase extraction. Its toxicity, however, was ameliorated by piperonyl
butoxide. Chlorpyrifos recoveries were not affected by pH, but hydrolysis was found to be
favored by alkaline conditions, but authors cited other work that concluded that the half-lives
associated with such reactions were generally days in duration unless a catalyst is present.
Similar recoveries were found in all three pesticides from C-8 and C-18 columns when 100%
methanol was used to elute the columns. Chlorpyrifos, however, had lower overall recoveries in
methanol than the other two pesticides, especially at lower methanol concentrations. Piperonyl
butoxide was effective in reducing toxicity of chlorpyrifos and diazinon, both metabolically
activated organophosphorous insecticides. Authors derived an endpoint, 96-h LC50 of 0.06 ug/L
chlorpyrifos. This study, however, does not meet the criteria for acceptance for use in
calculating RQs due to lack of a range of test concentrations; however, it helps confirm the
blackfly endpoint used, which was also 0.06 ug/L chlorpyrifos.
Van Wijngaarden et al. (1993) compared increasing levels of realism in testing techniques by
using single species toxicity tests, then indoor and outdoor microcosm tests, then outdoor
mesocosm tests. Sixteen species were used; test organisms were all indigenous to the
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Netherlands. Dursban (chlorpyrifos) was the test substance. Data derived in this study show a
broad range of sensitivities to chlorpyrifos. Gammaruspulex had the most sensitive endpoint
tested, with a 96-hr LC10 of 0.02 ug/L chlorpyrifos, a 48-hr LC50 of 0.08 ug/L and a 96-hr
LC50 of 0.07 ug/L chlorpyrifos, using Dursban 4E and tap water. Within Crustacea, the toxicity
range differed by a factor of 103, with the freshwater shrimp, P. coxalis, having a 96-hr LC10 of
>20 ug/L. The level seen in G. pulex (96-hr LC50 of 0.07 ppb) was similar in sensitivity to the
blackfly endpoint used to calculate RQs.
Andersen et al. (2006) investigated causes of toxicity and macroinvertebrate impacts in the
Salinas River. They conducted toxicity tests with amphipods (Hyalella azteca), baetid mayflies
(Procloeon sp.) and midges (Chironomus dilutus, Shobanov, formerly Chironomus tentans).
They looked at the toxicity of two organophosphate and two pyrethroid pesticides, and at the
effects caused by increasing particle loads. Chlorpyrifos was only tested on the mayflies in this
study. They used data from another published study to compare amphipod and midge LCSOs to
Salinas River concentrations. The two chief stressors turned out to be chlorpyrifos and
permethrin. The mayfly was sensitive to chlorpyrifos and permethrin within the range of
concentrations of these pesticides measured in the river and the midge was sensitive to
chlorpyrifos within the ranges of concentrations measured in the river. The LC50 for
chlorpyrifos toxicity to Procloeon was 81 ng/L (0.08 ppb). The most contaminated station in
the Salinas River had a mean chlorpyrifos concentration of 183 ng/L (50-520 ng/L), more than
twice the LC50 for the mayfly.
Foster and Korth (1998) investigated toxicity in an irrigation area in New South Wales,
Australia, by conducting acute toxicity tests using ten individual pesticides that were routinely
used in the area: atrazine, bensulfuron-methyl, bromacil, chlorpyrifos, diuron, malathion,
metolachlor, molinate, simazine and thiobencarb. Toxicity testing was done in the lab using the
cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. Chlorpyrifos and malathion were the most toxic pesticides
tested. In their discussion, they compared findings to those by other authors and found C. dubia
ten times more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than Daphnia longispina. For atrazine, chlorpyrifos,
metolachlor, simazine and malathion, 48 h toxicity was greater in the reconstituted water than the
ambient water. Authors speculated that particles in the ambient water may have adsorbed more
hydrophobic compounds and decreased bioavailability. Exceptions to this trend were molinate
and diuron, which were more toxic in ambient water. The 48-h EC50 in the reconstituted water
was 0.08 ug/L chlorpyrifos.
Rose et al. (2002) studied the effect on Ceriodaphnia cf dubia of three chemicals with different
mechanisms of action (3,4-dichloroaniline, fenoxycarb, and chlorpyrifos) under both limited and
abundant food conditions. Limited food significantly increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos. This
was attributed to the tendency of organophosphates to bind irreversibly to acetylcholinesterase
(AChE), requiring the organism to use more energy to destroy and synthesize more AChE.
Organophosphates also cause uncontrolled muscle contractions, which use energy. Data derived
in this study show that chlorpyrifos is more toxic to daphnia under low food conditions than high
food conditions. Well-fed Ceriodaphnia had an NOEC of 0.045 ug/L, but combined with low-
food stress, Ceriodaphnia had an NOEC of 0.025 ug/L.
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A few studies were found that tested sediment toxicity from chlorpyrifos runoff. Hootfman et al.
(1993) purposed to develop a set of acute and chronic test systems with both sediment/water and
pore water as matrices, for testing contaminated sediments for the Netherlands Integrated Soil
Program (PCBB). Acute and chronic protocols were tested on Daphnia magna and Chironomus
riparius. D. magna acute and chronic (reproduction) tests were conducted at three institutes.
Subchronic tests with C. riparius were conducted at two of the institutes. The general
conclusion was that most of the toxicity was attributable to the aqueous phase.
Rakotondravelo et al. (2006) studied effects of long-term (45-d) exposure of atrazine, DDT and
chlorpyrifos on Chironomus tentans. Chironomids exposed to 0.1 ug/L chlorpyrifos, had 67%
reduction in survivorship by day 20, but a 1.5-fold increase in ash-free dry weight and an 81%
increase in adult emergence rate, though actual numbers that emerged were significantly lower.
Authors attributed the increased weight gain and emergence rate to less competition for
resources due to mortality. Data derived in this study show sediment toxicity from chlorpyrifos
atalevelof20ug/Kg.
As previously mentioned, the most important food organism the Delta is the copepod,
Eurytemora affinis which is euryhaline (can survive in fresh- or saltwater). Copepod data from
the ECOTOX database were reviewed in this assessment regardless of whether the endpoints
were more sensitive than those previously used for invertebrates (Table 4.4). One particularly
sensitive endpoint was found by Rene, et al (1996); the NOAEC for one copepod was <0. 1 ug/L
chlorpyrifos, which was similar to that of the African clawed frog as seen in Table 4.3. This
does raise concerns, for the food source of the Delta smelt. Biever et al. (1994) found that
chlorpyrifos when sprayed in a single dose had a half-life of approximately 4 days but did
partition in the sediment when treatments produced water column concentrations as low as 0.3
ug/L chlorpyrifos. Most freshwater invertebrate and fish communities were able to recover
within a few weeks with the possible exception of Chironominae, a subfamily of Chironomidae.
Using multivariate ordination analysis, Van den Brink et al. (1996) found that the NOAEC for
zooplankton/macroinvertebrate communities was 0.1 ug/L chlorpyrifos. Copepods and other
Crustacea recovered by week 12 after single application treatments and other invertebrate taxa by
week 24. Van Wijngaarden et al. (1996) compared in-lab single species tests with outdoor
mesocosm test results. Standard species and those indigenous to the Netherlands were used. In
mesocosms, dosing was done once and macroinvertebrates and zooplankton were sampled, along
with several species exposed via in-situ cages. In general, the lab and caged studies differed by a
factor of approximately 3. Also notable were copepod data; total copepods had an NOAEC of
<0.1 ppm, but copepod nauplii had a NOAEC of 0.9 ppm.
The California freshwater shrimp is dependent on algae and detritus as its food source.
Chlorpyrifos is not very toxic to algae (Section 5.2.1.2) and no RQs exceeded the LOG for
endangered species. These data show that no significant indirect effects on the shrimp from food
source reduction are expected from chlorpyrifos use.
These data show, however, that significant effects are expected on the food source of the
California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander and Delta smelt and that these effects are
not discountable. These effects also apply to the food source of the San Francisco Garter Snake
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and California Clapper Rail. Runoff may cause effects wherever chlorpyrifos is used near sites
inhabited by the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander or Delta smelt.
5.5.2.2 Terrestrial Invertebrates
The diets of terrestrial-phase juvenile and adult CRLF and SFGS consist largely of terrestrial
invertebrates. The CCR and terrestrial phase CTS also consume terrestrial invertebrates as part of
their diets. As previously noted, the RQs for both small and large insects significantly exceed
the acute LOG for listed species for all chlorpyrifos uses and available laboratory studies provide
evidence of high toxicity to multiple bee species from exposure to chlorpyrifos. Based on the
weight-of-evidence, there is a potential indirect impact to the CCR, CRLF, SFGS, and CTS
based on this endpoint. The effects determination is likely to adversely affect
5.5.2.3 Mammals
Life history data for CCR, SFGS and terrestrial-phase SFGS indicate that large adults of those
species consume terrestrial vertebrates, including mice. As previously noted, the acute and
chronic mammalian dose and/or dietary-based RQs estimated using the T-REX model exceed the
acute and chronic LOG for the salt mouse harvest mouse for all spray applications of
chlorpyrifos and for the majority of granular and seed treatment uses. Based on the weight-of-
evidence, uses for chlorpyrifos may indirectly impact the CCR, CRLF, SFGS, and CTS through
effects to the mammalian prey base. The effects determination is likely to adversely affect.
5.5.2.4 Terrestrial-phase Amphibians
Listed species that consume frogs include the terrestrial-phase adult CRLFs, juvenile and adult
SFGS, and terrestrial phase CTS. The T-HERPs RQ values representing direct exposures of
chlorpyrifos to these species are used to represent exposures of chlorpyrifos to frogs in terrestrial
habitats. Based on the assessment of risk to the terrestrial-phase amphibians (direct effects), the
Agency concludes that chlorpyrifos may indirectly impact the terrestrial phase adult CRLF,
juvenile and adult SFGS, and terrestrial phase CTS through effects to the terrestrial-phase
amphibian prey base. The effects determination is likely to adversely affect (see Section 5.2.1.2
for more details).
5.5.3 Potential Modification of Habitat
Aquatic plants serve several important functions in aquatic ecosystems. Non-vascular aquatic
plants are primary producers and provide the autochthonous energy base for aquatic ecosystems.
Vascular plants provide structure, rather than energy, to the system, as attachment sites for many
aquatic invertebrates, and refugia for juvenile organisms, such as fish and frogs. Emergent
plants help reduce sediment loading and provide stability to nearshore areas and lower
streambanks. In addition, vascular aquatic plants are important as attachment sites for egg
masses of aquatic species.
Terrestrial plants serve several important habitat-related functions for the listed assessed species.
In addition to providing habitat and cover for invertebrate and vertebrate prey items of the listed
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assessed species, terrestrial vegetation also provides shelter and cover from predators while
foraging. Upland vegetation including grassland and woodlands provides cover during dispersal.
Riparian vegetation helps to maintain the integrity of aquatic systems by providing bank and
thermal stability, serving as a buffer to filter out sediment, nutrients, and contaminants before
they reach the watershed, and serving as an energy source.
Chlorpyrifos is an insecticide and not expected to significantly affect either aquatic or terrestrial
plants. Chlorpyrifos was not very toxic to the freshwater green alga (Pseudokirchneriella
subcapitata, formerly Selenastrum capricornutum), with a 120-hr ECso of 140 ug a.i./L, based on
reduced cell density (MRID40228401, Mayer, 1986). This level is not expected to be exceeded
by the current uses of Chlorpyrifos.
There are no registrant-submitted studies, ECOTOX literature studies available for assessment of
the potential for indirect effects to the terrestrial-phase species of concern for chlorpyrifos via
effects to riparian vegetation or effects to the relevant primary constituent elements (PCEs). The
only potentially relevant data available in the ECOTOX literature are efficacy studies on food
crops and turf. The available plant studies do not show adverse effects to the terrestrial plants
assessed. The labeled uses of chlorpyrifos include direct application to a variety of terrestrial
plants (agricultural and ornamental) at multiple growth stages (e.g., seed treatment, pre-bloom,
bloom, foliar, post-bloom etc.) and there are no label restrictions pertaining to the potential for
chlorpyrifos to elicit phytotoxic effects. Consequently, it is probable that the damage to the
crops is not so extensive to inhibit the use of this pesticide by applicators.
An examination of the completed CRLF assessments for nine other organophosphates indicates
that the majority of the effects determinations for terrestrial plants were either "no effect" or "not
likely to adversely affect". For some of these organophosphates there is the potential for some
damage to plants. Two were determined to be "LAA"; however, one had herbicidal activity
from a known mechanism and the other used surrogate data from another pesticide. The
conclusions in those cases were generally that while effects to terrestrial plants may affect the
CRLF via habitat modification, they are not likely to adversely affect the CRLF based on the
type and extent of damage as observed.
As discussed previously, evidence from the EIIS suggests that chlorpyrifos poses a risk to
terrestrial plants. However, due to the lack of compound-specific terrestrial plant study data, the
potential for adverse effects to terrestrial plants from use of chlorpyrifos cannot be definitely
determined. Therefore, the effects determination is unlikely to effect. However, absent
sufficient data, adverse effects cannot be ruled out.
5.5.4 Modification of Designated Critical Habitat
Based on the lack of toxicity to plants there is little potential for the modification of the
California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander or Delta smelt designated critical habitat
based on this analysis. This finding also applies to the California freshwater shrimp, San
Francisco garter snake, California clapper rail and Salt-marsh harvest mouse. Based on the lack
of toxicity to plants there is little potential for the modification of the California freshwater
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shrimp's designated critical habitat based on this analysis. Any effects are expected to be
insignificant and discountable.
6 Uncertainties
6.1 Exposure Assessment Uncertainties
6.1.1 Oxon Exposure and Risk
The screening-level risk assessment focuses on characterizing potential ecological risks resulting
from chlorpyrifos only. Evidence suggests that chlorpyrifos oxon may form in the environment;
however the Agency has no means to quantitatively predict these exposures at this time. There is
evidence of higher toxicity associated with the oxon at least to some taxa though no data is
available for the specific species being assessed here. However, because the evidence suggests
greater toxicity for the oxon it is possible that where the oxon is present the risk conclusions
presented above may underestimate risk to the listed species covered by this assessment.
6.1.2 Maximum Use Scenario
The screening-level risk assessment focuses on characterizing potential ecological risks resulting
from a maximum use scenario, which is determined from labeled statements of maximum
application rate and number of applications with the shortest time interval between applications.
The frequency at which actual uses approach this maximum use scenario may be dependant on
pest resistance, timing of applications, cultural practices, and market forces.
6.1.3 Aquatic Exposure Modeling of Chlorpyrifos
The standard ecological water body scenario (EXAMS pond) used to calculate potential aquatic
exposure to pesticides is intended to represent conservative estimates, and to avoid
underestimations of the actual exposure. The standard scenario consists of application to a 10-
hectare field bordering a 1-hectare, 2-meter deep (20,000 m3) pond with no outlet. Exposure
estimates generated using the EXAMS pond are intended to represent a wide variety of
vulnerable water bodies that occur at the top of watersheds including prairie pot holes, playa
lakes, wetlands, vernal pools, man-made and natural ponds, and intermittent and lower order
streams. As a group, there are factors that make these water bodies more or less vulnerable than
the EXAMS pond. Static water bodies that have larger ratios of pesticide-treated drainage area
to water body volume would be expected to have higher peak EECs than the EXAMS pond.
These water bodies will be either smaller in size or have larger drainage areas. Smaller water
bodies have limited storage capacity and thus may overflow and carry pesticide in the discharge,
whereas the EXAMS pond has no discharge. As watershed size increases beyond 10-hectares, it
becomes increasingly unlikely that the entire watershed is planted with a single crop that is all
treated simultaneously with the pesticide. Headwater streams can also have peak concentrations
higher than the EXAMS pond, but they likely persist for only short periods of time and are then
carried and dissipated downstream.
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The Agency acknowledges that there are some unique aquatic habitats that are not accurately
captured by this modeling scenario and modeling results may, therefore, under- or over-estimate
exposure, depending on a number of variables. For example, some organisms may inhabit water
bodies of different size and depth and/or are located adjacent to larger or smaller drainage areas
than the EXAMS pond. In addition, the Services agree that the existing EXAMS pond
represents the best currently available approach for estimating aquatic exposure to pesticides
(USFWS/NMFS 2004).
This assessment includes a comparison of modeled EEC and available surface water monitoring
data. This analysis shows a reasonable concurrence between the model predictions and the
available monitoring data. It is worth noting though that most monitoring data are from flowing
waters while the PRZM/EXAMS estimates are derived from a static water body. This is
particularly important for the longer term average concentrations which do not account for flow
out of the system and are likely over-estimates for flowing waters.
Uncertainties regarding dilution and chemical transformations in estuaries
PRZM-EXAMS modeled EECs are intended to represent exposure of aquatic organisms in
relatively small ponds and low-order streams. Therefore it is likely that EECs generated from
the PRZM-EXAMS model will over-estimate potential concentrations in larger receiving water
bodies such as estuaries, embayments, and coastal marine areas because chemicals in runoff
water (or spray drift, etc.) should be diluted by a much larger volume of water than would be
found in the 'typical' EXAMS pond. However, as chemical constituents in water draining from
freshwater streams encounter brackish or other near-marine-associated conditions, there is
potential for important chemical transformations to occur. Many chemical compounds can
undergo changes in mobility, toxicity, or persistence when changes in pH, Eh (redox potential),
salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) content, or temperature are encountered. For example,
desorption and re-mobilization of some chemicals from sediments can occur with changes in
salinity (e.g., Means 1995; Swarzenski et al., 2003; Jordan et al. 2008), changes in pH (e.g.,
Wood and Baptista, 1993; Parikh et al., 2004; Fernandez et al., 2005), Eh changes (Wood and
Baptista, 1993; Velde and Church, 1999), and other factors. Thus, although chemicals in
discharging rivers may be diluted by large volumes of water within receiving estuaries and
embayments, the hydrochemistry of the marine-influenced water may negate some of the
attenuating impact of the greater water volume; for example, the effect of dilution may be
confounded by changes in chemical mobility (and/or bioavailability) in brackish water. In
addition, freshwater contributions from discharging streams and rivers do not instantaneously
mix with more saline water bodies. In these settings, water will commonly remain highly
stratified, with fresh water lying atop denser, heavier saline water - meaning that exposure to
concentrations found in discharging stream water may propagate some distance beyond the
outflow point of the stream (especially near the water surface). Therefore, it is not assumed that
discharging water will be rapidly diluted by the entire water volume within an estuary,
embayment, or other coastal aquatic environment. PRZM-EXAMS model results should be
considered consistent with concentrations that might be found near the head of an estuary unless
there is specific information - such as monitoring data - to indicate otherwise. Conditions nearer
to the mouth of a bay or estuary, however, may be closer to a marine-type system, and thus more
subject to the notable buffering, mixing, and diluting capacities of an open marine environment.
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Conversely, tidal effects (pressure waves) can propagate much further upstream than the actual
estuarine water, so discharging river water may become temporarily partially impounded near
the mouth (discharge point) of a channel, and resistant to mixing until tidal forces are reversed.
The Agency does not currently have sufficient information regarding the hydrology and
hydrochemistry of estuarine aquatic habitats to develop alternate scenarios for assessed listed
species that inhabit these types of ecosystems. The Agency acknowledges that there are unique
brackish and estuarine habitats that may not be accurately captured by PRZM-EXAMS modeling
results, and may, therefore, under- or over-estimate exposure, depending on the aforementioned
variables.
In general, the linked PRZM/EXAMS model produces estimated aquatic concentrations that are
expected to be exceeded once within a ten-year period. The Pesticide Root Zone Model is a
process or "simulation" model that calculates what happens to a pesticide in an agricultural field
on a day-to-day basis. It considers factors such as rainfall and plant transpiration of water, as
well as how and when the pesticide is applied. It has two major components: hydrology and
chemical transport. Water movement is simulated by the use of generalized soil parameters,
including field capacity, wilting point, and saturation water content. The chemical transport
component can simulate pesticide application on the soil or on the plant foliage. Dissolved,
adsorbed, and vapor-phase concentrations in the soil are estimated by simultaneously considering
the processes of pesticide uptake by plants, surface runoff, erosion, decay, volatilization, foliar
wash-off, advection, dispersion, and retardation.
Uncertainties associated with each of these individual components add to the overall uncertainty
of the modeled concentrations. Additionally, model inputs from the environmental fate
degradation studies are chosen to represent the upper confidence bound on the mean values that
are not expected to be exceeded in the environment approximately 90 percent of the time.
Mobility input values are chosen to be representative of conditions in the environment. The
natural variation in soils adds to the uncertainty of modeled values. Factors such as application
date, crop emergence date, and canopy cover can also affect estimated concentrations, adding to
the uncertainty of modeled values. Factors within the ambient environment such as soil
temperatures, sunlight intensity, antecedent soil moisture, and surface water temperatures can
cause actual aquatic concentrations to differ for the modeled values.
Unlike spray drift, tools are currently not available to evaluate the effectiveness of a vegetative
setback on runoff and loadings. The effectiveness of vegetative setbacks is highly dependent on
the condition of the vegetative strip. For example, a well-established, healthy vegetative setback
can be a very effective means of reducing runoff and erosion from agricultural fields.
Alternatively, a setback of poor vegetative quality or a setback that is channelized can be
ineffective at reducing loadings. Until such time as a quantitative method to estimate the effect
of vegetative setbacks on various conditions on pesticide loadings becomes available, the aquatic
exposure predictions are likely to overestimate exposure where healthy vegetative setbacks exist
and underestimate exposure where poorly developed, channelized, or bare setbacks exist.
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6.1.4 Usage Uncertainties
County-level usage data were obtained from California's Department of Pesticide Regulation
Pesticide Use Reporting (CDPR PUR) database. Four years of data (2002 - 2005) were included
in this analysis because statistical methodology for identifying outliers, in terms of area treated
and pounds applied, was provided by CDPR for these years only. No methodology for removing
outliers was provided by CDPR for 2001 and earlier pesticide data; therefore, this information
was not included in the analysis because it may misrepresent actual usage patterns. CDPR PUR
documentation indicates that errors in the data may include the following: a misplaced decimal;
incorrect measures, area treated, or units; and reports of diluted pesticide concentrations. In
addition, it is possible that the data may contain reports for pesticide uses that have been
cancelled. The CPDR PUR data does not include home owner applied pesticides; therefore,
residential uses are not likely to be reported. As with all pesticide usage data, there may be
instances of misuse and misreporting. The Agency made use of the most current, verifiable
information; in cases where there were discrepancies, the most conservative information was
used.
6.1.5 Terrestrial Exposure Modeling of Chlorpyrifos
The Agency relies on the work of Fletcher et al. (1994) for setting the assumed pesticide residues
in wildlife dietary items. These residue assumptions are believed to reflect a realistic upper-
bound residue estimate, although the degree to which this assumption reflects a specific
percentile estimate is difficult to quantify. It is important to note that the field measurement
efforts used to develop the Fletcher estimates of exposure involve highly varied sampling
techniques. It is entirely possible that much of these data reflect residues averaged over entire
above ground plants in the case of grass and forage sampling.
It was assumed that ingestion of food items in the field occurs at rates commensurate with those
in the laboratory. Although the screening assessment process adjusts dry-weight estimates of
food intake to reflect the increased mass in fresh-weight wildlife food intake estimates, it does
not allow for gross energy differences. Direct comparison of a laboratory dietary concentration-
based effects threshold to a fresh-weight pesticide residue estimate would result in an
underestimation of field exposure by food consumption by a factor of 1.25 - 2.5 for most food
items.
Differences in assimilative efficiency between laboratory and wild diets suggest that current
screening assessment methods do not account for a potentially important aspect of food
requirements. Depending upon species and dietary matrix, bird assimilation of wild diet energy
ranges from 23 - 80%, and mammal's assimilation ranges from 41 - 85% (U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 1993). If it is assumed that laboratory chow is formulated to maximize
assimilative efficiency (e.g., a value of 85%), a potential for underestimation of exposure may
exist by assuming that consumption of food in the wild is comparable with consumption during
laboratory testing. In the screening process, exposure may be underestimated because metabolic
rates are not related to food consumption.
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For the terrestrial exposure analysis of this risk assessment, a generic bird or mammal was
assumed to occupy either the treated field or adjacent areas receiving a treatment rate on the
field. Actual habitat requirements of any particular terrestrial species were not considered, and it
was assumed that species occupy, exclusively and permanently, the modeled treatment area.
Spray drift model predictions suggest that this assumption leads to an overestimation of exposure
to species that do not occupy the treated field exclusively and permanently.
6.1.6 Spray Drift Modeling
Although there may be multiple Chlorpyrifos applications at a single site, it is unlikely that the
same organism would be exposed to the maximum amount of spray drift from every application
made. In order for an organism to receive the maximum concentration of Chlorpyrifos from
multiple applications, each application of Chlorpyrifos would have to occur under identical
atmospheric conditions (e.g., same wind speed and - for plants - same wind direction) and (if it
is an animal) the animal being exposed would have to be present directly downwind at the same
distance after each application. Although there may be sites where the dominant wind direction
is fairly consistent (at least during the relatively quiescent conditions that are most favorable for
aerial spray applications), it is nevertheless highly unlikely that plants in any specific area would
receive the maximum amount of spray drift repeatedly. It appears that in most areas (based upon
available meteorological data) wind direction is temporally very changeable, even within the
same day. Additionally, other factors, including variations in topography, cover, and
meteorological conditions over the transport distance are not accounted for by the AgDRIFT
model (i.e., it models spray drift from aerial and ground applications in a flat area with little to
no ground cover and a steady, constant wind speed and direction). Therefore, in most cases, the
drift estimates from AgDRIFT may overestimate exposure even from single applications,
especially as the distance increases from the site of application, since the model does not account
for potential obstructions (e.g., large hills, berms, buildings, trees, etc.).
6.2 Effects Assessment Uncertainties
6.2.1 Age Class and Sensitivity of Effects Thresholds
It is generally recognized that test organism age may have a significant impact on the observed
sensitivity to a toxicant. The acute toxicity data for fish are collected on juvenile fish between
0.1 and 5 grams. Aquatic invertebrate acute testing is performed on recommended immature age
classes (e.g., first instar for daphnids, second instar for amphipods, stoneflies, mayflies, and third
instar for midges).
Testing of juveniles may overestimate toxicity at older age classes for pesticide active
ingredients that act directly without metabolic transformation because younger age classes may
not have the enzymatic systems associated with detoxifying xenobiotics. Conversely, it may, in
some cases, underestimate toxicity as seen in a study by Richards and Kendall (2002) where
chlorpyrifos was less toxic to an earlier developmental stage of tadpole than to a later stage that
had used up the yolksac and was more likely to uptake chlorpyrifos, causing acetylcholinesterase
inhibition. In so far as the available toxicity data may provide ranges of sensitivity information
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with respect to age class, this assessment uses the most sensitive life-stage information as
measures of effect for surrogate aquatic animals, and is therefore, considered as protective.
6.2.2 Use of Surrogate Species Effects Data
Guideline toxicity tests and open literature data on chlorpyrifos are not available for frogs or any
other aquatic-phase amphibian; therefore, freshwater fish are often used as surrogate species for
aquatic-phase amphibians. Although no submitted data are available for chlorpyrifos, the
available open literature information on chlorpyrifos toxicity to aquatic-phase amphibians shows
that acute and chronic ecotoxicity endpoints for aquatic-phase amphibians are generally similar
in sensitivity to freshwater fish. In this open literature query using ECOTOX, only studies with
the most sensitive fish endpoints were reviewed, but all pertinent frog studies were reviewed.
This artifact of procedure made it look like frogs have a higher acute to chronic ratio than fish,
with higher acute and lower chronic endpoints. This is an uncertainty that was not fully
investigated in this study. Endpoints based on freshwater fish ecotoxicity data are often assumed
to be protective of potential direct effects to aquatic-phase amphibians including the California
red-legged frog and California tiger salamander, and extrapolation of the risk conclusions from
the most sensitive tested species to aquatic-phase amphibians is likely to overestimate the
potential risks to those species. In this risk assessment sufficient amphibian data were found to
use frog data for the California red-legged frog and fish data were used for the Delta smelt;
however no salamander data were found to use for the California tiger salamander assessment.
No terrestrial-phase amphibian data was found to use in the terrestrial-phase amphibian
assessments, so bird data was used, which inputs a fair amount of uncertainty due to amphibians'
pokeliothermic and bird's homeothermic physiologies. Efforts are made to select the organisms
most likely to be affected by the type of compound and usage pattern; however, there is an
inherent uncertainty in extrapolating across phyla. In addition, the Agency's LOCs are
intentionally set very low, and conservative estimates are made in the screening level risk
assessment to account for these uncertainties.
6.2.3 Sublethal Effects
When assessing acute risk, the screening risk assessment relies on the acute mortality endpoint as
well as a suite of sublethal responses to the pesticide, as determined by the testing of species
response to chronic exposure conditions and subsequent chronic risk assessment. Consideration
of additional sublethal data in the effects determination t is exercised on a case-by-case basis and
only after careful consideration of the nature of the sublethal effect measured and the extent and
quality of available data to support establishing a plausible relationship between the measure of
effect (sublethal endpoint) and the assessment endpoints. However, the full suite of sublethal
effects from valid open literature studies is considered for the purposes of defining the action
area.
To the extent to which sublethal effects are not considered in this assessment, the potential direct
and indirect effects of chlorpyrifos on listed species may be underestimated. Perhaps the greatest
area of uncertainty at present is the effects of chlorpyrifos on plants. Effects to aquatic and
terrestrial plants have not been researched carefully since chlorpyrifos is an insecticide and not a
suspected plant toxin. Incident data, however, lists chlorpyrifos as a probable plant toxin in
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several cases of plant damage. Another area of uncertainty is chlorpyrifos' potential to act as an
endocrine disrupter. Of the studies reviewed in the open literature (all frog and copepod studies,
and other studies with the most sensitive endpoints) no endocrine disruption studies were found.
These areas of uncertainty should be addressed in future assessments.
6.2.4 Location of Wildlife Species
For the terrestrial exposure analysis of this risk assessment, a generic bird or mammal was
assumed to occupy either the treated field or adjacent areas receiving a treatment rate on the
field. Actual habitat requirements of any particular terrestrial species were not considered, and it
was assumed that species occupy, exclusively and permanently, the modeled treatment area.
Spray drift model predictions suggest that this assumption leads to an overestimation of exposure
to species that do not occupy the treated field exclusively and permanently.
7 Risk Conclusions
In fulfilling its obligations under Section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act, the information
presented in this endangered species risk assessment represents the best data currently available
to assess the potential risks of Chlorpyrifos to the California red-legged frog (Rcma aurora
draytonii), California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense), San Francisco garter snake
(Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia), California clapper rail, (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), Salt
marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris), Bay checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas
editha bayensis), Valley elderberry longhorn beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus), San
Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), California freshwater shrimp (Syncarispacifica), Delta
smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) and their designated critical habitat.
Based on the best available information, the Agency makes a May Affect, Likely to Adversely
Affect determination for the all species covered by this assessment from the use of chlorpyrifos.
Additionally, the Agency has determined that there is the potential for modification of the
designated critical habitat for the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander, San
Francisco garter snake, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, Bay checkerspot
butterfly, Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, San Joaquin kit fox, California freshwater shrimp,
and Delta smelt from the use of the chemical. Given the LAA determination for the listed
species described above and potential modification of designated critical habitat, HM, a
description of the baseline status and cumulative effects for the CRLF is provided in
Attachment 2 and the baseline status and cumulative effects for the California tiger salamander,
San Francisco garter snake, California clapper rail, Salt marsh harvest mouse, Bay checkerspot
butterfly, Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, San Joaquin kit fox, California freshwater shrimp,
and Delta smelt are provided in Attachment 4.
Based on the conclusions of this assessment, a formal consultation with the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act should be initiated to seek
concurrence with the LAA determinations and to determine whether there are reasonable and
prudent alternatives and/or measures to reduce and/or eliminate potential incidental take.
When evaluating the significance of this risk assessment's direct/indirect and adverse habitat
modification effects determinations, it is important to note that pesticide exposures and predicted
168
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risks to the listed species and its resources (i.e., food and habitat) are not expected to be uniform
across the action area. In fact, given the assumptions of drift and downstream transport (i.e.,
attenuation with distance), pesticide exposure and associated risks to the species and its resources
are expected to decrease with increasing distance away from the treated field or site of
application. Evaluation of the implication of this non-uniform distribution of risk to the species
would require information and assessment techniques that are not currently available.
When evaluating the significance of this risk assessment's direct/indirect and adverse habitat
modification effects determinations, it is important to note that pesticide exposures and predicted
risks to the species and its resources (i.e., food and habitat) are not expected to be uniform across
the action area. In fact, given the assumptions of drift and downstream transport (i.e., attenuation
with distance), pesticide exposure and associated risks to the species and its resources are
expected to decrease with increasing distance away from the treated field or site of application.
Evaluation of the implication of this non-uniform distribution of risk to the species would require
information and assessment techniques that are not currently available. Examples of such
information and methodology required for this type of analysis would include the following:
• Enhanced information on the density and distribution of California red-legged and
California tiger salamander, San Francisco garter snake, California clapper rail,
Salt marsh harvest mouse, Bay checkerspot butterfly, Valley elderberry longhorn
beetle, San Joaquin kit fox, California freshwater shrimp, and Delta smelt life
stages within the action area and/or applicable designated critical habitat. This
information would allow for quantitative extrapolation of the present risk
assessment's predictions of individual effects to the proportion of the population
extant within geographical areas where those effects are predicted. Furthermore,
such population information would allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of
the significance of potential resource impairment to individuals of the assessed
species.
• Quantitative information on prey base requirements for the assessed species.
While existing information provides a preliminary picture of the types of food
sources utilized by the assessed species, it does not establish minimal
requirements to sustain healthy individuals at varying life stages. Such
information could be used to establish biologically relevant thresholds of effects
on the prey base, and ultimately establish geographical limits to those effects.
This information could be used together with the density data discussed above to
characterize the likelihood of adverse effects to individuals.
• Information on population responses of prey base organisms to the pesticide.
Currently, methodologies are limited to predicting exposures and likely levels of
direct mortality, growth or reproductive impairment immediately following
exposure to the pesticide. The degree to which repeated exposure events and the
inherent demographic characteristics of the prey population play into the extent to
which prey resources may recover is not predictable. An enhanced understanding
of long-term prey responses to pesticide exposure would allow for a more refined
determination of the magnitude and duration of resource impairment, and together
with the information described above, a more complete prediction of effects to
individual species and potential modification to critical habitat.
169
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179
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CHLORPYRIFOS
APPENDIX A
PRODUCT FORMULATIONS CONTAINING MULTIPLE ACTIVE
INGREDIENTS
The Agency does not routinely include, in its risk assessments, an evaluation of mixtures
of active ingredients, either those mixtures of multiple active ingredients in product
formulations or those in the applicator's tank. In the case of the product formulations of
active ingredients (that is, a registered product containing more than one active
ingredient), each active ingredient is subject to an individual risk assessment for
regulatory decision regarding the active ingredient on a particular use site. If effects data
are available for a formulated product containing more than one active ingredient, they
may be used qualitatively or quantitatively1' 2.
Currently, the Agency's guidance for assessing the potential risk of chemical mixtures is
limited to human health applications (USEPA, 2000). However, the guidance includes
principles for evaluating mixtures to assess potential interactive effects that are generally
applicable. Consistent with EPA's Overview Document (USEPA 2004), the Agency's
mixture guidance (USEPA 2000) discusses limitations in quantifying the risk of specified
mixtures when there is differential degradation, transport and fate of chemical
components following environmental release or application. The LD50 values are
potentially useful only to the extent that a wild mammal would consume plants or
animals immediately after these dietary items were directly sprayed by the product.
Increasing time post application, the differential rates of degradation, transport, etc. for
the active ingredients in the formulation only permit a qualitative discussion of potential
acute risk (USEPA 2004).
As discussed in USEPA (2000) a quantitative component-based evaluation of mixture
toxicity requires data of appropriate quality for each component of a mixture. In this
mixture evaluation, LDSOs with associated 95% confidence intervals are needed for the
formulated product. The same quality of data is also required for each component of the
mixture.
In the case of chloropyrifos, only one product (EPA Reg. No. 8329-36) has a definitive
product LD50 value with an associated confidence interval. Although there are no 95%
confidence intervals for the two active ingredients in this product (chlorpyrifos and
permethrin), an evaluation of the available data show that for EPA Reg. No. 8329-36, the
product toxicity can be attributed solely to the toxicity of chlorpyrifos. When the product
1 Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental
Protection Agency (January 2004) (Overview Document).
2 Memorandum to Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substance, US EPA conveying an evaluation
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service of an approach to assessing
the ecological risks of pesticide products (January 2004).
-------
LD50 (1836 mg/kg) and associated confidence interval (1476-2285 mg/kg) are adjusted
for the percent chlorpyrifos (12%); the adjusted LD50 value for the product is (220
mg/kg) is not lexicologically distinct from the LD50 value for the chlorpyrifos technical
(223 mg/kg).
Because the active ingredients are not expected to have similar mechanisms of action,
metabolites, or toxicokinetic behavior, it is reasonable to conclude that an assumption of
dose-addition would be inappropriate. Consequently, an assessment based on the toxicity
of chlorpyrifos is the only reasonable approach that employs the available data to address
the potential acute risks of the formulated products.
-------
Pesticide Products Formulated with Chlorpyrifos and Other Pesticide Active Ingredients
CHLORPYRIFOS PRODUCTS
3,4
PRODUCT/TRADE NAME
WHITMIRE PT 1920 TOTAL
RELEASE INSECTICIDE
ULV MOSQUITO MASTER 412
ULV MOSQUITO MASTER 2+6
WARRIOR INSECTICIDE CATTLE
EAR TAG
WOODLIFE F-4WT
EPA Reg.No.
000499-00405
008329-00036
008329-00073
039039-00006
060061-00100
%
Chlorpyrifos
8
12
6
10
0.1
PRODUCT
LD50
(mg/kg)
630
1836
No Data
No Data
>5000
CI (mg/kg)
No Data
1476-2285
No Data
No Data
N/A
ADJUSTED FOR
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
LD50
(mg/kg)
50
220
N/A
N/A
N/A
CI (mg/kg)
N/A
177-274
N/A
N/A
N/A
From registrant submitted data to support registration. Compiled by Office of Pesticide Programs Registration and Health Effects Divisions.
4 Chlorpyrifos: Oral LD50= 223 mg/kg
N/A= Not Applicable
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List of Citations on Chlorpyrifos Mixtures - studies rejected by ECOTOX due to
multiple active ingredients in the test substance.
The citations in this appendix were considered for inclusion in ECOTOX but rejected due to
multiple active ingredients. Citations include the ECOTOX Reference number, as well as
chemical codes and rejection codes (MIXTURE denotes multiple active ingredients). The
query was run in October, 1999 and revised March and June, 2000.
Ajeigbe, H. A. and Singh, B. B. (2006). Integrated Pest Management in Cowpea: Effect of Time and
Frequency of Insecticide Application on Productivity. Crop Prot. 25: 920-925.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Arthur, F. H. (2004). Evaluation of a New Insecticide Formulation (F2) as a Protectant of Stored Wheat,
Maize, and Rice. J.StoredProd.Res. 40: 317-330.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Baerg, R. J., Barrett, M., and Polge, N. D. (1996). Insecticide and Insecticide Metabolite Interactions with
Cytochrome P450 Mediated Activities in Maize. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 55: 10-20.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DDA,12T,NSF,TBO,PRT,CPY,MLN,CBF,CBL,PMR,FNF,TBS Rejection Code: IN
VITRO/MIXTURE.
Biediger, D. L., Baumann, P. A., Weaver, D. N., Chandler, J. M., and Merkle, M. G. (1992). Interactions
Between Primisulfuron and Selected Soil-Applied Insecticides in Corn (Zea Mays). Weed
Technol. 6: 807-812.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TBO,CBL,CBF,CPY,DZ,DS,FNF Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Borchert, D. M. and Walgenbach, J. F. (2000). Comparison of Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption and
Conventional Insecticides for Manangement of Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 769-776.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY.MP.DMT.PSM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Britson, C. A. and Threlkeld, S. T. (1998). Abundance, Metamorphosis, Developmental, and Behavioral
Abnormalities in Hyla Chrysoscelis Tadpoles Following Exposure to Three Agrichemicals and
Methyl Mercury in Outdoor Mesocosms. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 61: 154-161.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ,MSMA,CPY,Hg Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Bromilow, R. H., De Carvalho, R. F., Evans, A. A., and Nicholls, P. H. (2006). Behavior of Pesticides in
Sediment/Water Systems in Outdoor Mesocosms. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 41: 1-16.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFC,PMR,MCPP1,PDM,LNR Rejection Code:
FATE/MIXTURE.
Byford, R. L., Lockwood, J. A., Smith, S. M., Harmon, C. W., Johnson, C. C., Luther, D. G., Morris, H. F.,
and Penny, A. J. (1986). Insecticide Residues in Cattle Treated With a Cypermethrin,
Chlorpyrifos, Piperonyl Butoxide-Impregnated Ear Tag. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 37: 692-
697.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,PPB Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Garden, P. W. (1987). Supervised Control of Apple Pest in Southern England. Crop Prot. 6: 234-243.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Chapin, J. W. and Thomas, J. S. Soil Insecticide and Fungicide Treatment Effects on Lesser Cornstalk
-------
Borer Injury, White Mold Incidence, and Peanut Yield, 1993. 1994; 19, 247 (No. 97F).
Notes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y. Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Clements, R. 0., Lewis, G. C., Jackson, C. A., and Bentley, B. R. (1986). The Relative Importance of a
Range of Factors to the Herbage Yield of Newly-Sown Grass. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 7: 118-119.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BMY,Captan,DMT,CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Davis, P. M. and Coleman, S. (1997). Managing Corn Rootworms: (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on Dairy
Farms: the Need for a Soil Insecticide. J.Econ.Entomol. 90: 205-217.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,TFT,TBO,ACR,ATZ,PDM,MTL,DMB,CZE Rejection
Code: MIXTURE.
De Vlaming, V., DiGiorgio, C., Fong, S., Deanovic, L. A., Carpio-Obeso, M. S., Miller, J. L., Miller, M.
J., and Richard, N. J. (2004). Irrigation Runoff Insecticide Pollution of Rivers in the Imperial
Valley, California (Usa). Environmental Pollution [Environ. Pollut.]. Vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 213-
229. Nov 2004. Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Dow Chemical Co. (1992). Initial Submission: Dursban/Dimethoate Ef 772: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in
the Rat With Cover Letter Dated 041092. EPA/OTS Doc.#88-920001921 17 p.
(NTIS/OTS0539375).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Feretti, D., Zerbini, I., Zani, C., Ceretti, E., Moretti, M., and Monarca, S. (2007). Allium cepa Chromosome
Aberration and Micronucleus Tests Applied to Study Genotoxicity of Extracts from Pesticide-
Treated Vegetables and Grapes. Food Addit.Contain. 24: 561-572.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,DCNA,ACP,FRM,CTN,DM,Folpet,VCZ,IPD,BFT,
EP,AZ,FVL,DMT,OMT,CYP,MP,FNT,CBL,CPY,MYC,EPRN,GCYH,CMX,HCZ Rejection
Code: IN VITRO/MIXTURE.
George, T. K., Liber, K., Solomon, K. R., and Sibley, P. K. (1999). Assessment Of The Toxicity And
Interaction Of Pesticide Mixtures Using A Combination Approach Of Probabilistic Risk
Assessment And Toxic Equivalents. Proceedings Of The 26th Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop.,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, October 04-06, 1999.ycanadian Technical Report Of Fisheries And
Aquatic Sciences 0:82-83. Rejection Code: MIXTURE/METHOD
Gomes, J., Dawodu, A. H., Lloyd, 0., Revitt, D. M., and Anilal, S. V. (1999). Hepatic Injury and Disturbed
Amino Acid Metabolism in Mice Following Prolonged Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides.
Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 18: 33-37.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY,PIRM,DDVP,PFF Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Gruber, S. J. and Munn, M. D. (1998). Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides in Agricultural Waters
and Cholinesterase (Che) Inhibition in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio).
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 35: 391-396.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,AZ,DS,CBL,MLN,EP Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Haffner, Karin, Buenemann, G., and Schenker, D. (Effects of insecticides on fruit quality of apples.
Gartenbauwissenschaft (1985) 50: 177-83 CODEN: GTBWAY; ISSN: 0016-478X.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Hogmire, H. W. and Winfield, T. (1997). Igr Evaluation Experiment 1, 1996. ArthropodManag.Tests 22:
6-7 (7A). Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZ,IMC,TUZ Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ito, N., Hagiwara, A., Tamano, S., Hasegawa, R., Imaida, K., Hirose, M., and Shirai, T. (1995). Lack of
Carcinogenicity of Pesticide Mixtures Administered in the Diet at Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
-------
Dose Levels in Rats. Toxicol.Lett. 82/83: 513-520.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ito, Nobuyuki, Imaida, Katsumi, Hirose, Masao, and Shirai, Tomoyuki (Medium-term bioassays for
carcinogenicity of chemical mixtures. Environ. Health Perspect. Suppl. (1998) 106: 1331-1334
CODEN: EHPSEO; ISSN: 1078-0475.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Jackson, R. E., Bradley, Jr JR, Van Duyn, J. W., and Gould, F. (2004). Comparative Production of
Helicoverpa Zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Transgenic Cotton Expressing Either One or Two
Bacillus Thuringiensis Proteins With and Without Insecticide Oversprays. J.Econ.Entomol. 97:
1719-1725.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Johnson, A. W., Csinos, A. S., Golden, A. M., and Glaze, N. C. (1992). Chemigation for Control of Black
Shank-Root-Knot Complex and Weeds in Tobacco. J.Nematol. 24: 648-655.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PDM,IPN,PEB,CPY,MLX,FMP Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Karanth, S., Olivier, K. Jr., Liu, J., and Pope, C. (2001). In Vivo Interaction Between Chlorpyrifos and
Parathion in Adult Rats: Sequence of Administration Can Markedly Influence Toxic Outcome.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. Ill: 247-255.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Kvien, C. K., Culbreath, A. K., Wilcut, J. W., Brown, S. L., and Bell, D. K. (1993). Peanut Production in
Systems Restricting Use of Pesticides Based on Carcinogenicity or Leachability. Peanut Sci. 20:
118-124 . Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
MLN,BMY,Captan,MZB,CTN,MLX,24DB,AND,CPY,MOM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lambert, M. R. K. (Environmental effects of heavy spillage from a destroyed pesticide store near Hargeisa
(Somaliland) assessed during the dry season, using reptiles and amphibians as bioindicators.
Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1997) 32: 80-93
CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341. Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Latuszynska, J., Luty, S., Raszewski, G., Tokarska-Rodak, M., Przebirowska, D., Przylepa, E., and
Haratym-Maj, A. (2001). Neurotoxic Effect of Dermally-Applied Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin
in Wistar Rats. Ann.Agric.Environ.Med. 8: 163-170.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Leoni, V., Cremisini, C., Giovinazzo, R., Puccetti, G., and Vitali, M. (1992). Activated Sludge
Biodegradation Test As A Screening Method To Evaluate Persistence Of Pesticides In Soil.
Fourth International Workshop On Chemical, Biological And Ecotoxicological Behaviour Of
Pesticides In The Soil Environment, Rome, Italy, May 29-31, 1991. Sci Total Environ 123-124:
279-289. Rejection Code: MIXTURE. - Note: not tox. but fate. Only abs avail, in online lib.
Lewis, G. C. and Clements, R. 0. (1985). Effect of Fungicide Seed Treatment and Post-Emergence
Insecticide Sprays on the Establishment of Italian and Perennial Ryegrass. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv.
6: 66-67.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: OMT,BMY,Captan,CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lodovici, M.; Aiolli, S.; Monserrat, C.; Dolara, P.; Medica, A., and Di Simplicio, P. Effect of a mixture of
15 commonly used pesticides on DNA levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and xenobiotic-
metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Toxicol. Oncol. (1994): 13(3), 163-8
CODEN: JEPOEC; ISSN: 0731-8898. Notes: Chemical of Concern: CPY. Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
-------
Lodovici, Maura; Casalini, Chiara; Briani, Carla, and Dolara, Piero. Oxidative liver DNA damage in rats
treated with pesticide mixtures. 117, (1): 55-60 CODEN: TXCYAC; ISSN: 0300-483X.
Notes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y. Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lytle, J. S. and Lytle, T. F. (2002). Uptake and Loss of Chlorpyrifos and Atrazine by Juncus Effusus L. In a
Mesocosm Study With a Mixture of Pesticides. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1817-1825.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ.CYP.MSMA.Hg.CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE
Maul, J. D. andFarris, J. L. (2005). Monitoring Exposure of Northern Cardinals, Cardinalis Cardinalis, to
Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticides: Enzyme Activity, Reactivations, and Indicators of
Environmental Stress. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24 : 1721-1730.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,DCTP,ACP,ADC,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Moawad, G., Khidr, A. A., Zaki, M., Critchley, B. R., McVeigh, L. J., and Campion, D. G. (1991). Large-
Scale Use of Hollow Fibre and Microencapsulated Pink Bollworm Pheromone Formulations
Integrated With Conventional Insecticides for the Control of the Cotton Pest Complex in Egypt.
Trop.PestManag. 37: 10-16.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TDC,CPY,FNV,CYF Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Moore, D., Ridout, M. S., and Clements, R. 0. (1988). Mortality of Oscinella Spp. Due to Parasitism in
Insecticide Treated and Untreated Ryegrass Reseeds. J.Appl.Entomol. 105: 154-159.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: GYP,CPY,DMT Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Moore, M. T., Denton, D. L., Cooper, C. M., Wrysinski, J., Miller, J. L., Reece, K., Crane, D., and Robins,
P. (Mitigation Assessment of Vegetated Drainage Ditches for Collecting Irrigation Runoff in
California. J environ qual. 2008 mar-apr; 37(2):486-93. [Journal of environmental quality]: J
Environ Qual.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Morrison, J. E. Jr., Williams, D. F., Oi, D. H., and Potter, K. N. (1997). Damage to dry Crop Seed by Red
Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 90:218-222.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Captan.CPYM.THM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ncibi, S., Ben Othman, M., Akacha, A., Krifi, M. N., and Zourgui, L. (2008). Opuntia Ficus indica Extract
Protects Against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Damage on Mice Liver. Food Chem.Toxicol. 46: 797-802.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CAS #
UNAVAILABLE/MIXTURE.
Neicheva, A., Karageorgiev, D., and Konstantinova, T. (1992). Gas Chromatographic Determination of
Some Modern Pesticides in Fruits. In: 4th Int. Workshop on Chemical, Biological and
Ecotoxicological Behaviour of Pesticides in the Soil Environment, May 29-31, 1991, Rome, Italy,
Sci.TotalEnviron. 123/124: 29-37.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DM,IPD,PIRM,VCZ,DMT,DZ,PHSL,FNT,CPY,CYH,TFZ,FRM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Pasquini, Rossana; Scassellati-Sforzolini, Giuseppina; Dolara, Piero; Pampanella, Lucia; Villarini, Milena;
Caderni, Giovanna; Fazi, Marilena, and Fatigoni, Cristina. Assay of linuron and a pesticide
mixture commonly found in the Italian diet, for promoting activity in rat liver carcinogenesis. 75,
(3.4); 170-6 CODEN: PHTOEH; ISSN: 0901-9928.
Notes: Chemical of Concern: CPY. Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Peshney, N. L. (1990). Compatibility of Fungicides With Some Insecticides With Reference to
Fungitoxicity andPhytotoxicity. PKV (Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth) Res.J. 14: 35-37.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,PMR,PPHD,MLN,ES,HCCH,TBA,MZB,
ZIRAM,THM,TPM,ACP Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
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Pettigrove, V., Korth, W., Thomas, M., and Bowmer, K. H. (1996). The Impact of Pesticides Used in Rice
Agriculture on Larval Chironomid Morphology. CSIRO (Commonwealth Sci.Ind.Res.Org.)
Inf.Serv.Branch, Victoria, Australia 81-88.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,MLT Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Saleh, M. S. (1988). Use of Plastic Formulations of Chlorpyrifos and Sumithion as Mosquito Larvicides
and Their Delayed Effects on the Basal Follicle Numbers Developed by Female Survivors.
Anz.Schaedlingskd.Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz6l: 14-17.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Schreck, E., Geret, F., Gontier, L., and Treilhou, M. (2008). Neurotoxic Effect and Metabolic Responses
Induced by a Mixture of Six Pesticides on the Earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa nocturna.
Chemosphere 11: 1832-1839. Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
FSTAL,CYH,CPY,MLX,Folpet,MYC Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Schulz, R. (2003). Using a Freshwater Amphipod in Situ Bioassay as a Sensitive Tool to Detect Pesticide
Effects in the Field. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 22: 1172-1176.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,ES,CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Schulz, R. and Liess, M. (1997). Runoff-Related Short-Term Pesticide Input Into Agricultural Streams:
Measurement by Use of an in Situ Bioassay With Aquatic Macroinvertebrates. Verh.Ges.Oekol.
27: 399-404 . Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNV Rejection Code: MIXTURE .
Serrano, R., Lopez, F. J., Hernandez, F., and Pena, J. B. (1997). Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos,
Chlorfenvinphos, and Methidathion in Mytilus Galloprovincialis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.
59: 968-975 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,MDT Rejection Code: MIXTURE .
Sibley, P. K., Chappel, M. J., George, T. K., Solomon, K. R., and Liber, K. (2000). Integrating Effects of
Stressors Across Levels of Biological Organization: Examples Using Organophosphorus
Insecticide Mixtures in Field-Level Exposures. J.Aquat.Ecosyst.Stress Recovery 7: 117-130.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,CP Y,DZ Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Simwat, G. S. and Dhawan, A. K. (1993). Phytotoxic Effect Of Spraying Mixtures Of Systemic And
Contact Insecticides On Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum). Indian JAgric Sci 63: 390-392.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Smith, Milton R., Thomas, Nancy J., and Hulse, Craig ( Application of brain cholinesterase reactivation to
differentiate between organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure in wild birds. J. Wildl.
Dis. (1995) 31: 263-7 CODEN: JWIDAW; ISSN: 0090-3558.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE
Somasundaram, L., Racke, K. D., and Coats, J. R. (Effect of manuring on the persistence and degradation
of soil insecticides. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. (1987) 39: 579-86 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN:
0007-4861. Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Spaull, A. M., Clements, R. 0., Ridout, M. S., and Mewton, P. G. (1986). Ryegrass Establishment and
Yield in Relation to Pesticide Treatment, Irrigation and Fertilizer Level. Ann.Appl.Biol. 109: 353-
363.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PCZ,CPY,MCB,OML Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Staton, J. L., Schizas, N. V., Klosterhaus, S. L., Griffitt, R. J., Chandler, G. T., and Coull, B. C. (2002).
Effect of Salinity Variation and Pesticide Exposure on an Estuarine Harpacticoid Copepod,
Microarthridion Littorale (Poppe), in the Southeastern Us. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol. 278: 101-110.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,DDT Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
-------
Stevens, P. J. G., Walker, J. T. S., Shaw, P. W., and Suckling, D. M. (1994). Organosilicone Surfactants:
Tools for Horticultural Crop Protection. In: Brighton Crop Prot.Conf.- Pests and Disease, Conf.,
Nov.21-24, 1994, Brighton, England 1-3: 755-760.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TDF,Captan,CP Y,AZ,DOD,CBL,FUZ Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Suckling, D. M. and Shaw, P. W. (1992). Conditions That Favor Mating Disruption of Epiphyas
Postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Environ.Entomol. 21: 949-956.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Tarrant, K. A., Field, S. A., Langton, S. D., and Hart, A. D. M. (1997). Effects on Earthworm Populations
of Reducing Pesticide Use in Arable Crop Rotations. Soil Biol.Biochem. 29: 657-661.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PIM,OMT,CPY,ADC,FUZ,CBD Rejection Code:
MIXTURE/NO CONC.
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MIXTURE.
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MIXTURE
-------
Appendix B: Directions EPA used to calculate downstream dilution and spray drift.
Downstream Dilution
Spraydrift
Use Endangered Species LOG
Use Endangered Species LOG
Calculate the highest RQ/LOC ratio based
on aquatic species endpoints (acute or
chronic)- based on use with the maximum
application rate and the maximum number
of applications. Acute LOG for
endangered animal species is 0.05; chronic
is 1. Acute LOG for aquatic plants is 1.
Calculate the highest RQ/LOC ratio based
on aquatic species AND terrestrial
endpoints (acute or chronic) - based on use
with the maximum application rate and
ONE application. For terrestrial
endangered species: acute LOG for birds is
0.1; for mammals is 0.1; for invertebrates is
0.05. Chronic LOC for all terrestrial
animals is 1 and acute terrestrial plant LOC
isl.
Determine RQ/LOC ratio and identify the
land use type that is associated with that
use (conservative approach - apply that
distance to all land use types have LOC
exceedances) and apply to maps.
Use Agdrift (input one application) to
determine maximum distance from initial
area of concern to the point where LOC are
no longer exceeded for that endpoint
(conservative approach - apply that
distance to all land use types that have
LOC exceedances)
Final product - longest distance
downstream from edge of initial area of
concern where LOCs are no longer
exceeded
Final product - longest spray drift distance
from edge of initial area of concern where
LOCs are no longer exceeded
Note: The guidance for spraydrift primarily applies to far field off-site transport in which
it is reasonable to assume that a species would receive only one application exposure. It is
recognized that close to the field a species could receive exposure from multiple
applications. More information will follow regarding near field exposure.
-------
EXAMPLE. Terrestrial Buffer and Downstream Dilution Analysis
Taxa
Fish
Aquatic plant-
nonvascular
(use EC25 not
NOAEC)
Aquatic plant
vascular
Aquatic
invertebrates
Birds -
dietary based
(no dose
based risk)
Terrestrial
Invertebrates
Mammals
Terr Plants
Use
Ornamentals
Ornamentals
EEC
Acute
45.1 |ig/L
Chronic
20|ig/L
45.1 |ig/L
Highest
RQ
75.2
201
0.3
ES LOC/
Chronic
LOC
0.05
1.0
1.0
Ratio RQ/
LOC
1504
201
NA
No LOG exceedances
Ornamentals
Avocado
Avocado
Avocado
Avocado
Acute
45.1 |ig/L
Chronic
25|ig/L
Acute/
Chronic -1076
ppm
(small insect)
1076 ppm
(small insect)
Acute/Chronic
1823 mg/kg
bw
0.05 Ib a.i./A
752
503
0.32
12.7
9.2
0.31
207
1.3
0.05
1.0
0.1
1.0
0.05
0.1
1.0
1.0
15040 -use
this for
downstream
dilution
503
3.2
12.7
184
3.1
207 - use
this for
spray drift
1.3
-------
Subset of Agdrift Directions - Calculate the "fraction of applied"
2) Calculate the distance from the field of application needed to be below an acute LOG:
- Under 'Calculations', enter "Initial Average Deposition" (Ib/ac). To calculate the
'Initial Average Deposition', use the following:
- (Fraction of applied) x (Application rate)
- The 'fraction of applied' =
First, calculate RQs based on one application. Determine the highest RQ/LOC
ratio for both aquatic and terrestrial species evaluating both the acute and chronic
endpoints.
For Agdrift, calculate LOC/RQ
Example:
for carbofuran use on corn (ground application), the acute LOG for listed
mammals is 0.1; the dose-based acute RQ calculated from T-REX,
broadleaf food category, is 8.19 (for the corn application rate); therefore
the 'fraction of applied' = 0.1/8.19 = 0.012
The 'Initial Average Deposition' is:
(Fraction of applied) x (Application rate for corn in Ib a.i./acre) =
0.012 x 1 = 0.012 Ib a.i./ac
- Once the 'Initial Average Deposition' is entered click the "calc" box and the "Distance
to... Area Average From Edge of Application Area" will be shown in ft. This is how far
off the field needed to be below the LOG.
-------
Appendix C: KABAM Results - September 3, 2009. The program was run in
default mode with Log Kow = 4.7; Koc = 6070 L/mg-OC; and surface water and
pore water EECs of 5.36 and 3.31 ppb, respectively.
Table 1. Chemical characteristics of Chlorpyrifos.
Characteristic
Value
Comments/Guidance
Pesticide Name
Chlorpyrifos
Required input
Log K
ow
4.7
Required input
Enter value from acceptable or supplemental study submitted
by registrant or available in scientific literature.
K,
ow
50119
No input necessary. This value is calculated automatically
from the Log K0w value entered above.
KOC
OC)
(L/kg
6070
Required input
Input value used in PRZM/EXAMS to derive EECs. Follow
input parameter guidance for deriving this parameter value
(USEPA 2002).
Time to steady
state (Ts; days)
16
No input necessary. This value is calculated automatically
from the Log K0w value entered above.
Pore water EEC
(M9/L)
3.31
Required input
Enter value generated by PRZM/EXAMS benthic file.
PRZM/EXAMS EEC represents the freely dissolved
concentration of the pesticide in the pore water of the
sediment. The appropriate averaging period of the EEC is
dependent on the specific pesticide being modeled and is
based on the time it takes for the chemical to reach steady
state. Select the EEC generated by PRZM/EXAMS which has
an averaging period closest to the time to steady state
calculated above. In cases where the time to steady state
exceeds 365 days, the user should select the EEC
representing the average of yearly averages. The peak EEC
should not be used.
Water Column
EEC (ug/L)
5.36
Required input
Enter value generated by PRZM/EXAMS water column file.
PRZM/EXAMS EEC represents the freely dissolved
concentration of the pesticide in the water column. The
appropriate averaging period of the EEC is dependent on the
specific pesticide being modeled and is based on the time it
takes for the chemical to reach steady state. The averaging
period used for the water column EEC should be the same as
the one selected for the pore water EEC (discussed above).
-------
Table 2. Input parameters for rate constants, "calculated" indicates that model will calculate
rate constant.
Trophic level
phytoplankton
zooplankton
benthic
invertebrates
filter feeders
small fish
medium fish
large fish
ki
(L/kg*d)
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
*2i
(d-1)
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
kD
(kg-food/kg-
org/d)
0*
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
kEi
(d-1)
0*
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
k<
(d-1)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
* Default value is 0.
k., and k2 represent the uptake and elimination constants respectively, through respiration.
kD and kE represent the uptake and elimination constants, respectively, through diet.
kM represents the metabolism rate constant.
Table 3. Mammalian and avian toxicity data for Chlorpyrifos. These are required inputs.
Animal
Avian
Mammalian
Measure of
effect (units)
LD50 (mg/kg-bw)
LC50 (mg/kg-
diet)
NOAEC (mg/kg-
diet)
Mineau Scaling
Factor
LD50 (mg/kg-bw)
LC50 (mg/kg-
diet)
Chronic
Endpoint
units of chronic
endpoint*
Value
112
423
136
1.15
118
N/A
20
ppm
Species
mallard duck
Northern bobwhite quail
mallard duck
Default value for all species is
1 . 1 5 (for chemical specific
values, see Mineau et al.
1996).
laboratory rat
other
laboratory rat
If selected
species is
"other,"
enter body
weight (in
kg) here.
-------
Table 4. Abiotic characteristics of the model aquatic ecosystem.
Characteristic
Concentration of Particulate
Organic Carbon
(XPOC; kg OC/ L)
Concentration of Dissolved
Organic Carbon
(XDOC; kg OC/L)
Concentration of Dissolved
Oxygen (Cox; mg O2/L)
Water Temperature (T; °C)
Concentration of Suspended
Solids (Css; kg/L)
Sediment Organic Carbon
(OC; %)
Value
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
5.0
15
3.00E-05
4.0%
Guidance*
When using EECs generated by
PRZM/EXAMS, use a value of "0" for both
POC and DOC.
Default value is 5.0 mg O2/L when using
EECs generated by PRZM/EXAMS.
Value is defined by the average water
temperature of the EXAMS pond when
using EECs generated by PRZM/EXAMS.
Model user should consult output file of
EXAMS to define this value.
Default value is 3. 00x1 0"5 kg/L when using
EECs generated by PRZM/EXAMS.
Default value is 4.0% when using EECs
generated by PRZM/EXAMS.
*When using pesticide concentrations from monitoring data or mesocosm studies, consult Appendix B of the
User's Guide for specific guidance on selecting values for these parameters.
Table 5. Characteristics of aquatic biota of the model ecosystem.
Trophic Level
sediment*
phytoplankton
zooplankton
benthic invertebrates
filter feeders
small fish
medium fish
large fish
Wet Weight (kg)
N/A
N/A
1.0E-07
1 .OE-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-02
1.0E-01
1.0E+00
% lipids
0.0%
2.0%
3.0%
3.0%
2.0%
4.0%
4.0%
4.0%
% NLOM
4.0%
8.0%
12.0%
21 .0%
13.0%
23.0%
23.0%
23.0%
% Water
96.0%
90.0%
85.0%
76.0%
85.0%
73.0%
73.0%
73.0%
Do organisms in
>pire some pore water?
N/A
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
* N/A = not applicable Note that sediment is not a trophic level. It is included in this table because it is
consumed by aquatic organisms of the KABAM foodweb.
-------
Table 6. Diets of aquatic biota of the model ecosystem.
Benthic
Invertebrates
Trophic level in diet
Zoo plankton
Filter Feeder
Medium Fish
phytoplankton
benthic invertebrates
fi ter feeders
Note that sediment is not a trophic level. It is included in this table because it is consumed by aquatic organisms of the KABAM foodweb.
-------
Table 7. Identification of mammals and birds feeding on aquatic
biota of the model ecosystem.
Mammal/Bird #
Mammal 1
Mammal 2
Mammal 3
Mammal 4
Mammal 5
Mammal 6
Bird 1
Bird 2
BirdS
Bird 4
BirdS
Bird 6
Name
fog/water shrew
rice rat/star-nosed mole
small mink
large mink
small river otter
large river otter
sandpipers
cranes
rails
herons
small osprey
white pelican
Body weight (kg)
0.018
0.085
0.45
1.8
5
15
0.02
6.7
0.07
2.9
1.25
7.5
Table 8. Diets of mammals feeding on aquatic biota of the model ecosystem.
Trophic level in
diet
phytoplankton
zooplankton
benthic
invertebrates
filter feeders
small fish
medium fish
large fish
Total
Diet for:
fog/water
shrew
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
rice
rat/star-
nosed mole
0.0%
0.0%
34.0%
33.0%
33.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
small
mink
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
large
mink
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
small
river otter
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
large river
otter
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Table 9. Diets of birds feeding on aquatic biota of the model ecosystem.
Trophic level in
diet
phytoplankton
zooplankton
benthic
invertebrates
filter feeders
small fish
medium fish
large fish
Total
Diet for:
sandpipers
0.0%
0.0%
33.0%
33.0%
34.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
cranes
0.0%
0.0%
33.0%
33.0%
0.0%
34.0%
0.0%
100.0%
rails
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
0.0%
50.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
herons
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
0.0%
100.0%
small
osprey
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
white
pelican
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
-------
Table 10. Input parameters and calculations relevant to derivation of CB.
Parameter
Phyto
plankton
Zoo
plankton
Benthic
Invertebrates
Filter
Feeders
Small Fish
Medium
Fish
Large Fish
Equation A1
CB
CBD
CBR
Cs
CWDP
CWTO
ki
k2
kD
kE
ke
kivi
m0
mp
I (Pi * CDi)
0
0.012393
0.000000
0.01239312
0.00931644
0.00014996
0.00916649
0.010153
0.000389
0.00976385
0.006672
0.000251
0.00642116
0.014033
0.001625
0.01240764
0.015337
0.003145
0.01219249
0.01828
0.006164
0.01212096
0.000804
0.00000331
0.00000536
5891.383
2.448012
0.000000
0.000000
0.100000
0
1
0
0
42585.416
24.832445
0.301304
0.056334
0.012559
0
1
0
0.012393117
3795.429
2.026721
0.106907
0.013834
0.003155
0
0.95
0.05
0.007437402
1695.356
1 .376922
0.046773
0.009205
0.001991
0
0.95
0.05
0.0074374
757.288
0.314366
0.053580
0.005264
0.001256
0
0.95
0.05
0.00973467
338.268
0.140422
0.037932
0.004649
0.000792
0
0.95
0.05
0.012093
151.099
0.062724
0.026854
0.003593
0.000500
0
1
0
0.01533728
1.00000000
Equation A2
XPOC
XDOC
KOW
0
0.0000000
0.0000000
50119
1.00000000
Equation A4
Cs
Csoc
CWDP
KOC
OC
0.0008
0.0201
0.00000
6070
4%
Equation AS
Cox
EW
Gv
ki
KOW
WB
N/A
N/A
N/A
5891.383138
5
0.539638424
0.007891472
42585.41622
0.703328201
3795.429216
3.14165167
1695.35596
14.0332425
757.287688
62.6841919
338.267985
280
151.098759
50119
N/A
0.0000001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Equation A6
ki
5891.383138
42585.41622
3795.429216
1695.35596
757.287688
338.267985
151.098759
-------
k2
KBW
KOW
VLB
VNB
VWB
P
2.448012245
2406.598721
24.83244474
1714.910339
2.026721169
1872.694318
1 .37692245
1231.26466
0.31436622
2408.93466
0.14042223
2408.93466
0.06272431
2408.93466
50119
0.02
0.08
0.9
0.35
0.03
0.12
0.85
0.03
0.21
0.76
0.02
0.13
0.85
0.04
0.23
0.73
0.04
0.23
0.73
0.04
0.23
0.73
0.035
Equation A7
ke
T
WB
0.1
0.012559432
0.003154787
0.00199054
0.00125594
0.00079245
0.0005
15
N/A
0.0000001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Equation A8
Cox
Css
ED
GD
Gv
kD
KOW
T
WB
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5
3.00E-05
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.496269144
6.07E-08
N/A
3.01 E-01
2.15E-05
N/A
1.07E-01
9.42E-05
3.14
4.68E-02
1.08E-03
N/A
5.36E-02
7.64E-03
N/A
3.79E-02
5.41 E-02
N/A
2.69E-02
50119
N/A
N/A
15
0.0000001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Equation A9
Cox
Css
ED
GD
GF
Gv
kE
KGB
KOW
T
VLB
VLD
VLG
VNB
VND
VNG
VWB
VWD
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5
3.00E-05
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.4963
0.0000
0.000000
N/A
0.0563
0.2660
0.0000
0.000015
N/A
0.0138
0.1843
0.0000942
0.000066
3.1417
0.0092
0.2804
0.0011
0.000726
N/A
0.0053
0.1462
0.0076
0.004965
N/A
0.0046
0.1887
0.0541
0.034777
N/A
0.0036
0.2082
50119
15
0.03
0.02
0.007966
0.12
0.08
0.03186
0.85
0.9
0.03
0.01650
0.005876
0.21
0.0796
0.02835
0.76
0.9039
0.02
0.0165
0.005876
0.13
0.0796
0.02835
0.85
0.9039
0.04
0.03
0.003571
0.23
0.165
0.09819
0.73
0.805
0.04
0.035
0.004311
0.23
0.22
0.13548
0.73
0.745
0.04
0.04
0.004979
0.23
0.23
0.14315
0.73
0.73
-------
VWG
WB
P
£L
£N
£w
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.9602
0.0000001
0.035
0.72
0.72
0.25
0.9658
0.0001
0.035
0.75
0.75
0.25
0.9658
0.001
0.035
0.75
0.75
0.25
0.8982
0.01
0.035
0.92
0.6
0.25
0.8602
0.1
0.035
0.92
0.6
0.25
0.8519
1
0.035
0.92
0.6
0.25
Calculation of BCF values
CBCF
0.012899369
0.009191919
0.00984569
0.00647337
0.01266497
0.01266497
0.01291189
Table 11. Estimated concentrations of Chlorpyrifos in ecosystem components.
Ecosystem Component
Water (total)*
Water (freely dissolved)*
Sediment (pore water)*
Sediment (in solid)**
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Benthic Invertebrates
Filter Feeders
Small Fish
Medium Fish
Large Fish
Total
concentration
(ug/kg-ww)
5
5
3
804
12,393
9,316
10,153
6,672
14,033
15,337
18,285
Lipid
normalized
concentration
(ug/kg-lipid)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
619656
310548
338430
333588
350827
383432
457125
Contribution
due to diet
(ug/kg-ww)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
149.96
389.05
250.61
1,625.46
3,144.79
6,164.03
Contribution
due to
respiration
(ug/kg-ww)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
12,393.12
9,166.49
9,763.85
6,421.16
12,407.64
12,192.49
12,120.96
* Units: |jg/L; **Units: |jg/kg-dw
Table 12. Total BCFand BAF values of Chlorpyrifos in aquatic
trophic levels.
Trophic Level
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Benthic Invertebrates
Filter Feeders
Small Fish
Medium Fish
Large Fish
Total BCF
(ng/kg-
ww)/(ug/i_)
2407
1715
1837
1208
2363
2363
2409
Total BAF
(ng/kg-
ww)/(ug/i_)
2312
1738
1894
1245
2618
2861
3411
-------
Table 13. Lipid-normalized BCF, BAF, BMP and BSAF values of Chlorpyrifos in aquatic
trophic levels.
Trophic Level
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Benthic Invertebrates
Filter Feeders
Small Fish
Medium Fish
Large Fish
BCF
(ng/kg-
lipid)/(ug/l_)
120330
57164
61229
60386
59072
59072
60223
BAF
(ng/kg-
lipid)/(ug/l_)
115607
57938
63140
62237
65453
71536
85284
BMP
(ng/kg-
lipid)/(ug/kg-
lipid)
N/A
0.50
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.11
1.19
BSAF
(ng/kg-
lipid)/(ug/kg-
OC)
31
15
17
17
17
19
23
Table 14. Calculation of EECs for mammals and birds consuming fish contaminated by Chlorpyrifos.
Wildlife Species
Biological Parameters
Body
Weight
(kg)
Dry Food
Ingestion
Rate (kg -dry
food/kg-
bw/day)
Wet Food
Ingestion
Rate (kg -wet
food/kg-
bw/day)
Drinking
Water
Intake
(L/d)
EECs (pesticide intake)
Dose Based
(mg/kg-
bw/d)
Dietary
Based
(ppm)
Mammalian
fog/water shrew
rice rat/star-nosed
mole
small mink
large mink
small river otter
large river otter
0.02
0.1
0.5
1.8
5.0
15.0
0.140
0.107
0.079
0.062
0.052
0.042
0.585
0.484
0.293
0.229
0.191
0.157
0.003
0.011
0.048
0.168
0.421
1.133
5.942
4.977
4.499
3.515
2.931
2.873
10.15
10.28
15.34
15.34
15.34
18.28
Avian
sandpipers
cranes
rails
herons
small osprey
white pelican
0.0
6.7
0.1
2.9
1.3
7.5
0.228
0.030
0.147
0.040
0.054
0.029
1.034
0.136
0.577
0.157
0.199
0.107
0.004
0.211
0.010
0.120
0.069
0.228
10.6739
1 .4634
6.9827
2.0063
3.0586
1.9512
10.32
10.77
12.09
12.75
15.34
18.28
-------
Table 15. Calculation of toxicity values for mammals and birds consuming
fish contaminated by Chlorpyrifos.
Wildlife Species
Toxicity Values
Acute
Dose
Based
(mg/kg-
bw)
Dietary
Based
(mg/kg-diet)
Chronic
Dose Based
(mg/kg-bw)
Dietary
Based
(mg/kg-diet)
Mammalian
fog/water shrew
rice rat/star-nosed
mole
small mink
large mink
small river otter
large river otter
247.79
168.09
110.81
78.36
60.70
46.12
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.10
1.42
0.94
0.66
0.51
0.39
20
20
20
20
20
20
Avian
sandpipers
cranes
rails
herons
small osprey
white pelican
58.15
139.10
70.18
122.68
108.13
141.47
423.00
423.00
423.00
423.00
423.00
423.00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
136
136
136
136
136
136
-------
Table 16. Calculation of RQ values for mammals and birds consuming fish
contaminated by Chlorpyrifos.
Wildlife Species
Acute
Dose
Based
Dietary
Based
Chronic
Dose Based
Dietary
Based
Mammalian
fog/water shrew
rice rat/star-nosed
mole
small mink
large mink
small river otter
large river otter
0.024
0.030
0.041
0.045
0.048
0.062
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.830
3.494
4.791
5.294
5.698
7.352
0.508
0.514
0.767
0.767
0.767
0.914
Avian
sandpipers
cranes
rails
herons
small osprey
white pelican
0.184
0.011
0.100
0.016
0.028
0.014
0.024
0.025
0.029
0.030
0.036
0.043
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.076
0.079
0.089
0.094
0.113
0.134
-------
Appendix D. T-REX Example Output
Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation
Chemical Name:
Use
Formulation
Application Rate
Half-life
Application Interval
Maximum # Apps./Year
Length of Simulation
Chlorpyrifos
Cole Crop
Chemisco Fungicide Concentrate (EC)
3
18
10
3
1
Ibs a
i./acre
days
days
year
End point
Avian
Mammals
Dietary-based EECs (ppm)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Common Crackle
Mallard duck)
Mallard duck
Bobwhite quail
LD50 (mg/kg-bw)
LD50 (mg/kg-bw)
LC50 (mg/kg-diet)
NOAEL(mg/kg-bw)
NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)
LC50 (mg/kg-diet)
NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)
NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)
Kenaga
Values
1543.20
707.30
868.05
96.45
5.62
136.00
0.00
25.00
118.00
1330.00
1.00
20.00
Avian Results
Avian
Class
Small
Mid
Large
Granivores
Avian
Body
Weight (g)
20.00
Body
Weight (g)
20.00
100.00
1000.00
20.00
100.00
1000.00
Adjusted
LD50
(mg/kg-bw)
4.37
Ingestion
(Fdry)
(g bw/day)
4.56
12.99
58.15
4.56
12.99
58.15
Ingestion
(Fwet)
(g/day)
22.78
64.94
290.77
5.06
14.43
64.61
% body
wgt
consumed
113.89
64.94
29.08
25.31
14.43
6.46
Fl
(kg-
d let/day)
0.02
0.06
0.29
0.01
0.01
0.06
-------
Dose-based EECs
(mg/kg-bw)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broad leaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
100.00
1000.00
5.62
8.07
Avian Classes and Body Weights (grams)
small
20.00
1757.55
805.54
988.62
109.85
mid
100.00
1002.23
459.36
563.75
62.64
large
1000.00
448.71
205.66
252.40
28.04
Granivores(grams)
20.00
24.41
100.00
13.92
1000.00
6.23
Dose-based RQs (Dose-based EEC/adjusted LD50)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Seeds (granivore)
Dietary-based RQs (Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or NOAEC)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Avian Acute RQs
402.63
184.54
226.48
25.16
5.59
178.33
81.74
100.31
11.15
2.48
RQs
Acute
11.35
5.20
6.38
0.71
Chronic
61.73
28.29
34.72
3.86
Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,
it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based
RQs be calculated when data are available
55.62
25.49
31.29
3.48
0.77
Mammalian Results
Mammalian
Class
Herbivores/
insectivores
Grainvores
Mammalian
Class
Herbivores/
insectivores
Grainvores
Body
Weight
15
35
1000
15
35
1000
Body
Weight
15
35
1000
15
35
Ingestion
(Fdry)
(g bwt/day)
2.86
4.61
30.56
2.86
4.61
30.56
Adjusted
LD50
259.34
209.84
90.76
259.34
209.84
Ingestion
Fwet)
(g/day)
14.3
23.06
152.78
3.18
5.13
33.95
Adjusted
NOAEL
2.2
1.78
0.77
2.2
1.78
% body wgt
consumed
95.34
65.89
15.28
21.19
14.64
3.4
Fl
(kg-
d let/day)
0.01
0.02
0.15
0
0.01
0.03
-------
Dose-Based EECs
(mg/kg-bw)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm Insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
Dose-based RQs (Dose-
based EEC/LD50 or NOAEL)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm insects
Fruits/pods/lg insects
Seeds (granivore)
Dietary-based RQs (Dietary-
based EEC/LC50 or NOAEC)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Broadleaf plants/sm insects
Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects
1000
90.76
0.77
Mammalian Classes and Body weight
Herbivores/ insectivores (grams)
15
1471.32
674.36
827.62
91.96
35
1016.88
466.07
572
63.56
Small mammal
15
Acute
5.67
2.6
3.19
0.35
0.08
grams
Chronic
669.44
306.83
376.56
41.84
9.3
Mammal RQs
Acute
1.16
0.53
0.65
0.07
Chronic
77.16
35.36
43.4
4.82
1000
235.77
108.06
132.62
14.74
Granivores(grams)
15
20.44
Medium mammal
35
Acute
4.85
2.22
2.73
0.3
0.07
grams
Chronic
571.83
262.09
321.66
35.74
7.94
Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,
it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based
RQs be calculated when data are available
35
14.12
1000
3.27
Large mammal
1000
Acute
2.6
1.19
1.46
0.16
0.04
grams
Chronic
306.5
140.5
172.4
19.16
4.26
-------
Appendix E. Chlorpyrifos Aquatic Toxicity Data Reviewed
Assessment
Endpoint
Freshwater fish
(can be used as
a surrogate for
aquatic-phase
amphibians)
Acute/
Chronic
Acute
Chronic
Acute
Species
Bluegill
Sunfish,
Lepomis
macrocims
Guppy,
Poecilla
reticulate
Fathead
minnow,
Pimephales
promelas
Fathead
minnow, P.
promelas
Guppy, P.
reticulate
African
clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
Yellow-legged
Toxicity
^alue Used in
Risk
Assessment
(ug a.i./L)
96-h LC50 =
1.8
96-h LC50 =
2.9
96-hr LC50 =
203
Life-Cycle
NOAEC =
0.57
14-dLOAEC
= 0.2
No NOAEC
(NOAEC =
<0.2)
96-hLC50 =
0.6
24-hLC50 =
MRID/ ECOTOX
Ref.
40098001 Mayer
&Ellersick, 1986
E72831 DeSilva
&
Samayawardhena,
2002
00155781
Holcombe, Phipps
& Tanner 1982
42834401
Mayese/a/., 1993
E72831 DeSilva
&
Samayawardhena,
2002
E86343 Richards,
2000
E92498 Sparling
& Fellers 2007
Comment
Acceptable; a static
test conducted using
TGAI1
Supplemental; the
study was conducted
using Lorsban; the
study was non-
guideline but
scientifically sound
Acceptable.
Supplemental;
acetone controls
significantly affected
number of spawns &
number of eggs
(flow-thru life cycle
test). LOAEC =
0. 00109 mg a.i./L.
Supplemental; the
study was conducted
using Lorsban; the
study was non-
guideline but
scientifically sound.
Mortality, paralysis
and histological
abnormalities (no
NOAEC)
Supplemental; not
native species; not
from peer-reviewed
literature, so not
useable for RQ.
Supplemental;
concentrations not
confirmed and study
-------
Appendix E. Chlorpyrifos Aquatic Toxicity Data Reviewed
Assessment
Endpoint
Aquatic -Phase
Amphibians
Freshwater
Invertebrates
Acute/
Chronic
Chronic
Acute
Species
frog, Rana
boylii
X. laevis
Blackfly,
Simulium
vittatum
IS-7
Daphnid,
Ceriodaphnia
dubia
Midge,
Chironomus
tentans
Daphnid,
Daphnia
magna
C. dubia
Freshwater
shrimp,
Paratya
Toxicity
^alue Used in
Risk
Assessment
(ug a.i./L)
3.0
LOAEC = 0.
1
No NOAEC
(NOAEC =
<0 1)
W. L J
24-h LC50 =
0.06
96-hLC50 =
0.07
96-h
sediment:
NOAEC = 32
ug/Kg
NOAEC =
180 ug/Kg
96-h LC50 =
0.08
96-hr LC50 =
0.08
MRID/ ECOTOX
Ref.
E7 1867 Richards
& Kendall, 2003
E80409 Hyder et
al, 2005
E108483 Pablo et
al., 2008
E13342Hooftman
etal., 1993
E67777 Foster et
al, 1998
E1846801imae/
al., 1997
Comment
was non-guideline (no
guidelines currently
exist for an
amphibian acute
toxicity test) but
scientifically sound
Supplemental; no
NOAEC, not native
species and study was
non-guideline (no
guidelines currently
exist for an
amphibian chronic
test) but scientifically
sound
Acceptable; the study
was conducted using
TGAI
Acceptable; the study
was conducted using
TGAI
Supplemental
Acceptable; the study
was conducted using
TGAI
Supplemental; non-
native species.
-------
Appendix E. Chlorpyrifos Aquatic Toxicity Data Reviewed
Assessment
Endpoint
Estuarine/
marine fish
Estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
Acute/
Chronic
Chronic
Acute
Chronic
Acute
Species
australiensis
Daphnid, C. cf
dubia
Freshwater
shrimp, P.
australiensis
Midge, C.
tentans
Midge, C.
riparius
Daphnia
magna
Tidewater
silverside,
Menidia
peninsulas
M. peninsulas
Atlantic
silverside, M.
menidia
Mysid shrimp,
Americamysis
bahia
Toxicity
^alue Used in
Risk
Assessment
(ug a.i./L)
33-dNOAEC
= 0. 025
NOEC = 0.
04
20-d NOAEC
= 0.02
21-d
sediment:
NOAEC = 32
ug/Kg
NOAEC = 56
ug/Kg
LC50 = 0. 70
LC50 = 0. 96
NOAEC = 0.
28
LC50 = 0.
035 ug/Kg
MRID/ ECOTOX
Ref.
E65825 Rose et
al., 2002
0001 8468 Olimae/
al, 1997
E89548
Rakotondravelo et
al, 2006.
E13342Hooftman
etal., 1993
E11868Borthwick
etal., 1985
40228401 Mayer,
1986
00154718
Goodman et al.,
1985
40228401 Mayer,
1986
42664901
Comment
Supplemental
Supplemental; non-
native species.
Supplemental; no
NOAEC
Supplemental; *
midge had same acute
and chronic NOAEC,
possibly due to low
dissolved oxygen..
Supplemental;
unknown control
mortality, but
adjusted for mortality.
Supplemental; too
small Tidewater
Silverside (1-day old
larvae).
Supplemental; raw
data unavailable
Atlantic silverside
(28-day, flow-through
with measured
concentrations).
Acceptable; mysid
shrimp (1-day old
juveniles used).
Supplemental; strong
-------
Appendix E. Chlorpyrifos Aquatic Toxicity Data Reviewed
Assessment
Endpoint
Aquatic plants
Aquatic plants
Acute/
Chronic
Chronic
Acute
Chronic
Species
A. bahia
Alga,
Isochrysis
galbana
Toxicity
^alue Used in
Risk
Assessment
(ug a.i./L)
NOAEC < 0.
0046
EC50= 140
MRID/ ECOTOX
Ref.
Svede/a/., 1993
40228401 Mayer,
1986
Comment
solvent effects on
production of young
shrimp (flow-though
test; C14 measured)
Supplemental; not a
recommended test
species
No data available
TGAI = Technical grade active ingredient
-------
Appendix F. List of citations accepted by ECOTOX criteria and Database
The citations in Appendices F and G were considered for inclusion in ECOTOX. Citations include
the ECOTOX Reference number, as well as rejection codes (if relevant). The query was run in
October, 1999 and revised March and June, 2000. References in Section F.I include chlorpyrifos
papers accepted by both ECOTOX and OPP and cited within this risk assessment. Sections F.2
through F.4. include the full list of chlorpyrifos papers from the 2007, 2008 and 2009 ECOTOX runs
that were accepted by ECOTOX and OPP whether or not cited within the risk assessment and the full
list of papers accepted by ECOTOX but not by OPP.
ECOTOX Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes:
Papers must meet minimum criteria for inclusion in the ECOTOX database as established in the
Interim Guidance of the Evaluation Criteria for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature,
Phase Iand II, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 16, 2004.
Each study must contain all of the following:
• toxic effects from a single chemical exposure;
• toxic effects on an aquatic or terrestrial plant or animal species;
• biological effects on live, whole organisms;
• concurrent environmental chemical concentrations/doses or application rates; and
• explicit duration of exposure.
Appendix G includes the list of citations excluded by ECOTOX and the list of exclusion terms and
descriptions. For chlorpyrifos, hundreds of references were not accepted by ECOTOX for one or
more reasons.
OPP Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes for ECOTOX Data
Studies located and coded into ECOTOX should also meet OPP criterion for use in a risk assessment
(Section F.I). Studies that do not meet these criteria are designated in Section F.2 as "Accepted for
ECOTOX but not OPP." The intent of the acceptability criteria is to ensure data quality and
verifiability. The criteria parallel criteria used in evaluating registrant-submitted studies. Specific
criteria are listed below, along with the corresponding rejection code. In some cases, a study is
designated
• The paper does not report toxicology information for a chemical of concern to OPP;
(Rejection Code: NO COC)
• The article is not published in English language; (Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN)
• The study is not presented as a full article. Abstracts will not be considered; (Rejection
Code: NO ABSTRACT)
-------
• The paper is not publicly available document; (Rejection Code: NO NOT PUBLIC
(typically not used, as any paper acquired from the ECOTOX holding or through the
literature search is considered public)
• The paper is not the primary source of the data; (Rejection Code: NO REVIEW)
• The paper does not report that treatment(s) were compared to an acceptable control;
(Rejection Code: NO CONTROL)
• The paper does not report an explicit duration of exposure; (Rejection Code: NO
DURATION)
• The paper does not report a concurrent environmental chemical concentration/dose or
application rate; (Rejection Code: NO CONC)
• The paper does not report the location of the study (e.g., laboratory vs. field); (Rejection
Code: NO LOCATION)
• The paper does not report a biological effect on live, whole organisms; (Rejection Code:
NO IN-VITRO)
• The paper does not report the species that was tested; and this species can be verified in a
reliable source; (Rejection Code: NO SPECIES)
• The paper does not report effects associated with exposure to a single chemical. (Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE). It should be noted that all papers including data on pesticide
mixtures are considered.
The paper is not an efficacy only on target organisms (Rejection Code: NO TARGET).
Data were not originated from the OPP Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (Rejection Code: NO
EFED). These data are already available to the chemical team and reviewed
separately from the open literature review.
F.I: Papers Accepted by ECOTOX and OPP and used in the Risk Assessment
Papers Used for Chlorpyrifos Toxicity Profile:
Borthwick, P. W., Patrick, J. M. Jr., and Middaugh, D. P. (1985). Comparative Acute
Sensitivities of Early Life Stages of Atherinid Fishes to Chlorpyrifos and
Thiobencarb. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 14: 465-473.
EcoReference No.: 11868
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
De Silva, P. M. C. S. and Samayawardhena, L. A. (2002). Low Concentrations of Lorsban in
Water Result in Far Reaching Behavioral and Histological Effects in Early Life
-------
Stages in Guppy. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 53: 248-254.
EcoReferenceNo.: 72831
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,PHY,CEL;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Foster, S., Thomas, M., and Korth, W. (1998). Laboratory-Derived Acute Toxicity of Selected
Pesticides to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Aust.J.Ecotoxicol. 4: 53-59.
EcoReference No.: 67777
Chemical of Concern: TBC,MLT,MTL,MLN,BSF,BMC,ATZ,DU,SZ,CPY; Habitat:
A; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,BMC,MTL,ATZ,SZ,MLN),OK(ALLCHEMS).
Hooftman, R. N., Van de Guchte, K., and Roghair, C. J. (1993). Development of
Ecotoxicological Test Systems to Assess Contaminated Sediments. Project B6/8995,
The Netherlands Integrated Program on Soil Research (PCB) 41.
EcoReference No.: 13342
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,MOR,REP; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Hyder, A. H., Overmyer, J. P., and Noblet, R. (2005). Influence of Developmental Stage on
Susceptibilities and Sensitivities of Simulium vittatum IS-7 and Simulium vittatum
IIIL-1 (Diptera: Simuliidae) to Chlorpyrifos. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 23: 2856-2862.
EcoReference No.: 80409
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Olima, C., Pablo, F., and Lim, R. P. (1997). Comparative Tolerance of Three Populations of the
Freshwater Shrimp (Paratya australiensis) to the Organophosphate Pesticide,
Chlorpyrifos. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 59: 321-328 .
EcoReference No.: 18468
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Pablo, F., Krassoi, F. R., Jones, P. R. F., Colville, A. E., Hose, G. C., and Lim, R. P. (2008).
Comparison of the Fate and Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos - Laboratory Versus a Coastal
Mesocosm System. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 71: 219-229.
EcoReference No.: 108483
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Rakotondravelo, M. L., Anderson, T. D., Charlton, R. E., and Zhu, K. Y. (2006). Sublethal
-------
Effects of Three Pesticides on Larval Survivorship, Growth, and Macromolecule
Production in the Aquatic Midge, Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae).
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 352-359.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89548
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DDT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,GRO,CEL,BCM,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ATZ,CPY),OK(DDT).
Rose, R. M., Warne, M. St. I, and Lim, R. P. (2002). Food Concentration Affects the Life
History Response of Ceriodaphnia cf dubia to Chemicals with Different Mechanisms
of Action. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 51: 106-114.
EcoReferenceNo.: 65825
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FYC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP,MOR,POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,FYC).
Sparling, D. W. and Fellers, G. (2007). Comparative Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon,
Malathion and Their Ox on Derivatives to Larval Rana boylii. Environ.Pollut. 147:
535-539.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92498
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,CPY,DZ,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO),OK(DZ,MLN).
Papers Used for Chlorpyrifos Amphibian Toxicity Profile:
Abbasi, S. A. and Soni, R. (1991). Evaluation of Water Quality Criteria for Four Common
Pesticides on the Basis of Computer-Aided Studies. Indian J.Environ.Health 33: 22-
24.
EcoReferenceNo.: 61878
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,ES,PHSL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY),OK(ES,PHSL).
Bonfanti, P., Colombo, A., Orsi, F., Nizzetto, I, Andrioletti, M., Bacchetta, R., Mantecca, P.,
Fascio, U., Vailati, G., and Vismara, C. (2004). Comparative Teratogenicity of
Chlorpyrifos and Malathion on Xenopus laevis Development. Aquat.Toxicol. 70:
189-200.
EcoReferenceNo.: 76738
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,CEL,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY).
Richards, S. M. and Kendall, R. J. (2002). Biochemical Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Two
Developmental Stages of Xenopus laevis. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21: 1826-1835.
EcoReferenceNo.: 68227
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL,GRO,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Richards, S. M. and Kendall, R. J. (2003). Physical Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Two Stages of
Xenopus laevis. J. Toxicol.Environ.Health Part A 66: 75-91.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71867
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,BEH,ACC; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Richards, S. M. (2000). Chlorpyrifos: Exposure and Effects in Passerines and Anurans.
Ph.D.Thesis, Texas Tech. Univ., Lubbock, TX147 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86343
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes:
BEH,CEL,BCM,PHY,MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Sparling, D. W. and Fellers, G. (2007). Comparative Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon,
Malathion and Their Ox on Derivatives to Larval Rana boylii. Environ.Pollut. 147:
535-539.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92498
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,CPY,DZ,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO),OK(DZ,MLN).
Sparling, Donald S. and Fellers, Gary M. 2009, Toxicity of two Insecticides to California, USA,
Anurans and its Relevance to Declining Amphibian Populations. Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 28, No. 8, pp. 1696-1703.
EcoReference No.: Not yet given.
Widder, P. D. and Bidwell, J. R. (2006). Cholinesterase Activity and Behavior in Chlorpyrifos-
Exposed Rana sphenocephala Tadpoles. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 25: 2446-2454.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101289
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM,GRO,PHY;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Widder, P. D. and Bidwell, J. R. (2008). Tadpole Size, Cholinesterase Activity, and Swim Speed
in Four Frog Species after Exposure to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos.
Aquat.Toxicol. 88: 9-18.
EcoReference No.: 101727
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,BCM,BEH; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Mesocosm Studies Used:
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Biever, R. C., Giddings, J. M., Kiamos, M., Annunziato, M. F., Meyerhoff, R., and Racke, K.
(1994). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Aquatic Microcosms over a Range of Off-Target
Spray Drift Exposure Levels. In: Proc.Brighton Crop Protection Conf.on Pests and
Diseases, Nov.21-24, 1994, Volume 3, Brighton, UK 1367-1372.
EcoReferenceNo.: 62037
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Van den Brink, P. J., Van Wijngaarden, R. P. A., Lucassen, W. G. H., Brock, T. C. M., and
Leeuwangh, P. (1996). Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E (Active Ingredient
Chlorpyrifos) in Outdoor Experimental Ditches: II. Invertebrate Community
Responses and. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 1143-1153.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17218
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Van Wijngaarden, R. P. A., Van den Brink, P. J., Crum, S. J. H., Oude Voshaar, J. H., Brock, T.
C. M., and Leeuwangh, P. (1996). Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E (Active
Ingredient Chlorpyrifos) in Outdoor Experimental Ditches: I. Comparison of Short-
Term Toxicity Between. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 1133-1142.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17254
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,POP,PHY; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Oxon Papers Used:
Ali, A., Chowdhury, M. A., Hossain, M. I, Ameen, M., Habiba, D. B., and Aslam, A. F. M.
(1999). Laboratory Evaluation of Selected Larvicides and Insect Growth Regulators
Against Field-Collected Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae from Urban Dhaka,
Bangladesh. J .Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 15: 43-47.
EcoReferenceNo.: 62487
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FPN,BFT,FNTH,CPYM,DFZ,CPY,CYP,MLN,PMR;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED (CPY).
Carr, R. L., Straus, D. L., and Chambers, J. E. (1995). Inhibition and Aging of Channel Catfish
Brain Acetylcholinesterase Following Exposure to Two Phosphorothionate
Insecticides and Their Active Metabolites. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 45: 325-336.
EcoReferenceNo.: 67666
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY,CPYO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO).
Markey, K. L., Baird, A. H., Humphrey, C., and Negri, A. P. (2007). Insecticides and a
Fungicide Affect Multiple Coral Life Stages. Mar. Ecol. 330: 127-137.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 100575
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO,PFF,ES,CBL,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
REP,GRO,MOR,PHY,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYO,PFF,ES,CPY,PMR),OK(CBL).
F.2.: Full List of Papers Accepted by ECOTOX and OPP from the 2007 ECOTOX Run:
1. Abbasi, S. A. and Soni, R. (1991). Evaluation of Water Quality Criteria for Four Common Pesticides on the
Basis of Computer-Aided Studies. Indian J.Environ.Health 33: 22-24.
EcoReferenceNo.: 61878
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,ES,PHSL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
2. Abdel-Rahman, A., Dechkovskaia, A. M, Mehta-Simmons, H., Guan, X., Khan, W. A., and Abou-Donia, M. B.
(2003). Increased Expression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Cerebellum and Hippocampus:
Differential Effects on Neonatal Brain Regional Acetylcholinesterase Following Maternal Exposure to
Combined Chlorpyrifos and Nicotine. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health Pt.A 66: 2047-2066.
EcoReferenceNo.: 83931
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
3. Abdel-Rahman, A., Dechkovskaia, A. M., Mehta-Simmons, H., Sutton, J. M., Guan, X., Khan, W. A., and
Abou-Donia, M. B. (2004). Maternal Exposure to Nicotine and Chlorpyrifos, Alone and in
Combination, Leads to Persistently Elevated Expression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the
Cerebellum of the Offspring in Late Puberty. Arch.Toxicol. 78: 467-476.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86687
Chemical of Concern: CPY,NCTN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR,GRO,REP,PHY,CEL;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
4. Abdullah, A. R., Lim, R. P., and Chapman, J. C. (1993). Inhibition and Recovery of Acetylcholinesterase in
Paratya australiensis Exposed to the Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Fresenius
Emiron.Bull. 2: 752-757.
EcoReference No.: 16418
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
5. Aben, W. J. M., Houx, N. W. H., and Leistra, M. (1992). Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol and Chlorpyrifos in
Soil and in Solution to a Nematode and a Plant Species. Rep.No.59, U.S.Dep.of Commerce,
Agric.Res.DeptWinand Staring Ctr.for Integrated Land, Soil and Water Res., Wageningen,
Netherlands 39 p. (NTIS/PB93-221216).
EcoReference No.: 44356
Chemical of Concern: NaPCP,CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
6. Abo-El-Saad, M, Marzouk, M, and Shawir, M (1998). Molecular Interactions Correlated to Field Tolerance of
Spodoptera littoralis to Certain Insecticides. Alexandria Sci.Exchange J. 19: 39-50.
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
7. Abou-Donia, M. B., Wilmarth, K. R., Abdel-Rahman, A. A., Jensen, K. F., Oehme, F. W., and Kurt, T. L.
(1996). Increased Neurotoxicity Following Concurrent Exposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide, DEBT,
and Chlorpyrifos. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 34:201-222.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90149
Chemical of Concern: DEET,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.CEL.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
8. Adamczyk, J. J. Jr., Fife, J. H., Leonard, B. R., and Graves, J. B. (1997 ). Efficacy of Selected Insecticides
Against Lepidoptera in Cotton, 1996. ArthropodManag.Tests 22: 236-237 (42F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 92318
Chemical of Concern: TUZ,TDC,CPY,MFZ,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK TARGET(TDC,CPY,MFZ).
9. Addison, P. J. and Barker, G. M. (2006). Effect of Various Pesticides on the Non-Target Species Microctonus
hyperodae, a Biological Control Agent of Listronotus bonariensis. Entomol.Exp.Appl. 119: 71-79.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86585
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFZ,GYP,PAQT,ASM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,REP;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
10. Agnello, A. M., Spangler, S. M., Reissig, W. H., Lawson, D. S., and Weires, R. W. (1992). Seasonal
Development and Management Strategies for Comstock Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in
New York Pear Orchards. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 212-225.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73713
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY,CBL,MP,AZ,ES,RSM,EFV,MVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MOM),TARGET(RSM,EFV,AZ,CBL,MP,CPY).
11. Ahmad, M, Arif, M. I., and Ahmad, Z. (1999). Patterns of Resistance to Organophosphate Insecticides in Field
Populations of Helicoverpa armigera in Pakistan. Pestic.Sci. 55: 626-632.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
12. Ahmad, M., Hollingworth, R. M., and Wise, J. C. (2002). Broad-Spectrum Insecticide Resistance in
Obliquebanded Leafroller _Choristoneura rosaceana_ (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Michigan. Pest
Manag.Sci. 58: 834-838.
EcoReference No.: 70966
Chemical of Concern:
IDC,CFP,EMMB,MFZ,TUZ,BFT,ZCYP,AZ,CPY,PSM,CYP,DM,EFV,FNV,ES,TDC,MOM,CBL,SS;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
13. Ahmed, M. T., Ahmed, Y. M., and Moustafa, A. S. (1987). Some Studies on the Development of Resistance to
Diflubenzuron in the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm.
Meded.Fac.Landbouwkd.Toegep.Biol.Wet. Univ.Gent 52: 477-483.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93346
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,DFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.BCM: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY,CYP),NO COC(TBF).
14. Ahmed, W. (1976). The Effectiveness of Predators of Rice Field Mosquitoes in Relation to Pesticide Use in
Rice Culture. Ph.D.Thesis, University of California, Davis, CA 55 p.
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EcoReference No.: 60691
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY,MLT,CuS,MCPA,EDT,DU,MP,CBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,POP,REP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
15. Ahrens, W. H. (1990). Enhancement of Soybean (Glycine max) Injury and Weed Control by Thifensulfuron-
Insecticide Mixtures. Weed Technol. 4: 524-528.
EcoReference No.: 68422
Chemical of Concern: THF,CPY,CBL,MOM,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
16. Akhtar, M. S. and Saleem, M. (1993). Toxicity of Insecticides Against Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann)
(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). PakJ.Zool. 25: 139-142.
EcoReference No.: 40475
Chemical of Concern: DLD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
17. Al-Mihanna, A. A., Salama, A. K., and Abdalla, M. Y. (1998). Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos by Either Single
or Combined Cultures of Some Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungi. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 33:
693-704.
EcoReference No.: 63447
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
18. Aldridge, J. E., Meyer, A., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2005). Developmental Exposure to Terbutaline and
Chlorpyrifos: Pharmacotherapy of Preterm Labor and an Environmental Neurotoxicant Converge on
Serotonergic Systems in Neonatal Rat Brain Regions. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 203: 132-144.
EcoReference No.: 81273
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
19. Ali, A. (1981). Laboratory Evaluation of Organophosphate and New Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides Against
Pestiferous Chironomid Midges of Central Florida. Mosq.News 41: 157-161.
EcoReference No.: 5559
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNTH,MLN,CPY,CYP,PMR,PYT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
20. Ali, A., Chowdhury, M. A., Hossain, M. I., Ameen, M., Habiba, D. B., and Aslam, A. F. M. (1999). Laboratory
Evaluation of Selected Larvicides and Insect Growth Regulators Against Field-Collected Culex
quinquefasciatus Larvae from Urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 15: 43-47.
EcoReference No.: 62487
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FPN,BFT,FNTH,CP YM,DFZ,CPY,C YP,MLN,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
21. Ali, A., Majori, G., Ceretti, G., D'Andrea, F., Scattolin, M., and Ferrarese, U. (1985). A Chironomid (Diptera:
Chironomidae) Midge Population Study and Laboratory Evaluation of Larvicides Against Midges
Inhabiting the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 1: 63-68.
EcoReference No.: 11927
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNTH,FNT,CPY,CYP,PMR,DM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
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Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
22. All, A., Nayar, J. K., and Xue, R.-D. (1995). Comparative Toxicity of Selected Larvicides and Insect Growth
Regulators to a Florida Laboratory Population of Aedes albopictus. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 11: 72-
76.
EcoReferenceNo.: 16077
Chemical of Concern: PYX,BFT,DFZ,FNTH,MLN,CPY,TMP,CYP,PMR,MTPN; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
23. All, J. N. and All, J. D. (1987). Field Corn, Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl Stage Field Corn, Conventional
Tillage and no Tillage, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 181-182 (No. 213).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88712
Chemical of Concern: PPB,CBL,BFT,FNV,CYP,TLM,CPY,EFV,CYF,CYH,MOM; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(CBL,BFT,CYP,EFV,CYF,MOM),TARGET(CPY).
24. All, J. N., Javid, A., and Chamberlin, J. R. (1987). Insecticide Control of Sorghum Head Worms in Georgia,
1986. ImecticAcaric.Tests 12: 266 (No. 314).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88706
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBL,CYP,CPY,TLM,PMR,PPB,MOM,BFT,FNV,EFV,CYH; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(CYF,CBL,CYP,PMR,MOM,EFV),TARGET(CPY).
25. All, J. N. and Jellum, M. D. (1977). Efficacy of Insecticide-Nematocides on Sphenophorus callosus and
Phytophagous Nematodes in Field Corn. J.Georgia Entomol.Soc. 12: 283-291.
EcoReferenceNo.: 39684
Chemical of Concern: EP,CBF,ACP,FNF,ADC,PRN,OML,PRT,CPY,TBO,PHSL; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK(CBF,ADC,ACP),OK TARGET(PRT,CPY).
26. Anderson, B. S., Phillips, B. M., Hunt, J. W., Connor, V., Richard, N., and Tjeerdema, R. S. (2006). Identifying
Primary Stressors Impacting Macroinvertebrates in the Salinas River (California, USA): Relative
Effects of Pesticides and Suspended Particles. Environ.Pollut. 141: 402-408.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90039
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,BFT,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED (CPY).
27. Anderson, G. L., Cole, R. D., and Williams, P. L. (2004). Assessing Behavioral Toxicity with Caenorhabditis
elegans. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 23: 1235-1240.
EcoReference No.: 75260
Chemical of Concern: Al,Pb,CuCl,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
28. Anderson, R. M., Teetes, G. L., and Pendleton, B. B. (1999). Sorghum Midge Suppression on Sorghum, 1998.
Arthropod Manage. Tests 24: 280-281 (F99).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88056
Chemical of Concern: PYT,CPY,CYF,CYH,AZD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
EFFICACY(PYT,CPY,CYF,CYH,AZD).
29. Anderson, T. D. and Lydy, M. J. (2002). Increased Toxicity to Invertebrates Associated with a Mixture of
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Atrazine and Organophosphate Insecticides. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1507-1514.
EcoReference No.: 64955
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DZ,CPY,MP; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
30. Ankley, G. T., Call, D. J., Cox, J. S., Kahl, M. D., Hoke, R. A., and Kosian, P. A. (1994). Organic Carbon
Partitioning as a Basis for Predicting the Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos in Sediments.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 13(4): 621-626.
EcoReference No.: 4019
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
31. Ankley, G. T. and Collyard, S. A. (1995). Influence of Piperonyl Butoxide on the Toxicity of Organophosphate
Insecticides to Three Species of Freshwater Benthic Invertebrates. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 110:
149-155.
EcoReference No.: 352
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY,DZ,PPB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
32. Ansari, M. A., Shah, F. A., Tirry, L., and Moens, M. (2006). Field Trials Against Hoplia philanthus
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with a Combination of an Entomopathogenic Nematode and the Fungus
Metarhizium anisopliae CLO 53. Biol.Control 39: 453-459.
EcoReference No.: 92881
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(CPY).
33. Antognelli, C., Baldracchini, F., Piazzoli, A., Frosiini, R., Talesa, V., and Giovannini, E. (2006). Activity
Changes of Glyoxalase System Enzymes and Glutathione-S-Transferase in the Bivalve Mollusc
Scapharca Inaequivalvis Exposed to the Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 86:
72-77.
EcoReference No.: 90040
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
34. Anwar, T., Tahir, S., Ahmad, I., Khan, M. F., Naqvi, S. M. H. M., and Akhtar, S. (2005). Acute Toxicity and
Sub-lethal Effect of Selected Pesticides on Fresh Water Fish. J.Exp.Zool.India 8: 417-424.
EcoReference No.: 88286
Chemical of Concern: C YP,CPY,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CYP,CPY,MP).
35. Armenia, R., Martinez, A. M., Chapman, J. W., Magallanes, R., Goulson, D., Caballero, P., Cave, R. D.,
Cisneros, J., Valle, J., Castillejos, V., Penagos, D. I., Garcia, L. F., and Williams, T. (2003). Impact of
a Nucleopolyhedrovirus Bioinsecticide and Selected Synthetic Insecticides on the Abundance of Insect
Natural Enemies on Maize in Southern Mexico. J.Econ.Entomol. 96: 649-661.
EcoReference No.: 87502
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY,CBL,CYP).
36. Armstrong, J. S., Dregseth, B., and Schroeder, A. (1999). At-Planting and Post-Planting Applications Granular
Insecticides for Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1998. Arthropod Manage.Tests 24: 298-299 (Fl 18).
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 88057
Chemical of Concern: ADC,CPY,TBO,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ADC,TBO,PRT),EFFICACY(CPY).
37. Arne, C. N, Becker, S. A., and Bailey, W. C. (1991). Alfalfa Weevil Control Missouri (Northern), 1989.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 123 (IF).
EcoReferenceNo.: 90636
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CBL,PMR,EFV,CYF,CYP,CBF,LCYT,PSM,TDC,CPY; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS),OK(CBF).
38. Arthur, F. H. (1992). Control of Lesser Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) with Chlorpyrifos-Methyl,
Bioresmethrin, and Resmethrin: Effect of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Resistance and Environmental
Degradation. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 1471-1475.
EcoReference No.: 70407
Chemical of Concern: BRSM,RSM,CPY-Methyl; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .PHY: Rejection
Code: TARGET(RSM, CPYM).
39. Arthur, F. H. (1994). Cyfluthrin Applied with and Without Piperonyl Butoxide and Piperonyl Butoxide Plus
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl for Protection of Stored Wheat. J.Econ.Entomol. 87: 1707-1713.
Chemical of Concern: PPB,CYF,CPYM; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CYF,CPYM).
40. Arthur, F. H. (1992). Residual Efficacy of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl + Bioresmethrin and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl +
Resmethrin for Controlling Lesser Grain Borers (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Rice Weevils
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Red Flour Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Stored Wheat.
J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 570-575.
EcoReference No.: 70789
Chemical of Concern: BRSM,RSM,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(RSM,CPYM).
41. Ashauer, R., Boxall, A., and Brown, C. (2006). Uptake and Elimination of Chlorpyrifos and Pentachlorophenol
into the Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus pulex. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 542-548.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92242
Chemical of Concern: PCP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
42. Asteraki, E. J., Hanks, C. B., and Clements, R. 0. (1992). The Impact of Two Insecticides on Predatory Ground
Beetles (Carabidae) in Newly-Sown Grass. Ann.Appl.Biol. 120:25-39.
EcoReference No.: 68970
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
43. Atallah, Y. H. and Ishak, M. M. (1971). Toxicity of Some Commonly Used Insecticides to the Snail
Biomphalaria alexandrina, Intermediate Host of Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt. Z.Angew.Entomol.
69: 102-106.
EcoReference No.: 6332
Chemical of Concern: DDT,MP,CBL,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MP,CBL),OK(DDT).
44. Atkins, E. L. (1972). Rice Field Mosquito Control Studies with Low Volume Dursban Sprays in Colusa County,
-------
California. V. Effects Upon Honey Bees. Mosq.News 32: 538-541.
EcoReference No.: 70245
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
45. Atkins, E. L. and Kellum, D. (1986). Comparative Morphogenic and Toxicity Studies on the Effect of
Pesticides on Honeybee Brood. J.Apic.Res. 25: 242-255 .
EcoReference No.: 70351
Chemical of Concern:
AND,DZ,Naled,MW,MLN,BMY,DS,CYT,DMT,FNV,PPG,PMR,OXD,FTT,MOM,EN,ES,CPY,ACP
,MP,CBL,Captan; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(Naled,MLN,DMT,MP,FNV,CPY),OK(DZ,DS,PMR,OXD,MOM,ACP,CBL,Captan).
46. Auman, J. T., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2000). Neonatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure Targets Multiple
Proteins Governing the Hepatic Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling Cascade: Implications for Neurotoxicity.
Dev.BrainRes. 121: 19-27.
EcoReference No.: 90091
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
47. Awadallah, S. M. (1997). Teratogenic Effects of Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos on Chick Embryo. Alexandria
Sci.Exchange J. 18: 287-296.
EcoReference No.: 72830
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.MOR.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CYP,CPY).
48. Awchar, S. L., Satpute, U. S., Sarnaik, D. N, and Sarode, D. B. (1995). Effect of Certain Chemical and
Botanical Insecticides on Some Beneficial Insects Associated with Mustard. J.Biol.Control 9: 13-15.
EcoReference No.: 92825
Chemical of Concern: AZD,ES,CPY,FNV,DEM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,POP,BEH;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,FNV).
49. Babu, T. R. and Ramanamurthy, G. (1999). Residual Toxicity of Pesticides to the Adults of Cryptolaemus
montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera). Int.Pest Control 41: 137-138.
EcoReference No.: 92067
Chemical of Concern: ACP,ES,CPY,FNV,CYP,CTN,AZD,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK(CTN,MZB),OK TARGET(ACP,CPY,FNV,CYP,AZD).
50. Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Hassoun, E. A., and Stohs, S. J. (1995). In Vitro and In Vivo Generation of Reactive
Oxygen Species, DNA Damage and Lactate Dehydrogenase Leakage by Selected Pesticides.
Toxicology 104: 129-140.
EcoReference No.: 78777
Chemical of Concern: ACR,EN,CHD,CPY,FNTH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL,BCM,PHY;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
51. Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Tang, L., and Stohs, S. J. (1997). Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Protein Kinase C
Activation by Selected Pesticides and Transition Metal Salts. Toxicol.Lett. 91: 31-37.
EcoReference No.: 78778
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Chemical of Concern: EN,CHD,DDT,ACR,CPY,FNTH,Cd; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS).
52. Bagchi, D., Bhattacharya, G., and Stohs, S. J. (1996). In Vitro and In Vivo Induction of Heat Shock (Stress)
Protein (Hsp) Gene Expression by Selected Pesticides. Toxicology 112: 57-68.
EcoReference No.: 78783
Chemical of Concern: ACR,EN,CHD,CPY,FNTH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
53. Bailey, H. C., DiGiorgio, C., Kroll, K., Miller, J. L., Hinton, D. E., and Starrett, G. (1996). Development of
Procedures for Identifying Pesticide Toxicity in Ambient Waters: Carbofuran, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 837-845.
EcoReference No.: 16844
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,DZ,PPB,NH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,CBF,PPB).
54. Bailey, H. C., Miller, J. L., Miller, M. J., Wiborg, L. C., Deanovic, L., and Shed, T. (1997). Joint Acute Toxicity
of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 2304-2308.
EcoReference No.: 18190
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,DZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).
55. Bailey, W. C. and Munson, R. E. (1987). Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri (Northern), 1986.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 12: 163 (No. 191).
EcoReference No.: 88716
Chemical of Concern: CYF,FVL,EFV,FNV,MDT,CBF,CPY,MP,CBL,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(CYF,FVL,EFV,MP,CBL,DMT),TARGET(CPY).
56. Bailey, W. C., Munson, R. E., and Booker, B. E. (1987). Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri (Southern), 1986.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 12: 162 (No. 190).
EcoReference No.: 88719
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNV,EFV,MP,CYF,MDT,FVL,CBL,CBF,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(CPY,FNV,MDT,CBF),OK
TARGET(CBL,EFV,MP,CYF,FVL,DMT),TARGET(CPY).
57. Baker, P. B. (1986). Responses by Japanese and Oriental Beetle Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to
Bendiocarb, Chlorpyrifos, and Isofenphos. J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 452-454.
EcoReference No.: 63635
Chemical of Concern: BDC,CPY,IFP; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
58. Baker, P. B. and Bellamy, D. E. (2006). Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Persistence and Bioavailability of
Soil Termiticides to Desert Subterranean Termite Heterotermes aureus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 99: 1345-1353.
EcoReference No.: 87501
Chemical of Concern: PMR,IMC,CYP,BFT,PYT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH,POP;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
59. Bakker, F. M. (1998). Accuracy and Efficiency of Sequential Pesticide Testing Protocols for Phytoseiid Mites.
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Ecotoxicol.[Int. Conf.J Meeting Date 1996, Editor(s): Haskell, Peter T.; McEwen, Peter.Publisher:
Kluwer, Dordrecht, Neth.CODEN: 68BTAO 148-165.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
60. Barata, C., Solayan, A., and Porte, C. (2004). Role of B-Esterases in Assessing Toxicity of Organophosphorus
(Chlorpyrifos, Malathion) and Carbamate (Carbofuran) Pesticides to Daphnia magna . Aquat.Toxicol.
66: 125-139.
EcoReference No.: 72805
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,MLN,CPY).
61. Bareth, S. S. and Gupta, H. C. (1989). Efficacy of Six Insecticides for the Protection of Stored Wheat Seeds
Against Rhizopertha dominica (Fab.). Seed Res. 17:43-46.
EcoReference No.: 93042
Chemical of Concern: DM,CYP,FNV,FNT,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,REP;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(CPY,FNV),OK(MLN,CYP).
62. Barnard, E. L., Dixon, W. N, Ash, E. C., Fraedrich, S. W., and Cordell, C. E. (1995). Scalping Reduces Impact
of Soilborne Pests and Improves Survival and Growth of Slash Pine Seedlings on Converted
Agricultural Croplands. South.J.Appl.For. 19:49-59.
EcoReference No.: 90506
Chemical of Concern: MB,ATZ,BMY,DZ,CPY,CBF,SMM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,POP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DZ),NO
MIXTURE(SMM,ATZ),NO COC(MP).
63. Baxendale, F. P., Shearman, R. C., and Wit, L. A. (1988). Annual White Grub Control in Kentucky Bluegrass,
1987. InsecticAcaric.Tests 13: 330 (7G).
EcoReference No.: 88813
Chemical of Concern: EP,DZ,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ),OK(EP),OK TARGET(CPY).
64. Beatty, K. L. and Sohn, M. L. (1986). Effect of Three Insecticides on Growth Rates of Soil Fungi.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 36: 533-539.
EcoReference No.: 67232
Chemical of Concern: CBF,HCCH,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBF,CPY),OK(HCCH).
65. Beauvais, S. L., Atchison, G. J., Stenback, J. Z., and Crumpton, W. G. (1999). Use of Cholinesterase Activity to
Monitor Exposure of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) to a Pesticide Mixture in Hypoxic
Wetland Mesocosms. Hydrobiologia 416: 163-170.
EcoReference No.: 62050
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,MTL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ATZ,MTL,CPY).
66. Beers, E. H. and Eisner, E. A. (1987). Apple, First Generation White Apple Leafhopper Insecticide Evaluation,
1986 . InsecticAcaric.Tests 12: 3 (No. 004).
EcoReference No.: 88504
Chemical of Concern: ES,DZ,DMT,AZ,CPY,CBL,PPHD,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
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Rejection Code: OK(ES,CPY,PPHD),OK TARGET(DZ,DMT,AZ,CBL,ACP),TARGET(CPY).
67. Beers, E. H., Eisner, E. A., and Baird, R. J. (1987). Apple, Second Generation White Apple Leafhopper
Insecticide Evaluation, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 4 (No. 005).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88505
Chemical of Concern: CBL,ES,PPHD,CPY,FTTC1,AZ,OML,FYC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(ES,PPHD,CPY,FTTCI,OML,FYC),OK TARGET(CBL,AZ),TARGET(CPY).
68. Bejarano, A. C., Chandler, G. T., and Decho, A. W. (2005). Influence of Natural Dissolved Organic Matter
(DOM) on Acute and Chronic Toxicity of the Pesticides Chlorothalonil, Chlorpyrifos and Fipronil on
the Meiobenthic Estuarine Copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol. 321: 43-57.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87778
Chemical of Concern: FPN,CPY,CTN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.REP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CTN,CPY),OK(FPN).
69. Belden, J. B. and Lydy, M. J. (2000). Impact of Atrazine on Organophosphate Insecticide Toxicity.
Emiron.Toxicol.Chem. 19: 2266-2274.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56553
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,MLN,MP,DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,BEH,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,ATZ,MLN,MP,CPY).
70. Belden, J. B. and Lydy, M. J. (2006). Joint Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and Esfenvalerate to Fathead Minnows and
Midge Larvae. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 25: 623-629.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93276
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EFV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,EFV).
71. Bellows, T. S. Jr. and Morse, J. G. (1993). Toxicity of Insecticides Used in Citrus to Aphytis Melinus debach
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Rhizobius lophanthae (Blaisd.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
Can.Entomol. 125: 987-994.
EcoReferenceNo.: 59334
Chemical of Concern:
MOM,AZ,BFT,EFV,FPP,FVL,CBL,TDC,MVP,Naled,TCF,CPY,FTT,ACD,AMZ,CYT,MDT,PRN,A
BM,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MOM),TARGET(TDC,FVL,BFT,EFV,AZ,CBL,Naled,DMT,CPY).
72. Benezet, H. J., Huffman, B. B., and Helms, C. W. (1988). Comparative Toxicity of Selected Insecticides to the
Cigarette Beetle at Different Temperatures. Tob.Sci. 32: 41-43.
EcoReference No.: 72099
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(RSM,CYP,CPY).
73. Bengston, M., Cooper, L. M., and Grant-Taylor, F. J. (1975). A Comparison of Bioresmethrin, Chlorpyrifos-
Methyl and Pirimiphos-Methyl as Grain Protectants Against Malathion-Resistant Insects in Wheat.
Queeml.J.Agric.Anim.Sci. 32: 51-78.
EcoReference No.: 72446
Chemical of Concern: BRSM,RSM,CPYM,MLN,TMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: TARGET(MLN,RSM,TMT,CPYM).
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74. Bengtson Nash, S. M, Quayle, P. A., Schreiber, U., and Muller, J. F. (2005). The Selection of a Model
Microalgal Species as Biomaterial for a Novel Aquatic Phytotoxicity Assay. Aquat.Toxicol. 72: 315-
326.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80943
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CuS,Du,NYP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.PHY.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CuS,Du).
75. Bennett, R. S. (1989). Role of Dietary Choices in the Ability of Bobwhite to Discriminate Between Insecticide-
Treated and Untreated food. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 8: 731-738.
EcoReferenceNo.: 39691
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.MOR.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MP,CPY).
76. Bennett, R. S. Jr. and Prince, H. H. (1981). Influence of Agricultural Pesticides on Food Preference and
Consumption by Ring-Necked Pheasants. J.Wildl.Manag. 45: 74-82.
EcoReference No.: 47473
Chemical of Concern: DZ,Captan,CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(Captan,CPY),OK(DZ,CBF).
77. Bessin, R. and Townsend, L. H. (1992). Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.),
Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 193-194 (31F).
EcoReference No.: 79782
Chemical of Concern: TBO,CBF,CPY,TFT,FNF,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(TBO,CBF,TFT,FNF,EP).
78. Betancourt, A. M., Burgess, S. C., and Carr, R. L. (2006). Effect of Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on
the Expression of Neurotrophin Growth Factors and Cell-Specific Markers in Neonatal Rat Brain.
Toxicol.Sci. 92: 500-506 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 93532
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.CEL.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
79. Betancourt, A. M. and Carr, R. L. (2004). The Effect of Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon on Brain
Cholinesterase, Muscarinic Receptor Binding, and Neurotrophin Levels in Rats Following Early
Postnatal Exposure. Toxicol.Sci. 77: 63-71.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80652
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO).
80. Bhamburkar, M. W. (1986). Role of Systemic Insecticides on the Control of Sucking Pests in Relation to Cotton
Yield Under Dryland Condition. Pesticides (Bombay) 20: 24-25.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89379
Chemical of Concern: DMT,TDC,CPY,PPHD,ACP,MTM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TDC),EFFICACY(MTM,ACP,CPY,DMT).
81. Biever, R. C., Giddings, J. M., Kiamos, M., Annunziato, M. F., Meyerhoff, R., and Racke, K. (1994). Effects of
Chlorpyrifos on Aquatic Microcosms over a Range of Off-Target Spray Drift Exposure Levels. In:
Proc.Brighton Crop Protection Conf.on Pests and Diseases, Nov. 21-24, 1994, Volume 3, Brighton, UK
1367-1372.
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EcoReference No.: 62037
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
82. Binelli, A., Ricciardi, F., Riva, C., and Provini, A. (2006). New Evidences for Old Biomarkers: Effects of
Several Xenobiotics on EROD and AChE Activities in Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha).
Chemosphere 62: 510-519.
EcoReference No.: 88372
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DDT,PCB,CPYO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY.ACC: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,CPY),OK(DDT),NO ENDPOINT(CPYO).
83. Birmingham, B. C. and Colman, B. (1977). The Effect of Two Organophosphate Insecticides on the Growth of
Freshwater Algae. Can.J.Bot. 55: 1453-1456.
EcoReference No.: 2704
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
84. Bishop, B., Grafius, E., Hayden, J., Stehr, J., and Davis, A. (1988). Insect Control on Broccoli, 1987.
Imectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 91-92 (No. 6E).
EcoReference No.: 88840
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EFV,PMR,CYP,CBL,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
85. Bishop, B., Grafius, E., Henry, P., Roragen, K., Maier, R., Stehr, M, and Linn, M. (1992). Colorado Potato
Beetle Control, 1989. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 122-124 (64E).
EcoReference No.: 79785
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,CYH,EFV,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,ADC,EFV),EFFICACY(CPY).
86. Blickenstaff, C. C. and Skoog, F. E. (1974). Insecticides Tested Versus Grasshoppers: Correlations Between
Results of Ground and Aerial Applications. J.Econ.Entomol. 67: 127-129.
EcoReference No.: 71348
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,DZ; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ,CBL,CPY).
87. Bloomquist, J. R., Barlow, R. L., Gillette, J. S., Li, W., and Kirby, M. L. (2002). Selective Effects of
Insecticides on Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Nerve Pathways. Neurotoxicology 23: 537-544.
EcoReference No.: 92572
Chemical of Concern: HPT,DM,PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR).
88. Boag, B. (1985). Effect of Pesticides on Longidorus elongatus and the Yield of Swedes. Tests
Agrochem.Cultiv. 6: 32-33.
EcoReference No.: 74582
Chemical of Concern: BMY,CPY,ADC,DPDP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .PHY; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ADC,CPY),OK(DPDP).
89. Boetel, M. A. and Fuller, B. W. (1999). Planting-Time and Post-Emergence Insecticide Treatments for
Controlling Corn Rootworms in South Dakota, 1998. Arthropod Manage.Tests 24: 209-210 (F21).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 88058
Chemical of Concern: PBP,TBO,TFT,CEX,CPY,PRT,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
90. Boetel, M. A., Fuller, B. W., Brinkman, M. A., Catangui, M. A., Kahler, E. M., Jenson, J. M., Thompson, D. J.,
Nelson, D. J., Kieckhefer, R. W., and Beck, D. A. (1995). Foliar Rescue Insecticide Applications for
Management of Russian Wheat Aphids in South Dakota Winter Wheat, 1994. Arthropod Manag.Tests
20: 264-265 (141F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 91359
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,CPY,MP,TLM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MP,CPY).
91. Boetel, M. A., Fuller, B. W., Thompson, D. J., Voss, T. S., and Smith, M. P. (1996). Rescue Insecticide
Applications for Management of Pale Western Cutworms in Winter Wheat, 1995. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 21: 320 (163F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 91439
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,TLM,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY,MP).
92. Bonfanti, P., Colombo, A., Orsi, F., Nizzetto, I., Andrioletti, M., Bacchetta, R., Mantecca, P., Fascio, U.,
Vailati, G., and Vismara, C. (2004). Comparative Teratogenicity of Chlorpyrifos and Malathion on
XenopuslaevisDevelopment. Aquat.Toxicol.lQ'. 189-200.
EcoReference No.: 76738
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,CEL,MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY).
93. Boone, J. S. and Chambers, J. E. (1996). Time Course of Inhibition of Cholinesterase and Aliesterase Activities,
and Nonprotein Sulfhydryl Levels Following Exposure to Organophosphorus Insecticides in
Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 29: 202-207.
EcoReference No.: 62030
Chemical of Concern: PRN,MP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(MP,CPY).
94. Booth, G. M., Mortensen, S. R., Carter, M. W., and Schaalje, B. G. (2005 ). Hazard Evaluation for Northern
Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Chlorpyrifos-Treated Turf and Seed.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 60: 176-187.
EcoReference No.: 78023
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,REP,ACC,MOR,BEH,GRO; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
95. Booth, L. H., Bithell, S. L., Wratten, S. D., and Heppelthwaite, V. J. (2003). Vineyard Pesticides and Their
Effects on Invertebrate Biomarkers and Bioindicator Species in New Zealand.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 71: 1131-1138.
EcoReference No.: 73642
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TUZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code:
OK(TUZ),OK TARGET(CPY).
96. Booth, L. H., Heppelthwaite, V., and Eason, C. T. (1998). Cholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase in the
Earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa as Biomarkers of Organophosphate Exposure. Proc.N.Z.Plant
-------
Prot.Conf. 51: 138-142.
EcoReference No.: 71162
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DZ,CPY).
97. Booth, L. H., Hodge, S., and O'Halloran, K. (2001). Use of Biomarkers in Earthworms to Detect Use and Abuse
of Field Applications of a Model Organophosphate Pesticide. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 67: 633-
640.
EcoReference No.: 63600
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
98. Booth, L. H. and O'Halloran, K. (2001). A Comparison of Biomarker Responses in the Earthworm
Aporrectodea caliginosa to the Organophosphorus Insecticides Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 20: 2494-2502.
EcoReference No.: 63359
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO.REP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DZ,CPY).
99. Borthwick, P. W., Patrick, J. M. Jr., and Middaugh, D. P. (1985). Comparative Acute Sensitivities of Early Life
Stages of Atherinid Fishes to Chlorpyrifos and Thiobencarb. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 14: 465-
473.
EcoReference No.: 11868
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
100. Bossard, R. L., Dryden, M. W., and Broce, A. B. (2002). Insecticide Susceptibilities of Cat Fleas
(Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) from Several Regions of the United States. JMed.Entomol. 39: 742-746.
EcoReference No.: 68605
Chemical of Concern: PYT,PMR,CBL,MLN,PPB,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED (CBL,MLN),OK(PYT,PMR,CPY),NO
MIXTURE(PPB),TARGET(CPY).
101. Bostanian, N. J., Binns, M., Kovach, J., Racette, G., and Mailloux, G. (1999). Predictive Model for
Strawberry Bud Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults in Strawberry Fields. Environ.Entomol.
28: 398-406.
EcoReference No.: 88068
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
102. Bowman, J. S. (1987). Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1986.
Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 113 (No. 122).
EcoReference No.: 88724
Chemical of Concern: EFV,PMR,CPY,MP,FNV,CBL,MOM,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(CPY,FNV),OK TARGET(EFV,PMR,MP,CBL,MOM,TDC),TARGET(CPY).
Bowman, J. S. and Barry, D. W. (1988). Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1987.
Imectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 113 (No. 36E).
EcoReference No.: 88842
-------
Chemical of Concern: PMR,MP,CYF,CBF,CYP,FNV,CPY,EFV,MOM,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK(CBF,FNV,CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
104. Bowman, J. S. and Barry, D. W. (1992). Control on Late Season Sweet Corn with Foliar Sprays, 1990.
Insectic.Acaric. Tests 17: 101 (33E).
EcoReference No.: 79278
Chemical of Concern: CYH,FNV,PMR,CPY,MOM,EFV,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,POP;
Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(EFV),OK(CYH,PMR),TARGET(CBL,MOM),EFFICACY(FNV,CPY).
105. Brandenburg, R. L. (1985). The Effect of Field Applications of Insecticides for Variegated Cutworm,
Peridroma saucia (Hubner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) Control on Non-target Arthropods in Alfalfa.
J.Kans.Entomol.Soc. 58: 437-441 .
EcoReference No.: 63402
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK,TARGET(CBL),TARGET(MOM,CPY).
106. Brazner, J. C., Lozano, S. J., Knuth, M. L., Bertelsen, S. L., Heinis, L. J., Jensen, D. A., Kline, E. R.,
O'Halloran, S. L., Sargent, K. W., Tanner, D. K., and Siefert, R. E. (1988). The Effects of Chlorpyrifos
on a Natural Aquatic System: A Research Design for Littoral Enclosure Studies and Final Research
Report. Final Research Report, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, U.S.EPA, Duluth, MN
194 p.
EcoReference No.: 16806
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,POP,SYS; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
107. Breslin, W. J., Liberacki, A. B., Dittenber, D. A., and Quast, J. F. (1996). Evaluation of the
Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos in the Rat. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 29: 119-
130.
EcoReference No.: 93040
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH,GRO,BCM,PHY,REP,POP,CEL;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
108. Brewer, S. K. and Atchison, G. J. (1999). The Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Cholinesterase Activity and
Foraging Behavior in the Dragonfly, Anax junius (Odonata). Hydrobiologia 394: 201-208.
EcoReference No.: 68927
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
109. Broadbent, A. B. and Free, D. J. (1997). Resistance to Insecticides in Populations of Frankliniella
occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Greenhouses in the Niagara Region of
Ontario. Can.Entomol. 129: 907-913.
EcoReference No.: 63606
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,BDC,DM,ACP,PPB,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MOM,MLN),NO MIXTURE(PPB),TARGET(ACP,CPY).
110. Broadley, R. H. (1983). Toxicity of Insecticides to Coccinella repanda Thunberg and Harmonia
octomaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Qld.J.Agric.Anim.Sci. 40: 125-127.
EcoReference No.: 70342
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,MOM,PFF,MDT,CYP,DM,PMR,SPS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MOM),TARGET(CYP,CPY).
111. Brock, T. C. M, Bos, A. R., Crum, S. J. H., and Gylstra, R. (1995). The Model Ecosystem Approach
in Ecotoxicology as Illustrated with a Study on the Fate and Effects of an Insecticide in Stagnant
Freshwater Microcosms. In: B.Hock and R.Niessner (Eds.), Immunochemical Detection of Pesticides
and Their Metabolites in the Water Cycle, Chapter 10, Wiley-VCH, Germany 167-1017.
EcoReference No.: 68345
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
112. Brock, T. C. M., Crum, S. J. H., Van Wijngaarden, R., Budde, B. J., Tijink, J., Zuppelli, A., and
Leeuwangh, P. (1992). Fate and Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E in Indoor Elodea-Dominated
and Macrophyte-Free Freshwater Model Ecosystems: I. Fate and Primary.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 23: 69-84.
EcoReference No.: 6106
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.ACC; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
113. Brown, T. M., Bryson, P. K., and Payne, G. T. (1996). Synergism by Propynyl Aryl Ethers in
Permethrin-Resistant Tobacco Budworm Larvae, Heliothis virescens. Pestic.Sci. 43: 323-331.
EcoReference No.: 63595
Chemical of Concern: PPB,DDT,ES,PFF,AMZ,SPS,FYT,FNV,FPP,MP,CPY,PMR,CYP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: OK(PMR),NO
MIXTURE(PPB,AMZ),TARGET(MP,FNV,CPY).
114. Brust, R. A., Miyazaki, S., and Hodgson, G. C. (1971). Effect of Dursban in the Drinking Water of
Chicks. J.Econ.Entomol. 64: 1179-1183.
EcoReference No.: 35986
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
115. Bruwer, I. J. and Schoeman, A. S. (1988). Residual Toxicity of Four Citrus Insecticides in South
Africa to the Scale Predator Chilocorus nigritus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 81:
1178-1180.
EcoReference No.: 71168
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ALSV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(ALSV,CPY).
116. Bues, R., Boudinhon, L., Toubon, J. F., and Faivre D'Arcier, F. (1999). Geographic and Seasonal
Variability of Resistance to Insecticides in Cacopsylla pyri L. (Horn., Psyllidae). J.Appl.Entomol. 123:
289-297.
EcoReference No.: 72767
Chemical of Concern:
AZ,CPY,CYP,PSM,MLN,MP,MOM,AMZ,PRN,PIM,CPYM,FNV,MVP,DM,PSM; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MLN,CYP,AZ),TARGET(MOM,MP,FNV)TARGETCPYM.
117. Buntin, G. D. (1992). Aphid Control in Winter Canola Using Foliar Insecticides, 1991.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 186 (19F).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 89372
Chemical of Concern: MLN,ES,DS,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK TARGET,NO CROP(MLN,DMT).
118. Buntin, G. D. (1998). Comparison of Foliar-Applied Insecticides for Aphid Control in Rosette and
Flowering Canola. In: G.D.Buntin (Ed.), Res.Bull.No.435, Assessment of Crop Protectants for Use in
Canola, Univ.of Ga., Athens, GA 18-24.
EcoReference No.: 73094
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,ES,DMT,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DMT,PMR),TARGET(MLN).
119. Burbank, S. E. and Snell, T. W. (1994). Rapid Toxicity Assessment Using Esterase Biomarkers in
Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera). Environ.Toxicol.Water Qual. 9: 171-178 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReferenceNo.: 16059
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,CuCl,HgC12,Cd,NaPCP,PL,AMSV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BCM,MOR,REP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,CuCl,NaPCP,AMSV),OK(ALL
CHEMS).
120. Burridge, M. J., Peter, T. F., Allan, S. A., and Mahan, S. M. (2002). Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy
of Acaricides for Control of the African Tortoise Tick (Amblyomma marmoreum) on Leopard
Tortoises (Geochelone pardalis). J.Zoo Wildl.Med. 33: 52-57.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71543
Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CBL,CPY,CYF,FPN,HCCH,PMR,PTR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(AMZ,CBL,FPN,HCCH,PMR,PTR),OKTARGET(CYF).
121. Bushnell, P. J., Moser, V. C., and Samsam, T. E. (2001). Comparing Cognitive and Screening Tests for
Neurotoxicity: Effects of Acute Chlorpyrifos on Visual Signal Detection and a Neurobehavioral Test
Battery in Rats. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 23: 33-44.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92571
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
122. Bustillo P, A. E., Villalba G., D., Orozco H., J., Benavides M., P., Reyes A., I. C., and Chaves C., B.
(1995). Integrated Pest Management to Control the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei, in
Colombia. Colloq.Sci.Int.CafefC.R.] Kyoto, Japan, April 9-14, 1995.SOOp.(Vol. 1); 426p.(Vol.2)
Association Scientifique Internationale Du Cafe Asic): Paris, France.Isbn 2-900212-15-4.; 0 (0 2:
671-680.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
123. Byrne, F. J. and Toscano, N. C. (2001). An Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase Confers Resistance to
Methomyl in the Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 94:
524-528.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58604
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(CPY),OKTARGET(MOM),TARGET(CPY).
124. Byrne, F. J. and Toscano, N. C. (2000). Levels of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticide
Resistance Conferred by Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in the Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua
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(Hubner). Proc.Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2: 1006-1008.
EcoReference No.: 76827
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(MOM,CPY).
125. Cabrera, A. R., Cloyd, R. A., and Zaborski, E. R. (2004). Effects of Greenhouse Pesticides on the Soil-
Dwelling Predatory Mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) Under
Laboratory Conditions. J.Econ.Entomol. 97: 793-799.
EcoReference No.: 86444
Chemical of Concern: MFX,FSTAI,CPY,DCF,PYX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,GRO;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
126. Cairns, M. A., Maguire, C. C., Williams, B. A., and Bennett, J. K. (1991). Brain Cholinesterase
Activity of Bobwhite Acutely Exposed to Chlorpyrifos. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 10: 657-664.
EcoReference No.: 35076
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
127. Campbell, B. C. and Denno, R. F. (1976). The Effect of Temephos and Chlorpyrifos on the Aquatic
Insect Community of a New Jersey Salt Marsh. Environ.Entomol. 5: 477-483.
EcoReference No.: 6310
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(ABT).
128. Carlson, R. W., Bradbury, S. P., Drummond, R. A., and Hammermeister, D. E. (1998). Neurological
Effects on Startle Response and Escape from Predation by Medaka Exposed to Organic Chemicals.
Aquat.Toxicol. 43: 51-68.
EcoReference No.: 20097
Chemical of Concern: NP,ES,CBL,24DXY,STCH,PL,C80H,CPY,FNV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBL,C80H),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO
CONTROL(FNV).
129. Carr, R. L., Straus, D. L., and Chambers, J. E. (1995). Inhibition and Aging of Channel Catfish Brain
Acetylcholinesterase Following Exposure to Two Phosphorothionate Insecticides and Their Active
Metabolites. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 45: 325-336.
EcoReference No.: 67666
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY,CPYO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO).
130. Carter, F. L. (1971). 'In Vivo' Studies of Brain Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Organophosphate
and Carbamate Insecticides in Fish. Ph.D.Thesis, Louisiana State Univ.and Agric.and Mechanical
College, LA 202 p. (Publ in Part As 942).
EcoReference No.: 14034
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MOM,CBF,AZ,ADC,DCTP,MP,MLN,CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BCM.GRO.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(AZ,CBL,CBF,MOM,ADC,MLN,MP,CPY).
131. Carvajal, F., Sanchez-Amate, M. C., Sanchez-Santed, F., and Cubero, I. (2005). Neuroanatomical
Targets of the Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos by c-fos Immunolabeling. Toxicol.Sci. 84: 360-367.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 80515
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.GRO.PHY.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
132. Castle, S. J., Toscano, N. C., Prabhaker, N, Henneberry, T. J., and Palumbo, J. C. (2002). Field
Evaluation of Different Insecticide Use Strategies as Resistance Management and Control Tactics for
Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Bull.Entomol.Res. 92:449-460.
EcoReferenceNo.: 81336
Chemical of Concern: BFT,AMZ,CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(BFT),OK(AMZ,ES),OK TARGET(CPY).
133. Castro, B. A., Riley, T. J., Torrey, K. D., and Leonard, B. R. (1999). Chinch Bug Management in
Grain Sorghum Using Foliar Insecticides, 1998. ArthropodManag.Tests 24: 281 (F100).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88061
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,CYH,CPY,DM,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(CBF,CYH,IMC,DM),OK TARGET(CYF,CPY).
134. Cetin, H., Yanikoglu, A., Kocak, 0., and Cilek, J. E. (2006). Evaluation of Temephos and
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae in Septic Tanks in Antalya,
Turkey. J.Med.Entomol. 43: 1195-1199.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88072
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: TARGET
(CPYM).
135. Cetin, N., Cetin, E., Eraslan, G., and Bilgili, A. (2007). Chlorpyrifos Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in
Rabbits. Res.Vet.Sci. 82: 405-408.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92599
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
136. Chalfant, R. B. (1997). Control of Lepidopterous Pests, 1991. Arthropod Manag.Tests 22: 88 (9E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 83124
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EFV,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code:
EFFICACY(EFV,PMR,CPY).
137. Chalfant, R. B. (1997). Laboratory Bioassays of Insecticides Against the Cabbage Looper. In:
C.R.Saxena, Arthropod Management Tests, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 22: 413.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82480
Chemical of Concern: DKGNa,CYH,ACP,MOM,CPY,DKGNa,MTM,EFV,ES,PMR; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ACP,DKGNa,CYH,MOM,CPY,DKGNa,MTM,EFV,ES,PMR),OK(ALLCHEMS).
138. Chalfant, R. B., Hall, M. R., Johnson, A. W., Seal, D. R., and Bondari, L. C. (1992). Effects of
Application Methods, Timing, and Rates of Insecticides and Nematicides on Yield and Control of
Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and Nematodes (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) that Affect Sweet
Potato. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 878-887.
EcoReferenceNo.: 85644
Chemical of Concern: DZ,PRN,FNF,EP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,CONTROL(DZ),TARGET(CPY).
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139. Chamberlin, J. R. and All, J. N. (1991). Grain Sorghum Response to Fall Armyworm and Corn
Earworm Infestation. J.Econ.Entomol. 84: 619-624.
EcoReference No.: 73708
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(MOM),EFFICACY(CPY).
140. Chambers, H., Brown, B., and Chambers, J. E. (1990). Noncatalytic Detoxication of Six
Organophosphorus Compounds by Rat Liver Homogenates. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 36: 308-315.
EcoReference No.: 91395
Chemical of Concern: MP,PRN,CPY,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MP,CPY,CPYM).
141. Chambers, J. E. and Carr, R. L. (1993). Inhibition Patterns of Brain Acetylcholinesterase and Hepatic
and Plasma Aliesterases Following Exposures to Three Phosphorothionate Insecticides and Their
Oxons in Rats. Fundam.Appl. Toxicol. 21: 111-119.
EcoReference No.: 91393
Chemical of Concern: PRN,MP,MPO,CPY,CYPO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MP,MPO,CPY,CYPO).
142. Chan, V., Stapleton, A., Soto, A., Yu, K., and Del Raso, N. (2007). Identification of Gene Expression
Changes in Whole Blood Indicative of Exposure to Chemicals with Different Target Organ Toxicity.
Rep., Alion Sci.Techonol.Corp., Dayton, OH 9: 16 p. (NTIS 00510035).
EcoReference No.: 92566
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
143. Chandler, K. J. and Erbacher, J. P. (1997). Susceptibility of Canegrubs to the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos.
Proc.Conf.Aust.Soc.Sugar Cane Technol. 19: 118-126.
EcoReference No.: 72321
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO; Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
144. Chandler, L. D. and Ruberson, J. R. (1994). Comparative Toxicity of Four Commonly-used
Insecticides to Field-collected Beet Armyworm Larvae from the Southeastern United States. Proc.-
Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2: 860-864.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
145. Chandrakar, H. K., Dubey, A. K., and Kaushik, U. K. (1993). Performance of Some Common
Insecticides Against Dactynotus compositae (Theobold) on Safflower. J.Insect Sci. 6: 156-157.
EcoReference No.: 89147
Chemical of Concern: CYP,PPHD,DEM,DMT,MLN,ES,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(DMT,MLN,CPY,CYP).
146. Chandrasekara, L. W. H. U. and Pathiratne, A. (2007). Body Size-Related Differences in the Inhibition
of Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by
Chlorpyrifos and Carbosulfan. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 67: 109-119.
EcoReference No.: 92620
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
-------
CODED(CPY).
147. Chang, V. C. S. and Lange, W. H. (1967). Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Selected Pesticides for
Control of the Red Crayfish in California Rice Fields. J.Econ.Entomol. 60: 473-477.
EcoReference No.: 4678
Chemical of Concern: FNTH,MP,CPY,PRN,DLD,CBL,Captan,THM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBL,MP),OK(FNTH,PRN,DLD,THM),NO
ENDPOINT(Captan).
148. Chaudhry, A. and Anand, P. K. (2005). Evaluation of the Mutagenic Potential of Chlorpyrifos (CPF)
Using Polytene Chromosomes of Anopheles Mosquito. J.Environ.Biol. 26: 145-150.
EcoReference No.: 86588
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
149. Childers, C. C. (1990). Combination Studies of Selected Acaricides with Zineb, Mancozeb, or
Carbamate for Mite Control on Citrus. Int.J.Acarol. 16: 27-36.
EcoReference No.: 90814
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Zineb,MZB,DCF,ETN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MZB),OK(TARGET-CPY).
150. Childers, C. C., Aguilar, H., Villanueva, R., and Abou-Setta, M. M. (2001). Comparative Residual
Toxicities of Pesticides to the Predator Euseius mesembrinus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Citrus in
Florida. Fla.Entomol. 84: 391-401 .
EcoReference No.: 78987
Chemical of Concern:
DFZ,ALSV,ETN,PRB,CBL,FTT,FO,CPY,DCF,CuOH,DMT,AZD,CuS,FMB,BMY,MLN,PPG,FNB,C
FP,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(CuOH,CuS,FNB,BMY,FBM,CPY,PRB,CBL,FTT,FO,DCF,AZD),TARGET(DMT,MLN,AZ,CBL
),NO MIXTURE(ETN),TARGET(CPY).
151. Childers, C. C., Villanueva, R., Aguilar, H., Chewning, R., and Michaud, J. P. (2001). Comparative
Residual Toxicities of Pesticides to the Predator Agistemus industani (Acari: Stigmaeidae) on Citrus
in Florida. Exp.Appl.Acarol. 25: 461-474.
EcoReference No.: 78988
Chemical of Concern:
DFZ,ALSV,ETN,PRB,CBL,FTT,FO,CPY,DCF,CuOH,AZD,CuS,FBM,BMY,MLN,PPG,FNB,CFP;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(DFZ,PRB,FTT,FO,CPY,DCF,AZD,CuS,FBM,BMY,PPG,FNB,CFP),NO
MIXTURE(ALSV,ETN,CuOH),OKTARGET(CBL,MLN),TARGET(CPY).
152. Chindah, A. C., Sikoki, F. D., and Vincent-Akpu, I. (2004). Toxicity of an Organophosphate Pesticide
(Chloropyrifos) on a Common Niger Delta Wetland Fish-Tilapia guineensis (Blecker 1862).
J.Appl.Sci.Environ.Manag. 8: 11-17.
EcoReference No.: 86905
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Choo, H. Y., Kim, H. H., and Kaya, H. K. (1998). Effects of Selected Chemical Pesticides on
Agamermis unka (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a Parasite of the Brown Plant Hopper, Nilaparvata lugens.
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BiocontrolSci.Technol. 8: 413-427.
EcoReference No.: 63774
Chemical of Concern: DZ,FNT,CPY,BPZ,CBF,FNTH,IMC,EFX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ),OK TARGET(CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS)JARGET(CPY).
154. Cisneros, J., Goulson, D., Derwent, L. C., Penagos, D. I., Hernandez, 0., and Williams, T. (2002).
Toxic Effects of Spinosad on Predatory Insects. Biol.Contr. 23: 156-163.
EcoReference No.: 93079
Chemical of Concern: CPY,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY).
155. Given, M, Brown, C. B., and Morin, R. J. (1977). Effects of Organophosphate Insecticides on Adrenal
Cholesteryl Ester and Steroid Metabolism. Biochem.Pharmacol. 26: 1901-1907.
EcoReference No.: 36173
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO.BEH.BCM; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
156. Clark, J. R., Patrick, J. M. Jr., Middaugh, D. P., and Moore, J. C. (1985). Relative Sensitivity of Six
Estuarine Fishes to Carbophenothion, Chlorpyrifos,and Fenvalerate. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 10: 382-
390.
EcoReference No.: 11427
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
157. Clarke, S. R., DeBarr, G. L., and Berisford, C. W. (1988). Differential Susceptibility of Toumeyella
pini (King) (Homoptera: Coccidae) to Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Insecticides: A Factor in
Outbreaks in Southern Pine Seed Orchards. J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 1443-1445.
EcoReference No.: 93001
Chemical of Concern: ACP,MLN,AZ,CPY,FNV,PMR,FVL,BFT,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ACP,MLN,AZ,CPY,FNV,PMR,FVL,BFT,EFV).
158. Clemens, C. G., Fitzpatrick, B. J., Boyd, M. L., Mascarenhas, R. N, Boethel, D. J., Cook, D., and
Burris, G. (1997). Bean Leaf Beetle and Soybean Looper Control on Soybean, 1996. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 22: 310 (123F).
EcoReference No.: 91336
Chemical of Concern: TDC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(TDC,CPY).
159. Clements, R. 0., Asteraki, E., and Jackson, C. A. (1988). A Method to Study the Effects of
Chlorpyrifos on Predatory Ground Beetles in Grassland. In: M.P. Greaves, B.D.Smith, and P. W.Greig-
Smith (Eds.), Field Methods for the Study of Environmental Effects of Pesticides, Proc.Symp., British
Crop Protection Council, Churchill College, March 28-30, 1988, Cambridge, UK, Field Methods for
the Study of 167-174.
EcoReference No.: 48294
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
160. Clements, R. 0., Bentley, B. R., and Jackson, C. A. (1986). The Impact of Granular Formulations of
Phorate, Terbufos, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan and Thiofanox on Newly Sown Italian Ryegrass (Lolium
multiflorum). Crop Prot. 5: 389-394.
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EcoReference No.: 79049
Chemical of Concern: PRT,CBF,CPY,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PRT,CPY),OK(CBF).
161. Clements, R. 0., Bentley, B. R., and Murray, P. J. (1992). Differential Reaction of Newly-Sown
Ryegrass (Lolium spp.) Cultivars to Insecticide Treatments. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 13: 78-79.
EcoReference No.: 74580
Chemical of Concern: ADC,CBF,CPY,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ADC,CBF,CPY),NO ENDPOINT(PRT).
162. Clifford, M. A., Eder, K. J., Werner, I., and Hedrick, R. P. (2005). Synergistic Effects of Esfenvalerate
and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus on Juvenile Chinook Salmon Mortality.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24: 1766-1772.
EcoReference No.: 81331
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EF V; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(EFV,CPY).
163. Cockfield, S. D. and Potter, D. A. (1983). Short-Term Effects of Insecticidal Applications on
Predaceous Arthropods and Oribatid Mites in Kentucky Bluegrass Turf. Environ.Entomol. 12: 1260-
1264.
EcoReference No.: 36204
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BDC,TCF,IFP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
164. Cohen, H., Horowitz, A. R., Nestel, D., and Rosen, D. (1996). Susceptibility of the Woolly Apple
Aphid Parasitoid, Aphelinus mali (Hym.: Aphelinidae), to Common Pesticides Used in Apple
Orchards in Israel. Entomophaga 41: 225-233 .
EcoReference No.: 72045
Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code:
TARGET(AZ,CPY).
165. Collins, P. J. (1990). A New Resistance to Pyrethroids in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Pestic.Sci.
28: 101-115.
EcoReference No.: 93114
Chemical of Concern:
SMT,MTPN,MLN,CPYM,BRSM,CBL,CYF,PPB,TBF,CYP,FNV,FVL,CYH,DM,FNT,CYT,PIRM;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP: Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(TBF,PPB),OK
TARGET(SMT,MTPN,CPYM,BRSM,CBL,CYF,CYP,FNV,FVL).
166. Colombo, A., Orsi, F., and Bonfanti, P. (2005). Exposure to the Organophosphorus Pesticide
Chlorpyrifos Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Affects Muscular Integrity in Xenopus laevis
Larvae. Chemosphere 61: 1665-1671.
EcoReference No.: 93533
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
167. Cometa, M. F., Buratti, F. M., Fortuna, S., Lorenzini, P., Volpe, M. T., Parisi, L., Testai, E., and
Meneguz, A. (2007). Cholinesterase Inhibition and Alterations of Hepatic Metabolism by Oral Acute
and Repeated Chlorpyrifos Administration to Mice. Toxicology 234: 90-102.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 93364
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO.PHY; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
168. Cooney, J. C. and Pickard, E. (1974). Field Tests with Abate and Dursban Insecticides for Control of
Floodwater Mosquitoes in the Tennessee Valley Region. Mosq.News 34: 12-22.
EcoReference No.: 4224
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: POP .MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
169. Cooper, L. P. (1992). Control of Black Field Earwig, Nala lividipes (Dufour), in Beetroot Seedlings.
PlantProt.Q. 7: 112-113.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89240
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(TDC,CPY),OK(CYP).
170. Cooper, N. L. and Bidwell, J. R. (2006). Cholinesterase Inhibition and Impacts on Behavior of the
Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea, After Exposure to an Organophosphate Insecticide. Aquat.Toxicol.
76: 258-267.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89740
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
171. Cripe, G. M, Hansen, D. J., MaCauley, S. F., and Forester, J. (1986). Effects of Diet Quantity on
Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) During Early Life-Stage Exposures to Chlorpyrifos.
In: T.M.Poston andR.Purdy (Eds.), Aquatic Toxicology and Environmental Fate, 9th Volume, ASTM
STP 921, Philadelphia, PA 450-460.
EcoReference No.: 7769
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
172. Crommentuijn, T., Connie, J. A. M., Doodeman, A. D., and van, Gestel (1997). Life-table Study with
the Springtail Folsomia Candida (Willem) Exposed to Cadmium, Chlorpyrifos and Triphenyltin
Hydroxide. In: N.M. Van Straalen andH.Lokke (Eds.), Ecological Risk Assessment of Contaminants in
Soil, Chapman and Hall, London 275-291.
EcoReference No.: 48438
Chemical of Concern: Cd,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP. MOR; Rejection Code: No
Media:Flt, Om, Ph,TARGET(CPY).
173. Crommentuijn, T., Staab, J. A., Doornekamp, A., Estoppey, 0., and Van Gestel, C. A. M. (1995).
Comparative Ecotoxicity of Cadmium, Chlorpyrifos and Triphenyltin Hydroxide for Four Clones of
the Parthenogenetic Collembolan Folsomia Candida in an Artificial Soil. Funct.Ecol. 9: 734-742.
EcoReference No.: 40227
Chemical of Concern: Cd,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. GRO.REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
174. Cross, J. V. (1997). Susceptibility of the Summer Fruit Tortrix Moth, Adoxophyes orana (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae), to Chlorpyrifos and Strategies for Insecticidal Control in Orchards. Ann.Appl.Biol. 131:
197-212.
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EcoReference No.: 63259
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
175. Cross, J. V. and Berrie, A. M. (1994). Effects of Repeated Foliar Sprays of Insecticides or Fungicides
on Organophosphate-Resistant Strains of the Orchard Predatory Mite Typhlodromus pyri on Apple.
CropProt. 13: 39-44.
EcoReference No.: 90375
Chemical of Concern: Captan,CYP,PIRM,CPY,CBL,BMY,TPM,Zn,Maneb,MZB,DINO; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(Captan,MZB),OK(DINO,TPM,BMY),OK
TARGET(CYP,PIRM,CPY,CBL),NOMLXTURE(Maneb,Zn).
176. Cross, J. V. and Berrie, A. M. (1996). Further Field Evaluation of the Effects of Repeated Foliar
Sprays of Insecticides or Fungicides Alone and in Admixture on an Organophosphate-Resistant Strain
of the Orchard Predatory Mite Typhlodromus pyri on Apple. Crop Prot. 15: 637-639.
EcoReference No.: 93279
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,MZB,TPM,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(MZB),TARGET(CBL,CPY).
177. Csinos, A. S. (1989). Targeting Fungicides for Control of Southern Stem Rot on Peanut. Plant Dis.
73: 723-726.
EcoReference No.: 70314
Chemical of Concern: EP,DCZ,FTL,PNB,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
178. Curtis, J. E. and Home, P. A. (1995). Effect of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin Applications on Non-
Target Invertebrates in a Conservation-Tillage Crop. J.Aust.Entomol.Soc. 34: 229-231.
EcoReference No.: 77054
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CYP),OK TARGET(CPY),NO COC(PMR).
179. Daglish, G. J. (1998). Efficacy of Six Grain Protectants Applied Alone or in Combination Against
Three Species of Coleoptera. J.StoredProd.Res. 34: 263-268.
EcoReference No.: 63788
Chemical of Concern: PRIM,CPYM,FNT,DM,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection Code:
NOMIXTURE(PPB),ENDPOINT(PRIM,FNT,DM),OKTARGET(CPYM),TARGET(CPY).
180. Daglish, G. J., Hall, E. A., Zorzetto, M. J., Lambkin, T. M., and Erbacher, J. M. (1993). Evaluation of
Protectants for Control of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Navybeans
(Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)). J.Stored Prod.Res. 29: 215-219.
EcoReference No.: 70523
Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNT,PIRM,PMR,DM,CPYM,BRSM,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,REP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(BRSM),OK(ALL
CHEMS),TARGET(CBL,MLN,CPYM).
181. Dahiya, K. K., Lakra, R. K., Dahiya, A. S., and Singh, S. P. (1994). Bioefficacy of Some Insecticides
Against Citrus psylla, Diaphorina cirri Kuw. (Psyllidae: Homoptera). Crop Res. 8: 137-140.
EcoReference No.: 89880
Chemical of Concern: OXD,DMT,C YP,CP Y,DDT,HCCH,DDVP,DCM,ES,FNV,MLN,PPHD;
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Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection Code: OK(CPY,DDT,DDVP,DCM,PPHD),OK
TARGET(OXD,DMT,CYP,MLN,ES),NOMIXTURE(HCCH),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
182. Darwazeh, H. A. and Mulla, M. S. (1974). Toxicity of Herbicides and Mosquitoe Larvicides to the
Mosquito Fish Gambusia affinis. Mosq.News 34: 214-219 (Also Used ECOREF 2131, 2894) (Author
Communication Used).
EcoReference No.: 6210
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,PMT,SZ,PPZ.PRO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO CONTROL(SZ,ATZ),ENDPOINT(PRO,PPZ).
183. Davidson, M. M., Cilgi, T., Petersen, M. K., Wratten, S. D., and Frampton, C. (1997). Resilience of
Springtail (Collembola) Populations in Farmland Following Exposure to Insecticides.
Aust.J.Ecotoxicol. 3: 99-108.
EcoReference No.: 63803
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
184. Day, K. E. and Scott, I. M. (1990). Use of Acetylcholinesterase Activity to Detect Sublethal Toxicity
in Stream Invertebrates Exposed to Low Concentrations of Organophosphate Insecticides.
Aquat.Toxicol. 18: 101-113.
EcoReference No.: 3549
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY,FNT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,AZ),OK(FNT).
185. De Maeyer, L., Peeters, D., Wijsmuller, J. M., Cantoni, A., Brueck, E., and Heibges, S. (2002).
Spirodiclofen: A Broad-Spectrum Acaricide with Insecticidal Properties: Efficacy on Psylla pyri and
Scales Lepidosaphes ulmi and Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. In: BCPC Conf.- Pests & Diseases, Bayer
Crop Science, Brussels Belguim 1: 65-72.
EcoReference No.: 76036
Chemical of Concern: SDF,IMC,CPY,PHSL,AMZ,TAP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(SDF),OK(AMZ,TAP),NO
CONTROL(PHSL),MIXTURE(CPY,IMC),TARGET(CPY).
186. De Mel, G. W. J. L. M. V. T. M. and Pathiratne, A. (2005). Toxicity Assessment of Insecticides
Commonly Used in Rice Pest Management to the Fry of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, a Food Fish
Culturable in Rice Fields. J.Appl.Ichthyol. 21: 146-150.
EcoReference No.: 87858
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,CPY,DMT).
187. De Silva, P. M. C. S. and Samayawardhena, L. A. (2005). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Reproductive
Performances of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Chemosphere 58: 1293-1299.
EcoReference No.: 80955
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,REP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
188. De Silva, P. M. C. S. and Samayawardhena, L. A. (2002). Low Concentrations of Lorsban in Water
Result in Far Reaching Behavioral and Histological Effects in Early Life Stages in Guppy.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 53: 248-254.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 72831
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.PHY.CEL; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
189. Deacon, M. M, Murray, J. S., Pilny, M. K., Rao, K. S., Dittenber, D. A., Hanley, T. R. Jr., and John, J.
A. (1980). Embryotoxicity and Fetotoxicity of Orally Administered Chlorpyrifos in Mice.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 54: 31-40.
EcoReference No.: 93131
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
190. DeLorenzo, M. E. and Serrano, L. (2003). Individual and Mixture Toxicity of Three Pesticides;
Atrazine, Chlorpyrifos, and Chlorothalonil to the Marine Phytoplankton Species Dunaliella tertiolecta.
J.Environ.Sci.HealthPartB38: 529-538.
EcoReferenceNo.: 81619
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,CTN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CTN,ATZ,CPY).
191. Delpuech, J. M., Froment, B., Fouillet, P., Pompanon, F., Janillon, S., and Bouletreau, M. (1998).
Inhibition of Sex Pheromone Communications of Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera) by the
Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 17: 1107-1113.
EcoReference No.: 48629
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
192. Delpuech, J. M., Gareau, E., Terrier, 0., and Fouillet, P. (1998). Sublethal Effects of the Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos on the Sex Pheromonal Communication of Trichogramma brassicae. Chemosphere 36:
1775-1785.
EcoReference No.: 48628
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
193. Delpuech, J. M. and Meyet, J. (2003). Reduction in the Sex Ratio of the Progeny of a Parasitoid Wasp
(Trichogramma brassicae) Surviving the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45:
203-208.
EcoReferenceNo.: 70213
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
194. Dembele, K., Haubruge, E., and Gaspar, C. (2000). Concentration Effects of Selected Insecticides on
Brain Acetylcholinesterase in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 45: 49-
54.
EcoReference No.: 48634
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CBF,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DZ,CBF,CPY).
195. Dennehy, T. J., Taft, T. N, and Crowe, H. J. (1987). Performance of Insecticides for Grape Berry
Moth, (GBM) 1985. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 79 (075).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88518
Chemical of Concern: MP,FPP,BFT,PRN,CYF,CPY,CYT,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
PHY,REP,POP; Rejection Code: EFFICACY(CYF,BFT,MP,CBL).
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196. Depew, L. J. (1988). Suppression of Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Sunflower with
Selected Insecticides. J.Kam.Entomol.Soc. 61: 235-237 .
EcoReference No.: 91616
Chemical of Concern: MP,CYH,CYF,CBF,CPY,FNV,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MP,CYF,CPY,FNV,EFV).
197. Desneux, N., Rafalimanana, H., and Kaiser, L. (2004). Dose-Response Relationship in Lethal and
Behavioural Effects of Different Insecticides on the Parasitic Wasp Aphidius ervi. Chemosphere 54:
619-627.
EcoReference No.: 72495
Chemical of Concern: PIM,CPY,TZM,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PIM,TZM,LCYT).
198. Di Martino, E. and Romeo, M. (1987). Effects of the Distribution of Chlorpyrifos on the Lemon. In:
R.Cavalloro and E.Di Martino (Eds.), Integrated Pest Control in Citrus Groves, Experts' Meeting,
March 26-29, 1985, Ariceale, Italy 455-458.
EcoReference No.: 64642
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
199. Diamantino, T. C., Ribeiro, R., Goncalves, F., and Scares, A. M. V. M. (1998). METIER (Modular
Ecotoxicity Tests Incorporating Ecological Relevance) for Difficult Substances. 5. Chlorpyrifos
Toxicity to Daphnia magna in Static, Semi-static, and Flow-Through Conditions.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 61: 433-439 .
EcoReference No.: 19813
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,REP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
200. Dimitrov, B. and Gadeva, P. (1998). Genotoxic Effects of Five Pesticides in Crepis capillaris Root
Meristem Cells . Prog.Bot.Res.Proc.Balk.Bot.Congr., 1st Meeting Date 1997, Editor(s): Tsekos,
loannes; Moustakas, Michael.Publisher: Kluwer, Dordrecht, Neth.CODEN: 67UVAG 477-480.
EcoRef erence No.: 93362
Chemical of Concern: CPY,LNR,DQTBr; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
201. Dimitrov, B. and Gadeva, P. (1997). Genotoxicity Studies on the Insecticide Dursban in Root
Meristem Cells of Crepis capillaris L. Environ.Exp.Bot. 37: 199-209.
EcoReference No.: 64643
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
202. Dixon, R. D. and Brust, R. A. (1971). Field Testing of Insecticides Used in Mosquito Control, and a
Description of the Bioassay Technique Used in Temporary Pools. J.Econ.Entomol. 64: 11-14.
EcoReference No.: 2813
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MXC,FNTH,PPX,DDT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MLN),OK(ALL CHEMS).
Djam, J. C. andFocks, D. A. (1983). Susceptibility of Toxorhynchites amboinensis and Aedes aegypti
to Several Adulticides Currently Used for Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 43: 471-473.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 61580
Chemical of Concern: MLN,Naled,FNTH,CPY,RSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: TARGET(MLN,Naled,CPY,RSM).
204. Doerr, M. D., Brunner, J. F., and Schrader, L. E. (2004). Integrated Pest Management Approach for a
New Pest, Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Washington Apple Orchards. Pest
Manag.Sci. 60: 1025-1034.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82540
Chemical of Concern:
EMMB,MFZ,TUZ,CBL,TDC,MOM,ES,TMX,ACT,TAP,SS,AZD,AZ,CPY,PSM,MLN,IDC,EFV,KL
N; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ALL
CHEMS),TARGET(CPY).
205. Doran, W. J., Cope, W. G., Rada, R. G., and Sandheinrich, M. B. (2001). Acetylcholinesterase
Inhibition in the Threeridge Mussel (Amblema plicata) by Chlorpyrifos: Implications for
Biomonitoring. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 49: 91-98.
EcoReferenceNo.: 61845
Availability: UR
Number of Volumes: WATER,AQUA
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
206. Doss, M. and Berberet, R. (1992). Early Season Insect Control in Alfalfa, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests
17: 173 (IF).
EcoReference No.: 79777
Chemical of Concern: BFT,CYF,CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CYF,BFT),EFFICACY(CPY),OK(CBF).
207. Dow Chemical Co. (2000). The Clinical Toxicity of Dursban in the Dog After Multiple Applications
of an Aerosol Formulation (Final Report) with Cover Sheet Dated 121668. EPA/OTS Doc.#86-
890001108s 21 p. (NTIS/OTS 0520248).
EcoReferenceNo.: 93326
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.CEL.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
208. Dowd, P. F., Pingel, R. L., Ruhl, D., Shasha, B. S., Behle, R. W., Penland, D. R., McGuire, M. R., and
Faron II, E. J. (2000). Multiacreage Evaluation of Aerially Applied Adherent Malathion Granules for
Selective Insect Control and Indirect Reduction of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Specialty Corn.
J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 1424-1428.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58558
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK
TARGET(MLN,CPY).
209. Dregseth, R. J., Boetel, M. A., Schroeder, A. J., Carlson, R. B., and Armstrong, J. S. (2003). Oat Cover
Cropping and Soil Insecticides in an Integrated Sugarbeet Root Maggot (Diptera: Otitidae)
Management Program. J.Econ.Entomol. 96: 1426-1432.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86449
Chemical of Concern: TBO,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
COC(CTN),EFFICACY(CPY).
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210. Durairaj, C., Babu, P. C. S., and Venugopal, M. S. (1989). Toxicity of Insecticides on Rice Gall-Midge
(Orseolia oryzae) and Its Parasitoid (Platygaster oryzae). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 59: 683-684.
EcoReference No.: 73023
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
211. Duso, C., Camporese, P., and VanderGeest, L. P. S. (1992). Toxicity of a Number of Pesticides to
Strains of Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Entomophaga 37:
363-372.
EcoReference No.: 73088
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CBL,ACP,AZ,CPY,MDT,MOM,DM,CPYM,FNT,TCF,CBL; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR,REP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ACP,AZ,CBL),TARGET(MOM, CPYM).
212. Dynamac Corporation (1988). Results of the Locust Pesticide Testing Trials in Sudan. Technical
Report. USAID Contract No.AFR-0517-C-00-7035-00,Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD 50 p.
EcoReference No.: 81907
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,TLM,CBL,BDC,CPY,DZ,FNT,MLN,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,ACC,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ADC,CBL,MLN,CPY),NO
ENDPOINT(DZ),OK(FNT).
213. Eason, C. T., Svendsen, C., O'Halloran, K., and Weeks, J. M. (1999). An Assessment of the Lysosomal
Neutral Red Retention Test and Immune Function Assay in Earthworms (Eisenia andrei) Following
Exposure to Chlorpyrifos, Benzo-a-Pyrene (BaP), and Contaminated Soil. Pedobiologia 43: 641-645.
EcoReference No.: 71160
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PAH,BAP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
214. Easterbrook, M. A. (1984). Effects of Pesticides on the Apple Rust Mite Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.)
(Eriophyidae). J.Hortic.Sci. 59: 51-55.
EcoReference No.: 71031
Chemical of Concern: EN,CBL,CPY,DFZ,PIRM,MZB,PHSL,DCF,FPP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: OK(MZB),TARGET(CBL,CPY).
215. Easterbrook, M. A. (1997). The Phenology of Lygus rugulipennis, the European Tarnished Plant Bug,
on Late-Season Strawberries, and Control with Insecticides. Ann.Appl.Biol. 131: 1-10.
EcoReference No.: 89190
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,CYP,BFT,TCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(TCF),OKTARGET(MLN,CPY,CYP,BFT).
216. Eaton, J., Arthur, J., Hermanutz, R., Kiefer, R., Mueller, L., Anderson, R., Erickson, R., and Nordling,
B. (1985). Biological Effects of Continuous and Intermittent Dosing of Outdoor Experimental Streams
with Chlorpyrifos. In: R.C.Banner and D.J.Hansen (Eds.), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard
Assessment, 8th Symposium, ASTMSTP 891, Philadelphia, PA 85-118.
EcoReference No.: 7658
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH,POP,GRO,BCM,ACC,REP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
217. Edelson, J. V. and Peters, M. (1997). Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Collards, 1996. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 22: 119 (39E).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 92317
Chemical of Concern: FPN,LCYT,CPY,DZ,MXC,CBL,IMC,TDC,DMT,ES,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(FPN,CPY,DZ,CBL,TDC,DMT,PMR).
218. Eder, K. J., Kohler, H. R., and Werner, I. (2007). Pesticide and Pathogen: Heat Shock Protein
Expression and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Juvenile Chinook Salmon in Response to Multiple
Stressors. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 26: 1233-1242.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91827
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EF V; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,EFV).
219. Eder, K. J., Leutenegger, C. M, Wilson, B. W., and Werner, I. (2004). Molecular and Cellular
Biomarker Responses to Pesticide Exposure in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha). Mar.Environ.Res. 58: 809-813.
EcoReferenceNo.: 81815
Chemical of Concern: EFV,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM,PHY; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(EFV,CPY).
220. Edge, V. E. and Casimir, M. (1976). Toxicity of Insecticides to Adult Australian Plague Locust,
Chortoicetes terminifera (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J.Aust.Entomol.Soc. 14: 321-326.
EcoReference No.: 70906
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,CBL,RSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(RSM,DZ,CBL,CPY).
221. Ehrich, M., Hancock, S., Ward, D., Holladay, S., Pung, T., Flory, L., Hinckley, J., and Jortner, B. S.
(2004). Neurologic and Immunologic Effects of Exposure to Corticosterone, Chlorpyrifos, and
Multiple Doses of Tri-Ortho-Tolyl Phosphate over a 28-Day Period in Rats. J. Toxicol.Environ.Health
Part A 61: 431-457 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 86773
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL.BEH.BCM.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
222. El-Elaimy, I. A., El-Dib, M. A., and Elowa, S. E. (1991). The In Vivo Senitivity of ATPase Enzymes
in Tissues of Fresh Water Teleost Exposed to Chorpyrifos or Lannate. J.Environ.Sci. 2: 17-31.
EcoReference No.: 75203
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(MOM,CPY).
223. El-Gazzar, L. M., Koehler, P. G., and Patterson, R. S. (1988). Factors Affecting the Susceptibility of
the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides felis Bouche to Chlorpyrifos. J.Agric.Entomol. 5: 127-130.
EcoReference No.: 63842
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
224. El-Refai, A., Fahmy, F. A., Abdel-Lateef, M. F. A., and Imam, A. K. E. (1976). Toxicity of Three
Insecticides to Two Species of Fish. Int.Pest Control 18: 4-8.
EcoReference No.: 6090
Chemical of Concern: EN,MOM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,ACC; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MOM).
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225. El-Sayed, G. N. and Knowles, C. 0. (1984). Synergism of Insecticide Activity to Heliothis zea
(Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Formanilides and Formamidines. J.Econ.Entomol. 77: 872-
875.
EcoReference No.: 78950
Chemical of Concern: CYP,FNL,MP,CPY,CBL,MOM,EN,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),NO COC(Br2),TARGET(CBL,MOM,MP,CPY).
226. Eliason, E. A. and Potter, D. A. (2000). Impact of Whole-Canopy and Systemic Insecticidal
Treatments on Callirhytis cornigera (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and Associated Parasitoids on Pin Oak.
J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 165-171.
EcoReference No.: 87491
Chemical of Concern: ACP,DCTP,IMC,DMT,ABM,CPY,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,POP,PHY; Rejection Code: TARGET (DMT),TARGET(CPY).
227. Elliott, R. H. (1988). Evaluation of Insecticides for Protection of Wheat Against Damage by the Wheat
Midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Can.Entomol. 120:615-626.
EcoReference No.: 92751
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,DMT,DM,CYP,MXC,CBF,MLN,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,GRO; Rejection Code: EFFICACY(CPY,PMR,DMT,CYP,CBF,MLN).
228. Elzen, G. W. (1992). Cotton Aphid Control, 1990. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 221-222 (58F).
EcoReference No.: 79272
Chemical of Concern: MP,ES,CPY,DS,CYF,MTM,BFT,ACP,EFV,OXD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(MTM,OXD),TARGET(MP,CPY).
229. Elzen, G. W. (1996). Evaluation of beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Tolerance to
Insecticides and Response to IGR's. Southwest.Entomol. 21: 127-133.
EcoReference No.: 68418
Chemical of Concern: AMZ,TLM,MOM,ACP,BFT,CPY,SPS,PFF,TDC,FYC,DFZ; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
230. Endlweber, K., Schadler, M, and Scheu, S. (2006). Effects of Foliar and Soil Insecticide Applications
on the Collembolan Community of an Early Set-Aside Arable Field. Appl.Soil Ecol. 31: 136-146.
EcoReference No.: 92146
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY,DMT).
231. Erman, M., Yardim, E. N., and Kulaz, H. (2005). Effect of Cultivars and Insecticides on Sitonid
Weevil, Sitona crinitus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and on Yield, Yield Components and Nodulation
of Lentil (Lens culinaris). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 75: 204-206.
EcoReference No.: 90694
Chemical of Concern: OXD,MLN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(OXD,CPY),OK TARGET,NO CROP(MLN).
232. Ester, A., De Putter, H., and Van Bilsen, J. G. P. M. (2003). Filmcoating the Seed of Cabbage
(Brassica oleracea L. convar. Capitata L.) and Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis L.) with
Imidacloprid and Spinosad to Control Insect Pests. Crop Prot. 22: 761-768.
EcoReference No.: 72837
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Chemical of Concern: SS,CPY,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY.REP; Rejection Code:
EFFICACY(CPY).
233. Eulitz, E. G. (1986). Initial Experiments in the Control of False Wireworm (Tenebrionidae) on
Tobacco Transplants. PhytophylacticalK: 115-119.
EcoReferenceNo.: 74106
Chemical of Concern: TLF,TVP,CBL,ACP,MOM,ES,DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,POP,BEH; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(DZ,ACP,CBL),TARGET(MOM,CPY).
234. Evans, E. S. Jr. (1976). Field Evaluation of the Extended Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of a Controlled-
Release Chlorpyrifos Polymer in a Woodland Pool Habitat. Entomological Special Study No.44-0364-
77, U.S.Army, Environ.Hyg.Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 19.
EcoReference No.: 10241
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
235. Fabacher, D. L., Kulkarni, A. P., and Hodgson, E. (1980). Pesticides as Inducers of Hepatic Drug-
Metabolizing Enzymes -1. Mixed Function Oxidase Activity. Gen.Pharmacol. 11: 429-435.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92612
Chemical of Concern: CHD,CPY,ES,MLN,PMR,24D,PPB,TFN,FNV,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: GRO.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,24D,TBF,FNV),OK(MLN,PMR,PPB).
236. Farag, A. T., El Okazy, A. M., and El-Aswed, A. F. (2003). Developmental Toxicity Study of
Chlorpyrifos in Rats. Reproduct.Toxicol. 17:203-208.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92585
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.REP.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
237. Federle, P. F. and Collins, W. J. (1976). Insecticide Toxicity to Three Insects from Ohio Ponds. Ohio
J.Sci. 76: 19-24.
EcoReference No.: 7775
Chemical of Concern: DDT,PRN,CBL,DDVP,PPX,MLN,DZ,AND,CPY,ATN,HCCH,DLD; Habitat:
A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MLN,CBL,DZ,ATN),OK(ALL
CHEMS).
238. Fenemore, P. G. (1969). Field Trial Results with Fensulfothion and Trichloronate for Control of Grass
Grub (Costelytra zealandica (White)). N.Z.J.Agric.Res. 12: 137-145.
EcoReferenceNo.: 49142
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH,DZ,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: Not
Ecossl Chem,TARGET(CPY).
239. Fernando, C., Cardona, D., Davila, E., and Sanchez-Santed, F. (2005). Long-Term Neurotoxicity of
Chlorpyrifos: Spatial Learning Impairment on Repeated Acquisition in a Water Maze. Toxicol.Sci.
85: 944-951.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80582
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.GRO.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
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240. Ferrando, M. D. and Andreu-Moliner, E. (1991). Acute Lethal Toxicity of Some Pesticides to
Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus plicatilis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 47: 479-484
(OECDG Data File).
EcoReference No.: 5139
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
241. Ferrando, M. D., Sancho, E., and Andreu-Moliner, E. (1991). Comparative Acute Toxicities of
Selected Pesticides to Anguilla anguilla. J.Environ.Sci.Health B26: 491-498.
EcoRef erence No.: 11055
Chemical of Concern: TCF,ES,FNT,CPY,DZ,HCCH,MDT,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,MP),OK(TCF,ES,FNT,HCCH,MDT).
242. Fish and Wildlife, Service (1967). Effects of Granular Application of Dursban on Some Estuary and
Salt Marsh Organisms. U.S.Fish. Wildl.Serv.Spec.Sci.Rep., U.S.D.I., Bur.Sport Fish. Wildl., Atlanta,
GA 34 p.
EcoRef erence No.: 13445
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
243. Fisher, G. C., Parsons, G. L., Williams, J., and Eickelberger, J. (1991 ). Control of European Crane Fly
Infesting Pasture, Tillamook, Oreg., 1989 and 1990. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 200-201 (93F).
EcoRef erence No.: 91915
Chemical of Concern: MP,CBL,ACP,CPY,DZ,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(MP,CBL,ACP,CPY,DZ,MLN).
244. Fisher, T. C., Crane, M., and Callaghan, A. (2000). An Optimized Microtiterplate Assay to Detect
Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Individual Chironomus riparius Meigen. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 19:
1749-1752.
EcoReference No.: 49204
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
245. Fitt, J. R. Jr. and Teetes, G. L. (1986). Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge on Sorghum, 1985.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 322 (406).
EcoReference No.: 87880
Chemical of Concern: CBL,DZ,PRN,CYH,CPY,ETN,DS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY;
Rejection Code: OK(DZ,DS),TARGET(CBL),EFFICACY(CPY).
246. Fitzgerald, Jean (2004). Laboratory Bioassays and Field Evaluation of Insecticides for the Control of
Anthonomus rubi, Lygus rugulipennis and Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, and Effects on Beneficial Species,
in UK Strawberry Production. Crop Prot. 23: 801-809.
EcoRef erence No.: 80219
Chemical of Concern: BPZ,PMZ,ACT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code:
OK(BPZ,PMZ,ACT),OK TARGET(CPY).
247. Floate, K. D., Elliott, R. H., Doane, J. F., and Gillott, C. (1989). Field Bioassay to Evaluate Contact
and Residual Toxicities of Insecticides to Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). J.Econ.Entomol.
82: 1543-1547.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 66145
Chemical of Concern: CBF,DM,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBF),TARGET (DMT,CPY).
248. Forsythe, H. Y. Jr. (1992). Apple Mite Control, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 3-4 (6A).
EcoReferenceNo.: 91002
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY).
249. Forsythe, H. Y. Jr. (1991). Insect and Mite Control, 1990. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 4 (6A).
EcoReference No.: 92311
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TDC,AZ,PSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(TDC),OK TARGET(PSM,CPY,AZ).
250. Forsythe, H. Y. Jr. and Collins, J. A. (1987). Blueberry, Flea Beetle Adult Control, 1986.
Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 77 (No. 071).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88737
Chemical of Concern: PSM,MLN,MXC,CBL,CPY,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(PSM,MXC,CPY),OK TARGET(EFV,MLN,CBL),TARGET(CPY).
251. Foster, D. E. and Wintersteen, W. K. (1986). Grasshopper Control in Non-Crop Vegetation, 1985.
Imectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 315 (No. 396).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88665
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CBL),OK(CPY),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
252. Foster, D. E. and Wintersteen, W. K. (1986). Potato Leafhopper Control, 1984. Imectic.Acaric.Tests
11: 206-207 (No. 269).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88662
Chemical of Concern: DMT,PMR,LCYT,CBF,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(CBL, DMT)OK(PMR,LCYT,CBF,CPY).
253. Foster, D. E. and Wintersteen, W. K. (1986). Stalk Borer Control; 1985. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 230-
231 (No. 301).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88664
Chemical of Concern: FNF,BFT,PMR,PAQT,LCYT,ATZ,CYF,CPY,CBL,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CBL),OK(FNF,BFT,PMR,PAQT,LCYT,ATZ,CYF,CPY,CYP),TARGET(CPY).
254. Foster, S., Thomas, M., and Korth, W. (1998). Laboratory-Derived Acute Toxicity of Selected
Pesticides to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Aust.J.Ecotoxicol. 4: 53-59.
EcoReference No.: 67777
Chemical of Concern: TBC,MLT,MTL,MLN,BSF,BMC,ATZ,DU,SZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,BMC,MTL,ATZ,SZ,MLN),OK(ALL
CHEMS).
255. Foster, S. P., Denholm, I., and Devonshire, A. L. (2002). Field-Simulator Studies of Insecticide
Resistance to Dimethylcarbamates and Pyrethroids Conferred by Metabolic- and Target Site-Based
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Mechanisms in Peach-Potato Aphids, _Myzus persicae_ (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PestManag.Sci. 58:
811-816.
EcoReference No.: 70968
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DM,PYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
256. Fragoso, D. B., Guedes, R. N. C., and Rezende, S. T. (2003). Glutathione S-Transferase Detoxification
as a Potential Pyrethroid Resistance Mechanism in the Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais.
Entomol.Exp.Appl. 109: 21-29.
EcoReference No.: 81990
Chemical of Concern: CYP,DM,PMR,CPYM,MLN,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM;
Rejection Code: TARGET (MLN,CPYM).
257. Frampton, G. K. (1999). Spatial Variation in Non-Target Effects of the Insecticides Chlorpyrifos,
Cypermethrin and Pirimicarb on Collembola in Winter Wheat. Pestic.Sci. 55: 875-886.
EcoReference No.: 66153
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CYP),OK(PIRM),OK TARGET(CPY),NO COC(PMR).
258. Frampton, G. K. and Van den Brink, P. J. (2007). Collembola and Macroarthropod Community
Responses to Carbamate, Organophosphate and Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides: Direct and Indirect
Effects. Emiron.Pollut. 147: 14-25.
EcoReference No.: 93534
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY,CYP).
259. Franzmann, B. A. and Rossiter, P. D. (1981). Toxicity of Insecticides to Trioxys complanatus quilis
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Lucerne. J.Aust.Ent.Soc. 20: 313-315.
EcoReference No.: 36687
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT,ES,MDT,DEM,PPHD,P1M,TCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY),OK(CBL).
260. Fuchs, T. W. and Shelton, M. (1985). Effectiveness of New Methods of Biting Lice Control on Angora
Goats. Southwest.Entomol. 10: 15-19.
EcoReference No.: 89193
Chemical of Concern: FNTH,CPY,FNV,PMR,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(FNTH),OK TARGET(CPY,PMR,MLN,FNV).
261. Fuller, B. W. and Boetel, M. A. (1998). Grasshopper Control in Winter Wheat in Eastern South
Dakota, 1997. ArthropodManag.Tests 23: 309.
EcoReference No.: 90652
Chemical of Concern: MLN,FPN,CPY,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MLN,FPN,CPY).
262. Fuller, B. W., Boetel, M. A., Chambers, W. W., and Jenson, J. M. (1993). Insecticidal Corn Rootworm
Control Using Various Application Rates and Techniques, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 18: 198-200
(18F).
EcoReference No.: 76880
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Chemical of Concern: TBO,PRT,FNF,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(PRT),OK(TBO,FNF,CBF),OK TARGET(CPY).
263. Funderburk, J. E., Braxton, L. B., and Lynch, R. E. (1990). Nontarget Effects of Soil-Applied
Chlorpyrifos on Defoliating Pests and Arthropod Predates in Peanut. Peanut Sci. 17: 113-117.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71466
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
264. Furutsu, M, Koyama, Y.-L, Kusakabe, M., and Takahashi, S. (1997). Preventive Effect of the Extract
of Du-Zhong (Tochu) Leaf and Ginseng Root on Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos.
Jpn.J.Toxicol.Environ.Health. 43: 92-100.
EcoReferenceNo.: 72917
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
265. Gaffar, S. A. (1994). Management of Phyllody Through Vector Control in Mustard Crop. J.Insect Sci.
7: 14-15.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93250
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,ES,FNV,PHSL,OXD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY,DMT,FNV).
266. Gahlhoff, J. E. Jr. and Koehler, P. G. (2001). Penetration of the Eastern Subterranean Termite into Soil
Treated at Various Thicknesses and Concentrations of Dursban TC and Premise 75. J.Econ.Entomol.
94:486-491.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58607
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
267. Gaizick, L., Gupta, G., and Bass, E. (2001). Toxicity of Chlorypyrifos to Rana pipiens Embryos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 66: 386-391.
EcoReference No.: 62284
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
268. Galindo, J. G. R., Jasso, A. M., and Lizarraga, C. V. (1996). Toxic Effects of Organochlorine
Pesticides on Penaeus vannamei Shrimps in Sinaloa, Mexico. Chemosphere 33: 567-575.
EcoReferenceNo.: 16892
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
269. Galindo-Reyes, J. G., Dalla Venezia, L., Lazcano-Alvarez, G., and Rivas-Mendoza, H. (2000).
Enzymatic and Osmoregulative Alterations in White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Exposed to
Pesticides. Chemosphere 40: 233-237.
EcoReference No.: 49408
Chemical of Concern: DDT,HCCH,CHD,CPY,DZ,AZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ,DZ,CPY),OK(DDT,HCCH,CHD),NO COC(MTM).
270. Galindo Reyes, J. G., Leyva, N. R., Millan, 0. A., and Lazcano, G. A. (2002). Effects of Pesticides on
DNA and Protein of Shrimp Larvae Litopenaeus stylirostris of the California Gulf.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 53: 191-195.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 73317
Chemical of Concern: DDT,AZ,PRN,CPY,MLN,ES,CBL,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BCM,CEL,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(DDT,AZ,PRN,MLN,ES,CBL,PMR).
271. Gange, A. C. and Brown, V. K. (1991). Effects of Insecticide Application on Weed and Pasture Plant
Communities. In: Brighton Crop Protection Conference on Weeds 901-910.
EcoReference No.: 7 3 212
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DMT,CPY).
272. Gange, A. C., Brown, V. K., and Farmer, L. M. (1992). Effects of Pesticides on the Germination of
Weed Seeds: Implications for Manipulative Experiments. J.Appl.Ecol. 29: 303-310.
EcoReference No.: 74876
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPYJPD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY),OK(IPD).
273. Garcia, S. J., Seidler, F. J., Qiao, D., and Slotkin, T. A. (2002). Chlorpyrifos Targets Developing Glia:
Effects on Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. Dev.Brain Res. 133: 151-161.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92581
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
274. Geiger, D. L., Call, D. J., and Brooke, L. T. (1988). Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead
Minnows (Pimephales promelas) Volume IV. Ctr.forLake Superior Environ.Stud, Volume 4, Univ.of
Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI355.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12859
Chemical of Concern: MOM,ACC,BMC,BMN,CBL,CPY,DS,DZ,MLN,PMR,C80H,ACL; Habitat:
A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,BMC,CBL,DZ,C80H,MOM,ACL,MLN),OK(ALLCHEMS).
275. Gels, J. A., Held, D. W., and Potter, D. A. (2002). Hazards of Insecticides to the Bumble Bees Bombus
impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Foraging on Flowering White Clover in Turf. J.Econ.Entomol. 95:
722-728.
EcoReference No.: 69721
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CPY,IMC,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.GRO.POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CYF,CBL).
276. Gencsoylu, I., Liu, W., Usmani, K. A., and Knowles, C. 0. (1998). Toxicity of Acaricides to the Bulb
Mite Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Acari: Acaridae). Exp.Appl.Acarol. 22: 343-351.
EcoReference No.: 64443
Chemical of Concern:
TFY,FPP,CYP,DDT,IMC,CPY,DZ,DMT,CBL,RTN,PMR,FNV,BFT,CBF,DLD,EN,AND,FPN;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF),OK
TARGET(DMT,RTN,CYP,BFT,FPN,DZ,CBL),OK(ALLCHEMS),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
277. Ghidiu, G. M. (1988). Worm Control in Fall Snap Beans, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 87 (IE).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88838
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Chemical of Concern: EFV,FNV,PMR,CYF,CPY,MOM,CBL,ACP,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP .PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MOM,TDC),EFFICACY(EFV,FNV,PMR,CYF,CPY,ACP),TARGET(CBL).
278. Ghorpade, S. A., Patil, N. M, Thakur, S. G., and Shinde, Y. M. (1994). Control of Aphids and
Helicoverpa armigera on Safflower. JMaharashtra Agric. Univ. 19: 206-208.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91611
Chemical of Concern: PHSL,ES,MP,FNV,DMT,CPY,DCM,CYP,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,REP; Rejection Code: EFFICACY(CPY,MLN,CYP,FNV,MP,DMT).
279. Giddings, J. M., Biever, R. C., and Racke, K. D. (1997). Fate of Chlorpyrifos in Outdoor Pond
Microcosms and Effects on Growth and Survival of Bluegill Sunfish. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16:
2353-2362.
EcoReference No.: 18134
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
280. Giga, D. P. and Zvoutete, P. (1990). The Evaluation of Different Insecticides for the Protection of
Maize Against Some Stored Product Pests. Int.Pest Control 32: 10-13.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89283
Chemical of Concern: MLN,DM,PIRM,CPYM,FNT,BDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(MLN,CPYM).
281. Godfrey, L. D. and Holtzer, T. 0. (1992). Effects of Soil-Incorporated Insecticides and Foliar-Applied
Chemicals on Corn Gas-Exchange Parameters. Crop.Prot. 11: 427-432.
EcoReferenceNo.: 64451
Chemical of Concern: MDT,MP,DMT,TBO,TFT,CBF,CPY,PMR,EPH,PPG; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(PMR,MP,CPY,DMT),OK(MDT,TBO,TFT,CBF,EPH,PPG).
282. Goel, A., Dani, V., and Dhawan, D. K. (2006). Chlorpyrifos-Induced Alterations in the Activities of
Carbohydrate Metabolizing Enzymes in Rat Liver: The Role of Zinc. Toxicol.Lett. 163:235-241.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93536
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
283. Goel, A., Dani, V., and Dhawan, D. K. (2005). Protective Effects of Zinc on Lipid Peroxidation,
Antioxidant Enzymes and Hepatic Histoarchitecture in Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity. Chem.-
Biol.Meract. 156: 131-140.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86700
Chemical of Concern: ZnS,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.PHY.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
284. Goel, A., Dani, V., and Dhawan, D. K. (2007). Zinc Mediates Normalization of Hepatic Drug
Metabolizing Enzymes in Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity. Toxicol.Lett. 169: 26-33.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92619
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ZnS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
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285. Gollapudi, B. B., Mendrala, A. L., and Linscombe, V. A. (1995). Evaluation of the Genetic Toxicity of
the Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Mutat.Res. 342: 25-36.
EcoReference No.: 64453
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
286. Golow, A. A. and Mensah, E. S. (1994). Acute Toxicity of Deltamethrin and Dursban to Tilapia zillii
(Gervais). Ghana J.Chem. 1:428-430.
EcoReference No.: 71979
Chemical of Concern: DM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
287. Gomez, L., Duran, E., Gazquez, A., Martinez, S., Masot, J., and Roncero, V. (2002). Lesions Induced
by 2,4-D and Chlorpyrifos in Tench (Tinea tinea L.): Implication in Toxicity Studies.
J.Environ.Sci.HealthPartB 37: 43-51.
EcoReference No.: 72787
Chemical of Concern: 24D,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,24D).
288. Goodman, L. R., Hansen, D. J., Cripe, G. M, Middaugh, D. P., and Moore, J. C. (1985). A New Early
Life-Stage Toxicity Test Using the California Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) and Results with
Chlorpyrifos. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 10: 12-21.
EcoReference No.: 12881
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.ACC; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
289. Goodman, L. R., Hansen, D. J., Middaugh, D. P., Cripe, G. M., and Moore, J. C. (1985). Method for
Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests Using Three Atherinid Fishes and Results with Chlorpyrifos. In:
R.D.Cardwell, R.Purdy andR.C.Bahner (Eds.), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment, 7th
Symposium, ASTMSTP 854, Philadelphia, PA 145-154.
EcoReference No.: 4225
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
290. Gordon, C. J. (1994). Thermoregulatory Effects of Chlorpyrifos in the Rat: Long-Term Changes in
Cholinergic and Noradrenergic Sensitivity. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 16: 1-9.
EcoReference No.: 93322
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
291. Gordon, C. J., Herr, D. W., Gennings, C., Graff, J. E., McMurray, M., Stork, L., Coffey, T., Hamm, A.,
and Mack, C. M. (2006). Thermoregulatory Response to an Organophosphate and Carbamate
Insecticide Mixture: Testing the Assumption of Dose-Additivity. Toxicology 217': 1-13.
EcoReference No.: 87642
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.BEH; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,CPY).
292. Gordon, C. J. and Mack, C. M. (2001). Diurnal Variation in Thermoregulatory Response to
Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl in the Rat. Toxicology 169: 93-105.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 86768
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBL,CPY).
293. Gordon, C. J. and Padnos, B. K. (2002). Dietary Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Core Temperature in
the Rat. Toxicology 111: 215-226.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92584
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.GRO.BEH: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
294. Gordon, C. J. and Rowsey, P. J. (1999). Are Circulating Cytokines Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis
Factor alpha Involved in Chlorpyrifos-Induced Fever? Toxicology 134: 9-17.
EcoReferenceNo.: 85448
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
295. Gordon, C. J. and Rowsey, P. J. (2000). Role of Vagal Afferents in the Mediation of Chlorpyrifos-
Induced Fever in the Rat. J.Therm.Biol. 25: 91-97.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93295
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCMGRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
296. Gordon, C. J. and Yang, Y.-L. (2001). Reduction in Open Field-Induced Hyperthermia in the Rat
Exposed to Chlorpyrifos, an Anticholinesterase Pesticide. J.Therm.Biol. 26: 313-318.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93294
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
297. Grafton-Cardwell, E. E. and Reagan, C. A. (1995). Selective Use of Insecticides for Control of
Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in San Joaquin Valley California Citrus. J.Econ.Entomol.
88: 1717-1725.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
298. Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., Reagan, C. A., Vehrs, S. L., Eller, A. E., and McClain, J. (1994). Citrus
Cutworm Pesticide Efficacy Trials 1993. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 19: 51-52(ABS.N0.10D).
EcoReferenceNo.: 82452
Chemical of Concern: DKGNa,CPY,CYT,MVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DKGNa,CPY,CYT,MVP).
299. Greene, L. E. (1983). Simulated Natural Encounters of the Insecticides, Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl, by
Western Pine Beetle Predators Enoclerus lecontei and E. sphegeus (Coleoptera: Cleridae).
Emiron.Entomol. 12: 502-504.
EcoReference No.: 77249
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(CBL,CPY).
300. Greenlee, A. R., Ellis, T. M., and Berg, R. L. (2004). Low-Dose Agrochemicals and Lawn-Care
Pesticides Induce Developmental Toxicity in Murine Preimplantation Embryos. Environ.Health
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Perspect. 112:703-709.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82041
Chemical of Concern:
CP Y,DMB,DEAC,MCPP 1 ,PMR,MZB,24D,DDT,ATZ,MTL,MTL,PDM,TBO,CTN,NHN; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CTN,MZB,MTL,MCPP 1 ,ATZ,CP Y,24D),OK(ALL CHEMS).
301. Gregory, D. A., Johnson, D. L., and Thompson, B. H. (1993). The Impact of Bran Baits Treated with
the Insecticides Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate on the Survivorship and Reproductive Success
of Non-Target Mouse Populations. Agric.Ecosyst.Environ. 45: 95-103.
User 1 Abbreviation: (ScienceDirect 1995-Present)
EcoReferenceNo.: 49731
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CBL,CPY).
302. Gregory, D. A., Johnson, D. L., and Thompson, B. H. (1994). The Toxicity of Bran Baits, Formulated
with Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate, on Yellow Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.).
J.Agric.Entomol. 11: 85-94.
EcoReference No.: 64549
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(DMT,CBL,CPY).
303. Gregory, D. A., Johnson, D. L., Thompson, B. H., and Richards, K. W. (1992). Laboratory Evaluation
of the Effects of Carbaryl and Chlorpyrifos Bran Baits and Sprays Used in Grasshopper Control, on
Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees (Megachile rotundata [F.]). J.Agric.Entomol. 9: 109-115.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71430
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(CBL).
304. Gul, A. (2005). Investigation of Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus L.) Larvae. Chemosphere 59: 163-166.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80952
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYM).
305. Gupta, S. C., Siddique, H. R., Mathur, N, Mishra, R. K., Saxena, D. K., and Chowdhuri, D. K. (2007).
Adverse Effects of Organophosphate Compounds, Dichlorvos and Chlorpyrifos in the Reproductive
Tissues of Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: 70kDa Heat Shock Protein as a Marker of Cellular
Damage. Toxicology 238: 1-14.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93407
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP,CEL,BCM,MOR; Rejection
Code: TARGET(CPY).
306. Guzzella, L., Gronda, A., and Colombo, L. (1997). Acute Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
to Marine Invertebrates. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 59: 313-320.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18363
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY,DMT,DZ,MLN,MP,PRT,PRN,FNF,OMT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,AZ,DZ,OMT,DMT,PRT,MLN,MP),OK(CPY,PRN,FNF).
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307. Gyoutoku, Y. and Kasio, T. (1990). Toxicity of Pesticides on the Oligota spp. (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae). Kyushu Byogaichu Kenkyukaiho 36: 155-159.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
308. Haas, P. J., Buck, W. B., Hixon, J. E., Shanks, R. D., Wagner, W. C., Weston, P. G., and Whitmore, H.
L. (1983). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Holstein Steers and Testosterone-Treated Holstein Bulls.
Am.J.Vet.Res. 44:879-881.
EcoReferenceNo.: 36944
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
309. Hagan, A. K., Weeks, J. R., and McGuire, J. A. (1988). Comparison of Soil Insecticides Alone and in
Combination with PCNB for Suppression of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut. Peanut Sci. 15: 35-38.
EcoReference No.: 70700
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EP,FNF,PNB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
310. Hagan, A. K., Weeks, J. R., and Reed, R. B. (1986). Southern Stem Rot Suppression on Peanut with
the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Peanut Sci. 13:36-37.
EcoReference No.: 70701
Chemical of Concern: PNB,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
311. Hagmann, L. E. and Porteous, D. J. (1972). Pre-Hatch Treatments with Dursban 1G Granular
Insecticide for Control of Mosquito Larvae. Down Earth 28: 21-24.
EcoReference No.: 4857
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
312. Haile, F. J., Peterson, R. K. D., and Higley, L. G. (1999). Gas-Exchange Responses of Alfalfa and
Soybean Treated with Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 92:954-959.
EcoReference No.: 64569
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,PMR,SS,CYF,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CYF,CBF,SS,CPY,PMR),TARGET(CBL).
313. Hamadain, E. I. and Chambers, H. W. (2001). Susceptibility and Mechanisms Underlying the Relative
Tolerance to Five Organophosphorus Insecticides in Tobacco Budworms and Corn Earworms.
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 69: 35-47.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92447
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PRN,MP,CPY,CPYM,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TBF),OK TARGET(MP,CPY,CPYM).
314. Hancock, S., Ehrich, M., Hinckley, J., Pung, T., and Jortner, B. S. (2007). The Effect of Stress on the
Acute Neurotoxicity of the Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 219:
136-141.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92618
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.PHY; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
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315. Hanley, T. R. Jr., Carney, E. W., and Johnson, E. M. (2000). Developmental Toxicity Studies in Rats
and Rabbits with 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol, the Major Metabolite of Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol.Sci. 53:
100-108.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86984
Chemical of Concern: TCP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.REP.BEH.CEL.PHY: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TCP).
316. Hansen, D. J., Goodman, L. R., Cripe, G. M., and MaCauley, S. F. (1986). Early Life-Stage Toxicity
Test Methods for Gulf Toadfish (Opsanus beta) and Results Using Chlorpyrifos.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 11: 15-22.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11709
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
317. Hara, A. H. and Mau, R. F. I. (1986). The Orchid Weevil, Orchidophilus aterrimus (Waterhouse):
Insecticidal Control and Effect on Vanda Orchid Production. Proc.Hawaii Entomol.Soc. 26: 71-76.
EcoReference No.: 91617
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY,MP,BDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.ACC.PHY; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MP,CPY),OK(ACP).
318. Hardee, D. D., O'Brien, P. J., Elzen, G. W., and Snodgrass, G. L. (1990 ). Emergence and Survival of
the Parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes from Aphis gossypii Exposed to Aphicides. Southwest.Entomol.
15:211-216.
EcoReferenceNo.: 68419
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
319. Harmon, S. M., Specht, W. L., and Chandler, G. T. (2003). A Comparison of the Daphnids
Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia ambigua for Their Utilization in Routine Toxicity Testing in the
Southeastern United States. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45: 79-85.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71674
Chemical of Concern: CuS,CPY,NaLS; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.REP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CuS,CPY),OK(NaLS).
320. Harris, C. R. and Svec, H. J. (1970). Laboratory Studies on the Contact Toxicity of Some Insecticides
to Honeybees. Pestic.Prog. 8: 25-28.
EcoReference No.: 70979
Chemical of Concern:
MW,HPT,MLN,MOM,CPY,CBF,Naled,AZ,DMT,PRN,CBL,DLD,AND,DZ,EN,CHD,DDT,ES,MX
C,CHD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(Naled,CPY,MLN,DMT),OK(ALLCHEMS).
321. Harris, C. R. and Svec, H. J. (1970). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. VI. Laboratory Studies on
the Toxicity of Several Experimental Insecticides to the Dark-Sided Cutworm as Soil Treatments and
Stomach Poisons. J.Econ.Entomol. 63: 605-609.
EcoReference No.: 44408
Chemical of Concern: CHD,AND,CPY,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY)//No OM, pH.
322. Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., and Sans, W. W. (1973). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. IX.
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Laboratory and Microplot Field Studies on Effectiveness and Persistence of Some Experimental
Insecticides Used for Control of the Darksided Cutworm. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 199-203.
EcoReference No.: 44405
Chemical of Concern: DDT,ABT,MXC,PIRM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,ACC;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(CPY)//No OM,pH.
Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., and Sans, W. W. (1973). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. X. Laboratory
and Field Microplot Studies on Effectiveness and Persistence of Some Experimental Insecticides Used
to Control the Black Cutworm in Organic Soil. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 203-208.
EcoReference No.: 44404
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EN,DDT,CHD,PIRM,ABT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(CPY)//No OM, pH.
Harris, C. R. and Turnbull, S. A. (1975). Laboratory Studies on the Toxicity of Insecticides to the
Bertha Army worm (Mamestra configurata) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Can.Entomol. 107:865-872.
EcoReference No.: 49989
Chemical of Concern:
TW,PSM,TBO,FNF,AZ,ES,MDT,CPY,DMT,MXC,CHD,PHSL,PIRM,TCF,PRN,ACP,MLN,DDT,C
BL,Naled,CBF,CPY,EN,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MLN,Naled,CBF,CBL,AZ,TCF,DMT),OK(MDT,MOM,DDT), TARGET (DMT,CPY).
325. Harris, C. R., Turnbull, S. A., and McLeod, D. G. R. (1985). Contact Toxicity of Twenty-One
Insecticides to Adults of the Carrot Rust Fly (Diptera: Psilidae). Can.Entomol. 117: 1025-1027.
EcoReference No.: 72206
Chemical of Concern:
DZ,DDT,AND,PSM,PMR,MW,PRN,CPY,Naled,MOM,MLN,DM,CYP,CBF,AZ,FNV,FNF,ACP;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,CPY),OK
TARGET(DZ,CYP,MLN,Naled,ACP,AZ,PMR,FNV),OK(ALLCHEMS).
326. Hassan, E. (1997). Chlorpyrifos Toxicity to Aphytis lingnanensis a Parasitoid of California Red Scale,
Aonidiella aurantii in Citrus. Z.Pflanzenkrankh.Pflanzenschutz 104: 102-104.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
327. Hassan, E. (1997). Chlorpyrifos Toxicity to Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera:
Aphelinidae) a Parasitoid of California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) in Citrus (Toxizitat von
Chlorpyrifos Gegenuber Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Einem
Parasitoid der Roten Zitrusschildlaus, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) an Zitrus). J.Plant
Dis.Prot.(Z.Pflanzenkr.Pflanzenschutz) 104: 102-104.
EcoReference No.: 68691
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
328. Hassan, S. A., Bigler, F., Bogenschutz, H., Boiler, E., Brun, J., Chiverton, P., Edwards, P., Mansour,
F., Naton, E., Oomen, P. A., Overmeer, W. P. J., Polgar, L., Rieckmann, W., Samsoe-Petersen, L.,
Staubli, A., Sterk, G., Taveres, K., Tuset, J. J., Viggiani, G., and Vivas, A. G. (1988). Results of the
Fourth Joint Pesticide Testing Programme Carried Out by the lOBC/WPRS-Working Group.
Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms. J.Appl.Entomol. 105:321-329.
EcoReference No.: 70387
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ,CPY).
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Hector, A., Wilby, A., Latsch, 0. G., and Brown, V. K. (2004). Phyto-Activity of Biocides Used to
Manipulate Herbivory: Tests of Three Pesticides on Fourteen Plant Species. Basic Appl.Ecol. 5: 313-
320.
EcoReference No.: 75347
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY,MAL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MAL,DMT,CPY).
330. Hegazi, M. A. M. (1989). Brain Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Juvenile Catfish (Clarias lazera)
Induced by Chronic Dursban Intoxication. Delta J.Sci. 13:455-468.
EcoReference No.: 72842
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
331. Hein, G. L., Ingemansen, J. A., and Walgenbach, D. D. (1988). First-Generation European Corn Borer
Control via Ground, Chemigation, and Aerial Applications, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13:211-212
(No. 49F).
EcoReference No.: 88852
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CEX,TBO,FNF,TFT,CBF,PRT,TLM,CPY,CBL,TDC,FNV; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(PMR,PRT,CBL,TDC),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
332. Heller, P. R. and Kellogg, S. (1988). Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Boalsburg, PA.,
1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 352-353 (No. 48G).
EcoReference No.: 88824
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK
TARGET(CBL,CPY).
333. Heller, P. R. and Kellogg, S. (1988). Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Somerset, PA,
1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 351-352 (No. 46G).
EcoReference No.: 88825
Chemical of Concern: FPP,CPY,ACP,CBL,CYF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(FPP,CPY),OKTARGET(ACP,CBL,CYF,CPY).
334. Heller, P. R. and Kellogg, S. (1988). Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine in Centre County,
Pennsylvania, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 382 (No. 22H).
EcoReference No.: 88821
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FVL,ACP,CYF,CBL,DZ,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(EFV).
335. Heller, P. R. and Kellogg, S. (1988). Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course
Fairway in Lewistown, PA, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 333 (No. 11G).
EcoReference No.: 88828
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK
TARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
336. Heller, P. R. and Kellogg, S. (1987). Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course
Fairway inLewston, PA, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 323 (No. 388).
EcoReference No.: 88649
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Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK
TARGET(CBL,CPY).
337. Helliwell, S. and Stevens, M. M. (2000). Efficacy and Environmental Fate of Alphacypermethrin
Applied to Rice Fields for the Control of Chironomid Midge Larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Field
Crops Res. 67:263-272.
EcoReference No.: 64589
Chemical of Concern: ACYP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ACYP),OK TARGET(CPY),NO COC(PMR).
338. Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm Control in Soybeans,
1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 283-284 (No. 142F).
EcoReference No.: 88856
Chemical of Concern: PMR,BFT,TDC,CYF,EFV,FNV,CPY,ACP,MOM,CBL,MP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(FNV,CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
339. Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Corn Earworm Control in Soybeans, 1987.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 286 (No. 146F).
EcoReference No.: 88858
Chemical of Concern: CYF,TDC,MOM,EFV,PMR,CPY,CBL,ACP,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
340. Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Corn Earworm Control on Soybean, 1986.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 284 (No. 143F).
EcoReference No.: 88857
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CYF,TDC,MOM,FNV,BFT,CBL,EFV,ACP,CPY,MP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(FNV,CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
341. Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Potato Leafhopper Control on Soybean, 1986.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 283 (No. 141F).
EcoReference No.: 88855
Chemical of Concern: BFT,CYF,PMR,EFV,MP,CBL,ACP,DMT,FNV,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(FNV,CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
342. Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., and Hellman, E. L. (1988). Control of Green June Beetle Grubs on Golf
Course Fairways, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 329 (5G).
EcoReference No.: 88815
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CYF,FPP,TCF,ACP,DZ,FVL,CPY,PPX,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ),OK
TARGET(CPY),OK(CYF,FPP,ACP,FVL,PPX,PMR).
343. Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., Salvaggio, R., Vinis, L., and Grove, J. (1988). Armyworm Control in
Corn, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 213-214 (No. 51F).
EcoReference No.: 88853
Chemical of Concern: PMR,BFT,FNV,MP,CYP,CBL,FNF,CPY,CYH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(PMR,BFT,MP,CYP,CBL),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
344. Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., Salvaggio, R. S., and Grove, J. (1988). Control of Green June Beetle
-------
Grubs on a Golf Course, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 364 (No. 69G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88817
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,IZF,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CBL,DZ),OK(CPY,IZF),TARGET(CPY).
345. Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., Salvaggio, R. S., Vinis, L., and Grove, J. (1988). Armyworm Control in
Wheat, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 323-324 (No. 194F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88862
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY,PMR,MOM,TLM,CYH,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(CPY,CYH,TLM),OK TARGET(MP,PMR,MOM,CBL),TARGET(CPY).
346. Helson, B. V., De Groot, P., Turgeon, J. J., and Kettela, E. G. (1989). Toxicity of Insecticides to First-
Instar Larvae of the Spruce Budmoth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. and Free. (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae): Laboratory andField Studies. Can.Entomol. 121: 81-91.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73595
Chemical of Concern: MOM,ACP,AZ,CPY,FNT,PMR,SPS,TDC,TCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ACP,AZ),TARGET(TDC,MOM,CPY).
347. Helson, B. V., Surgeoner, G. A., and Ralley, W. E. (1979). Susceptibility of Culex spp. and Aedes spp.
Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) to Temephos and Chlorpyrifos in Southern Ontario.
Proc.Entomol.Soc.Ont. 110:79-83.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3582
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
348. Hemingway, J. and Georghiou, G. P. (1983). Studies on the Acetylcholinesterase of Anopheles
albimanus Resistant and Susceptible to Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides.
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 19: 167-171.
EcoReference No.: 11596
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNT,CBL,PRN,FNTH,PPX,MLN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
PHY,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MLN,CBL),OK(ALL CHEMS).
349. Henzell, R. F., Skinner, R. A., and Clements, R. 0. (1983). Insecticides for Control of Adult Grass
Grub, Costelytra zealandica (White) V. Screening and Behaviour of Insecticides in Soil Bioassays.
N.Z.J.Agric.Res. 26: 129-133 .
EcoReference No.: 79045
Chemical of Concern:
MW,PFF,TBO,DCB,MXC,CYP,DM,FNV,CBX,DZM,NCTN,FMP,MDT,IFP,IZF,FNTH,FNT,ETN,F
NF,DMT,DDW,CPYM,CPY,AZ,AZM,PPX,PIM,OML,MOM,MCB,ADC,NAPH,PMR,ES,PCB,PSM
,DS,DZ,CBF,CBL,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(CBL,PRT,DZ,NAPH,DCB),TARGET(MOM,FNV, DMT)TARGET (CPYM).
350. Herbert, I. N, Svendsen, C., Hankard, P. K., and Spurgeon, D. J. (2004 ). Comparison of Instantaneous
Rate of Population Increase Critical-Effect Estimates in Folsomia Candida Exposed to Four Toxicants.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 57: 175-183.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73631
Chemical of Concern: Cd,CuCl,CPY,PYR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,CuCl),OK(ALL CHEMS).
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351. Heungens, A. and Buysse, G. (1987). Toxicity of Several Pesticides in Water Solution on
Heterorhabditis Nematodes . Med.Fac.Landbouww.Rijksuniv.Gent52\ 631-638.
EcoReference No.: 69366
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,HCCH,PRN,MOM,OML,CBF,PPX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS)JARGET(CPY).
352. Hill, B. D., Butts, R. A., and Schaalje, G. B. (1995). Mode of Contact of Chlorpyrifos with Russian
Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wheat. J.Econ.Entomol. 88: 725-733.
EcoReference No.: 64596
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
353. Hill, E. F. and Camardese, M. B. (1986). Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants
and Pesticides to Coturnix. U.S.Fish Wildl.Serv., Fish Wildl.Tech.Rep.No.2 147 p.
EcoReference No.: 50181
Chemical of Concern:
PRT,ADC,PMR,PRN,PAQT,ACP,Naled,MLN,HCCH,HPT,FNF,EN,ES,TMP,MTAS,MTM,MOM,A
ND,ATZ,BMY,DCTP,CBL,Captan,CPY,TBO,DZ,DLD,DU,FNTH,AZ,SZ,MP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR.BEH; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(ADC,ACP,MLN,MTAS,MTM,MOM,CBL,Captan,DZ,SZ,ATZ,MP,Naled,CPY),OK(ALL
CHEMS),NO COC(BMC).
354. Hill, E. F. and Camardese, M. B. (1984). Toxicity of Anticholinesterase Insecticides to Birds:
Technical Grade Versus Granular Formulations. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 8: 551-563.
EcoReference No.: 37111
Chemical of Concern: ADC,CBF,CPY,DZ,DS,FMP,FNF,IFP,PRN,PRT,TBO,BDC; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,ADC,PRT,CPY),OK(ALL
CHEMS).
355. Hill, E. F. , Heath, R. G., Spann, J. W., and Williams, J. D. (1975). Lethal Dietary Toxicities of
Environmental Pollutants to Birds. U.S.Fish and Wildl.Serv.No. 191, Special Scientific Report-Wildlife
1-61.
EcoReference No.: 35243
Chemical of Concern:
24DXY,ABT,ADC,AMTL,AND,ATZ,Captan,CBF,CBL,Cd,Cr,DDT,DLD,DMT,DS,DU,DZ,ES,ETN,
FNT,HCCH,Hg,HPT,MCPB,MLN,MP,MRX,MTAS,MXC,Naled,Pb,PCB,PCL,PCP,PQT,PRN,PRT,P
YN,RSM,RTN,SZ,TFM,THM,TVP,TXP,Zn,ZnP,As,AZ,OXD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,MP,Naled,Captan,MLN,OXD,MTAS,CBL,DZ,ATZ,CBF,ADC,MOM,DMT,SZ,ZnP,R
TN,RSM,MCPB,PCP,PRT),OK(ALL CHEMS).
356. Hodge, S., Webster, K. M., Booth, L., Hepplethwaite, V., and O'Halloran, K. (2000). Non-Avoidance
of Organophosphate Insecticides by the Earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa (Lumbricidae). Soil
Biol.Biochem. 32: 425-428.
EcoReference No.: 64604
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.POP; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(DZ),OK TARGET(CPY).
357. Hogmire, H. W., Brown, M. W., and Crim, V. L. (1990). Toxicity of Slide Dip Application of Five
Insecticides to Apple Aphid and Spirea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). J.Entomol.Sci. 25: 10-15.
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EcoReferenceNo.:74108
Chemical of Concern: MOM,EFV,ES,AZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
OK TARGET(MOM),TARGET(EFV,AZ,CPY).
358. Holbrook, F. R. (1983). Effects of Flotation Methods and Overnight Holding on the Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos to Larvae of Culicoides variipennis (Ceratopogonidae). Mosq.News 43: 356-358.
EcoReferenceNo.: 62147
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
359. Hooftman, R. N., Van de Guchte, K., and Roghair, C. J. (1993). Development of Ecotoxicological Test
Systems to Assess Contaminated Sediments. Project B6/8995, The Netherlands Integrated Program
on Soil Research (PCB) 41.
EcoReference No.: 13342
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,MOR,REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
360. Horowitz, A. R., Toscano, N. C., Youngman, R. R., and Miller, T. A. (1987). Synergistic Activity of
Binary Mixtures of Insecticides on Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs.
J.Econ.Entomol. 80: 333-337.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73691
Chemical of Concern: MOM,ACP,CPY,PNV,TDC,MP,AMZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK,TARGET(ACP),TARGET(TDC,MOM,MP,CPY).
361. Hossain, Z., Haldar, G. C., and Mollah, M. F. A. (2000). Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Cadusafos
and Diazinon to Three Indian Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala)
Fingerlings. Bangladesh J.Fish.Res. 4: 191-198.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86097
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DZ,CPY).
362. Houx, N. W. and Aben, W. J. M. (1993). Bioavailability of Pollutants to Soil Organisms via the Soil
Solution. Sci.TotalEnviron. Suppl: 387-395.
EcoReference No.: 40502
Chemical of Concern: NaPCP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,NaPCP),OK(ALL CHEMS).
363. Hower, A. A. and Alexander, S. (1992). Potato Leafhopper Control, 1991. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 174-
175 (3F).
EcoReference No.: 79773
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CBF,EFV,CPY,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(EFV,DMT,CPY),OK(CBF,PMR).
364. Hower, A. A. and Rebarchak, P. (1999). Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1998. Arthropod
Manage.Tests 24: 213-214 (F27).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88063
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,TFT,PBP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS).
-------
365. Howick, C. D. and Creffield, J. W. (1981). Laboratory Bioassays to Compare the Efficacy of
Chlorpyrifos and Dieldrin in Protecting Wood from Termites. Int.Pest Control 23: 40-42.
EcoReferenceNo.: 50345
Chemical of Concern: DLD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: No
Media:None, Om, Ph,TARGET(CPY).
366. Howitt, A. and Biddinger, D. J. (1988). Blueberry, Cranberry Fruitworm Insecticide Test, 1987.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 63 (No. 2C).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88833
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,EFV,FPP,FVL,ACP,PSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(CPY,FPP,PSM),OK TARGET(CBL,EFV,FVL,ACP),TARGET(CPY).
367. Hoy, J. B. and Shea, P. J. (1981). Effects of Lindane, Chlorpyrifos, and Carbaryl on a California Pine
Forest Soil Arthropod Community. Environ.Entomol. 10:732-740.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71490
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(ALL
CHEMS),OKTARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
368. Huang, X. and Mack, T. P. (2001). Artificial Carbon Dioxide Source to Attract Lesser Cornstalk Borer
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae. J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 860-867.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92714
Chemical of Concern: NH,UREA,CPY,ADC,TFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code:
OK TARGET(CPY).
369. Hudson, R. H., Tucker, R. K., and Haegele, M. A. (1984). Handbook of Toxicity of Pesticides to
Wildlife. Resour.Publ.No.153, Fish Wildl.Serv., 2nd Edition, U.S.D.I., Washington, DC 90 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 50386
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,ACL,ACR,ADC,AND,ATN,AMTL,ANZ,ATZ,4AP,AZ,PPX,BTY,Captan,CBL,CBF,CHD,CQT
C,CPY,CMPH,CZE,24D,DDT,DDW,DEF,DEM,DZ,DBN,DLN,DCF,DCTP,DLD,DMT,DQTBr,DS,
DU,ES,EDT,EN,EP,ETN,FNT,FNTH,FMV,Folpet,FNF,HPT,PSM,HCCH,MLN,MDT,MCB,MOM,M
TPN,MXC,MP,MW,MRX,NABAM,Naled,FMP,PQT,PRN,PCP,PRT,PCL,RSM,RTN,STAR,STCH,
TCDD,TMP,TZL,TVP,TZL,THM,TXP,TCF,TFN,ZnP,ZINEB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,24D),OK(ALL CHEMS).
370. Hull, L. A. (2006). Concentrate Airblast Insect Experiment, 2005. ArthropodManag.Tests 31: 9 p.
(A15).
EcoReferenceNo.: 93202
Chemical of Concern: AZ,MFZ,PSM,ACT,ABM,CPY,HTX,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(AZ,PSM,CPY,HTX).
371. Humphrey, C. A., Klumpp, D. W., and Raethke, N. (2004). Ambon Damsel (Pomacentrus
amboinensis) as a Bioindicator Organism for the Great Barrier Reef: Responses to Chlorpyrifos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 72: 888-895.
EcoReferenceNo.: 75183
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.PHY.POP.REP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
372. Hurlbert, S. H., Mulla, M. S., Keith, J. 0., Westlake, W. E., and Dusch, M. E. (1970). Biological
-------
Effects and Persistence of Dursban in Freshwater Ponds. J.Econ.Entomol. 63: 43-62.
EcoReference No.: 2894
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.ACC; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
373. Hurlbert, S. H., Mulla, M. S., and Willson, H. R. (1972). Effects of an Organophosphorus Insecticide
on the Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Insect Populations of Fresh-Water Ponds. Ecol.Monogr. 42:
269-299.
EcoReference No.: 8008
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR,GRO,REP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
374. Hussein, E. M. K., Abdel-Megeed, M. I., Gabir, I., and Abdel-Moati, M. (1980). Efficacy of Certain
Spraying Techniques on the Biological Activity of Dursban with Special Reference to Cotton Yield
and Lint Properties. Bull.Entomol.Soc.Egypt Econ.Ser. 12:99-106.
EcoReference No.: 63069
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code:
EFFICACY(CPY).
375. Hutacharern, C. (1974). Action and Metabolism of Chlorpyrifos in Termites. Ph.D.Thesis,
Univ.Missouri, Columbia, MO 90 p.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: NO TARGET (CPY).
376. Hutchison, W. D., Bartels, D. W., and Rinkleff, J. H. (1994). Alfalfa Insect Control on Spring
Regrowth in Minnesota, 1991. ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 169-170 (No. 4F).
EcoReference No.: 88953
Chemical of Concern: MP,PMR,CYH,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(MLN),TARGET(MP,CPY).
377. Hutchison, W. D., Bartels, D. W., Rinkleff, J. H., Gingera, G. J., and Fossey, C. R. (1994). Alfalfa
Insect Control During the Third Regrowth Cycle in Minnesota Alfalfa, 1992. Arthropod Manag. Tests
19: 171-172 (No. 5F).
EcoReference No.: 88951
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY,PMR,CYH,MLN,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(MLN, DMT),TARGET(MP,CPY).
378. Hyder, A. H., Overmyer, J. P., and Noblet, R. (2005). Influence of Developmental Stage on
Susceptibilities and Sensitivities of Simulium vittatum IS-7 and Simulium vittatum IIIL-1 (Diptera:
Simuliidae) to Chlorpyrifos. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 23: 2856-2862.
EcoReference No.: 80409
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
379. Ibrahim, W. L. F., Furu, P., Ibrahim, A. M., and Christensen, N. 0. (1992). Effect of the
Organophosphorous Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos (Dursban), on Growth, Fecundity and Mortality of
Biomphalaria alexandrina and on the Production of Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae in the Snail.
J.Helminthol. 66: 79-88.
EcoReference No.: 62154
-------
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
380. Icenogle, L. M., Christopher, N. C., Blackwelder, W. P., Caldwell, D. P., Qiao, D., Seidler, F. J.,
Slotkin, T. A., and Levin, E. D. (2004). Behavioral Alterations in Adolescent and Adult Rats Caused
by a Brief Subtoxic Exposure to Chlorpyrifos During Neurulation. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 26: 95-101.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92582
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BEH.PHY.REP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
381. Immaraju, J. A., Paine, T. D., Bethke, J. A., Robb, K. L., and Newman, J. P. (1992). Western Flower
Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Resistance to Insecticides in Coastal California Greenhouses.
J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 9-14.
EcoReference No.: 73711
Chemical of Concern: MOM,AV,PMR,CPY,BFT,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(MOM),NO MIXTURE,ENDPOINT(PPB),TARGET(BFT,CPY).
382. Inoue, Y. (1983). Termiticidal Activities of Synthetic Pyrethroids. In: J.Miyamoto and P.C.Kearney
(Eds.), Proc.5thInt.Congr.ofPestic.Chem., Aug.29-Sept.4, 1982, Kyoto, Japan, Pergamon Press,
Oxford, England 1:113-118.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71456
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY,DLD,CHD,PYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection
Code: TARGET(RSM,CPY).
383. Ishaaya, I. and Klein, M. (1990). Response of Susceptible Laboratory and Resistant Field Strains of
Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Teflubenzuron. J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 59-62.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93235
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(TBF),OK TARGET(CYP,CPY).
384. Islam, M. N., Nessa, Z., and Karim, M. A. (1991). Management of the Potato Cutworm, Agrotis
ipsilon (HFN.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with Insecticides Other Than Organochlorinated Hydrocarbon
Insecticides. Bangladesh J.Zool. 19: 173-177.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93059
Chemical of Concern: FPP,EP,IZF,CYF,FNV,CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: CROP(EFFICACY-FNV),EFFICACY(CYF,CPY,DZ).
385. Jackson, D. M. and Lam, J. J. Jr. (1989). Jalysus wickhami (Hemiptera: Berytidae): Toxicity of
Pesticides Applied to the Soil or in the Transplant Water of Flue-Cured Tobacco. J.Econ.Entomol. 82:
913-918.
EcoReference No.: 68596
Chemical of Concern: ADC,CBF,PRN,FNF,MLX,OML,EP,CPY,DZ,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,ADC),OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(DZ,ACP),TARGET(CPY).
386. Jacobsen, H., Ostergaard, G., Lam, H. R., Poulsen, M. E., Frandsen, H., Ladefoged, 0., and Meyer, 0.
(2004). Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats with a Mixture of Five Pesticides
Often Found as Residues in Food: Alphacypermethrin, Bromopropylate, Carbendazim, Chlorpyrifos
and Mancozeb. Food Chem.Toxicol. 42: 1269-1277.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 90929
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CBD,CPY,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
ACC,GRO,MOR,BEH,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO
MLXTURE(MZB,CYP,CBD).
387. Jacobson, R. M. and Thriugnanam, M. (1990). New Selective Systemic Aphicides. In: D.R.Baker,
J.G.Fenyes, and W.K.Moberg (Eds.), ACS (Am.Chem.Soc) Symp.Ser.No.443, Chapter 26, Synthesis
and Chemistry of Agrichemicals, Washington, D.C. 322-339.
EcoReference No.: 74350
Chemical of Concern:
PIM,CPY,DMT,ACP,PPHD,FNV,PHSL,MOM,ADC,MLN,DEM,DS,OML,AZ,ES; Habitat: T;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ADC,DMT,MLN,ACP,AZ),TARGET(MOM,CPY,FNV).
388. James, D. G. (1991). An Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Treatments to Prevent Fuller's Rose
Weevil Oviposition on Citrus Fruit. Plant Prot.Q. 6: 79-81.
EcoReference No.: 70007
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(RSM,CPY).
389. James, D. G. (2003). Pesticide Susceptibility of Two Coccinellids (Stethorus punctum picipes and
Harmonia axyridis) Important in Biological Control of Mites and Aphids in Washington Hops.
BiocontrolSci.Technol. 13: 253-259.
EcoReference No.: 76934
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,PSM,DZ,DMT,CBL,PIM,MOM,ES,IMC,TMX,BFT; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(MLN,BFT,DZ,CBL,MOM, DMT,CPY).
390. James, D. G. and Rayner, M. (1995). Toxicity of Viticultural Pesticides to the Predatory Mites
Amblyseius victoriensis and Typhlodromus doreenae. Plant Prot.Q. 10: 99-102.
EcoReference No.: 67984
Chemical of Concern:
CaPS,BMY,CBD,CTN,MZB,FRM,IPD,MLX,Cu,PCZ,TDM,VCZ,Zineb,Ziram,CuOH,AZ,CBL,CPY,
DZ,DMT,ES,MLN,MDT,DCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CaPS,CTN,MZB,MLN,DMT),OK(ALLCHEMS),OK
TARGET(DZ,AZ,CBL),TARGET(CPY).
391. James, D. G., Stevens, M. M., and O'Malley, K. J. (1998). Prolonged Exclusion of Foraging Ants
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Citrus Trees Using Controlled-Release Chlorpyrifos Trunk Bands.
Int.J.PestManag. 44: 65-69.
EcoReference No.: 64661
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
392. Jarvi, K. J. and Howard, L. (1992). Clover Leaf Weevil Larval Control in Alfalfa, 1991. In:
A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD
176.
EcoReference No.: 79772
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
393. Jena, M. and Sahoo, K. (1995). Effect of Insecticides on the Rate of Oviposition and Larval Hatching
of Yellow Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walk.) In Rice. Indian J.Plant Prot. 23: 198-200.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 91433
Chemical of Concern: OXD,CBF,MP,PPHD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection Code:
OK TARGET(OXD,MP,CPY).
394. Jeong, S.-H., Kim, B.-Y., Kang, H.-G., Ku, H.-O., and Cho, J.-H. (2006). Effect of Chlorpyrifos-
Methyl on Steroid and Thyroid Hormones in Rat FO- and F1-Generations. Toxicology 220: 189-202.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93127
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP.MOR.BCM.BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPYM).
395. Jett, D. A., Navoa, R. V., Beckles, R. A., and McLemore, G. L. (2001). Cognitive Function and
Cholinergic Neurochemistry in Weanling Rats Exposed to Chlorpyrifos. ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol.
174: 89-98.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92580
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.GRO.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
396. Jin-Clark, Y., Lydy, M. J., and Zhu, K. Y. (2002). Effects of Atrazine and Cyanazine on Chlorpyrifos
Toxicity in Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae). Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 598-603.
EcoReference No.: 62472
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,CP YO,CZE; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ATZ,CPY),NO INVITRO(CPYO),OK(CZE).
397. Johnson, D. T. and Mayes, R. L. (1987). Blueberry, Fruitworm Insecticide Test, 1986.
ImecticAcaric.Tests 12: 77 (No. 072).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88736
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CBL,DZ,MLN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(CPY),OKTARGET(AZ,CBL,DZ,MLN,CPY).
398. Johnson, D. W. and Townsend, L. H. (1987). Fall Army Worm Control in Field Corn, 1985.
ImecticAcaric.Tests 12: 201 (No. 239).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88710
Chemical of Concern: TCF,MOM,CPY,PMR,FNV,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(TCF,CPY),OK TARGET(MOM,PMR,CBL,FNV),TARGET(CPY).
399. Johnson, G. and Kammerzell, K. (1991). Russian Wheat Aphid Control in Winter Wheat, 1990.
ImecticAcaric.Tests 16: 240-241 (145F).
EcoReference No.: 91914
Chemical of Concern: EFV,CPY,MP,DS,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DS,EFV,DMT,MP,CPY).
400. Jones, G. E., Carroll, D. F., and Wills, W. (1976). Susceptibility of Pennsylvania Mosquito Larvae to
Abate, Dursban and Baytex. In: Proc.63rdAnnu.Meet.N.J.Mosq.Exterm.Assoc.: 161-1017.
EcoReference No.: 68559
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
401. Journey, A. M., Ostlie, K. R., and Luedeman, L. J. (1992). Liquid Options for Corn Rootworm
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Control, 1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.of
Am., Lanham, MD 198-199.
EcoReference No.: 79770
Chemical of Concern: TBO,CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
402. Juchelka, C. M. and Snell, T. W. (1995). Rapid Toxicity Assessment Using Ingestion Rate of
Cladocerans and Ciliates. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 28: 508-512.
EcoReference No.: 14918
Chemical of Concern: Cd,HgC12,PL,PCP,CuCl,CPY,CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBL,CuCl,OK(CPY,HgC12,Cd,PL).
403. Juchelka, C. M. and Snell, T. W. (1994). Rapid Toxicity Assessment Using Rotifer Ingestion Rate.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 26: 549-554.
EcoReference No.: 13660
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,CuCl,PCP,24DP,PL,HgC12,Cd,AMSV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BEH,REP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,CuCl,AMSV),OK(ALL CHEMS).
404. Kacham, R., Karanth, S., Baireddy, P., Liu, J., and Pope, C. (2006). Interactive Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos and Parathion in Neonatal Rats: Role of Esterases in Exposure Sequence-Dependent
Toxicity. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 210: 142-149.
EcoReference No.: 93535
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PRN,CPY).
405. Kain, D. P. , Straub, R. W., and Agnello, A. M. (2004). Incidence and Control of Dogwood Borer
(Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and American Plum Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infesting Burrknots on
Clonal Apple Rootstocks in New York. J.Econ.Entomol. 97: 545-552.
EcoReference No.: 82539
Chemical of Concern: MFZ,CPY,ES,IDC,FPP,KLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MFZ,CPY,ES,KLN,FPP),NO MIXTURE(IDC).
406. Kang, H. G., Jeong, S. H., Cho, J. H., Kim, D. G., Park, J. M., and Cho, M. H. (2004). Chlropyrifos-
Methyl Shows Anti-Androgenic Activity Without Estrogenic Activity in Rats. Toxicology 199: 219-
230.
EcoReference No.: 92617
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.CEL.BEH: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPYM).
407. Karanth, S., Liu, J., Mirajkar, N, and Pope, C. (2006). Effects of Acute Chlorpyrifos Exposure on In
Vivo Acetylcholine Accumulation in Rat Striatum. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 216: 150-156.
EcoReference No.: 93537
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.PHY.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
408. Karanth, S. and Pope, C. (2003). Age-Related Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Parathion on Acetylcholine
Synthesis in Rat Striatum. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 25: 599-6
EcoReference No.: 92578
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PRN).
409. Karaoz, E., Gultekin, F., Akdogan, M., Oncu, M., and Gokcimen, A. (2002 ). Protective Role of
Melatonin and a Combination of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on Lung Toxicity Induced by Chlorpyrifos-
EthylinRats. Exp.Toxicol.Path. 54: 97-108.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92819
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
410. Karen, D. J., Draughn, R., Fulton, M., and Ross, P. (1998). Bone Strength and Acetylcholinesterase
Inhibition as Endpoints in Chlorpyrifos Toxicity to Fundulus heteroclitus. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 60:
167-175.
EcoReference No.: 72826
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
411. Karen, D. J., Klaine, S. J., and Ross, P. E. (2001). Futher Considerations of the Skeletal System as a
Biomarker of Episodic Chlorpyrifos Exposure. Aquat.Toxicol. 52: 285-296.
EcoReference No.: 62229
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
412. Karen, D. J., Li, W., Harp, P. R., Gillette, J. S., and Bloomquist, J. R. (2001). Striatal Dopaminergic
Pathways as a Target for the Insecticides Permethrin and Chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 22: 811-817.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92577
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR).
413. Karim, A. A. R. A., Haridi, A. A. M., and El Rayah, E. A. (1985). The Environmental Impacts of Four
Insecticides on Non-Target Organisms in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme Canals of Sudan.
J.Trop.Med.Hyg. 88: 161-168.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12022
Chemical of Concern: DCM,ES,CPY,DMT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(DMT),OK(ES,DCM).
414. Karnak, R. E. and Collins, W. J. (1974). The Susceptibility to Selected Insecticides and
Acetylcholinesterase Activity in a Laboratory Colony of Midge Larvae, Chironomus tentans (Diptera:
Chironomidae). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 12:62-69.
EcoReference No.: 6267
Chemical of Concern: CBL,DDT,PPX,MLN,ATN,DDVP,CPY,DLD,CBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,CBL,CBF,ATN,MLN),OK(DDT,PPX,DDVP,CPY,DLD).
415. Karner, M., Ewing, S., Kelley, M., and Goodson, J. (1992). Cotton Aphid Control, 1991.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 17: 229-230 (68F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 82244
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CYF,TDC,MOM,EFV,MTM,CYP,CPY,BFT,DCTP,CYH,ACP,ES;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO COC(DKG),OK
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TARGET(ACP,MTM,DMT,CPY,CYP,EFV,CYF,TDC,MOM,BFT).
416. Karner, M., Kelley, M., and Goodson, J. (1992). Two Spotted Spider Mite Control, 1991. In:
A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Eds.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD
228-229.
EcoReference No.: 79283
Chemical of Concern: BFT,DCF,PPG,CYH,PFF,CPY,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(BFT),NO COC(DKG),TARGET(CPY).
417. Karner, M. A. (1987). Alfalfa Insect Control in Oklahoma, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 170 (No.
199).
EcoReference No.: 88717
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,CBL,CPY,CYP,EFV,MP,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(CBF,CPY),OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
418. Kay, I. R. (1979). Toxicity of Insecticide to Coccinella repanda Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
JAust.Entomol.Soc. 18: 233-234.
EcoReference No.: 72656
Chemical of Concern: ES,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(DMT,CPY).
419. Keesing, V. F. (1990). The Toxicity of Four Insecticides to the Mite Hemisarcoptes coccophagus and
its Host Scale Hemiberlesia lataniae. Proc.N.Z.Weed Pest Control Conf. 43: 247-251.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
420. Kenaga, E. E., Fink, R. J., and Beavers, J. B. (1979). Dietary Toxicity Tests with Mallards, Simulating
Residue Decline of Chlorpyrifos and Avoidance of Treated Foods. In: E.E.Kenaga (Ed.), Avian and
Mammal Wildlife Toxicology, ASTMSTP 693, Philadelphia, PA 36-44.
EcoReference No.: 35297
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
421. Kennedy, C. W. (2002). Phytotoxicity in Pearl Millet Varies Among In-Furrow Insecticides. Crop
Prot. 21: 799-802.
EcoReference No.: 86668
Chemical of Concern: CYF,TFT,PRT,ADC,CPY,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PRT,ADC,CPY),OK(TFT,TBO),MIXTURE(CYF).
422. Kersting, K. and Van Wijngaarden, R. (1992). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on a Microecosystem.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 11: 365-372.
EcoReference No.: 16353
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP.MOR.POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Key, P. B. (1996). The Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Malathion, Azinphosmethyl and Chlorpyrifos
Exposure on the Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, with Emphasis on Larval Life Cycle Pulse
Exposures. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 124 p.
EcoReference No.: 72741
Chemical of Concern: AZ,MLN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(AZ,MLN).
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424. Key, P. B. and Fulton, M. H. (2006). Correlation Between 96-h Mortality and 24-h
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Three Grass Shrimp Larval Life Stages. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 63:
389-392.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92616
Chemical of Concern: MLN,AZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(MLN,AZ).
425. Key, P. B. and Fulton, M. H. (1993). Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Adult
and Larval Stages of the Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. J.Environ.Sci.Health B28: 621-640.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14848
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
426. Khajuria, D. R. and Sharma, J. P. (1995). Efficacy of Insecticides in Controlling Pea Leafminer
(Chromatomyia horticola) on Seed Crop of Pea (Pisum sativum). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 65: 381-384.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89295
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,MP,FNT,DMT,MLN,DDV,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MP,CPY),OK(CYP,ACP),OK TARGET,NO
CROP(MLN,DMT).
427. Khalil, Z., Shabana, E. F., Kobbia, I. A., and Zaki, F. T. (1993). Phosphatase Activities and
Phosphorus Fractions in Two Periphytic Cyanobacteria, in Response to Some Pesticides.
EgyptJMicrobiol. 26: 429-441.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93338
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CP Y,TFN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY).
428. Khayrandish, A. and Wood, R. J. (1993). Organophosphorus Insecticide Resistance in a New Strain of
Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tanga, Tanzania. Bull.Entomol.Res. 83: 67-74 (Publ
in Part As 17296).
EcoReferenceNo.: 17297
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
429. Klein, C. D., Slaymaker, P. H., Tugwell, N. P., and Wall, M. L. (1994). Control of Bollworm, Tobacco
Budworm, and Beet Army worm in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1993. Arthropod Manag.Tests
19: 227 (No. 70F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 89106
Chemical of Concern: TDC,ES,MP,CPY,Naled,CFP,MVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(MVP),NO MIXTURE(ES,CPY,CFP,TARGET-
TDC,MP,Naled),TARGET(Naled,MP,CPY).
430. Kline, D. L., Wood, J. R., Roberts, R. H., and Baldwin, K. F. (1985). Laboratory Evaluation of Four
Organophosphate Compounds As Larvicides Against Field Collected Salt Marsh Culicoides spp.
(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 1:48-50.
EcoReference No.: 11965
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,MLN).
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431. Klingeman, W. E., Buntin, G. D., Van lersel, M. W., and Braman, S. K. (2000). Whole-Plant Gas
Exchange, not Individual-Leaf Measurements, Accurately Assesses Azalea Response to Insecticides.
CropProt. 19:407-415.
EcoReference No.: 64755
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CBL,CPY,AZD,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ACP,CPY),OK TARGET(CBL),OK(AZD,IMC).
432. Knight, A. L. and Hull, L. A. (1992). Linking Insecticide Bioassays with Residue Analyses to
Evaluate Control of Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Neonates on Apple: Single Spray.
J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 926-931.
EcoReference No.: 73712
Chemical of Concern: MOM,AZ,CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MOM),OK TARGET(MP,CPY),NO ENDPOINT(AZ).
433. Knight, A. L. and Hull, L. A. (1992). Linking Insecticide Bioassays with Residue Analyses to
Evaluate Control of Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Neonates on Apple: Seasonal
Spray Program. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 932-938 .
EcoReference No.: 74134
Chemical of Concern: MOM,AZ,CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR,PHY; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ,MOM),EFFICACY(CPY,MP).
434. Knight, A. L. and Hull, L. A. (1989). Response of Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Neonates to Selected Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 82: 1027-1032.
EcoReference No.: 74117
Chemical of Concern: FNV,MOM,CPY,MP,AZ,TDC,PSM,PHSL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(AZ),TARGET(MOM,MP,CPY,TDC,FNV).
435. Kobbia, I. A., Khalil, Z., Shabana, E. F., and Zaki, F. T. (1991). Potency of Nitrogen Fixation,
Nitrogenase and Nitrate Reductase Activities in Anabaena oryzae and Nostoc muscorum, as Influenced
by Some Pesticides. Egypt.J.Physiol.Sci. 15: 9-20.
EcoReference No.: 75051
Chemical of Concern: DMT,TFN,DINO,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY),OK(TFN,DINO).
436. Kobbia, I. A., Shabana, E. F., Khalil, Z., and Zaki, F. T. (1991). Growth Criteria of Two Common
Cyanobacteria Isolated from Egyptian Flooded Soil, as Influenced by Some Pesticides. Water Air Soil
Pollut.6Q: 107-116.
EcoReference No.: 67667
Chemical of Concern: TFN,DINO,CPY,DMT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,BCM,PHY; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY),OK(TFN,DINO).
437. Koenning, S. R., Bailey, J. E., Schmitt, D. P., and Barker, K. R. (1998 ). Management of Plant-
Parasitic Nematodes on Peanut with Selected Nematicides in North Carolina. J.Nematol. 30: 643-650.
EcoReference No.: 77680
Chemical of Concern: CLP,FMP,EP,ADC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ADC),OK(CPY,FMP,EP),NO MIXTURE(CLP),TARGET(CPY).
438. Komeza, N, Fouillet, P., Bouletreau, M., and Delpuech, J. M. (2001). Modification, by the Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos, of the Behavioral Response to Kairomones of a Parasitoid Wasp, Leptopilina boulardi.
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Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 41: 436-442.
EcoReference No.: 64770
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH.PHY: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
439. Konno, T. and Kajihara, 0. (1985). Synergism of Pirimicarb and Organophosphorus Insecticides
Against the Resistant Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
Appl.Entomol.2ool. 20: 403-410.
EcoReference No.: 74137
Chemical of Concern:
CPYM,FNT,MP,FNTH,DZ,CPY,PRN,MLN,PSM,MDT,DDW,TW,CBL,BDC,PIRM,PIM,MOM;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(MLN,DZ,CBL,MOM,MP,CPY)TARGETCPYM.
440. Kou, J., Gillette, J. S., and Bloomquist, J. R. (2006). Neurotoxicity in Murine Striatal Dopaminergic
Pathways Following Co-Application of Permethrin, Chlorpyrifos, and MPTP. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol.
85: 68-75.
EcoReference No.: 92615
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,PMR).
441. Krishnaiah, N. V. and Kalode, M. B. (1988). Comparative Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroid,
Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides Against Nephotettix virescens (Distant) and Nilaparvata
lugens (Stal) in Rice. Crop Prot. 7: 66-71.
EcoReference No.: 92963
Chemical of Concern: ETN,MOM,FNV,CYP,DM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(FNV,MOM,ETN,CPY,CYP,DM).
442. Krishnamoorthy, A. (1985). Effect of Several Pesticides on Eggs, Larvae and Adults of the Green
Lace-Wing Chrysopa scelestes Banks. Entomon 10: 21-28.
EcoReference No.: 90420
Chemical of Concern: SFR,MOM,CBL,DDVP,DMT,MLN,PPHD,CPY,PHSL,DCF,ES; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR.REP: Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
443. Krishnamoorthy, A. (1984). Effect of Some Pesticides on the Predatory Mite, Amblyseius
tetranychivorus (Gupta) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Entomon 8: 229-234.
EcoReference No.: 90444
Chemical of Concern: ES,DCF,FNT,CPY,DMT,MLN,DEM,PHSL,MOM,CBL,MZB; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,MZB),OK
TARGET(CPY,DMT,MOM,CBL).
444. Kulkarni, A. P., Fabacher, D. L., and Hodgson, E. (1980). Pesticides as Inducers of Hepatic Drug-
Metabolizing Enzymes - II. Glutathione S-Transferases. Gen.Pharmacol. 11:437-441.
EcoReference No.: 92613
Chemical of Concern: TBF,TFN,ES,CHD,MLN,CPY,PPB,24D,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,24D),OK(MLN,PPB,PMR,TBF).
445. Kumar, T. P., Banerjee, S. K., Devasahayam, S., and Koya, K. M. A. (1986). Effect of Different
Insecticides in the Control of 'Pollu' Beetle Longitarsus nigripennis Mots. A Major Pest of Black
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Pepper Piper nigrum L. Entomon 11: 219-222.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91474
Chemical of Concern: ES,MP,FNV,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MP,CBL,CPY,FNV).
446. LaBrecque, G. C., Wilson, H. G., Gahan, J. B., and Weidhaas, D. E. (1971). Evaluation of Various
Insecticides as Residual Sprays in Buildings Naturally Infested with Anopheles quadrimaculatus.
Mosq.News 31: 206-208.
EcoReferenceNo.: 65414
Chemical of Concern: ABT,MLN,PPX,MXC,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: TARGET(MLN,CPYM).
447. Lahr, J., Badji, A., Marquenie, S., Schuiling, E., Ndour, K. B., Diallo, A. 0., and Everts, J. W. (2001).
Acute Toxicity of Locust Insecticides to Two Indigenous Invertebrates from Sahelian Temporary
Ponds. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 48: 66-75.
EcoReferenceNo.: 59962
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,DM,DFZ,FNT,BDC,FPN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY),OK(DM,DFZ,FNT,BDC,FPN).
448. Lai, S., Saxena, D. M, and Lai, R. (1987). Effects of DDT, Fenitrothion and Chlorpyrifos on Growth,
Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation in Anabaena (Arm 310) and Aulosira fertilissima.
Agric.Ecosyst.Environ. 19: 197-209.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15095
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CPY,FNT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY.POP.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(FNT,DDT).
449. Landrum, P. F., Fisher, S. W., Hwang, H., and Hickey, J. (1999). Hazard Evaluation of Ten
Organophosphorus Insecticides Against the Midge, Chironomus riparius via QSAR. SAR QSAR
Environ.Res. 10: 423-450.
EcoReference No.: 67687
Chemical of Concern: FNF,TBO,CMPH,DCTP,FNTH,AZ,CPY,DZ,DS; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,CPY),OK(FNF,TBO,CMPH,DCTP,FNTH,AZ,DS).
450. Latha, N. A., Babu, T. R., Saxena, R., Sriramulu, M., and Reddy, D. D. R. (1998). Evaluation of the
Effects of Insecticides on the Egg Larval Parasitoid Chelonus blackburni Cameron (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae). Int.Pest Control 40: 202-203.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93337
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CYP,FNV,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP: Rejection
Code: TARGET(CPY,CYP,FNV,CBL).
451. Laub, C. A., Kuhar, T. P., Dellinger, T. A., and Youngman, R. R. (1999). Efficacy of Foliar
Insecticides Against Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, 1998. Arthropod Manage. Tests 24: 196-197 (F4).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88109
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,LCYT,CPY,EFV,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,EFV),OK(PPB,CYF,CBF,LCYT).
452. Laub, C. A., Kuhar, T. P., Dellinger, T. A., and Youngman, R. R. (1999). Efficacy of Foliar
Insecticides Against Potato Leafhopper, 1998. ArthropodManag.Tests 24: 197-198 (F5).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 88088
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,MOM,CPY,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MOM),OK(CYF,CBF),EFFICACY(CPY).
453. Lee, C. Y. and Lee, L. C. (2000). Influence of Sanitary Conditions on the Field Performance of
Chlorpyrifos-Based Baits Against American Cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera:
Blattidae). J. Vector Ecol. 25: 218-221 .
EcoReference No.: 63950
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
454. Lee, C. Y., Lee, L. C., Ang, B. H., and Chong, N. L. (1999). Insecticide Resistance in Blattella
germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Hotels and Restaurants in Malaysia. In:
W.H.Robinson, R.Rettich, andG.Rambo (Eds.), Proc.3rd Int.Conf.on Urban Pests, Graficke Zavody
Hronov, Czech Republic 171-182.
EcoReference No.: 77207
Chemical of Concern:
ES,DLD,DDT,PMSM,FNT,DZ,CPY,CPYM,MLN,CBL,PPX,BFT,PMR,DM,ACT,HMN; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(MLN,BFT,DZ,CBL)TARGET (CPYM).
455. Lee, C. Y., Yap, H. H., Chong, N. L., and Lee, R. S. T. (1996). Insecticide Resistance and Synergism
in Field Collected German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in Peninsular Malaysia.
Bull.Entomol.Res. 86: 675-682.
EcoReference No.: 68673
Chemical of Concern: PTR,DM,DDT,PMR,CYP,PPX,BDC,CPY,PPB,DEF; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS, EXCEPT PPB,DEP),NO
MIXTURE(PPB,DEP),OKTARGET(CYP),TARGET(CPY).
456. Lee, D. K., Shin, E. H., and Shim, J. C. (1997). Insecticide Susceptibility of Culex pipiens pallens
(Culicidae, Diptera) Larvae in Seoul. Korean J.Entomol. 27: 9-13.
EcoReference No.: 61915
Chemical of Concern:
EFX,TMT,CYP,DM,FVL,PIRM,FNT,SBA,PFF,FNV,CYH,CPY,PTM,DDW,BFT,CBF; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(FNV,CYP,FVL,TMT,CPY),OK(EFX,BFT).
457. Lee, R. and Oshima, Y. (1998). Effects of Selected Pesticides, Metals and Organometallics on
Development of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Embryos. Mar.Environ.Res. 46: 479-482.
EcoReference No.: 67659
Chemical of Concern: DFZ,FNV,CPY,CYP,MTPN,ES,TBT,CuCl,Hg,Cd; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FNV,CPY,MTPN,CYP,CuCl),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO
COC(TBT).
458. Lee, R. F., Steinert, S. A., Nakayama, K., and Oshima, Y. (1999). Use of DNA Strand Damage (Comet
Assay) and Embryo Hatching Effects to Assess Contaminant Exposure in Blue Crab (Callinectes
sapidus) Embryos. In: D.S.Henshel, M.C.Black, andM.C.Harrass (Eds.), Environmental Toxicology
and Risk Assessment: Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental
Assessment, 8th Volume, ASTMSTP 1364, West Conshohocken, PA 341-349.
EcoReference No.: 67696
Chemical of Concern: ES,Cu,Hg,CPY,TBT,FNV,MTPN,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
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MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,FNV,MTPN).
459. Lee, S. E., Choi, W. S., Lee, H. S., and Park, B. S. (2000). Cross-Resistance of a Chlorpyrifos-Methyl
Resistant Strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) to Fumigant Toxicity of
Essential Oil Extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and its Major Monoterpene, 1,8-Cineole. J.Stored
Prod.Res. 36: 383-389.
EcoReference No.: 62720
Chemical of Concern: CPY-Methyl; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET (CPYM).
460. Lee, S. E. and Lees, E. M. (2001). Biochemical Mechanisms of Resistance in Strains of Oryzaephilus
surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Resistant to Malathion and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl.
J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 706-713.
EcoReference No.: 63704
Chemical of Concern: CPY-Methyl,MLN; Habitat: T; Rejection Code:
TARGET(MLN)TARGET(CPYM).
461. Leeuwangh, P., Brock, T. C. M., and Kersting, K. (1994). An Evaluation of Four Types of Freshwater
Model Ecosystem for Assessing the Hazard of Pesticides. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 13: 888-899.
EcoReference No.: 61913
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
462. Leight, A. K. and Van Dolah, R. F. (1999). Acute Toxicity of the Insecticides Endosulfan,
Chlorpyrifos, and Malathion to the Epibenthic Estuarine Amphipod Gammarus palustris (Bousfield).
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 18: 958-964.
EcoReference No.: 51439
Chemical of Concern: ES,CP Y,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,MLN),OK(ES,CPY).
463. Lein, D. H., Maylin, G. A., Hillman, R. B., Rebhun, W. C., Henion, J. D., and Ebel, J. G. Jr. (1982).
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban 44) Toxicity in Dairy Bulls. Cornell Vet. 72: 1-58.
EcoReference No.: 37678
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.BEH.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
464. Lemke, L. A. and Kissam, J. B. (1987). Evaluation of Various Insecticides and Home Remedies for
Control of Individual Red Imported Fire Ant Colonies. J.Entomol.Sci. 22: 275-281.
EcoReference No.: 78182
Chemical of Concern: ALSV,DZ,PYN,CBL,ACP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ALSV),OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(DZ,ACP,CBL),TARGET(CPY).
465. Lester, P. J., Pogoda, M. K., and Free, D. J. (1998). Insecticide Encapsulation to Maintain Predatory
Mite Populations, Reduce European Red Mite Outbreaks, and Control of the Oriental Fruit Moth
Grapholitha molesta (Busck). Proc.Entomol.Soc.Ont. 129: 137-148.
EcoReference No.: 64233
Chemical of Concern: CYP.CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
466. Levin, E. D., Addy, N, Baruah, A., Elias, A., Christopher, N. C., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A.
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(2002). Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Rats Causes Persistent Behavioral Alterations.
Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 24: 733-741.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92629
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.GRO.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
467. Levin, E. D., Addy, N, Nakajima, A., Christopher, N. C., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2001).
Persistent Behavioral Consequences of Neonatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Rats. Dev.Brain Res. 130:
83-89.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92576
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
468. Levin, E. D., Chrysanthis, E., Yacisin, K., and Linney, E. (2003). Chlorpyrifos Exposure of
Developing Zebrafish: Effects on Survival and Long-Term Effects on Response Latency and Spatial
Discrimination. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 25: 51-57.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92575
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
469. Levin, E. D., Swain, H. A., Donerly, S., and Linney, E. (2004). Developmental Chlorpyrifos Effects on
Hatchling Zebrafish Swimming Behavior. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 26: 719-723.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92507
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
470. Liburd, 0. E., Funderburk, J. E., and Olson, S. M. (2000). Effect of Biological and Chemical
Insecticides on Spodoptera species (Lep., Noctuidae) and Marketable Yields of Tomatoes.
J.Appl.Entomol. 124: 19-25.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82478
Chemical of Concern: MOM,DKGNa,AZD,CPY,FPP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DKGNa,MOM,AZD,CPY,FPP).
471. Linn, J. D. (1968). Effects of Low Volume Aerial Spraying of Dursban and Fenthion on Fish. Down
Earth 24: 28-30.
EcoReference No.: 4501
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
472. Linz, G. M., Homan, H. J., Slowik, A. A., and Penry, L. B. (2006). Evaluation of Registered Pesticides
as Repellents for Reducing Blackbird (Icteridae) Damage to Sunflower. Crop Protect. 25: 842-847.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92506
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EFV,CYF,LCYT,ES,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(EFV,CPY),OK(CYF,CYP).
Liu, H., Cupp, E. W., Micher, K. M., Guo, A., and Liu, N. (2004). Insecticide Resistance and Cross-
Resistance in Alabama and Florida Strains of Culex quinquefaciatus. J.Med.Entomol. 41: 408-413.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88223
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Chemical of Concern: PMR,DM,CPY,MLN,RSM,PPX,FPN,IMC,SS; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY),OK(PMR,DM,RSM,PPX,FPN,IMC,SS).
474. Liu, J. and Pope, C. N. (1998). Comparative Presynaptic Neurochemical Changes in Rat Striatum
Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos or Parathion. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 53: 531-544.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86316
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PRN),NO SPECIES(CPYO).
475. Liu, N. and Yue, X. (2000). Insecticide Resistance and Cross-Resistance in the House Fly (Diptera:
Muscidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 1269-1275.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87285
Chemical of Concern: TBF,TPT,PPB,PMR,CYP,DM,CPY,PPX,FPN,IMC,SS; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(TBF,PPB),OK TARGET(PMR,CYP,CPY,FPN).
476. Lo, P. L. (2004). Toxicity of Pesticides to Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the
Effect of Three Fungicides on Their Densities in a Citrus Orchard. N.Z.J.Crop Hortic.Sci. 32: 69-76.
EcoReferenceNo.: 78126
Chemical of Concern: ALSV,BPZ,DZ,CPY,PMR,CuOH,CuS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(ALSV,DZ),TARGET(CPY).
477. Lockridge, 0., Duysen, E. G., Voelker, T., Thompson, C. M., and Schopfer, L. M. (2005). Life
Without Acetylcholinesterase: The Implications of Cholinesterase Inhibitor Toxicity in AChE-
Knockout Mice. Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 19:463-469.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89554
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,DZ,DDVP,MLO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPYO),NO IN VITRO(DZ,DDVP,MLO).
478. Lourens, J. H. M. and Lyaruu, D. M. (1979). Susceptibility of Some East African Strains of
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus to Cholinesterase Inhibiting Acaricides. PANS (Pest Artie.News Summ.)
25: 135-142.
EcoReference No.: 72641
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(DZ,CBL,CPY).
479. Lowe, J. I. (1965). Results of Toxicity Tests with Fishes and Macroinvertebrates. Unpublished Data,
Data Sheets Available from U.S.EPA Res.Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 81 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14574
Chemical of Concern:
DDT,PRN,TXP,CPY,DLD,AND,HPT,HCCH,CHD,MXT,ABT,ES,Naled,CBL,ATM,ETN,AZ,PRT,D
DVP,PSM,DZ,MLN,CTN,EN,PCB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: NOC.GRO.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,Naled),NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(MLN).
480. Lowe, J. I., Wilson, P. D., and Davison, R. B. (1970). Laboratory Bioassays. U.S.Fish Wildl.Serv.,
Circ.335, Washington, D.C. 20-23 (Author Communication Used).
EcoReferenceNo.: 15259
Chemical of Concern: CPY,24DXY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: NOC,MOR,GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
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481. Ludwig, P. D., Dishburger, H. J., McNeill IV, J. C., Miller, W. 0., and Rice, J. R. (1968). Biological
Effects and Persistence of Dursban Insecticide in a Salt-Marsh Habitat. J.Econ.Entomol. 61: 626-633.
EcoReference No.: 13811
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
482. Luff, M. L., Clements, R. 0., and Bale, J. S. (1990). An Integrated Approach to Assessing Effects of
Some Pesticides in Grassland. In: Brighton Crop.Prot.Conf.: Pests and Diseases, Volume 1, Br.Crop
Prot.Counc., Brighton, England 143-152.
EcoReference No.: 69898
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
483. Lund, S. A., Fulton, M. H., and Key, P. B. (2000). The Sensitivity of Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes
pugio, Embryos to Organophosphate Pesticide Induced Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition.
Aquat.Toxicol. 48: 127-134.
EcoReference No.: 51679
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(MLN,CPY).
484. Lunden, J. D., Mayer, D. F., Johansen, C. A., Shanks, C. H., and Eves, J. D. (1986). Effects of
Chlorpyrifos Insecticide on Pollinators. Am.Bee J. 126:441-444.
EcoReference No.: 64812
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PMR,CPY).
485. Lydy, M. J. and Austin, K. R. (2005). Toxicity Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures Typical of the
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Using Chironomus tentans. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 48: 49-55.
EcoReference No.: 79402
Chemical of Concern: HXZ,MDT,SZ,DU,DZ,DDT,CZE,AZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ,DZ,SZ,HXZ,CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS).
486. Lydy, M. J., Belden, J. B., and Ternes, M. A. (1999). Effects of Temperature on the Toxicity of M-
Parathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Pentachlorobenzene to Chironomus tentans.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 37(4): 542-547.
EcoReference No.: 20658
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,MP).
487. Lydy, M. J. and Linck, S. L. (2003). Assessing the Impact of Triazine Herbicides on Organophosphate
Insecticide Toxicity to the Earthworm Eisenia fetida. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45: 343-349.
EcoReference No.: 71459
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ATZ,SZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ATZ,SZ,CPY).
488. Mack, T. P. (1992). Effects of Five Granular Insecticides on the Abundance of Selected Arthropod
Pests and Predators in Peanut Fields. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 2459-2466.
EcoReference No.: 71483
Chemical of Concern: CEX,TBO,EP,CPY,FNF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
-------
OK TARGET(CPY).
489. Macquillan, M. J., Badley, A. R., and Hodgson, P. J. (1975). Control of Sorghum Midge with
Chlorpyrifos in Australia. J.Econ.Entomol. 68: 713-715 .
EcoReference No.: 517 81
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
490. Maguire, C. C. and Williams, B. A. (1987). Cold Stress and Acute Organophosphorus Exposure:
Interaction Effects on Juvenile Northern Bobwhite. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 16: 477-481.
EcoRef erence No.: 39749
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
491. Maguire, C. C. and Williams, B. A. (1987). Response of Thermal Stressed Bobwhite to
Organophosphorus Exposure. Environ.Pollut. 47: 25-39.
EcoRef erence No.: 39628
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.MOR.GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
492. Majori, G., Sabatinelli, G., Villani, F., and Petrarca, V. (1986). Studies on Insecticide Susceptibility of
Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus in the Area of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (West
Africa). J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 2: 305-309.
EcoRef erence No.: 12072
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,MLN).
493. Mala, S. R., Peter, C., and David, B. V. (1992). Ovipositional Behaviour and Eclosion of Eggs of
Helicoverpa armigera as Affected by Insecticides. Entomon 17: 177-181.
EcoRef erence No.: 74154
Chemical of Concern: MOM,ES,CYP,EFX,CPY,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(MOM),TARGET(TDC,CYP,CPY).
494. Malhi, C. S. (1997). Prevention of Bird Damage at the Sowing and Sprouting Stages of a Sunflower
Crop. Int.Pest Control 39: 127-128.
EcoReference No.: 75770
Chemical of Concern: DMT,Cu,CPY,THM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.REP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY),OK(Cu,THM).
495. Mani, M. (1992). Contact Toxicity of Different Pesticides to the Encyrtid Parasitoids, Aenasius advena
and Blepyrus insularis of the Striped Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata. Trap.Pest Manag. 38: 386-390.
EcoReference No.: 51860
Chemical of Concern:
DINO,CBD,CAP,MZB,Zineb,Ziram,DEM,CPY,DZ,DDW,FNTH,CBL,MLN,ES,MP,PHSL,DMT,DC
F,TDF,MLX,TFR,HCZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CAP,MZB,MLN,MP,TFR,DMT),OK(ALL CHEMS)//Not Ecossl
Species,TARGET(MP,CPY).
496. Mani, M. (1994). Relative Toxicity of Different Pesticides to Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hym.,
Ichneumonidae). J.Biol.Control 8: 18-22.
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EcoReference No.: 62600
Chemical of Concern:
Zineb,DINO,DCF,CU,ES,MOM,CBL,FNV,PHSL,CYP,DM,DMT,MLN,CPY,MP,FNTH,DDVP,PPH
D,FVL,ACP,MZB,CBD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CTN,MZB),OKTARGET(CBL,MOM,MLN,MP,DMT,CPY,FNV).
497. Mani, M. (1995). Studies on the Toxicity of Pesticides to Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella (L.). J.Insect Sci. 8: 31-33.
EcoReference No.: 90902
Chemical of Concern: AZD,MZB,F VL,CBL,DMT,MP,CTN,CuOS,ACP,PPHD,DDVP,ES,CPY;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO
MLXTURE(MZB),TARGET(MP, DMT,CPY).
498. Mani, M. and Krishnamoorthy, A. (1996). Response of the Encyrtid Parasitoid, Tetracnemoidea indica
of the Oriental Mealybug Planococcus lilacinus to Different Pesticides. Indian J.Plant Prot. 24: 80-85.
EcoReference No.: 67219
Chemical of Concern:
TDF,PPHD,DMT,ES,DDW,FNV,CYP,DM,MP,FNTH,MLN,PHSL,CBL,FVL,CPY,AZD,FSTAI,Cap
tan,Ziram,MZB,DINO,Cu,CTN,DCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(MLN,CBL,MP,FNV, DMT,CPY).
499. Mani, M., Lakshmi, V. Jhansi, and Krishnamoorthy, A. (1997). Side Effects of Some Pesticides on the
Adult Longevity, Progeny Production and Prey Consumption of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant
(Coccinellidae, Coleoptera). Indian J.Plant Prot. 25: 48-51.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
500. Mani, M. and Nagarkatti, S. (1988). Response of the Parasitoid, Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky (Diptera:
Tachinidae) to Different Pesticides. Entomon. 13:25-28.
EcoReference No.: 75493
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CBL,DMT,DCF,MLN,PHSL,FNT,DEM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MLN,DMT,CBL,CPY).
501. Mani, M. and Nagarkatti, S. (1983). Susceptibility of Two Braconid Parasites Apanteles angaleti
Muesebeck and Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilkinson) to Several Chemical Pesticides. Entomon 8: 87-92.
EcoReference No.: 62601
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DDVP,DCF,DMT,ES,FNT,MLN,MOM,PHSL,PPHD,MZB;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MLN,MZB,DMT,CPY),TARGET(CBL,MOM,CPY),OK(DDVP,DCF,ES,FNT,PHSL,PPHD
).
502. Mani, M. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1988). Studies on the Safety of Different Pesticides to the Grape
Mealybug Natural Enemies, Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) and Scymnus coccivora Ayyar. Indian
J.PlantProt. 16:205-210.
EcoReference No.: 68988
Chemical of Concern: MP,DDVP,DMT,OXD,CPY,DZ,PHSL,MZB,CAP,CBD; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MP,DMT,MZB,CAP,CPY),OK(DDVP,OXD,DZ,PHSL,CBD).
503. Mansour, S. A. and Al-Jalili, M. K. (1985). Determination of Residues of Some Insecticides in Clover
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Flowers: A Bioassay Method Using Honeybee Adults. J.Apic.Res. 24: 195-198.
EcoReference No.: 67983
Chemical of Concern: MOM,PPX,CPY,CBL,FNT,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,ACC;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MOM,CPY,CBL),OK(PPX,FNT,PIRM).
504. Mansour, S. A. and Al-Jalili, M. K. (1985). Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms: I - The Response of
Two Honey Bee Races to Certain Insecticides. Pesticides 19: 39-40.
EcoReference No.: 69374
Chemical of Concern: MLN,DDVP,FNTH,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,DDVP,FNTH,CBL,CPY).
505. Marable, B. R., Maurissen, J. P. J., Mattsson, J. L., and Billington, R. (2007). Differential Sensitivity
of Blood, Peripheral, and Central Cholinesterases in Beagle Dogs Following Dietary Exposure to
Chlorpyrifos. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 47: 240-248.
EcoReference No.: 92504
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
506. Marietta, F., Patetta, A., and Manino, A. (2003). Laboratory Assessment of Pesticide Toxicity to
Bumblebees. Bull.Insectology 56: 155-158.
EcoReference No.: 73698
Chemical of Concern: RTN,PHSL,IMC,LCYT,CYF,DMT,ABM,ACP,CBL,CPYM,MOM; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DMT,CPYM),OK(ACP,CBL,CYF,MOM,RTN).
507. Martin, P. A. (1990). Effects of Carbofuran, Chlorpyrifos and Deltamethrin on Hatchability,
Deformity, Chick Size and Incubation Time of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Eggs.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 9: 529-534.
EcoReference No.: 62611
Chemical of Concern: DM,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.REP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,CPY),OK(DM).
508. Martin, P. A. and Forsyth, D. J. (1998). Effects of Exposure to Vegetation Sprayed with Dimethoate or
Chlorpyrifos on Mallard Ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). Ecotoxicology 7: 81-87.
EcoReference No.: 62612
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY).
509. Martin, P. A., Johnson, D. L., and Forsyth, D. J. (1996). Effects of Grasshopper-Control Insecticides
on Survival and Brain Acetylcholinesterase of Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) Chicks.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 518-524.
EcoReference No.: 58076
Chemical of Concern: CBF,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.GRO.MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,DMT,CPY).
510. Martinez-Toledo, M. V., Salmeron, V., and Gonzalez-Lopez, J. (1992). Effect of the Insecticides
Methylpyrimifos and Chlorpyrifos on Soil Microflora in an Agricultural Loam. Plant Soil 147: 25-30.
EcoReference No.: 71100
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.SYS: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PIRM).
511. Mascarenhas, V. J., Graves, J. B., Leonard, B. R., and Burris, E. (1998 ). Dosage-Mortality Responses
of Third Instars of Beet Army worm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Selected Insecticides.
J.Agric.Entomol. 15: 125-140.
EcoReferenceNo.: 62614
Chemical of Concern: CFP,SS,TUZ,MFZ,EMMB,CPY,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MFZ,CFP,SS,TUZ,EMMB,CPY,TDC),TARGET(CPY).
512. Mason, L. J., Seal, D. R., and Jansson, R. K. (1991). Response of Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera:
Apionidae) to Selected Insecticides. Fla.Entomol. 74: 350-355.
EcoReferenceNo.: 62617
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CBL,ES,PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK,TARGET(CBL),TARGET(MOM,CPY).
513. Masoodi, M. A., Bhat, A. M., and Koul, V. K. (1989). Toxicity of Insecticide to Adults of Encarsia (=
Prospaltella) perniciosi (Hymenoptera: Aphilinidae). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 59: 50-52.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93336
Chemical of Concern: FNT,ES,FNV,MLN,PPHD,CBL,PHSL,DMT,DDVP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(FNV,MLN,CBL,DMT,CPY).
514. Mather, T. N. and DeFoliart, G. R. (1983). Repellency and Initial Toxicity of Abate and Dursban
Formulations to Aedes triseriatus in Oviposition Sites. Mosq.News 43: 474-479.
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
515. Matozzo, V., Tomei, A., and Marin, M. G. (2006). Effects of 4-Nonylphenol (Xenoestrogen) and
Chlorpyrifos (Organophosphorus Pesticide) on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Clam Tapes
philippinarum. Fresenius Environ.Bull. 15:710-714.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93292
Chemical of Concern: NYP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
516. Matthewson, M. D., Wilson, R. G., and Hammant, C. A. (1976). The Development of Resistance to
Certain Organophosphorus and Carbamate Ixodicides by the Blue Tick, Boophilus decoloratus (Koch)
(Acarina, Ixodidae), in Rhodesia. Bull.Entomol.Res. 66: 553-560.
EcoReference No.: 72642
Chemical of Concern: PSM,ETN,CBL,CMPH,CPY,DZ,DCTP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO DURATION(ALL CHEMS),NO COC(MTAS),TARGET(CPY).
517. Mattsson, J. L., Wilmer, J. W., Shankar, M. R., Berdasco, N. M., Crissman, J. W., Maurissen, J. P., and
Bond, D. M. (1996). Single-Dose and 13-Week Repeated-Dose Neurotoxicity Screening Studies of
Chlorpyrifos Insecticide. Food Chem.Toxicol. 34: 393-405.
EcoReferenceNo.: 52006
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.HIS.PHY.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
518. Maurissen, J. P. J., Hoberman, A. M., Garman, R. H., and Hanley, T. R. Jr. (2000). Lack of Selective
Developmental Neurotoxicity in Rat Pups from Dams Treated by Gavage with Chlorpyrifos.
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Toxicol.Sci. 57: 250-263.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82431
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BEH.REP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
519. Maurissen, J. P. J., Shankar, M. R., and Mattsson, J. L. (2000). Chlorpyrifos: Lack of Cognitive
Effects in Adult Long-Evans Rats. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 27: 237-246.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87234
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
520. Mazanti, L. E. (1999). The Effects of Atrazine, Metolachlor and Chlorpyrifos on the Growth and
Survival of Larval Frogs Under Laboratory and Field Conditions. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of Maryland,
College Park, MD 146 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 75041
Chemical of Concern: MTL,ATZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,GRO,ACC,SYS; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(ATZ,MTL).
521. Mazzarri, M. B. and Georghiou, G. P. (1995). Characterization of Resistance to Organophosphate,
Carbamate, and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Field Populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela .
JAm.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 11: 315-322 .
EcoReference No.: 74860
Chemical of Concern: PPB,PIRM,TMP,DDT,CYH,PMR,CPY,MLN,PPX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),NO MIXTURE(PPB),TARGET(MLN,CPY).
522. McClanahan, R. J. (1982). Susceptibility of a Migratory Population of the Corn Earworm (Heliothis
zea) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Insecticides. Can.Entomol. 114: 1175-1177.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89573
Chemical of Concern:
DM,CYP,FNV,PMR,CPY,SPS,FPP,PFF,PRN,TVP,MOM,DDT,AZ,CBF,ACP,MTM,CBL; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(CYP,PMR,CPY,MOM,AZ,ACP,MTM,CBL,FNV).
523. McCollister, S. B., Kociba, R. J., Humiston, C. G., McCollister, D. D., and Gehring, P. J. (1974).
Studies of the Acute andLong-Term Oral Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos (0,0-Diethyl-0-(3,5,6-Trichloro-
2-Pyridyl) Phosphorothioate). Food Cosmet.Toxicol. 12:45-61.
EcoReferenceNo.: 37866
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.PHY; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
524. McEwen, L. C., DeWeese, L. R., and Schladweiler, P. (1986). Bird Predation on Cutworms
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Wheat Fields and Chlorpyrifos Effects on Brain Cholinesterase Activity.
Environ.Entomol. 15: 147-151.
EcoReference No.: 40006
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.ACC; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
525. McKenney, C. Jr, Matthews, E., and Lawrence, D. (1981). Mysid Life-Cycle Tests. Progress Report,
FY81, Experimental Environments Branch, U.S.EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 62-73.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 3750
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,Ag; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
526. McKinlay, K. S. and Burrage, R. H. (1975). Laboratory and Field Experiments on the Toxicity of
Various Insecticides to Grasshoppers, Melanoplus sanguinipes and Camnula ellucida (Orthoptera:
Acrididae). Can.Entomol. 107: 543-546.
EcoReference No.: 72039
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBF,DMT,MDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBF),TARGET(DMT,CPY).
527. McLeod, M. J., Twidwell, E. K., and Gallenberg, D. J. (1994). Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1993.
ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 172-173 (No. 7F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88952
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBF,PSM,MP,MLN,CBL,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBL,MLN),OK(CBF,PSM,MP,PMR),NO CROP(MP).
528. Melton, T. A. and Powell, N. T. (1991). Effects of Nematicides and Cultivars on Rotylenchulus
reniformis and Flue-Cured Tobacco Yield. J.Nematol. 23: 712-716.
EcoReference No.: 77621
Chemical of Concern: UREA,EP,CBF,CLP,CPY,ADC,FMP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ADC,CLP),OK(EP,CBF,FMP),NO
MIXTURE(UREA),EFFICACY(CPY).
529. Merriam, T. L. and Axtell, R. C. (1983). Relative Toxicity of Certain Pesticides to Lagenidium
giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a Fungal Pathogen of Mosquito Larvae. Environ.Entomol. 12:
515-521.
EcoReference No.: 66427
Chemical of Concern:
MTPN,ACR,CPY,FNTH,MLN,TMP,DFZ,Captan,ATZ,DDT,HCCH,CBL,PPX,PMR,TXP; Habitat:
AT; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(MLN,CBL,MTPN,ATZ,CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(Captan).
530. Merriam, T. L., Leidy, R. B., and Axtell, R. C. (1981). Efficacy and Longevity of Controlled-Release
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban 10CR) for Mosquito Control in Coastal Dredged Material Disposal Sites.
Mosq.News 41: 512-522.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92565
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(CPY).
531. Meyer, A., Seidler, F. J., Aldridge, J. E., Tate, C. A., Cousins, M. M., and Slotkin, T. A. ( Critical
Periods for Chlorpyrifos-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity: Alterations in Adenylyl Cyclase
Signaling in Adult Rat Brain Regions After Gestational or Neonatal Exposure. Environ.Health
Perspect. 112: 295-301.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87746
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Mn; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.PHY.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
532. Meyer, A., Seidler, F. J., Cousins, M. M., and Slotkin, T. A. (2003). Developmental Neurotoxicity
Elicited by Gestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos: When is Adenylyl Cyclase a Target?
-------
Environ.Health Perspect. 111: 1871 -1876.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93482
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.GRO: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
533. Meyers, S. M, Marden, B. T., Bennett, R. S., and Bentley, R. (1992). Comparative Response of
Nestling European Starlings and Red-Winged Blackbirds to an Oral Administration of Either
Dimethoate or Chlorpyrifos. J.Wildl.Dis. 28: 400-406 .
EcoReference No.: 72659
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY).
534. Michaud, J. P. (2002). Relative Toxicity of Six Insecticides to Cycloneda sanguinea and Harmonia
axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J.Entomol.Sci. 37: 83-93.
EcoReference No.: 68888
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
535. Micinski, S., Kirby, M. L., and Graves, J. B. (1991). Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Plant Bug
Control, 1990. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 197-198 (89F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 90646
Chemical of Concern: MLN,OML,ACP,DMT,CPY,MTM,DS,TDC,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
536. Milam, C. D., Farris, J. L., and Wilhide, J. D. (2000). Evaluating Mosquito Control Pesticides for
Effect on Target and Nontarget Organisms. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 39: 324-328.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56989
Chemical of Concern: PMR,RSM,CPY,MLN,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,RSM,MLN),OK(PMR,TMP).
537. Miller, B. E., Forcum, D. L., Weeks, K. W., Wheeler, J. R., and Rail, C. D. (1970). An Evaluation of
Insecticides for Flea Control on Wild Mammals. J.Med.Entomol. 7: 697-702.
EcoReference No.: 69363
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CBL,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CBL,DZ),OK(ALL CHEMS),TARGET (MLN,CPY).
538. Miller, T. A., Nelson, L. L., Young, W. W., Roberts, L. W., Roberts, D. R., and Wilkinson, R. N.
(1973). Polymer Formulations of Mosquito Larvicides. I. Effectiveness of Polyethylene and Polyvinyl
Chloride Formulations of Chlorpyrifos Applied to. Mosq.News 33: 148-155.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13954
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
539. Miyazaki, S. and Hodgson, G. C. (1972). Chronic Toxicity of Dursban and Its Metabolite, 3,5,6-
Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Chickens. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 23: 391-398.
EcoReferenceNo.: 37995
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
-------
540. Mizell III, R. F. and Schiffhauer, D. E. (1990). Effects of Pesticides on Pecan Aphid Predators
Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Hippodamia convergens, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.),
Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Aphelinus perpallidus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 1806-1812.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93318
Chemical of Concern:
CBL,MOM,AZ,MLN,DMT,CPY,DZ,PRN,BMY,FNV,CYP,PHSL,ES,HCCH,DCF; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(CBL,AZ,MLN,DMT,CPY,DZ,FNV,CYP).
541. Mohamed, H. A., Bashir, N. H. H., and El-Tayeb, Y. M. (1993). Susceptibilities of Three Insect Pests
of Cotton to Insecticides and Mixtures. Insect Sci.Appl. 14: 193-197.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82824
Chemical of Concern: AMZ,CPY,DMT,ES,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(AMZ,CPY,DMT,ES),NO COC(DKGNa), TARGET (DMT),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
542. Mohamed, 0. S. A., Eldirdiri, N. L, Karrar, M. A., and Adam, S. E. I. (1990). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos
in Nubian Goats. Rev.Elev.Med.Vet.Pays Trap. 43: 431-434.
EcoReference No.: 62886
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.CEL; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
543. Mohsen, Z. H. and Mulla, M. S. (1981). Toxicity of Blackfly Larvicidal Formulations to Some Aquatic
Insects in the Laboratory. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 26: 696-703.
EcoReference No.: 4529
Chemical of Concern: CYP,TMP,DCM,CPYM,DM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CYP),OK(ALL CHEMS).
544. Montanes, J. F. C., Van Hattum, B., and Deneer, J. (1995). Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos by the
Freshwater Isopod Asellus aquaticus (L.) in Outdoor Experimental Ditches. Environ.Pollut. 88: 137-
146.
EcoReference No.: 15133
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
545. Moore, M. T., Huggett, D. B., Gillespie, W. B. Jr., Rodgers, J. H. Jr., and Cooper, C. M. (1998).
Comparative Toxicity of Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos, and Aldicarb to Four Aquatic Testing Organisms .
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 34: 152-157 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 18996
Chemical of Concern: ADC,CPY,CHD; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,ADC).
546. Morishita, M. (2001). Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Larvae of Flankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Evaluated by the Petri Dish-Spraying Tower Method. Appl.Entomol.Zool.
36: 137-141.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82021
Chemical of Concern:
PRB,EMMB,THO,ACT,EFX,TDL,PIM,PHSL,PIRM,DMT,FNTH,MLN,DDW,ACT,LUF,TCF,CYP,
ES,SS,IMC,FVL,PMR,CBL,MOM,ALP,FNT,MDT,CPY,FF,DZ,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(,MLN,DZ,CBL,MOM,CPY).
-------
547. Morse, J. G. and Bellows, T. S. Jr. (1986). Toxicity of Major Citrus Pesticides to Aphytis melinus
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 311-314.
EcoReference No.: 69300
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
548. Morton, C. A., Harvey, R. G., Wedberg, J. L., Kells, J. J., Landis, D. A., and Lueschen, W. E. (1994).
Influence of Corn Rootworm Insecticides on the Response of Field Corn (Zea mays) to Nicosulfuron.
WeedTechnol. 8:289-295.
EcoReference No.: 62641
Chemical of Concern: MTL,CPY,FNF,PRT,NSF,TBO,TFT,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
PHY,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBF,PRT),OK(TBO,TFT,NSF,FNF),NO
MIXTURE(MTL).
549. Moser, V. C. and Padilla, S. (1998). Age- and Gender-Related Differences in the Time Course of
Behavioral and Biochemical Effects Produced by Oral Chlorpyrifos in Rats. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.
149: 107-119.
EcoReference No.: 93278
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
550. Mostert, M. A., Schoeman, A. S., and Van der Merwe, M. (2002). The Relative Toxicities of
Insecticides to Earthworms of the Pheretima Group (Oligochaeta). Pest Manag.Sci. 58: 446-450.
EcoReference No.: 66555
Chemical of Concern: IMC,CPY,CYF,CBL,FPN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,CYF,CPY),OK(IMC),NO ENDPOINT(FPN).
551. Mote, U. N. and Kadam, J. R. (1984). Chemical Control of Sorghum Earhead Hairy Caterpillar
Euproctis subnotata WLK. Indian J.Plant Prot. 12: 147-148.
EcoReference No.: 92543
Chemical of Concern: CBL,MLN,ES,CPY,EFV,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(CBL,MLN,CPY,EFV).
552. Mount, G. A., Hirst, J. M., Mcwilliams, J. G., Lofgren, C. S., and White, S. A. (1968). Insecticides for
Control of the Lone Star Tick Tested in the Laboratory and as High Volume and Ultra Low Volume
Sprays in Wooded Areas. J.Econ.Entomol. 61: 1005-1007.
EcoReference No.: 52433
Chemical of Concern: FNT,CPY,ABT,MLN,DMT,FNTH,DZ,DDT,CBL,Naled,DDVP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR,POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(DZ,Naled,DMT,MLN,CPY,CBL)//No
Media:Flt, OM,pH.
553. Mount, G. A., Lowe, R. E., Baldwin, K. F., Pierce, N. W., and Savage, K. E. (1970). Ultra-Low
Volume Aerial Sprays of Promising Insecticides for Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 30: 342-346.
EcoReference No.: 2875
Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNT,FNTH,CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,FNT,FNTH).
554. Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. (1978). Lethal and Behavioral Impact of Chlorpyrifos Methyl and
Temephos on Select Stream Macroinvertebrates: Experimental Studies on Downstream Drift.
-------
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 7: 139-147.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5156
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP YM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM).
555. Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. (1978). Relative Susceptibility of Stream Macroinvertebrate to Temephos
and Chlorpyrifos, Determined in Laboratory Continuous-Flow Systems.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 7: 129-137.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5155
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP YM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYM).
556. Mulder, P. G. Jr., Collins, J. K., and Smith, M. W. (1997). Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer and Fall
Webworm in Pecans, 1996. ArthropodManag.Tests 22: 78 (22D).
EcoReferenceNo.: 91493
Chemical of Concern: BFT,TUZ,CYP,PSM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NO COC(MP),OK TARGET(BFT,CYP,CPY,PSM).
557. Mulla, M. S. and Darwazeh, H. A. (1969). Field and Laboratory Investigations on the Control of
Susceptible and Resistant Pasture Mosquitoes. Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.Control Assoc. 37:
76-81.
EcoReference No.: 91812
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,TMT,CBF,EPRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK TARGET(CPY,MP,TMT).
558. Mulla, M. S., Darwazeh, H. A., and Dhillon, M. S. (1977). Cemetery Mosquitoes and Their Control
with Organophosphorus Larvicides and the Insect Growth Regulator Methoprene. In:
Proc.Pap.Annu.Calif.Conf.Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. 162-165.
EcoRef erence No.: 16201
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MTPN,FNTH,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,REP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(MTPN),OK(FNTH,TMP).
559. Mulla, M. S. and Khasawinah, A. M. (1969). Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Larvicides Against
Chironomid Midges. J.Econ.Entomol. 62: 37-41.
EcoReferenceNo.: 2899
Chemical of Concern: CBF,MLN,MP,FNTH,PRN,TMT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(MP),LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,MLN),OK(CBF,FNTH,PRN).
560. Murthy, K. S. R. K., Sharma, V. K., Manohar, V., and Rao, M. S. (1993). Bioefficacy and Dissipation
of Fenvalerate Formulations on Chilli. Indian J.PlantProt. 21: 208-210.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91430
Chemical of Concern: FNV,DM,MP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.ACC; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(FNV,MP,CPY).
561. Muscarella, D. E., Keown, J. F., and Bloom, S. E. (1984). Evaluation of the Genotoxic and
Embryotoxic Potential of Chlorpyrifos and Its Metabolites In Vivo and In Vitro. Environ.Mutagen. 6:
13-23.
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EcoReference No.: 67859
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCP,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.CEL; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO,TCP).
562. Naddy, R. B. (1996). Assessing the Toxicity of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos to a
Freshwater Invertebrate, Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera). Ph.D.Thesis, Clemson Univ.,
Clemson, SC 101 p.
EcoReference No.: 72740
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.REP.GRO.ACC; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
563. Naddy, R. B., Johnson, K. A., and Klaine, S. J. (2000). Response of Daphnia magna to Pulsed
Exposures of Chlorpyrifos. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 19:423-431.
EcoReference No.: 52531
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
564. Naddy, R. B. and Klaine, S. J. (2001). Effect of Pulse Frequency and Interval on the Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos to Daphnia magna. Chemosphere 45: 497-506 .
EcoReference No.: 61962
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
565. Nagayama, M, Akahori, F., Chiwata, H., Shirai, M, Motoya, M, Masaoka, T., and Sakaguchi, K.
(1996). Effects of Selected Organophosphate Insecticides on Serum Cholinesterase Isoenzyme Patterns
in the Rat. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 38: 196-199.
EcoReference No.: 85636
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,FNTH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,CPY).
566. Nair, G. A., Mohamed, A. I., and Haeba, M. H. (2002). Notes and Records: Laboratory Studies on the
LD(50) of the Woodlouse, Porcellio scaber Latreille (Isopoda, Oniscidea) Exposed to Chlorpyrifos
(Dursban). Afr.J.Ecol. 40: 393-395 .
EcoReference No.: 70221
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
567. Narladkar, B. W., Shastri, U. V., Vadlamudi, V. P., and Shivpuje, P. R. (1993). Relative Toxicity of
Some Modern Insecticides Against Larvae of Culicoides schultzei. Indian Vet.J. 70: 766-768.
EcoReference No.: 15517
Chemical of Concern: CPY,C YP, FNV,C YH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(FNV,CPY,CYP),OK(CYH).
568. Nault, B. A., Straub, R. W., and Taylor, A. G. (2006). Performance of Novel Insecticide Seed
Treatments for Managing Onion Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Onion Fields. Crop Protect. 25:
58-65.
EcoReference No.: 92503
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FPN,SS,CTD,TMX,CYR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(CPY,FPN,CYR).
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569. Nault, B. A., Zhao, J. Z., Straub, R. W., Nyrop, J. P., and Hessney, M. L. (2006). Onion Maggot
(Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Resistance to Chlorpyrifos in New York Onion Fields. J.Econ.Entomol. 99:
1375-1380.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88026
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
570. Navarro, H. A., Basta, P. V., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2001). Neonatal Chlorpyrifos
Administration Elicits Deficits in Immune Function in Adulthood: A Neural Effect? Dev.Brain Res.
130: 249-252.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92574
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
571. Nelson, J. H. and Evans, E. S. (1973). Field Evaluation of the Larvicidal Effectiveness, Effects on
Nontarget Species and Environmental Residues of a Slow-Release Polymer Formulation. Rep.No.44-
022-73/75, U.SArmy Health Services Command, Fort Sam Houston, 7T188p. (NTIS/AD-A002054)
(Author Communication Used).
EcoReference No.: 6035
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.ACC; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
572. Ng, Y. S. and Ahmad, S. (1979). Resistance to Dieldrin and Tolerance to Chlorpyrifos and Bendiocarb
in a Northern New Jersey Population of Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica. J.Econ.Entomol. 72: 698-
700.
EcoReferenceNo.: 52668
Chemical of Concern: BDC,DLD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: No
Media:None, Om, Ph,TARGET(CPY).
573. Nielsen, D. G. and Balderston, C. P. (1975). Evaluation of Insecticides for Preventing Reproduction of
Pales and Northern Pine Weevils in Pine Stumps. J.Econ.Entomol. 68: 205-206.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73554
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CBF,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CBF),TARGET(CBL,CPY).
574. Nielsen, D. G. and Dunlap, M. J. (1988). Control of Pine Needle Scale on Scotch Pine, Wayne County,
Ohio, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 384-385 (No. 27H).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88867
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY,EFV,FNV,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
OK(CPY,FNV),OKTARGET(ACP,CBL).TARGET(EFV),TARGET(CPY).
575. Nielsen, D. G. and Dunlap, M. J. (1988). Evaluating Foliar Sprays for Controlling Birch Leafminers on
Birch, Wayne County, Ohio, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 372 (No. 3H).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88865
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK
TARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
576. Nielsen, S. A., Jensen, K. M. V., Kristensen, M., and Westh, P. (2006). Energetic Cost of Subacute
Chlorpyrifos Intoxication in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 35:
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837-842.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87928
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO; Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
577. Nigam, P. C. (1972). Toxicity of Dursban, Gardona and Seven Other Insecticides Towhite-Pine Weevil
Pissodes Strobi (Peck) and Other Componen Ts of the Forest Ecosystem. Proc.Entomol.Soc.Ont. 103:
55-59.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38137
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
578. Noetzel, D., Ricard, M, and Ford, H. (1992). Control of Banded Sunflower Moth, 1990.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 289.
EcoReferenceNo.: 79761
Chemical of Concern: TLM,FNF,MP,PMR,EFV,ES,CPY,CBF,CYH,CYF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(EFV,CYF,CPY,MP),OK(PMR,CBF).
579. Noetzel, D., Ricard, M., and Heuser, L. (1992). Grasshopper Control in Barley, 1991. In:
A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD
184-185.
EcoReference No.: 79760
Chemical of Concern: EFV,CBF,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(EFV),TARGET(CBL,CPY).
580. Noetzel, D., Ricard, M., and Heuser, L. (1992). Grasshopper Control in Conservation Reserve Program
Land, 1991 . In: A.K.Burditt,Jr. (Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.of
Am., Lanham, MD 185-186.
EcoReference No.: 79759
Chemical of Concern: MLN,ACP,EFV,CBL,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(EFV),OK(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(MLN,ACP,CBL,CPY).
581. Noetzel, D., Ricard, M., Heuser, L., and Rustad, D. (1992). Grasshopper Control in Conservation
Reserve Program Land; Insecticide Comparisons, 1990. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide and
Acaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 178.
EcoReference No.: 79758
Chemical of Concern: CYH,MP,EFV,DMT,CYF,CBL,ACP,CBF,CPY,BFT,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: TARGET(MLN,EFV,CYF,BFT,ACP,CBL,MP, DMT,CPY).
582. Noetzel, D., Ricard, M., and Sheets, B. (1992). Seedcorn Maggot Control in Navy Bean, 1990.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 78 (3E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 92309
Chemical of Concern: DZ,PRT,CPY,Captan; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO COC(TDC),NO MIXTURE(Captan),OK(PRT,DZ).
583. Noetzel, D. and Sheets, B. (1992). Foliar Insect Control in Dry Navy Bean, 1991. In:
A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD
185.
EcoReference No.: 79806
-------
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CBL,MP,CPY,DMT,CYF,MLN,MXC,CYH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: TARGET(MLN,CYF,CBL,MP, DMT,CPY).
584. Noetzel, D. and Sheets, B. (1992). Foliar Insect Control in Lupine, 1989. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed),
Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 347-348.
EcoReference No.: 79804
Chemical of Concern: ES,EFV,MLN,DMT,CYH,CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: TARGET(MLN,EFV, DMT,CPY).
585. Noetzel, D. and Sheets, B. (1992). Seedcorn Maggot Control in Edible Dry Bean, 1989.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 78-79 (No. 4E).
EcoReference No.: 92307
Chemical of Concern: DZ,FNF,MXC,PRT,CPY,HCCH,Captan; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO COC(TDC),NO MIXTURE(Captan),OK(DZ).
586. Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1984. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 367 (No. 459).
EcoReference No.: 88672
Chemical of Concern: MP,PMR,LCYT,FNV,CYP,CYF,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CBL),OK(MP,PMR,LCYT,CYP,CPY,CYF),TARGET(MP,CPY,FNV).
587. Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Control of Armyworm in Barley, 1984. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 223 (No.
289).
EcoReference No.: 88661
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,PMR,CPY,CYF,CYP,CBL,FNF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(CBL),OK(LCYT,PMR,CPY,CYF,CYP,FNF),TARGET(CPY).
588. Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Foliar Sprays for Larval Sunflower Beetle Control, 1984. Insectic.Acaric.Tests
11: 353 (No. 442).
EcoReference No.: 88659
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY,CBL,ES,PMR,FNV,CYF,CBF,LCYT,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CBL),OK(MP,CPY,ES,PMR,CYF,LCYT,CYP),TARGET(MP,CPY,FNV).
589. Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Sandhill Cutworm Control, 1984. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 237 (No. 309).
EcoReference No.: 88660
Chemical of Concern: FNF,CPY,CYF,LCYT,CYP,PMR,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(FNF,CPY,CYF,LCYT,CYP,PMR),OK TARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
590. Noetzel, D. M. and Holder, B. (1994). Aphid Control in Headed Spring Wheat, Crookston, MN, 1993.
ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 291-292 (156F).
EcoReference No.: 89094
Chemical of Concern: DMT,MP,MLN,DS,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(MLN,MP,CPY),OK TARGET (DMT).
591. Noetzel, D. M. and Holder, B. (1993). New Aphicides for Use in Spring Wheat, 1993. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 19: 291-292 (F155).
EcoReference No.: 91045
-------
Chemical of Concern: DMT,MP,MLN,DS,CPY,IMC,PMZ,TZM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DMT,MP,MLN).
592. Noetzel, D. M, Ricard, M, and Bromenshenkel, E. (1988). Armyworm Control, 1987.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 268-269 (No. 119F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88854
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CYP,CYF,EFV,CPY,BFT,CYH,MP,MOM,CBL,TLM,FNV,FVL;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK(CPY,CYH,TLM,FNV),OK TARGET(ALL
CHEMS).
593. Noetzel, D. M., Ricard, M., Holen, C., and Stanislawski, H. (1987). Sunflower Beetle Larval Control,
1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 285 (No. 338).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88705
Chemical of Concern: MP,FNV,FVL,CYP,CPY,MOM,CYH,BFT,CBL,TLM,PMR; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(CPY,CYH,TLM),OK
TARGET(MP,FVL,CYP,MOM,BFT,CBL,PMR),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
594. Norberg-King, T. J. (1987). An Evaluation of the Fathead Minnow Seven-Day Subchronic Test for
Estimating Chronic Toxicity. M.S. Thesis, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY&Op.
EcoReference No.: 17878
Chemical of Concern: AgN,ZnS,CBL,Se,DZ,K2Cr207,CPH,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBL,DZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).
595. Nord, J. C. (1990). Toxicities of Insecticide Residues on Loblolly Pine Foliage to Leaffooted Pine
Seed Bug Adults (Heteroptera: Coreidae). J.Entomol.Sci.25:3-9.
EcoReference No.: 64390
Chemical of Concern: MOM,FNV,DM,AZ,PRM,PSM,FNT,PPX,TCF,MLN,CPYM,CPY,DMT;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(DMT,MLN,AZ),TARGET(MOM,FNV),TARGET(CPYM).
596. Nord, J. C. and DeBarr, G. L. (1992). Persistence of Insecticides in a Loblolly Pine Seed Orchard for
Control of the Leaffooted Pine Seed Bug, Leptoglossus corculus (Say) (Hemiptera: Coreidae).
Can.Entomol. 124: 617-629.
EcoReference No.: 93111
Chemical of Concern: PSM,AZ,CPY,FNV,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(PSM,AZ,CPY,FNV,PMR).
597. Ogg, C. L. and Gold, R. E. (1993). Inclusion of Insecticidal Bait Stations in a German Cockroach
(Orthoptera: Blattellidae) Control Program. J.Econ.Entomol. 86: 61-65.
EcoReferenceNo.: 83235
Chemical of Concern: HMN,ABM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK(ALL
CHEMS),NOCOC(MCPP1),TARGET(CPY).
598. Oleson, J. D., Nowatzki, T. M., and Tollefson, J. J. (1999). Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1998.
Arthropod Manage.Tests 24: 215-217 (F29).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88115
Chemical of Concern: PBP,TBO,TFT,CBF,CPY,PRT,CEX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(CPY),OK(PBP,TBO,TFT,CBF,PRT,CEX).
-------
599. Oleson, J. D., Nowatzki, T. M., and Tollefson, J. J. (1999). Field Corn, Wireworm Larval Control,
1998. Arthropod Manage.Tests 24: 217-218 (F30).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88098
Chemical of Concern: PBP,TBO,TFT,CEX,CPY,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: TARGET(CPY).
600. Oleson, J. D., Nowatzki, T. M., and Tollefson, J. J. (1999). Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1998.
Arthropod Manage.Tests 24: 214-215 (F28).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88118
Chemical of Concern: PBP,TBO,TFT,CEX,CPY,MCB,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(CPY,PRT).
601. Olima, C., Pablo, F., andLim, R. P. (1997). Comparative Tolerance of Three Populations of the
Freshwater Shrimp (Paratya australiensis) to the Organophosphate Pesticide, Chlorpyrifos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 59: 321-328 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 18468
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
602. Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., Gray, M. E., and Steffey, K. L. (1992). Reduced Rates of Soil Insecticides for
CornRootworm Control, 1987-1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr. (Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume
17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 213-214.
EcoReference No.: 79802
Chemical of Concern: TBO,FNF,TFT,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
603. Osborne, L. S. and Chase, A. R. (1987). Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Pythium splendens on Growth of
Rex Begonia . Plant Dis. 71: 525-527.
EcoReference No.: 64397
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
604. Ostlie, K. R. (1992). Insecticide Performance Against First-Generation European Corn Borer-Liquids
vs Granules, 1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr. (Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17,
Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 215-216.
EcoReference No.: 79800
Chemical of Concern: BFT,MP,CBF,CYF,FNF,CPY,EFV,DZ,CBL,PMR,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(BFT,CYF,EFV),OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(DZ,PMR,CBL),TARGET(MP,CPY).
605. Overmyer, J. P., Armbrust, K. L., and Noblet, R. (2003). Susceptibility of Black Fly Larvae (Diptera:
Simuliidae) to Lawn-Care Insecticides Individually and as Mixtures. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 22:
1582-1588.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71060
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(MLN,CBL,CPY).
606. Overmyer, J. P. and Noblet, R. (2003). Influences of a Laboratory Diet and Natural Seston on the
Bioavailability of Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos, and Malathion to Black Fly Larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in
-------
an Acute Toxicity Test. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45: 209-215.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71063
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(MLN,CBL,CPY).
607. Owczarek, M., De Marco, A., De Simone, C., and D'Ambrosio, C. (1999). Evaluation of Toxic and
Genotoxic Activity of Some Pesticides in a Soil-Plant System. Hum.Environ.Exposure
Xenobiot.Proc.Symp.Pestic. 755-762.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93335
Chemical of Concern: DM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
608. Owen, R., Buxton, L., Sarkis, S., Toaspern, M., Knap, A., and Depledge, M. (2002). An Evaluation of
Hemolymph Cholinesterase Activities in the Tropical Scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac, for the Rapid
Assessment of Pesticide Exposure. Mar.Pollut.Bull. 44: 1010-1017.
EcoReference No.: 66311
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
609. Pachamuthu, P. and Kamble, S. T. (2000). In Vivo Study on Combined Toxicity of Metarhizium
anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) Strain ESC-1 with Sublethal Doses of Chlorpyrifos,
Propetamphos, and Cyfluthrin Against German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 60-70.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58589
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CPY,PTP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO; Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(CYF),TARGET(CPY).
610. Padilla, S., Marshall, R. S., Hunter, D. L., Oxendine, S., Moser, V. C., Southerland, S. B., and
Mailman, R. B. (2005). Neurochemical Effects of Chronic Dietary and Repeated High-Level Acute
Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 88: 161-171.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80972
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
611. Pal, B., Mohapatra, D. K.,Das, R., andMohanty, R. C. (1999). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Scenedesmus
bijugatus. Pollut.Res. 18:479-482.
EcoReferenceNo.: 72751
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
612. Pape-Lindstrom, P. A. and Lydy, M. J. (1997). Synergistic Toxicity of Atrazine and Organophosphate
Insecticides Contravenes the Response Addition Mixture Model. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 2415-
2420.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18128
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,MLN,MP,MXC,MVP,TCF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,BEH,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,ATZ,MLN,MP),OK(CPY,MXC,MVP,TCF).
613. Pareek, B. L. and Kavadia, V. S. (1987). Field Evaluation of Insecticides Against Hadda Beetle,
-------
Henosepilachana vigintioctopunctata Fabr. Infesting Musk Melon. Indian J.Plant Prot. 15: 105-107.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89595
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ETN,PHSL,DCF,CBL,TXP,MLN,ES,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(CPY,CBL,MLN,DMT).
614. Park, N. J. and Kamble, S. T. (2001). Decapitation Impacting Effect of Topically Applied
Chlorpyrifos on Acetylcholinesterase and General Esterases in Susceptible and Resistant German
Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 499-505.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58605
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
615. Parr, J. C. andPass,B. C. (1992). Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide
andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 179-180.
EcoReference No.: 79799
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,PMR,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
616. Parr, J. C. andPass,B. C. (1992). Potato Leafhopper Control, 1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.),
Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 180.
EcoReference No.: 79798
Chemical of Concern: PMR,LCYT,CBF,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: TARGET (DMT,CPY).
617. Pasini, A. and Foerster, L. A. (1994). Effect of Insecticides on Calosoma granulatum P. (Coleoptera:
Carabidae). An.Soc.Entomol.Bras. 23: 455-460 .
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
618. Pasquier, D. and Charmillot, P. J. (2003). Effectiveness of Twelve Insecticides Applied Topically to
Diapausing Larvae of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L. Pest Manag.Sci. 60: 305-308.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82551
Chemical of Concern: DFZ,IDC,PHSL,TUZ,FYC,DM,MFZ,IMC,TAP,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ALL CHEMS)TARGET (CPYM).
619. Patel, H. M., Patel, P. U., Dodia, J. F., Patel, M. C., Korat, D. M., and Mehta, K. G. (1997). Effect of
Insecticides on Natural Enemies of Major Insect Pests of Paddy. Gujarat Agric. Univ.Res.J. 22: 147-
151.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93334
Chemical of Concern: CBF,PRT,CPY,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
TARGET(PRT,CPY,ACP),OK(CBF).
620. Patel, M. G., Patel, J. R., and Borad, P. K. (1995). Comparative Efficacy and Economics of Various
Insecticides Against Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) on Mustard in Gujarat. Indian J.Plant Prot. 23:
217-218.
EcoReference No.: 75046
Chemical of Concern: DMT,PPHD,PHSL,ES,CPY,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ACP,DMT,CPY).
621. Patel, M. M., Naik, M. M., Bapodara, J. G., Fatteh, U. G., and Vyas, H. N. (1987). Bioefficacy of
-------
Certain Insecticides Against the Castor Capsule Borer (Dichocrocis punctiferalis) Guenea. Indian
J.PlantProt. 15: 27-30.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91434
Chemical of Concern: DDVP,PHSL,CBL,MP,ES,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MP,CPY),OK(CBL).
622. Pathak, K. A. and Jha, A. N. (1999). Toxicity of Some Insecticides Against Adults of Sitophilus
oryzae, Sitophilus sp. and Sitotroga cerealella. Indian J.Entomol. 61: 320-325.
EcoReference No.: 69725
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
623. Pathiratne, A. and Athauda, P. (1998). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate to Fingerlings of the
Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Cholinesterase Inhibition. Sri Lanka J.Aquat.Sci. 3: 77-84.
EcoReference No.: 69824
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY).
624. Patil, R. S., Bhole, S. D., and Patil, S. P. (1989). Laboratory Evaluation of Some Chemicals for Control
of Swarming Caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) Infesting Rice (Oryza sativa) in Konkan Region of
Maharashtra. Indian J.Agric.Sci. 59: 381-383.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91602
Chemical of Concern: MP,CBL,CPY,ES,CYP,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(MP,CBL,CPY,CYP).
625. Patra, R. W., Chapman, J. C., Lim, R. P., and Gehrke, P. C. (2007). The Effects of Three Organic
Chemicals on the Upper Thermal Tolerances of Four Freshwater Fishes. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 26:
1454-1459.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93501
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,PL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
626. Patton, T. W. and Dively, G. P. (1999). Control of Alfalfa Weevil, 1998. ArthropodManag.Tests 24:
202 (F11).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88130
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,PSM,CPY,CYF,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(LCYT,PMR),OKTARGET(PSM,CPY,CYF).
627. Perez, C. J., Alvarado, P., Narvaez, C., Miranda, F., Hernandez, L., Vanegas, H., Hruska, A., and
Shelton, A. M. (2000). Assessment of Insecticide Resistance in Five Insect Pests Attacking Field and
Vegetable Crops in Nicaragua. J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 1779-1787.
EcoReferenceNo.: 59602
Chemical of Concern: MOM,DM,MTM,CPY,ES,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(MOM),TARGET(CYP,MTM,CPY).
628. Perfecto, I. (1990). Indirect and Direct Effects in a Tropical Agroecosystem: The Maize-Pest-Ant
System in Nicaragua. Ecology 71: 2125-2134.
EcoReference No.: 63962
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
-------
CONC(CBF),TARGET(CPY).
629. Peter, C. and David, B. V. (1988). Comparative Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Apanteles taragamae
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Trop.PestManag. 34: 402-403 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 93426
Chemical of Concern: MOM,MP,ES,CPY,PHSL,FNV,CYP,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MOM,MP,CPY,CYP,FNV,CBL).
630. Peter, C. and Sundararajan, R. (1990). Evaluation of Toxicity of Insecticides to the Larvae of Heliothis
armigera (Hub.) by Topical Application Method. J.Insect Sci. 3: 202-203.
EcoReferenceNo.: 75188
Chemical of Concern: CYP,DM,FPP,FNV,FVL,EFX,ES,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CPY).
631. Peters, L. L. (1986). Greenbug and Corn Leaf Aphid Control, 1983. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 329-331
(416).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88750
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNF,TBO,CBF,ADC,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY),OK(ADC).
632. Phillips, T. A., Summerfelt, R. C., Wu, J., and Laird, D. A. (2003). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos Adsorbed
on Humic Colloids to Larval Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45 : 258-
263.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71884
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
633. Phillips, T. A., Wu, J., Summerfelt, R. C., and Atchison, G. J. (2002). Acute Toxicity and
Cholinesterase Inhibition in Larval and Early Juvenile Walleye Exposed to Chlorpyrifos.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1469-1474.
EcoReference No.: 64958
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
634. Phipps, G. L., Mattson, V. R., and Ankley, G. T. (1995). Relative Sensitivity of Three Freshwater
Benthic Macroinvertebrates to Ten Contaminants. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 28: 281-286.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14907
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDT,Cd,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cu; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,Cu),OK(ALL CHEMS).
635. Pinese, B. (1987). Chlorpyrifos-Impregnated Bunch Covers and Insecticides Control Banana Rust
Thrips. Qld.J.Agric.Anim.Sci. 44: 113-116.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56021
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,DDT,DLD,CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,CPY),OK(DLD),NO MIXTURE(DDT,HCCH).
636. Pitre, H. N. (1988). Relationship of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Florida,
Honduras, Jamaica, and Mississippi: Susceptibility to Insecticides with Reference to Migration.
Fla.Entomol. 71: 56-61.
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EcoReference No.: 73699
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CBL,PMR,CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK,TARGET(CBL),TARGET(MOM,MP,CPY).
637. Potter, D. A., Buxton, M. C., Redmond, C. T., Patterson, C. G., and Powell, A. J. (1990). Toxicity of
Pesticides to Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) and Effect on Thatch Degradation in Kentucky
Bluegrass Turf. J.Econ.Entomol. 83:2362-2369.
EcoReference No.: 71484
Chemical of Concern:
BMY,IZF,PCZ,CTN,TCF,PDM,IFP,FRM,EP,CPY,DZ,CBL,BDC,24DXY,TPR,DMB; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ,CTN,CPY),OK(ALL
CHEMS).
638. Powell, J. E., King, E. G. Jr., and Jany, C. S. (1986). Toxicity of Insecticides to Adult Microplitis
croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 1343-1346.
EcoReference No.: 91911
Chemical of Concern: FNV,MP,CPY,AZ,MLN,PMR,TXP,DCTP,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(FNV,MP,CPY,AZ,MLN,PMR).
639. Pozo, C., Martinez-Toledo, M. V., Salmeron, V., Rodelas, B., and Gonzalez-Lopez, J. (1995). Effect of
Chlorpyrifos on Soil Microbial Activity. Eniron.Toxicol.Chem. 14: 187-192.
EcoReference No.: 53284
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
640. Prabhaker, N, Castle, S. J., and Toscano, N. C. (2006). Susceptibility of Immature Stages of
Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) to Selected Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 99:
1805-1812.
EcoReference No.: 88144
Chemical of Concern: IMC,CPY,DMT,ES,BFT,CYF,EFV,FPP,ACT,TMX; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET (DMT)TARGET(EFV),TARGET(CPY).
641. Prasad, G. R., Joshi, B. G., and Rao, S. N. (1986). Relative Efficacy of Some Insecticides and Neem
Seed Kernel Suspension Against Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius on Tobacco. Indian
J.PlantProt. 14:69-74.
EcoReference No.: 92886
Chemical of Concern: DM,FNV,CPY,AZD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(FNV,AZD,CPY).
642. Free, D. J., Whitty, K. J., Bittner, L. A., and Pogoda, M. K. (2002). Mechanisms of Resistance to
Organophosphorus Insecticides in Populations of the Obliquebanded Leafroller Choristoneura
rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Southern Ontario. PestManag.Sci. 59:79-84.
EcoReference No.: 74170
Chemical of Concern: MOM,Naled,CPY,CBL,CYPl; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM,ACC;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MOM),TARGET(CYP,CBL,Naled,CPY).
643. Free, D. J., Whitty, K. J., Van Driel, L., and Walker, G. M. (1998). Resistance to Insecticides in
Oriental Fruit Moth Populations (Grapholita molesta) from the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario.
Can.Entomol. 130: 245-256.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 63915
Chemical of Concern:
MOM,PFF,CBF,AZ,PSM,EPRN,MLN,Naled,FNT,CPY,ACP,MTM,MDT,CBL,CYP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP.MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MOM,MLN,MTM,CBL,ACP,AZ,Naled,CPY),NO
CONTROL(CBF,CYP),OK(PFF,PSM,EPRN,FNT,MDT).
644. Presley, S. M. and Wright, R. E. (1986). Field Test of Pyrethroid Ear Tags, Sprays, and a Pour-on
Formulation for Control of Horse Flies on Cattle. J.Agric.Entomol. 3: 369-373.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92549
Chemical of Concern: FNV,PMR,CYP,CPY,CMPH,DDVP,FYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(FNV,PMR,CYP,CPY).
645. Preston, B. L., Snell, T. W., Robertson, T. L., and Dingmann, B. J. (2000). Use of Freshwater Rotifer
Brachionus calyciflorus in Screening Assay for Potential Endocrine Disrupters.
Emiron.Toxicol.Chem. 19: 2923-2928.
EcoReference No.: 60076
Chemical of Concern: NYP,NaPCP,CPY,Cd,PAH,MTPN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MTPN,NaPCP),OK(ALL CHEMS).
646. Pretorius, M. W., Van Ark, H., and Mohr, J. D. (1991). Preliminary Mound-Fumigation Trials for the
Control of Trinervitermes trinervoides Colonies (Isoptera: Termitidae). Phytophylactica23\ 89-90.
EcoReference No.: 74747
Chemical of Concern: ALP,CST,CPY,CTC,HCCH,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK,TARGET(CPY).
647. Prickett, A. J. and Ratcliffe, C. A. (1977). The Behaviour of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and
Sitophilus granarius (L.) in the Presence of Insecticide-Treated Surfaces. J.StoredProd.Res. 13: 145-
148.
EcoReferenceNo.: 53317
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,BRSM,PYN,HCCH,DDT,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),OK TARGET(CPY),OK(BRSM).
648. Prijono, D., Robinson, M., Rauf, A., Bjorksten, T., and Hoffmann, A. A. (2004). Toxicity of
Chemicals Commonly Used in Indonesian Vegetable Crops to Liriomyza huidobrensis Populations and
the Indonesian Parasitoids Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Opius sp., and Gronotoma micromorpha, as well
as the Australian Parasitoids Hemiptarsenus varicornis and Diglyphus isaea. J.Econ.Entomol. 97:
1191-1197.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90299
Chemical of Concern: ABM,MZB,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(MZB,CPY),OK(ABM),NO COC(Maneb).
649. Prischmann, D. A., James, D. G., Wright, L. C., Teneyck, R. D., and Snyder, W. E. (2005). Effects of
Chlorpyrifos and Sulfur on Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Their Natural Enemies.
Biol.Control 33: 324-334.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92880
Chemical of Concern: CPY,SFR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY).
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650. Pusey, B. J., Arthington, A. H., and McLean, J. (1994). The Effects of a Pulsed Application of
Chlorpyrifos on Macroinvertebrate Communities in an Outdoor Artificial Stream System.
Ecotoxicol.Emiron.Saf. 27(3): 221-250.
EcoReferenceNo.: 4186
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
651. Qiao, D., Seidler, F. J., Abreu-Villaca, Y., Tate, C. A., Cousins, M. M, and Slotkin, T. A. (2004).
Chlorpyrifos Exposure During Neurulation: Cholinergic Synaptic Dysfunction and Cellular Alterations
in Brain Regions at Adolescence and Adulthood. Dev.Brain Res. 148: 43-52.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92627
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
652. Quisenberry, S., Whitford, F., and Lee, J. W. (1988). Fall Armyworm Control in Louisiana, 1987.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 13: 195 (No. 28F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88849
Chemical of Concern: TDC,CPY,MP,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
OK(CPY),OKTARGET(TDC,MP,CBL),TARGET(CPY).
653. Quistad, G. B., Klintenberg, R., Caboni, P., Liang, S. N, and Casida, J. E. (2006). Monoacylglycerol
Lipase Inhibition by Organophosphorus Compounds Leads to Elevation of Brain 2-
Arachidonoylglycerol and the Associated Hypomotility in Mice. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 211: 78-83.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93529
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF,CPYO,PRN,DDVP,DZ,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,BCM;
Rejection Code: ,LITE EVAL CODED(CPYO),OK(TBF,DZ)NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
654. Quistad, G. B., Sparks, S. E., and Casida, J. E. (2001). Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition by
Neurotoxic Organophosphorus Pesticides. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 173: 48-55.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87216
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PFF,TBF,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,PHY,MOR,BEH;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,TBF).
655. Quistad, G. B., Sparks, S. E., Segall, Y., Nomura, D. K., and Casida, J. E. (2002). Selective Inhibitors
of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Relative to Neuropathy Target Esterase and Acetylcholinesterase:
Toxicological Implications. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 179:57-63.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87217
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY,DZ,MP,FNTH,PFF,FNT,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,PHY,BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DMT,CPY),OK(DZ,FNTH,PFF,FNT),NOENDPOINT(MP,TBF).
656. Radhakrishnaiah, K., Sivaramakrishna, B., Suresh, A., and Chamundeswari, P. (1995). Pesticidal
Impact on the Protein Metabolism of Freshwater Field Crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius).
Biomed.Environ.Sci. 8: 137-148.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18025
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.CEL; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBF).
657. Rafalimanana, H., Kaiser, L., and Delpuech, J. M. (2002). Stimulating Effects of the Insecticide
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Chlorpyrifos on Host Searching and Infestation Efficacy of a Parasitoid Wasp. PestManag.Sci. 58:
321-328.
EcoReference No.: 66558
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
658. Rahman, M. F., Mahboob, M., Danadevi, K., Banu, B. S., and Grover, P. (2002). Assessment of
Genotoxic Effects of Chloropyriphos and Acephate by the Comet Assay in Mice Leucocytes.
Mutat.Res. 516: 139-147.
EcoReference No.: 87473
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ACP,CPY).
659. Rai, K. M., Joshi, R., and Gupta, B. P. (1986). Evergestis forficalis (L) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) a
New Pest of Crucifers with Its Biology and Control. Prog.Hortic. 18: 157-162.
EcoReference No.: 89400
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,MLN,HCCH,ES,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(MLN),TARGET(MP,CPY).
660. Raines, K. W., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2001). Alterations in Serotonin Transporter
Expression in Brain Regions of Rats Exposed Neonatally to Chlorpyrifos. Dev.Brain Res. 130: 65-72.
EcoReference No.: 92622
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
661. Rajamani, S., Pasalu, I. C., Dani, R. C., and Kulshreshtha, J. P. (1987 ). Evaluation of Insecticides and
Plant Products for the Control of Insect Pests of Rainfed Upland Rice. Indian J.Plant Prot. 15: 43-50.
EcoReference No.: 74590
Chemical of Concern: PRT,ES,IFP,CPY,CBF,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
PHY,POP,MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,PRT,CPY),OK(ES,IFP,HCCH).
662. Rajapakse, R. and Jayasena, K. W. (1989). Investigations on the Vectors of the Leaf Curl of Chilli
Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). InternJ.Trop.Agric. 7:
274-280.
EcoReference No.: 89391
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,OXD,TDC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(OXD,TDC),EFFICACY(CPY).
663. Rakotondravelo, M. L., Anderson, T. D., Charlton, R. E., and Zhu, K. Y. (2006). Sublethal Effects of
Three Pesticides on Larval Survivorship, Growth, and Macromolecule Production in the Aquatic
Midge, Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae). Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 352-359.
EcoReference No.: 89548
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DDT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,CEL,BCM,POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ATZ,CPY),OK(DDT).
664. Ramaprasad, G., Joshi, B. G., Sitaramaiah, S., and Chari, M. S. (1989). Efficacy of Insecticides in Bait
Formulations for Control of Fourth Instar Larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabricius in Tobacco Nurseries.
Indian J.Plant Prot. 17:53-57.
EcoReference No.: 92884
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Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY,FNV).
665. Rao, J. V., Pavan, Y. S., and Madhavendra, S. S. (2003). Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Morphology
and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 54: 296-
301.
EcoReference No.: 69664
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.CEL.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
666. Rao, J. V., Rani, C. H. S., Kavitha, P., Rao, R. N, and Madhavendra, S. S. (2003). Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos to the Fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 70: 985-992.
EcoReference No.: 71907
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.ACC.CEL: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
667. Ratchford, K. (1986). Insect Control on Soybeans, 1985. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 347-348 (No. 434).
EcoReference No.: 88667
Chemical of Concern: PDM,TDC,CBL,CYF,PMR,FNV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(FNV),TARGET(CBL),OK(CYF,PDM),EFFICACY(CBL,TDC,PMR,CPY).
668. Ratchford, K., Graves, J. B., Pavloff, A. M., and Burris, G. (1987). Efficacy of Foliar Insecticides on
Early Season Thrips and Aphids and Mid-Season Aphids in Cotton, 1986. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12:
237-238 (No. 276).
EcoReference No.: 88773
Chemical of Concern: SPS,ACP,FVL,DMT,ADC,MTM,CYH,MLN,CYP,DCTP,TLM,CPY,BFT;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(MTM,MLN),EFFICACY(DMT,ADC,CYH,CYP,CPY,BFT).
669. Rathburn, C. B. Jr. and Boike, A. H. Jr. (1975). Ultra Low Volume Tests for Several Insecticides
Applied by Ground Equipment for the Control of Adult Mosquitoes. Mosq.News 35: 26-29.
EcoReference No.: 87276
Chemical of Concern: RSM,MLN,PYN,PPB,NALED,FNTH,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: TARGET (MLN,Naled,CPY).
670. Rawlings, N. C., Cook, S. J., and Waldbillig, D. (1998). Effects of the Pesticides Carbofuran,
Chlorpyrifos, Dimethoate, Lindane, Triallate, Trifluralin, 2,4-D, and Pentachlorophenol on the
Metabolic Endocrine and Reproductive Endocrine System in Ewes. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health Part A
54:21-36.
EcoReference No.: 61494
Chemical of Concern: TFN,CBF,DMT,24DXY,CPY,PCP,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(24DXY,CPY,CBF,DMT),OK(HCCH,TFN).
671. Rawlins, S. C. and Mansingh, A. (1978). Patterns of Resistance to Various Acaricides in Some
Jamaican Populations of Boophilus microplus. J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 956-960.
EcoReference No.: 72313
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DZ,HCCH,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(DZ,CBL,CPY).
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672. Razig, A. A. and Osman, 0. M. (1987). Resistance and Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
(Latreille, 1806) to Ixodicide Chemicals in the Sudan. Int.Pest Control 29: 70-72.
EcoReferenceNo.: 72319
Chemical of Concern: DLD,HCCH,CMPH,CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(DMT),NO COC(MTAS,DZ),TARGET(CPY).
673. Redmond, C., Buxton, M., and Potter, D. A. (1988). Control of Bagworms on Eastern Red Cedar,
1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 372-373 (No. 5H).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88866
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK
TARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
674. Redmond, C., Buxton, M., and Potter, D. A. (1988). Prevention of Japanese Beetle Defoliation with
Foliar Insecticides, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 362 (No. 66G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88864
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK(CPY),OK
TARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
675. Reed, J. T. and Grant, R. R. (1987). Evaluation of Insecticides for Early Season Thrips Control in
Mississippi, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 244-245 (No. 285).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88776
Chemical of Concern: PRT,ACP,TLM,ADC,TBO,CYP,CYH,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,PRT),OK(ACP,TLM,ADC,TBO,CYP,CYH).
676. Reinecke, S. A. and Reinecke, A. J. (2007). Biomarker Response and Biomass Change of Earthworms
Exposed to Chlorpyrifos in Microcosms. Ecotoxicol.Environ. Saf. 66: 92-101.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92502
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP.MOR.BEH.BCM: Rejection Code:
OK TARGET(CPY).
677. Reinecke, S. A. and Reinecke, A. J. (2007). The Impact of Organophosphate Pesticides in Orchards on
Earthworms in the Western Cape, South Africa. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 66: 244-251.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92818
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),NO FATE(AZ).
678. Reisen, W. K., Yoshimura, G., Reeves, W. C., Milby, M. M., and Meyer, R. P. (1984). The Impact of
Aerial Applications of Ultra-Low Volume Adulticides on Culex tarsalis Populations (Diptera:
Culicidae) in Kern County, California, USA, 1982. J.Med.Entomol. 21: 573-585.
EcoReference No.: 70041
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.PHY: Rejection Code:
TARGET(RSM,CPY).
679. Reissig, H. , Dunham, D., and Smith, C. (1995). Apple Tests of New Compounds Against Oblr 1994.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 20: 31-32.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82548
Chemical of Concern: DKGNa,AZD,CPY,ABM,TUZ,MFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DKGNa,AZD,CPY),NO MIXTURE(ABM,TUZ,MFZ).
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680. Reissig, H., Dunham, M., and Smith, C. (1999). Comparison of Insecticides Against OBLR, 1998.
Arthropod Manage.Tests 24: 37-40 (A27).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88134
Chemical of Concern: TUZ,MFZ,EMMB,EFV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: TARGET(EFV),TARGET(CPY).
681. Rendon-von Osten, J., Ortiz-Arana, A., Guilhermino, L., and Scares, A. M. V. M. (2005). In Vivo
Evaluation of Three Biomarkers in the Mosquitofish (Gambusia yucatana) Exposed to Pesticides.
Chemosphere 58: 627-636.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80447
Chemical of Concern: GYP,CPY,CBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.ACC: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(GYP,CBF).
682. Rethwisch, M. D., Tellez, D., and McDaniel, C. W. (1992). Control of Early Season Alfalfa Insects,
1991. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 180-182.
EcoReference No.: 79797
Chemical of Concern: PYN,DMT,CPY,LCYT,CYP,PMR,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(DMT,CPY,CYP,PMR).
683. Rettich, F. (1979). Laboratory and Field Investigations in Czechoslovakia with Fenitrothion,
Pirimiphos-Methyl, Temephos and Other Organophosphorous Larvicides. Mosq.News 39: 320-328
(Author Communication Used).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5162
Chemical of Concern:
ABT,CPY,DZ,MLN,CMPH,DMT,Naled,DDT,FNT,PIRM,TMP,TCF,DDW,TVP; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,DMT,MLN),OK(ALL
CHEMS).
684. Reuveny, H. and Cohen, E. (2004). Resistance of the Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep.,
Tortricidae) to Pesticides in Israel. JAppl.Entomol. 128:645-651.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82561
Chemical of Concern: CPY,NVL,MP,MFZ,DFZ,FYC,PYX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK(CPY,NVL,MP,DFZ,FYC,PYX),NO ENDPOINT(MFZ),TARGET(MP,CPY).
685. Ribeiro, B. M., Guedes, R. N. C., Oliveira, E. E., and Santos, J. P. (2003). Insecticide Resistance and
Synergism in Brazilian Populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J.Stored
Prod.Res. 39:21-31.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71409
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,DM,PMR,MLN,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: NO CONC(PPB),OK(PMR,MLN),OK TARGET(CYP),TARGET (MLN,CPY).
686. Ricceri, L., Markina, N., Valanzano, A., Fortuna, S., Cometa, M. F., Meneguz, A., and Calamandrei,
G. (2003). Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Reactivity to Environmental and Social
Cues in Adolescent Mice. ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol. 191: 189-201.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92626
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
687. Rice, P. J. and Coats, J. R. (1994). Insecticidal Properties of Several Monoterpenoids to the House Fly
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(Diptera: Muscidae), Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Southern Corn Rootworm
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 87: 1172-1179.
EcoReference No.: 66925
Chemical of Concern: PYN,DDW,CPY,CIN,GER,LIN,MEN,TML,UBN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
688. Rice, P. J., Drewes, C. D., Klubertanz, T. M., Bradbury, S. P., and Coats, J. R. (1997). Acute Toxicity
and Behavioral Effects of Chlorpyrifos, Permethrin, Phenol, Strychnine, and 2,4-Dinitrophenol to 30-
Day-Old Japanese Medaka (Oryzias. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 696-704.
EcoReference No.: 17866
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PL,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH,CEL,GRO,ACC;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
689. Richards, S. M. (2000). Chlorpyrifos: Exposure and Effects in Passerines and Anurans. Ph.D.Thesis,
Texas Tech.Univ., Lubbock, TX 147 p.
EcoReference No.: 86343
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: BEH,CEL,BCM,PHY,MOR,GRO;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
690. Richards, S. M., Anderson, T. A., Hooper, M. J., McMurry, S. T., Wall, S. B., Awata, H., Mayes, M.
A., and Kendall, R. J. (2000). European Starling Nestling Response to Chlorpyrifos Exposure in a
Corn Agroecosystem. Toxicol.Environ.Chem. 75: 215-234.
EcoReference No.: 64826
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.GRO.BCM.REP.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
691. Richards, S. M. and Kendall, R. J. (2002). Biochemical Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Two Developmental
Stages of Xenopus laevis. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1826-1835.
EcoReference No.: 68227
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
692. Richards, S. M. and Kendall, R. J. (2003). Physical Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Two Stages of Xenopus
laevis. J.Toxicol.Environ.HealthPartA 66: 75-91.
EcoReference No.: 71867
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.BEH.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
693. Richardson, J. R. and Chambers, J. E. (2005). Effects of Repeated Oral Postnatal Exposure to
Chlorpyrifos on Cholinergic Neurochemistry in Developing Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 84: 352-359.
EcoReference No.: 80616
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
694. Richardson, J. R. and Chambers, J. E. (2004). Neurochemical Effects of Repeated Gestational
Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Developing Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 77: 83-90.
EcoReference No.: 80698
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.GRO.BCMCEL; Rejection Code: LITE
-------
EVAL CODED(CPY).
695. Richardson, R. J., Moore, T. B., Kayyali, U. S., and Randall, J. C. (1993). Chlorpyrifos: Assessment
of Potential for Delayed Neurotoxicity by Repeated Dosing in Adult Hens with Monitoring of Brain
Acetylcholinesterase, Brain and Lymphocyte Neurotoxic Esterase, and Plasma Butyrylcholinesterase
Activities. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 21: 89-96.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90874
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO.BEH.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
696. Riedl, H., Weires, R. W., Seaman, A., and Hoying, S. A. (1985). Seasonal Biology and Control of the
Dogwood Borer Synanthedon scitula (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) on Clonal Apple Rootstocks in New
York. Can.Entomol. 117: 1367-1377.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92914
Chemical of Concern: MP,FNV,CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(FNV,CPY,MP).
697. Riskallah, M. R. (1984). Influence of Different Synergists on the Toxicity of Some Insecticides to
Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 54: 126-130.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92448
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF,PPB,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(TBF,PPB),OKTARGET(CPY,FNV).
698. Riskallah, M. R. (1984). Influence of Posttreatment Temperature on the Toxicity of Pyrethroid
Insecticides to Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera
littoralis (Boisd.). Experiential: 188-190.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92552
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MOM,PMR,FNV,DM,CYP,FYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(CPY,MOM,PMR,FNV,CYP),NO COC(TBF).
699. Roast, S. D., Thompson, R. S., Donkin, P., Widdows, J., and Jones, M. B. (1999). Toxicity of the
Organophosphate Pesticides Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate to Neomysis integer (Crustacea:
Mysidacea). Water Res. 33: 319-326.
EcoReferenceNo.: 53635
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DMT,CPY).
700. Roast, S. D., Widdows, J., and Jones, M. B. (2000). Disruption of Swimming in the Hyperbenthic
Mysid Neomysis integer (Peracarida: Mysidacea) by the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos.
Aquat.Toxicol. 47: 227-241.
EcoReferenceNo.: 53636
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
701. Roast, S. D., Widdows, J., and Jones, M. B. (1999). Scope for Growth of the Estuarine Mysid
Neomysis integer (Peracarida: Mysidacea): Effects of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos.
Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 191:233-241.
EcoReference No.: 60867
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
-------
EVAL CODED(CPY).
702. Roberts, B. L. and Dorough, H. W. (1984). Relative Toxicities of Chemicals to the Earthworm Eisenia
foetida. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 3: 67-78.
EcoReferenceNo.: 40531
Chemical of Concern:
DU,FNV,ES,FNF,FML,NCTN,CBD,MLN,PRN,Captan,TPM,PPB,DCTP,ACP,BMY,MBZ,PAQT,BN
Z,CH3I,TFN,NaN03,AZ,24DXY,NP,Cd,Pb,CuS,DDT,PAH,IDM,DMM,CYP,PMR,CBF,ADC,MOM,
CBL,PPX,CPY,NHN,CTC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(FNV,CPY,Captan,MLN,ADC,CBL,NCTN,CBF,MOM,PPB,CuS,CYP),OK(ALL
CHEMS)//NO MEDIA:FLT, OM, pH(EcoSSL)//.
703. Roberts, D. and Miller, T. A. (1970). The Effects of Diatoms on the Larvicidal Activity of Dursban
November 1969-March 1970. Entomological Special Study No.31-002-71, U.S.Army
Environ.Hyg.Agency, United States Dep.of the Army 14 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5163
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
704. Robinson, J. R. C. and Teetes, G. L. (1987). Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge on Grain Sorghum,
1986. ImecticAcaric.Tests 12: 270 (No. 320).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88707
Chemical of Concern: TLM,CPY,ETN,DS,DZ,PRN,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(DS,CPY,DZ,CBL).
705. Rodrigues, C. S., Molloy, D., and Kaushik, N. K. (1983). Laboratory Evaluation of Microencapsulated
Formulations of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Against Black Fly Larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Selected.
Can.Entomol. 115: 1189-1201.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11650
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYM).
706. Rodrigues, G. S., Pimentel, D., and Weinstein, L. H. (1998). In Situ Assessment of Pesticide
Genotoxicity in an Integrated Pest Management Program I - Tradescantia Micronucleus Assay.
Mutat.Res. 412: 235-244.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73531
Chemical of Concern: CZE,CPY,MTL,Captan; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MTL,CPY),OK(Captan).
707. Rodriguez, E., Campos, M., Raya, A. J. S., and Pena, A. (2003). Effect of the Combined Treatment of
Insecticides and an Attractant for the Control of _Phloeotribus scarabaeoides_, a Pest of _01ea
europea_. PestManag.Sci. 59: 339-346 .
EcoReference No.: 69897
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,MDT,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,REP; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(DMT),TARGET(CYP, DMT,CPY).
708. Romani, R., Isani, G., De Santis, A., Giovannini, E., and Rosi, G. (2005). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on
the Catalytic Efficiency and Expression Level of Acetylcholinesterases in the Bivalve Mollusk
Scapharca inaequivalvis. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24: 2879-2886.
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 93251
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
709. Rose, R. M., Warne, M. S. J., and Lim, R. P. (2001). The Presence of Chemicals Exuded by Fish
Affects the Life-History Response of Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia to Chemicals with Different Mechanisms
of Action. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 20: 2892-2898.
EcoReference No.: 60979
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FYC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP.MOR.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(FYC).
710. Rose, R. M., Warne, M. St. J., and Lim, R. P. (2002). Food Concentration Affects the Life History
Response of Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia to Chemicals with Different Mechanisms of Action.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 51: 106-114.
EcoReference No.: 65825
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FYC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP.MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,FYC).
711. Rosenheim, J. A. and Hoy, M. A. (1986). Intraspecific Variation in Levels of Pesticide Resistance in
Field Populations of a Parasitoid, Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): The Role of Past
Selection Pressures. J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 1161-1173.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91027
Chemical of Concern: MDT,MLN,DMT,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
712. Rosenheim, J. A. and Hoy, M. A. (1988). Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on the Parasitoid Aphytis
melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 476-483.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93319
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT,MLN,MDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,POP;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CBL,CPY,DMT,MLN).
713. Ross, D. C. and Brown, T. M. (1982). Inhibition of Larval Growth in Spodoptera frugiperda by
Sublethal Dietary Concentrations of Insecticides. J.Agric.Food Chem. 30: 193-196.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90474
Chemical of Concern:
FNV,PMR,DDT,ES,TXP,ADC,CBL,MCB,MOM,TDC,CPY,MP,PFF,SPS,TCF,AMZ,DFZ,MTPN,PP
B; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MTPN,MOM,MP,CPY,FNV).
714. Ross, D. C., Crim, J. W., Brown, M. R., Herzog, G. A., and Lea, A. 0. (1987). Toxic and Antifeeding
Actions of Melittin in the Corn Earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie): Comparisons to Bee Venom and the
Insecticides Chlorpyrifos and Cyromazine. Toxicon 25: 307-313.
EcoReference No.: 68739
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.BEH.PHY: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
715. Rowsey, P. J., Metzger, B. L., Carlson, J., and Gordon, C. J. (2003). Effects of Exercise Conditioning
on Thermoregulatory Responses to Repeated Administration of Chlorpyrifos. Environ.Res. 92 : 27-34.
EcoReference No.: 81519
-------
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
716. Roy, T. S., Andrews, J. E., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (1998). Chlorpyrifos Elicits Mitotic
Abnormalities and Apoptosis in Neuroepithelium of Cultured Rat Embryos. Teratology 58: 62-68.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93418
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
717. Roy, T. S., Sharma, V., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2005). Quantitative Morphological
Assessment Reveals Neuronal and Glial Deficits in Hippocampus after a Brief Subtoxic Exposure to
Chlorpyrifos in Neonatal Rats. Dev.Brain Res. 155:71-80.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92501
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
718. Royer, T. A., Edelson, J. V., and Cartwright, B. (1986). Onion Thrips Control, 1985.
ImecticAcaric.Tests 11: 149-150 (No. 206).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88799
Chemical of Concern: BFT,DZ,MLN,AZ,MP,MOM,CPY,PMR,ACP,CYF,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(DZ,MOM,MLN),OK(ALL
CHEMS),TARGET(MP,CPY).
719. Royer, T. A., Edelson, J. V., and Cartwright, B. (1987). Worm Control on Cabbage, 1985.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 12: 103 (No. 109).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88726
Chemical of Concern:
EFV,CYF,PMR,MTM,CPY,MOM,ES,CBL,MLN,DZ,MP,AZ,FVL,MW,DMT,MXC,OXD,Naled;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ALL
CHEMS),TARGET(Naled,MP,CPY).
720. Ruber, E. and Kocor, R. (1976). The Measurement of Upstream Migration in a Laboratory Stream as
an Index of Potential Side-Effects of Temephos and Chlorpyrifos on Gammarus fasciatus (Amphipoda,
Crustacea). Mosq.News 36: 424-429.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5164
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
721. Ruppel, R. F. and Laughlin, C. W. (1977). Toxicity of Some Soil Pesticides to Earthworms.
J.Kans.Entomol.Soc. 50: 113-118.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38599
Chemical of Concern: PHSL,DZ,CHD,DS,FMP,PRT,FNF,PPX,OML,MOM,EP,CPY,CBF,ADC;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(ADC,CBF,PRT,DZ).
722. Rushton, S. P. and Luff, M. L. (1988). The Use of Multivariate Ordination Techniques to Assess the
Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Ground Beetle and Spider Communities in Grassland. Monogr.- Br.Crop
Prot.Counc. 40: 175-181.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
-------
723. Rust, M. K. and Smith, J. L. (1993). Toxicity and Repellency of Components in Formulated
Termiticides Against Western Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). J.Econ.Entomol.
86: 1131-1135.
EcoReference No.: 68420
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
724. Saad, A. S. A., Elewa, M. A., Zaghloul, 0. A., Awad, H. A., and Masoud, M. A. (1985). Toxicological
and Histopathological Studies on Spiny Bollworm (Earias insulana). In: 37th Int.Symp.,On Crop
Protection, Ghent, Belgium.Mededfac landbouwwet rijksuniv gent 50: 735-750.
EcoReference No.: 92602
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNV,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY,FNV,TDC).
725. Sachan, G. C. and Sharma, S. (1987). Effect of Some Insecticides on Germination and Seedling Vigor
ofToriaSeed. Indian J.Plant Prot. 15:65-67.
EcoReference No.: 53779
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CBF,AND,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ES,CBF,AND,DDT).
726. Sames IV, W. J., Bueno, R. Jr., Hayes, J., and Olson, J. K. (1996). Insecticide Susceptibility of Aedes
aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico.
J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 12: 487-490.
EcoReference No.: 70039
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(RSM,CPY).
727. Samsam, T. E., Hunter, D. L., and Bushnell, P. J. (2005). Effects of Chronic Dietary and Repeated
Acute Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on Learning and Sustained Attention in Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 87: 460-
468.
EcoReference No.: 80739
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. BEH. GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
728. Sanchez-Fortun, S., Sanz, F., and Barahona, M. V. (1996). Acute Toxicity of Several
Organophosphorous Insecticides and Protection by Cholinergic Antagonists and 2-PAM on Artemia
salina Larvae. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 31: 391-398 .
EcoReference No.: 18249
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,MP).
729. Sanchez-Ramos, I. and Castanera, P. (2003). Laboratory Evaluation of Selective Pesticides Against the
Storage Mite Tyrophagus Putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae). J.Med.Entomol. 40: 475-481.
EcoReference No.: 82058
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HFR,HFZ,PYX,AZD,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,GRO;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
730. Sandahl, J. (2004). Biochemical and Physiological Indicators of Behavioral Impairment in Salmonids
Exposed to Chlorpyrifos and Copper. Ph.D.Thesis, Oregon State University,OR 140 p.
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 82495
Chemical of Concern: Cu,CP Y,EF V; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,EFV),OK(Cu).
731. Sandahl, J. F., Baldwin, D. H., Jenkins, J. J., and Scholz, N. L. (2005 ). Comparative Thresholds for
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Behavioral Impairment in Coho Salmon Exposed to Chlorpyrifos.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24: 136-145 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 80431
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
732. Sandahl, J. F., Baldwin, D. H., Jenkins, J. J., and Scholz, N. L. (2004 ). Odor-Evoked Field Potentials
as Indicators of Sublethal Neurotoxicity in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Exposed to
Copper, Chlorpyrifos, or Esfenvalerate. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 61: 404-413.
EcoReferenceNo.: 75184
Chemical of Concern: Cu,CP Y,EF V; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(EFV,CPY),OK(Cu).
733. Sanders, H. 0. (1972). Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Four Species of Malacostracan Crustaceans.
Tech.Pap.No.66, Bur.Sports Fish.Wildl, Fish Wildl.Serv., U.S.D.I., Washington, D.C. 19 p. (Publ in
Part As 6797).
EcoReferenceNo.: 887
Chemical of Concern: AZ,MLN,CBL,CMPH,CPY,DS,HCCH,MLN,Naled,PRT,PSM,ATN,DZ,OXD;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,OXD,CBL,DZ,PRT,ATN,MLN),OK(ALLCHEMS).
734. Sarao, P. S. and Singh, G. (1998). Sublethal Influence of Insecticides on Reproduction of Mustard
Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach). J.Insect Sci. 11: 5-8.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89411
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(CPY,TARGET-MLN),TARGET(CPY).
735. Scharf, M. E., Kaakeh, W., and Bennett, G. W. (1997). Changes in an Insecticide-Resistant Field
Population of German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) After Exposure to an Insecticide Mixture.
J.Econ.Entomol. 90: 38-48.
EcoReference No.: 64280
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,CYP,CPY,PYX,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(PPB,PYX),OK(LCYT,CPY),OK TARGET(CYP),TARGET(CPY).
736. Scharf, M. E., Neal, J. J., and Bennett, G. W. (1998). Changes of Insecticide Resistance Levels and
Detoxication Enzymes Following Insecticide Selection in the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica
(L.). Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 59: 67-79.
EcoReference No.: 68972
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
737. Schimmel, S. C., Garnas, R. L., Patrick, J. M. Jr., and Moore, J. C. (1983). Acute Toxicity,
Bioconcentration, and Persistence of AC 222,705, Benthiocarb, Chlorpyrifos, and Fenvalerate, Methyl
Parathion, and Permethrin in the Estuarine Environment. J.Agric.Food Chem. 31: 104-113.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15639
-------
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,TBC,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO CONTROL(MP),OK(TBC,PMR).
738. Schuler, L. J., Trimble, A. J., Belden, J. B., and Lydy, M. J. (2005). Joint Toxicity of Triazine
Herbicides and Organophosphate Insecticides to the Midge Chironomus tentans.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 49: 173-177.
EcoReferenceNo.: 81665
Chemical of Concern: SZ,CZE,HXZ,DIATZ,DEATZ,DZ,CPY,ATZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,CPY),NO
MLXTURE(SZ,CZE,HXZ,DIATZ,DEATZ,ATZ).
739. Schulz, R. (2001). Rainfall-Induced Sediment and Pesticide Input from Orchards into the Lourens
River, Western Cape, South Africa: Importance of a Single Event. Water Res. 35: 1869-1876.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87478
Chemical of Concern: BCY,DM,FNV,PMR,CPY,ES,AZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ,ES,CPY),NO SPECIES(BCY,DM,FNV,PMR).
740. Schuster, D. J. (1994). Armyworm and Tomato Pinworm Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-
Central Florida, Fall 1992. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 19: 154 (ABS.No.118E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 82733
Chemical of Concern: DKGNa,AZD,MOM,EFV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DKGNa,MOM,CPY),NO MIXTURE(AZD,EFV).
741. Schuster, D. J. (1994). Control of Armyworms on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall 1992.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 19: 107-108 (ABS.No.65E) .
EcoReferenceNo.: 82730
Chemical of Concern: DKGNa,MOM,CFP,CPY,EMMB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DKGNa,MOM,CFP,CPY,EMMB).
742. Schuster, D. J. (1992). Insecticides for Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly on Fresh Market
Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring, 1990. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide
Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 163.
EcoReference No.: 79260
Chemical of Concern: PMR,BFT,CYH,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(BFT).TARGET(CPY).
743. Schwartz, A. (1991). Laboratory Evaluation of Toxicity of Registered Pesticides to Adult Amblyseius
addoensis (Van derMerwe & Ryke) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). S.Afr.J.Enol.Vitic. 12: 87-89.
EcoReference No.: 64288
Chemical of Concern: IPP,HCZ,MYC,TDM,PPG,MDT,PMR,DDVP,CPY,DMT,FNTH,
CBL,ES,PPX,SFR,MZB,Cu; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY,DMT,PMR,CBL).
744. Scott, J. and Redmond, M. S. (1986). Acute Toxicity Tests with Chloropyrifos. June 13, 1986
Memorandum to D.J.Hansen, U.S.EPA, Narragansett, R.I. 3p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56539
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
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745. Scott, J. and Redmond, M. S. (1986). Acute Toxicity Tests with Chloropyrifos. SAIC, Narragansett,
RI3.
EcoReference No.: 4061
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
746. Scott, J. and Redmond, M. S. (1986). Acute Toxicity Tests with Chloropyrifos and the Amphipod,
Rhepoxynius abronius. August 5,1986, Memorandum to D.J.Hansen, U.S.EPA, Narragansett, R.I. 1 p.
EcoReference No.: 56538
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
747. Scott, J. G., Cochran, D. G., and Siegfried, B. D. (1990). Insecticide Toxicity, Synergism, and
Resistance in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 1698-1703.
EcoReference No.: 64293
Chemical of Concern: PPX,PMR,MLN,DM,CYP,CPY,BDC,PYN,PPB,DEF; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),NO
MIXTURE(PPB,DEF),TARGET(MLN,CYP,CPY).
748. Seagraves, M. P. and McPherson, R. M. (2003). Residual Susceptibility of the Red Imported Fire Ant
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to Four Agricultural Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 96: 645-648.
EcoReference No.: 87959
Chemical of Concern: MOM,LCYT,ACP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(LCYT,ACP,CPY),TARGET(MOM,CPY).
749. Sehgal, V. K. and Ujagir, R. (1990). Effect of Synthetic Pyrethroids, Neem Extracts and Other
Insecticides for the Control of Pod Damage by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea and Pod
Damage-Yield Relationship at Pantnagar in Northern India. Crop Prot. 9: 29-32.
EcoReference No.: 92940
Chemical of Concern: CYP,DM,MP,ES,CPY,FNV,AZD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: EFFICACY(FNV,CPY,CYP,MP,AZD).
750. Sekita, N. (1986). Toxicity of Pesticides Commonly used in Japanese Apple Orchards to the Predatory
Mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from New Zealand. Appl.Entomol.Zool. 21:
173-175.
EcoReference No.: 68421
Chemical of Concern:
PPG,FO,CHX,DX,CBL,FNT,FNV.MDT,CPY,BMY,IPD,CTN,TPM,THM,CoOX,DINO,Ziram,Capta
n; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: No CROP(Captan),TARGET(CPY).
751. Selvi, M., Sarikaya, R., Erkoc, F., andKocak, 0. (2005). Investigation of Acute Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl on Guppy Poecilia reticulata. Chemosphere 60: 93-96.
EcoReference No.: 80964
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYM).
752. Semtner, P. J. (1988). Soil Insecticides for Control of Insects Feeding on Flue-Cured Tobacco Foliage,
1987. ImecticAcaric.Tests 13: 313-314 (No. 182F).
-------
EcoReferenceNo.:
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,EP,FMP,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(ADC),TARGET(CPY).
753. Semtner, P. J. (1988). Systemic Insecticides for the Control of Insect Pests on Dark-Fired Tobacco,
1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 311-312 (No. 181F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88878
Chemical of Concern: DS,CBF,CPY,EP,FMP,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(ADC),TARGET(CPY).
754. Semtner, P. J. (1987). Systemic Insecticides for the Control of Insects on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1986.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 298-299 (353).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88779
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,FMP,PMR,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,PMR),OK(CBF,ADC).
755. Semtner, P. J. and Reed, T. D. (1987). Chemicals Applied to the Soil for the Control of Insects on
Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 306(359).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88787
Chemical of Concern: DS,CBF,CPY,EP,FMP,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DS,CPY),OK(CBF,ADC).
756. Serrano, R., Hernandez, F., Lopez, F. J., and Pena, J. B. (1997). Bioconcentration and Depuration of
Chlorpyrifos in the Marine Mollusc Mytilus edulis. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 33: 47-52.
EcoReference No.: 18413
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
757. Serrano, R., Hernandez, F., Pena, J. B., Dosda, V., and Canales, J. (1995). Toxicity of
Bioconcentration of Selected Organophosphorus Pesticides in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Venus
gallina. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 29: 284-290.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14927
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,MDT,PSM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR.BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DMT),OK(ALL CHEMS).
758. Shabana, E. F., Khalil, Z., Kobbia, I. A., and Zaki, F. T. (1991). Amino Acid Content and
Transaminases Activities in Anabaena oryzae and Nostoc muscorum as Affected by Some Pesticides.
Egypt.J.Physiol.Sci. 15:21-30.
EcoReference No.: 75043
Chemical of Concern: DMT,TFN,DINO,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,GRO; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY).
759. Shamiyeh, N. B., Burgess, E. E., Folium, R. A., and Thompson, R. (1999). Control of Alfalfa Weevil
Larvae, 1998. ArthropodManag.Tests 24: 202 (F12).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88257
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CBF,LCYT,FPP,EFV,CPY,CYF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: NO CROP(EFFICACY-EFV),EFFICACY(CPY,CYF,PMR,CBF).
760. Sharma, D. R. and Singh, D. P. (1995). Ovicidal Effect of some Insecticides against Rice Stem Borer,
-------
ScirpophagaIncertulas Walker. J.InsectSci. 8: 114-115.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: NO TARGET (CPY).
761. Sharma, H. C. and Leuschner, K. (1987). Chemical Control of Sorghum Head Bugs (Hemiptera:
Miridae). Crop Prot. 6: 334-340.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92941
Chemical of Concern: CBL,FNV,CPY,MLN,AZD,ES,FNT,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FNV,CPY),OK(CBL,MLN,AZD,ES,FNT,DDVP).
762. Sharma, S. S., Dahiya, A. S., and Verma, A. N. (1993). Comparative Efficacy of Various Insecticides
Against Helicoverpa armigera on Tomato in Haryana. Indian J.Plant Prot. 21:198-200.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90795
Chemical of Concern: FNV,DCM,CYP,PHSL,MLN,FNTH,FNT,DDVP,CPY,ES,HCCH; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: EFFICACY(CYP,CPY),CROP(EFFICACY-MLN,FNV).
763. Shaw, R. D., Cook, M, and Carson, R. E. Jr. (1968). Developments in the Resistance Status of the
Southern Cattle Tick to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 61: 1590-
1594.
EcoReference No.: 72637
Chemical of Concern: PRN,DZ,CBL,HCCH,TXP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: TARGET(DZ,CBL,CPY).
764. Shereif, M. M. (1989). Acute and Chronic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Tilapia zillii. Ph.D.Thesis,
Univ.Michigan, East Lansing, MI 114 p.
EcoReference No.: 72744
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.REP.ACC.MOR.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
765. Sherman, M. and Herrick, R. B. (1973). Fly Control and Chronic Toxicity from Feeding Dursban
(0,0-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate) to Laying Hens. Poult.Sci. 52: 741-747.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38746
Availability: UR
Number of Volumes: ENV,ORAL
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ENV.MOR.REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
766. Shields, E. J., Sher, R. B., and Taylor, P. S. (1991). Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1990.
Insect.Acaric.Tests 16: 138 (22F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 90677
Chemical of Concern: PMR,EFV,CYF,CPY,MP,CBF,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MOM,MP,EFV),NO COC(MLN),TARGET(CPY).
767. Shields, E. J., Sher, R. B., and Taylor, P. S. (1991). Insecticide Efficacy in Alfalfa, 1989.
Imectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 138-139 (23F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 90653
Chemical of Concern: CYF,MXC,PMR,EFV,DMT,CBF,PSM,CPY,MLN,MP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ALL CHEMS).
-------
768. Shields, E. J. and Taylor, P. S. (1992). Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1991. In:
A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD
182-183.
EcoReference No.: 79795
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,2CYT,CPY,MP,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(CYF),TARGET(MP,CPY).
769. Shields, E. J. and Testa, A. M. (1999). Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn, 1993. Arthropod
Manage.Tests 24: 223-224 (F38).
EcoReference No.: 88145
Chemical of Concern: CEX,PBP,FNF,TBO,TFT,CBF,CPY,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(PRT,CPY,CBF).
770. Shields, E. J. and Testa, A. M. (1999). Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn, 1994. Arthropod
Manage.Tests 24: 224-226 (F39).
EcoReference No.: 88222
Chemical of Concern: PBP,TBO,FNF,TFT,CEX,CBF,CPY,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
PHY,POP; Rejection Code: OK(PBP,TBO,FNF,TFT,CEX,CBF,PRT),EFFICACY(CPY).
771. Shirazi, M. A., Bennett, R. S., and Ringer, R. K. (1994). An Interpretation of Toxicity Response of
Bobwhite Quail with Respect to Duration of Exposure. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 26: 417-424.
EcoReference No.: 39583
Chemical of Concern: WFN,DPC,DLD,BDF,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBF,DPC,WFN,BDF).
772. Shirke, M. S. and Salunkhe, G. N. (1996). Relative Residual Toxicity of Some Insecticides to
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. A Predator of Mealy Bugs. J.Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 21: 370-371.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
773. Shufran, R. A., Wilde, G. E., and Sloderbeck, P. E. (1997). Response of Three Greenbug (Homoptera:
Aphididae) Strains to Five Organophosphorous and Two Carbamate Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 90:
283-286.
EcoReference No.: 63055
Chemical of Concern: MOM,DS,DMT,CPY,MLN,PRN,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK TARGET(DMT,MLN),TARGET(MOM,CPY).
774. Siddappaji, C., Kumar, A. R. V., and Gangadharaiah (1986). Evaluation of Different Insecticidal
Sprays Against the Chickpea Heliothis armigera (Hubner). Pesticides 20: 13-16.
EcoReference No.: 89154
Chemical of Concern: DM,AZD,ES,CBL,FNT,PHSL,MLN,MP,FNV,PMR,CYP,DCM,CPY; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DM,MP,FNV,PMR,CPY,CYP),OK(AZD),TARGET(CBL),NOCROP,TARGET(MLN).
775. Siedentop, S. (1995). A Litterbag-Test for the Assessment of Side Effects of Pesticides on Soil
Mesofauna. Acta Zool.Fenn. 196: 357-360.
EcoReference No.: 54199
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: SYS.POP; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(CPY).
-------
776. Siefert, R. E. (1987). Effects of Dursban (Chlorpyrifos) on Aquatic Organisms in Enclosures in a
Natural Pond - Final Report. U.S.EPA, Duluth, MN: 214 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12821
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.NOC.MOR.GRO.BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
777. Siefert, R. E., Kleiner, G. F., Nordling, B. R., Mueller, L. H., Tanner, D. K., Jarvinen, A. W., and
Zischke, J. A. (1984). Effects of Dursban (Chlorpyrifos) on Non-Target Aquatic Organisms in a
Natural Pond Undergoing Mosquito Control Treatment. Progress Report, U.S.EPA, Duluth, MN: 197
P-
EcoReferenceNo.: 3653
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.POP.REP.BCM.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
778. Siefert, R. E., Lozano, S. J., Brazner, J. C., and Knuth, M. L. (1989). Littoral Enclosures for Aquatic
Field Testing of Pesticides: Effects of Chlorpyrifos on a Natural System. In: J.R. Voshell,Jr. (Ed.),
Using Mesocosms to Assess the Aquatic Ecological Risk of Pesticides: Theory and
Practice.Entomological Society ofAmerica.Misc.Publ.No. 75 57-73.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3124
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,POP,MOR,GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
779. Sinclair, P. J., Neeson, R. J., and Williams, P. A. (1992). Phytotoxicity of Some Organophosphate
Insecticides to Onions and Carrots During Germination and Emergence. Plant Prot.Q. 7: 23-25.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93323
Chemical of Concern: TBO,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CBF).
780. Singh, D. S. and Singh, J. P. (2000). Status of Pyrethroid and Non-pyrethroid Insecticides to the
Larvae of Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua. Indian J.Entomol. 62: 141-145.
EcoReference No.: 69680
Chemical of Concern: ES,CYP,FNV,CPY,HCCH,MLN,DCM,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(FNV,CPY).
781. Singh, D. S., Sircar, P., and Dhingra, S. (1985). Status of Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Diacrisia obliqua
Walker (Arctiidae: Lepidoptera) in the Context of Susceptibility to Pyrethroid and Non-Pyrethroid
Insecticides Evaluated During the Last Two Decades. J.Entomol.Res.(New Delhi) 9: 15-18.
EcoReferenceNo.: 64412
Chemical of Concern:
NCTN,DMT,DDT,DCM,DYP,EPRN,ES,PMR,FNV,MP,FNT,HCCH,PPHD,DDVP,CPY,DZ,CBL,M
LN,Naled; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(DMT,FNV,CPY).
782. Singh, K., Upadhyay, K. D., Srivastava, A. S., and Singh, S. V. (1987). Persistence and Residual
Toxicity of Field Weathered Deposits of Some Modern Insecticides on Okra. Pesticides 21: 40-42.
EcoReferenceNo.: 75329
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CYP,CPY,ES,DMT,PPHD,PHSL,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
ACC.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CYP),TARGET(CPY,PMR,FNV),OK(ES,DMT,PPHD,PHSL).
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783. Sinha, P. K., Pal, S., and Triar, S. B. (1986). An Effective Molluscicide for Grazer Snails of Blue
Green Algae. Pesticides 20: 44-45.
EcoReferenceNo.: 74591
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,DZ,CBL,ES,TDC,PRT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ,CBF,PRT,CPY),OK(ES),OK TARGET(TDC).
784. Sitaramaiah, S., Prasad, G. R., and Sreedhar, U. (1999). Management of Tobacco Ground Beetle,
Mesomorphus villiger with Insecticide Baits on Flue Cured Virginia Tobacco. Indian J.Agricult.Sci.
69: 660-663.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93062
Chemical of Concern: AZD,CBL,PRT,ES,CPY,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(AZD,CBL,PRT,CPY,FNV).
785. Slotkin, T. A. and Seidler, F. J. (2005). The Alterations in CNS Serotonergic Mechanisms Caused by
Neonatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure are Permanent. Dev.Brain Res. 158: 115-119.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92500
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
786. Slotkin, T. A. and Seidler, F. J. (2007). Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure Elicits Presynaptic
Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Hyperactivity at Adolescence: Critical Periods for Regional and Sex-
Selective Effects. Reprod.Toxicol. 23: 421-427.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92499
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
787. Slotkin, T. A., Seidler, F. J., and Fumagalli, F. (2007). Exposure to Organophosphates Reduces the
Expression of Neurotrophic Factors in Neonatal Rat Brain Regions: Similarities and Differences in the
Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon on the Fibroblast Growth Factor Superfamily. Environ.Health
Perspect. 115: 909-916.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92241
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(DZ).
788. Smith, D. and Papacek, D. F. (1991). Studies of the Predatory Mite Amblyseius victoriensis (Acarina:
Phytoseiidae) in Citrus Orchards in Southeast Queensland: Control of Tegolophus australis and
Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Acarina: Eriophyidae), Effect of Pesticides, Alternative Host Plants and
Augmentative Release. Exp.AppLAcarol. 12: 195-217.
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MOM),OK
TARGET(CPY).
789. Smith II, L. M. and Appel, A. G. (1996). Toxicity, Repellence, and Effects of Starvation Compared
Among Insecticidal Baits in the Laboratory for Control of American and Smokybrown Cockroaches
(Dictyoptera: Blattidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 89: 402-410.
EcoReference No.: 75460
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HMN,SFA,BRA; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CPY).
790. Smith, J. L. and Rust, M. K. (1991). Vapor Activity of Insecticides Used for Subterranean Termite
-------
(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Control. J.Econ.Entomol. 84: 181-184.
EcoReference No.: 67117
Chemical of Concern: CHD,CPY,CYP,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
791. Snell, T. W. (1991). New Rotifer Bioassays for Aquatic Toxicology. Final Rep., U.S.Army
Med.Res.andDev.Command, Ft.Detrick, Frederick, MD 29 p. (U.S.NTIS AD-A258002).
EcoReference No.: 17689
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CPY,DZ,Cu,AMSV,Se,Ag,Cd,Zn,NH,Pb,Ni,CF,NaPCP; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: REP,POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,),OK(ALL CHEMS).
792. Snell, T. W. and Carmona, M. J. (1995). Comparative Toxicant Sensitivity of Sexual and Asexual
Reproduction in the Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 14: 415-420.
EcoReference No.: 14212
Chemical of Concern: CPY,NaPCP,Cd; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,NaPCP).
793. Snell, T. W. and Moffat, B. D. (1992). A 2-d Life Cycle Test with the Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 11: 1249-1257.
EcoReference No.: 3963
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CPY,DZ,Cu,AMSV,NaPCP,PL,Cr,Cd; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,REP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ,Cu,NaPCP,AMSV,Cr),OK(ALL
CHEMS).
794. Sohi, A. S., Mann, H. S., Singh, J., Brar, K. S., and Shenbmar, M. (1997). Effect of Insecticides on the
Emergence of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogramatidae), an Egg Parasitoid of
CottonBollworms. J.Res.(PunjabAgric.Univ.) 34: 153-155.
EcoReference No.: 93333
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CBL,CPY,CYP,DM,ES,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection
Code: TARGET(ACP,CBL,CPY,CYP,FNV).
795. Solomon, J. D. (1987). Control of Sawfly Defoliators on Green Ash, 1986. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12:
348 (No. 436).
EcoReference No.: 88771
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,DZ,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(CPY),OKTARGET(CBL,DZ,ACP),TARGET(CPY).
796. Sparling, D. W. and Fellers, G. (2007). Comparative Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Malathion
and Their Oxon Derivatives to Larval Rana boylii. Environ.?ollut. 147: 535-539.
EcoReference No.: 92498
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,CPY,DZ,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO),OK(DZ,MLN).
797. Spomer, S. M., Haile, F. J., and Higley, L. G. (1999). Alfalfa Insect Control, 1998. Arthropod
Manage.Tests 24: 203-206 (F13).
EcoReference No.: 88271
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY),OK(CYF,CBF,PMR).
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798. Srihari, B. and Patnaik, N. C. (2006). Use of New Insecticides Against Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in
Blackgram. Ann.Biol. 22: 169-172.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92342
Chemical of Concern: PFF,IDC,TDC,SS,NVL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(TDC).
799. Srivastava, S. K., Jaiswal, R., and Srivastav, A. K. (1995). Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to a
Freshwater Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. JAdv.Zool. 16:92-95.
EcoReference No.: 72755
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
800. Stark, J. D. (1992). Comparison of the Impact of a neem Seed-kernel Extract Formulation, 'Margosan-
0' and Chlorpyrifos on Non-target Invertebrates Inhabiting turf Grass. Pestic.Sci. 36: 293-299.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71751
Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(AZD),OK TARGET(CPY).
801. Steevens, J. A. (1999). Chemical Mixture Interactions: Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Dieldrin, and Methyl
Mercury to the Amphipod Hyalella azteca. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of Mississippi, Mississippi State, MS
183 p.
EcoReference No.: 72746
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DLD,Hg; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
802. Steevens, J. A. and Benson, W. H. (2000). Interactions of Chlorpyrifos and Methyl Mercury: A
Mechanistic Approach to Assess Chemical Mixtures. Mar.Environ.Res. 50: 113-117.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56639
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Hg; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
803. Steevens, J. A. and Benson, W. H. (1999). Toxicological Interactions of Chlorpyrifos and Methyl
Mercury in the Amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Toxicol.Sci. 52: 168-177.
EcoReference No.: 72763
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Hg,CPYO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
804. Stewart, K. M. and Ferguson, C. M. (1989). Chemical Control of Porina in South Otago Sheep
Pastures. N.Z.JAgric.Res. 32: 395-400.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91626
Chemical of Concern: DZ,FNT,CPY,MP,DFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MP),OK(DZ).
805. Stoltz, R. L. (1987). Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1986. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 283-284 (No.
335).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88778
Chemical of Concern: ADC,TBO,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ADC,TBO).
-------
806. Stoltz, R. L. and Matteson, N. A. (1995). Wheat Aphid Control in Spring Wheat, 1994. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 20: 269 (147F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 91354
Chemical of Concern: MP,LCYT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MP,CPY).
807. Stone, J. D. (1986). White Grub Control in Turf with Insecticides, 1984. IwecticAcaric.Tests 11: 393
(No. 506).
EcoReferenceNo.: 87897
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(DZ,CPY),OKTARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
808. Straus, D. L. (1994). Chlorpyrifos and Parathion Effects on Enzyme Activities in Fingerling Channel
Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: Interactions with DBF (S,S,S-Tributyl Phosphorotrithiolate) and Aroclor
1254. Ph.D.Thesis, Mississippi State Univ., State College, MS 74 p.
EcoReference No.: 72743
Chemical of Concern: PPB,PCB,PRN,TBF,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(PPB,CPY,TBF).
809. Straw, N. A., Fielding, N. J., and Waters, A. (1996). Phytotoxicity of Insecticides Used to Control
Aphids on Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Crop Prot. 15: 451-459.
EcoReference No.: 67965
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY,DZ,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO. MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(DMT,RSM,DZ,CPY).
810. Stumpf, N., Zebitz, C. P. W., Kraus, W., Moores, G. D., and Nauen, R. (2001). Resistance to
Organophosphates and Biochemical Genotyping of Acetylcholinesterases in Tetranychus urticae
(Acari: Tetranychidae). Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 69: 131-142.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92624
Chemical of Concern: OXD,CPY,EPRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code:
OK TARGET(CPY,OXD).
811. Sturm, A., Radau, T. S., Hahn, T., and Schulz, R. (2007). Inhibition of Rainbow Trout
Acetylcholinesterase by Aqueous and Suspended Particle-Associated Organophosphorous Insecticides.
Chemosphere 68: 605-612.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92497
Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(AZ).
812. Su, N. Y., Ban, P. M, and Scheffrahn, R. H. (1999). Longevity and Efficacy of Pyrethroid and
Organophosphate Termiticides in Field Degradation Studies Using Miniature Slabs. J.Econ.Entomol.
92: 890-898.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88277
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNT,IFP,BFT,CYP,LCYT,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
813. Su, N. Y., Chew, V., Wheeler, G. S., and Scheffrahn, R. H. (1997). Comparison of Tunneling
Responses into Insecticide-Treated Soil by Field Populations and Laboratory Groups of Subterranean
Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 90: 503-509.
-------
EcoReference No.: 64501
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
814. Sudoi, V. (1991). Effects of Insecticides on Mortality of Fried Egg Scale (Aspidiotus sp. Homoptera:
Diaspidae) on Tea. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 12:26-27.
EcoReference No.: 78129
Chemical of Concern: ALSV,DZ,CYP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(ALSV,DZ),TARGET(CPY).
815. Sultatos, L. G., Costa, L. G., and Murphy, S. D. (1982). Factors Involved in the Differential Acute
Toxicity of the Insecticides Chlorpyrifos and Methyl Chlorpyrifos in Mice. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.
65: 144-152.
EcoReference No.: 93130
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CMPH,CPYM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.ACC: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYM),NO ENDPOINT(AZ).
816. Sutler, G. R., Fisher, J. R., Elliott, N. C., and Branson, T. F. (1990). Effect of Insecticide Treatments
on Root Lodging and Yields of Maize in Controlled Infestations of Western Corn Rootworms
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 2414-2420.
EcoReference No.: 74698
Chemical of Concern: CBF,TBO,FNF,PRT,IFP,EP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,PRT,CPY),OK(TBO,FNF,IFP,EP).
817. Swier, S. R. and Weaver III, J. S. (1994). Control of Balsam Twig Aphid with Penncap M, 1992.
ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 345-346 (3H).
EcoReference No.: 91356
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MP,CPY).
818. Swier, S. R. and Weaver III, J. S. (1994). Efficacy of Penncap M in the Control of Eastern Spruce Gall
Adelgid, 1992. Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 349 (9H).
EcoReference No.: 91355
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MP,CPY).
819. Syrett, P. and Penman, D. R. (1980). Studies of Insecticide Toxicity to Lucerne Aphids and Their
Predators. N.Z.J.Agric.Res. 23: 575-580.
EcoReference No.: 71017
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
820. Tang, J., Carr, R. L., and Chambers, J. E. (1999). Changes in Rat Brain Cholinesterase Activity and
Muscarinic Receptor Density During and After Repeated Oral Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Early
Postnatal Development. Toxicol.Sci. 51: 265-272.
EcoReference No.: 64114
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
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821. Tanigoshi, L. K. and Babcock, J. M. (1989). Insecticide Efficacy for Control of Lygus Bugs
(Heteroptera: Miridae) on White Lupin, Lupinus albus L. J.Econ.Entomol. 82: 281-284.
EcoReference No.: 74116
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNV,ACP,MOM,DMT,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK,TARGET(DMT,ACP),TARGET(MOM,CPY,FNV).
822. Tanigoshi, L. K. and Fargerlund, J. (1984). Implications of Parathion Resistance and Toxicity of
Citricultural Pesticides to a Strain of Euseius hibisci (Chant) (Acarina:Phytoseiidae) from the San
Joaquin Valley of California. J.Econ.Entomol. 77: 789-793.
Chemical of Concern: MOM,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(DMT,MOM,CPY).
823. Tasistro, A. and Mihm, J. A. (1987). Control of Fall Armyworm in Field Corn, 1985.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 223-224 (260).
EcoReference No.: 88711
Chemical of Concern: DCM,PMR,CPY,TBO,CBL,DM,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,GRO;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PMR),EFFICACY(DCM,CPY,TBO,CBL,DM,CYP).
824. Tejada, A. W., Bajet, C. M., Magbauna, M. G., Gambalan, N. B., Araez, L. C., and Magallona, E. D.
(1994). Toxicity of Pesticides to Target and Non-Target Fauna of the Lowland Rice Ecosystem. In:
B. Widianarko, K. Vink, andN.M. Van Straalen (Eds.), Environmental Toxicology in South East Asia,
VU Univ.Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands 89-103.
EcoReference No.: 20421
Chemical of Concern:
MP,ES,CBF,CPY,CYP,EFX,TDC,MTM,MLN,FNV,CYF,FNT,CBL,24DXY,MCPA,BTC,FZFB,TBC
,ODZ,MZB,DZ; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(FNV,MP,CPY,MZB,CBL,CYP,MTM,DZ,TDC,CYF,MLN),OK(24DXY,ES,CBF,EFX,MCP
A,BTC,FZFB,TBC,ODZ,FNT).
825. Teli, V S. and Salunkhe, G. N. (1993). Relative Efficacy and Economics of Some Insecticides for the
Control of Sweet Potato Weevil. Indian J.Plant Prot. 21: 59-61.
EcoReference No.: 89011
Chemical of Concern: CYP,FNV,FNTH,PHSL,CPY,DZ,MP,CBL,ES,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(MLN,FNV,CPY,CYP,DZ),OK TARGET,NO
CROP(MP).
826. Teran, A. L., Alvarez, R. A., and Orlando, C. A. (1993). Effect of Currently Used Pesticides in Citrus
Orchards on Two Aphelinid Parasitoids: Laboratory Tests. J.Appl.Entomol. 116:20-24.
EcoReference No.: 90421
Chemical of Concern: GYP,BMC,PAQT,DU,BMY,MZB,Zineb,DCF,MDT,EPRN,CPY; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(DCF),NO
ENDPOINT(GYP,BMC,MZB),OK(CPY),TARGET(CPY).
827. Teran-Vargas, A. P., Garza-Urbina, E., Blanco-Montero, C. A., Perez-Carmona, G., and Pellegaud-
Rabago, J. M. (1997). Efficacy of New Insecticides to Control Beet Armyworm in Northeastern
Mexico. In:Proc.Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2: 1030-1031.
EcoReference No.: 82470
Chemical of Concern: MFZ,DFZ,SS,TUZ,CPY,HFR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MFZ,DFZ,SS,TUZ,CPY,HFR).
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828. Tetreault, G. E. (1985). Metabolism of Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos, DDT, and Parathion in the European
Corn Borer: Effects of Microsporidiosis on Toxicity and Detoxication. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.Illinois,
Urbana, IL 86 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87626
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CBF,CPY,DDT,DZ,FNF,MOM,PRN,PMR,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: BCM.MOR.GRO.ACC: Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK
TARGET(CBL,MOM,DZ)),TARGET(CPY).
829. Thakur, N. S. A. and Deka, T. C. (1997). Bioefficacy and Economics of Different Insecticides Against
Pieris brassicae (L.) on Cabbage in Midhills of North-East India. Indian J.Plant Prot. 25: 109-114.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89393
Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNV,CPY,CYP,ES,DDVP,DFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: EFFICACY(MLN,FNV,CPY,CYP).
830. Thankamoni Amma, V. G. and Konar, S. K. (1996). Pollutional Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Fish, Fish
Food Organisms and Water Quality. Environ.Ecol. 14:723-730.
EcoReferenceNo.: 54793
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP,MOR,BEH,CEL,PHY,GRO; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
831. Thomas, C. F. G. and Jepson, P. C. (1997). Field-Scale Effects of Farming Practices on Linyphiid
Spider Populations in Grass and Cereals. Entomol.Exp.Appl. 84: 59-69.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93288
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(FNV,CPY).
832. Thomas, C. N. and Mansingh, A. (2002). Bioaccumulation, Elimination, and Tissue Distribution of
Chlorpyrifos by Red Hybrid Tilapia in Fresh and Brackish Waters. Environ.Technol. 23: 1313-1323.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82258
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.PHY.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
833. Thomas, J. and Phadke, K. G. (1994). Relative Toxicity of Oxydemetonmethyl, Chlorpyriphos and
Quinalphos to Honey-Bee (Apis cerana indica). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 64: 207-209.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89618
Chemical of Concern: CPY,OXD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(OXD,CPY).
834. Thompson, A. R. and Sans, W. W. (1974). Effects of Soil Insecticides in Southwestern Ontario on
Non-Target Invertebrates: Earthworms in Pasture. Environ.Entomol. 3: 305-308.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35492
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CBL,EN,DDT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: P OP, AC C; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DDT,CBF,CBL,EN).
835. Thompson, H. M, Walker, C. H., and Hardy, A. R. (1988). Avian Esterases as Indicators of Exposure
to Insecticides - The Factor of Diurnal Variation. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 41: 4-11.
EcoReferenceNo.: 39786
Chemical of Concern: DEM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
-------
CODED(CPY,DEM).
836. Tian, Y., Ishikawa, H., Yamaguchi, T., Yamauchi, T., and Yokoyama, K. (2005). Teratogenicity and
Developmental Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos: Maternal Exposure During Organogenesis in Mice.
Reprod.Toxicol. 20: 267-271.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92495
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.GRO.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
837. Tian, Y. and Yamauchi, T. (2003). Micronucleus Formation in 3-Day Mouse Embryos Associated with
Maternal Exposure to Chlorpyrifos During the Early Preimplantation Period. Reproduct.Toxicol. 17:
401-405.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92496
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
838. Tillman, P. G. (1995). Susceptibility of Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochiles nigriceps
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to Field Rates of Selected Cotton Insecticides. J.Entomol.Sci. 30: 390-
396.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93416
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CYF,CYH,BFT,PFF,MP,DMT,CPY,AZ,ACP,ES,TDC,OML ; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(CYP,CYF,BFT,MP,DMT,AZ,ACP,TDC).
839. Toft, S. and Jensen, A. P. (1998). No Negative Sublethal Effects of Two Insecticides on Prey Capture
and Development of a Spider. Pestic.Sci. 52: 223-228 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 64169
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.GRO.MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(DMT,CPY).
840. Treacy, M. F., Parker, R. D., Anderson, R. M., Schmidt, K. M., and Benedict, J. H. (1986). Soybean
and Cottonseed Oils as Adjuvants and Diluents for Insecticides Used to Control Sorghum Midge.
SouthwestEntomol.Suppl. 11: 39-43.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92558
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CPY,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code:
EFFICACY(FNV,CPY,EFV).
841. Trimble, A. J. and Lydy, M. J. (2006). Effects of Triazine Herbicides on Organophosphate Insecticide
Toxicity in Hyalella azteca. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 29-34.
EcoReference No.: 86411
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DIATZ,SZ,CZE,PPZ,AMTR,PMT,PRO,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO
MIXTURE(ATZ,DIATZ,SZ,CZE,PPZ,AMTR,PMT,PRO).
842. Trimble, R. M., Free, D. J., Barszcz, E. S., and Carter, N. J. (2004). Comparison of a Sprayable
Pheromone Formulation and Two Hand-Applied Pheromone Dispensers Foruse in the Integrated
Control of Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 97:482-489.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88284
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
-------
TARGET(CPY).
843. Tu, C. M. (1970). Effect of Four Organophosphorus Insecticides on Microbial Activities in Soil.
AppLMicrobiol. 19: 479-484.
EcoReferenceNo.: 54971
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.SYS: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DZ).
844. Tu, C. M. (1978). Effect of Pesticides on Acetylene Reduction and Microorganisms in a Sandy Loam.
SoilBiolBiochem 10: 451-456.
EcoReferenceNo.: 54977
Chemical of Concern:
OML,EP,HCCH,NTP,24DXY,THM,Maneb,Captan,DPDP,PMR,CBF,CPY,DZ,ETN,FNF,MLN,PRN,
PRT,CHD,DLD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.SYS: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(24DXY,Captan,CPY,MLN),OK(ALLCHEMS).
845. Tu, C. M. (1991). Effect of Some Technical and Formulated Insecticides on Microbial Activities in
Soil. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 26: 557-573.
EcoReference No.: 69689
Chemical of Concern: HgC12,FNF,FNV,PMR,CYP,DZ,CPY,CHD,ES,PRN,Hg; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,CYP,PMR,CPY,FNV).
846. Tu, C. M. (1981). Effects of Pesticides on Activities of Enzymes and Microorganisms in a Clay Soil.
J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 16: 179-191.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93646
Chemical of Concern:
DDMITC,13DPE,PMR,OML,CBF,HCCH,DLD,CHD,TBO,PRT,PRN,MLN,CPY,DZ,ETN,EP,FNF,C
aptan,Maneb,THM,24D,NTP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: SYS.POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,PMR,24D),OK
T ARGET(Maneb,Captan),OK(DDMITC, 13DPE,CBF,PRT,MLN,DZ,THM).
847. Tu, C. M. (1979). Influence of Pesticides on Acetylene Reduction and Growth of Microorganisms in
an Organic Soil. J.Environ.Sci.Health P art B 14: 617-624 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 93645
Chemical of Concern:
NTP,24D,DDMITC,13DPE,PMR,OML,CBF,HCCH,DLD,CHD,TBO,PRT,PRN,MLN,CPY,DZ,ETN,
EP,FNF,Captan,Maneb,THM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.SYS: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,24D,PMR),OK
T ARGET(Maneb,Captan),OK(DDMITC, 13DPE,CBF,PRT,MLN,DZ,THM).
848. Tu, C. M. (1978). A Screening Technique for Assessing Effects of Pesticides on Population and
Activities of Non-Target Soil Microorganisms. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 20: 212-218.
EcoReferenceNo.: 54976
Chemical of Concern: STRP,Maneb,DPDP,MITC,CPY,DLD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,SYS;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS).
849. Tucker, R. K. and Haegele, M. A. (1971). Comparative Acute Oral Toxicity of Pesticides to Six
Species of Birds. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 20: 57-65.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35499
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Chemical of Concern: OXD,CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,OXD).
850. Turner, A. S., Bale, J. S., and Clements, R. 0. (1987). The Effect of a Range of Pesticides on Non-
Target Organisms in the Grassland Environment. In: Proc.Crop Protection in Northern Britain,
British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, England 290-295.
EcoReference No.: 70976
Chemical of Concern: 24DB,EFS,ADC,FNF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(24DB,EFS,FNF),OKTARGET(ADC,CPY).
851. U.S.Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (1967). Unpublished Laboratory Data (Chlorpyrifos/Dursban 3-
30-67). U.S.EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, FL.
EcoReference No.: 56465
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
852. Upadhyay, S. and Agrawal, R. K. (1993). Efficacy of Different Insecticides on Incidence of Mustard
Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) on Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Its Economics. Indian J.Agric.Sci.
63: 522-525.
EcoReference No.: 89234
Chemical of Concern: CYP,FNV,ES,PPHD,OXD,DMT,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FNV,OXD,MLN,DMT,CPY,CYP).
853. Upadhyay, S. and Agrawal, R. K. (1995). Persistent Toxicity of Insecticides in Controlling Mustard
Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 65: 378-380.
EcoReference No.: 89293
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CYP,PPHD,DMT,ES,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(MLN, DMT),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
854. Upadhyay, S. and Agrawal, R. K. (1993). Persistent Toxicity of Some Insecticides Against Lipaphis
erysimi (Kalt.) on Mustard. Indian J.Plant Prot. 21:104-105.
EcoReference No.: 92882
Chemical of Concern: PPHD,DMT,ES,CPY,MLN,CYP,FNV,DEM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(DMT,MLN,CPY,CYP,FNV).
855. Uthamasamy, S. and Jayaraj, S. (1985). Efficacy of Certain Newer Insecticides in the Control of Major
Pests of Rice. Pesticides (Bombay) 19: 37,46.
EcoReference No.: 89409
Chemical of Concern: FNV,IFP,ACP,DDVP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ALLCHEMS),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
856. Uygun, N, Sengonca, C., Ulusoy, M. R., and Kersting, U. (1994). Toxicity of Some Pesticides to
Eretmocerus debachi (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an Important Parasitoid of Parabemisia myricae
(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Bull.Entomol.Res. 84: 119-122.
EcoReference No.: 67978
Chemical of Concern: Captan,FZFB,PAQT,CPYM,MLN,MDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,REP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(Captan,MLN),TARGET (CPYM).
857. Vacante, V. and Gilioli, G. (2003). The Effects of Triflumuron Against the Western Flower Thrips
(Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)) on Pepper: An Evaluation Based on the Analysis of Population
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Dynamics. JAppl.Entomol. 127: 413-420.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82383
Chemical of Concern: MCB,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: TARGET
(CPYM).
858. Valarmathi, K. and Sundararajan, R. (1986). Biology of Chelonus blackburni Cameron and
Comparative Toxicity of Certain Pesticides to Bracon brevicornis Wesmael and Chelonus blackburni
Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomol.Ser. 1:47-51.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93332
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CBL,FNV,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,GRO;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY,CBL,FNV,MOM).
859. Varies, S. M. (1998). Toxicological and Biochemical Studies with Field Populations of the German
Cockroach, Blattella germanica. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 62: 190-200.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
860. Valles, S. M. and Woodson, W. D. (2002). Group Effects on Insecticide Toxicity in Workers of the
Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. PestManag.Sci. 58: 769-774.
EcoReference No.: 69744
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CHD; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
861. Van Breukelen, S. W. F. and Brock, T. C. M. (1993). Response of a Macro-Invertebrate Community to
Insecticide Application in Replicated Freshwater Microcosms with Emphasis on the Use of Principal
Component Analysis. Sci. Total Environ. .: 1047-1058.
EcoReference No.: 4330
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
862. Van den Brink, P. J., Van Wijngaarden, R. P. A., Lucassen, W. G. H., Brock, T. C. M., and
Leeuwangh, P. (1996). Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E (Active Ingredient Chlorpyrifos) in
Outdoor Experimental Ditches: II. Invertebrate Community Responses and. Environ.Toxicol.Chem.
15: 1143-1153.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17218
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
863. Van der Hoeven, N. and Gerritsen, A. A. M. (1997). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Individuals and
Populations of Daphnia pulex in the Laboratory and Field. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 2438-2447.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18477
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: NOC,POP,MOR,PHY; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
864. Van Erp, S., Booth, L., Gooneratne, R., and O'Halloran, K. (2002). Sublethal Responses of Wolf
spiders (Lycosidae) to Organophosphorous Insecticides. Environ.Toxicol. 17: 449-456.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82065
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR; Rejection Code:
TARGET(DZ,CPY).
-------
865. Van Wijngaarden, R. (1993). Comparison of Response of the Mayfly Cloeon dipterum to Chlorpyrifos
in a Single Species Toxicity Test, Laboratory Microcosms, Outdoor Ponds and. Sci. Total Environ.
1037-1046.
EcoReferenceNo.: 4331
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
866. Van Wijngaarden, R., Leeuwangh, P., Lucassen, W. G. H., Romijn, K., Ronday, R., and Van der
Velde, R. (1993). Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Fish, a Newt, and Aquatic Invertebrates.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 716-723.
EcoReferenceNo.: 8107
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
867. Van Wijngaarden, R. P. A., Van den Brink, P. J., Crum, S. J. H., Oude Voshaar, J. H., Brock, T. C. M.,
and Leeuwangh, P. (1996). Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E (Active Ingredient Chlorpyrifos) in
Outdoor Experimental Ditches: I. Comparison of Short-Term Toxicity Between.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 1133-1142.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17254
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,POP,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
868. Varo, I., Amat, F., Navarro, J. C., Barreda, M., Pitarch, E., and Serrano, R. (2006). Assessment of the
Efficacy of Artemia sp (Crustacea) Cysts Chorion as Barrier to Chlorpyrifos (Organophosphorus
Pesticide) Exposure. Effect on Hatching and Survival. Sci.Total Environ. 366: 148-153.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92494
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
869. Varo, I., Navarro, J. C., Amat, F., and Guilhermino, L. (2002). Characterisation of Cholinesterases and
Evaluation of the Inhibitory Potential of Chlorpyrifos and Dichlorvos to Artemia salina and Artemia
parthenogenetica. Chemosphere 48: 563-569.
EcoReferenceNo.: 65812
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
870. Varo, I., Serrano, R., Navarro, J. C., Lopez, F. J., and Amat, F. (1998 ). Acute Lethal Toxicity of the
Organophosphorus Pesticide Chlorpyrifos to Different Species and Strains of Artemia.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 61: 778-785.
EcoReferenceNo.: 20148
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
871. Varo, I., Serrano, R., Pitarch, E., Amat, F., Lopez, F. J., and Navarro, J. C. (2002). Bioaccumulation of
Chlorpyrifos Through an Experimental Food Chain: Study of Protein HSP70 as Biomarker of
Sublethal Stress in Fish. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 42: 229-235.
EcoReferenceNo.: 65921
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
-------
872. Varo, I., Serrano, R., Pitarch, E., Amat, F., Lopez, F. J., and Navarro, J. C. (2000). Toxicity and
Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Organisms: Artemia partheno genetic a (Crustacea),
Gambusia affinis, and Aphanius iberus (Pisces). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 65: 623-630.
EcoReferenceNo.: 57001
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
873. Venerosi, A., Calamandrei, G., and Ricceri, L. (2006). A Social Recognition Test for Female Mice
Reveals Behavioral Effects of Developmental Chlorpyrifos Exposure. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 28: 466-
471.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92493
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BEH: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
874. Verma, R. S., Mehta, A., and Srivastava, N. (2007). In Vivo Chlorpyrifos Induced Oxidative Stress:
Attenuation by Antioxidant Vitamins. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 88: 191-196.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92492
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
875. Verslycke, T., Roast, S. D., Widdows, J., Jones, M. B., and Janssen, C. R. (2004). Cellular Energy
Allocation and Scope for Growth in the Estuarine Mysid Neomysis integer (Crustacea: Mysidacea)
Following Chlorpyrifos Exposure: A Method Comparison. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol. 306: 1-16.
EcoReference No.: 77062
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,CEL,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
876. Villani, M. G. and Wright, R. J. (1987). Fall Control of White Grubs with Insecticides on a Long
Island Golf Course, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 326 (No. 392).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88693
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCF,EP,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(CPY,TCF,EP),OKTARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
877. Villani, M. G. and Wright, R. J. (1987). Fall Control of White Grubs with Labelled Insecticides and
Entomogenous Nematodes on a Golf Course, Syracuse, NY, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 325 (No.
391).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88695
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCF,CBL,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
OK(CPY,TCF,EP),OKTARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
878. Vinogradov, G. A., Stay, F., Umorin, P. P., Mavrin, A. S., Klerman, A. K., Koreneva, E. I., Kurbatova,
S. A., Solntseva, I. 0., and Vinogradova, G. I. (1996). The Effect of Heavy Metals and Chlorpyrifos,
Separately and in Combination, on a Continuous Flow Mesocosm Aquatic System. In: EPA-600/R-
96/090, Proc. USA-Russia Symp.on the Problems of Aquatic Toxicology, Biotesting and Water Quality
Management, Jul.21-23, 1992, Borok, Jaroslavl Oblast, Ecosyst.Res.Div., Athens, GA 148-1017.
EcoReference No.: 67672
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
-------
879. Vittum, P. J. (1987). Efficacy of Several Insecticides Against Asiatic Garden Beetle, Massachusetts,
1986. ImecticAcaric.Tests 12: 327 (No. 393).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88770
Chemical of Concern: CBL,TMMC,CPY,FNT,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(CBL),TARGET(CPY).
880. Vodela, J. K. and Dalvi, R. R. (1997). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Hepatic Gamma-Glutamyl
Transferase, Serum Cholinesterase and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme Activities in Rats.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 59: 796-801.
EcoReferenceNo.: 59712
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
881. Volz, D. C., Wirth, E. F., Fulton, M. H., Scott, G. I., Strozier, E., Block, D. S., Ferry, J. L., Walse, S.
S., and Chandler, G. T. (2003). Effects of Fipronil and Chlorpyrifos on Endocrine-Related Endpoints
in Female Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 71: 497-503.
EcoReference No.: 72409
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FPN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP,GRO,MOR,BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(FPN,CPY).
882. Vyas, S. C. and Vyas, S. (1995). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Agrichemical Interaction. In:
llth Int.Symp., Mod.Fungic.Antifungal Compd 439-444.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93320
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,THM,CBD,MLX,MZB,CBL,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
GRO,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(MP,THM,MZB,CBL,PRT).
883. Wacksman, M. N, Maul, J. D., and Lydy, M. J. (2006). Impact of Atrazine on Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in
Four Aquatic Vertebrates. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 681-689.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91730
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.ACC.MOR.BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ATZ,CPY).
884. Walgenbach, J. F. and Palmer, C. R. (1999). Apple Insect Control, 1998. Arthropod Manage.Tests 24:
30-34 (A30).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88276
Chemical of Concern: DMT,IMC,EFV,TUZ,AZ,PSM,DZ,CPY,MP,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: TARGET(MP, DMT,EFV),TARGET(CPY).
885. Walker, G. P., O'Connell, N., and Aitken, D. C. G. (1987). Timing Lorsban Applications for California
Red Scale Control, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 89-90 (No. 90).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88645
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(CPY).
886. Walker, W. W. (1984). Development of a Fate/Toxicity Screening Test. EPA-600/s4-84-074,
U.S.EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 30 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90259
Chemical of Concern: MP,TBC,CTN,DFZ,CPY,ES,DFPM,PRT,TFN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MP,TBC,CTN,DFZ,CPY,ES,DFPM),OK(PRT,TFN).
-------
887. Walsh, G. E. (1983). Cell Death and Inhibition of Population Growth of Marine Unicellular Algae by
Pesticides. Aquat.Toxicol. 3: 209-214.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11070
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,HCCP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.CEL: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,ATZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).
888. Walsh, G. E. (1981). Effects of Pesticides and Industrial Wastes on Unicellular Algae and Seagrass.
In: Research and Development: Experimental Environments Branch, Prog.Rep.for Fiscal Year 1981,
Unpubl.Lab.Data, U.S.EPA, ERL-Gulf Breeze, FL 3-26.
EcoReference No.: 4803
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,PCP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,ATZ,PCP),OK(ALL CHEMS).
889. Walsh, G. E., McLaughlin, L. L., Yoder, M. J., Moody, P. H., Lores, E. M., Forester, J., and
Wessinger-Duvall, P. B. (1988). Minutocellus polymorphus: A New Marine Diatom for Use in Algal
Toxicity Tests. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 7: 925-929.
EcoReference No.: 13180
Chemical of Concern: Cd,Pb,Zn,TBT,CPY,ATZ,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,TBF,ATZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).
890. Walton, V. M. and Pringle, K. L. (1999). Effects of Pesticides Used on Table Grapes on the Mealybug
Parasitoid Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). S.Afr.J.Enol. Vitic.
20: 31-34.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93317
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES,CYP,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY,CYP),NO ENDPOINT(MZB).
891. Walton, W. E., Darwazeh, H. A., Mulla, M. S., and Schreiber, E. T. (1990). Impact of Selected
Synthetic Pyrethroids and Organophosphorous Pesticides on the Tadpole Shrimp, Triops longicaudatus
(Le Conte) (Notostraca: Triopsidae). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45: 62-68.
EcoReferenceNo.: 60194
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CYP,CPY,PYT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,RSM,CYP),OK(ALL CHEMS).
892. Wan, M. T., Moul, D. J., and Watts, R. G. (1987). Acute Toxicity to Juvenile Pacific Salmonids of
Garlon 3A, Garlon 4, Triclopyr, Triclopyr Ester, and Their Transformation Products: 3,5,6-Trichloro-
2. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 39: 721-728 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReferenceNo.: 12605
Chemical of Concern: TPR,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
893. Wedberg, J. and Jensen, B. (1992). Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of
Alfalfa Insects in Wisconsin, 1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume
17, Entomol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD 184.
EcoReference No.: 79786
Chemical of Concern: PSM,CBL,DMT,CPY,MP,PMR,CYH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: TARGET(CBL,MP,CPY).
894. Welling, W. and De Vries, J. W. (1992). Bioconcentration Kinetics of the Organophosphorus
-------
Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in Guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 23: 64-75.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3907
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
895. Wesson, D. M. (1990). Susceptibility to Organophosphate Insecticides in Larval Aedes albopictus.
J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 6: 258-264.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90110
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNT,FNTH,MLN,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(FNT,FNTH,MLN,TMP).
896. Whalen, J. and Vanderhoef, H. (1986). Potato Leafhopper Control on Alfalfa, 1985.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 221 (No. 285).
EcoReferenceNo.: 87884
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CBF,CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(CBL, DMT),TARGET(CPY).
897. Wheelock, C. E., Eder, K. J., Werner, I., Huang, H., Jones, P. D., Brammell, B. F., Elskus, A. A., and
Hammock, B. D. (2005). Individual Variability in Esterase Activity and CYP1A Levels in Chinook
Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Exposed to Esfenvalerate and Chlorpyrifos. Aquat.Toxicol. 74:
172-192.
EcoReferenceNo.: 81329
Chemical of Concern: EFV,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(EFV,CPY).
898. White, N. D. G. (1988). Residual Activity of Insecticides on Freshly Harvested and Previously Stored
Wheat, and on Various Carriers Exposed to Concrete Surfaces. Proc.Entomol.Soc.Ont. 119: 35-42.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91028
Chemical of Concern: FYC,PIRM,CPYM,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPYM),OK(FYC).
899. White, N. D. G., Jayas, D. S., and Demianyk, C. J. (1997). Degradation and Biological Impact of
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl on Stored Wheat and Pirimiphos-Methyl on Stored Maize in Western Canada.
J.StoredProd.Res. 33: 125-135.
EcoReference No.: 67959
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code:
EFFICACY(CPYM).
900. White, N. D. G. and Sinha, R. N. (1990). Effect of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl on Oat Ecosystems in Farm
Granaries. J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 1128-1134.
EcoReference No.: 67969
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.REP: Rejection Code:
EFFICACY(CPYM).
901. Whitford, F., Quisenberry, S., and Bagley, C. P. (1987). Fall Armyworm, Leafhopper, and Planthopper
Control in Louisiana, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 318 (No. 379).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88696
Chemical of Concern: CBL,TDC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
-------
OK(CPY),OKTARGET(CBL,TDC),TARGET(CPY).
902. Whitten, C. J. and Bull, D. L. (1974). Comparative Toxicity, Absorption and Metabolism of
Chlorpyrifos and Its Dimethyl Homologue in Methyl Parathion-Resistant and -Susceptible Tobacco
Budworms. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 4: 266-274.
EcoReference No.: 62746
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(MP,CPY).
903. Williams, B. J. and Harvey, R. G. (1996). Nicosulfuron Tolerance in Sweet Corn (Zea mays) as
Affected by Hybrid, Rootworm Insecticide, and Nicosulfuron Treatment. Weed Technol. 10: 488-494.
EcoReference No.: 93417
Chemical of Concern: TBO,CPY,CEX,NSF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
904. Williams, R. N, Ellis, M. A., and Fickle, D. S. (1988). Bioassay Evaluation of Insecticides on
Blueberries, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 64-65 (No. 3C).
EcoReference No.: 88834
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PSM,CBL,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(CPY,PSM),OKTARGET(CBL,AZ),TARGET(CPY).
905. Williams, R. N., Ellis, M. A., Fickle, D. S., and Pavuk, D. M. (1986). Larvicidal Evaluation for the
Control of Endopiza viteana, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 89(113).
EcoReference No.: 87891
Chemical of Concern: ES,CBL,CPY,CYF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
OK(CYF),TARGET(CBL),EFFICACY(CPY).
906. Williams, R. N., Fickle, D. S., and Ellis, M. A. (1987). Bioassay Evaluation of Insecticides on
Blueberries, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 78 (No. 073).
EcoReference No.: 88738
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
OK(CPY),OKTARGET(CBL,AZ),TARGET(CPY).
907. Willson, H. R. and Eisley, J. B. (1996). Evaluation of Soil Insecticides on Continuous Corn in Ohio,
1995. ArthropodManag.Tests 21: 233 (5IF).
EcoReference No.: 78949
Chemical of Concern: PRT,CEX,TBO,FNF,TFT,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PRT),EFFICACY(CPY),OK(CBF).
908. Willson, H. R. and Eisley, J. B. (1992). Evaluation of Soil Insecticides on First Year and Continuous
Corn in OH, 1991. Insect.Acaric. Tests 77219.
EcoReference No.: 79783
Chemical of Concern: FNF,CBF,CPY,TBO,TFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(FNF,CBF,TBO,TFT).
909. Wilson, J. E. H. (1997). The Grass Shrimp Embryo-Larval Toxicity Test: A Short-Term Predictive
Bioassay. Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 53-65.
EcoReference No.: 19763
Chemical of Concern: ACR,CPY,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code:
-------
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
910. Wilton, D. P., Fetzer, L. E. Jr., and Fay, R. W. (1973). Insecticide Baits for Anopheline Larvae.
Mosq.News 33: 198-203.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13956
Chemical of Concern: FNTH,FNT,CMPH,CBL,MXC,MCB,CPY,RSM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO
ENDPOINT(RSM,MCB,MXC,CBL,FNTH),OK(FNT,CMPH).
911. Winner, R. A., Steelman, C. D., and Schilling, P. E. (1978). Effects of Selected Insecticides on
Romanomermis culicivorax, a Mermithid Nematode Parasite of Mosquito Larvae. Mosq.News 38:
546-552.
EcoReference No.: 67468
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Naled,PPX,TMP,FNTH,MTPN,DFZ,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,REP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MTPN,MLN,CPY,Naled),OK(ALL CHEMS).
912. Wolfenbarger, D. A., Riley, D. G., and Cartwright, B. (1997). Can Response Levels to any Insecticide
be Maintained be a Population of Beet Armyworm? In: Proc.Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2: 1024-1028.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71583
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MOM),TARGET(CPY).
913. Womeldorf, D. J., Washino, R. K., White, K. E., and Gieke, P. A. (1970). Insecticide Susceptibility of
Mosquitoes in California: Response of Anopheles freeborni Aitken Larvae to Organophosphorus
Compounds. Mosq.News 30: 375-382.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3660
Chemical of Concern: MLN,MP,PRN,FNTH,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MLN,MP),OK(PRN,FNTH).
914. Won, Y. K., Liu, J., Olivier, K. Jr., Zheng, Q., and Pope, C. N. (2001). Age-Related Effects of
Chlorpyrifos on Acetylcholine Release in Rat Brain. Neurotoxicology 22: 39-48.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92583
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
915. Woodburn, K. B., Hansen, S. C., Roth, G. A., and Strauss, K. (2003). The Bioconcentration and
Metabolism of Chlorpyrifos by the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 22:
276-284.
EcoReferenceNo.: 68191
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
916. Woodrow, R. J., Grace, J. K., and Oshiro, R. J. (2006). Comparison of Localized Injections of
Spinosad and Selected Insecticides for the Control of Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)
in Naturally Infested Structural Mesocosms. J.Econ.Entomol. 99: 1354-1362.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87904
Chemical of Concern: RSM,Na20T,CPY,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(CPY).
-------
917. Woodruff, R. C., Phillips, J. P., and Irwin, D. (1983). Pesticide-Induced Complete and Partial
Chromosome Loss in Screens with Repair-Defective Females of Drosophila melanogaster.
Environ.Mutagen. 5: 835-846.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90436
Chemical of Concern: PMR,DZ,DDT,DMT,Captan,Maneb,BMC,PAQT,PCL,24DXY,CBL,CPY,CBF;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(Captan,Maneb,BMC),OK TARGET(DMT,CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS).
918. Wright, R. J., Scharf, M. E., Meinke, L. J., Zhou, X., Siegfried, B. D., and Chandler, L. D. (2000).
Larval Susceptibility of an Insecticide-Resistant Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae) Population to Soil Insecticides: Laboratory Bioassays, Assays of Detoxification
Enzymes, and Field Performance. J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 7-13.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58594
Chemical of Concern: CEX,FNF,PBP,TFT,MP,CBF,CPY,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,BCM,POP; Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
919. Wu, T. and Jans, U. (2006). Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl with Sulfur
Species. Environ.Sci.Technol. 40: 784-790.
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPYM).
920. Wu, Y.-J., Harp, P., Yan, X.-R., and Pope, C. N. (2003). Nicotinic Autoreceptor Function in Rat Brain
During Maturation and Aging: Possible Differential Sensitivity to Organophosphorus
Anticholinesterases. Chem.Biol.Interact. 142: 255-268.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92570
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
921. Xia, X. J., Huang, Y. Y., Wang, L., Huang, L. F., Yu, Y. L., Zhou, Y. H., and Yu, J. Q. (2006).
Pesticides-Induced Depression of Photosynthesis was Alleviated by 24-Epibrassinolide Pretreatment in
Cucumis sativus L. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 86: 42-48.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93531
Chemical of Concern: ABM,CPY,PAQT,FZFPB,HFP,FUZ,CYZ,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
PHY,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
922. Xuereb, B., Noury, P., Felten, V., Garric, J., and Geffard, 0. (2007). Cholinesterase Activity in
Gammarus pulex (Crustacea amphipoda): Characterization and Effects of Chlorpyrifos. Toxicology
236: 178-189.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93045
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
923. Yokoyama, V. Y., Pritchard, J., and Dowell, R. V. (1984). Laboratory Toxicity of Pesticides to
Geocoris pallens (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), a Predator in California Cotton. J.Econ.Entomol. 77: 10-
15.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88497
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CBL,DMT,MTM,MTAS,CPY,MP,MOM,FNV,BMY; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(ACP,CBL,DMT,MTM,CPY,MP,MOM,FNV),NO
ENDPOINT(MTAS),NO COC(TBF).
-------
924. Yu, S. J. (1991). Insecticide Resistance in the Fall Army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith).
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 39: 84-91.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73599
Chemical of Concern:
MOM,PMR,CYP,CYT,BFT,TMT,FVL,DZ,CPY,MP,CBL,TDC,DDVP,SPS,TLM,MLN,FNV;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(MLN,FVL,CYP,DZ,TDC,BFT,CBL,MOM,TMT), OK(ALL
CHEMS),TARGET(MP,FNV,CPY).
925. Yu, S. J. (1988). Selectivity of Insecticides to the Spined Soldier Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and
Its Lepidopterous Prey. J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 119-122.
EcoReference No.: 68973
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ,CPY).
926. Zacharda, M. and Hluchy, M. (1991). Long-Term Residual Efficacy of Commercial Formulations of
16 Pesticides to Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Inhabiting Commercial Vineyards.
Exp.ApplAcarol. 13: 27-40.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92021
Chemical of Concern: OMT,EFV,PHSL,PSM,SFR,MZB,DCF,DZ,CPY,ES,FNT; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK(MZB),OK TARGET(OMT,EFV,PSM,DZ,CPY).
927. Zanaty, E. M., Tadros, M. S., and El-Sherbeni, A. E. (1987). The Effect of Some Pesticides on the
Biological Aspects of the Predatory Mite Amblyseius gossipi El-Badry. Delta J.Sci. 11: 1254-1268.
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: TARGET(CPY).
928. Zayed, A. B., Mostafa, A. A., Osman, M. Z., and Kotb, N. A. (1997). Susceptibility of Culex pipiens
Complex Mosquito to Some Insecticides in Egypt. Al-Azhar Bull.Sci. 8: 223-228.
EcoReference No.: 67754
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNT,TMP,PMR,FNTH,MLN,DM,PPX; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY),OK(FNT,TMP,PMR,FNTH,DM,PPX).
929. Zayed, S. M. A. D., Farghaly, M., and El-Maghraby, S. (2003). Fate of 14C-Chlorpyrifos in Stored
Soybeans and Its Toxicological Potential to Mice. FoodChem.Toxicol. 41: 767-772.
EcoReferenceNo.: 81518
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
930. Zhang, L., Shono, T., Yamanaka, S., and Tanabe, H. (1994). Effects of Insecticides on the
Entomopathogenie Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser. Appl.Entomol.Zool. 29: 539-547.
EcoReferenceNo.: 84164
Chemical of Concern:
TMP,FNT,DDW,CPY,ACP,DZ,FNTH,MLN,TCF,PTP,PFF,IMC,FNV,SPS,MOM,OML,PPX,EFX,P
MR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(EFX,CPY,FNV,PMR,ACP,DZ,MLN,MOM).
931. Zidan, Z. H., Abdel-Megeed, M. I., Watson, W. M., and Sobeiha, A. K. (1987). Ovicidal Activity of
Certain Mineral Oils, Organic Insecticides and Their Mixtures Against the Cotton Leafworm,
Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Appl.Entomol.Zool. 22: 241-247.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 78162
Chemical of Concern: ALSV,TDC,MOM,PFF,CPY,CYP,FPP,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(ALSV,MOM),TARGET(TDC,CPY,FNV).
932. Zrum, L., Hann, B. J., Goldsborough, L. G., and Stern, G. A. (2000). Effects of Organophosphorus
Insecticide and Inorganic Nutrients on the Planktonic Microinvertebrates and Algae in a Prairie
Wetland. Arch.Hydrobiol. 147: 373-399.
EcoReference No.: 60811
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Acceptable for ECOTOX but not OPP
1. Abdou, R. F. and Abdel-Wahab, M. A. (1985). Cytological and Developmental Effects of Certain Insecticides
in Vicia faba. Int.Pest Control 27: 123-125.
EcoReference No.: 44263
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,CYP,MTM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.GRO.CEL; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CBL,CYP,MTM),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
2. Abu-Qare, A. W. and Abou-Donia, M. B. (2001). Simultaneous Determination of Chlorpyrifos, Permethrin, and
Their Metabolites in Rat Plasma and Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
JAnal.Toxicol. 25: 275-279.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91556
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
COC(SMT),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,PMR).
3. Acevedo, R. (1991). Preliminary Observations on Effects of Pesticides Carbaryl, Naphthol, and Chlorpyrifos
on Planulae of the Hermatypic Coral Pocillopora damicornis. Pac.Sci. 45: 287-289.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71944
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CBL,CPY).
4. Ahmad, S. and Das, Y. T. (1978). Japanese Beetle Grubs Dosage Mortality Response and Symptoms of
Poisoning Following Topical Treatments with Chlorpyrifos and Dieldrin. J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 939-
942.
EcoReference No.: 44481
Chemical of Concern: DLD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY)//NO OM, pH.
5. Ahmed, W. (1977). A Laboratory and Field Study of the Toxicity of Mosquito Larvicides to Non-Target Insects
Found in California Rice Fields. Ph.D.Thesis, University of California, Davis, CA 4 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5127
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
6. Ahmed, W. and Washino, R. K. (1976). Toxicity of Pesticides Used in Rice Culture in California to Gambusia
affinis (Baird and Girard). Ph.D.Thesis, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 31 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17722
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CBF,CPY,MP,CuS,MCPA,EDT,DU,MLT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
-------
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,MP),NO CONTROL(MLT,CuS),NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
7. Akesson, N. B., Whitesell, K. G., Womeldorf, D. J., Gilllies, P. A., and Yates, W. E. (1972). Rice Field
Mosquito Control Studies with Low Volume Dursban Sprays in Colusa County, California II.
Operational Procedures and Deposition Measurement. Mosq.News 32: 368-375.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14032
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
8. Al-Khatib, Z. I. (1985). Isolation of an Organophosphate Susceptible Strain of Culex quinquefasciatus from a
Resistant Field Population by Discrimination Against Esterase-2 Phenotypes. J.Am.Mosq.Control
Assoc. 1: 105-107.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11000
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MLN,CPY).
9. Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1978). Declining Field Efficacy of Chlorpyrifos Against Chironomid Midges and
Laboratory Evaluation of Substitute Larvicides. J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 778-782.
EcoReference No.: 6268
Chemical of Concern: C YP,FNV,TMP,CP Y,MLN,FNTH,DM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CYP,FNV,TMP,MLN,FNTH,DM),NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
10. Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1978). Effects of Chironomid Larvicides and Diflubenzuron on Nontarget
Invertebrates in Residential-Recreational Lakes. Environ.Entomol. 7: 21-27.
EcoReference No.: 5133
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
11. Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1977). The IGR Diflubenzuron and Organophosphorus Insecticides Against Nuisance
Midges in Man-Made Residential-Recreational Lakes. J.Econ.Entomol. 70: 571-577.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5170
Chemical of Concern: DFZ,CPY,MP,TMP,FNTH,MLN,EPRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(DFZ,MP,TMP,FNTH,MLN,EPRN),NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
12. Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1976). Insecticidal Control of Chironomid Midges in the Santa Ana River Water
Spreading System, Orange County, California. J.Econ.Entomol. 69: 509-513.
EcoReferenceNo.: 181
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNTH,MLN,MP,EPRN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TMP,FNTH,MLN,MP,EPRN,CPY).
13. Allen, R. L. and Snipes, C. E. (1995). Interactions of Foliar Insecticides Applied with Pyrithiobac. Weed
Technol. 9: 512-517.
EcoReference No.: 64055
Chemical of Concern: ACP,PTB,AZ,BFT,CPY,DCTP,EFV,MLN,MOM,OML,TDC; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: PHY.GRO.POP: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(ACP,AZ,BFT,CPY,DCTP,MOM,OML).
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14. Amalin, D. M, Pena, J. E., Yu, S. J., and McSorley, R. (2000). Selective Toxicity of some Pesticides to Hibana
Velox (Araneae: Anyphaenidae), a Predator of Citrus Leafminer. Fla.Entomol. 83: 254-262.
EcoReference No.: 68114
Chemical of Concern: ABM,DBZ,AZD,IMC,AV,DCF,ETN,AZ,ALSV,Cu,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
15. Amer, S. M., Fahmy, M. A., and Donya, S. M. (1996). Cytogenetic Effect of Some Insecticides in Mouse
Spleen. J.Appl.Toxicol. 16: 1-3.
EcoReference No.: 75291
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,DDT,MLN,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
16. Apperson, C. S. and Georghiou, G. P. (1975). Mechanisms of Resistance to Organophosphorus Insecticides in
Culex tarsalis. J.Econ.Entomol. 68: 153-157 .
EcoReference No.: 92649
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PPB,MPO,MP,MLX,PRN,FNT,FNTH,CP YM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BCM,MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TARGET-MPO,MP,MLN,CPYM),NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(PPB,TBF).
17. Archer, T. E. and Gauer, W. 0. (1985). Residues of Five Pesticides in Field-Treated Alfalfa Seeds and Alfalfa
Sprouts. J.Emiron.Sci.Health Part B 20: 445-456.
EcoReference No.: 64050
Chemical of Concern: ADC,CTN,CPY,MTM,PPG; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
18. Areekul, S. (1987). Toxicity to Fishes of Insecticides Used in Paddy Fields and Water Resources. I.
Laboratory Experiment. KasetsartJ.20(2):164-178(1986)(THI)(ENGABS) /C.A.Sel.-Environ.Pollut.
12: 106-190732T.
EcoReference No.: 283
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ADC,PRT,DS,HCCH,CBL,HPT,PPX,FNT,MLN,DZ; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN,NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL,NO
DURATION(CPY).
19. Arthur, F. H. (1995). Degradation and Efficacy of Deltamethrin + Chlorpyrifos-Methyl and Cyfluthrin +
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl as Protectants of Wheat Stored in Southeast Georgia. J.Entomol.Sci. 30: 397-
405.
EcoReference No.: 63286
Chemical of Concern: CYF,DM,PPB,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(PPB,CPYM,DM)TARGET (CPYM),OK TARGET(CYF).
20. Arthur, F. H. (1994). Efficacy of Cyfluthrin, Cyfluthrin + Piperonyl Butoxide, and Cyfluthrin + Piperonyl
Butoxide + Chlorpyrifos-Methyl as Protectants of Stored Peanuts. Peanut Sci. 21: 44-48.
EcoReference No.: 63518
Chemical of Concern: CYF,PPB,CPY,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(PPB,CPYM),OK(CYF).
21. Arthur, F. H. (1994). Residual Efficacy of Cyfluthrin Applied Alone or in Combination with Piperonyl
Butoxide or Piperonyl Butoxide + Chlorpyrifos-Methyl as Protectants of Stored Corn. J.Entomol.Sci.
29: 276-287.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 63363
Chemical of Concern: CYF,PPB,CPY,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS,TARGET(CYF,CPYM).
22. Atkins, E. L., Greywood, E. A., and Macdonald, R. L. (1975). Toxicity of Pesticides and Other Agricultural
Chemicals to Honey Bees. Leaflet 2287, Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California,
Davis, CA 36 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 40218
Chemical of Concern: DDT,MLN,EN,DLD,CBF,CPY,PRN,AND,MP,FNTH,ADC,MVP,ATZ;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
23. Atkins, E. L., Kellum, D., and Neuman, K. J. (1977). Repellent Additives to Reduce Pesticide Hazards to
Honey Bees. Am.BeeJ. 117:438-439,457.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35011
Chemical of Concern: MP,OML,CPY,FTTC1,DEET,DEM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR;
Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(MP).
24. Atwood, S. T., Sheets, T. J., Sutton, T. B., and Leidy, R. B. (1987). Stability of Selected Pesticide Formulations
and Combinations in Aqueous Media. J.Agric.FoodChem. 35: 169-172.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90321
Chemical of Concern: AZ,MZB,Captan,PSM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC,REP,GRO;
Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(AZ,CPY),TARGET(MZB,Captan).
25. Awad, 0. M. (2003). Operational Use of Neem Oil as an Alternative Anopheline Larvicide. Part B:
Environmental Impact and Toxicological Potential. East.Medit.Health J. 9: 646-658.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87316
Chemical of Concern: FNT,CPYM,TMP,AZD; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,BCM,CEL;
Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(CPYM).
26. Awad, 0. M. and Shimaila, A. (2003). Operational Use of Neem Oil as an Alternative Anopheline Larvicide.
Part A: Laboratory and Field Efficacy. East.Mediterr.Health J. 9:637-645.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87309
Chemical of Concern: FNT,CPYM,TMP,AZD; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(CPYM).
27. Axtell, R. C., Dukes, J. C., and Edwards, T. D. (1979). Field Tests of Diflubenzuron, Methoprene, Flit MLO
and Chlorpyrifos for the Control of Aedes taeniorhynchus Larvae in Diked Dredged Spoil Areas.
Mosq.News 39: 520-527.
EcoReference No.: 60725
Chemical of Concern: DFZ,CPY,MTPN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MTPN,CPY).
28. Aysal, P., Gozek, K., Artik, N, and Tuncbilek, A. S. (1999). 14C-Chlorpyrifos Residues in Tomatoes and
Tomato Products. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 62: 377-382.
EcoReferenceNo.: 47198
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY).
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29. Azuma, T., Niiro, M, and Motobu, H. (1994). Removal of Pesticides from Wastewater at Golf Courses Using
Plants (Removal by Mung Beans; Phaseolus radiatus L). Bio-Med.Mater.Eng. 4: 127-137.
EcoReference No.: 70770
Chemical of Concern: SZ,DZ,CPY,Captan,FNT,CTN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,ACC;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMSJARGET-SZ).
30. Bacey, J., Spurlock, F., Starner, K., Feng, H., Hsu, J., White, J., and Iran, D. M. (2005). Residues and Toxicity
of Esfenvalerate and Permethrin in Water and Sediment, in Tributaries of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin Rivers, California, USA. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 74: 864-871.
EcoReference No.: 92740
Chemical of Concern: SZ,HXZ,BMC,ATZ,TBF,PRT,DDW,DZ,CPY,PMR,EFV,DMT,MP; Habitat:
A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONC,NO
ENDPOINT(SZ,PRT,DZ,CPY,PMR,TBF,EFV,DMT,MP).
31. Balcomb, R., Stevens, R., and Bowen II, C. (1984). Toxicity of 16 Granular Insecticides to Wild-Caught
Songbirds. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 33: 302-307.
EcoReference No.: 35027
Chemical of Concern: PRT,ADC,TBC,PRN,FMP,EP,CPY,FNF,DS,TBO,IFP,CBF,ADC,DZ,TMP;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY),LITE EVAL
CODED(DZ,CBF,ADC,PRT).
32. Bandoni, D J. (1996). The Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol Content as a Surfactant on the Volatilization of the
Pesticide Chlorpyrifos. In: Proc.4th Int.Symp.on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, N.Z.FRI Bull.No. 193:
120-125.
EcoReference No.: 72899
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
33. Barron, M. G., Plakas, S. M., and Wilga, P. C. (1991). Chlorpyrifos Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism
Following Intravascular and Dietary Administration in Channel Catfish. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.
108: 474-482.
EcoReference No.: 3796
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
34. Barron, M. G., Plakas, S. M., Wilga, P. C., and Ball, T. (1993). Absorption, Tissue Distribution and Metabolism
of Chlorpyrifos in Channel Catfish Following Waterborne Exposure. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 12:
1469-1476.
EcoReference No.: 9358
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
35. Barton, L. C. (1970). The Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Dursban on Immature Culex pipiens
quinquefasciatus Say. Entomol.Spec.Study No.31-004-70/71, U.S.Army Int.Army Agency, Edgewood
Arsenal, MD 4 p. (NTIS/AD-712316).
EcoReference No.: 4157
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
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36. Bejarano, A. C., Decho, A. W., and Chandler, G. T. (2005). The Role of Various Dissolved Organic Matter
Forms on Chlorpyrifos Bioavailability to the Estuarine Bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria.
Mar.Emiron.Res. 60: 111-130.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80859
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
37. Bejarano, A. C., Widenfalk, A., Decho, A. W., and Chandler, G. T. (2003). Bioavailability of the
Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos to the Suspension-Feeding Bivalve, Mercenaria
mercenaria, Following Exposure to Dissolved and Paniculate Matter. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 22:
2100-2105.
EcoReference No.: 71715
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
38. Belal, M., Riad, S., El-Husseiny, 0., and Awaad, M. (1982). The Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Fayoumi
Chicks. EgyptJ.Anim.Prod. 22: 127-131.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93344
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.CEL.BCM; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ADC,CPY).
39. Bellows, T. S. Jr., Morse, J. G., and Gaston, L. K. (1993). Residual Toxicity of Pesticides Used for
Lepidopteran Insect Control on Citrus to Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).
Can.Entomol. 125: 995-1001.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91497
Chemical of Concern: Naled,PRN,MVP,CPY,EFV,FVL,CBL,MOM,TDC,TCF; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(Naled,CPY,EFV,CBL,MOM,TDC).
40. Berteau, P. E. and Deen, W. A. (1978). A Comparison of Oral and Inhalation Toxicities of Four Insecticides to
Mice and Rats. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 19: 113-120.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35039
Chemical of Concern: RSM,MLN,CPY,Naled; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(RSM,MLN,CPY,Naled).
41. Best, D. W. (1969). Dursban Effective for Mosquito Control in Creek Bottoms and Duck Ponds.
Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 37: 133-134 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 5606
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
42. Bhatnagar, A. and Gupta, A. (1998). Chlorpyriphos, Quinalphos, and Lindane Residues in Sesame Seed and Oil
(Sesamum indicum L.). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 60: 596-600.
EcoReference No.: 47548
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY).
43. Blackshaw, R. P. and O'Neill, S. (1987). Chlorpyrifos Compost Treatment for Vine Weevil Control: Growth of
Ornamental Plants Compared with an Aldrin Standard. J.Hortic.Sci. 62: 67-69.
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 62919
Chemical of Concern: CPY,AND; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
44. Boike, A. H. Jr., Rathburn, C. B. Jr., Lang, K. L., Masters, H. M, and Floore, T. G. (1985). Current Status on
the Florida Abate Monitoring Program - Susceptibility Levels of Three Species of Mosquitoes During
1984. J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 1:498-501.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11380
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y,MLN,Naled; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NOCONTROL(CPY,Naled,MLN),OK(ABT).
45. Boreham, S. and Birch, P. (1990). Changes in the Macro-Invertebrate Benthos of a Rural Essex Clay Stream
Following Pollution by the Pesticide Dursban. Lond.Nat. 69: 79-84.
EcoReference No.: 62006
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
46. Boreham, S. and Birch, P. (1987). The Use of Indicator Organisms to Assess Aquatic Pollution Following a
Motorway Insecticide Spill. Sci.Total Environ. 59: 477-480.
EcoReference No.: 4147
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
47. Borthwick, P. W. and Walsh, G. E. (1981). Initial Toxicological Assessment of Ambush, Bolero, Bux, Dursban,
Fentrifanil, Larvin, and Pydrin: Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Selected Estuarine . EPA 600/4-81-
076, U.S.EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 9 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3644
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBC,TDC,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.POP: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,TBC,TDC,PMR).
48. Boumaiza, M., Ktari, M. H., and Vitiello, P. (1979). Toxicity of Several Pesticides Used in Tunisia, for
Aphanius fasciatus Nardo, 1827 (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). Arch.Inst.Pasteur Tunis 56 : 307-342
(FRE).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5365
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,BT,CPY,DMT,DZ,MLN,PSM,PHMD,OMT; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN,NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
49. Bradbury, S. P., Carlson, R. W., Niemi, G. J., and Henry, T. R. (1991). Use of Respiratory-Cardiovascular
Responses of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Identifying Acute Toxicity Syndromes in
Fish. Part 4. Central Nervous System Seizure Agents. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 10: 115-131.
EcoReferenceNo.: 329
Chemical of Concern: EN,ES,CP Y,STCH,C YP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(CPY),LITE EVAL CODED(CYP),OK(ALL CHEMS).
50. Brazner, J. C., Heinis, L. J., and Jensen, D. A. (1989). A Littoral Enclosure for Replicated Field Experiments.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 8: 1209-1216.
EcoReference No.: 7629
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
-------
51. Brazner, J. C. and Kline, E. R. (1990). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Diet and Growth of Larval Fathead
Minnows, Pimephales promelas, in Littoral Enclosures. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 47: 1157-1165.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9157
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,BEH,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
52. Brempong-Yeboah, C. Y., Saito, T., Miyata, T., and Tsubaki, Y. (1982). Topical Toxicity of Some Pyrethroids.
J.Pestic.Sci. 7:47-51.
EcoReference No.: 72072
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PYN,HCCH,PMR,PTR,CHT,FPP,FNV,FNT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
53. Britson, C. A. and Threlkeld, S. T. (2000). Interactive Effects of Anthropogenic, Environmental, and Biotic
Stressors on Multiple Endpoints in Hyla chrysoscelis. J.Iowa Acad.Sci. 107: 61-66.
EcoReference No.: 69857
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,Hg; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,POP; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
54. Brock, T. C. M., Roijackers, R. M. M., Rollon, R., Bransen, F., and Van der Heyden, L. (1995). Effects of
Nutrient Loading and Insecticide Application on the Ecology of Elodea-Dominated Freshwater
Microcosms II. Responses of Macrophytes. Arch.Hydrobiol. 134: 53-74.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17409
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,BCM,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
55. Brock, T. C. M., Van den Bogaert, M., Bos, A. R., Van Breukelen, S. W. F., Reiche, R., and Terwoert, J.
(1992). Fate and Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E in Indoor Elodea-Dominated and Macrophyte-
Free Freshwater Model Ecosystems: II. Secondary Effects on. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 23:
391-409.
EcoReferenceNo.: 6351
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
56. Brock, T. C. M., Vet, J. J. R., Kerkhofs, M. J. J., Lijzen, J., Van Zuilekom, W. J., and Gijlstra, R. (1993). Fate
and Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E in Indoor Elodea-Dominated and Macrophyte-Free
Freshwater Model Ecosystems: III. Aspects of Ecosystem. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 25: 160-
169.
EcoReference No.: 13378
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
57. Brown, J. R. and Chow, L. Y. (1975). The Effect of Dursban on Micro-Flora in Non-Saline Waters.
Environ.Qual.Saf.Suppl. 3: 774-779.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5136
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
58. Brown, J. R., Chow, L. Y., and Deng, C. B. (1976). The Effect of Dursban upon Fresh Water Phytoplankton.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 15: 437-441 (Author Communication Used) (Publ in Part As 5136).
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 5137
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
59. Buchwalter, D. B., Jenkins, J. J., and Curtis, L. R. (2002). Respiratory Strategy is a Major Determinant of
[3H]Water and [14C]Chlorpyrifos Uptake in Aquatic Insects. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 59 : 1315-1322.
EcoReference No.: 68323
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
60. Buchwalter, D. B., Jenkins, J. J., and Curtis, L. R. (2003). Temperature Influences on Water Permeability and
Chlorpyrifos Uptake in Aquatic Insects with Differing Respiratory Strategies. Environ.Toxicol.Chem.
22: 2806-2812.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71732
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
61. Buchwalter, D. B., Sandahl, J. F., Jenkins, J. J., and Curtis, L. R. (2004). Roles of Uptake, Biotransformation,
and Target Site Sensitivity in Determining the Differential Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Second to
Fourth Instar Chironomous riparius (Meigen). Aquat.Toxicol. 66: 149-157.
EcoReference No.: 72804
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,BCM,GRO,MOR; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
62. Bulinski, J. and Matthiessen, J. N. (2002). Poor Efficacy of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos for the Control of
African Black Beetle (Heteronychus arator) in Eucalypt Plantations. Crop Protect. 21: 621-627.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92593
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
63. Bulinski, J., Matthiessen, J. N., and Alexander, R. (2006). Development of a Cost-Effective, Pesticide-Free
Approach to Managing African Black Beetle (Heteronychus arator) in Australian Eucalyptus
Plantations. Crop Protect. 25: 1161-1166.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92877
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TARGET-CPY).
64. Buss, D. S., McCaffery, A. R., and Callaghan, A. (2002). Evidence for p-Glycoprotein Modification of
Insecticide Toxicity in Mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens Complex. Med. Vet.Entomol. 16: 218-222.
EcoReference No.: 68925
Chemical of Concern: ES,DDT,CPY,CYP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY; Rejection Code:
NO IN VITRO(CPY,CYP,ES,DDT,FNTH),NO MIXTURE(CPY,CYP,ES,DDT,FNTH).
65. Butcher, J., Boyer, M., and Fowle, C. D. (1975). Impact of Dursban and Abate on Microbial Numbers and
Some Chemical Properties of Standing Ponds. Water Pollut.Res.Can. 10: 33-41.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15067
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
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66. Butcher, J. E., Boyer, M. G., and Fowle, C. D. (1977). Some Changes in Pond Chemistry and Photosynthetic
Activity Following Treatment with Increasing Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos.
Bull.Emiron.Contam.Toxicol. 17: 752-758.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5134
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
67. Butt, D. J., Kirby, A. H. M., and Williamson, C. J. (1973). Fungitoxic and Phytotoxic Effects of Fungicides
Controlling Powdery Mildew on Apple. Ann.Appl.Biol. 75: 217-228.
EcoReferenceNo.: 25217
Chemical of Concern: BMY,TFR,CPY,DINO,Captan,SFR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
PHY,POP,GRO; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,Captan,TFR).
68. Buznikov, G. A., Nikitina, L. A., Bezuglov, V. V., Lauder, J. M., Padilla, S., and Slotkin, T. A. (2001). An
Invertebrate Model of the Developmental Neurotoxicity of Insecticides: Effects of Chloropyrifos and
Dieldrin in Sea Urchin Embryos and Larvae. Environ.Health Perspect. 109: 651-661.
EcoReference No.: 60948
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DLD; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
69. Calumpang, S. M. F., Medina, M. J. B., Tejada, A. W., and Medina, J. R. (1997). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos,
Fenubucarb, Monocrotophos, and Methyl Parathion to Fish and Frogs After a Simulated Overflow of
Paddy Water. Bull.Emiron.Contam.Toxicol. 58: 909-914.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17983
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MP).
70. Carter, F. L. and Graves, J. B. (1972). Measuring Effects of Insecticides on Aquatic Animals. La.Agric. 16: 14-
15.
EcoReferenceNo.: 942
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,AZ,DCTP,CBL,CBF,DDT,TXP,MRX,MLN,MOM,ADC; Habitat:
A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
71. Castillo, L. E., Martinez, E., Ruepert, C., Savage, C., Gilek, M., Pinnock, M., and Solis, E. (2006). Water
Quality and Macroinvertebrate Community Response Following Pesticide Applications in a Banana
Plantation, Limon, Costa Rica. Sci.Total Environ. 367: 418-432.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93203
Chemical of Concern: MZB,CTN,BTN,BMY,CPY,CBF,TBO,CDF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CBF),NO
MIXTURE(MZB,CTN,CPY),NO COC(TBF).
72. Cebrian, C., Andreu-Moliner, E. S., Fernandez-Casalderrey, A., and Ferrando, M. D. (1992). Acute Toxicity
and Oxygen Consumption in the Gills of Procambarus clarkii in Relation to Chlorpyrifos Exposure.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 49: 145-149.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5784
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
73. Chambers, J. E., Ma, T., Boone, J. S., and Chambers, H. W. (1994). Role of Detoxication Pathways in Acute
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Toxicity Levels of Phosphorothionate Insecticides in the Rat. Life Sci. 54: 1357-1364.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91594
Chemical of Concern: PRN,MP,CPY,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,CPYM).
74. Chanda, S. M, Lassiter, T. L., Moser, V. C., Barone, S. Jr., and Padilla, S. (2002). Tissue Carboxylesterases
and Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in the Developing Rat. Human Ecol.Risk Assess. 8: 75-90.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92592
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
75. Chandre, F., Darriet, F., Doannio, J. M. C., Riviere, F., Pasteur, N., and Guillet, P. (1997). Distribution of
Organophosphate and Carbamate Resistance in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in
West Africa. J.Med.Entomol. 34: 664-671.
EcoReference No.: 73612
Chemical of Concern: TMP,PPX,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,PPX).
76. Chapin, J. W. and Thomas, J. S. (1993). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Pod Damage, Disease Incidence, and Yield
in Two Peanut Fungicide Programs. Peanut Sci. 20: 102-106.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90239
Chemical of Concern: CTN,CPY,TEZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CTN,CPY,TEZ).
77. Chapin, J. W. and Thomas, J. S. (1995). Soil Insecticide and Fungicide Treatment Effects on Peanut Pod
Damage, Disease Incidence, and Yield, 1994. ArthropodManag.Tests 20: 221 (94F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 89794
Chemical of Concern: CTN,PCZ,CPY,TEZ,FTL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
78. Cheikh, H. B., Ali-Haouas, Z. B., Marquine, M., and Pasteur, N. (1998). Resistance to Organophosphorus and
Pyrethroid Insecticides in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tunisia. J.Med.Entomol. 35: 251-
260.
EcoReferenceNo.: 72631
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDT,PMR,PPB,PPX,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL,MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,PMR),NO MIXTURE(PPB,TBF).
79. Cheng, T., Bodden, R. M., Puhl, R. J., and Bauriedel, W. R. (1989). Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism
of [14C]Chlorpyrifos Applied Dermally to Goats. J.Agric.Food Chem. 37: 1108-1111.
EcoReference No.: 67930
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
80. Chesebro, J. W. and Porteous, D. J. (1972). Evaluation of Dursban 2e Emulsifiable Insecticide for Phytotoxicity
to Bentgrass Turf. Down Earth 28: 1-2.
EcoReference No.: 41198
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
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81. Chitra, S. and Filial, M. K. K. (1984). Development of Organophosphorus and Carbamate-Resistance in Indian
Strains of Anopheles Stephens! Listen. Proc.Indian Acad.Sci.Anim.Sci. 93: 159-170.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12464
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CBL,MLN,CBF,FNT,TMP,FNTH,CPY,DDVP,PPX; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,MLN)LITE EVAL
CODED(CBL,CBF),OK(ALL CHEMS).
82. Cilek, J. E. and Knapp, F. W. (1993). Influence of Insecticide Mixtures Impregnated in Cattle Ear Tags for
Management of Pyrethroid-Resistant Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 86: 444-449.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92604
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CYH,PPB,TBF,CYP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO MLXTURE(PPB,TBF,CYP,CPY),NO CONTROL(PMR,CYH).
83. Claborn, H. V., Hoffman, R. A., Mann, H. D., and Oehler, D. D. (1968). Residues of Dursban and Its Oxygen
Analog in the Body Tissues of Treated Cattle. J.Econ.Entomol. 61: 983-986.
EcoReference No.: 36175
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
84. Claborn, H. V., Kunz, S. E., and Mann, H. D. (1970). Residues of Dursban in the Body Tissues of Turkeys
Confined in Pens Containing Treated Soil. J.Econ.Entomol. 63: 422-424.
EcoReferenceNo.: 36177
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
85. Clarke, S. R., DeBarr, G. L., and Liu, T. X. (1992). Contact Toxicities of Five Pyrethroid and Four
Organophosphorous Insecticides to Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell) Crawlers. Can.Entomol. 124:
563-564.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88950
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,BFT,ACP,AZ,EFV,FVL,FNV,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TARGET-ALL CHEMS).
86. Clements, R. 0. and Bale, J. S. (1988). The Short-Term Effects on Birds and Mammals of the Use of
Chlorpyrifos to Control Leatherjackets in Grassland. Ann.Appl.Biol. 112: 41-47.
EcoReferenceNo.: 36198
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
87. Clements, R. 0., Bale, J. S., and Jackson, C. A. (1988). An Appraisal of Methods Used to Assess the Effect on
Birds and Mammals of Chlorpyrifos Applied to Grassland. In: M.P. Greaves, B.D.Smith, and
P.W.Greig-Smith (Eds.), Field Methods for the Study of Environmental Effects of Pesticides,
Proc.Symp., British Crop Protection Council, Churchill College, March 28-30, 1988, Cambridge, UK
57-64.
EcoReference No.: 48293
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
88. Clements, R. 0. and Bentley, B. R. (1983). The Effect of Three Pesticide Treatments on the Establishment of
White Clover (Trifolium repens) Sown with a Slot-Seeder. Crop.Prot. 2: 375-378.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 32269
Chemical of Concern: CBD,MLX,CPY,ADC,MCB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP; Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(CPY,ADC).
89. Cocke, J. Jr., Knutson, R., Lunt, D. K., and Mitchell, F. L. (1990). Changes in Horn Fly Response to Diazinon
and Fenvalerate Following Season Long Exposure to Various Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Ear
Tags on Range Cattle in Texas. Southwest Entomol. 15: 265-271.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92536
Chemical of Concern: FNV,DZ,CYP,LCYT,PIRM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(FNV,CPY),OK TARGET(CYP,DZ).
90. Costa, L. G. and Murphy, S. D. (1983). Unidirectional Cross-Tolerance Between the Carbamate Insecticide
Propoxur and the Organophosphate Disulfoton in Mice. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 3: 483-488.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90683
Chemical of Concern: DS,PPX,MLN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR,BEH,PHY;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(MLN,CPY),OK(DS).
91. Cowgill, U. M., Gowland, R. T., Ramirez, C. A., and Fernandez, V. (1991). The History of a Chlorpyrifos Spill:
Cartagena, Colombia. Environ.Int. 17:61-71.
EcoReferenceNo.: 61048
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
92. Creffield, J. W. and Chew, N. (1995). Efficacy of Chlorothalonil and Chlorothalonil plus Chlorpyrifos Against
Termite Attack. For.Prod.J. 45: 46-50.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89751
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CTN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(TARGET-CPY).
93. Crum, S. J. H. and Brock, T. C. M. (1994). Fate of Chlorpyrifos in Indoor Microcosms and Outdoor
Experimental Ditches. In: I.R.Hill, F.Heimbach, P.Leeuwangh, and P.Mattieson (Eds.), Freshwater
Field Tests for Hazard Assessment of Chemicals, Lewis Publ., BocaRaton, FL 315-322.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15363
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
94. Crum, S. J. H., Van Kammen-Polman, A. M. M., and Leistra, M. (1999). Sorption of Nine Pesticides to Three
Aquatic Macrophytes. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 37: 310-316.
EcoReference No.: 20580
Chemical of Concern: CPY,LNR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
95. Csinos, A. S. (1985). Nontarget Activity of Chlorpyrifos and Hydrolysis Products on Sclerotium rolfsii. Plant
Dis. 89: 254-256.
EcoReference No.: 69368
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
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96. Culley, D. D. Jr. and Ferguson, D. E. (1969). Patterns of Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquitofish, Gambusia
affinis. J.Fish.Res.Board Can. 26: 2395-2401.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3664
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CMPH,CPY,MLN,MP,MXC,EN,DLD,HCCH,CHD,PRN,DDT,DZ;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
97. Cuppen, J. G. M., Glystra, R., Van Beusekom, S., Budde, B. J., and Brock, T. C. M. (1995). Effects of Nutrient
Loading and Insecticide Application on the Ecology of Elodea-Dominated Freshwater Microcosms III.
Responses of Macroinvertebrate. Arch.Hydrobiol. 134: 157-177.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18910
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
98. Curtis, C. F. and Pasteur, N. (1981). Organophosphate Resistance in Vector Populations of the Complex of
CulexpipiensL. (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull.Entomol.Res. 71: 153-161.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17447
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN).
99. Daglish, G. J., Eelkema, M., and Harrison, L. M. (1996). Control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) in Paddy Rice Using Chlorpyrifos-Methyl or Fenitrothion in Combination with Several
Other Protectants. J.StoredProd.Res. 32: 247-253.
EcoReference No.: 69970
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY-Methyl; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE,TARGET(RSM,CPYM).
100. Dalvi, R. R. and Davis, S. W. (1998). Role of beta-Naphthoflavone in the Acute Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos in Channel Catfish. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 60: 335-339.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18856
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
101. Davey, R. B., Meisch, M. V., and Carter, F. L. (1976). Toxicity of Five Ricefield Pesticides to the
Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and Green Sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, Under Laboratory and Field.
Environ.Entomol. 5: 1053-1056.
EcoReferenceNo.: 855
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,MLT,PPN,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(CPY),LITE EVAL CODED(MLT,CBF).
102. Davis, P. M. and Coleman, S. (1997). Managing Corn Rootworms: (Coleoptera chrysomelidae) on
Dairy Farms: The Need for a Soil Insecticide. J.Econ.Entomol. 90: 205-217.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73930
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TFT,TBO,ACR,ATZ,PDM,MTL,DMB,CZE; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,GRO; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(MTL,CPY,TARGET-DMB,ATZ).
DeLorenzo, M. E., Scott, G. I., and Ross, P. E. (1999). Effects of the Agricultural Pesticides Atrazine,
Deethylatrazine, Endosulfan, and Chlorpyrifos on an Estuarine Microbial Food Web.
Emiron.Toxicol.Chem. 18: 2824-2835.
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EcoReference No.: 48627
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,ES,DEATZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,PHY; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CPY),LITE EVAL CODED(ATZ,DEATZ),OK(ES).
104. Deneer, J. W. (1994). Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos by the Three-Spined Stickleback Under
Laboratory and Field Conditions. Chemosphere 29: 1561-1575.
EcoReference No.: 4983
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
105. Deneer, J. W. (1993). Uptake and Elimination of Chlorpyrifos in the Guppy at Sublethal and Lethal
Aqueous Concentrations. Chemosphere 26: 1607-1616.
EcoReference No.: 8313
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
106. Deneer, J. W., Budde, B. J., and Weijers, A. (1999). Variations in the Lethal Body Burdens of
Organophosphorus Compounds in the Guppy. Chemosphere 38: 1671-1683.
EcoReference No.: 20106
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CP Y,DZ,MDT,MP,PRN,FNF,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
107. Desmarchelier, J., Bengston, M, Davies, R., Elder, B., Hart, R., Henning, R., Murray, W., Ridley, E.,
Ripp, E., Sierakowski, C., Sticka, R., Snelson, J., Wallbank, B., and Wilson, A. (1987). Assessment of
the Grain Protectants Chlorpyrifos-Methyl plus Bioresmethrin, Fenitrothion plus (IR)-Phenothrin,
Methacrifos and Pirimiphos-Methyl plus Carbaryl Under Practical Conditions in Australia. Pestic.Sci.
20: 271-288.
EcoReference No.: 70095
Chemical of Concern: CBL,PIRM,CPYM,FNT,BRSM,SMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,REP,ACC; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(CBL,PIRM,CPYM,FNT,BRSM,SMT).
108. Dhembare, A. J. (1998). Evaluation of Safflower Entries and Insecticides Against Safflower Aphid.
J.Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 23: 190-192.
EcoReference No.: 91610
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,DCM,DMT,ES,FNV,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,REP;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
109. Dickson, D. W. and Hewlett, T. E. (1988). Efficacy of Fumigant and Nonfumigant Nematicides for
Control of Meloidogyne arenaria on Peanut. Ann.Appl.Nematol. 2: 95-101.
EcoReference No.: 87162
Chemical of Concern: PAQT,MB,CPY,ADC,EP,FMP,CTN,CLP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,PAQT,TARGET-CTN),LITE EVAL
CODED(ADC),OK(MB,EP,FMP,CLP).
110. Dong, K. and Scott, J. G. (1992). Synergism of Chlorpyrifos Against the German Cockroach, Blattella
germanica. Med.Vet.Entomol. 6: 241-243.
EcoReference No.: 92646
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF,PPB,LIM,LIN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(TARGET-CPY),NO MIXTURE(PPB,TBF).
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111. Dow Chemical Co. (2000). The Clinical Toxicity of Dursban in the Dog After Multiple Applications
of a Formulation (Final Report) with Cover Sheet (Sanitized). EPA/OTSDoc.#86-890001110s 19 p.
(NTIS/OTS 0520250).
EcoReferenceNo.: 93328
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.CEL.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
112. Dutt, N. and Guha, R. S. (1988). Toxicity of Few Organophosphorus Insecticides to Fingerlings of
Bound Water Fishes, Cyprinus carpio (Linn.) and Tilapia mossambica Peters. Indian J.Entomol. 50:
403-421.
EcoReference No.: 45084
Chemical of Concern: PHSL,DMT,MLN,MP,FNT,FNTH,DZ,EPRN,CPY,DDVP,PPHD; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,MLN,MP),OK(ALL CHEMS).
113. Easterbrook, M. A. (1997). A Field Assessment of the Effects of Insecticides on the Beneficial Fauna
of Strawberry. Crop Prot. 16: 147-152.
EcoReference No.: 67254
Chemical of Concern: DEM,CPY,PIRM,MLN,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(DEM,CPY,PIRM,MLN,CYP).
114. Easterbrook, M. A., Solomon, M. G., Cranham, J. E., and Souter, E. F. (1985). Trials of an Integrated
Pest Management Programme Based on Selective Pesticides in English Apple Orchards. Crop Prot. 4:
215-230.
EcoReferenceNo.: 76518
Chemical of Concern: DFZ,PIM,Captan,ES,CBL,AZ,CHX,CPY,PHSL,DOD; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS,TARGET-CBL).
115. El-Guindy, M. A., El-Refai, A.-R. A., and Saleh, W. S. (1982). The Role of Esterases in the Defence
Mechanism Against Intoxication by Fenitrothion in Susceptible and Field Tolerant Strains of
Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Int.Pest Control 24: 100-108.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92701
Chemical of Concern: MTM,SPS,PFF,PMR,FNV,CYP,CPY,FNT,MOM,TBF,FNT,DCM,EN;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(TBF),NO
MIXTURE(PPB),NO
CONTROL,TARGET(MTM,sps,pff,PMR,FNV,CYP,CPY,FNT,MOM,EN,DCM),OK(FNT).
116. El-Guindy, M. A., Rahman, A., El-Refai, M., and Abdel-Sattar, M. M. (1983). The Pattern of Cross-
Resistance to Insecticides and Juvenile Hormone Analogues in a Diflubenzuron-Resistant Strain of the
Cotton Leaf Worm Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Pestic.Sci. 14: 235-245.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93120
Chemical of Concern:
TDC,FNT,SPS,MP,PMR,FPP,FVL,DM,CYF,MTPN,DFZ,EN,CYP,DFZ,TBF,FNV,CPY,MOM,PFF;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(TBF),NO CONTROL(TARGET-
TDC,MP,PMR,FVL,CYF,MTPN,CYP,FNV,CPY,MOM).
117. El-Khatib, Z. I. and Georghiou, G. P. (1985). Geographic Variation of Resistance to
Organophosphates, Propoxur and DDT in the Southern House Mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatis, in
California. J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 1:279-283.
EcoReference No.: 11201
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MLN,CPY,MP).
118. El-Okda, M. M. K., Elewa, M. A. S., Youssef, K. E. H., and Ali, N. M. (1982). The Toxicity of Certain
Insecticides Against the Full Grown Larvae and Pupae of Cotton Leafworm and Its Phytotoxic Effect
on Cotton, Cowpea and Maize Germination. Agric.Res.Rev. 58: 87-95.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93343
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CPY,EN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(FNV,CPY).
119. Ellis, S. A., Clements, R. 0., and Bale, J. S. (1985). The Interaction of seed rate and Pesticide Use on
the Herbage Yield of Newly-sown Grass. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 6: 130-131.
EcoReferenceNo.: 31245
Chemical of Concern: ADC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
120. Elsebae, A. A. (1994). Comparative Susceptibility of the Alareesh Marine Culture Center Shrimp
Penaeus japonicus and the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina to Different Insecticides and Heavy Metals.
Alexandria Sci.Exch.J. 15: 425-435.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93420
Chemical of Concern: PbN,CdCl,AlCl,FNT,MLN,ES,MOM,CYP,CPY,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(MLN,MOM,CYP,CPY).
121. EPA/OTS (2000). Summary of a Study on the Environmental Fate and Effects of the Pesticide
Chlorpyrifos. EPA/OTSDoc.#40-844215972p. (NTIS/OTS 0519192).
EcoReferenceNo.: 93500
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
122. Estevez de Jensen, C., Percich, J. A., and Graham, P. H. (2002). Integrated Management Strategies of
Bean Root Rot with Bacillus subtilis and Rhizobium in Minnesota. Field Crops Res. 74: 107-115.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92817
Chemical of Concern: Captan,CPY,MLX,STRP,THM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: NO TOX DATA(CPY),OK(Captan),NO MIXTURE(THM).
123. Farnet, A. M., Criquet, S., Cigna, M., Gil, G., and Ferre, E. (2004). Purification of a Laccase from
Marasmius quercophilus Induced with Ferulic Acid: Reactivity Towards Natural and Xenobiotic
Aromatic Compounds. Enzyme Microb.Technol. 34: 549-554.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92879
Chemical of Concern: NaN3; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO COC(CPY).
124. Ferguson, D. E., Gardner, D. T., and Lindley, A. L. (1966). Toxicity of Dursban to Three Species of
Fish. Mosq.News 26: 80-82.
EcoReference No.: 3513
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
125. Fish and Wildlife Service (1968). Field Appraisal of Tests to Control Salt Marsh Mosquitoes with
Dursban Applied as a Larvicide and Adulticide in Florida. U.S.Fish.Wildl.Serv.Spec.Rep., U.S.D.I.,
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Bur.SportFish.Wildl., Atlanta, GA 17 p.
EcoReference No.: 13411
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
126. Fitzpatrick, G. and Sutherland, D. J. (1978). Effects of the Organophosphorous Insecticides Temephos
(Abate) and Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) on Populations of the Salt-Marsh Snail Melampus bidentatus.
Mar.Biol. 46: 23-28.
EcoReference No.: 5142
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
127. Forgash, A. J. (1976). A Summary of Studies of the Impact of Temephos and Chlorpyrifos on the
Saltmarsh Environment. In: Proc.63rd Annu.Meeting of the New Jersey Mosq.Extermin.Assoc.: 94-98.
EcoReference No.: 61815
Chemical of Concern: DDT,TMP,CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: BCM.POP.MOR; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
128. Francis, B. M, Metcalf, R. L., and Hansen, L. G. (1985). Toxicity of Organophosphorus Esters to
Laying Hens After Oral and Dermal Administration. J.Environ.Sci.Health 20B: 73-95.
EcoReference No.: 36676
Chemical of Concern: EP,TCF,TBO,FNTH,CPY,DEF,DDVP,DMT,IFP,TVP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: GRO,PHY,BEH,MOR,REP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
129. Frank, A. M. and Sjogren, R. D. (1978). Effect of Temephos and Chlorpyrifos on Crustacea.
Mosq.NewsW: 138-139.
EcoReference No.: 5130
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
130. Fu, A. L., Wang, Y. X., and Sun, M. J. (2005). Naked DNA Prevents Soman Intoxication.
Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 328: 901-905.
EcoReference No.: 92878; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: NO COC(CPY).
131. Fytizas, R. and Vassiliou, G. (1980). The Influence of the Herbicide Trifluralin on Flagellar
Regeneration in Chlamydomonas. Meded.Fac.Landbouwkd.Toegep.Biol. Wet. Univ.Gent 45: 923-927
(FRE).
EcoReference No.: 6472
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,TFN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
132. Gemel, J., Waters-Earhart, B., Sanders, P. S., Lower, W. R., and Ellersieck, M. R. (1997). Effect of
Pentachlorophenate, Chlorpyrifos and Lead Chloride on Chlorophyll Fluorescence.
J.Environ.Sci.HealthPartA 32: 543-565.
EcoReference No.: 64838
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Pb,PCP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,PCP).
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133. Gentile, J. M, Gentile, G. J., Bultman, J., Sechriest, R., Wagner, E. D., and Plewa, M. J. (1982). An
Evaluation of the Genotoxic Properties of Insecticides Following Plant and Animal Activation.
Mutat.Res. 101: 19-29.
EcoReference No.: 79052
Chemical of Concern: PRT,CBF,EP,CPY,CHD,MT AS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL,PHY;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(PRT,CBF,CPY),OK(CHD,EP),OK TARGET(MTAS).
134. Gentile, J. M. and Plewa, M. J. (1983). The Maize-Microbe Bioassay: A Unique Approach to
Environmental Mutagenesis. NATO Conf.Ser 5a: 151-165.
EcoReference No.: 93306
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBF,PRT,HPT,PCH,CHD,TBO,FNF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,CBF,PRT).
135. Georghiou, G. P., Gillies, P. A., and Womeldorf, D. J. (1969). Culex tarsalis Coquillett: Detection of
Resistance to Parathion, Methyl Parathion, Fenthion, Dursban, and Abate in a Malathion-Resistant
Population. Calif. Vector Views 16:115-118.
EcoReference No.: 62411
Chemical of Concern: PRN,MP,CPY,MLN; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MP,CPY,MLN).
136. Giraddi, R. S., Dasareddy, S. V., and Lingappa, S. L. (2002). Bioefficacy of New Molecules of
Insecticides Against Gram Pod-Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Indian
JAgric.Sci. 72:311-312.
EcoReference No.: 82560
Chemical of Concern: MFZ,MOM,LUF,TDC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.REP; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MFZ,MOM,LUF,TDC),NO MIXTURE(CPY).
137. Glez, C. 0., Hernandez, A. G., Rodriguez, M. P. 0., Suarez, R. M., and Vila, M. G. (1998).
Degradation Studies of Commonly Used Pesticides in Banana Plantations in the Canary Islands. Ada
Hortic. 490: 395-405.
User 1 Abbreviation: www.sciencedirect.com
EcoReference No.: 93342
Chemical of Concern: TCF,CPY,MP,DZ,DMT,PIRM,FNT,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MP,DZ,DMT,MLN).
138. Gomez, L., Masot, J., Soler, F., Martinez, S., Duran, E., and Roncero, V. (1998). Histopathological
Lesions in Tench, Tinea tinea (L.), Kidney Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos. Pol.Arch.Hydrobiol.
45: 371-382.
EcoReference No.: 72905
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL,GRO,BEH,MOR; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
139. Gordon, C. J. and Grantham, T. A. (1999). Effect of Central and Peripheral Cholinergic Antagonists on
Chlorpyrifos-Induced Changes in Body Temperature in the Rat. Toxicology 142: 15-28.
EcoReference No.: 49651
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
140. Gordon, C. J. and Padnos, B. K. (2000). Prolonged Elevation in Blood Pressure in the Unrestrained Rat
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Exposed to Chlorpyrifos. Toxicology 146: 1-13.
EcoReference No.: 49652
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
141. Gore, A. C. (2001). Environmental Toxicant Effects on Neuroendocrine Function. Endocrine 14:
235-246.
EcoReference No.: 69251
Chemical of Concern: PCB,CPY,MXC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.REP: Rejection Code: NO
REVIEW.
142. Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., Morse, J. G., and Gjerde, A. (1998). Effect of Insecticide Treatments to
Reduce Infestation by Citrus Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Growth of Nonbearing Citrus.
J.Econ.Entomol. 91: 235-242.
EcoReference No.: 82778
Chemical of Concern: MLSS,MOM,Naled,MLN,FVL,DMT,SBDA,CBL,FO,CPY,ACP,FTT; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: GRO,REP,POP; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CBL).
143. Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., Ouyang, Y., and Salse, J. (1998). Insecticide Resistance and Esterase Enzyme
Variation in the California Red Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae). J.Econ.Entomol. 91: 812-819.
EcoReference No.: 92895
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TARGET-CBL,CPY),NOMIXTURE(TBF).
144. Grant, B. F. and Mehrle, P. M. (1970). Pesticide Effects on Fish Endocrine Function. In:
Resour.Publ.No.88, Prog.SportFish.Res.1969, Div.Fish.Res., Bur.SportFish.Wildl, U.S.D.I.,
Washington, D.C.: 13-15.
EcoReference No.: 17208
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,24DXY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP.BCM: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(MLN,24DXY),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
145. Guilhermino, L., Diamantino, T., Silva, M. C., and Scares, A. M. V. M. (2000). Acute Toxicity Test
with Daphnia magna: An Alternative to Mammals in the Prescreening of Chemical Toxicity?
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 46: 357-362.
EcoReference No.: 49794
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CuS,NaCr,PRN,Hg,Cr,Zn,Cd,NaBr; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
146. Haga, T., Tsujii, Y., Hayashi, K., Kimura, F., Sakashita, N, and Fujikawa, K. I. (1990).
Trifluoromethylpyridines as Building Blocks for a New Agrochemicals. Discovery of a New Turf
Herbicide. In: D.R.Baker, J.G.Fenyes and W.K.Moberg (Eds.), ACS (Am.Chem.Soc.)
Symp.Ser.No.443, Chapter 9, Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals II, Meet. Am.Chem.Soc.,
Washington, D.C. 107-120.
EcoReference No.: 74373
Chemical of Concern: DFZ,FNV,PMR,DCM,CPYM,MOM,ACP,DDVP,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(MOM,TARGET-DZ,ACP,CPYM,FNV).
147. Hamed, M. S., Ramzi, A., and El Said, S. (1983). Susceptibility Status of Mosquitoes in Egypt to
Commonly Used Insectides. J.Egypt.Public Health Assoc. 58: 160-167.
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EcoReference No.: 17815
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,DLD,FNTH,TMP,DDT; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TARGET-MLN),NO CONTROL,NO DURATION(CPY).
148. Hamlen, R. A. and Henley, R. W. (1976). Phytotoxicity to Tropical Foliage Plants of Repeated
Insecticide and Miticide Applications Under Fiberglass-Covered Greenhouse Conditions.
Proc.Fla.State Hortic.Soc. 89: 336-338.
EcoRef erence No.: 25150
Chemical of Concern: RSM,OML,ACP,CPY,DMT,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS)JARGET(CBL).
149. Han II, R., Shim, J. C., Hong, H. K., Lee, J. S., Cho, H. W., and Kim, C. L. (1981). Studies on Control
Effects of Pesticide Applications Against the Vector Mosquito Larvae in Rice Fields in Korea. Korean
J.Entomol. 11: 39-45.
EcoRef erence No.: 10440
Chemical of Concern: MLN,DZ,ABT,FNT,CPY,CBL,TMP,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL CODED(DZ),OK(ABT,FNT),NO
ENDPOINT(CBL,MLN,CPY,CPYM).
150. Hansen, D. J. (1969). Avoidance of Pesticides by Untrained Sheepshead Minnows.
Trans.Am.Fish.Soc. 98: 426-429.
EcoRef erence No.: 5145
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CBL,CPY,MLN,DDT,EN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(CBL),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MLN).
151. Hansen, D. J., Matthews, E., Nail, S. L., and Dumas, D. P. (1972). Avoidance of Pesticides by
Untrained Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 8: 46-51.
EcoRef erence No.: 5147
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CBL,EN,MLN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(MLN),OK(DDT,CBL,EN),NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
152. Hansen, D. J., Schimmel, S. C., and Keltner, J. M. Jr. (1973). Avoidance of Pesticides by Grass Shrimp
(Palaemonetespugio). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 9: 129-133.
EcoRef erence No.: 5146
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CBL,CPY,MLN,DDT,EN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MLN).
153. Harris, C. R. and Gore, F. (1971). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. VIII. Toxicity of Three
Insecticides to the Various Stages in the Development of the Darksided Cutworm. J.Econ.Entomol.
64: 1049-1050.
EcoRef erence No.: 37009
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TARGET-CPY).
154. Harris, C. R. and Svec, H. J. (1968). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. IV. Laboratory
Investigations on the Toxicity of Insecticides to the Variegated Cutworm with Special Reference to
Method of Application on Insecticidal Activity. J.Econ.Entomol. 61: 970-973.
EcoReference No.: 44296
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Chemical of Concern: DDT,MOM,AND,PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
155. Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., Sans, W. W., Hikichi, A., Phatak, S. C., Frank, R., and Braun, H. E. (1975).
Efficacy, Phytotoxicity, and Persistance of Insecticides Used As Pre- and Postplanting Treatments for
Control of Cutworms Attacking Vegetables in Ontario. P.Ent.S.Ont. 105: 65-75.
EcoReferenceNo.:41180
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
156. Hazeleur, W. C. (1971). Use of Dursban for Mosquito Control in Log Ponds in the Shasta Mosquito
Abatement District. Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosquito Control Assoc. 39: 47.
EcoReference No.: 62390
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,CONTROL(CPY).
157. Hegazi, M. A. M., El-Shourbagy, I. K., and Abdel-Ghaffar, K. M. (1989). Chronic Dursban Effects on
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Juvenile Catfish Clarias lazera. Delta J.Sci. 13: 510-523.
EcoReference No.: 72843
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
158. Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Control of Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course, 1986.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 13: 363 (No. 68G).
EcoReference No.: 88823
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CBL,IZF,CYF,ACP,TCF,CPY,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CPY).
159. Helyer, N. L. (1990). Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Pesticides to Protected Edible Crops. Tests
Agrochem.Cultiv. 11: 82-83.
EcoReference No.: 93376
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP,PBT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
160. Hemmer, M. J., Middaugh, D. P., and Comparetta, V. (1992). Comparative Acute Sensitivity of Larval
Topsmelt, Atherinops affinis, and Inland Silverside, Menidia beryllina, to 11 Chemicals.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 11: 401-408 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReference No.: 13112
Chemical of Concern: NaLS,4NP,FNV,ES,MXC,AZ,CPY,TBO,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(FNV,CPY).
161. Herin, R. A., Suggs, E., Lores, E. M., Heiderscheit, L. T., Farmer, J. D., and Prather, D. (1978).
Correlation of Salt Gland Function with Levels of Chlorpyrifos in the Feed of Mallard Ducklings.
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 9: 157-164.
EcoReference No.: 35235
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
162. Herzberg, A. M. (1987). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) in Oreochromis aureus and 0. niloticus
and Data on its Residues in 0. aureus. Bamidgeh 39(1): 13-20.
-------
EcoReference No.: 2074
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
163. Ho, 0. K., Ming, C. L., and Lok, C. K. (1981). Current Insecticidal Susceptibility Status of Mosquitoes
in Singapore. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health 12: 222-227.
EcoReference No.: 72098
Chemical of Concern: DDT,DLD,HCCH,CPY,RSM,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(DDT,DLD,HCCH,CPY,RSM,MLN).
164. Hogmire, H. W. and Winfield, T. (1997). IGR Evaluation Experiment 1, 1996. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 22: 6-7 (7A).
EcoReference No.: 90427
Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZ,IMC,TUZ,MZB,Ziram; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CPY).
165. Holbrook, F. R. and Agun, S. K. (1984). Field Trials of Pesticides to Control Larval Culicoides
variipennis (Ceratopogonidae). Mosq.News 44: 233-235 .
EcoReference No.: 14748
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNTH,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
166. Holcombe, G. W., Phipps, G. L., and Tanner, D. K. (1982). The Acute Toxicity of Kelthane, Dursban,
Disulfoton, Pydrin, and Permethrin to Fathead Minnows Pimephales promelas and Rainbow Trout
Salmo gairdneri. Environ.Pollut.Ser.A 29: 167-178.
EcoReference No.: 10536
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DS,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
167. Holladay, S. D., Smith, S. A., El Habback, H., and Caceci, T. (1996). Influence of Chlorpyrifos, an
Organophosphate Insecticide, on the Immune System of Nile Tilapia. J.Aquat.Anim.Health 8: 104-
110.
EcoReference No.: 18772
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.CEL.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
168. Howitt, A. and Biddinger, D. J. (1988). Apple, Insecticide Evaluation, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13:
14 (No. 13A).
EcoReference No.: 88830
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,PSM,DMT,FVL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS,TARGET-CBL,DMT,FVL,CPY).
169. Hoy, J. B., Kauffman, E. E., and O'Berg, A. G. (1972). A Large-Scale Field Test of Gambusia affinis
and Chlorpyrifos for Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 32: 161-171.
EcoReference No.: 13959
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
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170. Hudson, J. E. (1983). Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus to Insecticides in
Paramaribo, Suriname, 1979-1981, and Experimental Selection for Resistance. Cah.Orstom,
Ser.EntomolMed.Parasitol. 21: 275-279.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89136
Chemical of Concern: DDT,DLD,CPY,FNT,MLN,TMP,PPX; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
171. Hughes, D. N. (1977). The Effects of Three Organophosphorus Insecticides on Zooplankton and Other
Invertebrates in Natural and Artificial Ponds. M.S.Thesis, York University, Toronto, CanadA 100 p.
EcoReference No.: 7862
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
172. Hughes, D. N., Boyer, M. G., Papst, M. H., Fowle, C. D., Rees, G. A. V., and Baulu, P. (1980).
Persistence of Three Organophosphorus Insecticides in Artificial Ponds and Some Biological
Implications. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 9: 269-279.
EcoReference No.: 5135
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
173. Hughes, J. M., Griffiths, M. W., and Harrison, D. A. (1992). The Effects of an Organophosphate
Insecticide on Two Enzyme Loci in the Shrimp Caradina sp. Biochem.Syst.Ecol. 20: 89-97.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11165
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
174. Hunt, J. W., Anderson, B. S., Phillips, B. M., Nicely, P. N., Tjeerdema, R. S., Puckett, H. M.,
Stephenson, M., Worcester, K., and De Vlaming, V. (2003 ). Ambient Toxicity Due to Chlorpyrifos
and Diazinon in a Central California Coastal Watershed. EnvironMonit.Assess. 82: 83-112.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93422
Chemical of Concern: DDD,DDT,DDE,EN,DLD,Zn,Cu,Cr,MOM,Du,MP,CBF,DZ,CPY,CuCl;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK(CuCl),NO
MIXTURE(Cu,Cr,MOM,Du,MP,CBF,DZ,CPY).
175. Hunt, L. M., Gilbert, B. N., and Schlinke, J. C. (1969). Rapid Gas Chromatographic Method for
Analysis of 0,0-Diethyl 0-3,5-6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate (Dursban) in Turkey and
Chicken Tissues. J.Agric.Food C'hem. 17: 1166-1167.
EcoReferenceNo.: 37212
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
176. Hurlbert, S. H. (1969). The Impact of Dursban on Pond Ecosystems.
Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 8: 37 (ABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 14510
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO DURATION(CPY).
177. Hussein, S. M., Makadey, M. A., and Abd El-Alim, A. A. (1994). Susceptibility of Cotton Whitefly,
Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera) to Selected Insecticides, Their Mixtures and Their
-------
Synergism with DBF. Shashpa 1: 69-74.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92648
Chemical of Concern: TBF,CYP,FNV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TARGET-CYP,CPY,FNV),NOMLXTURE(TBF).
178. Ivey, M. C. and Palmer, J. S. (1981). Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol: Residues in the
Body Tissues of Sheep Treated with Chlorpyrifos for Sheep Ked Control. J.Econ.Entomol. 74: 136-
137.
EcoReferenceNo.: 37267
Chemical of Concern: CPYJCP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,TCP).
179. Ivey, M. C., Palmer, J. S., and Hooten, E. C. (1978). Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol:
Residues in the Body Tissues of Cattle Wearing Chlorpyrifos-Impregnated Plastic Ear Bands.
J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 697-700.
EcoReferenceNo.: 37268
Chemical of Concern: CPYJCP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,TCP).
180. Iwata, Y., O'Neal, J. R., Barkley, J. H., Dinoff, T. M., and Dusch, M. E. (1983). Chlorpyrifos Applied
to California Citrus: Residue Levels on Foliage and on and in Fruit. J.Agric.Food Chem. 31: 603-610.
EcoReference No.: 67233
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
181. Jamnback, H. and Frempong-Boadu, J. (1966). Testing Blackfly Larvicides in the Laboratory and in
Streams. Bull.W.H.O. 34: 405-421.
EcoReference No.: 2837
Chemical of Concern: Naled,CBL,CPY,DZ,MDT,DMT,ATM,ABT,PPX,PSM; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: BEH.POP: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
182. Jarvinen, A. W., Nordling, B. R., and Henry, M. E. (1983). Chronic Toxicity of Dursban
(Chlorpyrifos) to the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the Resultant Acetylcholinesterase
Inhibition. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 7: 423-434.
EcoReferenceNo.: 10473
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.REP.BCM.ACC: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
183. Jarvinen, A. W. and Tanner, D. K. (1982). Toxicity of Selected Controlled Release and Corresponding
Unformulated Technical Grade Pesticides to the Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas.
Environ.Pollut.Ser.A 27: 179-195.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15462
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MP),LITE EVAL CODED(DZ),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
184. Jarvinen, A. W., Tanner, D. K., and Kline, E. R. (1988). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, or
Fenvalerate to Fathead Minnows Following Episodic or Continuous Exposure.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 15: 78-95.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 12885
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
185. Jensen, D. A. and Brazner, J. C. (1988). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Macroinvertebrates in Littoral
Enclosures. Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci.No. 1607: 101-107.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13249
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
186. Jimenez, E. C. and Pocsidio, G. N. (1994). Blood Glucose Levels of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to
Chloropyriphos. Philipp.J.Sci. 123: 171-175.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93341
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
187. Jin, Q. (1997). Effect of Thiocarbamate Herbicides on Chick Embryos. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ. of Kansas,
KSl76p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89017
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MLO,PRN,CBL,MLT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
BCM,GRO,CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),OK(MLT),NO
ENDPOINT(MLO,CBL,CPY,PRN).
188. Jirasek, J., Adamek, Z., Nguyen, X. T., and Holcman, 0. (1980). Estimation of the Acute Toxicity of
the Insecticide Dursban for Fish. (Stanoveni Akutni Toxicity Insecticidu Dursban Pro Ryby.). Acta
Univ.Agric.Fac.Agron.(1978) /Pestab 26: 51-56(CZE)(ENG ABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5126
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
DURATION(CPY).
189. Johnson, C. R. (1977). The Effect of Exposure to the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on
the Feeding Rate in the Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq. Vector
Control Assoc. 45: 69-70.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14508
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
190. Johnson, C. R. (1978). The Effect of Five Organophosphorus Insecticides on Survival and
Temperature Tolerance in the Copepod, Macrocyclops albidus (Copepoda: Cyclopidae).
Zool.J.Linn.Soc. 64: 59-62.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5172
Chemical of Concern: ABT,MLN,FNTH,MP,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH; Rejection
Code: OK(FNTH),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,ABT,MLN,MP).
191. Johnson, C. R. (1977). The Effects of Field Applied Rates of Five Organophosphorus Insecticides on
Thermal Tolerance, Orientation, and Survival in Gambusia affinis affinis (Pisces: Poeciliidae).
Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. 45: 56-58.
EcoReference No.: 7504
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
-------
EVAL CODED(MLN),NO CONTROL(MP),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
192. Johnson, C. R. (1980). The Effects of Five Organophosphorus Insecticides on Thermal Stress in
Tadpoles of the Pacific Tree Frog, Hyla regilla. 2ool.J.Linn.Soc. 69: 143-147.
EcoReferenceNo.: 50673
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,MLN,FNTH,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,PHY,MOR;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MP,MLN).
193. Johnson, C. R. (1978). The Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Five Organophosphorus Insecticides
on Temperature Tolerance, Reflexes, and Orientation in Gambusia affinis affinis (Pisces: Poeciliidae).
2oolJ.Linn.Soc. 64: 63-70.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5149
Chemical of Concern: MP,ABT,MLN,FNTH,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH, AC C; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(MP,ABT,MLN,FNTH,CPY).
194. Johnson, C. R. and Prine, J. E. (1976). The Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Organophosphorus
Insecticides and an Insect Growth Regulator on Temperature Tolerance in Hydrated and Dehydrated
Juvenile Western Toads, Bufo boreas. Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 53: 147-149.
EcoReferenceNo.: 7814
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y,MTPN,MP,CPYM,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MP,MTPN).
195. Johnson, J. C. Jr., Bowman, M. C., and Leuck, D. B. (1969). Responses from Cows fed Silages
Containing Dursban Residues. J.Dairy Sci. 52: 1253-1258.
EcoReferenceNo.: 37335
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPYM).
196. Johnston, G., Walker, C. H., and Dawson, A. (1994). Interactive Effects Between EBI Fungicides
(Prochloraz, Propiconazole and Penconazole) and OP Insecticides (Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos,
Diazinon and Malathion) in the Hybrid Red-Legged Partridge. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 13: 615-620.
EcoReference No.: 67235
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,PCZ,DZ,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
NO MIXTURE(PCZ),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,DZ,PCZ,DMT,MLN).
197. Johnston, G., Walker, C. H., Dawson, A., and Furnell, A. (1990). Interactive Effects of Pesticides in
the Hybrid Red-Legged Partridge. Funct.Ecol. 4: 309-314.
EcoReference No.: 69372
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT,MLN,MLO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),OK(CBL),NO CONTROL(DMT,CPY,MLO).
198. Jokanovic, M. and Maksimovic, M. (1995). A Comparison of Trimedoxime, Obidoxime, Pralidoxime
and HI-6 in the Treatment of Oral Organophosphorus Insecticide Poisoning in the Rat. Arch. Toxicol.
70: 119-123.
EcoReference No.: 74883
Chemical of Concern:
DMT,DDW,FNT,PPHD,FNTH,TCF,PRIM,DZ,PRT,DEM,AZ,CPY,PSM,PHSL,MLN; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
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199. Jones, K. H., Sanderson, D. M, and Noakes, D. N. (1968). Acute Toxicity Data for Pesticides (1968).
World Rev.Pest Control!: 135-143.
EcoReference No.: 70074
Chemical of Concern:
24DXY,ABT,ACL,ADC,AMTL,AMTR,AND,ASM,ATN,ATZ,AZ,BFL,BMC,BMN,BS,BTY,Captan,
CBL,CCA,CHD,CMPH,CPP,CPY,CQTC,CTHM,Cu,CuFRA,DBN,DCB,DCNA,DDD,DDT,DDW,D
EM,DINO,DLD,DMB,DMT,DOD,DPPl,DQTBr,DS,DU,DZ,DZM,EDT,EN,EP,EPTC,ES,ETN,FLA
C,FMU,FNF,FNT,FNTH,Folpet,HCCH,HPT,LNR,Maneb,MCB,MCPA,MCPB,MCPPlMDT,MLH,M
LN,MLT,MRX,MTM,MW,MXC,Naled,NPM,PB,PCH,PCL,PCP,PEB,PHMD,PHSL,PMT,PPHD,PP
N,PPX,PPZ,PQT,PRN,PRO,PRT,PYN,PYZ,RTN,SFT,SID,SZ,TCF,TFN,THM,TRB,TRL,TXP,VNT,
Zineb; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO PUBL
AS(24DXY,ABT,ACL,AMTL,AMTR,ASM,ATN,AZ,BFL,BMC,BMN,BS,BTY,CCA,CMPH,CPP,C
PY,CQTC,CTHM,DBN,DCB,DCNA,DDT,DINO,DOD,DPPl,DQTBr,DU,DZM,EP,EPTC,ES,FMU,F
NF,FNT,Folpet,HCCH,HPT,LNR,MCB,MCPPl,MLT,MP,MRX,MTM,MXC,Naled,NPM,Pb,PCH,PC
L,PEB,PHSL,PPN,PPZ,PQT,PRO,PYN,PYZ,RTN,RYA,SFT,SID,TFN,THM,TRL,VNT),NO
CONTROL,DURATION(ALL CHEMS).
200. Jose, R., Galindo, G., Medina, J. A., and Villagrana, L. C. (1996). Physiological and Biochemical
Changes in Shrimp Larvae (Penaeus vannamei) intoxicated with Organochlorine Pesticides.
Mar.Pollut.Bull. 32: 872-875.
EcoReference No.: 19959
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
201. Joshi, P. K. and Kulkarni, J. H. (1987). Effect of Pesticides on Growth of Rhizobium spp. Pesticides
21: 10.
EcoReference No.: 93308
Chemical of Concern: THM,CBF,CPY,ADC,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CBF,CPY,THM,PRT,ADC).
202. Kale, S. P., Sherkhane, P. D., and Murthy, N. B. K. (2002). Uptake of (14)C-Chlorpyrifos by Clams.
Environ.Technol. 23: 1309-1311.
EcoReference No.: 82260
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
203. Karanth, S., Liu, J., Olivier, K. Jr., and Pope, C. (2004). Interactive Toxicity of the Organophosphorus
Insecticides Chlorpyrifos and Methyl Parathion in Adult Rats. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 196: 183-190.
EcoReference No.: 91450
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(CPY,MP).
204. Karen, D. J., Joab, B. M., Wallin, J. M., and Johnson, K. A. (1998). Partitioning of Chlorpyrifos
Between Water and an Aquatic Macrophyte (Elodea densa). Chemosphere 37: 1579-1586.
EcoReference No.: 2451
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
205. Kelada, N. L. and Shaker, N. (1988). Toxicity of Three Chemical Insecticides in Combination with
Bacillus spp. Against Mosquito Larvae. Insect Sci.Appl. 9:229-231.
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EcoReference No.: 769
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
206. Kenaga, E. E., Whitney, W. K., Hardy, J. L., and Doty, A. E. (1965). Laboratory Tests with Dursban
Insecticide. J.Econ.Entomol. 58: 1043-1050.
EcoReference No.: 13529
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
207. Kersting, K. (1991). Microecosystem State and Its Response to the Introduction of a Pesticide.
Verh.M.Ver.Limnol. 24: 2309-2312.
EcoReference No.: 63204
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: SYS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
208. Kersting, K. (1995). Problems Induced by the use of Acetone as a Solvent to Dose Chlorpyrifos in a
Microecosystem. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 14: 1061-1063.
EcoReference No.: 18050
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
209. Kersting, K. and Van den Brink, P. J. (1997). Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E (Active Ingredient
Chlorpyrifos) in Outdoor Experimental Ditches: Responses of Ecosystem Metabolism.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 251-259.
EcoReference No.: 17661
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
210. Khan, M. A. Q. (1977). Elimination of Pesticides by Aquatic Animals. In: M.A.Q.Khan (Ed.),
Pesticides in Aquatic Environments, Plenum Press, NY 107-125.
EcoReference No.: 4929
Chemical of Concern:
24DXY,DZ,CPY,AZ,PRN,MXC,EDT,HPT,DDT,DLD,HCCH,CHD,SZ,MLN,As; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
211. Khayrandish, A. and Wood, R. J. (1993). A Multiple Basis for Insecticide Resistance in a Strain of
Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Muheza, Tanzania, Studied as Resistance.
Bull.Entomol.Res. 83: 75-86.
EcoReference No.: 17296
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY),NO COC(TBF).
212. Kikuchi, M., Miyagaki, T., and Wakabayashi, M. (1996). Evaluation of Pesticides Used in Golf Links
by Acute Toxicity Test on Rainbow Trout. Bull. Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.(Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi) 62: 414-
419(JPN)(ENGABS).
EcoReference No.: 18916
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BFL,BS,CAPTAN,IFP,PDM,FTL,TCF,FNT,DZ,CTN,MCPP1; Habitat:
-------
A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,BS,Captan).
213. Kim, W.-S., Yoon, S. J., and Yang, D.-B. (2004). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Endogenous Rhythm
of the Manila Clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneridae). Mar.Pollut.Bull. 48: 182-187.
EcoReferenceNo.: 72617
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
214. Klaine, S. J., Richards, P., Baker, D., Naddy, R., Brown, T., Joab, B., Casey, R., Fernandez, D.,
Overmeyer, J., and Benjamin, R. (1997). Agrochemical Fate and Effects in Terrestrial, Aquatic and
Estuarine Ecosystems. In: Environ.Behav.Crop Prot.Chem., Proc.Int.Symp. Use
Nucl.Relat.Tech.Stud.Environ.Behav.Crop Prot.Chem., Meeting Date 1996, International Atomic
Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria 247-263.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93419
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ATZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code:
OK(ATZ),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
215. Korn, S. and Earnest, R. (1974). Acute Toxicity of Twenty Insecticides to Striped Bass, Morone
saxatilis. Calif .Fish Game 60: 128-131.
EcoReference No.: 602
Chemical of Concern:
CBL,CPY,HCCH,MLN,MP,Naled,ABT,FNTH,EN,ES,DDT,HPT,MXC,TXP,AND,CHD,PRN,DLD;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,MP,Naled),LITE EVAL
CODED(MLN),OK(ALL CHEMS).
216. Kring, J. B. (1969). Mortality of the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. Following Soil Applications of
Insecticides to a Tobacco Field. J.Econ.Entomol. 62: 963.
EcoReferenceNo.: 51209
Chemical of Concern: DS,CPY,CBF,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DS,CPY,CBF,DZ).
217. Krugh, B. W. and Miles, D. (1996). Monitoring the Effects of Five "Nonherbicidal" Pesticide
Chemicals on Terrestrial Plants Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 495-500.
EcoReferenceNo.: 63144
Chemical of Concern: DU,PRT,TBT,CPY,FNF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
218. Kuhr, R. J. and Tashiro, H. (1978). Distribution and Persistence of Chloropyrifos and Diazinon
Applied to Turf. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 20: 652-656 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 51238
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
219. Kunz, S. E. and Radeleff, R. D. (1972). Evaluation of the Hazard of Chlorpyrifos Soil Treatments on
Turkeys. J.Econ.Entomol. 65: 1208-1209.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71482
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
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220. Lai, S., Lai, R., and Saxena, D. M. (1987). Bioconcentration and Metabolism of DDT, Fenitrothion and
Chlorpyrifos by the Blue-Green Algae Anabaena sp. and Aulosira fertilissima. Environ.Pollut. 46:
187-196.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12630
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
221. Lai, S., Saxena, D. M., and Lai, R. (1987). Uptake, Metabolism and Effects of DDT, Fenitrothion and
Chlorpyrifos on Tetrahymena pyriformis. Pestic.Sci. 21: 181-191.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14095
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.POP.CEL: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
222. Lassiter, T. L., Padilla, S., Mortensen, S. R., Chanda, S. M., Moser, V. C., and Barone, S. Jr. (1998).
Gestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos: Apparent Protection of the Fetus? Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.
152: 56-65.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56800
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
223. Le, D. P., Thirugnanam, M., Lidert, Z., Carlson, G. R., and Ryan, J. B. (1996). RH-2485: A New
Selective Insecticide for Caterpillar Control. Br.Crop Prot.Conf. 2: 481-486.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82537
Chemical of Concern: MFZ,CBL,FNV,EFV,CPY,MP,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,POP,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MFZ),NO ENDPOINT(FNV),PUBL
AS(EFV,MP,CPY),MIXTURE(AZ,TARGET-CBL),TARGET,NOCROP(EFV).
224. LeBerre, R., Escaffre, H., Pendriez, B., Grebaut, S., and Pengalet, P. (1976). Control of Simulium
damnosum, Vector of Human Onchocerciasis in West Africa. II. Conventional Treatment Trials of
New Insecticides and New Formulations. W.H.O.Documentary Series, WHO/VBC/76.615 21 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 4195
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CPYM,FNT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPYM).
225. LeBerre, R., Philippon, B., Grebaut, S., Sechan, Y., Lenormand, J., Etienne, J., and Garreta, P. (1976).
Control of Simulium damnosum, the Vector of Human Onchocerciasis in West Africa. I.
Supplementary Trials of New Insecticides. W.H.O.Documentary Series, WHO/VBC/76.614 18 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3725
Chemical of Concern: CBL,MXC,ABT,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
226. Ledieu, M. S. (1978). Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Larvae of Mamestra brassicae
(Lepidoptera) (Noctuidae). Ann.Appl.Biol. 88: 251-255 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 14081
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPYM,ACP,MTM,CPY,MOM,FNT,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: OK TARGET(CBL),NO ENDPOINT(ES,CPYM,CPY,MOM,FNT,TARGET-
ACP,MTM,CPYM).
227. Lee, J. and Upton, C. (1992). Relative Efficiency of Insecticide Treatments in Reducing Yield Loss
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from Sitona in Faba Beans. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 13: 6-7.
EcoReference No.: 78962
Chemical of Concern: PRT,CPY,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP .POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
228. Lee, L. C. and Lee, C. Y. (2004). Insecticide Resistance Profiles and Possible Underlying Mechanisms
in German Cockroaches, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Peninsular
Malaysia. Med.Entomol.2ool 55: 77-93.
EcoReference No.: 93232
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DM,PMR,PPB,PPX,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(TBF,PPB),NO CONTROL(CPY,PMR).
229. Lembright, H. W. (1968). Dosage Studies with Low Volume Applications of Dursban Insecticide.
Down Earth 24: 16-19.
EcoReference No.: 9790
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
230. Levy, R. and Miller, T. W. Jr. (1978). Tolerance of the Planarian Dugesia dorotocephala to High
Concentrations of Pesticides and Growth Regulators. Entomophaga 23: 31-34.
EcoReference No.: 5152
Chemical of Concern: MTPN,TMP,FNTH,CPY,MLN,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(MTPN,TMP,FNTH,CPY,MLN,DFZ).
231. Linduska, J. J., Embrey, M., and Dively, G. (1991). Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Dusky
Sap Beetle, Fall Armyworm and European Corn Borers in Sweet Corn, 1990. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 16:
76 (35E).
EcoReference No.: 92310
Chemical of Concern: CPY,LCYT,MP,TDC,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NO MIXTURE(CPY),OK TARGET(MP,TDC,EFV,CPY).
232. Liu, J., Olivier, K., and Pope, C. N. (1999). Comparative Neurochemical Effects of Repeated Methyl
Parathion or Chlorpyrifos Exposures in Neonatal and Adult Rats. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 158: 186-
196.
EcoReference No.: 91396
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MP,CPY).
233. Lockridge, 0. (2002). Biochemical Markers for Exposure to Low Doses of Organophosphorus
Insecticides. Annu.Rep.l Aug.2001-31 Jul 2002, Nebraska Univ.Med.Ctr., Omaha, NE 119 p. (NTIS
00410015).
EcoReference No.: 92590
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,DDVP,MLO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,BEH,GRO,BCM;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPYO,MLO).
234. Lodovici, M., Casalini, C., Briani, C., and Dolara, P. (1997). Oxidative Liver DNA Damage in rats
Treated with Pesticide Mixtures. Toxicology 117: 55-60.
EcoReference No.: 90067
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Chemical of Concern: BMY,MDT,CPYM,MP,CPP,PRN,VCZ,TBA,FRM,DPA,CTN; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CTN),NO
MIXTURE(BMY,MDT,CPYM,MP,CPP,PRN,VCZ),OK(TBA,FRM,DPA).
235. Lofgren, C. S., Scanlon, J. E., and Israngura, V. (1967). Evaluation of Insecticides Against Aedes
aegypti (L.) and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bangkok, Thailand.
Mosq.News27: 16-21.
EcoReference No.: 4760
Chemical of Concern: ABT,PPX,CPY,FNTH,MLN,Naled,FNT,TVP; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,Naled),OK(PPX,FNTH,FNT),NO
CONTROL(ABT,CPY,TVP).
236. Lotti, M, Caroldi, S., Capodicasa, E., and Moretto, A. (1991). Promotion of Organophosphate-Induced
Delayed Polyneuropathy by Phenylmethanesulfonyl Fluoride. ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol. 108: 234-241.
EcoReference No.: 67237
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY).
237. Lucassen, W. G. H. and Leeuwangh, P. (1994). Response of Zooplankton to Dursban 4E Insecticide in
a Pond Experiment. In: R.L.Graney, J.H.Kennedy, and J.H.Rogers (Eds.), Aquatic Mesocosm Studies
in Ecological Risk Assessment, Chapter 27, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL 517-533.
EcoReference No.: 16248
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
238. Ludwig, P. D. and Mcneil Iv, J. C. (1966). Results of Laboratory and Field Tests with Dursban
Insecticide for Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 26: 344-351.
EcoReference No.: 13955
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
239. Luttrell, R., Bell, M., Reed, J., and Gary, D. (1986). Early Season Insecticide Study, 1985.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 287-288 (372).
EcoReference No.: 87882
Chemical of Concern: DCTP,CYP,CYH,DMT,ACP,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,REP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DMT),OK(CYP,ACP,CBL),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
240. Lytle, T. F. and Lytle, J. S. (2005). Growth Inhibition as Indicator of Stress Because of Atrazine
Following Multiple Toxicant Exposure of the Freshwater Macrophyte, Juncus effusus L.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24: 1198-1203.
EcoReference No.: 81731
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ATZ),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
241. Ma, W. C. and Bodt, J. (1993). Difference in Toxicity of the Insecticide Chlorpyriphos to Six Species
of Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in Standardized Soil Tests. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.
50: 864-870 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReference No.: 51735
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP.GRO; Rejection Code: NO
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CONTROL(CPY).
242. Macek, K. J., Walsh, D. F., Hogan, J. W., and Holz, D. D. (1972). Toxicity of the Insecticide Dursban
to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates in Ponds. Tram.Am.Fish.Soc. 101: 420-427.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5153
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.POP.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
243. Magharaj, M, Venkateswarlu, K., and Rao, A. S. (1989). Interaction Effects of Insecticide
Combinations on the Growth of Scenedesmus bijugatus and Synechococcus elongatus. Plant Soil 114:
159-164.
EcoReference No.: 77487
Chemical of Concern: CYP,PMR,CPY,FNV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
244. Magnin, M., Marboutin, E., and Pasteur, N. (1988). Insecticide Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus
(Diptera: Culicidae) in West Africa. JMed.Entomol. 25:99-104.
EcoReferenceNo.: 810
Chemical of Concern: DDT,PRN,DDVP,PPX,ADC,MDT,CPY,TMP,DM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,ADC).
245. Maly, M. and Ruber, E. (1983). Effects of Pesticides on Pure and Mixed Species Cultures of Salt
Marsh Pool Algae. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 30: 464-472.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15240
Chemical of Concern: PPX,TMP,CPY,CBL,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBL),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,PPX,TMP),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
246. Mani, V. G. T. and Konar, S. K. (1986). Chronic Effects of the Insecticide Coroban on Behavior,
Survival, Growth and Reproduction of Fish. Aquat.Sci.Fish.Abstr.l7(5, Pt.l):182 (1987) /
Environ.Ecol. 4: 517-520.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12540
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
247. Mani, V. G. T. and Konar, S. K. (1988). Pollutional Hazards of the Pesticide Chlorpyrifos on Aquatic
Ecosystem . Environ.Ecol. 6: 460-462.
EcoReference No.: 13219
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
248. Mann, H. D., Ivey, M. C., Kunz, S. E., and Hogan, B. F. (1973). Chlorpyrifos, Its Oxygen Analogue,
and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol: Residues in the Body Tissues of Turkeys Confined in Pens on
Treated Soil. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 715-717 .
EcoReference No.: 3 7 819
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,TCP).
249. Mansour, F. (1987). Effect of Pesticides on Spiders Occurring on Apple and Citrus in Israel.
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Phytoparasitica 15: 43-50.
EcoReference No.: 70244
Chemical of Concern:
ATZ,CPY,FPP,CYP,FNV,PPHD,FVL,Zineb,Maneb,SFR,Captan,TDF,BMC,GYP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL
CHEMS),OK(CPY,FPP,FVL,PPHD),TARGET(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
250. Mansour, M., Feicht, E. A., Behechti, A., Schramm, K. W., and Kettrup, A. (1999). Determination
Photostability of Selected Agrochemicals in Water and Soil. Chemosphere 39: 575-585.
EcoReference No.: 85031
Chemical of Concern: DZ,HCCH,DDT,CPY,PRN,IZP,24DXY,K2Cr207; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
PHY; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(K2Cr207),NO
SPECIES(DZ,DDT,CPY,PRN,IZP,24DXY,HCCH).
251. Mansour, S. A. (1985). Determination of Residues of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxygen Analog in Dates.
J.Pestic.Sci. 10: 677-680.
EcoReference No.: 90936
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
252. Mansour, S. A., Ali, A. D., and Al-Jalili, M. K. (1984). The Residual Toxicity to Honeybees of Some
Insecticides on Clover Flowers: Laboratory Studies. J.Apic.Res. 23: 213-216.
EcoReference No.: 35334
Chemical of Concern: CBL,FNV,PIRM,PPX,FNT,CPY,MOM,DCF,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,DZ,MOM),OK(PPX,FNT,PIRM,DCF,FNV,CBL).
253. Marganian, V. M. and Wall, W. J. Jr. (1972). Dursban and Diazinon Residues in Biota Following
Treatment of Intertidal Plots on Cape Cod - 1967-69. Pestic.Monit.J. 6: 160-165.
EcoReference No.: 4503
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
254. Mattsson, J. L., Maurissen, J. P. J., Nolan, R. J., and Brzak, K. A. (2000). Lack of Differential
Sensitivity to Cholinesterase Inhibition in Fetuses and Neonates Compared to dams Treated Perinatally
with Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol.Sci. 53: 438-446.
EcoReference No.: 87233
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.GRO.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
255. Mayer, D. F., Johansen, C. A., Lunden, J. D., and Rathbone, L. (1987). Bee Hazard of Insecticides
Combined with Chemical Stickers. Am.Bee J. 127:493-495.
EcoReference No.: 88509
Chemical of Concern:
ES,HCCH,FVL,CYP,CYH,ACP,CPY,DZ,MLN,MTM,Naled,OXD,TCF,MOM,OML,TDC,BFT,CYF,
PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
256. Mayer, F. L. Jr. (1974). Pesticides as Pollutants. In: B.G.Liptak (Ed.), Environmental Engineer's
Handbook, Chilian Book Co., Radnor, PA 405-418 (Publ in Part As 6797).
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EcoReference No.: 70421
Chemical of Concern:
AND,CHD,DDT,DLD,ES,EN,HPT,TXP,DZ,CPY,PRN,CBL,ACL,ATZ,Cu,EDT,SZ,As,MLN,Captan,
Naled; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(AND,CHD,DDT,DLD,ES,EN,HPT,TXP,DZ,CPY,PRN,CBL,ACL,ATZ,Cu,EDT,SZ,As,
MLN,Captan,Naled).
257. Mayer, F. L. Jr. and Ellersieck, M. R. (1986). Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base
for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. Resour.Publ.No.160, U.S.Dep.Interior,
Fish Wildl.Serv., Washington, DC 505 p. (USGS Data File).
EcoReference No.: 6797
Chemical of Concern:
EDT,RSM,SZ,24DXY,ACP,ACR,ADC,ATM,ATN,ATZ,AZ,BS,CaPS,Captan,CBF,CBL,CMPH,CQT
C,CPY,CuS,DBN,DFZ,DMB,DMT,DOD,DPDP,DS,DU,DZ,FO,GYP,HCCH,HXZ,IGS,LNR,MBZ,M
CPB,MDT,MLN,MLT,MOM,MP,MTL,NaN3,Naled,OYZ,PCP,PEB,PAQT,PRT,PSM,Folpet,PYN,C
YT,DMM,EFS,NAA,NTP,PMR,PPB,TFN,WFN,RSM,RTN,ALSV,Se,DBAC,Zn,As,MTPN,DCB,MT
AS,OXD,PEPPG,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MTAS,MTPN,DCB,DZ,IGS,ATZ,MTL,MLT,CBF,ADC,MOM,PPB,SZ,DMT,WFN,RTN,C
uS, DOD,NaN3,DMB,RSM,CaPS,MCPB,
NaPCP,PCP,AMSV,ALSV,PRT,ATM,CQTC,ATN,DBAC),OK(ALLCHEMS),NO
CONTROL(CPY,PEPPG,MP,Naled,BS,OXD,Captan,MLN,HXZ,TBF).
258. Mcneill, J. C. I. V., Miller, W. 0., and Wleczyk, C. M. (1968). Evaluation of Dursban as a Larvicide in
Septic Ditches. Mosq.News 28: 160-161.
EcoReference No.: 13957
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
259. Mellon, R. B. and Georghiou, G. P. (1985). Rotational Use of Insecticides in Mosquito Control
Programs. P roc.Pap.of the 52ndAnnu.Conf.ofthe Calif.Mosq.and Vector Control Assoc.Inc., Jan.29-
Feb.l, 1984, Long Beach, CA 65-67.
EcoReference No.: 66425
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TARGET-CPY).
260. Metcalf, R. L. and Sanborn, J. R. (1975). Pesticides and Environmental Quality in Illinois.
Il.Nat.Hist.Surv.Bull. 31: 381-436.
EcoReference No.: 37948
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,PRN,CBL,PPX,EN,HCCH,MRX,PCP,MLN,FNF,FNT,TMP,DFZ,MTPN,FTT,ADC,CPYM,CP
Y,PCH,24DXY,PHMD,MXC,DMB,ACR,ATZ,TBO,GYP,OYZ,BT,MBZ,TFN,CBF,Maneb,Zineb,AN
D,DLD,DDT,HPT,TXP,CHD,PPN,Captan; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
261. Metelev, V. V. (1984). A Method of Detecting Organophosphorus Insecticides in Water and Aquatic
Organisms. Hydrobiol.J. 21: 37-40.
EcoReference No.: 66430
Chemical of Concern: TCF,FNT,DMT,MP,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(MLN),NO REVIEW(MP,DMT,FNT,TCP).
262. Michael, P. J. (1991). Season-Long Effects of Four Chemicals on Redlegged Earth Mite and Lucerne
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Flea. In: Ridsdill-Smith, J. (Ed), Proc Natl Workshop on Redlegged Earth Mite, Lucerne Flea, and
Blue Oat Mite, Perth, W.Australia, Sept.9-11, 1991II: 63-65.
EcoReference No.: 44565
Chemical of Concern: DDT,DMT,FNV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DDT,DMT,FNV,CPY)//NO OM, pH, ERE.
263. Micks, D. W. and Rougeau, D. (1977). Organophosphorus Tolerance in Culex quinquefasciatus in
Texas. Mosq.News 37: 233-239.
EcoReference No.: 13776
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,FNTH,FNT,ABT,PRN; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
264. Miller, W. 0. and Cochran, L. K. (1970). Results Obtained with Dursban Insecticide Applied to a Salt
Marsh Habitat. Down Earth 26: 17-21.
EcoReference No.: 9644
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
265. Mohamed, A. K. A., Pratt, J. P., and Nelson, F. R. S. (1987). Compatibility of Metarhizium anisopliae
var. anisopliae with Chemical Pesticides. Mycopathologia 99: 99-105.
EcoReference No.: 70030
Chemical of Concern:
MTPN,CPY,Zineb,Maneb,BMY,CHD,TXP,MOM,CBF,CBL,DZ,TMP,FNTH,RSM; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP,REP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
266. Mohamed, 0. S. A., Adam, S. E. L, and El Dirdira, N. I. (1990). The Combined Effect of Dursban and
Reldan on Nubian Goats. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 32: 47-48.
EcoReference No.: 93764
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
267. Moore, J. B. and Breeland, S. G. (1967). Field Evaluation of Two Mosquito Larvicides, Abate and
Dursban, Against Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Associated Culex Species. Mosq.News 27: 105-
111.
EcoReference No.: 4762
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
268. Moore, M. T., Schulz, R., Cooper, C. M., Smith, S. Jr., and Rodgers, J. H. Jr. (2002). Mitigation of
Chlorpyrifos Runoff Using Constructed Wetlands. Chemosphere 46: 827-835.
EcoReference No.: 93530
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
269. Moser, V. C. (1995). Comparisons of the Acute Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors Using a
Neurobehavioral Screening Battery in Rats. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 17: 617-625.
EcoReference No.: 83781
Chemical of Concern: ADC,DZ,CBL,PRN,CPY,FNTH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,PHY;
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Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
270. Moss, J. I. (1996). Synergism of Toxicity of N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide to German Cockroaches
(Orthoptera: Blattellidae) by Hydrolytic Enzyme Inhibitors. J.Econ.Entomol. 89: 1151-1155.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93301
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,AMZ,PMR,LCYT,PPB,DEET,CBL,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO MLXTURE(PMR,PPB,TBF),NO CONTROL(MLN,CPY,CBL).
271. Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. (1979). Experimental Studies on Macroinvertebrate Predator-Prey Impact of
Pesticides. The Reactions of Rhyacophila and Hydropsyche (Trichoptera) Larvae to Simulium
Larvicides. Can.J.Zool. 57: 2264-2270.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5157
Chemical of Concern: PMR,TMP,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
OK(TMP),NO CONTROL(PMR),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
272. Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. and Merryweather, J. (1970). Ovicides in Simulium Control. Nature
221:858 (ABS) (1969)/Bull.W.H.O. 42: 174-177.
EcoReference No.: 4567
Chemical of Concern: DDVP,ABT,PYN,HCCH,DZ,MXC,DDT,FNTH,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
273. Mulla, M. S. (1967). Dursban - Promising New Mosquito Control Agent. Down Earth 23: 15-17.
EcoReference No.: 60840
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY).
274. Mulla, M. S., Norland, R. L., Fanara, D. M., Darwazeh, H. A., and McKean, D. W. (1971). Control of
Chironomid Midges in Recreational Lakes. J.Econ.Entomol. 64: 300-307.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5158
Chemical of Concern: ABT,EPRN,HCCH,MP,CBF,FNTH,CBL,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ABT,EPRN,HCCH,MP,CBF,FNTH,CBL),NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
275. Mulla, M. S., Norland, R. L., Westlake, W. E., Dell, B., and St.Amant, J. (1973). Aquatic Midge
Larvicides, Their Efficacy and Residues in Water, Soil, and Fish in a Warm-Water Lake.
Environ.Entomol. 2: 58-65.
EcoReference No.: 4277
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,FNT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.POP.MOR: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CBL,CPY).
276. Mullie, W. C. and Keith, J. 0. (1993). The Effects of Aerially Applied Fenitrothion and Chlorpyrifos
on Birds in the Savannah of Northern Senegal. J.Appl.Ecol. 30: 536-550.
EcoReferenceNo.: 62651
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
277. Murdoch, C. L. and Mitchell, W. C. (1972). Insect Control in 'Sunturf Bermudagrass. Hawaii Farm
Sci. 21: 1, 11-12.
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 91302
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,Naled,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(Naled,HCCH),NOENDPOINT(CPY,DZ).
278. Murray, A., Rathbone, A. J., and Ray, D. E. (2005). Novel Protein Targets for Organophosphorus
Pesticides in Rat Brain. Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 19:451-454.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89041
Chemical of Concern: AZM,CPY,DZ,MLN,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
279. Murthy, M. M. K., Rao, D. V. S., and Ramasubbaiah, K. (1989). Efficacy of Carbofuran and Certain
Other Granular Insecticides Against Insect Pests of Rice. Indian J.Entomol. 51: 200-204.
EcoReference No.: 75295
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBO,CBF,FNTH,FNT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(CPY).
280. Murugadass, S., Jaykumar, E., and Krishnan, M. (1988). Toxicity of Fenthion and Chlorpyrifos on the
Predatory Behavior of Ranatra filliformis (Hemiptera: Nepidae). Pollut.Res. 7: 71-76.
EcoReference No.: 72753
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY).
281. Muschal, M. and Warne, M. St. J. (2003). Risk Posed by Pesticides to Aquatic Organisms in Rivers of
Northern Inland New South Wales, Australia. Hum.Ecol.Risk Assess. 9: 1765-1787.
EcoReference No.: 81718
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,PRO,MTL,DV,PFF,CP Y,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
282. Naqvi, S. M. and Ferguson, D. E. (1968). Pesticide Tolerances of Selected Freshwater Invertebrates.
J.Miss.Acad.Sci. 14: 121-127.
EcoReference No.: 2093
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,MLN,MP,DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ),OK(AZ,HCCH),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,MP),NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
283. Naqvi, S. M. Z. (1973). Toxicity of Twenty-Three Insecticides to a Tubificid Worm Branchiura
sowerbyi From the Mississippi Delta. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 70-74.
EcoReference No.: 2798
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CBL,CP Y,HCCH,MLN,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(AZ),LITE EVAL CODED(CBL),OK(HCCH),NO CONTROL(MLN,MP),NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
284. Neary, D. G., Bush, P. B., McMahon, C. K., Cantrell, R. L., and Taylor, J. W. Jr. (1988). Persistence of
Nine Forest Pesticides in the Surface Horizon of a Typic Quartzipsamment Soil of the Ocala National
Forest. Proc.-Soil Crop Sci.Soc.Fla. 47: 127-134.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93486
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,FNT,CPY,24D,DMB,HXZ,PCL,TPR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY,24D,DMP,HXZ).
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285. Nishiuchi, Y. (1980). Toxicity of Formulated Pesticides to Fresh Water Organisms LXXII. Suisan
Zoshoku 27: 238-244 (JPN).
EcoReference No.: 6701
Chemical of Concern:
CPYM,AMZ,PPG,TW,PIM,ES,FLAC,PHSL,NCTN,HPT,RTN,DDT,CHD,DLD,MOM,ACP,Naled,C
PY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,Naled),NO
FOREIGN(ALL CHEMS).
286. Nishiuchi, Y. (1977). Toxicity of Formulated Pesticides to Some Fresh Water Organisms. XXXXI.
The Aquiculture (Suisan Zoshoku) 24: 146-150 (JPN).
EcoReference No.: 7591
Chemical of Concern: Captan,DZ,TBC,NaPCP,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: NO FOREIGN,NO CONTROL(CPY,Captan).
287. Nishiuchi, Y. (1979). Toxicity of Pesticides to Animals in Freshwater. LXII. The Aquiculture (Suisan
Zoshoku) 27 : 119-124 (JPN).
EcoReference No.: 6956
Chemical of Concern: MLN,NaPCP,Ag,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN).
288. Nishiuchi, Y. (1972). Toxicity of Pesticides to Some Water Organisms.
Bull.Agric.Chem.Imp.Stn.(Noyaku Kemasho Hokoku) 12: 122-128 (JPN) (ENG TRANSL).
EcoReference No.: 10258
Chemical of Concern:
3CE,AC,AMTL,AMTR,AND,As,ATZ,BMC,BS,Captan,CBL,CPA,CPY,CTN,Cu,DBN,DCPA,DDT,
DDW,DLD,DMB,DMT,DPA,DSMA,DU,DZ,EDB,EDC,EN,EPTC,ES,ETN,Fe,FLAC,FML,FNT,FN
TH,HCCH,Hg,HPT,LNR,MCAP,MCPB,MCPPl,MDT,MLN,MOM,MP,MTAS,NALED,Ni,NTCN,0
PHP,Pb,PCB,PCP,PCZ,PEB,PHMD,PHSL,PHTH,PMT,PNB,PPX,PPZ,PRN,PSM,PYN,SFL,SID,STR
EP,SZ,TBC,TFN,THM,TPE,TPH,TPM,TRN,Zn; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS)//NO RESIDUE.
289. Nishiuchi, Y. and Asano, K. (1979). Toxicity of Agricultural Chemicals to Some Freshwater
Organisms - LIX. The Aquiculture (Suisan Zoshoku) 27: 48-55 (JPN) (ENG TRANSL).
EcoReference No.: 6954
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,ACR,ATZ,BMC,BT,Captan,CPY,CTN,Cu,CuOH,CuS,DMT,DU,DZ,Folpet,HCCH,LNR,MAL,
MDT,MLN,MOM,PCP,PEB,PHMD,PMT,PNB,PPG,PQT,PSM,QOC,TBC,TFN,RTN,CuCl,PPZ,Zn,N
i,As,DCB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,DMT,MLN,BMC,CTN,QOC,Captan,Folpet,ATZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).
290. Noetzel, D. and Roman, H. (1992). Flea Beetle Control in Canola with Granular Insecticides, 1989.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 190(26F).
EcoReference No.: 79347
Chemical of Concern: ADC,TBO,PRT,CBF,TFT,CEX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection
Code: OK(ADC,TBO,PRT,CBF,TFT,CEX),NO COC(CPY).
291. Norberg-King, T. J. (1989). An Evaluation of the Fathead Minnow Seven-Day Subchronic Test For
Estimating Chronic Toxicity. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 8: 1075-1089.
EcoReference No.: 5313
-------
Chemical of Concern: CBL,DZ,ZnS,Se,NaCr,CPY,AgN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ,NaCr),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(CPY).
292. Norberg, T. J. and Mount, D. I. (1985). A New Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Subchronic
Toxicity Test. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 4:711-718.
EcoReference No.: 11182
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Cu,Zn; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(Cu,OW-TRV-Cu),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(CPY).
293. Oberheu, J. C., Soule, R. D., and Wolf, M. A. (1970). The Correlation of Cholinesterase Levels in test
Animals and Exposure Levels Resulting from Thermal fog and Aerial Spray Applications of Dursban.
Down Earth 26: 12-16.
EcoReference No.: 9656
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
294. Ohayo-Mitoko, G. J. A. and Deneer, J. W. (1993). Lethal Body Burdens of Four Organophorus
Pesticides in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Sci. Total Environ. (Suppl.) 559-565.
EcoReference No.: 4349
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(DZ,PRN),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
295. Oldham, M. L., Lusk, E. E., and Womeldorf, D. J. (1977). Evaluation of Several Insecticides for the
Control of Larval Aedes sierrensis (Ludlow). Mosq.News 37: 218-221.
EcoReference No.: 66068
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TMP,FNTH,PPX; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(CPY).
296. Olofinboba, M. 0. and Kozlowski, T. T. (1982). Effects of 3 Systemic Insecticides on Seed
Germination and Growth of Pinus halepensis Seedlings. Plant Soil 64: 255-258.
EcoReference No.: 41343
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP; Rejection Code: OK
TARGET(ACP),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
297. Padilla, S., Sung, H.-J., and Moser, V. C. (2004). Further Assessment of an In Vitro Screen that may
Help Identify Organophosphorus Pesticides that are more Acutely Toxic to the Young.
J.Toxicol.Environ.HealthPartA 67: 1477-1489.
EcoReference No.: 88968
Chemical of Concern: MLO,DZ,CPY,MTM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DZ,MLO),NOREVIEW(CPY,MTM).
298. Palmer, J. S., Rowe, L. D., and Crookshank, H. R. (1980). Effect of Age on Tolerance of Calves to
Chlorpyrifos. Am.J.Vet.Res. 41: 1323-1325.
EcoReference No.: 38240
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
299. Pan, D. Y. and Liang, X. M. (1993). Safety Study of Pesticides on Bog Frog, a Predatory Natural
Enemy of Pest in Paddy Field. J.Hunan Agricult.Coll. 19: 47-54 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 16056
Chemical of Concern:
FNT,ANZ,DDVP,DLD,24DXY,CBF,CPY,CTN,DMT,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MLT,MP,MTM,PMT,TBC,D
M,EFV,BPZ,PPN,OMT,PCH,FPP,NaPCP,CaPS,OMT,Zn,DDT,Zineb,PPHD,FNV,CYH,BTC,TDF,Ni
; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN,NO CONTROL(ALL
CHEMS),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
300. Pandey, S. and Singh, D. K. (2004). Total Bacterial and Fungal Population After Chlorpyrifos and
Quinalphos Treatments in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Soil. Chemosphere 55: 197-205.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92569
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
301. Papst, M. H. and Boyer, M. G. (1980). Effects of Two Organophosphorus Insecticides on the
Chlorophyll A and Pheopigment Concentrations of Standing Ponds. Hydrobiologia 69: 245-250.
EcoReference No.: 6702
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,BCM,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
302. Pasteur, N, Marquine, M., Cheikh, H. B., Bernard, C., and Bourguet, D. (1999). A New Mechanism
Conferring Unprecedented High Resistance to Chlorpyrifos in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae).
JMed.Entomol. 36: 794-802.
EcoReferenceNo.: 61955
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF,PPB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY),NO MIXTURE(TBF,PPB).
303. Patel, H. R. and Patel, B. N. (1998). Evaluation of Dazomet (Basamid G) Against Rove Beetles,
Damping-Off, Weeds and Nematodes in Bidi Tobacco Nursery. J.Mycol.Plant Pathol. 28: 134-139.
EcoReferenceNo.: 79935
Chemical of Concern: DZM,CPY,MLX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DZM),NO MIXTURE(CPY,MLX).
304. Patel, J. A., Raj, M. F., Talati, J. G., and Patel, B. K. (1995). Residues of Quinalphos and
Chlorpyriphos from Bidi Tobacco. Tob.Res. 21: 76-78.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93340
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY).
305. Pauli, B. D., Perrault, J. A., and Money, S. L. (2000). RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian
Toxicology Literature. Tech.Rep.Ser.No.357, National Wildlife Res.Centre 1-494.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93024
Chemical of Concern:
FMP,FNT,FTH,FNV,FRN,HPT,Hg,IFP,MLN,MDT,MCB,ACP,Ag,Al,ADC,AND,PCB,As,ATZ,AZ,B
a,Bc,BDC,HCCH,CBL,CBF,Cd,CHD,CPH,Co,CMPH,Cr,Cu,DDT,DEM,DZ,DDW,DLF,DCTP,DLD
,DMT,DXN,DS,ES,EN,ETN,EP,Fe,MOM,MXC,MTL,MW,Mg,MRX,Mn,Mo,MYC,Nalcd,Ni,PHTH,
OML,PAH,PRN,MP,Pb,PCP,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PPHD,PTP,PPX,Se,TCDD,TBO,TXP,V,An,ATN,NHN
,BDF,BTY,CPY,CTN,Cl,CuS,CYP,DM,DBN,DFZ,Nabam,PA,PAH,GYP,LNR,MLN,MZB,MLX,MB
Z,NH,NRM,RTN,Zns,ANT,PAH,TBC,BNZ,CdN,CTC,CBZ,CF,CZE,CYH,DU,EDT,EFV,EGY,Mane
b,MCPA,HgC12,MLT,NAPH,PAH,NBZ,PAQT,PPB,PCL,PCH,PPN,CET,REM,24DXY,ATP,ACL,A
-------
CY,AMTL,ANZ,AN,BRA,BPZ,TC,CdS,CaC12,CBD,CdCl,CoCl,CN,CYF,DMB,DINO,NP,ETHN,ED
B,FPP,FBM,GIB,FAME,IoDN,IMC,MLO,MTB,NCTN,NHP,SRT,OMT,PQT,PbAC,PbN,PHE,PAH,P
L,PTR,PND,K2Cr04,K2Cr207,PYPG,PYR,PAH,PYN,SBA,SAC,SCA,Sb,AgN,nABr,SFL,NaN03,S
TCH,SFT,SA,TBT,TMP,TMT,TI,TBA,TPM,THM,TOL,3CE,TEG,FRN,TPR,UREA,MTPN,VCZ,WF
N,Zineb; Habitat: AT; Rejection Code: NO REVIEW (ALL CHEMS).
306. Pedersen, W. L., Kline, J. D., Bradley, C. A., and Mueller, D. S. (2003 ). Influence of Metalaxyl
Fungicide Seed Treatment on Severity of Rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) Damage to Corn (Zea mays)
Under No-Tillage Conditions. Crop Prot. 22: 647-652.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90541
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Captan,MLX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO.PHY; Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL,ENDPOINT(Captan),NO MIXTURE(CPY).
307. Pereira, J. L., Da Silva, A. A., Picanco, M. C., De Barros, E. C., and Jakelaitis, A. (2005). Effects of
Herbicide and Insecticide Interaction on Soil Entomofauna Under Maize Crop. J.Environ.Sci.Health
Par/5 40: 45-54.
EcoReference No.: 79698
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ATZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CPY).
308. Peterson, R. H. (1976). Temperature Selection of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as Influenced
by Various Toxic Substances. J.Fish.Res.Board Can. 33: 1722-1730.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5160
Chemical of Concern: Zn,AZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,HPT,NaPCP,FNT,MLN,Naled,CuS; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR.BEH; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(Zn,AZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,HPT,NaPCP,FNT,MLN,Naled,CuS).
309. Phipps, G. L. and Holcombe, G. W. (1985). A Method for Aquatic Multiple Species Toxicant Testing:
Acute Toxicity of 10 Chemicals to 5 Vertebrates and 2 Invertebrates. Environ.Pollut.Ser.A 38: 141-
157 (Author Communication Used) (OECDG Data File).
EcoReferenceNo.: 10775
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,PCP,Cd; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBL,PCP),OK(Cd),NO CONTROL(CPY).
310. Poet, T. S., Kousba, A. A., Dennison, S. L., and Timchalk, C. (2004). Physiologically Based
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Organophosphorus Pesticide Diazinon.
Neurotoxicology 25: 1013-1030.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92876
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DZ),NO MODELING(CPY).
311. Polls, L, Greenberg, B., and Lue-Hing, C. (1975). Control of Nuisance Midges in a Channel Receiving
Treated Municipal Sewage. Mosq.News 35: 533-537.
EcoReference No.: 67608
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
312. Price, M. A., Radeleff, R. D., Kunz, S. E., and Everett, R. E. (1971). Toxicity of Soil Applications of
Dursban to Bobwhite Quail. Texas A andM Univ., Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Colleg
Station TX 1 -3.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 38403
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
313. Printes, L. B. and Callaghan, A. (2004). A Comparative Study on the Relationship Between
Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Acute Toxicity in Daphnia magna Exposed to Anticholinesterase
Insecticides. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 23: 1241-1247.
EcoReferenceNo.: 75191
Chemical of Concern: PRN,PPX,CPY,MLN,ACP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
314. Quistad, G. B., Fisher, K. J., Owen, S. C., Klintenberg, R., and Casida, J. E. (2005). Platelet-Activating
Factor Acetylhydrolase: Selective Inhibition by Potent n-Alkyl Methylphosphonofluoridates.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 205: 149-156.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80192
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.CEL: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
315. Quistad, G. B., Nomura, D. K., Sparks, S. E., Segall, Y., and Casida, J. E. (2002). Cannabinoid CB1
Receptor as a Target for Chlorpyrifos Oxon and Other Organophosphorus Pesticides. Toxicol.Lett.
135: 89-93.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91449
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,DDVP,TBF,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.CEL: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TBF),NO COC(MP),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,DZ).
316. Radhakrishaiah, K. and Renukadevi, B. (1989). Effect of Pesticides on Succinate and Lactate
Dehydrogenase Activities in the Freshwater Field Crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius).
Proc.IndianNatl.Sci.AcadPartB 55: 339-344 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 3236
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBF),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
317. Radhakrishnaiah, K. and Renukadevi, B. (1990). Size and Sex Related Tolerance to Pesticides in the
Freshwater Field Crab Oziotelphusa senex senex. Environ.Ecol. 8: 111-114.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3430
Chemical of Concern: CBF,ES,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBF),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(CPY).
318. Ramakrishnan, M., Malliga Devi, T., Arunachalam, S., and Palanichamy, S. (1991). Effects of
Pesticides, Decis and Coroban on Food Utilization in Cyprinus carpio var. communis.
J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Monit. 1: 59-64.
EcoReferenceNo.: 4141
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
319. Ranasinghe, L. E. and Georghiou, G. P. (1979). Comparative Modification of Insecticide-Resistance
Spectrum of Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. by Selection with Temephos and Temephos/Synergist
Combinations. Pestic.Sci. 10: 502-508 .
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EcoReferenceNo.: 92984
Chemical of Concern: FNTH,FNT,CPYM,CPY,MLN,CBF,PPB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(FNTH,FNT,CPYM,CPY,MLN,CBF,PPB).
320. Rao, B. N, Sultan, M. A., and Reddy, K. N. (1987). Residues of Chlorpyrifos on Paddy. Pesticides
(Bombay) 21: 31-33.
EcoReference No.: 60888
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
321. Rao, K. R. and Prasad, V. D. (1999). Host Plant - Induced Response to Insecticides and Haemolymph
Esterase Patterns in American Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Entomon 24: 9-13.
EcoReference No.: 64245
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,FNV).
322. Raven, P. J. (1988). Ecological Effects of a Major Insecticide Pollution on an Essex River. Lond.Nat.
67: 75-85.
EcoReference No.: 60885
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
323. Raven, P. J. and George, J. J. (1989). Recovery by Riffle Macroinvertebrates in a River After a Major
Accidental Spillage of Chlorpyrifos. Environ.?ollut. 59: 55-70.
EcoReference No.: 780
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
Rawlins, S. C. and Ragoonansingh, R. (1990). Comparative Organophosphorus Insecticide
Susceptibility in Caribbean Populations of Aedes aegypti and Toxorhynchites moctezuma.
J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 6: 315-317.
EcoReference No.: 60883
Chemical of Concern: TMP,MLN,FNTH,FNT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
Rawlins, S. C. and Wan, J. 0. H. (1995). Resistance in Some Caribbean Populations of Aedes aegypti
to Several Insecticides. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 11:59-65.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91102
Chemical of Concern: FNTH,FNT,CPY,MLN,TMP; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(FNTH,FNT,CPY,MLN),OK(TMP).
326. Rawn, G. P., Webster, G. R. B., and Findlay, G. M. (1978). Effect of Pool Bottom Substrate on
Residues and Bioactivity of Chlorpyrifos, Against Larvae of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).
Can.Entomol. 110: 1269-1276.
EcoReference No.: 2694
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
327. Reissig, W. H. and Combs, D. (2006). Evaluation of Seasonal Insecticide Programs Against New York
-------
Apple Pests, 2005. ArthropodManag.Tests 31: A21.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93017
Chemical of Concern: AZ,EFV,MDT,CPY,PSM,HTX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK TARGET(AZ,EFV),NO MLXTURE(TARGET-CPY,PSM,HTX).
328. Rettich, F. (1980). Residual Toxicity of Wall-Sprayed Organophosphates, Carbamates and Pyrethroids
to Mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal. J.Hyg.Epidemiol.Microbiol.Immunol. 24: 110-117.
EcoReferenceNo.: 70015
Chemical of Concern: RSM,SZ,CPY,CBL,PMR,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CBL, DMT,CPY).
329. Rettich, F. (1977). The Susceptibility of Mosquito Larvae to Eighteen Insecticides in Czechoslovakia.
Mosq.News 37: 252-257.
EcoReferenceNo.: 2914
Chemical of Concern:
DLD,TCF,MXC,HCCH,MLN,CBL,DZ,CPY,DDT,FNTH,DDVP,PPX,FNT,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,MLN),OK(ALL CHEMS).
330. Reuveny, H. and Cohen, E. (2004). Evaluation of Mechanisms of Azinphos-Methyl Resistance in the
Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (L.). Arch.Imect Biochem.Physiol. 57: 92-100.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92956
Chemical of Concern: CBL,PIM,ADC,CPY,PPB,TBF,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(CBL,PIM,ADC,CPY,AZ),NO MIXTURE(PPB,TBF).
331. Revellin, C., De Canson, B., and Catroux, G. (1992). Effect of a Mixture of Chlorpyrifos and Lindane
on the Symbiosis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merril). Pestic.Sci.
36: 69-74.
EcoReference No.: 71617
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBF),NO MIXTURE(CPY).
332. Roberts, D. R. and Miller, T. A. (1971). Effects of Polymer Formulations of Dursban and Abate on
Non-target Organism Populations April-October 1970. Entomological Spec.Study No.31-004-71,
U.S.Army Environ.Hyg.Agency, Edgewood Arsenal, MD 24 p. (NTIS/AD-729342).
EcoReferenceNo.: 9420
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
333. Roberts, D. R., Roberts, L. W., Miller, T. A., Nelson, L. L., and Young, W. W. (1973). Polymer
Formulations of Mosquito Larvicides III. Effects of a Polyethylene Formulation of Chlorpyrifos on
Non-target Populations Naturally Infesting Artificial Field Pools. Mosq.News 33: 165-172.
EcoReference No.: 60866
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
334. Roberts, L. W., Roberts, D. R., Miller, T. A., Nelson, L. L., and Young, W. W. (1973). Polymer
Formulations of Mosquito Larvicides II. Effects of a Polyethylene Formulation of Chlorpyrifos on
Culex Populations Naturally Infesting Artificial Field Pools. Mosq.News 33: 155-161.
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EcoReference No.: 65683; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: ACC.POP; Rejection Code: NO COC(CPY).
335. Rodrigues, G. S., Pimentel, D., and Weinstein, L. H. (1998). In Situ Assessment of Pesticide
Genotoxicity in an Integrated Pest Management Program: II. Maize Waxy Mutation Assay.
Mutat.Res. 412: 245-250.
EcoReference No.: 73530
Chemical of Concern: MTL,CYP,CZE,HCCH,CPY,DZ,Captan; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL;
Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(MTL,CYP,CZE,HCCH,CPY,DZ,Captan,TARGET-MTL).
336. Rodrigues, J. D., Pedras, J. F., Rodrigues, S. D., Silva, J. A., and Klar, A. E. (1980). Treatment of
Aquatic Plants with Herbicides and Insecticides. I. Effects on some Fish in the Basins of the Piracicaba
and Tiete Rivers. Rev.Agric. (Piracicaba) 55(1/2):5-12 (FOR) (ENGABS).
EcoReference No.: 6618
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
337. Rongsriyam, Y., Prownebon, S., and Hirakoso, S. (1968). Effects of Insecticides on the Feeding
Activity of the Guppy, a Mosquito-Eating Fish, in Thailand. Bull. W.H.O. 39: 977-980.
EcoReference No.: 3663
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,HCCH,MLN,ATN,ABT,FNT,DDVP,FNTH,DDT; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS),NO
CONTROL(CPY).
338. Rouchaud, J., Gustin, F., Van de Steene, F., Pelerents, C., Vanparys, L., Gillet, J., Benoit, F., and
Ceustermans, N. (1991). Transport of the Insecticides Chlorpyrifos, Chlorfenvinphos, Carbofuran,
Carbosulfan, and Furathiocarb from Soil into the Foliage of Cauliflower and Brussels Sprouts Plants
Grown in the Field. Toxicol.Environ.Chem. 30: 79-94.
EcoReference No.: 72929
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.ACC: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT.
339. Rovesti, L., Heinzpeter, E. W., Tagliente, F., and Deseo, K. V. (1988). Compatibility of Pesticides
with the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Nematoda:
Heterorhabditidae). Nematologica 34: 462-476 .
EcoReference No.: 93075
Chemical of Concern:
DOD,FRM,AMZ,PCZ,CHX,PPM,FOLPET,MLX,CBF,CBD,MTAS,DCF,Dino,CTN,SFR,CuS,THM,
MZB,PPG,DZ,ES,HCCH,PRN,PRT,TBO,FNF,CPY,ADC,MOM,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR. BEH; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(AMZ,FRM,PCZ,CHX,FOLPET,PPM,MLX,CBF,CBD,DCF,Dino,CTN,SFR,CuS,THM,
MZB,PPG,DFZ,MOM,ADC,FNF,DCF,TBO,PRN,HCCH,ES,DZ,CPY,DOD,MTAS,PRT).
340. Sadlo, S. and Sionek, R. (1996). Comparative Study of Behavior of Some Pesticides on Greenhouse
Tomatoes by Internal-Standard Method. Pr.Nauk.Inst.Ochr.Rosl. 36: 47-56.
EcoReference No.: 93484
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,EFV,PIRM,CPY,CTN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(EFV,CPY,CTN).
Sain, M., Krishnaiah, N. V., and Kalode, M. B. (1987). Effectiveness of Spray Formulations Against
Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomon 12: 17-19.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 91494
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PPHD,FNTH,MP,MLN,DDVP,CBL,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MP,MLN,CBL,DMT), TARGET
(DMT),TARGET(CPY).
342. Saleh, M. S., Gaaboub, I. A., and Kassem, S. M. I. (1981). Larvicidal Effectiveness of Three
Controlled-Release Formulations of Dursban and Dimilin on Culex pipiens L. and Aedes aegypti (L.).
J.Agric.Sci.97(Part 1) 87-96.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15758
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
343. Saleh, M. S., Kelada, N. L., and Abdeen, M. I. (1990). Factors Affecting Efficacy of Bacillus
thuringiensis H-14 Against Mosquito Larvae with Special Reference to the Joint Action of the
Pathogen with Three Chemical Insecticides. Anz.Schaedlingskd.Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 63: 10-
13.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93061
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CP Y,FNV; Habitat: A; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MLN,CPY,FNV).
344. Samson, G. and Popovic, R. (1988). Use of Algal Fluorescence for Determination of Phytotoxicity of
Heavy Metals and Pesticides as Environmental Pollutants. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 16: 272-278.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13246
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,DU,CuS; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,PHY; Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(ATZ,CPY,DU,CuS).
345. Sanchez-Amate, M. C., Davila, E., Canadas, F., Flores, P., and Sanchez-Santed, F. (2002).
Chlorpyrifos Shares Stimulus Properties with Pentylenetetrazol as Evaluated by an Operant Drug
Discrimination Task. Neurotoxicology 23: 795-803 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 92567
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BEH: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
346. Sandahl, J. F. and Jenkins, J. J. (2002). Pacific Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Exposed to
Chlorpyrifos: Benchmark Concentration Estimates for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 2452-2458.
EcoReference No.: 68222
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
347. Sanders, H. 0. (1969). Toxicity of Pesticides to the Crustacean Gammarus lacustris. Tech.Pap.No.25,
U.S.D.I., Bur.Sports Fish. Wildl, Fish Wildl.Serv., Washington, D.C. 18 p. (Author Communication
Used)(Used with Reference 732) (Publ in Part As 6797).
EcoReferenceNo.: 885
Chemical of Concern:
SZ,EDT,24DXY,AZ,CBL,CMPH,CPY,DBN,DMB,DMT,DS,DU,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MLT,Naled,PAQT
,PRT,TFN,RTN,NaN3,ATN,OXD,Captan,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,AZ,DZ,MLT,SZ,DMT,RTN,NaN3,DMB,PRT,ATN),NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN,Naled,OXD,Captan,TBF).
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348. Sanders, H. 0. and Cope, 0. B. (1968). The Relative Toxicities of Several Pesticides to Naiads of
Three Species of Stoneflies. Limnol.Oceanogr. 13: 112-117 (Author Communication Used) (Publ in
Part As 6797).
EcoReferenceNo.: 889
Chemical of Concern:
24DXY,AZ,CBL,CPY,DBN,DMT,DS,DU,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MLT,Naled,PYN,TFN,RTN,As,NaN3,A
TN,OXD,Captan,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,TBF,Naled,OXD,Captan,MLN),LITEEVAL
CODED(CBL,DZ,MLT,DMT,RTN,NaN3,ATN),OK(ALLCHEMS).
349. Sandhu, S. S., Waters, M. D., Simmon, V. F., Mortelmans, K. E., Mitchell, A. D., Jorgenson, T., Jones,
D. C. L., Valencia, R., and Stack, F. (1985). Evaluation of the Genotoxic Potential of Certain
Pesticides Used in Pakistan. Basic Life Sci. 34: 185-219.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89882
Chemical of Concern:
PPN,DMB,24DXY,MZB,Zineb,Maneb,Captan,BMY,TCF,ACP,AZ,CBF,CPY,DZ,EN,MLN,MOM,M
P,DS,FNTH,PMR,PRT,TFN,ETN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.CEL.PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS),NO
BACTERIA(DZ,EN,PMR,MZB,Maneb,Zineb,24DXY,PPN,TFN,ETN).
350. Schaefer, C. H. and Dupras, E. F. Jr. (1970). Factors Affecting the Stability of Dursban in Polluted
Waters. J.Econ.Entomol. 63: 701-705.
EcoReference No.: 65573
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
351. Schafer, E. W. (1972). The Acute Oral Toxicity of 369 Pesticidal, Pharmaceutical and Other
Chemicals to Wild Birds. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 21: 315-330 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 38655
Chemical of Concern:
Ziram,AN,BZO,BZC,Captan,THM,ZINEB,CYT,SFL,MAL,MRX,ACL,MLN,ABT,CBZ,MCB,CBL,C
MPH,HCCH,EN,AND,ES,NP,TCF,CPY,DDW,PPHD,DCTP,DS,PRT,DMT,AZ,PSM,ETN,DEM,DZ
,FNTH,MP,NCTN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL
CHEMS),NO COC(4AP).
352. Schafer, E. W. Jr., Bowles, W. A. Jr., and Hurlbut, J. (1983). The Acute Oral Toxicity, Repellency, and
Hazard Potential of 998 Chemicals to One or More Species of Wild and Domestic Birds.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 12: 355-382.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38656
Chemical of Concern:
RSM,TBT,CBL,EN,PAH,ACL,PL,ES,AND,DZ,CPY,Sb,Pb,Zn,Cu,Tl,DLD,HCCH,APAC,4AP,DNB;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ACUTE (TRV)//NO CONTROL(ALL
CHEMS).
353. Schiffman, S. S., Suggs, M. S., Donia, M. B. A., Erickson, R. P., and Nagle, H. T. (1995).
Environmental Pollutants Alter Taste Responses in the Gerbil. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 52: 189-
194.
EcoReference No.: 74836
Chemical of Concern: CBF,PYT,MTM,ACP,CPY,DEM,MLN,CBL,FNV,PAQT,GYP,SMM ;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
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354. Schlinke, J. C. (1970). Chronic Toxicity of Dursban in Chickens, 1969. J.Econ.Entomol. 63: 319.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38676
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
355. Schoettger, R. A. (1970). Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory. U.S.Dep.Merior, Bur.Sport
Fish.Wildl.Res., Publ. 106: 2-40 (Publ in Part As 6797).
EcoReferenceNo.: 6615
Chemical of Concern: RSM,SZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,MLN,MP,Naled,24DXY,MCPB,ATM; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: SYS.ACC.MOR.BCM.POP: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(RSM,SZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,MLN,MP,Naled,24DXY,MCPB,ATM).
356. Scirocchi, A. and D'Erme, A. (1980). Toxicity of Seven Insecticides on Some Species of Fresh Water
Fishes. Riv.Parassitol. 41: 113-121 (ENG ABS) (ITA).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5165
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CP Y; Habitat: A; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN,NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN).
357. Scott, J. and Redmond, M. S. (1986). Acute Toxicity Tests with Chlorpyrifos and the Amphipod,
Rhepoxynius abronius. SAIC, Narragamett, RI: 3 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3763
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
358. Self, L. S., Shim, J. C., and Jolivet, P. (1974). Susceptibility of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Six Other
Mosquitoes to Insecticides in Korea. Cah.O.R.S.T.O.M.Ser.Entomol.Med.Parasitol. 12: 81-92.
EcoReference No.: 46276
Chemical of Concern: FNT,MLN,DDT,DLD,HCCH,PPX,FNTH,Naled,CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TARGET-MLN,Naled,CPY,MP).
359. Self, L. S. and Tun, M. M. (1970). Summary of Field Trials in 1964-69 in Rangoon, Burma, of
Organophosphorus Larvicides and Oils Against Culex pipiens fatigans Larvae in Polluted Water.
Bull.W.H. (9.43:841-851.
EcoReferenceNo.: 63216
Chemical of Concern: TMT,CPY,ABT,FNTH,PRN,FNT,DDVP,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
360. Semtner, P. J., Clarke, J., and Wilkinson III, W. B. (1999). Systemic Insecticides for Aphid and Flea
Beetle Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1998. ArthropodManag.Tests 24: 309-311 (F129).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88148
Chemical of Concern: EP,ADC,FMP,CPY,IMC,ACP,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: OK(IMC,CBF,ACP),NO MIXTURE(EP,ADC,FMP,CPY).
361. Shah, P. V., Fisher, H. L., Sumler, M. R., Monroe, R. J., Chernoff, N, and Hall, L. L. (1987).
Comparison of the Penetration of 14 Pesticides Through the Skin of Young and Adult Rats.
J.Toxicol.Emiron.Health 21: 353-366.
EcoReferenceNo.: 84377
Chemical of Concern:
-------
NCTN,ATZ,CAPTAN,CBL,CBF,CPY,DSMA,FOLPET,MSMA,PRN,PCB,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
362. Shah, P. V., Monroe, R. J., and Guthrie, F. E. (1981). Comparative Rates of Dermal Penetration of
Insecticides in Mice. ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol. 59:414-423.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88947
Chemical of Concern: MLN,PMR,PRN,MOM,CBL,DDT,DLD,NCTN,CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
363. Sherman, M. and Herrick, R. B. (1972). Chronic Toxicity and Fly Control from Feeding S 4087 (0,p-
Cyanophenyl 0-Ethyl Phenylphosponothioate) to Laying Hens. Poult.Sci. 51: 1064-1066.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38747; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH.REP.GRO; Rejection Code: NO
COC(CPY).
364. Sherrard, R. M., Bearr, J. S., Murray-Guide, C. L., Rodgers, J. H. Jr., and Shah, Y. T. (2004).
Feasibility of Constructed Wetlands for Removing Chlorothalonil and Chlorpyrifos from Aqueous
Mixtures. Emiron.Pollut. 127: 385-394.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92742
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CTN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(CPY,CTN).
365. Shim, J. C. and Self, L. S. (1973). Toxicity of Agricultural Chemicals to Larvivorous Fish in Korean
Rice Fields. TropMed. 15: 123-130.
EcoReferenceNo.: 8977
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,HCCH,MLN,CP Y,MP,Naled,PCP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PCP,MLN),NO
CONTROL(CPY,Naled,MP),OK(24DXY,HCCH).
366. Sidorenko, 0. D. and Aristarkhova, V. I. (1976). Effect of a Chlorinated Mixture of Pyridines on the
Microflora of Inundated Soil. Inst.Mikrobiol, Moscow, USSR 5: 125-131 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReferenceNo.: 54197
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY).
367. Siegfried, B. D. (1993). Comparative Toxicity of Pyrethroid Insecticides to Terrestrial and Aquatic
Insects. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 12: 1683-1689.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9304
Chemical of Concern: BFT,CPY,CYP,PMR,PYT; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CYP,BFT),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(CPY).
368. Simmon, V. F., Mitchell, A. D., and Jorgenson, T. A. (1977). Evaluation of Selected Pesticides as
Chemical Mutagens In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. EPA-600/1-77-028, U.S.EPA, Res.Triangle Park,
NC 238 p. (NTIS/PB-268647).
EcoReferenceNo.: 71394
Chemical of Concern:
SZ,PRT,PRN,Folpet,BMC,CCA,Captan,CPY,DSMA,FNTH,AZ,MLN,MOM,MP,PCN,TFN; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: REP.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(MLN,Captan,Folpet,MP,BMC),OK(PRT,PRN,CCA,DSMA,FNTH,AZ,MOM,PCN,TFN),N
0 ENDPOINT(SZ),NO IN VITRO(CPY).
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369. Simwat, G. S. and Dhawan, A. K. (1993). Phytotoxic Effect of Spraying Mixtures of Systemic and
Contact Insecticides on Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 63: 390-392.
EcoReferenceNo.: 75555
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,ACP,ES,DM,DMT,PPHD,FNV,CYP; Habitat: T: Rejection Code:
NO MIXTURE(ALL CHEMS),TARGET(CBL),NO CROP(FNV),TARGET(CPY).
370. Singhal, R. N., Sarnat, H. B., and Davies, R. W. (1989). Unimpaired RNA Synthesis in Neurons and
Epithelial Cells in a Freshwater Leech Exposed to the Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos.
Sci.TotalEnviron. 83: 195-202.
EcoReference No.: 3187
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
371. Sinha, P. K., Pal, S., Kumar, K., Triar, S. B., and Singh, R. (1986). Thiodicarb, an Effective
Molluscicide for Grazer Snails of Blue Green Algae. J.Entomol.Res. 10: 116-118.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9
Chemical of Concern: ES,PRT,TDC,CBL,DZ,CP Y,CBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ,CBF,PRT,TDC),OK(ES),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
372. Sjogren, R. D. and Mulla, M. S. (1968). Drip Application of Three Organophosphorus Insecticides for
Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 28: 172-177.
EcoReference No.: 4750
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ABT,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
373. Smith, G. N., Watson, B. S., and Fischer, F. S. (1967). Investigations on Dursban Insecticide.
Metabolism of (36C1) 0,0-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate in Rats.
J.Agric.FoodChem. 15: 132-138.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93763
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
374. Smith, G. N., Watson, B. S., and Fischer, F. S. (1967). Investigations on Dursban Insecticide.
Metabolism of 0,0-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-
Pyridinol in Plants. J.Agric.FoodChem. 15:870-877.
EcoReference No.: 45508
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(CPY).
375. Smith, G. N., Watson, B. S., and Fischer, F. S. (1967). Investigations on Dursban Insecticide. Uptake
and Translocation of [36C1] 0,0-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate and [14C]
0,0-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate by Beans and Corn . J.Agric.FoodChem.
15: 127-131.
EcoReference No.: 46082
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
376. Smith, G. N., Watson, B. S., and Fischer, F. S. (1966). The Metabolism of [14C] 0,0-Diethyl 0-
-------
(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate (Dursban) in Fish. J.Econ.Entomol. 59: 1464-1475.
EcoReference No.: 4874
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
377. Sokolov, I. M. (2000). How Does Insecticidal Control of Grasshoppers Affect Non-target Arthropods?
In: J.A.Lockwood, et al. (Eds.), Grasshoppers and Grassland Health, Kluwer Acad.Publ, Netherlands
181-192.
EcoReference No.: 69704
Availability: UR
Number of Volumes: ENV
Chemical of Concern: FPN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
378. Sparks, A. N. Jr. (1993). Evaluation of Insecticide Efficacy for SPWF Control on Cucurbits, 1992.
InsecticAcaric. Tests 18: 129-130.
EcoReference No.: 83300
Chemical of Concern: ES,EFV,CYH,ACP,FYC,CPY,FPP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: OK(ES),NO MIXTURE(EFV,CYH,ACP,FYC,CPY,FPP),NO COC(MCPPl).
379. Sparks, S. E., Quistad, G. B., and Casida, J. E. (1998). Organophosphorus Pesticide-Induced
Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition and Potentiation of Succinylcholine Toxicity in Mice.
J.Biochem.Mol.Toxicol. 13: 113-118.
EcoReference No.: 93119
Chemical of Concern: DMT,CBL,PRN,PFF,TBF,CPY,EPH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(DMT,CBL,TBF,CPY).
380. Srivastav, A. K., Srivastava, S. K., and Srivastava, A. K. (1997). Response of Serum Calcium and
Inorganic Phosphate of Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, to Chlorpyrifos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 58: 915-921.
EcoReference No.: 17984
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
381. Srivastava, S. K., Tiwari, P. R., and Srivastav, A. K. (1990). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Kidney of
Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45: 748-751.
EcoReference No.: 3492
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
382. Srivastava, S. K., Tiwari, P. R., and Srivastav, A. K. (1990). Histological Alterations in the Liver
Architecture of a Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, After Chlorpyrifos Exposure. Ada
Hydrochim.Hydrobiol. 18(2): 279-282.
EcoReference No.: 253
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
383. Srivastava, S. K., Tiwari, P. R., and Srivastava, A. K. (1989). Chlorpyrifos - Induced Histological
Changes in the Gill of Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Bol.Fisiol.Anim. (S.Paulo) 13: 23-
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28.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9660
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
384. Steevens, J. A. and Benson, W. H. (2001). Toxicokinetic Interactions and Survival of Hyalella azteca
Exposed to Binary Mixtures of Chlorpyrifos, Dieldrin, and Methyl Mercury. Aquat.Toxicol. 51: 377-
388.
EcoReferenceNo.: 60145
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DLD,Hg; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(Hg,CPY,DLD).
385. Stevens, M. M. (1991). Insecticide Treatments Used Against a Rice Bloodworm, Chironomus tepperi
(Diptera: Chironomidae): Toxicity and Residual Effects in Water. J.Econ.Entomol. 84: 795-800.
EcoReference No.: 45075
Chemical of Concern: TCF,MLN,CP Y,DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TCF,MLN,CPY,DZ).
386. Stevens, M. M., Helliwell, S., and Warren, G. N. (1998). Fipronil Seed Treatments for the Control of
Chironomid Larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Aerially-Sown Rice Crops. Field Crops Res. 57: 195-
207.
EcoReferenceNo.: 60146
Chemical of Concern: FPN,MLN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.POP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(FPN,MLN),NO CONTROL(CPY).
387. Stevens, M. M. and Warren, G. N. (1995). Control of Chironomid Larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in
Establishing Rice Crops Using Starch-Based Chlorpyrifos Pellets. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 11: 206-
210.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18433
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
388. Stevens, M. M. and Warren, G. N. (1992). Insecticide Treatments Used Against a Rice Bloodworm,
Chironomus tepperi (Diptera: Chironomidae): Suppression of Larval Populations. J.Econ.Entomol. 85:
1606-1613.
EcoReference No.: 45076
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,MLN,TCF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DZ),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,CPY,TCF).
389. Stevenson, J. H. (1978). The Acute Toxicity of Unformulated Pesticides to Worker Honey Bees (Apis
melliferaL.). PlantPathol. 27:38-40.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38931
Chemical of Concern: OXD,PIM,EN,DLD,DZ,DDT,CPY,RSM,DMB,CBL,CMD,HCCH; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS,TARGET-DZ,CBL).
390. Stewart, J. P. (1977). Synergism of Chlorpyrifos by DBF in the Control of Organophosphorus
Resistant Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Larvae, with Notes on Synergism of Parathion and Fenthion.
In: Proc.Pap.Annu.Calif.Conf.Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. 132-133.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 16202
Chemical of Concern: TBF,FNTH,CPY,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(TBF),NO CONTROL(CPY).
391. Stoltz, R. L. and Matteson, N. A. (1992). Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests
17: 285(125F).
EcoReference No.: 79793
Chemical of Concern: ADC,TBO,CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ADC,TBO,CPY,CBF),TARGET(CPY).
392. Straus, D. L. and Chambers, J. E. (1995). Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Aliesterases of
Fingerling Channel Catfish by Chlorpyrifos, Parathion, and S,S,S-Tributyl Phosphorotrithioate.
Aquat.Toxicol. 33: 311-324.
EcoReference No.: 16122
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TBF,CPY).
393. Straus, D. L., Schlenk, D., and Chambers, J. E. (2000). Hepatic Microsomal Desulfuration and
Dearylation of Chlorpyrifos and Parathion in Fingerling Channel Catfish: Lack of Effect from Aroclor
1254. Aquat.Toxicol. 50: 141-149 .
EcoReference No.: 65785
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN,PCB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY),NO RESIDUE(PCB).
394. Strickland, R. K., Gerrish, R. R., Hourrigan, J. L., and Czech, F. P. (1970). Chloropyridyl
Phosphorothioate Insecticide as Dip and Spray :Efficacy Against Psoroptes ovis, Dermal Toxicity for
Domesticated Animals, Selective Carryout, and Stability in the Dipping Vat. Am. J. Vet.Res. 31:2135-
2143.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38980
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY.ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
395. Strickman, D. (1985). Aquatic Bioassay of 11 Pesticides Using Larvae of the Mosquito, Wyeomyia
smithii (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 35: 133-142.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11480
Chemical of Concern: DDT,HPT,CPY,MLN,TMP,CBL,MOM,PPX,PMR,RSM,SMT; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DDT,HPT,CPY,MLN,TMP,CBL,MOM,PPX,PMR,RSM,SMT).
396. Studt, D. M. and Jennings, V. M. (1975). Corn Herbicide Evaluations Across Iowa in 1975. P Nc Wd
CC30: 146-150.
EcoReferenceNo.: 25016
Chemical of Concern: ACR,BTY,ATZ,CZE,MBZ,PCH,CPY,DMB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: TARGET(ATZ),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
397. Subburaju, S. and Selvarajan, V. R. (1989). Chlorpyrifos Induced Changes in the Metabolites of the
Brain of the Edible Fish Tilapia mossambica (Peters). Zool.Jahrb.Abt.Allg.Zool.Physiol.Tiere 93: 389-
395.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3313
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
398. Subburaju, S. and Selvarajan, V. R. (1988). Effect of Acute Toxic Concentration of Chlorpyrifos on
the Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Different Regions of the Brain of Edible Fish, Tilapia. Indian
J.Comp.Anim.Physiol. 6: 86-89.
EcoReference No.: 749
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
399. Sud, K. C., Verma, B. C., Lai, S. S., and Chandla, V. K. (1998). Influence of Organophosphate
Pesticides on Potato Nutrition in Shimla Hills. J.Indian Potato Assoc. 25: 46-49.
EcoReference No.: 78910
Chemical of Concern: PRT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
400. Sukhoruchenko, G. I. and Tolstova, Y. S. (1981). Contemporary Insectoacaricides and the Resources
of Their Selectivity for Beneficial Arthropods. Entomol.Obozr. 60: 745-753.
EcoReference No.: 39001
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDT,DCF,PSM,DMT,PHSL,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
401. Sutler, G. R., Branson, T. F., Fisher, J. R., Elliott, N. C., and Jackson, J. J. (1989). Effect of Insecticide
Treatments on Root Damage Ratings of Maize in Controlled Infestations of Western Corn Rootworms
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 82: 1792-1798.
EcoReference No.: 79091
Chemical of Concern: PRT,EP,CPY,DBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
402. Szeto, S. and Sundaram, K. M. S. (1981). Residues of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in Balsam Fir Foliage,
Forest Litter, Soil, Stream Water, Sediment and Fish Tissue After Double Aerial Applications of
Reldan. J.Environ.Sci.HealthPartB 16: 743-766.
EcoReference No.: 66046
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: ACC.GRO: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPYM).
403. Tadros, M. S. and Carey, W. F. (1984). Effect of a Single Application of Chlorpyrifos on Soil
Microarthropods Existing in a Turf Plot, with Reference to Existing Residues of Chlordane, Dursban,
and DDT. Acarol.fProc.M.Congr.Acarol], 2: 941-950.
EcoReference No.: 93321
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CHD,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
404. Tagatz, M. E., Gregory, N. R., and Plaia, G. R. (1982). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Field- and
Laboratory-Developed Estuarine Benthic Communities. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 10: 411-421.
EcoReference No.: 3610
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
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405. Takeuchi, S., Matsuda, T., Kobayashi, S., Takahashi, T., and Kojima, H. (2006). In Vitro Screening of
200 Pesticides for Agonistic Activity via Mouse Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor
(PPAR)alpha and PPARgamma and Quantitative Analysis of In Vivo Induction Pathway.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 217: 235-244.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89206
Chemical of Concern:
AND,HCCH,Captan,CHD,CTN,DDT,DBN,DCF,DLD,ES,EN,Folpet,HPT,MXC,PCP,ACF,ACFM,DF
PM,FZFB,OXF,ACP,ANL,CPY,CPYM,DZ,DDVP,DMT,DS,SZ,TFR,MP,PZM,ATZ,DMT; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL; Rejection Code: OK(ILL,PYN,DFPM),NO IN VITRO(ALL CHEMS).
406. Talekar, N. S., Sun, L. T., Lee, E. M, Chen, J. S., Lee, T. M, and Lu, S. (1977). Residual Behavior of
Several Insecticides on Chinese Cabbage. J.Econ.Entomol. 70: 689-692.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93840
Chemical of Concern: MDT,DZ,CBF,CPYM,FNT,MLO,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CDZ,CBF,CPYM,MLN,MLO).
407. Tanaka, A., Masago, H., Karino, K., and Ujie, A. (1983). Determination of Trace Agrochemicals in
Water and Toxicity of Agrochemicals to Fish. 2. Toxicity of Decomposition Products From UV-
Irradiated Organophosphorus Agents in Water. C.A.Sel.-Environ.Pollut.l8:4 (1984) /Gunma-Ken
Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Nenpo 15: 119-122.
EcoReference No.: 12241
Chemical of Concern: DZ,MLN,CP YM,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN).
408. Tang, J. X. and Siegfried, B. D. (1996). Bioconcentration and Uptake of a Pyrehtroid and
Organophosphate Insecticide by Selected Aquatic Insect. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 57: 993-998.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18226
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
409. Tang, J. X. and Siegfried, B. D. (1995). Comparative Uptake of a Pyrethroid and Organophosphate
Insecticide by Selected Aquatic Insects. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 55: 130-135.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14956
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,PYT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
410. Tashiro, H. and Kuhr, R. J. (1978). Some Factors Influencing the Toxicity of Soil Applications of
Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon to European Chafer Grubs. J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 904-907.
EcoReferenceNo.: 54739
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
411. Tawfik, M. S. and Gooding, R. H. (1970). Dursban and Abate Clay Granules for Larval Mosquito
Control in Alberta . Mosq.News 30: 461-464.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13958
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
412. Tejada, A. W., Varca, L. M., Ocampo, P., Bajet, C. M., and Magallona, E. D. (1994). Fate and
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Residues of Pesticides in Paddy Rice Production in the Philippines. Environ.Toxicol.South East Africa
145-156.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93421
Chemical of Concern: ES,CBF,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CBF,CPY).
413. Thayer, A. and Ruber, E. (1976). Previous Feeding History As a Factor in the Effects of Temephos and
Chlorpyrifos on Migration of Gammarus fasciatus (Amphipoda, Crustacea). Mosq.News 36(4):429-
432 (Used 5164 As ReJ).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5166
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
414. Thirugnanam, M. and Forgash, A. J. (1977). Environmental Impact of Mosquito Pesticides: Toxicity
and Anticholinesterase Activity of Chlorpyrifos to Fish in a Salt Marsh Habitat.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 5: 415-425.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5143
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
415. Thomas, P. A. (1969). Dursban Insecticide for the Professional Pest Control Operator. Down Earth
25: 26-33.
EcoReference No.: 46043
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR.GRO; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
416. Thompson, A. H., Barnes, C. L., and Mathews, D. A. (1970). Injection of Dursban Spray Emulsion at
Half Mile Intervals Controls Mosquitoes & Chironomid Larvae in Large Drainage Channels.
Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. 38: 76-78.
EcoReferenceNo.: 16818
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
417. Thompson, A. R. (1971). Effects of Nine Insecticides on the Numbers and Biomass of Earthworms in
Pasture. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 5: 577-586.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35491
Chemical of Concern: CBF,EN,CPY,CBL,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CBF,CPY,CBL)//NO pH, OM.
418. Thompson, A. R. (1973). Persistence of Biological Activity of Seven Insecticides in Soil Assayed with
Folsomia Candida. J.Econ.Enthomol. 66: 855-857 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReferenceNo.: 56391
Chemical of Concern: CBF,DLD,DZ,PRT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
419. Thompson, A. R. and Gore, F. L. (1972). Toxicity of Twenty-Nine Insecticides to Folsomia Candida:
Laboratory Studies. J.Econ.Entomol. 65: 1255-1260.
EcoReference No.: 40474
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Chemical of Concern:
CBL,HCCH,AND,AZ,DDT,DLD,MOM,EN,PRN,MP,DS,CBF,DZ,CPY,CHD,PRT,FNT,ADC,FNF,H
PT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS)//OK
CONCRESP (ecossl)//.
420. Thompson, H. M, Walker, C. H., and Hardy, A. R. (1991). Inhibition of Avian Esterases by
Organophosphorus Insecticides: Problems of Reactivation and Storage.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 20: 509-513.
EcoReference No.: 64118
Chemical of Concern: DEM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
COC(OXD),NO ENDPOINT(DEM,CPY).
421. Tilak, K. S., Veeraiah, K., and Kumari, G. V. R. (2001). Histopathological Changes Observed in the
gill Tissue of the fish Labeo rohita Exposed to Chloropyrifos. J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Monit. 11: 267-
270.
EcoReference No.: 82013
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
422. Timchalk, C., Busby, A., Campbell, J. A., Needham, L. L., and Barr, D. B. (2007). Comparative
Pharmacokinetics of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos and Its Major Metabolites
Diethylphosphate, Diethylthiophosphate and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in the Rat. Toxicology 237:
145-157.
EcoReference No.: 93298
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
423. Timchalk, C., Poet, T. S., Hinman, M. N, Busby, A. L., and Kousba, A. A. (2005). Pharmacokinetic
and Pharmacodynamic Interaction for a Binary Mixture of Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon in the Rat.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 205: 31-42.
EcoReference No.: 80327
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
424. Timchalk, C., Poet, T. S., and Kousba, A. A. (2006). Age-Dependent Pharmacokinetic and
Pharmacodynamic Response in Preweanling Rats Following Oral Exposure to the Organophosphorus
Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Toxicology 220: 13-25.
EcoReference No.: 93538
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.PHY.MOR.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
425. Tones, S. J. and Tompsett, A. A. (1990). Tolerance of Narcissus Cultivars to Bulb-Immersion
Treatments with Chlorpyrifos. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 11:74-75.
EcoReference No.: 64124
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .REP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
426. Tsai, S. C. (1978). Control of Chironomids in Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Ponds with Abate (Temephos)
Insecticide . Tram.Am.Fish.Soc. 107: 493-499.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 5687
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
427. Tsuda, T., Aoki, S., Inoue, T., and Kojima, M. (1994). Accumulation and Excretion of Pesticides Used
as Insecticides or Fungicides in Agricultural Products by the Willow Shiner Gnathopogon
caerulescens. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 107: 469-473.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58469
Chemical of Concern: EP,BDC,PIM,MP,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.BEH: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(MP,CPYM).
428. Tsuda, T., Aoki, S., Kojima, M., and Fujita, T. (1992). Accumulation and Excretion of Pesticides Used
in Golf Courses by Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Willow Shiner (Gnathopogon caerulescens).
Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 101: 63-66.
EcoReferenceNo.: 60169
Chemical of Concern: SZ,Captan,CTN,CP Y,IPD,ACC; Habitat: A; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(SZ,Captan,CTN,CPY,IPD,ACC).
429. Tsuda, T., Kojima, M., Harada, H., Nakajima, A., and Aoki, S. (1997). Relationships of
Bioconcentration Factors of Organophosphate Pesticides Among Species of Fish.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 116: 213-218.
EcoReference No.: 19012
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DS,DZ,MDT,FNTH,FNT,IFP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,DS,DZ,MDT,FNTH,FNT,IFP).
430. Turnbull, A. B., Harrison, R. M., Williams, R. J., Matthiessen, P., Brooke, D. N, Sheahan, D. A., and
Mills, M. (1997). Assessment of the Fate of Selected Adsorptive Pesticides at ADAS Rosemaund.
Water Environ.Manag. 11: 24-30.
EcoReferenceNo.: 60171
Chemical of Concern: TFN,DM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TFN,DM,CPY).
431. U.S.Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (1965). Unpublished Laboratory Data (Chlorpyrifos/Dursban 12-
20-65). U.S.EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, FL 1 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56466
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: NOC,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
432. U.S.Department of the Interior (1966). Effects of Pesticides. Quarterly Rep.,Jan.l-Mar.31, 1966,
Fish Wildl.Serv., Bur.Comm.Serv., U.S.D.I., Biol.Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 17 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 16673
Chemical of Concern:
HCCH,CCA,FBM,Maneb,Zineb,Ziram,As,PRO,ABT,CPY,PRN,PPHD,DDT,MTAS,EDT,DMB,24D
XY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,ACC,BCM,REP; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL
CHEMS),NO ENDPOINT(DDT).
Usha, K. and Kandasamy, C. (1986). Comparative Toxicity of Certain Pesticides to the Honey Bee
ApisindicaF. Entomol.Ser. 1:31-35.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93339
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Chemical of Concern: DM,CBL,CPY,ES,MOM,FNV,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CBL,CPY,MOM,FNV,CYP).
434. Valencia, R. (1977). Mutagenesis Screening of Pesticides 'Drosophila'. EPA Rep. 68-01-2474 71 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90924
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,AZ,BMC,Captan,CBF,CPY,DEM,DMT,FNTH,Folpet,MLN,MOM,MXC,PRN,SID,SZ,TCF,TF
N; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL,MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS),
TARGET (DMT)TARGET(CPY).
435. Varies, S. M. and Yu, S. J. (1996). Detection and Biochemical Characterization of Insecticide
Resistance in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 89: 21-26.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92698
Chemical of Concern: BDC,PPY,CPY,CYP,PMR,TBF,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM;
Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(PPB,TBF),NO CONTROL(TARGET-CPY,CYP,PMR).
436. Van den Brink, P. J., Van Donk, E., Gylstra, R., Crum, S. J. H., and Brock, T. C. M. (1995). Effects of
Chronic Low Concentrations of the Pesticides Chlorpyrifos and Atrazine in Indoor Freshwater
Microcosms. Chemosphere 31: 3181-3200.
EcoReferenceNo.: 16152
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ATZ),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
437. Van der Wei, H. and Welling, W. (1989). Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase in Guppies (Poecilia
reticulata) by Chlorpyrifos at Sublethal Concentrations: Methodological Aspects.
Ecotoxicol.Emiron.Saf. 17: 205-215.
EcoReference No.: 488
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
438. Van Donk, E., Abdel-Hamid, M. I., Faafeng, B. A., and Kallqvist, T. (1992). Effects of Dursban 4E
and Its Carrier on Three Algal Species During Exponential and P-Limited Growth. Aquat.Toxicol. 23:
181-192.
EcoReferenceNo.: 6158
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
439. Van Donk, E., Prins, H., Voogd, H. M., Crum, S. J. H., and Brock, T. C. M. (1995). Effects of Nutrient
Loading and Insecticide Application on the Ecology of Elodea-Dominated Freshwater Microcosms. I.
Responses of Plankton and. Arch.Hydrobiol. 133:417-439.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17335
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
440. Van Wijngaarden, R. and Leeuwangh, P. (1989). Relation Between Toxicity in Laboratory and Pond:
An Ecotoxicological Study with Chlorpyrifos. Meded.Fac.Landbouwkd.Toegep.Biol. Wet.Univ.Gent
54: 1061-1069.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3237
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR,REP; Rejection Code: NO
-------
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
441. Verma, K. V. S. and Rahman, S. J. (1984). Determination of Minimum Lethal Time of Commonly
Used Mosquito Larvicides. J.Commun.Dis. 16: 162-164.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3661
Chemical of Concern: FNV,PMR,PIRM,TMP,FNTH,CPY,CYP,DCM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
442. Villar, D., Li, M. H., and Schaeffer, D. J. (1993). Toxicity of Organophosphorus Pesticides to Dugesia
dorotocephala. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 80-87.
EcoReferenceNo.: 6817
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MLN,CPY,MP).
443. Wall, W. J. Jr. and Marganian, V. M. (1971). Control of Culicoides melleus (Coq.) (Diptera:
Ceratopogonidae) with Granular Organophosphorus Pesticides, and the Direct Effect on Other Fauna.
Mosq.News 31: 209-214.
EcoReference No.: 4800
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,ABT,FNTH,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(DZ,CPY,ABT,FNTH,MLN).
444. Wall, W. J. Jr. and Marganian, V. M. (1973). Control of Salt Marsh Culicoides and Tabanus Larvae in
Small Plots with Granular Organophosphorus Pesticides, and the Direct Effect on Other Fauna.
Mosq.News 33: 88-93.
EcoReference No.: 60858
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,FNTH,ABT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
445. Wallace, R. R., West, A. S., Downe, A. E. R., and Hynes, H. B. N. (1973 ). The Effects of
Experimental Blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larviciding With Abate, Dursban, and Methoxychlor on
Stream Invertebrates. Can.Entomol. 105:817-831.
EcoReference No.: 2803
Chemical of Concern: ABT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
446. Wang, D., Luo, Y., Sun, J., Du, D., Wang, C., Zhou, X., and Xue, C. (2005). The Use of Complexes of
Algae Polysaccharides and Ce4+ to Degrade Compounds Containing Peptides or Phosphate Ester
Bonds. Carbohydr.Polym. 62: 1-5.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92605
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
447. Wang, J., Lu, S., Chen, R., and Wang, L. (1998). Relative Fitness of Three Organophosphate-Resistant
Strains of Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae). J.Med.Entomol. 35: 716-719.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93305
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP.MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
448. Wang, L., Jiang, X., Yan, D., Wu, J., Bian, Y., and Wang, F. (2007). Behavior and Fate of
-------
Chlorpyrifos Introduced into Soil-Crop Systems by Irrigation. Chemosphere 66: 391-396.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92482
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
449. Wang, Q., Cheng, J.-A., Liu, Z.-M., Wu, S.-G., Zhao, X.-P., and Wu, C.-X. (2005). Influences of
Insecticides on Toxicity and Cuticular Penetration of Abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Sci.
12: 109-119.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93106
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PPB,EFV,DZ,FPP,HFR,ABM,CPY,CYH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TBF),OK(PPB),NO MIXTURE(TARGET-
CPY,EFV,DZ).
450. Ward, S., Arthington, A. H., and Pusey, B. J. (1995). The Effects of a Chronic Application of
Chlorpyrifos on the Macroinvertebrate Fauna in an Outdoor Artificial Stream System: Species
Responses. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 30: 2-23.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14224
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
451. Washino, R. K., Ahmed, W., Linn, J. D., and Whitesell, K. G. (1972). Rice Field Mosquito Control
Studies with Low Volume Dursban Sprays in Colusa County, California. IV. Effects upon Aquatic
Nontarget Organisms. Mosq.News 32: 531-537 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 7416
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: POP.MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
452. Washino, R. K., Whitesell, K. G., and Womeldorf, D. J. (1968). The Effect of Low Volume
Application of Dursban on Non-Target Organisms. Down Earth 24: 21-22.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13567
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
453. Waters, M. D., Sandhu, S. S., Simmon, V. F., Mortelmans, K. E., Mitchell, A. D., Jorgenson, T. A.,
Jones, D. C. L., Valencia, R., and Garrett, N. E. (1982). Study of Pesticide Genotoxicity. Basic Life
Sci. 21:275-326.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89613
Chemical of Concern: AZ,Captan,CPY,DEM,EN,MLN,MP,SID,24DXY,Maneb,MXC,BMC; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
454. Weaver, J. E. (1992). Control of Cicada Killer with Individual Burrow Sprays, 1990. In:
A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entmol.Soc.ofAm., Lanham, MD
336.
EcoReference No.: 79258
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CYH,CPY,PPX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALLCHEMS,TARGET(CYF,CPY)).
455. Webb, D. R. and Eckenrode, C. J. (1991). Pesticide Evaluations to Selected Insect Pest of Beans, 1990.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 54-55 (5E).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 91149
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY,Captan,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,ENDPOINT(ACP,CPY,Captan,EFV).
456. Webb, D. R. and Eckenrode, C. J. (1991). Seed Maggot Control, 1990. Iwectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 55-
56 (6E).
EcoReference No.: 76611
Chemical of Concern: Captan,CPY,CYP,CYR,IZP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(Captan,CPY,CYP,CYR,IZP).
457. Wilder, W. H. and Schaefer, C. H. (1969). Organophosphorus Resistance Levels in Adults and Larvae
of the Pasture Mosquito, Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow) in the San Joaquin Valley of California.
Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 37: 64-67.
EcoReference No.: 67461
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY,FNTH; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
458. Winterlin, W. L., Moilanen, K., and Burgoyne, W. E. (1968). Residues of DURSBAN Insecticide
Following Mosquito Control Applications. Down Earth 34-37.
EcoReference No.: 67469
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
459. Yap, H. H. and Ho, S. C. (1977). Evaluation of Dursban and Dowco 214 as Mosquito Larvicides in
Rice-Fields. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health 8: 63-70.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14808
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,CPYM).
460. Yokoyama, T., Saka, H., Fujita, S., and Nishiuchi, Y. (1988). Sensitivity of Japanese Eel, Anguilla
japonica, to 68 Kinds of Agricultural Chemicals. Bull.Agric.Chem.Insp.Stn. 28: 26-33 (JPN) (ENG
ABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 8570
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,Captan,CBL,CTN,DMT,DS,DZ,FO,HXZ,MDT,MLN,MOM,PPG,PSM,TET,CYP,FVL,PMR,TF
R,Cu,CuS,PCP,IZP,MCPPl,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
FOREIGN(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(CPY,HXZ).
461. Yu, Y. L., Wu, X. M., Li, S. N, Fang, H., Zhan, H. Y., and Yu, J. Q. (2006). An Exploration of the
Relationship Between Adsorption and Bioavailability of Pesticides in Soil to Earthworm.
Emiron.Pollut. 141: 428-433.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93539
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BTC,MYC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
462. Zhong, C. G., Carvalho, F. P., Zhang, Y.-Q., Chen, S. H., and Zhao, X. K. (1998). Accumulation and
Metabolism of 14C-Parathion, 14C-Chlorpyrifos and 14C-Butachlor in Marine Tilapia oreochromise
sp. Trop.Oceanol. 17: 12-29.
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EcoReference No.: 72230
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BTC,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
463. Zhong, C. G., Liu, J. X, Chen, S.-H., Zhao, X. K., and Yan, Y. Y. (1998). Accumulation and
Elimination of 14C-BHC, 14C-Chloropyrifos and 14C-Chlorodimeform in Some Marine Bivalves.
Trop.Oceanol. 17: 52-58.
EcoReference No.: 72226
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
464. Zhong, C. G., Shi, J., Chen, S. H., Zhao, X. K., and Jiang, S. G. (1998 ). Accumulation of 14C-
Chlorpyrifos, 14C-Lindane and 14C-Butachlor in Paphia undulata. Trop.Oceanol. 17: 36-43.
EcoReference No.: 72228
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CPY,BTC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
465. Zulkifli, M, Tejada, A. W., and Magallona, E. D. (1983). The Fate of BPMC and Chlorpyrifos in
Some Components of Paddy Rice a Ecosystem. Philipp.Entomol. 6: 555-565.
EcoReference No.: 69805
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
F.3.: Full List of Papers Accepted by ECOTOX and OPP from the 2008 ECOTOX Run:
1. Aamodt, S., Konestabo, H. S., Sverdrup, L. E., Gudbrandsen, M., Reinecke, S. A., Reinecke, A. J., and
Stenersen, J. (2007). Recovery of Cholinesterase Activity in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida Savigny
Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 26: 1963-1967.
EcoReference No.: 93975
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.ACC.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
2. Abbasi, S. A. and Soni, R. (1991). Evaluation of Water Quality Criteria for Four Common Pesticides on the
Basis of Computer-Aided Studies. Indian J.Environ.Health 33: 22-24.
EcoReference No.: 61878
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,ES,PHSL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY),OK(ES,PHSL).
3. Ahmad, M. M., Ahmad, M. M., and Sarvat, S. (1993). Effects of Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos on the
Reproductive Organs and Sex Hormones of Neonatal Rats. Pak.J.Zool. 25: 11-14.
EcoReference No.: 101456
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ES).
4. Aldridge, J. E. (2005). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos: Effects on the Serotonergic System.
Ph.D.Thesis, Duke Univ., Raleigh, NC 139 p.
EcoReference No.: 95963
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.PHY.BEH.CEL: Rejection Code:
-------
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
5. All, D., Nagpure, N. S., Kumar, S., Kumar, R., and Kushwaha, B. (2008). Genotoxicity Assessment of Acute
Exposure of Chlorpyrifos to Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) Using Micronucleus Assay and
Alkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis. Chemosphere 71: 1823-1831.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101153
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
6. Amer, S. M. and Fahmy, M. A. (1982). Cytogenetic Effects of Pesticides: I. Induction of Micronuclei in
Mouse Bone Marrow by the Insecticide Dursban. Mutat.Res. 101: 247-255.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101331
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
7. Amin, A. M. and Peiris, H. T. R. (1990). Detection and Selection of Organophosphate and Carbamate
Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Saudi Arabia. Med. Vet.Entomol. 4: 269-273.
EcoReference No.: 101101
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TMP,FNTH,FNT,PIRM,MLN,PPX; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,TMP),OK(MLN).
8. Amweg, E. L. and Weston, D. P. (2007). Whole-Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation Tools for
Pyrethroid Insecticides: I. Piperonyl Butoxide Addition. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 26: 2389-2396.
EcoRef erence No.: 101733
Chemical of Concern: F A,CdCl,BFT,PPB,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
9. Anderson, B. S., Phillips, B. M., Hunt, J. W., Connor, V., Richard, N, and Tjeerdema, R. S. (2006). Identifying
Primary Stressors Impacting Macroinvertebrates in the Salinas River (California, USA): Relative
Effects of Pesticides and Suspended Particles. Environ.Pollut. 141: 402-408.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90039
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,BFT,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,PMR,DZ).
10. Antognelli, C., Baldracchini, F., Piazzoli, A., Frosiini, R., Talesa, V., and Giovannini, E. (2006). Activity
Changes of Glyoxalase System Enzymes and Glutathione-S-Transferase in the Bivalve Mollusc
Scapharca Inaequivalvis Exposed to the Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 86:
72-77.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90040
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
11. Anwar, T., Tahir, S., Ahmad, I., Khan, M. F., Naqvi, S. M. H. M., and Akhtar, S. (2005). Acute Toxicity and
Sub-Lethal Effect of Selected Pesticides on Fresh Water Fish. J.Exp.Zool.India 8: 417-424.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88286
Chemical of Concern: C YP,CPY,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CYP,CPY,MP).
12. Atallah, Y. H. and Ishak, M. M. (1971). Toxicity of Some Commonly Used Insecticides to the Snail
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Biomphalaria alexandrina, Intermediate Host of Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt. Z.Angew.Entomol.
69: 102-106.
EcoReference No.: 6332
Chemical of Concern: DDT,MP,CBL,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MP,CBL,CPY),OK(DDT).
13. Atkins, E. L. (1972). Rice Field Mosquito Control Studies with Low Volume Dursban Sprays in Colusa County,
California. V. Effects Upon Honey Bees. Mosq.News 32: 538-541.
EcoReference No.: 70245
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
14. Atterberry, T. T., Burnett, W. T., and Chambers, J. E. (1997). Age-Related Differences in Parathion and
Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in Male Rats: Target and Nontarget Esterase Sensitivity and Cytochrome P450-
Mediated Metabolism. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 147: 411 -418.
EcoReference No.: 100590
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
15. Awadallah, S. M. (1997). Teratogenic Effects of Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos on Chick Embryo.
Akx.Sci.Exchange J. 18: 287-296.
EcoReference No.: 72830
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.MOR.GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CYP,CPY).
16. Belden, J. B. and Lydy, M. J. (2001). Effects of Atrazine on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Midges
(Chironomus tentans) Exposed to Organophosphorus Insecticides. Chemosphere 44: 1685-1689.
EcoReference No.: 62046
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,PRN,MLN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ATZ,MLN,CPY),OK(PRN).
17. Bennett, R. S. (1989). Role of Dietary Choices in the Ability of Bobwhite to Discriminate Between Insecticide-
Treated and Untreated food. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 8: 731-738.
EcoReference No.: 39691
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.MOR.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MP,CPY).
18. Blakley, B. R., Yole, M. J., Brousseau, P., Boermans, H., and Fournier, M. (1999). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on
Immune Function in Rats. Vet.Hum. Toxicol. 41:140-144.
EcoReference No.: 101343
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
19. Bloomquist, J. R. and Klein, B. G. (2003). Insecticide Exposure in Parkinsonism. Annual Report. 1 Jan 2002 -
31 Dec 2003. Virginia Polytechnic Imt.and State Univ.Blacksburg, VA 61p. (ADA16958).
EcoReference No.: 97331
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
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20. Bonning, B. C., Hemingway, J., Romi, R., and Majori, G. (1991). Interaction of Insecticide Resistance Genes in
Field Populations of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Italy in Response to Changing
Insecticide Selection Pressure. Bull.Entomol.Res. 81: 5-10.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100896
Chemical of Concern: PPX,MLN,TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,TMP),OK(MLN).
21. Booth, L. H., Hodge, S., and O'Halloran, K. (2001). Use of Biomarkers in Earthworms to Detect Use and Abuse
of Field Applications of a Model Organophosphate Pesticide. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 67: 633-
640.
EcoReference No.: 63600
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
22. Brewer, S. K. and Atchison, G. J. (1999). The Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Cholinesterase Activity and Foraging
Behavior in the Dragonfly, Anax junius (Odonata). Hydrobiologia 394: 201-208.
EcoReference No.: 68927
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
23. Bringolf, R. B., Cope, W. G., Barnhart, M. C., Mosher, S., Lazaro, P. R., and Shea, D. (2007). Acute and
Chronic Toxicity of Pesticide Formulations (Atrazine, Chlorpyrifos, and Permethrin) to Glochidia and
Juveniles of Lampsilis siliquoidea. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 26: 2101-2107.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99469
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(PMR,ATZ,CPY).
24. Bushnell, P. J., Kelly, K. L., and Ward, T. R. (1994). Repeated Inhibition of Cholinesterase by Chlorpyrifos in
Rats: Behavioral, Neurochemical and Pharmacological Indices of Tolerance. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.
270: 15-25.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101526
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.BEH.CEL: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
25. Bushnell, P. J., Pope, C. N, and Padilla, S. (1993). Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Acute
Chlorpyrifos in Rats: Tolerance to Prolonged Inhibition of Cholinesterase. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.
266: 1007-1017.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101525
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.BEH.PHY; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
26. Carr, R. L., Straus, D. L., and Chambers, J. E. (1995). Inhibition and Aging of Channel Catfish Brain
Acetylcholinesterase Following Exposure to Two Phosphorothionate Insecticides and Their Active
Metabolites. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 45: 325-336.
EcoReference No.: 67666
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY,CP YO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO).
27. Carter, F. L. (1971). 'In Vivo' Studies of Brain Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Organophosphate and
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Carbamate Insecticides in Fish. Ph.D.Thesis, Louisiana State Univ. and Agric. and Mechanical
College, LA 202 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14034
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MOM,CBF,AZ,ADC,DCTP,MP,MLN,CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BCM,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(AZ,CBL,CBF,MOM,ADC,MLN,MP,CPY,DCTP).
28. Carvajal, F., Lopez-Grancha, M., Navarro, M., Sanchez-Amate, M. D. C., and Cubero, I. (2007). Long-Lasting
Reductions of Ethanol Drinking, Enhanced Ethanol-Induced Sedation, and Decreased c-fos Expression
in the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus in Wistar Rats Exposed to the Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos.
Toxicol.Sci. 96:310-320.
EcoReferenceNo.: 96654
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ETHN,SAC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(SAC).
29. Castro, B. A., Riley, T. J., and Leonard, B. R. (1995). Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Red
Imported Fire Ant in Grain Sorghum, 1994. ArthropodManag.Tests 20: 232-233 (110F).
EcoReference No.: 101148
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EFV,PRT,TBO,HCCH,TFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,GRO;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,TBO),OK(EFV,PRT,HCCH,TFT).
30. Cetin, N, Cetin, E., Eraslan, G., and Bilgili, A. (2007). Chlorpyrifos Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in Rabbits.
Res.Vet.Sci. 82:405-408.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92599
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
31. Chakraborti, T. K., Farrar, J. D., and Pope, C. N. (1993). Comparative Neurochemical and Neurobehavioral
Effects of Repeated Chlorpyrifos Exposures in Young and Adult Rats. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav.
46: 219-224.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101330
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
32. Chanda, S. M. (1995). Comparative Maternal and Developmental Neurotoxicity Following Gestational
Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Rats. Ph.D.Thesis, Northeast Louisiana Univ, Monroe,LA 118 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101286
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
33. Chanda, S. M., Harp, P., Liu, J., and Pope, C. N. (1995). Comparative Developmental and Maternal
Neurotoxicity Following Acute Gestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Rats.
J.Toxicol.Emiron.Health 44: 189-202.
EcoReference No.: 101333
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
34. Chanda, S. M. and Pope, C. N. (1996). Neurochemical and Neurobehavioral Effects of Repeated Gestational
Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Maternal and Developing Rats. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 53: 771-776.
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 101433
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.BEH.CEL; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
35. Chandrasekera, L. K. H. U. and Pathiratne, A. (2005). Response of Brain and Liver Cholinesterases of Nile
Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to Single and Multiple Exposures of Chlorpyrifos and Carbosulfan.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 75: 1228-1233.
EcoReferenceNo.: 94103
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
36. Chapman, J. (1985). Development of Model Stream Ecosystem to Monitor the Fate and Effects of Persistent
Organic Molecules. M.S.Thesis, Michigan State Univ.MI 88 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97793
Chemical of Concern: DLD,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
37. Chaudhuri, J., Chakraborti, T. K., Chanda, S., and Pope, C. N. (1993). Differential Modulation of
Organophosphate-Sensitive Muscarinic Receptors in Rat Brain by Parathion and Chlorpyrifos.
J.Biochem.Toxicol. 8: 207-216.
EcoReference No.: 101431
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
38. Cheng, H. H. (1980). Darksided Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Field Evaluation of Pyrethroid
Insecticides for Protection of Tobacco in Ontario. Tobacco Int. 182: 64-66.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100381
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,FNV,PMR,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PMR,CPY),OK(CYP,FNV,PFF).
39. Chiappa, S., Padilla, S., Koenigsberger, C., Moser, V., and Brimijoin, S. (1995). Slow Accumulation of
Acetylcholinesterase in Rat Brain During Enzyme Inhibition by Repeated Dosing with Chlorpyrifos.
Biochem.Pharmacol. 49: 955-963.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101430
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
40. Given, M., Brown, C. B., and Morin, R. J. (1977). Effects of Organophosphate Insecticides on Adrenal
Cholesteryl Ester and Steroid Metabolism. Biochem.Pharmacol. 26: 1901-1907.
EcoReference No.: 36173
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO.BEH.BCM; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
41. Clements, R. 0., Bentley, B. R., and Asteraki, E. J. (1990). Origin of Frit-Fly (Oscinella spp.) Attack on Newly
Sown Grass, Effect of Pesticides on Frit-Fly Larvae and Benefit of Using Glyphosate Herbicide Pre-
Ploughing. CropProt. 9: 105-110.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97168
Chemical of Concern: PRT,Captan,CBD,FNF,CPY,GYPI; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY;
-------
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PRT,CPY),NO MLXTURE(Captan,GYPI).
42. Daam, M. A. and Van den Brink, P. J. (2007). Effects of Chlorpyrifos, Carbendazim, and Linuron on the
Ecology of a Small Indoor Aquatic Microcosm. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 53: 22-35.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101436
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBD,LNR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,LNR).
43. Dembele, K., Haubruge, E., and Gaspar, C. (2000). Concentration Effects of Selected Insecticides on Brain
Acetylcholinesterase in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 45: 49-54.
EcoReference No.: 48634
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CBF,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DZ,CBF,CPY).
44. Di Martino, E. and Romeo, M. (1987). Effects of the Distribution of Chlorpyrifos on the Lemon. In:
R.Cavalloro and E.Di Martino (Eds.), Integrated Pest Control in Citrus Groves, Experts' Meeting,
March 26-29, 1985, Ariceale, Italy 455-458.
EcoReference No.: 64642
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
45. Dow Chemical Co. (2000). The Clinical Toxicity of Dursban in the Dog After Multiple Applications of an
Aerosol Formulation (Final Report) with Cover Sheet Dated 121668. EPA/OTSDoc.#86-890001108s
21 p. (NTIS/OTS 0520248).
EcoReferenceNo.: 93326
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.CEL.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
46. El-Merhibi, A., Kumar, A., and Smeaton, T. (2004). Role of Piperonyl Butoxide in the Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos
to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 57: 202-212.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73373
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PPB,CuS; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(PPB,CPY,CuS).
47. El-Sebae, A. H., Ahmed, N. S., and Soliman, S. A. (1978). Effect of Pre-Exposure on Acute Toxicity of
Organophosphorus Insecticides to White Mice. J.Environ.Sci.Health PartB 13: 11-24.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101191
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,TVP).
48. El-Shenawy, N. S., Abdel-Nabi, I. M., Moawad, T. I., and Taha, I. A. (2003). Physiological and Behavioural
Responses of Ruditapes decussatus to Roundup and Reldan. Egypt.J.Biol. 5: 108-119.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101434
Chemical of Concern: GYP,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM),OK(GYP).
49. Failloux, A. B., Ung, A., Raymond, M., and Pasteur, N. (1994). Insecticide Susceptibility in Mosquitoes
(Diptera: Culicidae) from French Polynesia. J.Med.Entomol. 31: 639-644.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 94523
Chemical of Concern: PPX,FNT,DM,MLN,PMR,TMP,FNTH,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,TMP),OK(MLN).
50. Fikes, J. D., Zachary, J. F., Parker, A. J., and Beasley, V. R. (1992). Clinical, Biochemical, Electrophysiologic,
and Histologic Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Induced Delayed Neuropathy in the Cat. Neurotoxicology
13: 663-678.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101531
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
51. Furutsu, M, Koyama, Y. I., Kusakabe, M, and Takahashi, S. (1997). Preventive Effect of the Extract of Du-
Zhong (Tochu) Leaf and Ginseng Root on Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos.
Jpn.J.Toxicol.Environ.Health43: 92-100.
EcoReferenceNo.: 72917
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
52. Gaffar, S. A. (1994). Management of Phyllody Through Vector Control in Mustard Crop. J.Insect Sci. 7: 14-15.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93250
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,ES,FNV,PHSL,OXD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(OXD,CPY),TARGET(DMT,FNV).
53. Goel, A., Chauhan, D. P., and Dhawan, D. K. (2000). Protective Effects of Zinc in Chlorpyrifos Induced
Hepatotoxicity. A Biochemical and Trace Elemental Study. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 74: 171-183.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100360
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ZnS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ZnS,CPY).
54. Goel, A., Dani, V., and Dhawan, D. K. (2005). Protective Effects of Zinc on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant
Enzymes and Hepatic Histoarchitecture in Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity. Chem.-Biol.Interact. 156:
131-140.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86700
Chemical of Concern: ZnS,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.PHY.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,ZnS).
55. Goel, A., Dani, V., and Dhawan, D. K. (2007). Zinc Mediates Normalization of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing
Enzymes in Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity. Toxicol.Lett. 169:26-33.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92619
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ZnS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,ZnS).
56. Gold, R., Howell, H., and Summerlin, B. (1996). Field Evaluation of Eradicator for Fire Ant Control, 1992.
ArthropodManag.Tests 21: 387 (4J).
EcoReferenceNo.: 100277
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PMR,CPY).
57. Gordon, C. J., Grantham, T. A., and Yang, Y. (1997). Hypothermia and Delayed Fever in the Male and Female
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Rat Exposed to Chlorpyrifos. Toxicology US: 149-158.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101428
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
58. Gordon, C. J. and Rowsey, P. J. (1998). Delayed Febrile Effects of Chlorpyrifos: Is There Cross-Tolerance to
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide? Toxicology 130: 17-28.
EcoReference No.: 101427
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
59. Gordon, C. J. and Rowsey, P. J. (2000). Role of Vagal Afferents in the Mediation of Chlorpyrifos-Induced
Fever in the Rat. J.Therm.Biol. 25: 91-97.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93295
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCMGRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
60. Gordon, C. J. and Yang, Y. L. (2000). Chlorpyrifos-Induced Hypothermia and Vasodilation in the Tail of the
Rat: Blockade by Scopolamine. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 87: 6-10.
EcoRef erence No.: 101530
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BEH; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
61. Gul, A. (2005). Investigation of Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus
L.) Larvae. Chemosphere 59: 163-166 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 80952
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM,CPY).
62. Haas, P. J., Buck, W. B., Hixon, J. E., Shanks, R. D., Wagner, W. C., Weston, P. G., and Whitmore, H. L.
(1983). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Holstein Steers and Testosterone-Treated Holstein Bulls.
Am.J.Vet.Res. 44:879-881.
EcoReferenceNo.: 36944
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
63. Hansen, D. J., Matthews, E., Nail, S. L., and Dumas, D. P. (1972). Avoidance of Pesticides by Untrained
Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 8: 46-51.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5147
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CBL,EN,MLN,CPY,24DXY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DDT,CBL,EN,MLN).
64. Hansen, D. J., Schimmel, S. C., and Keltner, J. M. Jr. (1973). Avoidance of Pesticides by Grass Shrimp
(Palaemonetes pugio). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 9: 129-133.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5146
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CBL,CPY,MLN,DDT,EN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,CPY),OK(DDT,EN),NO ENDPOINT(24DXY,MLN).
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65. Heath, R. G. , Spann, J. W., Hill, E. F., and Kreitzer, J. F. (1972). Comparative Dietary Toxicities of Pesticides
to Birds. U.S.Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.Special Scientific Report-Wildlife No. 152 57 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35214
Chemical of Concern:
TMP,AND,AMTL,ATZ,PPX,Captan,CHL,CHD,TCF,24DXY,DDT,24DB,DDW,DEM,DEZ,DBN,D
CF,DLD,DS,CU,CPY,DMT,SZ,FNF,ES,EN,TXP,FNT,FNTH,AZ,HPT,PSM,HCCH,MLN,MCPB,MT
AS,MOM,MXC,MP,MRX,Nabam,Naled,OXC,PRN,PCP,PRT,PPHD,PCL,TFM,THM,PPG,CMPH,0
XD,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(PRT,PPG,PSM,DS,CBL,DZ,ATZ,SZ,DMT,MLN,MP,Captan,Naled,CMPH,TMP,OXD,CPY
,EP).
66. Hegazi, M. A. M. (1989). Brain Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Juvenile Catfish (Clarias lazera) Induced by
Chronic Dursban Intoxication. DeltaJ.Sci. 13:455-468.
EcoReference No.: 72842
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
67. Hemming, J. M. and Waller, W. T. (2004). Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Toxicity to the Freshwater Asiatic Clam,
Corbicula fluminea Muller, and the Estuarine Hooked Mussel, Ischadium recurvum Rafinesque.
Fla.Sci. 67: 1-8.
EcoReferenceNo.: 84369
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DZ,CPY).
68. Hoepting, C. A., Scott-Dupree, C. D., Harris, C. R., Ritcey, G., and McDonald, M. R. (2000). Evaluation of
Insecticide and Fungicide Combinations for the Control of Onion Maggot (Delia antiqua) and Onion
Smut (Urocystis cepulae) in Ontario. BCPC Conf.-Pests & Dis. 1: 279-284.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97443
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYR,MZB,FPN,CYF,THM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CYR,MZB),NO MIXTURE(THM,CYF).
69. Holbrook, F. R. (1982). Evaluations of Three Insecticides Against Colonized and Field-Collected Larvae of
Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 75: 736-737.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101155
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(TMP,CPY,FNTH).
70. Hooser, S. B., Beasley, V. R., Sundberg, J. P., and Harlin, K. (1988). Toxicologic Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos in
Cats. Am.J.Vet.Res. 49: 1371-1375.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101329
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
71. Hossain, Z., Haldar, G. C., and Mollah, M. F. A. (2000). Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Cadusafos and
Diazinon to Three Indian Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) Fingerlings.
Bangladesh J.Fish.Res. 4: 191-198.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86097
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(DZ,CPY).
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72. Imai, C., Yamugi, H., and Panjaitan, W. (1987). Efficacy of Several Larvicides in Laboratory and Field Tests
Against Anopheles sundaicus in a Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Jpn.J.Sanit.Zool. 38: 93-102.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100311
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNTH,TMP,MTPN,FNT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TMP,CPY),OK(MTPN).
73. Jacobsen, H., Ostergaard, G., Lam, H. R., Poulsen, M. E., Frandsen, H., Ladefoged, 0., and Meyer, 0. (2004).
Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats with a Mixture of Five Pesticides Often
Found as Residues in Food: Alphacypermethrin, Bromopropylate, Carbendazim, Chlorpyrifos and
Mancozeb. FoodChem.Toxicol. 42: 1269-1277.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90929
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CBD,CPY,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
ACC,GRO,MOR,BEH,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO
MIXTURE(MZB,CYP,CBD).
74. Jameson, R. R., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2007). Nonenzymatic Functions of Acetylcholinesterase
Splice Variants in the Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphates: Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos
Oxon, and Diazinon. Environ.HealthPerspect. 115:65-70.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100306
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,DZ),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
75. Jett, D. A. and Navoa, R. V. (2000). In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Glutathione Peroxidase and
Catalase in Developing Rat Brain. Neurotoxicology 21: 141-145.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101529
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
76. Johnson, J. W. and Wise, J. C. (1995). Apple, Treatment Combinations for Season Long Broad Spectrum
Insect Control, 1994. ArthropodManag.Tests 20: 26-28 (37A).
EcoReferenceNo.: 98018
Chemical of Concern: AZ,PSM,ES,CPY,ACP,FPP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(AZ),NO MIXTURE(PSM,ES,ACP).
77. Kacham, R., Karanth, S., Baireddy, P., Liu, J., and Pope, C. (2006). Interactive Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and
Parathion in Neonatal Rats: Role of Esterases in Exposure Sequence-Dependent Toxicity.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 210: 142-149.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93535
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PRN,CPY).
78. Karunaratne, S. H. P. P. (1999). Insecticide Cross-Resistance Spectra and Underlying Resistance Mechanisms
of Sri Lankan Anopheline Vectors of Malaria. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health 30: 460-
469.
EcoReference No.: 67077
Chemical of Concern: MLN,PMR,CPY,PPX,DDT,CYP,DM,LCYT; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes:
MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(PMR,MLN,CYP).
79. Khan, S. M. and Kour, G. (2007). Subacute Oral Toxicity of Chlorpyriphos and Protective Effect of Green Tea
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Extract. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 89: 118-123 .
EcoReference No.: 101426
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
80. Kikuchi, M, Sasaki, Y., and Wakabayashi, M. (2000). Screening of Organophosphate Insecticide Pollution in
Water by Using Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 47: 239-245.
EcoRef erence No.: 96171
Chemical of Concern: BPZ,CBL,PIRM,FNTH,MLN,IFP,FNT,DDVP,DZ,CPYM,CPY; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYM),NO PUBL AS(DZ).
81. Knight, R. L. and Rust, M. K. (1990). Repellency and Efficacy of Insecticides Against Foraging Workers in
Laboratory Colonies of Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 1402-1408.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99749
Chemical of Concern: HPT,CYP,PMR,PPX,BDC,DZ,CYF,CPY,CHD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PMR,DZ,CPY),OK(CYP,CYF).
82. Lakshmi, V. J., Katti, G., Krishnaiah, N. V., and Lingaiah, T. (1997). Laboratory Evaluation of Commercial
Neem Formulations vis-a-vis Insecticides Against Egg Parasitoid, Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead
(Hymonoptera: Trichogrammatidae). J.Biol.Control 11: 29-32.
EcoRef erence No.: 100115
Chemical of Concern: FAZ,AZD,CPY,ECN,NATS,RKK,NMO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
REP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FAZ,AZD,CPY,ECN,NATS,RKK,NMO).
83. Lassiter, T. L., Barone, S. Jr., Moser, V. C., and Padilla, S. (1999). Gestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos: Dose
Response Profiles for Cholinesterase and Carboxylesterase Activity. Toxicol.Sci. 52: 92-100.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101425
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
84. Lee, S. M., Lee, S. B., Park, C. H., and Choi, J. (2006). Expression of Heat Shock Protein and Hemoglobin
Genes in Chironomus tentans (Diptera, Chironomidae) Larvae Exposed to Various Environmental
Pollutants: A Potential Biomarker of Freshwater Monitoring. Chemosphere 65: 1074-1081.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90390
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BAP,EED,NYP,FNT,ES,CTC,PAQT,CdCl,PbN,K2Cr207 ; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: GRO,CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(EED,CPY),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO
COC(PYR).
85. Lein, D. H., Maylin, G. A., Hillman, R. B., Rebhun, W. C., Henion, J. D., and Ebel, J. G. Jr. (1982).
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban 44) Toxicity in Dairy Bulls. Cornell Vet. 72: 1-58.
EcoReferenceNo.: 37678
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY.BEH.BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
86. Li, K., Chen, L. Q., Li, E. C., and Zhou, Z. K. (2006). Acute Toxicity of the Pesticides Chlorpyrifos and
Atrazine to the Chinese Mitten-Handed Crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 77:
918-924.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97350
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Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ATZ,CPY).
87. Li, W. F., Furlong, C. E., and Costa, L. G. (1995). Paraoxonase Protects Against Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in Mice.
Toxicol.Lett. 76: 219-226.
EcoReference No.: 101424
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYO),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
88. Lim, K. P., Yule, W. N, and Harris, C. R. (1980). The Toxicity of Ten Insecticides to Third Stage Grubs of
Phyllophaga anxia (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Phytoprotection 61: 55-60.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100602
Chemical of Concern: FNF,DZ,DLD,CPY,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(DZ,DLD,TBO),OK(FNF).
89. Liu, H., Cupp, E. W., Guo, A., and Liu, N. (2004). Insecticide Resistance in Alabama and Florida Mosquito
Strains of Aedes albopictus. J.Med.Entomol. 41: 946-952.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99823
Chemical of Concern: SS,PMR,DM,CP Y,MLN,PPX,IMC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(SS,PMR,DM,CPY,MLN,PPX,IMC).
90. Liu, J. and Pope, C. N. (1996). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on High-Affinity Choline Uptake and
[3H]Hemicholinium-3 Binding in Rat Brain. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 34: 84-90.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101423
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
91. Lockley, T. C. (1991). Evaluation of Various Candidate Insecticides for Quarantine Treatments Against
Imported Fire Ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1990. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 257-258 (28G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 100273
Chemical of Concern: IFP,BDC,CBF,CPY,PMR,TFT,BFT,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PMR,CPY),OK(CBF,BFT,CYP).
92. Lockley, T. C. (1991). Tests of Candidates Insecticides for Imported Fire Ant (IF A) Quarantine Treatments in
Commercial Grass Sod, 1989. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 247-248 (11G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 99595
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,CYF,CPY,BFT,CYH,CYP,CEX,FNF,IZF,PMR,EP,IFP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(PMR,CPY,CEX),OK(CYF,BFT,CYP),NOENDPOINT(EP).
93. Lowe, J. I. (1965). Results of Toxicity Tests with Fishes and Macroinvertebrates. Unpublished Data, Data
Sheets Available from U.S.EPA Res.Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 81 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14574
Chemical of Concern:
DDT,PRN,TXP,CPY,DLD,AND,HPT,HCCH,CHD,MXT,TMP,ES,Naled,CBL,ATM,ETN,AZ,PRT,D
DVP,DZ,MLN,CTN,EN,PCB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,Naled,TMP),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(MLN,DZ).
94. Maguire, C. C. and Williams, B. A. (1987). Cold Stress and Acute Organophosphorus Exposure: Interaction
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Effects on Juvenile Northern Bobwhite. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 16: 477-481.
EcoReferenceNo.: 39749
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
95. Maguire, C. C. and Williams, B. A. (1987). Response of Thermal Stressed Bobwhite to Organophosphorus
Exposure. Environ.?ollut. 47: 25-39.
EcoReferenceNo.: 39628
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.MOR.GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
96. Mani, M. (1992). Contact Toxicity of Different Pesticides to the Encyrtid Parasitoids, Aenasius advena and
Blepyrus insularis of the Striped Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata. Trap.Pest Manag. 38: 386-390.
EcoReferenceNo.: 51860
Chemical of Concern:
DINO,CBD,CAP,MZB,Zineb,Ziram,DEM,CPY,DZ,DDW,FNTH,CBL,MLN,ES,MP,PHSL,DMT,DC
F,TDF,MLX,TFR,HCZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MLN,MP,CAP,MZB,TFR,DMT,Ziram,CPY).
97. Mansour, S. A. and Hassan, T. M. (1993). Pesticides and Daphnia. 3. An Analytical Bioassay Method, Using
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, for Measuring Extremely Low Concentrations of Insecticides in Waters.
Int.J.Toxicol.Occup.Environ.Health 2: 34-39.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100963
Chemical of Concern:
FNV,DCM,CYP,CYF,PFF,MOM,FPP,CPY,CBL,PIM,MTM,MLN,DMT,DFZ,AZ; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(PFF,CPY,MTM,AZ,DMT),OK(FNV,CYP,CYF,MOM,CBL,MLN).
98. Marable, B. R., Maurissen, J. P. J., Mattsson, J. L., and Billington, R. (2007). Differential Sensitivity of Blood,
Peripheral, and Central Cholinesterases in Beagle Dogs Following Dietary Exposure to Chlorpyrifos.
Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 47: 240-248.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92504
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
99. Markey, K. L., Baird, A. H., Humphrey, C., and Negri, A. P. (2007). Insecticides and a Fungicide Affect
Multiple Coral Life Stages. Mar.Ecol. 330: 127-137.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100575
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO,PFF,ES,CBL,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
REP,GRO,MOR,PHY,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYO,PFF,ES,CPY,PMR),OK(CBL).
100. Meyer, A., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2004). Developmental Effects of Chlorpyrifos Extend
Beyond Neurotoxicity: Critical Periods for Immediate and Delayed-Onset Effects on Cardiac and
Hepatic Cell Signaling. Environ.HealthPerspect. 112: 170-178.
EcoReferenceNo.: 98081
Chemical of Concern: SFL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO IN VITRO(SFL).
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101. Meyers, S. M, Marden, B. T., Bennett, R. S., and Bentley, R. (1992). Comparative Response of
Nestling European Starlings and Red-Winged Blackbirds to an Oral Administration of Either
Dimethoate or Chlorpyrifos. J.Wildl.Dis. 28: 400-406 .
EcoReference No.: 72659
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY).
102. Mezin, L. C. and Hale, R. C. (2004). Effect of Humic Acids on Toxicity of DDT and Chlorpyrifos to
Freshwater and Estuarine Invertebrates. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 23: 583-590.
EcoReference No.: 101422
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
103. Miyazaki, S. and Hodgson, G. C. (1972). Chronic Toxicity of Dursban and Its Metabolite, 3,5,6-
Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Chickens. ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol. 23: 391-398.
EcoReference No.: 37995
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCP; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
104. Mohan, E. M., Banupriya, C. A. Y., Anitha, K., Ramamoorthy, S., Filial, K. S., and
Balakrishnamurthy, P. (1998). Effect of Sublethal Dose of Chlorpyrifos 48% EC and Cypermethrin
25% EC in Wistar Rats. Pollut.Res. 17: 13-16.
EcoReference No.: 101523
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR.BCM.GRO; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CYP).
105. Mohora, M., Boghianu, L., Muscurel, C., Duta, C., and Georgescu, D. (2001). Influence of Selenium
on Redox State in Rat Liver Treated with Chlorpyrifos. Rom.J.Biophys. 11: 25-32.
EcoReference No.: 101332
Chemical of Concern: Se,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
106. Montagna, M. C. and Collins, P. A. (2007). Survival and Growth of Palaemonetes argentinus
(Decapoda; Caridea) Exposed to Insecticides with Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan as Active Element.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 53: 371-378.
EcoReference No.: 101421
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ES).
107. Moorthy, M. V., Chandrasekhar, S., and Chandran, V. R. (1982). A Note on Acute Toxicity of
Chlorpyriphos to the Fresh Water Fish Tilapia mossambica. Pesticides 16: 32.
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
108. Mortensen, S. R. (1998). Toxicodynamic and Toxicokinetic Factors Which may Influence the
Increased Sensitivity of Young Rats to Chlorpyrifos Relative to Adults. Ph.D. Thesis, Clemson Univ.,
Clemson, SC 106 p.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 100918
Chemical of Concern: CBL,ADC,CPYO,MLO,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,GRO;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO IN VITRO(CBL,ADC,MLO,CPYO).
109. Mount, G. A., Lowe, R. E., Baldwin, K. F., Pierce, N. W., and Savage, K. E. (1970). Ultra-Low
Volume Aerial Sprays of Promising Insecticides for Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 30: 342-346.
EcoReference No.: 2875
Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNT,FNTH,CPY; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,FNT,FNTH).
110. Mowat, D. J. and Jess, S. (1985). The Effect of Frit Fly (Oscinella frit) Control Measures on the
Establishment of Seedling Ryegrass (Lolium spp.). Ann.Appl.Biol. 107: 377-385.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97958
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),NO COC(GYP).
111. Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. (1978). Relative Susceptibility of StreamMacroinvertebrate to Temephos
and Chlorpyrifos, Determined in Laboratory Continuous-Flow Systems.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 7: 129-137.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5155
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPYM,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM,TMP,CPY).
112. Muscarella, D. E., Keown, J. F., and Bloom, S. E. (1984). Evaluation of the Genotoxic and
Embryotoxic Potential of Chlorpyrifos and Its Metabolites In Vivo and In Vitro. Environ.Mutagen. 6:
13-23.
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCP,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.CEL: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO,TCP).
113. Muto, M. A., Lobelle, F. Jr., Bidanset, J. H., and Wurpel, J. N. D. (1992). Embryotoxicity and
Neurotoxicity in Rats Associated with Prenatal Exposure to Dursban. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 34: 498-501.
EcoReference No.: 101342
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
114. Naddy, R. B. and Klaine, S. J. (2001). Effect of Pulse Frequency and Interval on the Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos to Daphnia magna. Chemosphere 45: 497-506 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 61962
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
115. Neely, W. B. and Blau, G. E. (1977). The Use of Laboratory Data to Predict the Distribution of
Chlorpyrifos in a Fish Pond. In: M.A.Q.Khan, (Ed.), Pesticides in Aquatic Environments 145-163.
EcoReference No.: 101019
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
116. Nelson, J. H., Pennington, N. E., and Meisch, M. V. (1976). Use of a Controlled-Release Material for
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Control of Ricefield Mosquitoes. Ark.FarmRes. 25: 9.
EcoReference No.: 66086
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
117. Overmyer, J. P., Armbrust, K. L., and Noblet, R. (2003). Susceptibility of Black Fly Larvae (Diptera:
Simuliidae) to Lawn-Care Insecticides Individually and as Mixtures. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 22:
1582-1588.
EcoReference No.: 71060
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MLN,CBL).
118. Owen, R., Buxton, L., Sarkis, S., Toaspern, M., Knap, A., and Depledge, M. (2002). An Evaluation of
Hemolymph Cholinesterase Activities in the Tropical Scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac, for the Rapid
Assessment of Pesticide Exposure. Mar.Pollut.Bull. 44: 1010-1017.
EcoReference No.: 66311
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
119. Padilla, S., Chiappa, S., Koenigsberger, C., Moser, V., and Brimijoin, S. (1995). Repeated Dosing with
Chlorpyrifos Increases Acetylcholinesterase Immunoreactivity in Rat Brain. In: D.M.Quinn (Ed.),
Proc.Int.Meet.Cholinesterase, Enzymes Cholinesterase Farm., 5thMeet., 1994, Plenum Plenum, New
York, NY337-343.
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
120. Pal, B., Mohapatra, D. K., Das, R., and Mohanty, R. C. (1999). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Scenedesmus
bijugatus. Pollut.Res. 18:479-482.
EcoReference No.: 72751
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
121. Pathiratne, A. and Athauda, P. (1998). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate to Fingerlings of the
Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Cholinesterase Inhibition. Sri Lanka J.Aquat.Sci. 3 : 77-84.
EcoReference No.: 69824
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(DMT,CPY).
122. Peiris, H. T. R. and Hemingway, J. (1990). Temephos Resistance and the Associated Cross-Resistance
Spectrum in a Strain of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) from Peliyagoda, Sri Lanka.
Bull.Entomol.Res. 80: 49-55.
EcoReference No.: 100276
Chemical of Concern: PMR,BDC,PPX,FNT,PIRM,PRN,MLN,CPY,FNTH,TMP; Habitat: AT;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PMR,MLN,CPY,TMP).
Pewnim, T. and Seifert, J. (1993). Structural Requirements for Altering the L-Tryptophan Metabolism
in Mice by Organophosphorous and Methylcarbamate Insecticides.
Eur.J.Pharmacol.Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol.Sect. 248: 237-241.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 101024
Chemical of Concern: TCF,CPYM,MLN,DZ,PIRM,DCTP,MP,PFF,EPRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,PFF,CPYM,DCTP),OK(MLN,PIRM).
124. Phillips, T. A., Wu, J., Summerfelt, R. C., and Atchison, G. J. (2002). Acute Toxicity and
Cholinesterase Inhibition in Larval and Early Juvenile Walleye Exposed to Chlorpyrifos.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1469-1474.
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
125. Pope, C. N, Chakraborti, T. K., Chapman, M. L., and Farrar, J. D. (1992). Long-Term Neurochemical
and Behavioral Effects Induced by Acute Chlorpyrifos Treatment. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 42 :
251-256.
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
126. Powell, J. E., King, E. G. Jr., and Jany, C. S. (1986). Toxicity of Insecticides to Adult Microplitis
croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 1343-1346.
EcoReference No.: 91911
Chemical of Concern: SPS,FYT,FNV,MP,CPY,AZ,MLN,PMR,TXP,DCTP,MOM; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ALL CHEMS).
127. Radford, B. J. and Allsopp, P. G. (1987). Use of Insecticides and a Press Wheel to Control Soil Insects
Affecting Sorghum and Sunflower Establishment in Southern Queensland. J.Aust.Entomol.Soc. 26:
161-167.
EcoReference No.: 64369
Chemical of Concern: HPT,CPY,TBO,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,TBO).
128. Rahman, M. F., Mahboob, M., Danadevi, K., Banu, B. S., and Grover, P. (2002). Assessment of
Genotoxic Effects of Chloropyriphos and Acephate by the Comet Assay in Mice Leucocytes.
Mutat.Res. 516: 139-147.
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Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ACP,CPY).
129. Rakotondravelo, M. L., Anderson, T. D., Charlton, R. E., and Zhu, K. Y. (2006). Sublethal Effects of
Three Pesticides on Activities of Selected Target and Detoxification Enzymes in the Aquatic Midge,
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EcoReferenceNo.: 95879
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DDT,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ATZ).
130. Rao, J. V., Pavan, Y. S., and Madhavendra, S. S. (2003). Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Morphology
and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Ecotoxicol.Environ. Saf. 54: 296-
301.
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EcoReference No.: 69664
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.CEL.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
131. Reding, M. E. and Beers, E. H. (1994). Campylomma Control, 1993. ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 37
(26A).
EcoReference No.: 100741
Chemical of Concern: DZ,ES,CPY,FTTCI; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,CPY),OK(ES).
132. Reid, B. L. andKlotz, J. H. (1992). Oral Toxicity of Various Insecticides, 1990-1991.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 376 (6J).
EcoReference No.: 100275
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CPY,ABM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PMR,CPY).
133. Richards, S. M., Anderson, T. A., Hooper, M. J., McMurry, S. T., Wall, S. B., Awata, H., Mayes, M.
A., and Kendall, R. J. (2000). European Starling Nestling Response to Chlorpyrifos Exposure in a
Corn Agroecosystem. Toxicol.Environ.Chem. 75: 215-234.
EcoReference No.: 64826
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.GRO.BCM.REP.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
134. Richards, S. M. and Kendall, R. J. (2002). Biochemical Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Two Developmental
Stages of Xenopus laevis. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1826-1835.
EcoReference No.: 68227
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
135. Rodrigues, C. S., Molloy, D., and Kaushik, N. K. (1983). Laboratory Evaluation of Microencapsulated
Formulations of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Against Black Fly Larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Selected.
Can.Entomol. 115: 1189-1201.
EcoReference No.: 11650
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYM,CPY).
136. Roy, T. S., Andrews, J. E., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (1998). Chlorpyrifos Elicits Mitotic
Abnormalities and Apoptosis in Neuroepithelium of Cultured Rat Embryos. Teratology 58: 62-68.
EcoReference No.: 93418
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
137. Ruber, E. and Baskar, J. (1968). Sensitivities of Selected Microcrustacea to Eight Mosquito Toxicants.
In: Proc.N.J.Mosq.Exterm.Assoc. 55: 99-103.
EcoReference No.: 15690
Chemical of Concern: TMP,DDT,CPY,MLN,CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(TMP,MLN,CBL).
138. Rust, M. K., Haagsma, K., and Reierson, D. A. (1996). Barrier Sprays to Control Argentine Ants
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(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 89: 134-137 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 99750
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,CYP,CYF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PMR,CPY),OK(CYF,CYP).
139. Sandahl, J. F., Baldwin, D. H., Jenkins, J. J., and Scholz, N. L. (2005 ). Comparative Thresholds for
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Behavioral Impairment in Coho Salmon Exposed to Chlorpyrifos.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24: 136-145 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 80431
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
140. Selvi, M, Sarikaya, R., Erkoc, F., and Kocak, 0. (2005). Investigation of Acute Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl on Guppy Poecilia reticulata. Chemosphere 60: 93-96.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80964
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM,CPY).
141. Sherman, M. and Herrick, R. B. (1973). Fly Control and Chronic Toxicity from Feeding Dursban
(0,0-Diethyl 0-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate) to Laying Hens. Poult.Sci. 52: 741-747.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38746
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ENV.MOR.REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
142. Sherrard, R. M., Murray-Guide, C. L., Rodgers, J. H. Jr., and Shah, Y. T. (2002). Comparative
Toxicity of Chlorothalonil and Chlorpyrifos: Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas.
Environ.Toxicol. 17: 503-512.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101293
Chemical of Concern: CTN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(CTN).
143. Shi, W. B., Jiang, Y., and Feng, M. G. (2005). Compatibility of Ten Acaricides with Beauveria
bassiana and Enhancement of Fungal Infection to Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Eggs by Sublethal Application Rates of Pyridaben. Appl.Entomol.Zool. 40: 659-666.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99183
Chemical of Concern: PPG,DCF,CPY,PRB,HTX,AMZ,ABM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PPG,DCF).
144. Singh, M., Bullock, R. C., and Eger, J. E. (1987). Compatibility of Chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E) with
Several Herbicides as Tank-Mix. Proc.Fla.State Hortic.Soc. 99: 48-51.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101399
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PAQT,GYPI,OYZ,NFZ,SZ,AMTR,DU,BMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PAQT,AMTR),TARGET(NFZ,OYZ,GYPI,SZ),NOMIXTURE(DU,BMC).
145. Slotkin, T. A. and Seidler, F. J. (2007). Comparative Developmental Neurotoxicity of
Organophosphates In Vivo: Transcriptional Responses of Pathways for Brain Cell Development, Cell
Signaling, Cytotoxicity and Neurotransmitter Systems. Brain Res.Bull. 72: 232-274.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 100305
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,DZ).
146. Smith, C. R., Funke, B. R., and Schulz, J. T. (1978). Effects of Insecticides on Acetylene Reduction by
Alfalfa, Red Clover and Sweetclover. Soil Biol.Biochem. 10: 463-466.
EcoReference No.: 64478
Chemical of Concern: CBF,ADC,PSM,CBL,CPY,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PSM,CPY,TBO),OK(ADC,CBF,CBL).
147. Soler-Rodriguez, F., Miguez-Santiyan, M. P., Reja-Sanchez, A., Roncero-Cordero, V., and Garcia-
Cambero, J. P. (1998). Recovery of Brian Acetylcholinesterase and Plasma Cholinesterase Activities
in Quail (Coturnix coturnix) After Chlorpyriphos Administration and Effect of Pralidoxime Treatment.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 17: 1835-1839.
EcoReferenceNo.: 54368
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.BCM.PHY.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
148. Soliman, M. M. M., Kwaiz, F. A. M., and Shalby, S. E. M. (2007). Efficiency of Certain Miscible Oils
and Chlorpyriphos Methyl Insecticide Against the Soft Scale Insect, Kilifia acuminata Signoret
(Homoptera: Coccidae) and Their Toxicities on Rats. Arch.Phytopathol.Plant Prot. 40: 237-245.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100854
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.POP.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM).
149. Song, X., Seidler, F. J., Saleh, J. L., Zhang, J., Padilla, S., and Slotkin, T. A. (1997). Cellular
Mechanisms for Developmental Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos: Targeting the Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling
Cascade. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 145: 158-174.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101292
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
150. Spomer, S. M., Haile, F. J., and Higley, L. G. (1999). Alfalfa Insect Control, 1998. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 24: 203-206 (F13).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88271
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(PMR,CPY),OK(CYF,CBF).
151. Stall, W. M. and Bewick, T. A. (1992). Sweet Corn Cultivars Respond Differentially to the Herbicide
Nicosulfuron. Hortscience 27: 131-133.
EcoReference No.: 69008
Chemical of Concern: TBO,CPY,NSF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,TBO).
152. Stanton, M. E., Mundy, W. R., Ward, T., Dulchinos, V., and Barry, C. C. (1994). Time-Dependent
Effects of Acute Chlorpyrifos Administration on Spatial Delayed Alternation and Cholinergic
Neurochemistry in Weanling Rats. Neurotoxicology 15: 201-208.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101527
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BEH.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
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EVAL CODED(CPY).
153. Steelman, C. D., Craven, B. R., and Villavaso, E. J. (1969). Control of Southern House Mosquito
Larvae in Louisiana Papermill Log Ponds. J.Econ.Entomol. 62: 1152-1154.
EcoReferenceNo.: 66018
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
154. Thankamoni Amma, V. G. and Konar, S. K. (1996). Pollutional Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Fish, Fish
Food Organisms and Water Quality. Environ.Ecol. 14: 723-730.
EcoReferenceNo.: 54793
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP.MOR.BEH.CEL.PHY.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
155. Thomas, J., Phadke, K. G., and Verma, S. (1994). Efficacy of Some Insecticides Against Mustard
Aphids, Safety to Predator, Pollinator and Persistence of Residues on Rapeseed Mustard Crop.
Shashpa 1: 39-44.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93303
Chemical of Concern: OXD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(OXD,CPY).
156. Thompson, H. M., Walker, C. H., and Hardy, A. R. (1988). Avian Esterases as Indicators of Exposure
to Insecticides - The Factor of Diurnal Variation. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 41: 4-11.
EcoReferenceNo.: 39786
Chemical of Concern: DEM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,DEM).
157. Tierney, K., Casselman, M., Takeda, S., Farrell, T., and Kennedy, C. (2007). The Relationship
Between Cholinesterase Inhibition and Two Types of Swimming Performance in Chlorpyrifos-
Exposed Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 26: 998-1004.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101435
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
158. Tilak, K. S., Veeraiah, K., and Rao, D. K. (2005). The Effect of Chlorpyrifos, an Organophosphate in
Acetyl Cholinesterase Activity in Freshwater Fishes. J.Environ.Biol. 26: 73-77.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93850
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
159. Tilak, K. S., Veeraiah, K., and Rao, D. K. (2004). Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Chlorpyrifos in
Indian Carp Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton), and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton).
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 73: 933-941 .
EcoReference No.: 101291
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
160. Tu, C. M. ( 1980). Influence of Five Pyrethroid Insecticides on Microbial Populations and Activities in
Soil. Microb.Ecol. 5: 321-327.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 99642
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CBF,CPY,Maneb,NTP,FPP,CYP,FNV,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PMR,CBF,CPY,Maneb,NTP,FPP,CYP,FNV,DM).
161. Van den Brink, P. J. (2002). Ecological and Statistical Evaluation of Effects of Pesticides in
Freshwater Model Ecosystems. Ph.D.Thesis., Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands 178
p. (NTIS/PB2002103713).
EcoReferenceNo.: 96385
Chemical of Concern: LNR,CPY,CBD; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.GRO.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(LNR,CPY).
162. Van der Hoeven, N. and Gerritsen, A. A. M. (1997). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Individuals and
Populations of Daphnia pulex in the Laboratory and Field. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 2438-2447.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18477
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: NOC,POP,MOR,PHY; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
163. Varo, I., Amat, F., Navarro, J. C., Barreda, M., Pitarch, E., and Serrano, R. (2006). Assessment of the
Efficacy of Artemia sp (Crustacea) Cysts Chorion as Barrier to Chlorpyrifos (Organophosphorus
Pesticide) Exposure. Effect on Hatching and Survival. Sci.Total Environ. 366: 148-153.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92494
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
164. Vatandoost, H., Shahi, H., Abai, M. R., Hanafi-Bojd, A. A., Oshaghi, M. A., and Zamani, G. (2004).
Larval Habitats of Main Malaria Vectors in Hormozgan Province and Their Susceptibility to Different
Larvicides. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health 35: 22-25.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100987
Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNT,CPY,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(TMP,CPY),OK(MLN).
165. Venkateswara Rao, J., Kavitha, P., Jakka, N. M., Sridhar, V., and Usman, P. K. (2007). Toxicity of
Organophosphates on Morphology and Locomotor Behavior in Brine Shrimp, Artemia salina.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 53: 227-232.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100777
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY,PFF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.BEH.MOR.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,PFF).
166. Verslycke, T., Roast, S. D., Widdows, J., Jones, M. B., and Janssen, C. R. (2004). Cellular Energy
Allocation and Scope for Growth in the Estuarine Mysid Neomysis integer (Crustacea: Mysidacea)
Following Chlorpyrifos Exposure: A Method Comparison. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol. 306: 1-16.
EcoReference No.: 77062
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,CEL,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
167. Vodela, J. K. and Dalvi, R. R. (1995). Comparative Toxicological Studies of Chlorpyrifos in Rats and
Chickens. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 37: 1-3.
EcoReference No.: 101344
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
168. Volz, D. C., Wirth, E. F., Fulton, M. H., Scott, G. I., Strozier, E., Block, D. S., Ferry, J. L., Walse, S.
S., and Chandler, G. T. (2003). Effects of Fipronil and Chlorpyrifos on Endocrine-Related Endpoints
in Female Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 71: 497-503.
EcoReference No.: 72409
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FPN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP.GRO.MOR.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(FPN,CPY).
169. Watson, A. M. (1996). Time-Course Studies of Hepatic Microsomal Metabolism of Organophosphorus
Insecticides in Rats Treated with beta-Naphthoflavone. Ph.D.Thesis, Mississippi State Univ., MS 89 p.
EcoReference No.: 100917
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
170. Whitney, K. D., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (1995). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos:
Cellular Mechanisms. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 134:53-62.
EcoReference No.: 101290
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.BCM.MOR.GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
171. Whyard, S., Downe, A. E. R., and Walker, V. K. (1994). Isolation of anEsterase Conferring
Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquito Culex tarsalis. Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol. 24: 819-827.
EcoReference No.: 94524
Chemical of Concern: PPB,SFL,FNTH,TMP,CBL,PMR,CPY,MLO,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TMP,CPY),OK(MLN,MLO,PMR,CBL),NO
MIXTURE(PPB,SFL).
172. Widder, P. D. and Bidwell, J. R. (2006). Cholinesterase Activity and Behavior in Chlorpyrifos-
Exposed Rana sphenocephala Tadpoles. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 25: 2446-2454.
EcoReference No.: 101289
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.GRO.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
173. Widder, P. D. and Bidwell, J. R. (2008). Tadpole Size, Cholinesterase Activity, and Swim Speed in
Four Frog Species after Exposure to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos. Aquat.Toxicol. 88: 9-
18.
EcoReference No.: 101727
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
174. Wilson, H. R. and Eisley, J. B. (1994). Evaluation of Soil Insecticides in Ohio, 1993. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 19 : 213-214 (51F).
EcoReference No.: 97877
Chemical of Concern: PRT,TBO,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(TBO,CPY),OK(PRT,CBF).
175. Wilson, J. E. H. (1997). The Grass Shrimp Embryo-Larval Toxicity Test: A Short-Term Predictive
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Bioassay. Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 53-65.
EcoReferenceNo.: 19763
Chemical of Concern: ACR,CPY,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
176. Wirth, M. C. and Georghiou, G. P. (1996). Organophosphate Resistance in Culex pipiens from Cyprus.
J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 12: 112-118.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100853
Chemical of Concern: PMR,PPX,FNTH,CPY,TMP,MLN,PIRM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TMP,CPY),OK(PMR,MLN).
177. Wirth, M. C. and Georghiou, G. P. (1999). Selection and Characterization of Temephos Resistance in a
Population of Aedes aegypti from Tortola, British Virgin Islands. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 15: 315-
320.
EcoReferenceNo.: 61087
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNTH,MLN,CPY,EPRN,PMR,PPX,PPB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TMP,FNTH,MLN,CPY,EPRN,PMR,PPX,PPB).
178. Wurpel, J. N. D, Hirt, P. C., and Bidanset, J. H. (1993). Amygdala Kindling in Immature Rats:
Proconvulsant Effect of the Organophosphate Insecticide - Chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 14: 429-
436.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101528
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
179. Yano, B. L., Young, J. T., and Mattsson, J. L. (2000). Lack of Carcinogenicity of Chlorpyrifos
Insecticide in a High-Dose, 2-Year Dietary Toxicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 53 : 135-
144.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101288
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.MOR.CEL.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
180. Zheng, Q., Olivier, K., Won, Y. K., and Pope, C. N. (2000). Comparative Cholinergic Neurotoxicity of
Oral Chlorpyrifos Exposures in Preweanling and Adult Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 55: 124-132.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101287
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
181. Zimmerman, R. J. and Cranshaw, W. S. (1990). Compatibility of Three Entomogenous Nematodes
(Rhabditida) in Aqueous Solutions of Pesticides Used in Turfgrass Maintenance. J.Econ.Entomol. 83:
97-100.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71366
Chemical of Concern: BDC,BMY,DMB,DZ,Hg,CTN,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,DMB,CTN,CPY),OK(BDC,BMY,Hg),TARGET(CBL).
Acceptable for ECOTOX but not OPP
1. Abdou, R. F. and Abdel-Wahab, M. A. (1985). Cytological and Developmental Effects of Certain Insecticides
inViciafaba. Int.Pest Control 27: 123-125.
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EcoReference No.: 44263
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,CYP,MTM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.GRO.CEL: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CBL,CYP,MTM),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
2. Afifi, F. A. and Zidan, A. A. (1989). Aminotransaminases Activity in Relation to the Oral Administration of a
Single Dose of Chlorpyrifos Insecticide. Egypt.J.Physiol.Sci. 13: 145-152.
EcoReference No.: 101511
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
3. Ahmad, S. and Das, Y. T. (1978). Japanese Beetle Grubs Dosage Mortality Response and Symptoms of
Poisoning Following Topical Treatments with Chlorpyrifos and Dieldrin. J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 939-
942.
EcoReference No.: 44481
Chemical of Concern: DLD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
4. Ahmed, W. (1977). A Laboratory and Field Study of the Toxicity of Mosquito Larvicides to Non-Target Insects
Found in California Rice Fields. Ph.D.Thesis, University of California, Davis, CA 4 p.
EcoReference No.: 5127
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
5. Ahmed, W. and Washino, R. K. (1976). Toxicity of Pesticides Used in Rice Culture in California to Gambusia
affinis (Baird and Girard). Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of California, Davis, CA 31 p.
EcoReference No.: 17722
Chemical of Concern: PRN,CBF,CPY,MP,CuS,MCPA,EDT,DU,MLT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF,MP),NO CONTROL(MLT,CuS),NO
CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
6. Al-Khatib, Z. I. (1985). Isolation of an Organophosphate Susceptible Strain of Culex quinquefasciatus from a
Resistant Field Population by Discrimination Against Esterase-2 Phenotypes. J.Am.Mosq.Control
Assoc. 1: 105-107.
EcoReference No.: 11000
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,CPYM,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(MLN,CPY,CPYM,TMP).
7. Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1978). Declining Field Efficacy of Chlorpyrifos Against Chironomid Midges and
Laboratory Evaluation of Substitute Larvicides. J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 778-782.
EcoReference No.: 6268
Chemical of Concern: C YP,FNV,TMP,CPY,MLN,FNTH,DM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CYP,FNV,TMP,MLN,FNTH,DM),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
8. Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1978). Effects of Chironomid Larvicides and Diflubenzuron on Nontarget
Invertebrates in Residential-Recreational Lakes. Environ.Entomol. 7: 21-27.
EcoReference No.: 5133
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFZ,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
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ENDPOINT(CPY,TMP).
9. All, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1977). The IGR Diflubenzuron and Organophosphorus Insecticides Against Nuisance
Midges in Man-Made Residential-Recreational Lakes. J.Econ.Entomol. 70: 571-577.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5170
Chemical of Concern: DFZ,CPY,MP,TMP,FNTH,MLN,EPRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(DFZ,MP,TMP,FNTH,MLN,EPRN),NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
10. Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1976). Insecticidal Control of Chironomid Midges in the Santa Ana River Water
Spreading System, Orange County, California. J.Econ.Entomol. 69: 509-513.
EcoReferenceNo.: 181
Chemical of Concern: IMP,FNTH,MLN,MP,EPRN,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,POP;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(FNTH,MLN,MP,EPRN,CPY),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(TMP).
11. Anderson, B. S., Lowe, S., Phillips, B. M., Hunt, J. W., Vorhees, J., Clark, S., and Tjeerdema, R. S. (2008).
Relative Sensitivities of Toxicity Test Protocols with the Amphipods Eohaustorius estuarius and
Ampelisca abdita. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 69: 24-31.
EcoReference No.: 101326
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BFT,C YP,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,BFT,CYP,PMR).
12. Areekul, S. (1986). Toxicity to Fishes of Insecticides Used in Paddy Fields and Water Resources. I.
Laboratory Experiment. KasetsartJ.20(2): 164-178(1987) (THI) (ENGABS)/C.A.Sel.-Emiron.Pollut.
12: 106-190732T.
EcoReference No.: 283
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ADC,PRT,DS,HCCH,CBL,HPT,PPX,FNT,MLN,DZ,TMP; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN,NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO
CONTROL,NO DURATION(DS),NO CONTROL(TMP,DZ,CPY).
13. Bailey, D. L., LaBrecque, G. C., and Whitfield, T. L. (1970). Slow-Release and Emulsifiable Formulations of
Dursban and Abate for Controlling Larvae of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. Mosq.News 30:
465-467.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101234
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TMP,CPY).
14. Balcomb, R., Stevens, R., and Bowen II, C. (1984). Toxicity of 16 Granular Insecticides to Wild-Caught
Songbirds. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 33: 302-307 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 35027
Chemical of Concern: PRT,ADC,TBC,PRN,FMP,EP,CPY,FNF,DS,TBO,IFP,CBF,ADC,DZ,TMP;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,CBF,ADC,PRT,EP),NO
ENDPOINT(DS,CPY,TBO,TMP).
15. Barron, M. G., Plakas, S. M., and Wilga, P. C. (1991). Chlorpyrifos Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism
Following Intravascular and Dietary Administration in Channel Catfish. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.
108: 474-482.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3796
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
16. Barron, M. G., Plakas, S. M, Wilga, P. C., and Ball, T. (1993). Absorption, Tissue Distribution and Metabolism
of Chlorpyrifos in Channel Catfish Following Waterborne Exposure. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 12:
1469-1476.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9358
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
17. Barton, L. C. (1970). The Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Dursban on Immature Culex pipiens
quinquefasciatus Say. Entomol. Spec. Study No. 31-004-70/71, U.S.Army Int. Army Agency, Edgewood
Arsenal, MD 4 p. (NTIS/AD-712316).
EcoReferenceNo.: 4157
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
18. Beehler, J. W., Quick, T. C., and DeFoliart, G. R. (1991). Residual Toxicity of Four Insecticides to Aedes
triseriatus in Scrap Tires. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 7: 121-122.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97735
Chemical of Concern: CPY,F YC,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,FYC).
19. Bengston, M., Cornell, M., Davies, R. A. H., Desmarchelier, J. M., Elder, W. B., Hart, R. J., Phillips, M. P.,
Ridley, E. G., Ripp, B. E., Snelson, J. T., and Sticka, R. (1980). Chlorpyrifos-Methyl plus
Bioresmethrin; Methacrifos; Pirimiphos-Methyl plus Bioresmethrin; and Synergised Bioresmethrin as
Grain Protectants for Wheat. Pestic.Sci. 11:61-76.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101381
Chemical of Concern: BRSM,CPYM,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.ACC.MOR: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(CPYM,BRSM,PIRM).
20. Berteau, P. E. and Deen, W. A. (1978). A Comparison of Oral and Inhalation Toxicities of Four Insecticides to
Mice and Rats. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 19: 113-120.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35039
Chemical of Concern: RSM,MLN,CPY,Naled; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(RSM,MLN,CPY,Naled).
21. Bhanti, M. and Taneja, A. (2007). Contamination of Vegetables of Different Seasons with Organophosphorous
Pesticides and Related Health Risk Assessment in Northern India. Chemosphere 69: 63-68.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101325
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MP,CPY,MLN).
22. Boike, A. H. Jr., Rathburn, C. B. Jr., Lang, K. L., Masters, H. M., and Floore, T. G. (1985). Current Status on
the Florida Abate Monitoring Program - Susceptibility Levels of Three Species of Mosquitoes During
1984. J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 1:498-501.
EcoReference No.: 11380
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY,MLN,Naled; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(TMP),NO CONTROL(CPY,Naled,MLN).
-------
23. Boreham, S. and Birch, P. (1987). The Use of Indicator Organisms to Assess Aquatic Pollution Following a
Motorway Insecticide Spill. Sci.Total Environ. 59: 477-480.
EcoReference No.: 4147
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
24. Borthwick, P. W. and Walsh, G. E. (1981). Initial Toxicological Assessment of Ambush, Bolero, Bux, Dursban,
Fentrifanil, Larvin, and Pydrin: Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Selected Estuarine. EPA 600/4-81-
076, U.S.EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 9 p.
EcoReference No.: 3644
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBC,TDC,PMR,FNV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,POP;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,TBC,TDC,PMR).
25. Boumaiza, M. , Ktari, M. H., and Vitiello, P. (1979). Toxicity of Several Pesticides Used in Tunisia, for
Aphanius fasciatus Nardo, 1827 (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). Arch.Inst.Pasteur Tunis 56: 307-342
(FRE).
EcoReference No.: 5365
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,BT,CPY,DMT,DZ,MLN,PSM,PHMD,OMT,DCTP; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(24DXY,BT,DMT,MLN,PHMD,OMT),NO
CONTROL(PSM,DZ,DCTP,CPY).
26. Bradbury, S. P., Carlson, R. W., Niemi, G. J., and Henry, T. R. (1991). Use of Respiratory-Cardiovascular
Responses of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Identifying Acute Toxicity Syndromes in
Fish. Part 4. Central Nervous System Seizure Agents. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 10: 115-131.
EcoReference No.: 329
Chemical of Concern: EN,ES,CPY,STCH,CYP,EFV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CYP),OK(ALL CHEMS),NO CONTROL(CPY).
27. Brazner, J. C., Heinis, L. J., and Jensen, D. A. (1989). A Littoral Enclosure for Replicated Field Experiments.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 8: 1209-1216.
EcoReference No.: 7629
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
28. Brazner, J. C. and Kline, E. R. (1990). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Diet and Growth of Larval Fathead
Minnows, Pimephales promelas, in Littoral Enclosures. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 47: 1157-1165.
EcoReference No.: 9157
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,BEH,POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
29. Brock, T. C. M., Roijackers, R. M. M., Rollon, R., Bransen, F., and Van der Heyden, L. (1995). Effects of
Nutrient Loading and Insecticide Application on the Ecology of Elodea-Dominated Freshwater
Microcosms II. Responses of Macrophytes. Arch.Hydrobiol. 134:53-74.
EcoReference No.: 17409
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,BCM,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
30. Brock, T. C. M., Van den Bogaert, M., Bos, A. R., Van Breukelen, S. W. F., Reiche, R., and Terwoert, J.
(1992). Fate and Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E in Indoor Elodea-Dominated and Macrophyte-
-------
Free Freshwater Model Ecosystems: II. Secondary Effects on. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 23:
391-409.
EcoReferenceNo.: 6351
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
31. Brock, T. C. M., Vet, J. J. R., Kerkhofs, M. J. J., Lijzen, J., Van Zuilekom, W. J., and Gijlstra, R. (1993). Fate
and Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E in Indoor Elodea-Dominated and Macrophyte-Free
Freshwater Model Ecosystems: III. Aspects of Ecosystem. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 25: 160-
169.
EcoReference No.: 13378
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
32. Brown, J. R. and Chow, L. Y. (1975). The Effect of Dursban on Micro-Flora in Non-Saline Waters.
Emiron.Qual.Saf.Suppl. 3: 774-779.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5136
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
33. Brown, J. R., Chow, L. Y., and Deng, C. B. (1976). The Effect of Dursban upon Fresh Water Phytoplankton.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 15: 437-441 (Author Communication Used) (Publ in Part As 5136).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5137
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
34. Buck, N. A., Estesen, B. J., and Ware, G. W. (1980). Dislodgable Insecticide Residues on Cotton Foliage:
Fenvalarate, Permethrin, Sulprofos, Chlorpyrifos, Methyl Parathion, EPN, Oxamyl, and Profenofos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 24: 283-288.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99804
Chemical of Concern: FNV,PMR,CPY,MP,OML,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(FNV,PMR,CPY,MP,OML,PFF).
35. Butcher, J., Boyer, M., and Fowle, C. D. (1975). Impact of Dursban and Abate on Microbial Numbers and
Some Chemical Properties of Standing Ponds. Water Pollut.Res.Can. 10: 33-41.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15067
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
36. Butcher, J. E., Boyer, M. G., and Fowle, C. D. (1977). Some Changes in Pond Chemistry and Photosynthetic
Activity Following Treatment with Increasing Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 17: 752-758.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5134
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
37. Calumpang, S. M. F., Medina, M. J. B., Tejada, A. W., and Medina, J. R. (1997). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos,
Fenubucarb, Monocrotophos, and Methyl Parathion to Fish and Frogs After a Simulated Overflow of
Paddy Water. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 58: 909-914.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 17983
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MP).
38. Carter, F. L. and Graves, J. B. (1972). Measuring Effects of Insecticides on Aquatic Animals. La.Agric. 16: 14-
15.
EcoReferenceNo.: 942
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,AZ,DCTP,CBL,CBF,DDT,TXP,MRX,MLN,MOM,ADC; Habitat:
A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MP,AZ,DCTP,CBL,CBF,DDT,TXP,MRX,MLN,MOM,ADC).
39. Cebrian, C., Andreu-Moliner, E. S., Fernandez-Casalderrey, A., and Ferrando, M. D. (1992). Acute Toxicity
and Oxygen Consumption in the Gills of Procambarus clarkii in Relation to Chlorpyrifos Exposure.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 49: 145-149.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5784
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
40. Chanda, S. M., Mortensen, S. R., Moser, V. C., and Padilla, S. (1997). Tissue-Specific Effects of Chlorpyrifos
on Carboxylesterase and Cholinesterase Activity in Adult Rats: An In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison.
FundamAppl.Toxicol. 38: 148-157.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101432
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
41. Chesebro, J. W. and Porteous, D. J. (1972). Evaluation of Dursban 2e Emulsifiable Insecticide for Phytotoxicity
to Bentgrass Turf. Down Earth 28: 1-2.
EcoReferenceNo.: 41198
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
42. Chitra, S. and Pillai, M. K. K. (1984). Development of Organophosphorus and Carbamate-Resistance in Indian
Strains of Anopheles Stephens! Liston. Proc.Indian Acad.Sci.Anim.Sci. 93: 159-170.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12464
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CBL,MLN,CBF,FNT,TMP,FNTH,CPY,DDVP,PPX; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CBL,CBF),OK(DDT,FNT,FNTH,DDVP,PPX),NOCONTROL(CPY,MLN,TMP).
43. Clements, R. 0., Gilbey, J., Bentley, B. R., French, N, and Cragg, I. A. (1985). Effects of Pesticide
Combinations on the Herbage Yield of Permanent Pasture in England & Wales. Tests of
Agrochem.Cultiv. 6: 126-127.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97760
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MCB,FSTA1,OML; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO; Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(CPY,FSTA1),OK(OML).
44. Cohn, J. and MacPhail, R. C. (1997). Chlorpyrifos Produces Selective Learning Deficits in Rats Working Under
a Schedule of Repeated Acquisition and Performance. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 283: 312-320.
EcoReference No.: 101320
-------
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,BEH; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
45. Crum, S. J. H. and Brock, T. C. M. (1994). Fate of Chlorpyrifos in Indoor Microcosms and Outdoor
Experimental Ditches. In: I.R.Hill, F.Heimbach, P.Leeuwangh, and P.Mattieson (Eds.), Freshwater
Field Tests for Hazard Assessment of Chemicals, Lewis Publ., BocaRaton, FL 315-322.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15363
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
46. Crum, S. J. H., Van Kammen-Polman, A. M. M., and Leistra, M. (1999). Sorption of Nine Pesticides to Three
Aquatic Macrophytes. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 37: 310-316.
EcoReference No.: 20580
Chemical of Concern: CPY,LNR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(LNR,CPY).
47. Culley, D. D. Jr. and Ferguson, D. E. (1969). Patterns of Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquitofish, Gambusia
affinis. J.Fish.Res.Board Can. 26: 2395-2401.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3664
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CMPH,CPY,MLN,MP,MXC,EN,DLD,HCCH,CHD,PRN,DDT,DZ,DCTP;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ,DZ),NO
CONTROL(CMPH,CPY,MLN,MP,MXC,EN,DLD,HCCH,CHD,PRN,DDT,DCTP).
48. Cuppen, J. G. M., Glystra, R., Van Beusekom, S., Budde, B. J., and Brock, T. C. M. (1995). Effects of Nutrient
Loading and Insecticide Application on the Ecology of Elodea-Dominated Freshwater Microcosms III.
Responses of Macroinvertebrate. Arch.Hydrobiol. 134: 157-177.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18910
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
49. Curtis, C. F. and Pasteur, N. (1981). Organophosphate Resistance in Vector Populations of the Complex of
CulexpipiensL. (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull.Entomol.Res. 71: 153-161.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17447
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN,TMP).
50. Dalvi, R. R. and Davis, S. W. (1998). Role of beta-Naphthoflavone in the Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos in
Channel Catfish. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 60: 335-339.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18856
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
51. Davey, R. B., Meisch, M. V., and Carter, F. L. (1976). Toxicity of Five Ricefield Pesticides to the
Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and Green Sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, Under Laboratory and Field.
Environ.Entomol. 5: 1053-1056.
EcoReferenceNo.: 855
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,MLT,PPN,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLT,CBF),NO CONTROL(CPY).
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52. DeLorenzo, M. E., Scott, G. I., and Ross, P. E. (1999). Effects of the Agricultural Pesticides Atrazine,
Deethylatrazine, Endosulfan, and Chlorpyrifos on an Estuarine Microbial Food Web.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 18: 2824-2835.
EcoReference No.: 48627
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,ES,DEATZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP .PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ATZ,DEATZ),OK(ES),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
53. Deneer, J. W. (1994). Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos by the Three-Spined Stickleback Under Laboratory and
Field Conditions. Chemosphere 29: 1561-1575.
EcoReference No.: 4983
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
54. Deneer, J. W. (1993). Uptake and Elimination of Chlorpyrifos in the Guppy at Sublethal and Lethal Aqueous
Concentrations. Chemosphere 26: 1607-1616.
EcoReference No.: 8313
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
55. Deneer, J. W., Budde, B. J., and Weijers, A. (1999). Variations in the Lethal Body Burdens of
Organophosphorus Compounds in the Guppy. Chemosphere 38: 1671-1683.
EcoReference No.: 20106
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CP Y,DZ,MDT,MP,PRN,FNF,FNTH,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(AZ,MDT,MP,PRN,FNF,FNTH),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY,CPYM,DZ).
56. Dishburger, H. J., McKellar, R. L., Pennington, J. Y., and Rice, J. R. (1977). Determination of Residues of
Chlorpyrifos, Its Oxygen Analogue, and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Tissues of Cattle Fed
Chlorpyrifos. J.Agric.Food Chem. 25: 1325-1329.
EcoReference No.: 101319
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
57. Dishburger, H. J., Rice, J. R., McGregor, W. S., and Pennington, J. (1969). Residues of Dursban Insecticide in
Tissues from Turkeys Confined on Soil Treated for Chigger Control. J.Econ.Entomol. 62: 181-183.
EcoReference No.: 101382
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
58. Drummond, R. 0., Ernst, S. E., Trevino, J. L., Gladney, W. J., and Graham, 0. H. (1976). Tests of Acaricides
for Control of Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus. J.Econ.Entomol. 69: 37-40.
EcoReference No.: 99766
Chemical of Concern: PSM,As,TXP,HCCH,MLN,CMPH,CPY,ETN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(PSM),NO CONTROL(MLN,CMPH,CPY).
59. Dutt, N. and Guha, R. S. (1988). Toxicity of Few Organophosphorus Insecticides to Fingerlings of Bound
Water Fishes, Cyprinus carpio (Linn.) and Tilapia mossambica Peters. Indian J.Entomol. 50: 403-
421.
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EcoReference No.: 45084
Chemical of Concern: PHSL,DMT,MLN,MP,FNT,FNTH,DZ,EPRN,CP Y,DDVP,PPHD; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN,MP,DZ),OK(PHSL,DMT,FNT,FNTH,EPRN,DDVP,PPHD).
60. El-Khatib, Z. I. and Georghiou, G. P. (1985). Geographic Variation of Resistance to Organophosphates,
Propoxur and DDT in the Southern House Mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatis, in California .
J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 1: 279-283.
EcoReference No.: 11201
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MP,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MLN,CPY,MP,TMP).
61. El-Sebae, A. H., Soliman, S. A., Elamayem, M. A., and Ahmed, N. S. (1977 ). Neurotoxicity of
Organophosphorus Insecticides Leptophos and EPN. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 12: 269-288.
EcoReference No.: 36534
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: NO IN
VITRO(CPY).
62. Fakhr, I. M. I., El-Dardery, M., Mostafa, I. Y., and Zayed, S. M. A. D. (1982). Short Term Toxicity Studies of
Dursban and Gardona in Mice. J.Egypt.Med.Assoc. 65: 71-83.
EcoReference No.: 101378
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.GRO.PHY: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CPY,TVP).
63. Ferguson, D. E., Gardner, D. T., and Lindley, A. L. (1966). Toxicity of Dursban to Three Species of Fish.
Mosq.News 26: 80-82.
EcoReference No.: 3513
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
64. Fitzpatrick, G. and Sutherland, D. J. (1978). Effects of the Organophosphorous Insecticides Temephos (Abate)
and Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) on Populations of the Salt-Marsh Snail Melampus bidentatus. Mar.Biol.
46: 23-28.
EcoReference No.: 5142
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,TMP).
65. Frank, A. M. and Sjogren, R. D. (1978). Effect of Temephos and Chlorpyrifos on Crustacea. Mosq.News 38:
138-139.
EcoReference No.: 5130
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,TMP).
66. Fraser, L. H. (1998). Top-Down vs Bottom-Up Control Influenced by Productivity in a North Derbyshire, UK,
Dale. OikosSl: 99-108.
EcoReference No.: 100203
Chemical of Concern: DMT,PMR,MAL,CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(DMT,PMR,CPY,DZ),NO ENDPOINT(MAL).
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67. Fytizas, R. and Vassiliou, G. (1980). The Influence of the Herbicide Trifluralin on Flagellar Regeneration in
Chlamydomonas. Meded.Fac.Landbouww. Univ.Gent 45: 923-927 (FRE).
EcoReference No.: 6472
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,TFN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
68. George, T. K. and Liber, K. (2007). Laboratory Investigation of the Toxicity and Interaction of Pesticide
Mixtures in Daphnia magna. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 52: 64-72.
EcoReference No.: 100838
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,AZ,ES,TFN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(CPY,DZ,AZ,ES).
69. Gordon, C. J. (1997). Behavioral Thermoregulatory Response to Chlorpyrifos in the Rat. Toxicology 124: 165-
171.
EcoReference No.: 101429
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
70. Grant, B. F. and Mehrle, P. M. (1970). Pesticide Effects on Fish Endocrine Function. In: Resour.Publ.No.88,
Prog.SportFish.Res.1969, Div.Fish.Res., Bur.SportFish.Wildl, U.S.D.I., Washington, D.C.: 13-15.
EcoReference No.: 17208
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CP Y,24DXY,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP,BCM; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(MLN),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(24DXY,CPY,TMP).
71. Guilhermino, L., Diamantino, T., Silva, M. C., and Scares, A. M. V. M. (2000). Acute Toxicity Test with
Daphnia magna: An Alternative to Mammals in the Prescreening of Chemical Toxicity?
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 46: 357-362.
EcoReference No.: 49794
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CuS,NaCr,PRN,Hg,Cr,Zn,Cd,NaBr,DS; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,CuS,NaCr,PRN,Hg,Cr,Zn,Cd,NaBr,DS).
72. Gutenmann, W. H., St.John, L. E. Jr., and Lisk, D. J. (1968). Metabolic Studies with 0,0-Diethyl 0-(3,5,6-
Trichloro-2-Pyridyl) Phosphorothioate (Dursban) Insecticide in a Lactating Cow. J.Agric.Food Chem.
16: 45-47.
EcoReference No.: 101379
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
73. Hamed, M. S., Ramzi, A., and El Said, S. (1983). Susceptibility Status of Mosquitoes in Egypt to Commonly
Used Insectides. J.Egypt.Public Health Assoc. 58: 160-167.
EcoReference No.: 17815
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,DLD,FNTH,TMP,DDT; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(MLN,TMP),NO CONTROL,NO DURATION(CPY).
74. Hansen, D. J. (1969). Avoidance of Pesticides by Untrained Sheepshead Minnows. Trans.Am.Fish.Soc. 98:
426-429.
EcoReference No.: 5145
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CBL,CPY,MLN,DDT,EN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection
-------
Code: NO CONTROL(CBL),NO ENDPOINT(24DXY,MLN),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
75. Hansen, D. J. (1970). Behavior of Estuarine Organisms. In: Progress Report of the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research, U.S.Fish Wildl.Serv., Circ.335, Washington,
D.C.: 23-28.
EcoReference No.: 15137
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,DDT,EN,CBL,24D; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(MLN,CPY,CBL,24D).
76. Harris, C. R. and Svec, H. J. (1968). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. IV. Laboratory Investigations on the
Toxicity of Insecticides to the Variegated Cutworm with Special Reference to Method of Application
on Insecticidal Activity. J.Econ.Entomol. 61: 970-973.
EcoReference No.: 44296
Chemical of Concern: DDT,MOM,AND,PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
77. Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., Sans, W. W., Hikichi, A., Phatak, S. C., Frank, R., and Braun, H. E. (1975). Efficacy,
Phytotoxicity, and Persistance of Insecticides Used As Pre- and Postplanting Treatments for Control of
Cutworms Attacking Vegetables in Ontario. P.Ent.S.Ont. 105: 65-75.
EcoReference No.: 41180
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
78. Hemmer, M. J., Middaugh, D. P., and Comparetta, V. (1992). Comparative Acute Sensitivity of Larval
Topsmelt, Atherinops affinis, and Inland Silverside, Menidia beryllina, to 11 Chemicals.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 11: 401-408 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReference No.: 13112
Chemical of Concern: NaLS,4NP,FNV,ES,MXC,AZ,CPY,TBO,PMR,EFV; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ),OK(NaLS,4NP,ES,MXC),NO
CONTROL(PMR,FNV,CPY,TBO).
79. Herin, R. A., Suggs, E., Lores, E. M., Heiderscheit, L. T., Farmer, J. D., and Prather, D. (1978). Correlation of
Salt Gland Function with Levels of Chlorpyrifos in the Feed of Mallard Ducklings .
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 9: 157-164.
EcoRef erence No.: 35235
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
80. Herzberg, A. M. (1987). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) in Oreochromis aureus and 0. niloticus and Data
on its Residues in 0. aureus. Bamidgeh 39: 13-20.
EcoReference No.: 2074
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
81. Ho, 0. K., Ming, C. L., and Lok, C. K. (1981). Current Insecticidal Susceptibility Status of Mosquitoes in
Singapore. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health 12: 222-227.
EcoReference No.: 72098
Chemical of Concern: DDT,DLD,HCCH,CPY,RSM,MLN,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(DDT,DLD,HCCH,CPY,RSM,MLN,TMP).
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82. Holcombe, G. W., Phipps, G. L., and Tanner, D. K. (1982). The Acute Toxicity of Kelthane, Dursban,
Disulfoton, Pydrin, and Permethrin to Fathead Minnows Pimephales promelas and Rainbow Trout
Salmo gairdneri. Environ.Pollut.Ser.A 29: 167-178.
EcoReferenceNo.: 10536
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DS,PMR,EFV,DCF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(DS,CPY,PMR).
83. Holladay, S. D., Smith, S. A., El Habback, H., and Caceci, T. (1996). Influence of Chlorpyrifos, an
Organophosphate Insecticide, on the Immune System of Nile Tilapia. JAquat.Anim.Health 8: 104-
110.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18772
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.CEL.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
84. Hoy, J. B., Kauffman, E. E., and O'Berg, A. G. (1972). A Large-Scale Field Test of Gambusia affinis and
Chlorpyrifos for Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 32: 161-171.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13959
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
85. Hughes, D. N, Boyer, M. G., Papst, M. H., Fowle, C. D., Rees, G. A. V., and Baulu, P. (1980). Persistence of
Three Organophosphorus Insecticides in Artificial Ponds and Some Biological Implications.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 9: 269-279.
EcoReference No.: 5135
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYM,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.POP; Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CPY,CPYM,TMP).
86. Hughes, J. M., Griffiths, M. W., and Harrison, D. A. (1992). The Effects of an Organophosphate Insecticide on
Two Enzyme Loci in the Shrimp Caradina sp. Biochem.Syst.Ecol. 20: 89-97.
EcoReferenceNo.: 11165
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
87. Hunter, D. L., Lassiter, T. L., and Padilla, S. (1999). Gestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos: Comparative
Distribution of Trichloropyridinol in the Fetus and Dam. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 158: 16-23.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101318
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.ACC.BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
88. Hurlbert, S. H. (1969). The Impact of Dursban on Pond Ecosystems. Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq. Control
Assoc. 8: 37 (ABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 14510
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO DURATION(CPY).
89. Isa, A. L. and Awadallah, W. H. (1974). Effects of Insecticides and Sugar-Cane Row Widths on Infestations of
the Stem Borer, Chilo agamemnon Bles. Agric.Res.Rev. 52: 15-20.
EcoReferenceNo.: 46120
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Chemical of Concern: DDT,CBL,DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.PHY; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(DZ,CPY,CBL).
90. Ivey, M. C. (1979). Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol: Residues in the Body Tissues of Cattle
Wearing Chlorpyrifos-Impregnated Plastic Ear Tags. J.Econ.Entomol. 72: 909-911.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101384
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
91. Ivey, M. C. and Palmer, J. S. (1979). Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol: Residues in Body Tissues
of Swine Treated with Chlorpyrifos for Hog Louse and Itch Mite Control. J.Econ.Entomol. 72: 837-
838.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101385
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
92. Jamnback, H. and Frempong-Boadu, J. (1966). Testing Blackfly Larvicides in the Laboratory and in Streams.
Bull.W.H.O. 34:405-421.
EcoReference No.: 2837
Chemical of Concern: Naled,CBL,CPY,DZ,MDT,DMT,ATM,TMP,PPX,PSM,TVPM; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: BEH.POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(Naled,CBL,CPY,DZ,MDT,DMT,ATM,PPX,PSM,TWM),NOENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(TMP).
93. Jarvi, K. J. (1994). Potato Leafhopper Control in Alfalfa, 1993. ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 172 (6F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 97200
Chemical of Concern: CBL,PSM,CBF,LCYT,CPY,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,POP;
Rejection Code: OK(CBF),NO ENDPOINT(CBL,PSM,CPY,PMR).
94. Jarvinen, A. W., Nordling, B. R., and Henry, M. E. (1983). Chronic Toxicity of Dursban (Chlorpyrifos) to the
Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the Resultant Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 7: 423-434.
EcoReferenceNo.: 10473
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.REP.BCM.ACC: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
95. Jarvinen, A. W. and Tanner, D. K. (1982). Toxicity of Selected Controlled Release and Corresponding
Unformulated Technical Grade Pesticides to the Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas.
Environ.Pollut.Ser.A 27: 179-195.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15462
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MP),LITE EVAL CODED(DZ),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
96. Jarvinen, A. W., Tanner, D. K., and Kline, E. R. (1988). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, or Fenvalerate to
Fathead Minnows Following Episodic or Continuous Exposure. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 15: 78-95.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12885
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EN,EF V; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
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97. Jenner, H. A., Van Aerssen, G. H. F. M, and Terwoert, J. (1992). Valve Movement Behaviour of the Mussel
Dreissena polymorpha and the Clam Unio pictorum for Use in an Early Warning System. In: The
Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha, Limnol.Aktuell, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany 4:
115-126.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99356
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,PCP,TBTO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH.PHY: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(TBTO,ATZ,CPY).
98. Jensen, D. A. and Brazner, J. C. (1988). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Macroinvertebrates in Littoral Enclosures.
Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci.No. 1607: 101-107.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13249
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
99. Jirasek, J., Adamek, Z., Nguyen, X. T., and Holcman, 0. (1980). Estimation of the Acute Toxicity of the
Insecticide Dursban for Fish. (Stanoveni Akutni Toxicity Insecticidu Dursban Pro Ryby.). Acta
Univ.Agric.Fac.Agron.(1978) /Pestab 26: 51-56 (CZE) (ENG ABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5126
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO
DURATION(CPY).
100. Johnson, C. R. (1977). The Effect of Exposure to the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on
the Feeding Rate in the Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. In: Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.Vector
Control Assoc. 45: 69-70.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14508
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
101. Johnson, C. R. (1978). The Effect of Five Organophosphorus Insecticides on Survival and
Temperature Tolerance in the Copepod, Macrocyclops albidus (Copepoda: Cyclopidae).
2oolJ.Linn.Soc. 64: 59-62.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5172
Chemical of Concern: TMP,MLN,FNTH,MP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection
Code: OK(FNTH),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,TMP,MLN,MP).
102. Johnson, C. R. (1977). The Effects of Field Applied Rates of Five Organophosphorus Insecticides on
Thermal Tolerance, Orientation, and Survival in Gambusia affinis affinis (Pisces: Poeciliidae). In:
Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. 45: 56-58.
EcoReference No.: 7504
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MP,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH.MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),NO CONTROL(MP),NO ENDPOINT(TMP,CPY).
Johnson, C. R. (1978). The Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Five Organophosphorus Insecticides
on Temperature Tolerance, Reflexes, and Orientation in Gambusia affinis affinis (Pisces: Poeciliidae).
Zool.J.Linn.Soc. 64: 63-70.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5149
Chemical of Concern: MP,TMP,MLN,FNTH,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH. AC C; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(MP,TMP,MLN,FNTH,CPY,TMP).
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104. Johnson, C. R. and Prine, J. E. (1976). The Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Organophosphorus
Insecticides and an Insect Growth Regulator on Temperature Tolerance in Hydrated and Dehydrated
Juvenile Western Toads, Bufo boreas. Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 53: 147-149.
EcoReferenceNo.: 7814
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY,MTPN,MP,CPYM,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPYM,CPY,MP,MTPN,TMP).
105. Jones, A. and McCoy, C. (1997). Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Organophosphate and Carbamate
Insecticides in Honeybees. J.Agric.FoodChem. 45: 2143-2147.
EcoReferenceNo.: 94957
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,DS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,CBL,DS).
106. Jose, R., Galindo, G., Medina, J. A., and Villagrana, L. C. (1996). Physiological and Biochemical
Changes in Shrimp Larvae (Penaeus vannamei) intoxicated with Organochlorine Pesticides.
Mar.Pollut.Bull. 32: 872-875.
EcoReferenceNo.: 19959
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
107. Jukes, A. A., Collier, R. H., and Finch, S. (2001). Cabbage Root Fly Control Using Non-
Organophosphorus Insecticides. Meded.Fac.Landbouww. Univ.Gent. 66: 395-402.
EcoReferenceNo.: 96263
Chemical of Concern: SS,CYR,FPN,DFZ,CPY,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,POP;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CYR,FPN,CPY,CBF).
108. Kaakeh, W. and Bennett, G. W. (1999). Developmental Stage- and Gender-Dependent Differential
Susceptibility of German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) to Various Commercial Baits.
J.Agric. Urban Entomol. 16:9-24.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99903
Chemical of Concern: HMN,ABM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONC(CPY),NO COC(IXB).
109. Kaakeh, W., Reid, B. L., Bennett, G. W., and Bohnert, T. J. (1994). Residual Activity of Diazinon and
Chlorpyrifos Formulations, 1991-1993. ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 359 (6J).
EcoReferenceNo.: 100861
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,DZ).
110. Karen, D. J., Joab, B. M., Wallin, J. M., and Johnson, K. A. (1998). Partitioning of Chlorpyrifos
Between Water and an Aquatic Macrophyte (Elodea densa). Chemosphere 37: 1579-1586.
EcoReference No.: 2451
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
111. Kelada, N. L. and Shaker, N. (1988). Toxicity of Three Chemical Insecticides in Combination with
Bacillus spp. Against Mosquito Larvae. Insect Sci.Appl. 9:229-231.
EcoReference No.: 769
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYM,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,CPYM,TMP).
112. Kersting, K. (1995). Problems Induced by the use of Acetone as a Solvent to Dose Chlorpyrifos in a
Microecosystem. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 14: 1061-1063.
EcoReferenceNo.: 18050
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
113. Kersting, K. and Van den Brink, P. J. (1997). Effects of the Insecticide Dursban 4E (Active Ingredient
Chlorpyrifos) in Outdoor Experimental Ditches: Responses of Ecosystem Metabolism.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 251-259.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17661
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PRS; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
114. Khayrandish, A. and Wood, R. J. (1993). A Multiple Basis for Insecticide Resistance in a Strain of
Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Muheza, Tanzania, Studied as Resistance Declined.
Bull.Entomol.Res. 83: 75-86.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17296
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY),NO COC(TBF).
115. Kikuchi, M. , Miyagaki, T., and Wakabayashi, M. (1996). Evaluation of Pesticides Used in Golf Links
by Acute Toxicity Test on Rainbow Trout. Bull. Jpn.Soc.Sci.Fish.(Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi) 62: 414-
419(JPN)(ENGABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 18916
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BFL,BS,Captan,IFP,PDM,FTL,TCF,FNT,DZ,CTN,MCPPl,BSO;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,BS,Captan,BSO,DZ,FTL).
116. Korn, S. and Earnest, R. (1974). Acute Toxicity of Twenty Insecticides to Striped Bass, Morone
saxatilis. Calif.Fish Game 60: 128-131.
EcoReference No.: 602
Chemical of Concern:
CBL,CPY,HCCH,MLN,MP,Naled,TMP,FNTH,EN,ES,DDT,HPT,MXC,TXP,AND,CHD,PRN,DLD;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,MP,Naled,TMP),LITE
EVAL CODED(MLN),OK(ALL CHEMS).
117. Lai, S., Lai, R., and Saxena, D. M. (1987). Bioconcentration and Metabolism of DDT, Fenitrothion and
Chlorpyrifos by the Blue-Green Algae Anabaena sp. and Aulosira fertilissima. Environ.Pollut. 46:
187-196.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12630
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
118. Lai, S., Saxena, D. M., and Lai, R. (1987). Uptake, Metabolism and Effects of DDT, Fenitrothion and
Chlorpyrifos on Tetrahymena pyriformis. Pestic.Sci. 21: 181-191.
EcoReferenceNo.: 14095
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.POP.CEL; Rejection Code: NO
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ENDPOINT(CPY).
119. Larson, L. L. (1995). Laboratory Toxicity of Spinosad to Late Second Instar Tobacco Budworm
Compared to Commercial Standards, 1994. ArthropodManag.Tests 20: 356 (45L).
EcoReferenceNo.: 95804
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,TDC,CYP,SS,MOM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO COC(TFZ),NO CONTROL(TDC,CYP,MOM,CPY).
120. Lee, D. H., Tsunoda, K., and Takahashi, M. (1990). Laboratory Evaluation of Triiodoallyl Alcohol as a
Wood Preservative. Mater.Org.(Berl) 25: 145-159.
EcoReference No.: 100319
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(PMR,CPY).
121. Lembright, H. W. (1968). Dosage Studies with low Volume Applications of Dursban Insecticide.
Down Earth 24: 16-19.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9790
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
122. Levy, R. and Miller, T. W. Jr. (1978). Tolerance of the Planarian Dugesia dorotocephala to high
Concentrations of Pesticides and Growth Regulators. Entomophaga 23: 31-34.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5152
Chemical of Concern: MTPN,TMP,FNTH,CPY,MLN,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(MTPN,TMP,FNTH,CPY,MLN,DFZ,TMP).
123. Long, G. G., Scheldt, A. B., Everson, R. J., and Oehme, F. W. (1986). Age Related Susceptibility of
Newborn Pigs to the Cutaneous Application of Chlorpyrifos. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 28: 297-299.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101370
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
124. Loomis, E. C., Noorderhaven, A., and Roulston, W. J. (1972). Control of the Southern Cattle Tick by
Pour-on Animal Systemic Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 65: 1638-1641.
EcoReferenceNo.: 96688
Chemical of Concern: PSM,CPY,CMPH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(PSM,CPY,CMPH).
125. Lucassen, W. G. H. and Leeuwangh, P. (1994). Response of Zooplankton to Dursban 4E Insecticide in
a Pond Experiment. In: R.L.Graney, J.H.Kennedy, and J.H.Rogers (Eds.), Aquatic Mesocosm Studies
in Ecological Risk Assessment, Chapter 27, Lewis Publishers, BocaRaton, FL 517-533.
EcoReferenceNo.: 16248
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
126. Ludwig, P. D. and Mcneil Iv, J. C. (1966). Results of Laboratory and Field Tests with Dursban
Insecticide for Mosquito Control. Mosq.News 26: 344-351.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13955
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
127. Macek, K. J., Walsh, D. F., Hogan, J. W., and Holz, D. D. (1972). Toxicity of the Insecticide Dursban
to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates in Ponds. Tram.Am.Fish.Soc. 101: 420-427.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5153
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.POP.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
128. Magnin, M., Marboutin, E., and Pasteur, N. (1988). Insecticide Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus
(Diptera: Culicidae) in West Africa. J.Med.Entomol. 25:99-104.
EcoReferenceNo.: 810
Chemical of Concern: DDT,PRN,DDVP,PPX,ADC,MDT,CPY,TMP,DM,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,ADC,TMP).
129. Maly, M. and Ruber, E. (1983). Effects of Pesticides on Pure and Mixed Species Cultures of Salt
Marsh Pool Algae. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 30: 464-472.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15240
Chemical of Concern: PPX,TMP,CPY,CBL,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBL),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,PPX),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY,TMP).
130. Mani, V. G. T. and Konar, S. K. (1986). Chronic Effects of the Insecticide Coroban on Behavior,
Survival, Growth and Reproduction of Fish. Aquat.Sci.Fish.Abstr.l7(5, Pt.l):182 (1987) /
Environ.Ecol. 4: 517-520.
EcoReferenceNo.: 12540
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
131. Mani, V. G. T. and Konar, S. K. (1988). Pollutional Hazards of the Pesticide Chlorpyrifos on Aquatic
Ecosystem . Environ.Ecol. 6: 460-462.
EcoReference No.: 13219
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
132. Mansour, S. A. (1987). Is it Possible to Use the Honey Bee Adult as a Bioindicator for the Detection of
Pesticide Residues in Plants? Acta Biol.Hung. 38: 69-76.
EcoReference No.: 67982
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CBL,PIRM,FNT,CPY,DCF,FNV,PPX,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: NO DURATION,NO ENDPOINT(DZ,CPY),NO
ENDPOINT(MOM,FNV,CBL).
Mansour, S. A., Ali, A. D., and Al-Jalili, M. K. (1984). The Residual Toxicity to Honeybees of Some
Insecticides on Clover Flowers: Laboratory Studies. J.Apic.Res. 23: 213-216.
EcoReferenceNo.: 35334
Chemical of Concern: CBL,FNV,PIRM,PPX,FNT,CPY,MOM,DCF,DZ,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,DZ,MOM),OK(PPX,FNT,PIRM,DCF,FNV,CBL).
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134. Mayer, F. L. Jr. (1974). Pesticides as Pollutants. In: B.G.Liptak (Ed.), Environmental Engineer's
Handbook, Chilton Book Co., Radnor, PA 405-418 (Publ in Part As 6797).
EcoReference No.: 70421
Chemical of Concern:
AND,CHD,DDT,DLD,ES,EN,HPT,TXP,DZ,CPY,PRN,CBL,ACL,ATZ,Cu,EDT,SZ,As,MLN,Captan,
Naled,24DXY,PPG,TBT,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TBT,PPG,AND,CHD,DDT,DLD,ES,EN,HPT,TXP,DZ,CPY,PRN,CBL,ACL,ATZ,Cu,ED
T,SZ,As,MLN,Captan,Naled,TMP),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(24DXY).
135. Mayer, F. L. Jr. and Ellersieck, M. R. (1986). Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base
for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. Resour.Publ.No.160, U.S.Dep.Interior,
Fish Wildl.Serv., Washington, DC 505 p. (USGS Data File).
EcoReference No.: 6797
Chemical of Concern:
EDT,RSM,SZ,24DXY,ACP,ACR,ADC,ATM,ATN,ATZ,AZ,BS,CaPS,Captan,CBF,CBL,CMPH,CQT
C,CPY,CuS,DBN,DCTP,DFZ,DMB,DMT,DOD,DPDP,DS,DU,DZ,FO,GYP,HCCH,HXZ,IGS,LNR,
MBZ,MCPB,MDT,MLN,MLT,MOM,MP,MTL,NaN3,Naled,OYZ,PCP,PEB,PAQT,PRT,PSM,Folpet,
PYN,CYT,DMM,EFS,NAA,NTP,PMR,PPB,TFN,WFN,RSM,RTN,ALSV,Se,DBAC,Zn,As,MTPN,D
CB,MTAS,OXD,PEPPG,TBF,CPYM,FLU,PPG,EPTC,TBO,PFF,TMP,TVPM,BSO; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR.PHY; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MTAS,MTPN,DCB,DZ,IGS,ATZ,MTL,MLT,CBF,ADC,MOM,PPB,SZ,DMT,WFN,RTN,C
uS, DOD,NaN3,DMB,RSM,CaPS,MCPB,
NaPCP,PCP,AMSV,ALSV,PRT,ATM,CQTC,ATN,DBAC),NO
CONTROL(PMR,EPTC,PPG,GYP,LNR,PSM,DS,FLU,OYZ,24DXY,DPDP,CPYM,CPY,PEPPG,MP,
Naled,BS,OXD,Captan,MLN,HXZ,TBF,TBO,CMPH,PFF,TMP,TVPM,BSO,DCTP).
136. McKellar, R. L., Dishburger, H. J., Rice, J. R., Craig, L. F., and Pennington, J. (1976). Residues of
Chlorpyrifos, Its Oxygen Analogue, and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Milk and Cream from Cows
Fed Chlorpyrifos. J.Agric.Food Chem. 24: 283-286.
EcoReference No.: 101317
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.PHY.ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
137. McLaughlin, J. R., Mitchell, E. R., and Kirsch, P. (1994). Mating Disruption of Diamondback Moth
(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Cabbage: Reduction of Mating and Suppression of Larval Populations.
J.Econ.Entomol. 87: 1198-1204.
EcoReference No.: 97693
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.REP; Rejection Code: NO
COC(FRM),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,PMR).
138. Mcneill, J. C. I. V., Miller, W. 0., and Wleczyk, C. M. (1968). Evaluation of Dursban as a Larvicide in
Septic Ditches. Mosq.News 28: 160-161.
EcoReference No.: 13957
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
139. Michael, P. J. (1991). Season-Long Effects of Four Chemicals on Redlegged Earth Mite and Lucerne
Flea. In: Ridsdill-Smith, J. (Ed.), Proc Nail Workshop on Redlegged Earth Mite, Lucerne Flea, and
Blue Oat Mite, Perth, W.Australia, Sept.9-11, 1991II: 63-65.
EcoReference No.: 44565
-------
Chemical of Concern: DDT,DMT,FNV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DDT,DMT,FNV,CPY).
140. Miles, J. R. W., Harris, C. R., and Tu, C. M. (1983). Influence of Temperature on the Persistence of
Chlorpyrifos and Chlorfenvinphos in Sterile and Natural Mineral and Organic Soils.
J.Environ.Sci.HealthBIS: 705-712.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100613
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
141. Miller, W. 0. and Cochran, L. K. (1970). Results Obtained with Dursban Insecticide Applied to a Salt
Marsh Habitat. Down Earth 26: 17-21.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9644
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
142. Mitchell, J. K. and Taber, R. A. (1986). Factors Affecting the Biological Control of Cercosporidium
Leaf Spot of Peanuts by Dicyma pulvinata. Phytopathology 76: 990-994.
EcoReferenceNo.: 95454
Chemical of Concern: PNB,BMY,MZB,CBF,CPY,CBX,CuOH,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,CBF,ADC),TARGET(MZB,CuOH).
143. Montada, D., Tang, R., Navarro, A., and Garcia, F. A. (1994). Susceptibility Status of Aedes
taeniorhynchus to Organochlorine and Organophosphate Insecticides. Mem.Imt.Oswaldo Cruz Rio J.
89: 251-252.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100764
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY,DDY,FNTH,FNT,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TMP,CPY,MLN).
144. Moore, M. S. (1977). Insecticide Screening for Blue-Green Lucerne Aphid Control. Proc.N.Z. Weed
Pest Control Conf. 30: 165-167.
EcoReferenceNo.: 98434
Chemical of Concern: DS,DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DS,DZ,CPY).
145. Moser, V. C., Chanda, S. M., Mortensen, S. R., and Padilla, S. (1998). Age- and Gender-Related
Differences in Sensitivity to Chlorpyrifos in the Rat Reflect Developmental Profiles of Esterase
Activities. Toxicol.Sci. 46: 211-222 .
EcoReference No.: 101316
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
146. Mostafa, I. Y., Adam, Y. M., and Zayed, S. M. A. D. (1983). Bioalkylation of Nucleic Acids in Mice
by Insecticides. I. Alkylation of Liver RNA and DNA by Chlorpyrifos. Z.Naturforsch.C 38: 461-464.
EcoRef erence No.: 101513
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
147. Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. (1979). Experimental Studies on Macroinvertebrate Predator-Prey Impact of
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Pesticides. The Reactions of Rhyacophila and Hydropsyche (Trichoptera) Larvae to Simulium
Larvicides. Can.J.Zool. 57: 2264-2270.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5157
Chemical of Concern: PMR,TMP,CPY,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,CPYM,PMR,TMP).
148. Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. and Merryweather, J. (1970). Ovicides in Simulium Control. Nature
221:858 (ABS) (1969)/Bull.W.H.O. 42: 174-177.
EcoReference No.: 4567
Chemical of Concern: DDVP,TMP,PYN,HCCH,DZ,MXC,DDT,FNTH,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DDVP,TMP,PYN,HCCH,DZ,MXC,DDT,FNTH,CPY,MOM).
149. Mulla, M. S. and Khasawinah, A. M. (1969). Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Larvicides Against
Chironomid Midges. J.Econ.Entomol. 62: 37-41.
EcoReference No.: 2899
Chemical of Concern: CBF,MLN,MP,FNTH,PRN,TMT,CPY,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(MP),LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,MLN,TMP),OK(CBF,FNTH,PRN).
150. Mulla, M. S., Norland, R. L., Fanara, D. M., Darwazeh, H. A., and McKean, D. W. (1971). Control of
Chironomid Midges in Recreational Lakes. J.Econ.Entomol. 64: 300-307.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5158
Chemical of Concern: TMP,EPRN,HCCH,MP,CBF,FNTH,CBL,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(EPRN,HCCH,MP,CBF,FNTH,CBL),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY,TMP).
151. Munkegaard, M., Abbaspoor, M., and Cedergreen, N. (2008). Organophosphorous Insecticides as
Herbicide Synergists on the Green Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the Aquatic Plant Lemna
minor. Ecotoxicology 17: 29-35.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101323
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CP Y,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(MLN,CPY,ES).
152. Mutze, G. and Sinclair, R. (2004). Efficacy of Zinc Phosphide, Strychnine and Chlorpyrifos as
Rodenticides for the Control of House Mice in South Australian Cereal Crops. Wildl.Res. 31: 249-257.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101322
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
153. Naqvi, S. M. and Ferguson, D. E. (1968). Pesticide Tolerances of Selected Freshwater Invertebrates.
J.Miss.Acad.Sci. 14: 121-127.
EcoReference No.: 2093
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CBL,CP Y,HCCH,MLN,MP,DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ),OK(AZ,HCCH),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,MP),NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
154. Naqvi, S. M. Z. (1973). Toxicity of Twenty-Three Insecticides to a Tubificid Worm Branchiura
sowerbyi from the Mississippi Delta. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 70-74.
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EcoReference No.: 2798
Chemical of Concern:
AND,CHD,DDT,DLD,CPY,EN,ETN,HPT,DCF,HCCH,MLN,MXC,MP,PRN,MW,CBL,TXP,DCTP;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(AZ),LITE EVAL
CODED(DCTP,CBL),OK(HCCH),NO CONTROL(MLN,MP),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
155. Nhan, D. D., Carvalho, F. P., and Nam, B. Q. (2002). Fate of 14C-Chlorpyrifos in the Tropical
Estuarine Environment. Environ.Technol. 23: 1229-1234.
EcoReference No.: 101377
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
156. Nishiuchi, Y. (1980). Toxicity of Formulated Pesticides to Fresh Water Organisms LXXII. Suisan
Zoshoku 27: 238-244 (JPN).
EcoReference No.: 6701
Chemical of Concern:
CPYM,AMZ,PPG,TW,PIM,ES,FLAC,PHSL,NCTN,HPT,RTN,DDT,CHD,DLD,MOM,ACP,Naled,C
PY,TVPM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(RTN,PPG,CPYM,CPY,Naled,TVPM).
157. Nishiuchi, Y. (1977). Toxicity of Formulated Pesticides to Some Fresh Water Organisms. XXXXI.
The Aquiculture (Suisan Zoshoku) 24: 146-150 (JPN).
EcoReference No.: 7591
Chemical of Concern: Captan,DZ,TBC,NaPCP,CPY,CP YM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN,NO CONTROL(Captan),NO CONTROL(CPYM,DZ,CPY).
158. Nishiuchi, Y. (1979). Toxicity of Pesticides to Animals in Freshwater. LXII. The Aquiculture (Suisan
Zoshoku) 27 : 119-124 (JPN).
EcoReference No.: 6956
Chemical of Concern: MLN,NaPCP,Ag,CPY,CPYM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(CPYM,CPY,MLN).
159. Nishiuchi, Y. and Asano, K. (1979). Toxicity of Agricultural Chemicals to Some Freshwater
Organisms - LIX. The Aquiculture (Suisan Zoshoku) 27: 48-55 (JPN) (ENG TRANSL).
EcoReference No.: 6954
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,ACR,ATZ,BMC,BT,Captan,CPY,CTN,Cu,CuOH,CuS,DMT,DU,DZ,Folpet,HCCH,LNR,MAL,
MDT,MLN,MOM,PCP,PEB,PHMD,PMT,PNB,PPG,PQT,PSM,QOC,TBC,TFN,RTN,CuCl,PPZ,Zn,N
i,As,DCB,CPYM,EPTC,Ziram,TVPM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(RTN,Ziram,EPTC,PPG,LNR,PSM,CPYM,CPY,DMT,MLN,BMC,CTN,QOC,Captan,Fol
pet,ATZ,TVPM,DZ).
160. Norberg-King, T. J. (1989). An Evaluation of the Fathead Minnow Seven-Day Subchronic Test For
Estimating Chronic Toxicity. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 8: 1075-1089.
EcoReference No.: 5313
Chemical of Concern: CBL,DZ,ZnS,Se,NaCr,CPY,AgN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ,NaCr),OK(ZnS,AgN,Se),NO CONTROL(CPY).
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161. Norberg, T. J. and Mount, D. I. (1985). A new Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Subchronic
Toxicity Test. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 4:711-718.
EcoReference No.: 11182
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Cu,Zn; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(Cu,OW-TRV-Cu),OK(Zn),NO CONTROL(CPY).
162. Ohayo-Mitoko, G. J. A. and Deneer, J. W. (1993). Lethal Body Burdens of Four Organophorus
Pesticides in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Sci. Total Environ. (Suppl.) 559-565.
EcoReference No.: 4349
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(PRN),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,DZ).
163. Olofinboba, M. 0. and Kozlowski, T. T. (1982). Effects of 3 Systemic Insecticides on Seed
Germination and Growth of Pinus halepensis Seedlings. Plant Soil 64: 255-258.
EcoReference No.: 41343
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP: Rejection Code:
TARGET(ACP),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
164. Olson, C. T., Blank, J. A., and Menton, R. G. (1998). Neuromuscular Effects of Low Level Exposures
to Sarin, Pyridostigmine, DEBT, and Chlorpyrifos. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 21: 149-169.
EcoReference No.: 101751
Chemical of Concern: DEET,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.GRO: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
165. Oomen, P. A., Romeijn, G., and Wiegers, G. L. (1991). Side-Effects of 100 Pesticides on the Predatory
Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, Collected and Evaluated According to the EPPO Guideline.
Bull.Organ.Eur.Mediterr.Prot.Plant 21: 701-712.
EcoReference No.: 99162
Chemical of Concern:
TVP,CTN,FRM,FTF,Folpet,IPD,MZB,Maneb,PCZ,SFR,THM,TFR,VCZ,ATZ,BMC,24D,GFSNH,GY
P,SZ,DCF,ES,FYC,HTX,MLN,MOM,MW,OML,PMR,TFR,CBL,ACP,AZ,BFT,CPY,CYR,DU,5DM
T,DCF,DZ,DM,BMN,FZFB,MTSM,CQTC,ABM,AMZ,BPZ,CHX,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
REP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TW,CTN,FRM,Folpet,IPD,MZB,Maneb,PCZ,SFR,THM,VCZ,ATZ,BMC,24D,GFSNH,
GYP,SZ,DCF,ES,DM,DCF,
ES,FYC,HTX,MLN,MOM,MVP,OML,MP,PMR,TFR,CBL,ACP,AZ,BFT,CPY,CYR,DZ,DMT).
166. Orshan, L., Kelbert, M., and Pener, H. (2005). Patterns of Insecticide Resistance in Larval Culex
pipiens Populations in Israel: Dynamics and Trends. J. Vector Ecol. 30:289-294.
EcoReference No.: 100898
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNTH,TMP,PMR,CYP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,TMP,PMR,CYP).
167. Ouedraogo, E., Brussaard, L., and Stroosnijder, L. (2007). Soil Fauna and Organic Amendment
Interactions Affect Soil Carbon and Crop Performance in Semi-arid West Africa. Biol.Fertil.Soils 44:
343-351.
EcoReference No.: 101324
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,ES).
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168. Pan, D. Y. and Liang, X. M. (1993 ). Safety Study of Pesticides on Bog Frog, a Predatory Natural
Enemy of Pest in Paddy Field. J.Hunan Agricult.Coil. 19: 47-54 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 16056
Chemical of Concern:
FNT,ANZ,DDW,DLD,24DXY,CBF,CPY,CTN,DMT,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MLT,MP,MTM,PMT,TBC,D
M,EFV,BPZ,PPN,OMT,PCH,FPP,NaPCP,CaPS,OMT,Zn,DDT,Zineb,PPHD,FNV,CYH,BTC,TDF,Ni
; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY),NO CONTROL(24DXY,DZ).
169. Papst, M. H. and Boyer, M. G. (1980). Effects of Two Organophosphorus Insecticides on the
Chlorophyll A and Pheopigment Concentrations of Standing Ponds. Hydrobiologia 69: 245-250.
EcoReference No.: 6702
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,TMP).
170. Pasteur, N. and Georghiou, G. P. (1989). Improved Filter Paper Test for Detecting and Quantifying
Increased Esterase Activity in Organophosphate-Resistant Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 82: 347-353.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100484
Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNTH,TMP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(MLN,TMP,CPY).
171. Peterson, R. H. (1976). Temperature Selection of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as Influenced
by Various Toxic Substances. J.Fish.Res.Board Can. 33: 1722-1730.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5160
Chemical of Concern: Zn,AZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,HPT,NaPCP,FNT,MLN,Naled,CuS; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(Zn,AZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,HPT,NaPCP,FNT,MLN,Naled,CuS).
172. Phipps, G. L. and Holcombe, G. W. (1985). A Method for Aquatic Multiple Species Toxicant Testing:
Acute Toxicity of 10 Chemicals to 5 Vertebrates and 2 Invertebrates. Environ.Pollut.Ser.A 38: 141-
157 (Author Communication Used) (OECDG Data File).
EcoReferenceNo.: 10775
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,PCP,Cd; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBL,PCP),OK(Cd),NO CONTROL(CPY).
173. Putnam, R. A., Nelson, J. 0., and Clark, J. M. (2003). The Persistence and Degradation of
Chlorothalonil and Chlorpyrifos in a Cranberry Bog. J.Agric.Food Chem. 51: 170-176.
EcoReference No.: 101380
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CTN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,CTN).
174. Radhakrishaiah, K. and Renukadevi, B. (1989). Effect of Pesticides on Succinate and Lactate
Dehydrogenase Activities in the Freshwater Field Crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius).
Proc.IndianNatl.Sci.AcadPartB 55: 339-344 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 3236
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBF),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
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175. Radhakrishnaiah, K. and Renukadevi, B. (1990). Size and Sex Related Tolerance to Pesticides in the
Freshwater Field Crab Oziotelphusa senex senex. Environ.Ecol. 8: 111-114.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3430
Chemical of Concern: CBF,ES,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBF),OK(ES),NO CONTROL(CPY).
176. Ramakrishnan, M, Malliga Devi, T., Arunachalam, S., and Palanichamy, S. (1991). Effects of
Pesticides, Decis and Coroban on Food Utilization in Cyprinus carpio var. communis.
J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Monit. 1: 59-64.
EcoReferenceNo.: 4141
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
177. Raven, P. J. and George, J. J. (1989). Recovery by Riffle Macroinvertebrates in a River After a Major
Accidental Spillage of Chlorpyrifos. Environ.?ollut. 59: 55-70.
EcoReference No.: 780
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
178. Rawn, G. P., Webster, G. R. B., and Findlay, G. M. (1978). Effect of Pool Bottom Substrate on
Residues and Bioactivity of Chlorpyrifos, Against Larvae of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).
Can.Entomol. 110: 1269-1276.
EcoReference No.: 2694
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
179. Rettich, F. (1977). The Susceptibility of Mosquito Larvae to Eighteen Insecticides in Czechoslovakia.
Mosq.News 37: 252-257.
EcoReferenceNo.: 2914
Chemical of Concern:
DLD,TCF,MXC,HCCH,MLN,CBL,DZ,CPY,DDT,FNTH,DDVP,PPX,FNT,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,MLN,TMP,DZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).
180. Rodrigues, J. D., Pedras, J. F., Rodrigues, S. D., Silva, J. A., and Klar, A. E. (1980). Treatment of
Aquatic Plants with Herbicides and Insecticides. I. Effects on some Fish in the Basins of the Piracicaba
and Tiete Rivers. Rev.Agric. (Piracicaba) 55(1/2):5-12 (FOR) (ENGABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 6618
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(24DXY,CPY).
181. Romi, R., Toma, L., Severini, F., and Di Luca, M. (2003). Susceptibility of Italian Populations of
Aedes albopictus to Temephos and to Other Insecticides. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 19: 419-423.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99599
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY,DM,PMR,FNTH; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TMP),NO CONTROL(CPY),TARGET(PMR).
182. Rongsriyam, Y., Prownebon, S., and Hirakoso, S. (1968). Effects of Insecticides on the Feeding
Activity of the Guppy, a Mosquito-Eating Fish, in Thailand. Bull. W.H.O. 39: 977-980.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 3663
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,HCCH,MLN,ATN,TMP,FNT,DDW,FNTH,DDT; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(DZ,HCCH,MLN,ATN,FNT,DDVP,FNTH,DDT),NOCONTROL(CPY,TMP).
183. Rouchaud, J., Gustin, F., Van de Steene, F., Pelerents, C., Benoit, F., Ceustermans, N., Van Parys, L.,
Seutin, E., De Proft, M., and Gillet, L. (1990). Plant Absorption and Metabolism of the Soil Applied
Chlorpyrifos, Chlorfenvinphos and Carbofuran Insecticides in Cabbage and Sugar Beet Crops.
Med.Fac.Landbouww.Rijksimiv.Gent 55: 1291-1300.
EcoReference No.: 101510
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
184. Rowsey, P. J. and Gordon, C. J. (1999). Tumor Necrosis Factor is Involved in Chlorpyrifos-Induced
Changes in Core Temperature in the Female Rat. Toxicol.Lett. 109: 51-59.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101294
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
185. Saghir, S. A., Mendrala, A. L., Bartels, M. J., Day, S. J., Hansen, S. C., Sushynski, J. M., and Bus, J. S.
(2006). Strategies to Assess Systemic Exposure of Chemicals in Subchronic/Chronic Diet and
Drinking Water Studies. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 211: 245-260.
EcoReferenceNo.: 95863
Chemical of Concern: SAC,PCP,CPY,24D; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.BEH: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(CPY,24D).
186. Saleh, M. S., Gaaboub, I. A., and Kassem, S. M. I. (1981). Larvicidal Effectiveness of Three
Controlled-Release Formulations of Dursban and Dimilin on Culex pipiens L. and Aedes aegypti (L.).
J.Agric.Sci.97(Part 1) 87-96.
EcoReferenceNo.: 15758
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
187. Samson, G. and Popovic, R. (1988). Use of Algal Fluorescence for Determination of Phytotoxicity of
Heavy Metals and Pesticides as Environmental Pollutants. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 16: 272-278.
EcoReferenceNo.: 13246
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY,DU,CuS; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(ATZ,CPY,DU,CuS).
188. Sanders, H. 0. and Cope, 0. B. (1968). The Relative Toxicities of Several Pesticides to Naiads of
Three Species of Stoneflies. Limnol.Oceanogr. 13: 112-117 (Author Communication Used) (Publ in
Part As 6797).
EcoReferenceNo.: 889
Chemical of Concern:
24DXY,AZ,CBL,CPY,DBN,DMT,DS,DU,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MLT,Naled,PYN,TFN,RTN,As,NaN3,A
TN,OXD,Captan,TBF,TMP,DCTP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(DS,24DXY,CPY,TBF,Naled,OXD,Captan,MLN,TMP,DCTP),LITEEVAL
CODED(CBL,DZ,MLT,DMT,RTN,NaN3,ATN),OK(AZ,DBN,DU,HCCH,PYN,TFN,As).
189. Schoettger, R. A. (1970). Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory. U.S.Dep.Interior, Bur.Sport
-------
Fish.Wildl.Res., Publ. 106: 2-40 (Publ in Part As 6797).
EcoReferenceNo.: 6615
Chemical of Concern: RSM,SZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,MLN,MP,Naled,24DXY,MCPB,ATM,TMP;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: SYS,ACC,MOR,BCM,POP; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(RSM,SZ,CBL,CPY,HCCH,MLN,MP,Naled,MCPB,ATM),NOENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(24DXY,TMP).
190. Scirocchi, A. and D'Erme, A. (1980). Toxicity of Seven Insecticides on Some Species of Fresh Water
Fishes. Riv.Parassitol. 41: 113-121 (ENG ABS) (ITA).
EcoReferenceNo.: 5165
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,TMP; Habitat: A: Rejection Code: NOFOREIGN,NO
CONTROL(MLN),NO CONTROL(TMP,CPY).
191. Scott, J. and Redmond, M. S. (1986). Acute Toxicity Tests with Chlorpyrifos and the Amphipod,
Rhepoxynius abronius. SAIC, Narmgansett, RI: 3 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3763
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
192. Sharma, D. P., Feree, D. C., and Hartman, F. 0. (1978). Influence of Pesticides on Photosynthesis in
Apple (Malus domestica Bork). Pesticides 12: 16-19.
EcoReferenceNo.: 98224
Chemical of Concern:
DOD,CPY,PRN,MOM,PHSL,SFR,Folpet,FBM,AZ,CBF,Captan,CBL,DEM,DZ,DCF,DMT,DINO,ES;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ES,DMT,DCF,DZ,CBL,Captan,SFR,MOM,CPY),NOCOC(PPG).
193. Shim, J. C. and Self, L. S. (1973). Toxicity of Agricultural Chemicals to Larvivorous Fish in Korean
Rice Fields. Trop.Med. 15: 123-130.
EcoReferenceNo.: 8977
Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,HCCH,MLN,CPY,MP,Naled,PCP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PCP,MLN),NO CONTROL(CPY,Naled,MP),OK(HCCH),NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(24DXY).
194. Singhal, R. N, Sarnat, H. B., and Davies, R. W. (1989). Unimpaired RNA Synthesis in Neurons and
Epithelial Cells in a Freshwater Leech Exposed to the Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos.
Sci.TotalEnviron. 83: 195-202.
EcoReference No.: 3187
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
195. Sinha, P. K., Pal, S., Kumar, K., Triar, S. B., and Singh, R. (1986). Thiodicarb, an Effective
Molluscicide for Grazer Snails of Blue Green Algae. J.Entomol.Res. 10: 116-118.
EcoReferenceNo.: 9
Chemical of Concern: ES,PRT,TDC,CBL,DZ,CP Y,CBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DZ,CBF,PRT,TDC),OK(ES),NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
196. Sivasithamparam, K. (1970). Some Effects of an Insecticide ("Dursban") and a Weedicide ("Linuron")
-------
on the Microflora of a Submerged Soil. Riso 19: 339-346 .
EcoReference No.: 101512
Chemical of Concern: LNR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
197. Srivastav, A. K., Srivastava, S. K., and Srivastava, A. K. (1997). Response of Serum Calcium and
Inorganic Phosphate of Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, to Chlorpyrifos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 58: 915-921.
EcoReference No.: 17984
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
198. Srivastava, S. K., Tiwari, P. R., and Srivastav, A. K. (1990). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Kidney of
Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 45: 748-751.
EcoReference No.: 3492
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
199. Srivastava, S. K., Tiwari, P. R., and Srivastav, A. K. (1990). Histological Alterations in the Liver
Architecture of a Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, After Chlorpyrifos Exposure. Ada
Hydrochim.Hydrobiol. 18: 279-282 .
EcoReference No.: 253
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
200. Srivastava, S. K., Tiwari, P. R., and Srivastava, A. K. (1989). Chlorpyrifos - Induced Histological
Changes in the Gill of Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Bol.Fisiol.Anim. (S.Paulo) 13: 23-
28.
EcoReference No.: 9660
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
201. Stevens, M. M. (1991). Insecticide Treatments Used Against a Rice Bloodworm, Chironomus tepperi
(Diptera: Chironomidae): Toxicity and Residual Effects in Water. J.Econ.Entomol. 84: 795-800.
EcoReference No.: 45075
Chemical of Concern: TCF,MLN,CPY,DZ,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(TCF,MLN,CPY,DZ,TMP).
202. Stevens, M. M. and Warren, G. N. (1995). Control of Chironomid Larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in
Establishing Rice Crops Using Starch-Based Chlorpyrifos Pellets. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 11: 206-
210.
EcoReference No.: 18433
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
Stevens, M. M. and Warren, G. N. (1992). Insecticide Treatments Used Against a Rice Bloodworm,
Chironomus tepperi (Diptera: Chironomidae): Suppression of Larval Populations. J.Econ.Entomol. 85:
1606-1613.
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EcoReference No.: 45076
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,MLN,TCF,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DZ),NO ENDPOINT(MLN,CPY,TCF,TMP).
204. Straus, D. L. and Chambers, J. E. (1995). Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Aliesterases of
Fingerling Channel Catfish by Chlorpyrifos, Parathion, and S,S,S-Tributyl Phosphorotrithioate.
Aquat.Toxicol. 33: 311-324.
EcoReference No.: 16122
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP.MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TBF,CPY).
205. Strickman, D. (1985). Aquatic Bioassay of 11 Pesticides Using Larvae of the Mosquito, Wyeomyia
smithii (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.35: 133-142.
EcoReference No.: 11480
Chemical of Concern: DDT,HPT,CPY,MLN,TMP,CBL,MOM,PPX,PMR,RSM,SMT; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR.GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(DDT,HPT,CPY,MLN,TMP,CBL,MOM,PPX,PMR,RSM,SMT).
206. Struble, D. L. and McDonald, S. (1973). Residue Analysis of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxygen Analogue in
Field-Treated Wheat Plants. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 769-772.
EcoReference No.: 101383
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
207. Subburaju, S. and Selvarajan, V. R. (1989). Chlorpyrifos Induced Changes in the Metabolites of the
Brain of the Edible Fish Tilapia mossambica (Peters). Zool.Jahrb.Abt.Allg.Zool.Physiol.Tiere 93: 389-
395.
EcoReference No.: 3313
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
208. Subburaju, S. and Selvarajan, V. R. (1988). Effect of Acute Toxic Concentration of Chlorpyrifos on
the Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Different Regions of the Brain of Edible Fish, Tilapia. Indian
J.Comp.Anim.Physiol. 6: 86-89.
EcoReference No.: 749
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
209. Sultatos, L. G. (1988). Factors Affecting the Hepatic Biotransformation of the Phosphorothioate
Pesticide Chlorpyrifos. Toxicology 51: 191-200.
EcoReference No.: 101732
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
210. Tagatz, M. E., Gregory, N. R., and Plaia, G. R. (1982). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Field- and
Laboratory-Developed Estuarine Benthic Communities. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 10: 411-421.
EcoReference No.: 3610
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
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211. Tanaka, A., Masago, H., Karino, K., andUjie, A. (1983). Determination of Trace Agrochemicals in
Water and Toxicity of Agrochemicals to Fish. 2. Toxicity of Decomposition Products From UV-
Irradiated Organophosphorus Agents in Water. C.A.Sel.-Environ.Pollut.l8:4 (1984) /Gunma-Ken
Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Nenpo 15: 119-122.
EcoReference No.: 12241
Chemical of Concern: DZ,MLN,CPYM,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MLN,CPYM,DZ).
212. Tang, J. X. and Siegfried, B. D. (1995). Comparative Uptake of a Pyrethroid and Organophosphate
Insecticide by Selected Aquatic Insects. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 55: 130-135.
EcoRef erence No.: 14956
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,PYT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(PMR,CPY).
213. Tang, L. C. and Hou, R. F. (1998). Potential Application of the Entomopathogenie Fungus, Nomuraea
rileyi for Control of the Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Entomol.Exp.Appl. 88: 25-30.
EcoRef erence No.: 98468
Chemical of Concern:
BTC,TFN,24D,PDM,GYP,FXP,FNV,DCM,MOM,CPY,IPD,Zineb,Maneb,GYP,CBF,BFT,BPZ,MW;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: OK(CBF),TARGET(Maneb,IPD),NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,BFT,MOM,FNV,OXF,24D,GYP).
214. Tawfik, M. S. and Gooding, R. H. (1970). Dursban and Abate Clay Granules for Larval Mosquito
Control in Alberta . Mosq.News 30: 461-464.
EcoRef erence No.: 13958
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,TMP).
215. Thayer, A. and Ruber, E. (1976). Previous Feeding History as a Factor in the Effects of Temephos and
Chlorpyrifos on Migration of Gammarus fasciatus (Amphipoda, Crustacea). Mosq.News 36: 429-432
(Used 5164 As Ref).
EcoRef erence No.: 5166
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,TMP).
216. Thirugnanam, M. and Forgash, A. J. (1977). Environmental Impact of Mosquito Pesticides: Toxicity
and Anticholinesterase Activity of Chlorpyrifos to Fish in a Salt Marsh Habitat.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 5: 415-425.
EcoRef erence No.: 5143
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
217. Thompson, A. R. and Gore, F. L. (1972). Toxicity of Twenty-Nine Insecticides to Folsomia Candida:
Laboratory Studies. J.Econ.Entomol. 65: 1255-1260.
EcoReference No.: 40474
Chemical of Concern:
CBL,HCCH,AND,AZ,DDT,DLD,MOM,EN,PRN,MP,DS,CBF,DZ,CPY,CHD,PRT,FNT,ADC,FNF,H
PT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
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218. Tilak, K. S., Rao, D. K., and Veeraiah, K. (2005). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Histopathology of the
Fish Catla catla. J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Monit. 15: 127-140.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101509
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
219. Tilak, K. S., Veeraiah, K., and Rao, D. K. (2005). Biochemical Changes Induced by Chlorpyrifos, an
Organophosphate Compound in Sublethal Concentrations to the Freshwater Fish Catla catla, Labeo
rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. J.Environ.Biol. 26: 341-347.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101898
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,GRO; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
220. Timchalk, C., Campbell, J. A., Liu, G., Lin, Y., and Kousba, A. A. (2007). Development of a Non-
Invasive Biomonitoring Approach to Determine Exposure to the Organophosphorus Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos in Rat Saliva. ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol. 219: 217-225.
EcoReferenceNo.: 96517
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
221. Tsai, S. C. (1978). Control of Chironomids inMilkfish (Chanos chanos) Ponds with Abate (Temephos)
Insecticide . Tram.Am.Fish.Soc. 107: 493-499.
EcoReferenceNo.: 5687
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,TMP).
222. Tsuda, T., Aoki, S., Kojima, M, and Fujita, T. (1992). Accumulation and Excretion of Pesticides Used
in Golf Courses by Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Willow Shiner (Gnathopogon caerulescens).
Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 101: 63-66.
EcoReferenceNo.: 60169
Chemical of Concern: SZ,Captan,CTN,CPY,IPD,ACC,FTL; Habitat: A: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(SZ,Captan,CTN,CPY,IPD,ACC,FTL).
223. Tsuda, T., Kojima, M., Harada, H., Nakajima, A., and Aoki, S. (1997). Relationships of
Bioconcentration Factors of Organophosphate Pesticides Among Species of Fish.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 116: 213-218.
EcoReferenceNo.: 19012
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DS,DZ,MDT,FNTH,FNT,IFP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY,DS,DZ,MDT,FNTH,FNT,IFP).
224. U.S.Bur.of Comm.Fish. (1965). Unpublished Laboratory Data (Chlorpyrifos/Dursban 12-20-65).
U.S.EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 1 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 56466
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: NOC,GRO,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
225. Van den Brink, P. J., Van Donk, E., Gylstra, R., Crum, S. J. H., and Brock, T. C. M. (1995). Effects of
Chronic Low Concentrations of the Pesticides Chlorpyrifos and Atrazine in Indoor Freshwater
Microcosms. Chemosphere 31: 3181-3200.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 16152
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ATZ),NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
226. Van der Staay, M. (1992). Chemical Control of the Larvae of the Leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis
(Blanchard) in Lettuce. Meded.Fac.Landbouww. Univ.GentSl: 473-478.
EcoReferenceNo.: 96262
Chemical of Concern: CBF,PRN,CPY,MLN,DZ,ABM,MVP,DM,PPX,OML,CYR,MOM,DMT;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CBF,CPY,MLN,DZ,CYR,MOM,DMT).
227. Van der Wei, H. and Welling, W. (1989). Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase in Guppies (Poecilia
reticulata) by Chlorpyrifos at Sublethal Concentrations: Methodological Aspects.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 17: 205-215.
EcoReference No.: 488
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
228. Van Donk, E., Abdel-Hamid, M. I., Faafeng, B. A., and Kallqvist, T. (1992). Effects of Dursban 4E
and Its Carrier on Three Algal Species During Exponential and P-Limited Growth. Aquat.Toxicol. 23:
181-192.
EcoReferenceNo.: 6158
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
229. Van Donk, E., Prins, H., Voogd, H. M., Crum, S. J. H., and Brock, T. C. M. (1995). Effects of Nutrient
Loading and Insecticide Application on the Ecology of Elodea-Dominated Freshwater Microcosms. I.
Responses of Plankton and. Arch.Hydrobiol. 133:417-439.
EcoReferenceNo.: 17335
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
230. Van Wijngaarden, R. and Leeuwangh, P. (1989). Relation Between Toxicity in Laboratory and Pond:
An Ecotoxicological Study with Chlorpyrifos. Meded.Fac.Landbouwkd.Toegep.Biol. Wet.Univ.Gent
54: 1061-1069.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3237
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR,REP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY).
231. Verma, K. V. S. and Rahman, S. J. (1984). Determination of Minimum Lethal Time of Commonly
Used Mosquito Larvicides. J.Commun.Dis. 16: 162-164.
EcoReferenceNo.: 3661
Chemical of Concern: FNV,PMR,PIRM,TMP,FNTH,CPY,CYP,DCM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(FNV,PMR,PIRM,TMP,FNTH,CPY,CYP,DCM).
232. Villar, D., Li, M. H., and Schaeffer, D. J. (1993). Toxicity of Organophosphorus Pesticides to Dugesia
dorotocephala. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 80-87.
EcoReferenceNo.: 6817
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,MP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MLN,CPY,MP).
233. Wallace, R. R., West, A. S., Downe, A. E. R., and Hynes, H. B. N. (1973 ). The Effects of
Experimental Blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larviciding with Abate, Dursban, and Methoxychlor on
Stream Invertebrates. Can.Entomol. 105:817-831.
EcoReference No.: 2803
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,TMP).
234. Walsh, G. E., Deans, C. H., and McLaughlin, L. L. (1987). Comparison of the EC50s of Algal Toxicity
Tests Calculated by Four Methods. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 6: 767-770.
EcoReference No.: 99816
Chemical of Concern: HPT,TDC,CPY,PMR,MP,TBTA,TBTF,TBTO,TBTC1,CHD,PRT; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(TDC,CPY,PMR,MP,TBTF,TBTO).
235. Ward, S., Arthington, A. H., and Pusey, B. J. (1995). The Effects of a Chronic Application of
Chlorpyrifos on the Macroinvertebrate Fauna in an Outdoor Artificial Stream System: Species
Responses. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 30: 2-23.
EcoReference No.: 14224
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
236. Webb, D. R., Taylor, A. G., Hessney, M. L., and Eckenrode, C. J. (1992). Onion Maggot Control
Using Pelleted Trigard Seed Treatments, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 120 (61E).
EcoReference No.: 99765
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYR,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MZB),NO MIXTURE,NO ENDPOINT(CPY,CYR).
237. Weston, D. P. and Amweg, E. L. (2007). Whole-Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation Tools for
Pyrethroid Insecticides: II. Esterase Addition. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 26: 2397-2404.
EcoReference No.: 101731
Chemical of Concern: CdCl,DDT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: NO
CONC(CPY).
238. Williams, M. A. (1991). Insecticidal Control of Myrmecia pilosula F. Smith (Hymenoptera:
Formicidae). J.Aust.Entomol.Soc. 30: 93-94.
EcoReference No.: 99842
Chemical of Concern: CHD,PPX,BDC,DZ,CPY,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(DZ,CPY,PMR).
239. Wirth, M. C., Marquine, M., Georghiou, G. P., and Pasteur, N. (1990). Esterases A2 and B2 in Culex
quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae): Role in Organophosphate Resistance and Linkage.
J.Med.Entomol. 27: 202-206.
EcoReference No.: 100789
Chemical of Concern: PPX,CP Y,TMP,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(PPX,CPY,TMP,MLN).
240. Yap, H. H., Foo, A. E. S., Lee, C. Y., Chong, N. L., Awang, A. H., Baba, R., and Yahaya, A. M.
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(1996). Laboratory and Field Trials of Fenthion and Cyfluthrin Against Mansonia uniformis Larvae.
JVector Ecol. 21: 146-149.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100490
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CYF,CPY,TMP,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(PMR,CPY,TMP),OK(FNTH,CYF).
241. Yokoyama, T., Saka, H., Fujita, S., and Nishiuchi, Y. (1988). Sensitivity of Japanese Eel, Anguilla
japonica, to 68 Kinds of Agricultural Chemicals. Bull.Agric.Chem.Insp.Stn. 28: 26-33 (JPN) (ENG
ABS).
EcoReferenceNo.: 8570
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,Captan,CBL,CTN,DMT,DS,DZ,FO,HXZ,MDT,MLN,MOM,PPG,PSM,TET,CYP,FVL,PMR,TF
R,Cu,CuS,PCP,IZP,MCPPl,CMPH,PFF,FTL,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(PMR,PPG,PSM,DS,CPYM,CPY,HXZ,CMPH,PFF,DZ,FTL).
242. You, J., Landrum, P. F., and Lydy, M. J. (2006). Comparison of Chemical Approaches for Assessing
Bioavailability of Sediment-Associated Contaminants. Environ.Sci.Technol. 40: 6348-6353.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100204
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(PMR,CPY).
243. Zboray, E. P. and Gutierrez, M. C. (1979). Insecticide Susceptibility of Mosquitoes in California:
Status of Organophosphorus Resistance in Larval Culex tarsalis Through 1978, with Notes on
Mitigating the Problem. In: Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. 47: 26-28.
EcoReference No.: 101419
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,PRN,FNTH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(CPY,MLN,PRN,FNTH).
F.4.: Full List of Papers Accepted by ECOTOX and OPP from the 2009 ECOTOX Run:
Abdel-Nabi, I. M., El-Shenawy, N. S., Taha, I. A., and Moawad, T. S. (2007). Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and
Bioconcentration of Reldan and Roundup in the Edible Clam Ruditapes decussatus. Acta Zool.Sin. 53:
910-920.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109600
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,GYP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.ACC.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM).
Adamczyk, J. J. Jr., Fife, J. H., Leonard, B. R., and Graves, J. B. (1997). Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against
Lepidoptera in Cotton, 1996. ArthropodManag.Tests 22: 236-237 (42F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 92318
Chemical of Concern: CFP,TUZ,TDC,CPY,MFZ,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(MFZ),TARGET(TDC,TUZ,CFP).
Addison, P. J. and Barker, G. M. (2006). Effect of Various Pesticides on the Non-Target Species Microctonus
hyperodae, a Biological Control Agent of Listronotus bonariensis. Entomol.Exp.Appl. 119: 71-79.
EcoReferenceNo.: 86585
Chemical of Concern: 24DB,CPY,DFZ,GYPI,PQT,ASM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,REP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(GYPI,CPY,PQT,DFZ).
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Aguilera, L., Marquetti, M. D. C., Navarro, A., and Bisset, J. (1995). Effects of Three Organophosphorus
Insecticides in the Reproductive Potential of Culex quinquefasciatus. Mem.Imt.Oswaldo Cruz 90: 411-
413.
EcoReferenceNo.: 103416
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CP Y,PIRM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,REP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,PIRM,CPY).
Ahmad, M. (2004). Potentiation/Antagonism of Deltamethrin and Cypermethrins with Organophosphate Insecticides
in the Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 80: 31-
42.
EcoReferenceNo.: 107057
Chemical of Concern: CYP,DM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(DM,CYP).
Ahmad, M. (2008). Potentiation Between Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Insecticides in Resistant Field
Populations of Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan.
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 91: 24-31.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109371
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,ETN,FVL,FPP,CYF,PFF,BFT,CPY,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(EFV,CPY),TARGET(FPP,CYF,PFF,BFT,FVL).
Ahmad, M, Arif, M. L, and Ahmad, Z. (1999). Patterns of Resistance to Organophosphate Insecticides in Field
Populations of Helicoverpa armigera in Pakistan. Pestic.Sci. 55: 626-632.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109026
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PFF,MP,MTM,ETN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PFF,MP,MTM).
Ahmad, M. and Hollingworth, R. M. (2004). Synergism of Insecticides Provides Evidence of Metabolic
Mechanisms of Resistance in the Obliquebanded Leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae). PestManag.Sci. 60: 465-473.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108508
Chemical of Concern: PPB,CFP,TUZ,AZ,CYP,CPY,IDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CFP,TUZ,AZ,CYP),NO MIXTURE(PPB).
Ahmad, M., Iqbal Arif, M., and Ahmad, M. (2007). Occurrence of Insecticide Resistance in Field Populations of
Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Prot. 26: 809-817.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108867
Chemical of Concern: CYF,BFT,MOM,PFF,ES,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYF,BFT,MOM,PFF),OK(ES).
Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Crickmore, N, and Saleem, M. A. (2007). Genetics and Mechanism of Resistance to
Deltamethrin in a Field Population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PestManag.Sci. 63:
1002-1010.
EcoReference No.: 106134
Chemical of Concern: ES,DDT,PFF,SS,PFN,CFP,CPY,DM,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(DM,CYP).
Ahmed, M. T., Ahmed, Y. M., and Moustafa, A. S. (1987). Some Studies on the Development of Resistance to
Diflubenzuron in the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm. Meded.Fac.Landbouww.Rijksuniv.Gent 52: 477-483.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 93346
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,DFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP.BCM; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(DFZ,CYP),NO COC(TBF).
Ahmed, S. and Ahmad, M. (2006). Toxicity of Some Insecticides on Bracon hebetor Under Laboratory Conditions.
Phytoparasitica 34: 401-404.
EcoReferenceNo.: 104641
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,LCYT,EMMB,SS,IDC,AZD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),OK(AZD,LCYT,EMMB,SS,IDC).
Al-Badrany, Y. M. A. and Mohammad, F. K. (2007). Effects of Acute and Repeated Oral Exposure to the
Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Open-Field Activity in Chicks. Toxicol.Lett. 174: 110-116.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108196
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. (1978). Effects of Chironomid Larvicides and Diflubenzuron on Nontarget Invertebrates in
Residential-Recreational Lakes. Environ.Entomol. 7: 21-27.
EcoReference No.: 5133
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFZ,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,DFZ),OK(TMP).
All, J. N. and All, J. D. (1987). Field Corn, Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl Stage Field Corn, Conventional
Tillage and no Tillage, 1986. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 181-182(213).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88712
Chemical of Concern: PPB,CBL,BFT,FNV,CYP,TLM,CPY,EFV,CYF,CYH,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(PPB,CBL,BFT,FNV,CYP,TLM,CYF,MOM).
All, J. N. and Jellum, M. D. (1977). Efficacy of Insecticide-Nematocides on Sphenophorus callosus and
Phytophagous Nematodes in Field Corn. J.Ga.Entomol.Soc. 12:291-297.
EcoReferenceNo.: 39684
Chemical of Concern: EP,CBF,ACP,FNF,ADC,PRN,OML,PRT,CPY,TBO,PHSL; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBF,
ADC,PRT,ACP,EP),EFFICACY(OML,TBO).
Alvarez, A. A., Ramirez-San Juan, E., and Canizales-Roman, A. (2008). Chlorpyrifos Induces Oxidative Stress in
Rats. Toxicol.Environ.Chem. 90: 1019-1025.
EcoReferenceNo.: 112004
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Ambali, S., Akanbi, D., Igbokwe, N., Shittu, M., Kawu, M., and Ayo, J. (2007). Evaluation of Subchronic
Chlorpyrifos Poisoning on Hematological and Serum Biochemical Changes in Mice and Protective Effect
of Vitamin C. J.Toxicol.Sci. 32: 111-120 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 108516
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
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Ansari, M. A., Shah, F. A., Tiny, L., and Moens, M. (2006). Field Trials Against Hoplia philanthus (Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae) with a Combination of an Entomopathogenic Nematode and the Fungus Metarhizium
anisopliae CLO 53. Biol.Control 39: 453-459.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92881
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Archer, T. L., Bynum, E. D. Jr., and Plapp, F. W. Jr. (1994). Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Greenbugs (Homoptera:
Aphididae): Cross-Resistance and Synergism. J.Econ.Entomol. 87: 1437-1440.
EcoReferenceNo.: 103314
Chemical of Concern: MLN,AMZ,PPB,CBF,ACP,TBF,CPY,DMT,EFV,MOM,OXD; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(EFV,MOM,CBF,AMZ),OK(MLN,PPB,ACP,TBF,DMT,OXD).
Arne, C. N, Becker, S. A., and Bailey, W. C. (1991). Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri (Northern), 1989.
Imectic.Acaric.Tests 16: 123 (IF).
EcoReferenceNo.: 90636
Chemical of Concern: CBL,PMR,EFV,CYF,CYP,CBF,LCYT,PSM,TDC,CPY,MLN,DMT ; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(CBL,EFV,CYF,CYP,CBF,PSM,TDC,MLN,DMT).
Arthur, F. (1989). Pests of Stored Peanuts: Toxicity and Persistence of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl. J.Econ.Entomol. 82:
660-664.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108868
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM).
Arthur, F. H. (1992). Control of Lesser Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) with Chlorpyrifos-Methyl,
Bioresmethrin, and Resmethrin: Effect of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Resistance and Environmental Degradation
. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 1471-1475.
EcoReference No.: 70407
Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM),NO ENDPOINT(RSM).
Arthur, F. H. (1992). Residual Efficacy of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl + Bioresmethrin and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl +
Resmethrin for Controlling Lesser Grain Borers (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Rice Weevils (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae), and Red Flour Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Stored Wheat. J.Econ.Entomol. 85:
570-575.
EcoReference No.: 70789
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,RSM,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM),TARGET(RSM),NOMIXTURE(PPB).
Atallah, M. A., Abdelnaby, A. A., and Karaman, G. E. (1979). Laboratory Assessment of Relative Toxicity of Some
Organic Insecticides to the Honey Bee. Bull.Entomol.Soc.Egypt, Econ.Ser. 11: 149-154.
EcoReferenceNo.: 110898
Chemical of Concern: MOM,PFF,FNV,CPY,DFZ,MTM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(DFZ,MTM,MOM),OK(PFF,FNV).
Babu, T. R. and Ramanamurthy, G. (1999). Residual Toxicity of Pesticides to the Adults of Cryptolaemus
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montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera). Int.Pest Control 41: 137-138.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92067
Chemical of Concern: ACP,ES,CPY,FNV,CYP,CTN,AZD,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),OK(CTN,MZB),TARGET(FNV,CYP,AZD).
Bacheler, J. S. and Mott, D. W. (1994). Evaluation of High Rates of Selected Insecticides Against Fall Armyworm
in Southern North Carolina, 1993. ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 218 (58F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 96146
Chemical of Concern: MOM, SPS,CPY,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MOM,TDC).
Baker, J. E., Weaver, D. K., Throne, J. E., and Zettler, J. L. (1995). Resistance to Protectant Insecticides in Two
Field Strains of the Stored-Product Insect Parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 88: 512-519.
EcoReference No.: 63403
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,PIRM,CYF,MLN,DM,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPYM,PIRM,MLN,DM),OK(CYF),NO MIXTURE(TBF).
Baker, P. B. (1986). Responses by Japanese and Oriental Beetle Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to Bendiocarb,
Chlorpyrifos, and Isofenphos. J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 452-454 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 63635
Chemical of Concern: BDC,CPY,IFP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Bale, J. S., Ekebuisi, M., and Wright, C. (1992). Effect of Seed Bed Preparation, Soil Structure and Release Time on
the Toxicity of a Range of Grassland Pesticides to the Carabid Beetle Pterostichus melanarius (111.) (Col,
Carabidae) Using a Microplot Technique. J.Appl.Entomol. 113: 175-182.
EcoReference No.: 63623
Chemical of Concern: FNF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Barson, G. (1991). Laboratory Assessment of the Residual Toxicity of Commercial Formulations of Insecticides to
Adult Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Exposed for Short Time Intervals. J.Stored
ProdRes. 21:205-211.
EcoReferenceNo.: 63638
Chemical of Concern: FNT,CPYM,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM),TARGET(PIRM,FNT).
Baruah, K. and Sharma, S. K. (1999). Laboratory Evaluation of Chloropyrifos-Methyl as a Mosquito Larvicide.
J.Entomol.Res. 23: 175-177.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108517
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Baxendale, F. P., Shearman, R. C., and Wit, L. A. (1988). Annual White Grub Control in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1987.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 330 (7G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88813
Chemical of Concern: EP,DZ,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
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CODED(CBL,DZ,CPY),TARGET(EP).
Bebe, F. N. and Panemangalore, M. (2003). Exposure to Low Doses of Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos Modifies
Endogenous Antioxidants in Tissues of Rats. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 38: 349-363.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101889
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(ES,CPY).
Bednarska, A. J., Portka, I., Kramarz, P. E., and Laskowski, R. (2009). Combined Effect of Environmental
Pollutants (Nickel, Chlorpyrifos) and Temperature on the Ground Beetle, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus
(Coleoptera: Carabidae). Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 28: 864-872.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109623
Chemical of Concern: CPY,NiCl; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(NiCl).
Beiras, R. and Bellas, J. (2008). Inhibition of Embryo Development of the Mytilus galloprovincialis Marine Mussel
by Organic Pollutants; Assessment of Risk for Its Extensive Culture in the Galician Rias. Aquaculture 111'.
208-212.
EcoReference No.: 111791
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH,TBT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: REP.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,HCCH,TBT).
Bellas, J., Beiras, R., Marino-Balsa, J. C., and Fernandez, N. (2005). Toxicity of Organic Compounds to Marine
Invertebrate Embryos and Larvae: A Comparison Between the Sea Urchin Embryogenesis Bioassay and
Alternative Test Species. Ecotoxicology 14: 337-353.
EcoReferenceNo.: 102068
Chemical of Concern: DU,TBT,HCCH,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(DU,CPY),OK(TBT,HCCH).
Bellows, T. S. Jr., Morse, J. G., and Gaston, L. K. (1995). Effect of Pesticide Residues on Mortality of Aphytis
melinus DeBach (Hym., Aphelinidae) in Munger Cells and Larger Containers. JAppl.Entomol. 119: 245-
250.
EcoReferenceNo.: 106439
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,MDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CBL,MDT).
Betancourt, A. M., Filipov, N. M., and Carr, R. L. (2007). Alteration of Neurotrophins in the Hippocampus and
Cerebral Cortex of Young Rats Exposed to Chlorpyrifos and Methyl Parathion. Toxicol.Sci. 100: 445-455.
EcoReferenceNo.: 104725
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,MP).
Bhanot, J. P., Batra, G. R., Kashyap, R. K., and Verma, A. N. (1994). Effect of Seed Treatment with Insecticides on
Germination in Mustard (Brassicajuncea). Seed Res. 22'. 179-180.
EcoReferenceNo.: 106077
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CBL,AND,HPT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ES,CPY,CBL).
Bhavani, B. and Rao, P. R. M. (2004). Bioefficacy of Thiamethoxam (Actara 20 WG) Against Rice Planthoppers
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(BPH/WBPH) in Irrigated Field Conditions. Pestology 28: 41-44.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82552
Chemical of Concern: FPN,CBF,LCYT,DM,THO,TMX,BPZ,DKGNa,CPY,AMZ,MFZ; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(FPN,CBF,LCYT,DM,THO,TMX,DKGNa,MFZ,CPY),NOMLXTURE(BPZ).
Bishop, B., Grafius, E., Henry, P., Roragen, K., Maier, R., Stehr, M., and Linn, M. (1992). Colorado Potato Beetle
Control, 1989. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 122-124 (64E).
EcoReference No.: 79785
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,CYH,EFV,ADC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,ADC,EFV,CPY).
Blodgett, S. L., Denke, P. M., Me, M. A., O'Brien, C. W., and Lenssen, A. W. (1997). Listronotus montanus Dietz
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Damaging Spring Wheat in Montana. Can.Entomol. 129:377-378.
EcoReferenceNo.: 94973
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MP,CPY).
Boetel, M. A. and Fuller, B. W. (1999). Planting-Time and Post-Emergence Insecticide Treatments for Controlling
Corn Rootworms in South Dakota, 1998. ArthropodManag.Tests 24: 209-210 (F21).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88058
Chemical of Concern: PBP,TBO,TFT,CEX,CPY,PRT,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(PBP),TARGET(TBO,CEX,PRT,CBF).
Boetel, M. A., Fuller, B. W., and Jenson, J. M. (1994). Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota Using
Planting-Time Soil Insecticide Applications, 1993. Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 188-189 (24F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 106256
Chemical of Concern: TBO,FNF,FPN,TFT,CEX,CPY,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(TBO,FPN,CEX),OK(PRT).
Boetel, M. A., Fuller, B. W., Jenson, J. M., and Chambers, W. W. (1994). Planting-Time Insecticide Applications to
Control Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1992. Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 186-188 (23F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 106255
Chemical of Concern: TBO,FNF,TFT,CPY,PRT,CEX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(TBO,CEX),OK(PRT).
Boetel, M. A., Fuller, B. W., Thompson, D. J., Voss, T. S., and Smith, M. P. (1996). Rescue Insecticide
Applications for Management of Pale Western Cutworms in Winter Wheat, 1995. Arthropod Manag.Tests
21: 320(163F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 91439
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,TLM,LCYT,PMR,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(MP,TLM,CYP).
Booth, L. H., Bithell, S. L., Wratten, S. D., and Heppelthwaite, V. J. (2003). Vineyard Pesticides and Their Effects
on Invertebrate Biomarkers and Bioindicator Species in New Zealand. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 71:
1131-1138.
EcoReference No.: 73642
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TUZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
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EVAL CODED(CPYJUZ).
Bowman, J. S. (1987). Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 113
(122).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88724
Chemical of Concern: EFV,PMR,CPY,MP,FNV,CBL,MOM,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(EFV,FNV,MP,CBL,MOM,TDC).
Bowman, J. S. and Barry, D. W. (1992). Control on Late Season Sweet Corn with Foliar Sprays, 1990.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 101 (33E).
EcoReference No.: 79278
Chemical of Concern: CYH,FNV,PMR,CPY,MOM,EFV,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(EFV,CPY),TARGET(CBL,MOM,FNV),OK(PMR).
Boyd, W. A., McBride, S. J., and Freedman, J. H. (2007). Effects of Genetic Mutations and Chemical Exposures on
Caenorhabditis elegans Feeding: Evaluation of a Novel, High-Throughput Screening Assay. PLoS ONE 2:
1-8.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108507
Chemical of Concern: CdC12,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Brandenburg, R. L. (1985). The Effect of Field Applications of Insecticides for Variegated Cutworm, Peridroma
saucia (Hubner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) Control on Non-Target Arthropods in Alfalfa.
J.Kam.Entomol.Soc. 58: 437-441.
EcoReference No.: 63402
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL,MOM).
Brar, D. S. and Sandhu, G. S. (1991). Effect of Insecticidal Incorporations on the Growth and Yield of White Button
Mushroom. In: M. J.Maker (Ed.), Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Balkema, Rotterdam,
Netherlands 477-486.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87134
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH,ADC,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.REP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ADC,CPY,CBF),OK(HCCH).
Broadley, R. H. (1983). Toxicity of Insecticides to Coccinella repanda Thunberg and Harmonia octomaculata
(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Qld.J.Agric.Anim.Sci. 40: 125-127.
EcoReference No.: 70342
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY,PFF,MDT,CYP,DM,PMR,SPS,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ES),TARGET(MOM,PFF,MDT,CYP,DM).
Brown, L. R., Eads, C. 0., Crisp, C. E., and Page, M. (1979). Control of a Jeffrey Pine Needleminer by Spraying
and Trunk Implantation and Resultant Acephate Residues. J.Econ.Entomol. 72: 51-54.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99767
Chemical of Concern:
FNV,CBF,DS,RSM,TCF,CBL,MXC,ACP,DMT,PMR,PSM,PHSL,CPY,HCCH,FNT,MLN,DZ; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: ACC.POP.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(ACP,PMR),TARGET(CBF,DS,RSM,TCF,CBL,DMT,PSM,MLN,FNT,DZ).
-------
Brown, T. M, Bryson, P. K., and Payne, G. T. (1996). Synergism by Propynyl Aryl Ethers in Permethrin-Resistant
Tobacco Budworm Larvae, Heliothis virescens. Pestic.Sci. 43: 323-331.
EcoReferenceNo.: 63595
Chemical of Concern: PPB,DDT,ES,PFF,AMZ,SPS,FYT,FNV,FPP,MP,CPY,PMR,CYP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO
MIXTURE(PPB,AMZ),OK(PMR),TARGET(MP,PFF,SPS,CYP,FPP,FNV,FYT,DDT),NO
ENDPOINT(ES).
Brun, L. 0., Marcillaud, C., Gaudichon, V., and Suckling, D. M. (1994). Cross Resistance Between Insecticides in
Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from New Caledonia.
Bull.Entomol.Res. 84: 175-178.
EcoReferenceNo.: 63401
Chemical of Concern: PPB,ES,HCCH,DLD,AND,MLN,CPY,PIRM,FNT,DZ,AV,CBL; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(MLN,PIRM,FNT,DZ,CBL,AV),NOMIXTURE(PPB).
Buhler, W. G., Gibb, T. J., and Meyers, H. B. (1994). Spring Management of White Grubs in Chesterfield, IN, 1993.
ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 321 (51G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 106253
Chemical of Concern: TCF,DZ,CBL,CPY,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CPY),TARGET(TCF,DZ,CBL,EP).
Byrne, F. J. and Toscano, N. C. (2001). An Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase Confers Resistance to Methomyl in the
Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 524-528.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58604
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO),TARGET(MOM).
Byrne, F. J. and Toscano, N. C. (2000). Levels of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticide Resistance
Conferred by Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in the Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner).
Proc.Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2: 1006-1008.
EcoReference No.: 76827
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYO),TARGET(MOM).
Caceres, T., He, W., Naidu, R., and Megharaj, M. (2007). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and TCP Alone and in
Combination to Daphnia carinata: The Influence of Microbial Degradation in Natural Water. Water Res.
41:4497-4503.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108495
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,TCP).
Campbell, C. G., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (1997). Chlorpyrifos Interferes with Cell Development in Rat
Brain Regions. BrainRes.Bull. 43: 179-189.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108494
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Carr, R. L. and Nail, C. A. (2008). Effect of Different Administration Paradigms on Cholinesterase Inhibition
-------
Following Repeated Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Late Preweanling Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 106: 186-192.
EcoReference No.: 108518
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Carr, R. L., Richardson, J. R., Guarisco, J. A., Kachroo, A., Chambers, J. E., Couch, T. A., Durunna, G. C., and
Meek, E. C. (2002). Effects of PCB Exposure on the Toxic Impact of Organophosphorus Insecticides.
Toxicol.Sci. 67:311-321.
EcoReference No.: 69387
Chemical of Concern: MPO,CPYO,CPY,MP,PRN,PCB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MP,MPO,CPY,CPYO),OK(PRN)//NO RESIDUE(PCB).
Chandler, K. J. and Erbacher, J. P. (1997). Susceptibility of Canegrubs to the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos.
Proc.Conf.Aust.Soc.Sugar Cane Technol. 19: 118-126.
EcoReference No.: 72321
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Chandler, L. D. and Ruberson, J. R. (1996). Toxicity of Four Common Insecticides to Field-Collected Beet
Army worm Larvae. Southwest.Entomol. 21: 189-203.
EcoReference No.: 68637
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,DFZ,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,DFZ,TDC).
Chappel, M. J. (2001). Evaluation of the Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)
Using Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment and Toxic Equivalent Techniques. M.S. Thesis, Univ.of
Guelph, Ontario Canada 223 p. (UMI# MQ65913).
EcoReference No.: 111434
Chemical of Concern: TFN,ES1,DZ,AZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(TFN,ES1,DZ,AZ,CPY).
Childers, C. C. and Nigg, H. N. (1982). Contact Toxicity of Insecticides to Adults of the Coffee Bean Weevil
(Coleoptera: Anthribidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 75: 556-559 .
EcoReference No.: 107388
Chemical of Concern:
FNV,FVL,PMR,BDC,OML,AND,ES,ACP,CPY,DZ,ETN,IFP,MLN,MDT,PHSL,SPS,TCF,AMZ; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR,ES),TARGET(FNV,FVL,MOM,OML,ACP,AZ,DZ,MLN,MDT,PSM,TCF,AMZ
),NO COC(MOM).
Childers, C. C., Villanueva, R., Aguilar, H., Chewning, R., and Michaud, J. P. (2001). Comparative Residual
Toxicities of Pesticides to the Predator Agistemus industani (Acari: Stigmaeidae) on Citrus in Florida.
ExpAppl.Acarol. 25: 461-474.
EcoReference No.: 78988
Chemical of Concern:
DFZ,ALSV,ETN,PRB,CBL,FTT,FO,CPY,DCF,CuOH,SFR,AZD,CuS,FBM,BMY,MLN,PPG,FNB,CFP;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(BMY,MLN,CPY),OK(PRB,DCF,AZD,FBM,PPG,FNB,CFP),NO
MIXTURE(ALSV,ETN,CuOH,CuS),TARGET(CBL,FBOX,DFZ,FTT,SFR).
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Chio, H., Chang, C. S., Metcalf, R. L., and Shaw, J. (1978). Susceptibility of Four Species of Diabrotica to
Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 389-393.
EcoReference No.: 63297
Chemical of Concern: PMR,AND,HPT,DDT,MXC,CBL,CBF,CPY,DZ,FNF,MLN,PRT,TBO; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(MLN,PMR,CBL,DZ,PRT,TBO),TARGET(CBF).
Choo, H. Y., Kim, H. H., and Kaya, H. K. (1998). Effects of Selected Chemical Pesticides on Agamermis unka
(Nematoda: Mermithidae), a Parasite of the Brown Plant Hopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Biocontrol
Sci.Technol. 8: 413-427.
EcoReference No.: 63774
Chemical of Concern: DZ,FNT,CPY,BPZ,CBF,FNTH,IMC,EFX; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,EFX,IMC,CBF,FNT,CPY).
Given, M, Brown, C. B., and Morin, R. J. (1977). Effects of Organophosphate Insecticides on Adrenal Cholesteryl
Ester and Steroid Metabolism. Biochem.Pharmacol.26'. 1901-1907.
EcoReference No.: 36173
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.GRO.BEH.BCM: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CYPO),NO ENDPOINT(DDW).
Clemens, C. G., Fitzpatrick, B. J., Boyd, M. L., Mascarenhas, R. N, Boethel, D. J., Cook, D., and Burris, G. (1997).
Bean Leaf Beetle and Soybean Looper Control on Soybean, 1996. ArthropodManag. Tests 22: 310 (123F).
EcoReference No.: 91336
Chemical of Concern: SS,TDC,CFP,EMMB,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(TDC,CFP),NO MIXTURE(EMMB).
Colville, A., Jones, P., Pablo, F., Krassoi, F., Hose, G., and Lim, R. (2008). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on
Macroinvertebrate Communities in Coastal Stream Mesocosms. Ecotoxicology 17: 173-180.
EcoReference No.: 108492
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Costa, L. G. and Murphy, S. D. (1984). Interaction Between Acetaminophen and Organophosphates in Mice.
Res.Commun.Chem.Pathol.Pharmacol. 44: 389-400.
EcoReference No.: 103152
Chemical of Concern: ATP,CPYM,MP,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM,MP,DDVP).
Crommentuijn, T., Doodeman, C. J. A. M., Doornekamp, A., and Van Gestel, C. A. M. (1997). Life-Table Study
with the Springtail Folsomia Candida (Willem) Exposed to Cadmium, Chlorpyrifos and Triphenyltin
Hydroxide. In: N.M. Van Straalen andH.Lokke (Eds.), Ecological Risk Assessment of Contaminants in
Soil, Chapman and Hall, London 275-291.
EcoReference No.: 48438
Chemical of Concern: CdCl,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO.REP. MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY)//No Media:Flt, OM, pH.
Cross, J. V. (1997). Susceptibility of the Summer Fruit Tortrix Moth, Adoxophyes orana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae),
to Chlorpyrifos and Strategies for Insecticidal Control in Orchards. Ann.Appl.Biol. 131: 197-212.
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EcoReference No.: 63259
Chemical of Concern: TUZ,HFR,CBL,FYC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(TUZ,HFR,CBL,FYC).
Cross, J. V. and Berrie, A. M. (1994). Effects of Repeated Foliar Sprays of Insecticides or Fungicides on
Organophosphate-Resistant Strains of the Orchard Predatory Mite Typhlodromus pyri on Apple. Crop
Prot. 13: 39-44.
EcoReference No.: 90375
Chemical of Concern: Captan,CYP,PIRM,CPY,CBL,BMY,TPM,Zn,Maneb,MZB,DINO; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(BMY,CBL,CPY,Captan,MZB),OK(DINO,TPM),TARGET(CYP,PIRM),NO
MIXTURE(Maneb,Zn).
Cross, J. V. and Burgess, C. M. (1997). Localised Insecticide Treatment for the Control of Vine Weevil Larvae
(Otiorhynchus sulcatus) on Field-Grown Strawberry. Crop Prot. 16: 565-574.
EcoReference No.: 63258
Chemical of Concern: CPY,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .REP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(IMC).
Crumpton, T. L., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2000). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos In Vivo and
In Vitro: Effects on Nuclear Transcription Factors Involved in Cell Replication and Differentiation. Brain
Res. 857: 87-98.
EcoReference No.: 101894
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.ACC; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Daam, M. A., Crum, S. J. H., Van den Brink, P. J., and Nogueira, A. J. A. (2008). Fate and Effects of the Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos in Outdoor Plankton-Dominated Microcosms in Thailand. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 27: 2530-
2538.
EcoReference No.: 107372
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.BCM.MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Daam, M. A., Van den Brink, P. J., and Nogueira, A. J. A. (2008). Impact of Single and Repeated Applications of
the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Tropical Freshwater Plankton Communities. Ecotoxicology 17: 756-771.
EcoReference No.: 108318
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Daglish, G. J. (2008). Impact of Resistance on the Efficacy of Binary Combinations of Spinosad, Chlorpyrifos-
Methyl and s-Methoprene Against Five Stored-Grain Beetles. J.StoredProd.Res. 44: 71-76.
EcoReference No.: 111787
Chemical of Concern: MTPN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(MTPN).
Daglish, G. J., Hall, E. A., Zorzetto, M. J., Lambkin, T. M., and Erbacher, J. M. (1993). Evaluation of Protectants
for Control of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Navybeans (Phaseolus vulgaris
(L.)). J.StoredProd.Res. 29: 215-219.
EcoReference No.: 70523
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Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNT,PIRM,PMR,DM,CPYM,BRSM,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR.REP; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(BRSM,CPYM,),OK(FNT,PIRM,PMR,DM),TARGET(CBL,MLN).
Dam, K., Garcia, S. J., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (1999). Neonatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure Alters Synaptic
Development and Neuronal Activity in Cholinergic and Catecholaminergic Pathways. Dev.Brain Res. 116:
9-20.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101895
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Dam, K., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2000). Chlorpyrifos Exposure During a Critical Neonatal Period Elicits
Gender-Selective Deficits in the Development of Coordination Skills and Locomotor Activity. Dev.Brain
Res. 121: 179-187.
EcoReferenceNo.: 107548
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH.REP.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Dam, K., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (1998). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos: Delayed Targeting
ofDNA Synthesis After Repeated Administration. Dev.Brain Res. 108: 39-45.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101896
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.BCM; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
De Angelis, S., Tassinari, R., Maranghi, F., Eusepi, A., Di Virgilio, A., Chiarotti, F., Ricceri, L., Venerosi
Pesciolini, A., Gilardi, E., Moracci, G., Calamandrei, G., Olivieri, A., and Mantovani, A. (2009).
Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Induces Alterations in Thyroid and Thyroid Hormone Levels
Without Other Toxicity Signs in Cdl Mice. Toxciol.Sci. 108: 311-319.
EcoReferenceNo.: 110644
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
De Freitas Bueno, A., De Freitas Bueno, R. C. 0., Parra, J. R. P., and Vieira, S. S. (2008). Effects of Pesticides Used
in Soybean Crops to the Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. Cienc.Rural 38: 1495-1503.
EcoReferenceNo.: 110225
Chemical of Concern: MFZ,MOM,CPY,EFV,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(MOM,CPY),OK(MFZ,EFV,ES).
DeBarr, G. L. and Fedde, V. H. (1980). Contact Toxicity of 17 Insecticides to Larvae of Dioryctria amatella
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Can.Entomol. 112: 521-523.
EcoReference No.: 106194
Chemical of Concern: AZ,DM,CPY,CPYM,FNV,PMR,FNT,PSM,DCTP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,CPYM),TARGET(DM,FNV,PMR,FNT,PSM,DCTP,AZ).
Delpuech, J. M, Bardon, C., and Bouletreau, M. (2005). Increase of the Behavioral Response to Kairomones by the
Parasitoid Wasp Leptopilina heterotoma Surviving Insecticides. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 49 : 186-
191.
EcoReference No.: 107152
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Chemical of Concern: DM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR.BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,DM).
Delpuech, J. M, Froment, B., Fouillet, P., Pompanon, F., Janillon, S., and Bouletreau, M. (1998). Inhibition of Sex
Pheromone Communications of Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera) by the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 17: 1107-1113.
EcoReference No.: 48629
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Delpuech, J. M., Gareau, E., Terrier, 0., and Fouillet, P. (1998). Sublethal Effects of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on
the Sex Pheromonal Communication of Trichogramma brassicae. Chemosphere 36: 1775-1785.
EcoReference No.: 48628
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Dennehy, T. J., Taft, T. N, and Crowe, H. J. (1987). Performance of Insecticides for Grape Berry Moth, (GBM)
1985. ImecticAcaric.Tests 12: 79 (075).
EcoReference No.: 88518
Chemical of Concern: MP,FPP,BFT,PRN,CYF,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),EFFICACY(MP,FPP,BFT,CYF,CBL).
DePew, L. J. (1988). Suppression of Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Sunflower with Selected
Insecticides. J.Kam.Entomol.Soc. 61: 235-237.
EcoReference No.: 91616
Chemical of Concern: MP,CYH,CYF,CBF,CPY,FNV,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MP,CYF,FNV,EFV,CBF).
DeVries, T. A. and Wright, R. J. (1996). Evaluation of Microbial and Conventional Insecticides for Control of
Larval European Corn Borer on Whorl Stage Corn, Clay Center, NE, 1995. ArthropodManag.Tests 21:
218 (35F).
EcoReference No.: 95500
Chemical of Concern: PMR,LCYT,CPY,FNF,TFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR,TFZ).
Dimitrov, B. and Gadeva, P. (1997). Genotoxicity Studies on the Insecticide Dursban in Root Meristem Cells of
Crepis capillaris L. Environ.Exp.Bot. 37: 199-209.
EcoReference No.: 64643
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Domingues, I., Guilhermino, L., Scares, A. M. V. M., Nogueira, A. J. A., and Monaghan, K. A. (2008). Influence of
Exposure Scenario on Pesticide Toxicity in the Midge Kiefferulus calligaster (Kieffer).
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. PRESS: 8 p.
EcoReference No.: 103655
Chemical of Concern: CBD,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CBD,CPY).
Dunley, J. E. and Welter, S. C. (2000). Correlated Insecticide Cross-Resistance in Azinphosmethyl Resistant
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Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 955-962.
EcoReferenceNo.: 58566
Chemical of Concern: AZM,DZ,CBL,DDT,EFV,FPP,CPY,MP,PSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(PSM,DZ,CBL,EFV,FPP,MP).
Dwivedi, S. C. and Kumar, R. (1997). Effects of Synthetic Pyrethroids and Organophosphates on Hatching of Beetle
Trogoderma granarium. J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Monit. 7: 067-069.
EcoReference No.: 63827
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CPY,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYP,FNV).
Echtenkamp, G. W. and Hunt, T. E. (2006). Control of Soybean Aphid in Soybeans, 2005. ArthropodManag.Tests
31: 2 p. (F33).
EcoReferenceNo.: 110060
Chemical of Concern: MLX,IMC,ACP,CPY,AZX,EFV,CYF,BFT,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,MOM),OK(EFV,CYF,BFT,ACP,IMC),NO
MIXTURE(AZX,MLX).
Edelson, J. V. and Peters, M. (1997). Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Collards, 1996. Arthropod Manag.Tests 22:
119(39E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 92317
Chemical of Concern: FPN,LCYT,CPY,DZ,MXC,CBL,IMC,TDC,DMT,ES,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(FPN,DZ,CBL,IMC,MXC,LCYT,TDC,DMT),OK(PMR).
Eder, K. J., Clifford, M. A., Hedrick, R. P., Kohler, H. R., and Werner, I. (2008). Expression of Immune-Regulatory
Genes in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Following Exposure to Pesticides and Infectious Hematopoietic
Necrosis Virus (IHNV). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 25: 508-516.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108805
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EFV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,EFV).
Eder, K. J., Leutenegger, C. M., Kohler, H. R., and Werner, I. (2009). Effects of Neurotoxic Insecticides on Heat-
Shock Proteins and Cytokine Transcription in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 72: 182-190.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108470
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EFV; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,EFV).
El-Guindy, M. A., El-Refai, A. R. A., and Saleh, W. S. (1982). The Role of Esterases in the Defence Mechanism
Against Intoxication by Fenitrothion in Susceptible and Field Tolerant Strains of Spodoptera littoralis
Boisd. Int.Pest Control 24: 100-108.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92701
Chemical of Concern: SPS,CYF,PMR,FNV,CYP,EN,PFF,CPY,MTM,MOM,DM,PPB,TBF,FNT; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO
MIXTURE(TBF,PPB),OK(PMR),TARGET(FNV,CYP,MTM,MOM,PFF,DM,FNT,CYF).
El-Sayed, G. N. and Knowles, C. 0. (1984). Synergism of Insecticide Activity to Heliothis zea (Boddie)
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Formanilides and Formamidines. J.Econ.Entomol. 77: 872-875.
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EcoReference No.: 78950
Chemical of Concern: CYP,FNL,MP,CPY,CBL,MOM,EN,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CYP,FNL,MP,CPY,CBL,MOM,EN,PFF),NO COC(Br2).
Endo, S., Sutrisno, Samudra, I. M, Nugraha, A., Soejitno, J., and Okada, T. (1989). Insecticide Susceptibility of
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Collected from Three Locations in
Indonesia. Appl.Entomol.2ool 24: 309-313.
EcoReference No.: 63864
Chemical of Concern: FNT,DZ,CPY,CPYM,TVP,ACP,PMR,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,CPYM),OK(PMR),TARGET(FNT,DZ,TVP,ACP,FNV).
Erman, M., Yardim, E. N, and Kulaz, H. (2005). Effect of Cultivars and Insecticides on Sitonid Weevil, Sitona
crinitus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and on Yield, Yield Components and Nodulation of Lentil (Lens
culinaris). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 75: 204-206.
EcoReference No.: 90694
Chemical of Concern: OXD,MLN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CPY),CROP(MLN),EFFICACY(OXD).
Eulitz, E. G. (1986). Initial Experiments in the Control of False Wireworm (Tenebrionidae) on Tobacco Transplants.
Phytophylactica 18: 115-119.
EcoReference No.: 74106
Chemical of Concern: ADC,PRT,CBF,TWM,TCF,TW,CBL,ACP,MOM,ES,DZ,CPY; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR.POP.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(ADC,CBF,TWM,TCF,TW,CBL,ACP,MOM,DZ),OK(PRT).
Farid, A. S. and Horii, Y. (2008). Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Increases Organophosphate Toxicity in Rats.
Toxicol.Lett. 180: 33-37.
EcoReference No.: 111524
Chemical of Concern: CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPYO).
Fenemore, P. G. (1969). Field Trial Results with Fensulfothion and Trichloronate for Control of Grass Grub
(Costelytra zealandica (White)). N.Z.J.Agric.Res. 12: 137-145 .
EcoReference No.: 49142
Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH,DZ,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DZ).
Fenemore, P. G. and Perrott, D. C. F. (1970). Possible Control of the Melolonthid Costelytra zealandica (White)
Using Transient Insecticides Against the Adult. N.Z.J.Agric.Res. 13: 69-86.
EcoReference No.: 46279
Chemical of Concern: CPY,Naled,DZ,FNTH,FNT,AZ,PSM,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(Naled,DZ,AZ,PSM,MLN).
Fife, J. H., Leonard, B. R., Torrey, K. D., and Boethel, D. J. (1996). Control of Soybean Looper and Beet
Armyworm in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1995. ArthropodManag. Tests 21: 288-289 (125F).
EcoReference No.: 96096
Chemical of Concern: TDC,MOM,CPY,TFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
-------
EVALCODED(CPY),OK(TFZ),TARGET(TDC,MOM).
Fitzgerald, J. (2004). Laboratory Bioassays and Field Evaluation of Insecticides for the Control of Anthonomus rubi,
Lygus rugulipennis and Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, and Effects on Beneficial Species, in UK Strawberry
Production. Crop Prot. 23: 801-809.
EcoReferenceNo.: 80219
Chemical of Concern: BPZ,PMZ,ACT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Fitzpatrick, B. J., Mascarenhas, R. N, Boyd, M. L., Boethel, D. J., Burris, E., and Cook, D. (1997). Soybean Looper
and Beet Armyworm Control on Soybean in Louisiana, 1995. ArthropodManag.Tests 21: 289-291 (126
F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 96095
Chemical of Concern: TDC,MOM,SS,CPY,MFZ,TUZ,TFZ,CFP,EMMB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO
MIXTURE(TFZ,MFZ,TUZ),TARGET(TDC,MOM,CFP).
Floate, K. D., Elliott, R. H., Doane, J. F., and Gillott, C. (1989). Field Bioassay to Evaluate Contact and Residual
Toxicities of Insecticides to Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 82: 1543-1547.
EcoReferenceNo.: 66145
Chemical of Concern: CBF,DM,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CBF),TARGET(DMT,DM).
Forsythe, H. Y. Jr. and Collins, J. A. (1987). Blueberry, Flea Beetle Adult Control, 1986. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12:
77(071).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88737
Chemical of Concern: PSM,MLN,MXC,CBL,CPY,EFV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(PSM,EFV,MLN,CBL).
Fountain, M. T., Brown, V. K., Gange, A. C., Symondson, W. 0. C., and Murray, P. J. (2007). The Effects of the
Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Spider and Collembola Communities. Pedobiologia 51: 147-158 (doi:
10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.03.001).
EcoReferenceNo.: 108875
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Fragoso, D. B., Guedes, R. N. C., Picanco, M. C., and Zambolim, L. (2002). Insecticide Use and Organophosphate
Resistance in the Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). Bull.Entomol.Res.
92: 203-212.
EcoReferenceNo.: 110537
Chemical of Concern: PPB,CPY,DS,ETN,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DS,MP),NO MIXTURE(PPB).
Fuller, B. W., Boetel, M. A., Chambers, W. W., and Jenson, J. M. (1993). Insecticidal Corn Rootworm Control
Using Various Application Rates and Techniques, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 18: 198-200 (18F).
EcoReference No.: 76880
Chemical of Concern: TBO,PRT,FNF,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(PRT,CPY),TARGET(TBO,CBF).
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Gable, R. H., Emfinger, K. D., Leonard, B. R., and Temple, J. (2005). Evaluation of Selected Insecticides Against
Sugarcane Beetle and Cutworms in Field Corn, 2004. ArthropodManag.Tests 30: F21.
EcoReferenceNo.: 110034
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,CPY,TMX,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(TMX,IMC),NO ENDPOINT(LCYT).
Gagnaire, B., Geffard, 0., Xuereb, B., Margoum, C., and Garric, J. (2008). Cholinesterase Activities as Potential
Biomarkers: Characterization in Two Freshwater Snails, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Mollusca,
Hydrobiidae, Smith 1889) and Valvata piscinalis (Mollusca, Valvatidae, Muller 1774). Chemosphere 71:
553-560.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108491
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Gemrich II, E. G. and Goldsberry, D. M. (1982). Laboratory Bioassay to Assess Toxicity of Insecticides to
DiabroticaLarvae. J.Econ.Entomol. 75: 220-222.
EcoReferenceNo.: 66612
Chemical of Concern: AND,CBF,CPY,EP,FNF,PRN,PRT,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CBF,PRT).
Goel, A., Dani, V., and Dhawan, D. K. (2006). Role of Zinc in Mitigating the Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on
Hematological Alterations and Electron Microscopic Observations in Rat Blood. Biometals 19: 483-492.
EcoReference No.: 101708
Chemical of Concern: ZnS,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.BCM.CEL.GRO: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ZnS,CPY).
Gore, A. C. (2001). Environmental Toxicant Effects on Neuroendocrine Function. Endocrine 14: 235-246.
EcoReferenceNo.: 69251
Chemical of Concern: PCB,CPY,MXC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.REP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(PCB,CPY,MXC)//NO RESIDUE(PCB) .
Gough, N. (1990). Evaluation of Miticides for the Control of Two-Spotted Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch on Field
Roses in Southern Queensland. Crop Prot. 9: 119-127.
EcoReferenceNo.: 97445
Chemical of Concern:
DCF,MDT,SFR,FBOX,DIE,DCF,CTZ,ADC,BFT,CPY,HTX,DMT,PRT,PPG,DEM,LHX,FVL; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ADC,DCF,CPY),NO
ENDPOINT(CTZ,HTX,PRT,DMT,PPG,SFR,BFT,MDT,FVL,FBOX).
Greene, L. E. (1983). Simulated Natural Encounters of the Insecticides, Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl, by Western Pine
Beetle Predators Enoclerus lecontei and E. sphegeus (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Environ.Entomol. 12: 502-
504.
EcoReference No.: 77249
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL).
Gregory, D. A., Johnson, D. L., and Thompson, B. H. (1994). The Toxicity of Bran Baits, Formulated with
Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate, on Yellow Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.). J.Agric.Entomol.
11: 85-94.
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EcoReference No.: 64549
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL,DMT).
Guillebeau, L. P. and All, J. N. (1991). Use of Pyrethroids, Methomyl, and Chlorpyrifos to Control Fall Armyworm
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Whorl Stage Field Corn, Sweet Corn, and Sorghum. Fla.Entomol. 74 : 261-
270.
EcoReference No.: 108490
Chemical of Concern: CYH,EFV,TLM,FVL,CYP,PMR,FNV,FYT,PYT,MOM,CPY,CYF ; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),EFFICACY(EFV,TLM,FVL,CYP,FNV,MOM,CYF),OK(PMR).
Gultekin, F., Karakoyun, L, Sutcu, R., Savik, E., Cesur, G., and Orhan, H. (2007). Chlorpyrifos Increases the Levels
of Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunits NR2A and NR2B in Juvenile and Adult Rats. Int.J.Neurosci.
117:47-62.
EcoReference No.: 108801
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Gunning, R. V., Moores, G. D., and Devonshire, A. L. (1999). Esterase Inhibitors Synergise the Toxicity of
Pyrethroids in Australian Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 63: 50-62.
EcoReference No.: 108057
Chemical of Concern: FYT,ACP,PFF,BFT,CPYO,EFV,CPY,DM,PMR,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,CPYO),OK(PMR),TARGET(FNV,DM,EFV,BFT,PFF,ACP).
Guo-Ross, S. X., Chambers, J. E., Meek, E. C., and Carr, R. L. (2007). Altered Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Subtype Binding in Neonatal Rat Brain Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos or Methyl Parathion.
Toxicol.Sci. 100: 118-127.
EcoReference No.: 104726
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,MP).
Gupta, B. P., Joshi, N. K., Joshi, K. C., and Joshi, R. C. (1981). Evaluation of Some Insecticides Against the Larvae
of Malacosoma indica Wlk. Indian J.Agric.Res. 15:95-98.
EcoReference No.: 62382
Chemical of Concern: MP,ES,PHSL,DZ,FNT,CPY,PMR,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(MP,DZ,FNT,DDVP),OK(PMR).
Gutierrez, C., Campos-Herrera, R., and Jimenez, J. (2008). Comparative Study of the Effect of Selected
Agrochemical Products on Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Biocontrol Sci.Technol.
18: 101-108.
EcoReference No.: 109598
Chemical of Concern: TSF,GYP,TN,CPY,CYP,PIM,MBZ,ATZ,CSF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(GYP,TN,CYP,PIM,MBZ,ATZ),NO MIXTURE(TSF).
Ha, M. H. and Choi, J. (2008). Chemical-Induced Alteration of Hemoglobin Expression in the 4th Instar Larvae of
Chironomus tentans Mg. (Diptera: Chironomidae). Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 25: 393-398.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 108489
Chemical of Concern: NYP,BAP,CPY,CdCl; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR,ACC,CEL;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(NYP,CPY),OK(BAP,CdCl).
Ha, M. H. and Choi, J. (2008). Effects of Environmental Contaminants on Hemoglobin of Larvae of Aquatic Midge,
Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae): A Potential Biomarker for Ecotoxicity Monitoring.
Chemosphere 71: 1928-1936.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109624
Chemical of Concern: BAP,PQT,Pb,NYP,DDT,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL,BCM,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,PQT).
Haas, M. J. andLandis, D. A. (1996). 1st Generation European Corn Borer Larvicide Trial, 1995. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 21: 219 (36F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 95501
Chemical of Concern: TFT,TBO,LCYT,CBF,PMR,CPY,FNF,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(TFZ,PRT),TARGET(PMR,CBF,TBO).
Hamadain, E. I. and Chambers, H. W. (2001). Susceptibility and Mechanisms Underlying the Relative Tolerance to
Five Organophosphorus Insecticides in Tobacco Budworms and Corn Earworms. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol.
69: 35-47.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92447
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PRN,MP,CPY,CPYM,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYM),NO CONTROL(TBF),TARGET(MP).
Hammond, P. I., Jelacic, T., Padilla, S., and Brimijoin, S. (1996). Quantitative, Video-Based Histochemistry to
Measure Regional Effects of Anticholinesterase Pesticides in Rat Brain. Anal.Biochem. 241: 82-92.
EcoReference No.: 105155
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),EFFICACY(CYP).
Kara, A. H., Hata, T. Y., and Hu, B. K. S. (1997). Field Insecticide Trial Against Various Pests of Red Ginger, 1995.
Arthropod Manag.Tests 22: 133-134 (57E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 111695
Chemical of Concern: TLM,CYF,CPY,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,TLM,DM),OK(CYF).
Harris, C. R. and Svec, H. J. (1969). Laboratory Studies of the Contact Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Cabbage
Loopers. J.Econ.Entomol. 62: 1013-1016.
EcoReference No.: 49985
Chemical of Concern: MOM,MVP,Naled,AZ,CPY,PRN,EN,CBF,ES,DDT,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DZ),TARGET(MOM).
Harris, C. R. and Svec, H. J. (1970). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. VI. Laboratory Studies on the Toxicity of
Several Experimental Insecticides to the Dark-Sided Cutworm as Soil Treatments and Stomach Poisons.
J.Econ.Entomol. 63: 605-609.
EcoReference No.: 44408
Chemical of Concern: CHD,AND,CPY,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY)//No OM, pH.
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Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., and Chapman, R. A. (1978). Potential of Pyrethroid Insecticides for Cutworm Control.
J.Econ.Entomol. 71: 692-696.
EcoReference No.: 49992
Chemical of Concern: FNV,DM,PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(DM,FNV).
Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., and Sans, W. W. (1973). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. IX. Laboratory and
Microplot Field Studies on Effectiveness and Persistence of Some Experimental Insecticides Used for
Control of the Darksided Cutworm. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 199-203.
EcoReference No.: 44405
Chemical of Concern: DDT,ABT,MXC,PIRM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.ACC: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DDT,ABT,MXC,PIRM)//No OM,pH.
Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., and Sans, W. W. (1973). Toxicological Studies on Cutworms. X. Laboratory and Field
Microplot Studies on Effectiveness and Persistence of Some Experimental Insecticides Used to Control the
Black Cutworm in Organic Soil. J.Econ.Entomol. 66: 203-208.
EcoReference No.: 44404
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EN,DDT,CHD,PIRM,ABT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(EN,DDT,CHD,PIRM,ABT)//No OM, pH.
Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., Tolman, J. H., and Chapman, R. A. (1983). Laboratory and Field Studies on the
Effectiveness and Persistence of Some Insecticides Used to Control the Tomato Hornworm. Tob.Int. 185:
178-182.
EcoReference No.: 99406
Chemical of Concern:
TCF,DM,CYP,FNV,PMR,MW,ACP,CPY,CBL,MTM,Naled,MOM,CPYM,ES,AZ,PSM,MLN; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CYP,CPYM,CPY),TARGET(TCF,MW,ACP,CBL,MTM,Naled,MOM,ES,AZ,PSM,MLN,DM,F
NV,PMR),OK(PMR).
Harris, C. R. and Turnbull, S. A. (1975). Laboratory Studies on the Toxicity of Insecticides to the Bertha
Armyworm (Mamestra configurata) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Can.Entomol. 107:865-872.
EcoReference No.: 49989
Chemical of Concern:
TVP,PSM,TBO,FNF,AZ,ES,MDT,CPY,DMT,MXC,CHD,PHSL,PIRM,TCF,PRN,ACP,MLN,DDT,CBL,
Naled,CBF,EN,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(MDT,ES,CPY),TARGET(TVP,PSM,TBO,FNF,AZ,DMT,MXC,CHD,PHSL,
PIRM,TCF,PRN,ACP,MLN,DDT,CBL,Naled,CBF,EN,MOM).
Hassan, E. (1997). Chlorpyrifos Toxicity to Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) a
Parasitoid of California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) in Citrus (Toxizitat von Chlorpyrifos
Gegenuber Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Einem Parasitoid der Roten
Zitrusschildlaus, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) an Zitrus). J.Plant Dis.Prot. (Z.Pflanzenkr.Pflanzenschutz)
104: 102-104.
EcoReference No.: 68691
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Hein, G. L., Ingemansen, J. A., and Walgenbach, D. D. (1988). First-Generation European Corn Borer Control via
Ground, Chemigation, and Aerial Applications, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 211-212 (49F).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 88852
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CEX,TBO,FNF,TFT,CBF,PRT,TLM,CPY,CBL,TDC,FNV; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(PRT,CBL,TDC).
Heller, P. R. and Kellogg, S. (1987). Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in
Lewiston, PA, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 323 (388).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88649
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,TCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL,TCF).
Heller, P. R. and Kellogg, S. (1988). Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in
Lewistown, PA, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13:333(11G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88828
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL).
Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm Control in Soybeans, 1986.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13 : 283-284 (142F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88856
Chemical of Concern: PMR,BFT,TDC,CYF,EFV,FNV,CPY,ACP,MOM,CBL,MP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(BFT,TDC,CYF,EFV,FNV,ACP,MOM,CBL,MP).
Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Corn Earworm Control in Soybeans, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 286
(146F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88858
Chemical of Concern: CYF,TDC,MOM,EFV,PMR,CPY,CBL,ACP,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(CYF,TDC,MOM,EFV,CBL,ACP,MP).
Hellman, J. L. and Patton, T. W. (1988). Corn Earworm Control on Soybean, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 284
(143F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88857
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CYF,TDC,MOM,FNV,BFT,CBL,EFV,ACP,CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(CYF,TDC,MOM,FNV,BFT,CBL,EFV,ACP,MP).
Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., and Hellman, E. L. (1988). Control of Green June Beetle Grubs on Golf Course
Fairways, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 329 (5G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88815
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CYF,FPP,TCF,ACP,DZ,FVL,CPY,PPX,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CBL,DZ,CPY,PMR),TARGET(CYF,FPP,TCF,ACP,FVL,PPX).
Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., Salvaggio, R., Vinis, L., and Grove, J. (1988). Armyworm Control in Corn, 1985.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 13: 213-214 (51F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88853
Chemical of Concern: PMR,BFT,FNV,MP,CYP,CBL,FNF,CPY,CYH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(BFT,MP,CYP,CBL).
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Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., Salvaggio, R. S., and Grove, J. (1988). Control of Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf
Course, 1985. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 364 (69G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88817
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,IZF,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CBL,DZ,CPY).
Hellman, J. L., Patton, T. W., Salvaggio, R. S., Vinis, L., and Grove, J. (1988). Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1985.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 323-324 (194F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88862
Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY,PMR,MOM,TLM,CYH,CBL,ACP,FVL,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(MP,MOM,TLM,CYH,CBL,ACP,FVL,BFT).
Helson, B. V., De Groot, P., Turgeon, J. J., and Kettela, E. G. (1989). Toxicity of Insecticides to First-Instar Larvae
of the Spruce Budmoth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. and Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Laboratory and
Field Studies. Can.Entomol. 121:81-91.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73595
Chemical of Concern: ACP,AZ,CPY,FNT,MOM,PMR,SPS,TDC,TCF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(ACP,AZ,FNT,MOM,TDC,TCF).
Henzell, R. F., Skinner, R. A., and Clements, R. 0. (1983). Insecticides for Control of Adult Grass Grub, Costelytra
zealandica (White) V. Screening and Behaviour of Insecticides in Soil Bioassays. N.Z.J.Agric.Res. 26:
129-133.
EcoReference No.: 79045
Chemical of Concern:
MW,PFF,TBO,DCB,MXC,CYP,DM,FNV,CBX,DZM,NCTN,FMP,MDT,IFP,IZF,FNTH,FNT,ETN,FNF,
DMT,DDW,CPYM,CPY,AZ,AZM,PPX,PIM,OML,MOM,MCB,ADC,NAPH,PMR,ES,DCB,PSM,DS,DZ
,CBF,CBL,PRT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,CBF),TARGET(CBL,PRT,DZ,NAPH,DCB,MOM,FNV,DMT,DS,PSM,PMR,TBO,FMP,M
DT,OML,DDVP, MVP,PFF,DCB,
CYP,DM,NCTN,FNT,AZ,MCB,ADC,PPX,PIM,AZM,FNF,ETN,FNTH,IZF,IFP,MXC),NO
ENDPOINT(ES,CPYM),OK(DZM,CBX).
Hill, E. F. and Camardese, M. B. (1986). Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants and Pesticides to
Coturnix. U.S.Fish Wildl.Serv., Fish Wildl.Tech.Rep.No.2 147 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 50181
Chemical of Concern:
24D,24DXY,ACP,ADC,AMSV,AMTL,AND,ARM,ATN,ATZ,AZ,BMC,BMN,BMY,Captan,CBF,CBL,C
dCl,CHD,CMPH,CPY,CPYM,CrS,DBN,DCF,DCTP,DDT,DDW,DEM,DFPM,DINO,DLD,DMB,DMT,D
QTBr,DS,DU,DZ,EN,EP,ES,ETN,FMP,FNF,FNT,FNTH,FTTCl,GYP,HCCH,HgC12,HPT,IFP,K2Cr207,L
NR,Maneb,MCB,MCPB,MDT,MLN,MLT,MOM,MP,MRX,MSMA,MTAS,MTM,MW,MXC,Naled,Ni,0
XD,Pb,PbN,PCB,PCL,PCP,PHSL,PMR,PPB,PPHD,PPN,PPX,PQT,PRN,PRT,PSM,PYN,RSM,RTN,SPS,
STAR,SZ,TBO,TCF,TEPP,TFN,THM,TMP,TVMP, TVP,TXP,V,Zineb,Ziram,ZnP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(ACP,ADC,ATN,ATZ,AZ,BMC,BMY,Captan,CBF,CBL,CMPH,CPY,CPYM,DCF,DCTP,DDW,
DMT,DQTBr,DS,DU,DZ,EP,ES,FMP,FNF,FNT,FTTCl,GYP,MCB,MDT,MLN,MLT,MOM,MP,MTAS,
MTM,MW,Naled,OXD,PMR,PPN,PQT,PRN,PRT,PSM,RTN,SZ,TBO,TCF,TFN,TMP,TW,Ziram,24D),
OK(ES,MVP,PPN,TEPP).
Horowitz, A. R., Toscano, N. C., Youngman, R. R., and Miller, T. A. (1987). Synergistic Activity of Binary
Mixtures of Insecticides on Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs. J.Econ.Entomol. 80: 333-
-------
337.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73691
Chemical of Concern: ACP,CPY,MOM,FNV,TDC,MP,AMZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MOM,FNV,MP,ACP,TDC,AMZ).
Howard, M. D., Mirajkar, N., Karanth, S., and Pope, C. N. (2007). Comparative Effects of Oral Chlorpyrifos
Exposure on Cholinesterase Activity and Muscarinic Receptor Binding in Neonatal and Adult Rat Heart.
Toxicology 238: 157-165.
EcoReferenceNo.: 107510
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.BCM.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
Huang, X. and Mack, T. P. (2001). Artificial Carbon Dioxide Source to Attract Lesser Cornstalk Borer
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae. J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 860-867 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 92714
Chemical of Concern: NH,Urea,CPY,ADC,TFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(ADC).
Hudson, R. H., Tucker, R. K., and Haegele, M. A. (1984). Handbook of Toxicity of Pesticides to Wildlife.
Resour.Publ.No.153, Fish Wildl.Serv., 2nd Edition, U.S.D.I., Washington, DC 90 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 50386
Chemical of Concern:
ACP,ACL,ACR,ADC,AND,ATN,AMTL,ANZ,ATZ,4AP,AZ,BFL,BTY,Captan,CBL,CBF,CHD,CPP,CQT
C,CPY,CPYM,CMPH,CZE,24D,DCNA,DDT,DDW,DEF,DEM,DZ,DBN,DLN,DCF,DCTP,DFZ,DINO,
DLD,DMT,DQTBr,DS,DU,ES,EDT,EN,EP,ETN,FMP,FNT,FNTH,FMU,FO,Folpet,FNF,HPT,PSM,HCC
H,MLN,MDT,MCB,MOM,MTM,MTPN,MXC,MP,MW,MRX,NaFA,NABAM,Naled,OXD,PMA,PNB,P
PHD,PPX,PQT,PRN,PCP,PNB,PRT,PCL,PSM,PYT,RSM,RTN,STAR,STCH,TBF,TCDD,TFM,T1,TMP,
TZL,TW,TZL,THM,TXP,TCF,TFN,VCZ,ZnP,Zineb,PCB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ACL,ACR,ADC,ATN,BTY,Captan,CQTC,TBF,DBN,DLN,DCF,DFZ,DINO,DQTBr,CPYM,ES,
FNT,FO,MCB,MLN,MOM,MP,MW,PQT,TCF,TFN,24D,CPY,DS,PSM,ATZ,DU,MDT,PRT,RTN,EP,D
Z,TMP,CMPH,DCTP,TWM,FMP,MTM,ACP,Naled,DDW,DMT,AZ,CBF,PPX,VCZ).
Ibrahim, H. A., Abu-Egla, M. H., El-Sayad, H. I., and El-Gammal, H. (1991). Teratogenic Effect of Chlorpyrifos
(Dursban) on Chick Embryos. J.Environ.Sci. 2: 203-223.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108480
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Idris, A. B. and Grafius, E. (1993). Field Studies on the Effect of Pesticides on the Diamondback Moth
(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Parasitism by Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 86: 1196-1202.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99617
Chemical of Concern: EFV,PMR,CPY,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CPY),TARGET(EFV,TDC),OK(PMR).
Ishaaya, I. and Klein, M. (1990). Response of Susceptible Laboratory and Resistant Field Strains of Spodoptera
littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Teflubenzuron. J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 59-62.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93235
-------
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CYP,CPY,TBF).
Jager, T., Crommentuijn, T., Van Gestel, C. A. M, and Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2007). Chronic Exposure to
Chlorpyrifos Reveals Two Modes of Action in the Springtail Folsomia Candida. Environ.Pollut. 145: 452-
458.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108163
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
James, D. G. (1991). An Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Treatments to Prevent Fuller's Rose Weevil
Oviposition on Citrus Fruit. Plant Prot.Q. 6:79-81.
EcoReference No.: 70007
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CBF,RSM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBF).
James, D. G., Stevens, M. M., and O'Malley, K. J. (1998). Prolonged Exclusion of Foraging Ants (Hymenoptera:
Formicidae) from Citrus Trees Using Controlled-Release Chlorpyrifos Trunk Bands. Int.J.PestManag. 44:
65-69.
EcoReference No.: 64661
Chemical of Concern: CPY,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(LCYT).
Jaroli, D. P. and Sharma, B. L. (2005). Effect of Organophosphate Insecticide on the Organic Constituents in Liver
of Channa punctatus. Asian J.Exp.Sci. 19: 121-129.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109575
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Jarvi, K. J. and Howard, L. (1992). Clover Leaf Weevil Larval Control in Alfalfa, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 17:
176 (5F).
EcoReference No.: 79772
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,PMR,CBF),NO COC(DS).
Jena, M. and Sahoo, K. (1995). Effect of Insecticides on the Rate of Oviposition and Larval Hatching of Yellow
Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walk.) in Rice. Indian J.Plant Prot. 23: 198-200.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91433
Chemical of Concern: OXD,CBF,MP,PPHD,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP.MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(OXD,MP,CBF).
Jin-Clark, Y., Anderson, T. D., and Zhu, K. Y. (2008). Effect of Alachlor and Metolachlor on Toxicity of
Chlorpyrifos and Major Detoxification Enzymes in the Aquatic Midge, Chironomus tentans (Diptera:
Chironomidae). Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 54: 645-652.
EcoReferenceNo.: 105238
Chemical of Concern: ACR,MTL,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ACR,MTL,CPY).
Johnson, D. E., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (1998). Early Biochemical Detection of Delayed Neurotoxicity
-------
Resulting from Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos. Brain Res.Bull. 45: 143-147.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108488
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.GRO: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Johnson, D. W. and Townsend, L. H. (1987). Fall Army Worm Control in Field Corn, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests
12: 201 (239).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88710
Chemical of Concern: TCF,MOM,CPY,PMR,FNV,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(MOM,TCF,CBL,FNV).
Johnson, K. (1985). Seasonal Occurrence and Insecticidal Suppression of Eoreuma loftini Lepidoptera pyralidae in
Sugarcane. J.Econ.Entomol. 78: 960-966.
EcoReferenceNo.: 111999
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PMR,TDC,ACP,CBL,DZ,FNV,AZ,CBF,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,PHY,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(MOM,CBF,AZ,FNV,DZ,CBL,ACP,TDC).
Jones, 0. A. H., Dondero, F., Viarengo, A., and Griffin, J. L. (2008). Metabolic Profiling of Mytilus
galloprovincialis and Its Potential Applications for Pollution Assessment. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser. 369: 169-
179.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109621
Chemical of Concern: NiCl,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,NiCl).
Jortner, B. S., Hancock, S. K., Hinckley, J., Flory, L., Colby, L., Tobias, L., Williams, L., and Ehrich, M. (2005).
Neuropathological Studies of Rats Following Multiple Exposure to Tri-Ortho-Tolyl Phosphate,
Chlorpyrifos and Stress. Toxicol.Pathol. 33: 378-385.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101897
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Joshi, S. C., Mathur, R., and Gulati, N. (2007). Testicular Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos (an Organophosphate Pesticide)
in Albino Rat. Toxicol.Ind.Health 23: 439-444.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108473
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.CEL.REP.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Kaakeh, N., Kaakeh, W., and Bennett, G. W. (1996). Topical Toxicity of Imidacloprid, Fipronil, and Seven
Conventional Insecticides to the Adult Convergent Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
J.Entomol.Sci. 31: 315-322.
EcoReference No.: 64700
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,BDC,FNV,CBL,FPN,CYP,IMC,PPX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(IMC,CBL,FPN,DZ,CYP,FNV,PPX).
Kanga, L. H. B., Free, D. J., Van Lier, J. L., and Walker, G. M. (1999). Monitoring for Resistance to
Organophosphorus, Carbamate, and Pyrethroid Insecticides in the Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae). Can.Entomol. 131:441-450.
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EcoReference No.: 64709
Chemical of Concern:
IMC,ES,OML,MOM,ACP,FNT,DZ,PRN,CBF,CBL,MLN,CYP,CPY,DM,PSM,AZ,Naled; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CBF,CPY,OML,ES),TARGET(IMC,MOM,ACP,FNT,DZ,CBL,MLN,CYP,DM,PSM,AZ,Naled).
Karner, M. A. (1987). Alfalfa Insect Control in Oklahoma, 1986. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 170 (199).
EcoReference No.: 88717
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,CBL,CPY,CYP,EFV,MP,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYF,CBF,CBL,CYP,EFV,MP,TDC).
Kashyap, R. K., Chaudhary, 0. P., and Sheoran, I. S. (1994). Effects of Insecticide Seed Treatments on Seed
Viability and Vigour in Wheat Cultivars. SeedSci.Technol. 22: 503-517.
EcoReference No.: 64717
Chemical of Concern: ES,AND,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.REP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ES,CPY).
Kaur, R. and Sandhu, H. S. (2008). In Vivo Changes in Antioxidant System and Protective Role of Selenium in
Chlorpyrifos-Induced Subchronic Toxicity in Bubalus bubalis. Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 26: 45-48
(doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.01.004).
EcoReference No.: 108319
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Kavitha, P. and Rao, J. V. (2008). Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Antioxidant Enzymes and Target Enzyme
Acetylcholinesterase Interaction in Mosquito Fish, Gambusia affinis. Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 26: 192-
198 (doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.03.010).
EcoReference No.: 108320
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.BEH.PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Kay, I. R. (1979). Toxicity of Insecticide to Coccinella repanda Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
J.Aust.Entomol.Soc. 18 : 233-234.
EcoReference No.: 72656
Chemical of Concern: PPHD,ES,DMT,CPY,PIM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(DMT,PIM,PPHD).
Kegel, B. (1989). Laboratory Experiments on the Side Effects of Selected Herbicides and Insecticides on the Larvae
of Three Sympatric Poecilus-Species (Col, Carabidae). J.Appl.Entomol. 108: 144-155.
EcoReference No.: 64007
Chemical of Concern: MCPA,FZFB,CPY,GYP,ATZ,SZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,REP,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ATZ,SZ,GYP,CPY),OK(MCPA,FZFB).
Khaliq, A., Attique, M. N. R., and Sayyed, A. H. (2007). Evidence for Resistance to Pyrethroids and
Organophosphates in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan. Bull.Entomol.Res. 97:
191-200.
EcoReference No.: 109180
Chemical of Concern: CYP,DM,BFT,LCYT,PFF,CPY,SS,IDC,EMMB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYP,DM,BFT,PFF).
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Klein, M, Levski, S., and Keren, S. (1982). Comparative Toxicity of Several Pyrethroids, Parathion and
Chlorpyrifos to Adults of the Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in
Laboratory Assays. Isr.J.Entomol. 16: 99-103.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108511
Chemical of Concern: MP,FVL,PMR,CYP,FNV,FPP,DCMA,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(DCMA,FNV).
Kljajic, P. andPeric, I. (2007). Altered Susceptibility of Granary Weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) Populations to Insecticides After Selection with Pirimiphos-Methyl and Deltamethrin.
J.StoredProd.Res. 43: 134-141.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108876
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,DM,PIRM,DDVP,MLN,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPYM),TARGET(DM,PIRM,DDVP,MLN,CYP).
Kljajic, P. and Peric, I. (2006). Susceptibility to Contact Insecticides of Granary Weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.)
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Originating from Different Locations in the Former Yugoslavia. J.Stored
Prod.Res. 42: 149-161.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108749
Chemical of Concern: PPB,CYP,CPYM,DDVP,MLN,PIRM,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPYM,PPB),TARGET(PIRM,DDVP,CYP,DM).
Klotz, J. H. and Reid, B. L. (1994). Contact Activity of Residual Insecticides, 1991. ArthropodManag.Tests 19:
356 (2J).
EcoReferenceNo.: 108990
Chemical of Concern: DM,CYF,BDC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(DM,CYF).
Knight, A. L. and Hull, L. A. (1992). Linking Insecticide Bioassays with Residue Analyses to Evaluate Control of
Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Neonates on Apple: Single Spray. J.Econ.Entomol. 85:
926-931.
EcoReferenceNo.: 73712
Chemical of Concern: AZ,MOM,MP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY,MOM),NO ENDPOINT(AZ),TARGET(MP).
Knight, A. L. and Hull, L. A. (1989). Response of Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Neonates to
Selected Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 82: 1027-1032.
EcoReference No.: 74117
Chemical of Concern: FNV,MOM,CPY,MP,AZ,TDC,PSM,PHSL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(FNV,MOM,MP,AZ,TDC,PSM).
Knowles, C. 0. and El-Sayed, G. N. (1985). Formanilide Enhancement of Acaricide Toxicity to Tetranychus urticae
Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 78: 308-310 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 112001
Chemical of Concern:
FYT,CHX,EN,FBOX,PFF,MP,MLN,CPY,AZ,FVL,FNV,FPP,CYP,PMR,AMZ,DM,MOM,ADC; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(MOM,ADC,DM,AMZ,CYP,FPP,FNV,FVL,AZ,MLN,MP,PFF,FBO
X).
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Koch, R. L., Burkness, E. C., Hutchison, W. D., and Rabaey, T. L. (2005). Efficacy of Systemic Insecticide Seed
Treatments for Protection of Early-Growth-Stage Snap Beans from Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae) Foliar Feeding. Crop Prot. 24: 734-742.
EcoReferenceNo.: 81364
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TMX,IMC,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),EFFICACY(IMC,BFR).
Komeza, N, Fouillet, P., Bouletreau, M, and Delpuech, J. M. (2001). Modification, by the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos,
of the Behavioral Response to Kairomones of a Parasitoid Wasp, Leptopilina boulardi.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 41: 436-442.
EcoReference No.: 64770
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Kranthi, K. R., Jadhav, D. R., Kranthi, S., Wanjari, R. R., Ali, S. S., and Russell, D. A. (2002). Insecticide
Resistance in Five Major Insect Pests of Cotton in India. Crop Prot. 21: 449-460.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108870
Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(ES),TARGET(CYP).
Krishnaiah, N. V. and Kalode, M. B. (1987). Studies on Resurgence in Rice Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
(Stal). Indian J.Entomol. 49: 220-229.
EcoReferenceNo.: 94530
Chemical of Concern: DZ,FNT,CBL,DM,PPHD,PHSL,CPY,FNV,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,REP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(MP,FNV,CPY,CBF,CBL),EFFICACY(FNT,DZ,DM).
Kumar, T. P., Banerjee, S. K., Devasahayam, S., and Koya, K. M. A. (1986). Effect of Different Insecticides on the
Control of 'Pollu' Beetle Longitarsus nigripennis Mots., A Major Pest of Black Pepper Piper nigrum L.
Entomonl 1:219-221.
EcoReferenceNo.: 91474
Chemical of Concern: ES,MP,FNV,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(MP,CBL,FNV).
Lagunes Tejeda, A. (1980). Impact of the Use of Mixtures and Sequences of Insecticides in the Evolution of
Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of California,
Riverside, CA 229 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 103909
Chemical of Concern: DLD,DDT,FNTH,TMP,PMR,MLN,CPY,PPX; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY,PPX),OK(TMP,PMR).
Langton, S. J. (1997). Field Corn Tolerance to Acetolactate Synthase Inhibiting Herbicides and Weed Control in
Sethoxydim Resistant Field Corn. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of Wisconsin, Madison, WI209p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99110
Chemical of Concern:
ATZ,24D,CPR,MBZ,PDM,DMM,ACO,BMN,NSF,SXD,FTS,DMB,CPY,THF,PRT,PYD,TBO,SZ,BT,FM
C,PMS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(PRT,TBO,CPY),CROP(PDM),TARGET(FTS,DMB),NO
MIXTURE(SXD,24D,ATZ,SZ,BT,FMC).
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Lassiter, T. L. and Brimijoin, S. (2008). Rats Gain Excess Weight After Developmental Exposure to the
Organophosphorothionate Pesticide, Chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 30: 125-130.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108487
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Latha, N. A., Babu, T. R., Saxena, R., Sriramulu, M., and Reddy, D. D. R. (1998). Evaluation of the Effects of
Insecticides on the Egg Larval Parasitoid Chelonus blackburni Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
Int.Pest Control 40: 202-203.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93337
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CYP,FNV,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CBL,CPY,FNV),OK(CYP).
Lee, S. E., Choi, W. S., Lee, H. S., and Park, B. S. (2000). Cross-Resistance of a Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Resistant
Strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) to Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oil
Extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and Its Major Monoterpene, 1,8-Cineole. J.StoredProd.Res. 36: 383-
389.
EcoReference No.: 62720
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM).
Lee, S. E., Lees, E. M., and Campbell, B. C. (2000). Purification and Characterization of an Esterase Conferring
Resistance to Fenitrothion in Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Silvanidae).
JAgric.FoodChem. 48: 4991-4996.
EcoReferenceNo.: 105952
Chemical of Concern: FNT,MLN,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPYM),TARGET(FNT,MLN).
Lemke, L. A. and Kissam, J. B. (1987). Evaluation of Various Insecticides and Home Remedies for Control of
Individual Red Imported Fire Ant Colonies. J.Entomol.Sci. 22: 275-281.
EcoReference No.: 78182
Chemical of Concern: ALSV,DZ,PYN,CBL,ACP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,ALSV),OK(DZ,PYN,CBL,ACP).
Lester, P. J., Pogoda, M. K., and Free, D. J. (1998). Insecticide Encapsulation to Maintain Predatory Mite
Populations, Reduce European Red Mite Outbreaks, and Control of the Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholitha
molesta (Busck). Proc.Entomol.Soc.Ont. 129: 137-148.
EcoReference No.: 64233
Chemical of Concern: CYP.CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYP).
Li, X., Huang, Q., Yuan, J., and Tang, Z. (2007). Fipronil Resistance Mechanisms in the Rice Stem Borer, Chilo
suppressalis Walker. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 89: 169-174 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 109490
Chemical of Concern: ABM,CPY,FNT,FPN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(FNT,FPN).
Liu, H., Xu, Q., Zhang, L., and Liu, N. (2005). Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus.
JMed.Entomol. 42: 815-820.
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EcoReference No.: 103192
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PPB,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(PPB,TBF).
Lopez-Mancisidor, P., Carbonell, G., Fernandez, C., and Tarazona, J. V. (2008). Ecological Impact of Repeated
Applications of Chlorpyrifos on Zooplankton Community in Mesocosms Under Mediterranean Conditions.
Ecotoxicology 17:811-825.
EcoReference No.: 108321
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Lopez-Mancisidor, P., Carbonell, G., Marina, A., Fernandez, C., and Tarazona, J. V. (2008). Zooplankton
Community Responses to Chlorpyrifos in Mesocosms Under Mediterranean Conditions.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 71: 16-25.
EcoReference No.: 108486
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Lyons, D. B., Helson, B. V, Jones, G. C., and McFarlane, J. W. (1993). Development of a Chemical Control
Strategy for the Pine False Webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae).
Can.Entomol. 125:499-511.
EcoReference No.: 99803
Chemical of Concern: MXC,PPX,ACP,MLN,CBL,PMR,DMT,DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP,REP,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PPX,CPY,CBL),OK(ACP,MLN,PMR,DMT,DZ).
Mack, C. M. and Gordon, C. J. (2007). Differential Sensitivity to Anticholinesterase Insecticides in the Juvenile Rat:
Effects on Thermoregulation. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health Part A 70: 439-444.
EcoReference No.: 104996
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CBL,CPY).
Mahjoubi-Samet, A., Fetoui, H., Jamoussi, K., Chaabouni, K., Ellouze, F., Guermazi, F., and Zeghal, N. (2005).
Impact of Chlorpyrifos on Cerebrum and Cerebellum Maturity in Suckling Rats. Toxicol.Environ.Chem.
87: 551-558.
EcoReference No.: 109625
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Mala, S. R., Peter, C., and David, B. V. (1993). Ovipositional Behaviour and Eclosion of Eggs of Helicoverpa
armigera as Affected by Insecticides. Entomon 17: 177-181 .
EcoReference No.: 74154
Chemical of Concern: MOM,ES,CYP,EFX,CPY,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(MOM,CYP,TDC,EFX).
Mani, M. (1994). Relative Toxicity of Different Pesticides to Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hym.,
Ichneumonidae). J.Biol.Control 8: 18-22.
EcoReference No.: 62600
Chemical of Concern:
-------
Zineb,DINO,DCF,CU,ES,MOM,CBL,FNV,PHSL,CYP,DM,DMT,MLN,CPY,MP,FNTH,DDW,PPHD,F
VL,ACP,MZB,CBD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CTN,MZB,DCF,ES,DDW,MLN,MP,CBD,FNV,CPY),OK(MOM,CBL,CYP,DM,DMT,FVL,AC
P).
Mani, M. and Krishnamoorthy, A. (1997). Effects of Different Pesticides upon the Wax Scale Parasitoid, Anicetus
ceylonensis How. (Hym.: Encyrtidae). IntJ.PestManag. 43: 123-126.
EcoReference No.: 62599
Chemical of Concern:
PPHD,DEM,TPM,Captan,Ziram,DINO,CTN,Zineb,SFR,MZB,CBD,DCF,DDW,ES,MP,DMT,CPY,ACP,
MLN,FNV,PHSL,CYP,CBL,FNTH,DM,TDF,CuOS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL
CODED(DMT,ACP,MP,DDW,MLN,ES,DCF,CBD,SFR,Ziram,CPY,FNV,DM),OK(Captan,CTN,MZB,T
DF,CYP,CBL),NO COC(CuOS).
Mani, M. and Krishnamoorthy, A. (1986). Susceptibility of Telenomus remus Nixon, an Exotic Parasitoid of
Spodoptera litura (F.), to Some Pesticides. Trap.Pest Manag. 32: 49-51.
EcoReference No.: 94655
Chemical of Concern: SFR,DCF,CBL,CPY,DMT,MZB,PHSL,ES,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR,REP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(SFR,DCF,CBL,CPY,DMT,MZB,PHSL,ES,MOM).
Mani, M., Lakshmi, V. J., and Krishnamoorthy, A. (1997). Side Effects of Some Pesticides on the Adult Longevity,
Progeny Production and Prey Consumption of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae,
Coleoptera). Indian J.Plant Prot. 25: 48-51.
EcoReference No.: 111212
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFZ,CuOS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP.BEH: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(DFZ,CuOS).
Mansour, S. A. and Mossa, A. T. (2009). Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative Stress in Rat Erythrocytes Induced by
Chlorpyrifos and the Protective Effect of Zinc. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 93: 34-39 (doi:
10.1016/j.pestbp.2008.09.004).
EcoReference No.: 111786
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ZnS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,ZnS).
Mason, L. J., Seal, D. R., and Jansson, R. K. (1991). Response of Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae) to
Selected Insecticides. Fla.Entomol. 74: 350-355 .
EcoReference No.: 62617
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN,MOM,ES,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(PRN,ES,CPY,MOM),TARGET(CBL).
Matozzo, V., Tomei, A., and Marin, M. G. (2006). Effects of 4-Nonylphenol (Xenoestrogen) and Chlorpyrifos
(Organophosphorus Pesticide) on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Clam Tapes philippinarum.
Fresenius Environ.Bull. 15: 710-714.
EcoReference No.: 93292
Chemical of Concern: NYP,CP Y; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,NYP).
Mazzarri, M. B. and Georghiou, G. P. (1995). Characterization of Resistance to Organophosphate, Carbamate, and
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Pyrethroid Insecticides in Field Populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc.
11: 315-322.
EcoReference No.: 74860
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,TMP,DDT,CYH,PMR,CPY,MLN,PPX,PPB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PIRM,PPX,TMP,CYH,PMR,CPY,MLN),NO
MIXTURE(PPB),NO CONTROL(DDT).
McClanahan, R. J. (1982). Susceptibility of a Migratory Population of the Corn Earworm (Heliothis zea)
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Insecticides. Can.Entomol. 114: 1175-1177.
EcoReference No.: 89573
Chemical of Concern:
DM,CYP,FNV,PMR,CPY,SPS,FPP,PFF,PRN,TVP,MOM,DDT,AZ,CBF,ACP,MTM,CBL; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR,FPD),TARGET(CYP,MOM,AZ,ACP,MTM,CBL,DM,FNV,PFF,TVP).
McDonald, S. (1976). Evaluation of Several new Insecticides for the Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle and the
Status of DDT Resistance in Southern Alberta. J.Econ.Entomol. 69: 659-664.
EcoReference No.: 52052
Chemical of Concern: CBF,PPX,DZ,ES,CBL,MDT,PSM,CPY,MTM,DDT,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ES,CBF,PSM,CPY),TARGET(DZ,CBL,MDT,MTM,AZ,PPX)//No Media:None, OM, pH.
McKern, J. A., Johnson, D. T., and Lewis, B. A. (2007). Biology and Control of the Raspberry Crown Borer
(Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 100: 398-404.
EcoReference No.: 102797
Chemical of Concern: IMC,MTF,BFT,AZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(AZ,BFT,IMC),OK(MTF).
Meggs, W. J. and Brewer, K. L. (2007). Weight Gain Associated with Chronic Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Rats.
J.Med.Toxicol. 3: 89-93.
EcoReference No.: 108902
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Mehler, W. T., Schuler, L. J., and Lydy, M. J. (2008). Examining the Joint Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and Atrazine in
the Aquatic Species: Lepomis macrochirus, Pimephales promelas and Chironomus tentans.
Environ.Pollut. 152: 217-224.
EcoReference No.: 103283
Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(ATZ),NO COC(CPYO).
Mendez, W. A., Valle, J., Ibarra, J. E., Cisneros, J., Penagos, D. I., and Williams, T. (2002). Spinosad and
Nucleopolyhedrovirus Mixtures for Control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize.
Biol.Control 25: 195-206.
EcoReference No.: 108750
Chemical of Concern: CPY,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(SS).
Michaud, J. P. (2002). Relative Toxicity of Six Insecticides to Cycloneda sanguinea and Harmonia axyridis
-------
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J.Entomol.Sci. 37: 83-93.
EcoReference No.: 68888
Chemical of Concern: FPP,SS,CPY,ETN,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(FPP,IMC).
Mikhail, M. W., Al-Bursheed, K. M., and Allam, K. A. M. (2007). Susceptibility of Culex pipiens Complex to Some
Insecticides in Qatar. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. 37: 893-902.
EcoReference No.: 110956
Chemical of Concern: EFX,CPY,CHT,PTP,CYF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CHT),OK(EFX,PTP,CYF).
Misra, S. S. (1985). Residual Toxicity of Sprays of Contact Insecticides to Henosepilachna ocellata Redt. on Potato
Crop. Indian J.Plant Prot. 12: 119-122.
EcoReference No.: 101480
Chemical of Concern: DCTP,CPY,CBL,DDT,FNT,HCCH,PHSL,FNTH,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(DCTP,FNT,PHSL,FNTH,CBL),OK(DDT,HCCH).
Mizell III, R. F. and Schiffhauer, D. E. (1990). Effects of Pesticides on Pecan Aphid Predators Chrysoperla
rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Hippodamia convergens, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Aphelinus perpallidus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 83:
1806-1812.
EcoReference No.: 93318
Chemical of Concern:
FVL,ETN,DEM,DDW,CBL,MOM,AZ,MLN,DMT,CPY,DZ,PRN,BMY,FNV,CYP,PHSL,ES,HCCH,DC
F; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(FNV,CBL,CPY,MOM),OK(FVL,DDW,AZ,MLN,DMT,DZ,BMY,CYP,ES,DCF).
Mohammad, F. K., Al-Badrany, Y. M., and Al-Jobory, M. M. (2008). Acute Toxicity and Cholinesterase Inhibition
in Chicks Dosed Orally with Organophosphate Insecticides. Arh.Hig.Rad.Toksikol. 59: 145-151.
EcoReference No.: 108322
Chemical of Concern: DZ,DDVP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DZ,DDVP).
Montagna, M. C. and Collins, P. A. (2008). Oxygen Consumption and Ammonia Excretion of the Freshwater Crab
Trichodactylus borellianus Exposed to Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan Insecticides. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol.
92: 150-155 (doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2008.07.009).
EcoReference No.: 109027
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(ES).
Moreno, M., Canadas, F., Cardona, D., Sunol, C., Campa, L., Sanchez-Amate, M. A., Flores, P., and Sanchez-
Santed, F. (2008). Long-Term Monoamine Changes in the Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens After Acute
Chlorpyrifos Exposure. Toxicol.Lett. 176: 162-167.
EcoReference No.: 108195
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.GRO.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Morse, J. G. and Bellows, T. S. Jr. (1986). Toxicity of Major Citrus Pesticides to Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera:
-------
Aphelinidae) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 311-314.
EcoReference No.: 69300
Chemical of Concern: PRN,MDT,CPY,CBL,DMT,ACP,FTT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ACP,DMT,CBL,MDT).
Mote, U. N. and Kadam, J. R. (1984). Chemical Control of Sorghum Earhead Hairy Caterpillar, Euproctis subnotata
WLK. Indian J.Plant Prot. 12: 147-148.
EcoReference No.: 92543
Chemical of Concern: CBL,MLN,ES,CPY,EFV,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,EFV,ES,CPY),TARGET(CBL).
Mulder, P. G. Jr., Collins, J. K., and Smith, M. W. (1997). Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer and Fall Webworm in
Pecans, 1996. ArthropodManag.Tests 22: 78 (22D).
EcoReference No.: 91493
Chemical of Concern: BFT,TUZ,CYP,PSM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO COC(MP),TARGET(BFT,CYP,PSM,TUZ).
Nair, G. A., Mohamed, A. I., and Haeba, M. H. (2002). Laboratory Studies on the LD50 of the Woodlouse, Porcellio
scaber Latreille (Isopoda, Oniscidea) Exposed to Chlorpyrifos (Dursban). Afr.J.Ecol. 40: 393-395.
EcoReference No.: 108888
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Ng, Y. S. and Ahmad, S. (1979). Resistance to Dieldrin and Tolerance to Chlorpyrifos and Bendiocarb in a Northern
New Jersey Population of Japanese Beetle. J.Econ.Entomol. 72: 698-700.
EcoReference No.: 52668
Chemical of Concern: DLD,BDC,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY)//No Media:None, Om, pH//.
Nielsen, D. G. and Balderston, C. P. (1975). Evaluation of Insecticides for Preventing Reproduction of Pales and
Northern Pine Weevils in Pine Stumps. J.Econ.Entomol. 68: 205-206.
EcoReference No.: 73554
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CBF,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CBF,CPY),OK(CBL).
Nielsen, D. G. and Dunlap, M. J. (1988). Evaluating Foliar Sprays for Controlling Birch Leafminers on Birch,
Wayne County, Ohio, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 372 (3H).
EcoReference No.: 88865
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,CBL).
Nigam, P. C. (1972). Toxicity of Dursban, Gardona and Seven Other Insecticides to White-Pine Weevil Pissodes
strobi (Peck) and Other Components of the Forest Ecosystem. Proc.Entomol.Soc.Ont. 103: 55-59.
EcoReference No.: 38137
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,CPY,MOM,MXC,PPHD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(MOM).
Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1984. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 367 (459).
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EcoReferenceNo.: 88672
Chemical of Concern: MP,PMR,LCYT,FNV,CYP,CYF,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL),OK(MP,PMR,LCYT,FNV,CYP).
Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Control of Armyworm in Barley, 1984. Iwectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 223 (289).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88661
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,PMR,CPY,CYF,CYP,CBL,FNF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL),OK(LCYT,PMR,CYF,CYP,FNF).
Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Foliar Sprays for Larval Sunflower Beetle Control, 1984. Iwectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 353
(442).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88659
Chemical of Concern:
MDT,FVL,DBAC,TDC,TCF,DMT,MP,CPY,CBL,ES,PMR,FNV,CYF,CBF,LCYT,CYP; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ES,CBF,CPY),TARGET(MDT,TCF,CBF,TDC,FVL,CYF,CYP,DMT,CBL,MP,FNV),OK(PMR).
Noetzel, D. M. (1986). Sandhill Cutworm Control, 1984. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 237 (309).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88660
Chemical of Concern: FNF,CPY,CYF,LCYT,CYP,PMR,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(FNF,CYF,LCYT,CYP,PMR),TARGET(CBL).
Noetzel, D. M., Miller, J., and Holder, B. (1994). Aphid Control in Wheat, Mahnomen, MN, 1993. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 19: 293 (158F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 89090
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DS,MLN,MP,PMR,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,MP,CBF,CPY),OK(DS,PMR).
Noetzel, D. M., Ricard, M., and Bromenshenkel, E. (1988). Armyworm Control, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13:
268-269 (119F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88854
Chemical of Concern: PMR,CYP,CYF,EFV,CPY,BFT,CYH,MP,MOM,CBL,TLM,FNV,FVL; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(CYP,CYF,EFV,BFT,CYH,MP,MOM,CBL,TLM,FNV,FVL).
Noetzel, D. M., Ricard, M., Holen, C., and Stanislawski, H. (1987). Sunflower Beetle Larval Control, 1985.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 285 (338).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88705
Chemical of Concern: MP,FNV,FVL,CYP,CPY,MOM,CYH,BFT,CBL,TLM,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,PMR),TARGET(MP,FNV,FVL,CYP,MOM,BFT,CBL,TLM).
Noetzel, D. N. and Warnes, D. (1994). Efficacy Comparison of Some new Materials for Aphid Control in Small
Grain, 1993. Arthropod Manag.Tests 19: 295 (161F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 99569
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,DS,MP,DMT,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,DMT,DS,MP,IMC,CPY).
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Nomura, D. K., Fujioka, K., Issa, R. S., Ward, A. M., Cravatt, B. F., and Casida, J. E. (2008). Dual Roles of Brain
Serine Hydrolase KIAA1363 in Ether Lipid Metabolism and Organophosphate Detoxification .
ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol. 228: 42-48.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109020
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PRN).
Nostrandt, A. C., Padilla, S., and Moser, V. C. (1997). The Relationship of Oral Chlorpyrifos Effects on Behavior,
Cholinesterase Inhibition, and Muscarinic Receptor Density in Rat. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 58: 15-23.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108484
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Oleson, J. D., Kaeb, B., Richtman, N, and Tollefson, J. J. (2005). Evaluation of Products for Control of Corn
Rootworm Larvae, 2004. ArthropodManag.Tests 30: (F28).
EcoReference No.: 102134
Chemical of Concern: TPH,CPY,CEX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CEX,CPY),OK(TPH).
Oleson, J. D., Nowatzki, T. M., and Tollefson, J. J. (1999). Field Corn, Wireworm Larval Control, 1998. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 24: 217-218 (F30).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88098
Chemical of Concern: PBP,TBO,TFT,CEX,CPY,PRT,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(PBP),TARGET(TBO,CEX,PRT,IMC).
Oliver, J. B., Mannion, C. M., Klein, M. G., Moyseenko, J. J., and Bishop, B. (2005). Effect of Insecticides on
Tiphia vernalis (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) Oviposition and Survival of Progeny to Cocoon Stage when
Parasitizing Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larvae. J.Econ.Entomol. 98: 694-703.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101977
Chemical of Concern: IMC,TXM,CPY,CBL,HFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.MOR.BEH: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(IMC,TXM,CBL,HFZ).
Oliver, J. B., Reding, M. E., Dennis, S. 0., Moyseenko, J. J., Youssef, N. N., Klein, M. G., Callcott, A. M. A.,
James, S. S., McAnally, L. R., and Bishop, B. L. (2008). Drench Treatments for Management of Larval
Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Field-Grown Balled and Burlapped Nursery Plants.
J.Econ.Entomol. 101: 1158-1166.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109041
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.LCYT.TMX: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(BFT).
Oliver, J. B., Reding, M. E., Klein, M. G., Youssef, N. N., Mannion, C. M., Bishop, B., James, S. S., and Callcott,
A. M. (2007). Chlorpyrifos Immersion to Eliminate Third Instars of Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae) in Balled and Burlapped Trees and Subsequent Treatment Effects on Red Maple.
J.Econ.Entomol. 100: 307-314.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109028
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Oliver, J. B., Reding, M. E., Moyseenko, J. J., Klein, M. G., Mannion, C. M., and Bishop, B. (2006). Survival of
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Adult Tiphia vernalis (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) After Insecticide, Fungicide, and Herbicide Exposure in
Laboratory Bioassays. J.Econ.Entomol. 99: 288-294.
EcoReferenceNo.: 95857
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BFT,IMC,CBL,MCPP1,24D,DMB,PDM,HFZ,TPM,OYZ,CTN; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(IMC,CPY,HFZ),NO
MIXTURE(24D),OK(CBL,CTN,BFT,OYZ,MCPP1).
Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., Gray, M. E., and Steffey, K. L. (1992). Reduced Rates of Soil Insecticides for Corn Rootworm
Control, 1987-1991. In: A.K.Burditt,Jr.(Ed.), Insecticide andAcaricide Tests, Volume 17, Entomol.Soc.of
Am., Lanham, MD 213-214.
EcoReference No.: 79802
Chemical of Concern: TBO,FNF,TFT,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(TBO,CBF).
Ostlie, K. R. (1992). Insecticide Performance Against First-Generation European Corn Borer-Liquids vs Granules,
1991. Insecticide andAcaricide Tests 17: 215-216 (49F).
EcoReference No.: 79800
Chemical of Concern: BFT,MP,CBF,CYF,FNF,CPY,EFV,DZ,CBL,PMR,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(BFT,CYF,EFV,CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(MP,CBF,DZ,CBL).
Pablo, F., Krassoi, F. R., Jones, P. R. F., Colville, A. E., Hose, G. C., and Lim, R. P. (2008). Comparison of the Fate
and Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos - Laboratory Versus a Coastal Mesocosm System. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.
71:219-229.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108483
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Palma, P., Palma, V. L., Fernandes, R. M., Scares, A. M. V. M., and Barbosa, I. R. (2008). Acute Toxicity of
Atrazine, Endosulfan Sulphate and Chlorpyrifos to Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia
magna, Relative to Their Concentrations in Surface Waters from the Alentejo Region of Portugal.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 81: 485-489.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108323
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ESS,ATZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(ESS,ATZ).
Pareek, B. L. and Kavadia, V. S. (1987). Field Evaluation of Insecticides Against Hadda Beetle, Henosepilachana
vigintioctopunctata Fabr. Infesting Musk Melon. Indian J.Plant Prot. 15: 105-107.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89595
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ETN,PHSL,DCF,CBL,TXP,MLN,ES,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,ES),TARGET(DCF,CBL,MLN,DMT).
Parr, J. C. and Pass, B. C. (1992). Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1991. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 179-180 (10F).
EcoReference No.: 79799
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY,PMR,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(CBF).
Pathak, K. A. and Jha, A. N. (1999). Toxicity of Some Insecticides Against Adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus
sp. and Sitotroga cerealella. Indian J.Entomol. 61: 320-325.
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EcoReference No.: 69725
Chemical of Concern: DM,CPYM,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM,MLN,DM).
Pathiratne, A., Chandrasekera, L. W. H. U., and De Seram, P. K. C. (2008). Effects of Biological and Technical
Factors on Brain and Muscle Cholinesterases in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Implications for
Biomonitoring Neurotoxic Contaminations. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 54 : 309-317.
EcoReference No.: 104486
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CBF,CPY).
Patil, R. S., Bhole, S. D., and Patil, S. P. (1989). Laboratory Evaluation of Some Chemicals for Control of
Swarming Caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) Infesting Rice (Oryza sativa) in Konkan Region of Maharashtra.
Indian J.Agric.Sci. 59: 381-383 .
EcoReference No.: 91602
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,MP,CBL,CPY,ES,CYP,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(MP,CBL,CYP,DDVP,HCCH).
Patton, T. W. and Dively, G. P. (1999). Control of Alfalfa Weevil, 1998. ArthropodManag.Tests 24: 202 (Fl 1).
EcoReference No.: 88130
Chemical of Concern: LCYT,PSM,CPY,CYF,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(PSM,CYF).
Paula, V. F., Barbosa, L. C. A., Teixeira, R. R., Picanco, M. C., and Silva, G. A. (2008). Synthesis and Insecticidal
Activity of New 3-Benzylfuran-2-yl N,N,N',N'-Tetraethyldiamidophosphate Derivatives. PestManag.Sci.
64: 863-872.
EcoReference No.: 108482
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Perfecto, I. (1990). Indirect and Direct Effects in a Tropical Agroecosystem: The Maize-Pest-Ant System in
Nicaragua. Ecology 71: 2125-2134.
EcoReference No.: 63962
Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),NO CONC(CBF).
Peter, C. and David, B. V. (1988). Comparative Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Apanteles taragamae
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Trap.PestManag. 34: 402-403.
EcoReference No.: 93426
Chemical of Concern: MOM,MP,ES,CPY,PHSL,FNV,CYP,CBL,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,ES,MP),OK(CYP,CBL,PHSL),NO
ENDPOINT(FNV,MOM,DM).
Pogoda, M. K., Free, D. J., and Marshall, D. B. (2001). Effects of Encapsulation on the Toxicity of Insecticides to
the Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the Predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari:
Phytoseiidae). Can.Entomol. 133: 819-826.
EcoReference No.: 63049
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITE
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EVAL CODED(CPY),EFFICACY(CYP).
Pope, C. N., Chakraborti, T. K., Chapman, M. L., Farrar, J. D., and Arthun, D. (1991). Comparison of In Vivo
Cholinesterase Inhibition in Neonatal and Adult Rats by Three Organophosphorothioate Insecticides.
Toxicology 68: 51-61.
EcoReferenceNo.: 105580
Chemical of Concern: MP,PRN,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(MP,CPY,PRN).
Power, K. T., Shetlar, D. J., Niemczyk, H. D., and Belcher, M. G. (1993). Subsurface Placement of Insecticides for
Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway in Lucas County, OH, 1992.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 18: 342-343 (73G).
EcoReference No.: 107313
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FTZ,AZD,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),NOCOC(FTZ),TARGET(AZD,EP).
Prabhaker, N., Morse, J. G., Castle, S. J., Naranjo, S. E., Henneberry, T. J., and Toscano, N. C. (2007). Toxicity of
Seven Foliar Insecticides to Four Insect Parasitoids Attacking Citrus and Cotton Pests. J.Econ.Entomol.
100: 1053-1061.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108456
Chemical of Concern: PYX,BZP,ACT,CPY,BFT,CYF,FPP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FPP,BFT,CYF,CPY).
Prasad, G. R., Joshi, B. G., and Rao, S. N. (1986). Relative Efficacy of Some Insecticides and Neem Seed Kernel
Suspension Against Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius on Tobacco. Indian J.Plant Prot. 14:
69-74.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92886
Chemical of Concern: DM,FNV,CPY,AZD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CPY),TARGET(FNV,AZD,DM).
Prickett, A. J. and Ratcliffe, C. A. (1977). The Behaviour of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus granarius
(L.) in the Presence of Insecticide-Treated Surfaces. J.StoredProd.Res. 13: 145-148.
EcoReferenceNo.: 53317
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,BRSM,PYN,HCCH,DDT,CPY,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY),TARGET(PIRM),OK(BRSM).
Quisenberry, S., Whitford, F., and Lee, J. W. (1988). Fall Armyworm Control in Louisiana, 1987.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 195 (28F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88849
Chemical of Concern: TDC,CPY,MP,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVALCODED(CPY),TARGET(TDC,MP,CBL).
Rabindra, R. J., Jayaraj, S., and Balasubramanian, M. (1988). Farinocystis tribolii-Induced Susceptibility to Some
Insecticides in Tribolium castaneum Larvae. J.Invertebr.Pathol. 52: 389-392.
EcoReference No.: 105016
Chemical of Concern: MLN,CPY,FNV,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,GRO,MOR,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MLN,FNV,CYP).
Rai, K. M., Joshi, R., and Gupta, B. P. (1986). Evergestis forficalis (L) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) a new Pest of
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Crucifers with Its Biology and Control. Prog.Hortic. 18: 157-162.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89400
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,MLN,HCCH,ES,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(MLN,MP,HCCH,DDVP).
Rajamani, S., Kulshrestha, J. P., Pasalu, I. C., and Dani, R. C. (1984). Seedling Root Soaking, an Effective and
Economical Measure to Control Rice Insect Pests at Vegetative Stage. Indian J.Plant Prot. 12: 35-41.
EcoReferenceNo.: 105686
Chemical of Concern: PRT,CBF,CPY,IFP,FNV,ES,THO,TBC; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FNV,CPY,CBF),EFFICACY(ES,TBC).
Ramaprasad, G., Joshi, B. G., Sitaramaiah, S., and Chari, M. S. (1989). Efficacy of Insecticides in Bait Formulations
for Control of Fourth Instar Larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabricius in Tobacco Nurseries. Indian J.Plant
Prot. 17: 53-57.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92884
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(FNV).
Rao, J. V. (2008). Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity as a Potential Biomarker for the Rapid Assessment of
Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in a Euryhaline Fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Environ.Bioindic. 3: 11-22.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109601
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Rao, J. V., Begum, G., Pallela, R., Usman, P. K., and Rao, R. N. (2005). Changes in Behavior and Brain
Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Mosquito Fish, Gambusia affinis in Response to the Sub-lethal Exposure
to Chlorpyrifos. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public Health 2: 478-483.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108871
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC.BCM.MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Rao, K. P. and Radhakrishnaiah, K. (2006). Pesticidal Impact on Protein Metabolism of the Freshwater Fish,
Cyprinus carpio (Lin.). Nat.Environ.Pollut.Technol. 5: 367-374.
EcoReferenceNo.: 106792
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CBF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ES,CPY,CBF).
Rawlings, N. C., Cook, S. J., and Waldbillig, D. (1998). Effects of the Pesticides Carbofuran, Chlorpyrifos,
Dimethoate, Lindane, Triallate, Trifluralin, 2,4-D, and Pentachlorophenol on the Metabolic Endocrine and
Reproductive Endocrine System in Ewes. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health A 54: 21-36.
EcoReferenceNo.: 61494
Chemical of Concern: TFN,CBF,DMT,24DXY,CPY,PCP,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(24DXY,CPY,CBF,DMT,HCCH,TFN,PCP)//OK Coded
CCK//TRV-PCP//.
Redmond, C., Buxton, M., and Potter, D. A. (1988). Control of Bagworms on Eastern Red Cedar, 1987.
ImecticAcaric.Tests 13: 372-373 (5H).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88866
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODE(CPY,CBL).
Redmond, C., Buxton, M., and Potter, D. A. (1988). Prevention of Japanese Beetle Defoliation with Foliar
Insecticides, 1987. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 13: 362 (No. 66G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88864
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY,CBL).
Reyes, M., Franck, P., Charmillot, P. J., loriatti, C., Olivares, J., Pasqualini, E., and Sauphanor, B. (2007). Diversity
of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms and Spectrum in European Populations of the Codling Moth, Cydia
pomonella. PestManag.Sci. 63: 890-902.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108481
Chemical of Concern: AZ,DM,PHSL,TUZ,DFZ,FYC,SS,TAP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(AZ,PHSL,TUZ,FYC,SS,TAP),TARGET(DM,DFZ).
Reyes, M. and Sauphanor, B. (2008). Resistance Monitoring in Codling Moth: A Need for Standardization. Pest
Manag.Sci. 64: 945-953.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108747
Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZ,SS,TAP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Ribeiro, B. M., Guedes, R. N. C., Oliveira, E. E., and Santos, J. P. (2003). Insecticide Resistance and Synergism in
Brazilian Populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J.StoredProd.Res. 39:21-31.
EcoReferenceNo.: 71409
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,CYP,DM,PMR,MLN,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPYM),NO CONC(PPB),OK(PMR),TARGET(MLN,CYP,DM).
Ricceri, L., Venerosi, A., Capone, F., Cometa, M. F., Lorenzini, P., Fortuna, S., and Calamandrei, G. (2006).
Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorous Pesticides: Fetal and Neonatal Exposure to
Chlorpyrifos Alters Sex-Specific Behaviors at Adulthood in Mice. Toxicol.Sci. 93: 105-113.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101892
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Rice, P. J. and Coats, J. R. (1994). Insecticidal Properties of Monoterpenoid Derivatives to the House Fly (Diptera:
Muscidae) and Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Pestic.Sci. 41: 195-202.
EcoReferenceNo.: 102654
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP,GER,LIN,MEN,CRV,TML; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CRV,MEN,TML,CPY),TARGET(DDVP).
Rice, P. J. and Coats, J. R. (1994). Insecticidal Properties of Several Monoterpenoids to the House Fly (Diptera:
Muscidae), Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Southern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 87: 1172-1179.
EcoReference No.: 66925
Chemical of Concern: PYN,DDVP,CPY,CIN,GER,LIN,RRSMEN,TML,VBN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(RRSMEN,VBN,CPY,TML),TARGET(DDVP).
Richardson, R. J., Moore, T. B., Kayyali, U. S., Fowke, J. H., and Randall, J. C. (1993). Inhibition of Hen Brain
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Acetylcholinesterase and Neurotoxic Esterase by Chlorpyrifos In Vivo and Kinetics of Inhibition by
Chlorpyrifos Oxon In Vitro: Application to Assessment of Neuropathic Risk. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 20:
273-279 .
EcoReference No.: 101891
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
Riedl, H., Weires, R. W., Seaman, A., and Hoying, S. A. (1985). Seasonal Biology and Control of the Dogwood
Borer, Synanthedon scitula (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) on Clonal Apple Rootstocks in New York.
Can.Entomol. 117: 1367-1377.
EcoReference No.: 92914
Chemical of Concern: MP,FNV,CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(FNV,MP).
Riskallah, M. R. (1984). Influence of Different Synergists on the Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Susceptible and
Resistant Larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Indian J.Agric.Sci. 54: 126-130.
EcoReference No.: 92448
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF,PPB,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO MIXTURE(TBF,PPB),TARGET(FNV).
Riskallah, M. R. (1984). Influence of Posttreatment Temperature on the Toxicity of Pyrethroid Insecticides to
Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).
Experiential: 188-190.
EcoReference No.: 92552
Chemical of Concern: CPY,MOM,PMR,FNV,DM,CYP,FYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MOM,FNV,CYP,DM),NO COC(TBF),OK(PMR).
Rodriguez, M. M., Bisset, J., De Fernandez, D. M., Lauzan, L., and Soca, A. (2001). Detection of Insecticide
Resistance in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba and Venezuela. JMed.Entomol. 38: 623-628.
EcoReference No.: 66934
Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNTH,MLN,CPY,DM,LCYT,CYP,PIRM,PPB,TBF; Habitat: A; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,DM,CPY),OK(TMP,CYP,PPB,TBF).
Roh, J. Y. and Choi, J. (2008). Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos Exposure on the Nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 71:483-489.
EcoReference No.: 109042
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.REP.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Rosenheim, J. A. and Hoy, M. A. (1986). Intraspecific Variation in Levels of Pesticide Resistance in Field
Populations of a Parasitoid, Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): The Role of Past Selection
Pressures. J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 1161-1173.
EcoReference No.: 91027
Chemical of Concern: MDT,MLN,DMT,CPY,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(MDT,MLN,DMT,CBL).
Rosenheim, J. A. and Hoy, M. A. (1988). Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on the Parasitoid Aphytis melinus
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 476-483 .
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EcoReferenceNo.: 93319
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY,DMT,MLN,MDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,POP,GRO;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY),OK(CBL,DMT).
Ross, D. C. and Brown, T. M. (1982). Inhibition of Larval Growth in Spodoptera frugiperda by Sublethal Dietary
Concentrations of Insecticides. JAgric.Food Chem. 30: 193-196.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90474
Chemical of Concern:
FNV,PMR,DDT,ES,TXP,ADC,CBL,MCB,MOM,TDC,CPY,MP,PFF,SPS,TCF,AMZ,DFZ,MTPN,PPB;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(FNV,ADC,CBL,MOM,TDC,MP,PFF,TCF,MTPN,PPB,DFZ,AMZ),OK(PMR,E
S).
Ross, D. C., Crim, J. W., Brown, M. R., Herzog, G. A., and Lea, A. 0. (1987). Toxic and Antifeeding Actions of
Melittin in the Corn Earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie): Comparisons to Bee Venom and the Insecticides
Chlorpyriphos and Cyromazine. Toxicon 25: 307-313.
EcoReference No.: 68739
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.BEH.PHY: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYR).
Rowsey, P. J. and Gordon, C. J. (1997). Tolerance to the Hypothermic and Hyperthermic Effects of Chlorpyrifos.
Toxicology 121: 215-221.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101890
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Saad, A. S. A., Elewa, M. A., Zaghloul, 0. A., Awad, H. A., and Masoud, M. A. (1985). Toxicological and
Histopathological Studies on Spiny Bollworm (Earias insulana). Meded.Fac.Landbouww.Rijksuniv.Gent.
50: 735-750.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92602
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNV,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(FNV,TDC).
Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected
Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) from Pakistan. J.Econ.Entomol. 101: 1667-1675.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108325
Chemical of Concern: TDC,ES,CYP,DM,CYF,PFF,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(ES),TARGET(TDC,CYP,DM,CYF,PFF,MOM).
Samsoe-Petersen, L. (1993). Effects of 45 Insecticides, Acaricides and Molluscicides on the Rove Beetle Aleochara
bilineata (Col.: Staphylinidae) in the Laboratory. Entomophaga 38: 371-382.
EcoReference No.: 63489
Chemical of Concern:
DM,FPP,CYP,CYF,LCYT,FVT,DFZ,BPZ,CYR,CTZ,FYC,HTX,AMZ,MAL,MW,DMT,MTM,ACP,AZ,F
NT,CPY,DZ,PPHD,PSM,MCB,PIM,CBL,OML; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP .MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(PSM,CYP,CYF,CYR,HTX,DMT,MTM,ACP,AZ,DZ,CBL,FNT,OML,DM).
Saravanakumar, D., Muthumeena, K., Lavanya, N, Suresh, S., Rajendran, L., Raguchander, T., and Samiyappan, R.
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(2007). Pseudomonas-Induced Defence Molecules in Rice Plants Against Leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis
medinalis) Pest. Pest Manag.Sci. 63: 714-721.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101321
Chemical of Concern: CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR.GRO: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM).
Satpute, N. S., Deshmukh, S. D., Rao, N. G. V., Tikar, S. N, Moharil, M. P., and Nimbalkar, S. A. (2007).
Temperature-Dependent Variation in Toxicity of Insecticides Against Earias vitella (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 100: 357-360.
EcoReference No.: 108519
Chemical of Concern: CYP,FNV,CPY,ES,IDC,SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
Schuster, D. J. (1993). Control of Armyworms on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall, 1991. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 18: 140 (70E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 99404
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),NOCOC(CYR),CROP(MOM).
Seagraves, M. P. and McPherson, R. M. (2003). Residual Susceptibility of the Red Imported Fire Ant
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to Four Agricultural Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol. 96: 645-648.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87959
Chemical of Concern: MOM,LCYT,ACP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ACP,CPY),OK(LCYT),TARGET(MOM).
Semtner, P. J., Wilkinson III, W. B., and Walton, J. (1993). Tobacco Aphid and Tobacco Flea Beetle Control with
Soil Insecticides, 1992. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 18: 291 (134F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 107447
Chemical of Concern: EP,CBF,CPY,ADC,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(ACP,CBF,ADC).
Semtner, P. J. and Wilkinson, W. B. (1995). Cutworm and Flea Beetle Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1994.
Arthropod Manag.Tests 20 : 257-258 (135F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 104170
Chemical of Concern: FTZ,CPY,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(FTZ,CPY),EFFICACY(ACP).
SenthilKumaar, P., Samyappan, K., Jayakumar, S., and Deecaraman, M. (2007). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on the
Nutritive Value in a Freshwater Field Crab, Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma. Res.J.Agric.Biol.Sci. 3: 760-
766.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108872
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
SenthilKumaar, P., Samyappan, K., Jayakumar, S., and Deecaraman, M. (2007). Impact of Chlorpyrifos on the
Neurosecretory Cells in a Freshwater Field Crab, Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma. Res.J.Agric.Biol.Sci. 3:
625-630.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108873
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Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Sharma, H. C., Vidyasagar, P., and Leuschner, K. (1988). Field Screening Sorghum for Resistance to Sorghum
Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 327-334 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 104816
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CPY,MLN,DDVP,FNT,ES,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FNT,FNV,CPY,MLN,ES,CBL),EFFICACY(DDVP).
Sherman, M, Herrick, R. B., Ross, E., and Chang, M. T. Y. (1967). Further Studies on the Acute and Subacute
Toxicity of Insecticides to Chicks. ToxicoLAppl.Pharmacol. 11: 49-67.
EcoReferenceNo.: 38750
Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY,FNT,EP,CBF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,PHY,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ,CBF,FNT,CPY).
Shields, E. J., Sher, R. B., and Taylor, P. S. (1991). Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1990. Imectic.Acaric.Tests
16: 138 (22F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 90677
Chemical of Concern: PMR,EFV,CYF,CPY,MP,CBF,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MOM,MP,EFV,CBF),NO COC(MLN),OK(PMR).
Shields, E. J. and Taylor, P. S. (1992). Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 182-183
(13F).
EcoReference No.: 79795
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CBF,LCYT,CPY,MP,PMR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYF,CBL,MP,PMR).
Singh, D. S., Sircar, P., and Dhingra, S. (1985). Status of Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Diacrisia obliqua Walker
(Arctiidae: Lepidoptera) in the Context of Susceptibility to Pyrethroid and Non-Pyrethroid Insecticides
Evaluated During the Last Two Decades. J.Entomol.Res. (New Delhi) 9: 15-18.
EcoReferenceNo.: 64412
Chemical of Concern:
TCF,NCTN,DMT,DDT,DM,CYP,EPRN,ES,PMR,FNV,MP,FNT,HCCH,PPHD,DDW,CPY,DZ,CBL,ML
N,DS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(ES,TCF,DDW,MLN,DMT,FNV,FNT,NCTN,DDT,DM,CYP,EPRN,MP,HCCH
,PPHD,DZ,CBL,DS),OK(PMR).
Singh, 0. P. and Rawat, R. R. (1980). Toxicity of Some Insecticides Against Pupae and Adults of Dicladispa
armigera (Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Rice. Indian J.Agric.Sci. 50: 271-272.
EcoReference No.: 101340
Chemical of Concern: FNTH,FNT,DDVP,ES,DCTP,CPY,PHSL,PPHD,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(DCTP,DMT,FNT,DDVP).
Singh, P. B., Sahu, V., Singh, V., Nigam, S. K., and Singh, H. K. (2008). Sperm Motility in the Fishes of Pesticide
Exposed and from Polluted Rivers of Gomti and Ganga of North India. Food Chem.Toxicol. 46: 3764-
3769 (doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.066).
EcoReferenceNo.: 108326
Chemical of Concern: DDT,CPY,HCCH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL.REP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
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Sitaramaiah, S., Prasad, G. R., and Sreedhar, U. (1999). Management of Tobacco Ground Beetle, Mesomorphus
villiger with Insecticide Baits on Flue Cured Virginia Tobacco. Indian J.Agricult.Sci. 69: 660-663.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93062
Chemical of Concern: AZD,CBL,PRT,ES,CPY,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),EFFICACY(AZD,CBL,FNV),OK(ES,PRT).
Slotkin, T. A. and Seidler, F. J. (2007). Developmental Exposure to Terbutaline and Chlorpyrifos, Separately or
Sequentially, Elicits Presynaptic Serotonergic Hyperactivity in Juvenile and Adolescent Rats. Brain
Res.Bull. 73: 301-309.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109599
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Slotkin, T. A., Seidler, F. J., and Fumagalli, F. (2008). Targeting of Neurotrophic Factors, Their Receptors, and
Signaling Pathways in the Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphates In Vivo and In Vitro . Brain
Res.Bull. 76: 424-438.
EcoReference No.: 111973
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(DZ).
Smilowitz, Z., Cox, D. L., Rebarchak, P., and Yocum, J. (1991). Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato, 1987.
InsecticAcaric.Tests 16: 100-102 (64E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 108974
Chemical of Concern: CTN,MZB,MTPN,CYF,ADC,CPY,EFV,HFR; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CYF,HFR,EFV),NO
MIXTURE(MTPN,MZB,CTN).
Smitley, D. R., Davis, T. W., and Williams, M. M. (1999). Ant Control Around Housing Structures, 1998.
ArthropodManag.Tests 24: 387-388 (J2).
EcoReferenceNo.: 108993
Chemical of Concern: CPY,BFT,CYF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(BFT,CYF).
Smitley, D. R., Davis, T. W., and Williams, M. M. (1999). Ant Efficacy on a Golf Course Fairway, 1998.
Arthropod Manag.Tests 24: 337 (G15).
EcoReferenceNo.: 108994
Chemical of Concern: CYF,CPY,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(CYF,BFT).
Sohi, A. S., Mann, H. S., Singh, J., Brar, K. S., and Shenbmar, M. (1997). Effect of Insecticides on the Emergence
of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogramatidae), an Egg Parasitoid of Cotton Bollworms.
J.Res.Punjab Agric. Univ. 34: 153-155.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93333
Chemical of Concern: PFF,ACP,CBL,CPY,CYP,DM,ES,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(PFF,ACP,CBL,CPY,CYP,DM,ES,FNV).
Stone, J. D. (1986). White Grub Control in Turf with Insecticides, 1984. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 11: 393 (506).
EcoReferenceNo.: 87897
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Chemical of Concern: DZ,CBL,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL).
Subramanian, S., Rabindra, R. J., Palaniswamy, S., Sathiah, N., and Rajasekaran, B. (2005). Impact of Granulovirus
Infection on Susceptibility of Spodoptera litura to Insecticides. Biol.Control 33: 165-172.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108748
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(FNV).
Subramanyam, B., Toews, M. D., Ileleji, K. E., Maier, D. E., Thompson, G. D., and Pitts, T. J. (2007). Evaluation of
Spinosad as a Grain Protectant on Three Kansas Farms. Crop Prot. 26: 1021-1030.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108874
Chemical of Concern: SS,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPYM,SS).
Swier, S. R. (1996). Ant Control on Golf Course Fairways, NH, 1994. ArthropodManag.Tests 21: 342 (39G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 110929
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DM,TLM,CYF,IMC,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(IMC,DM,CBL,TLM,CYF) .
Swier, S. R. and Rollins, A. (1996). Control of Ants on Golf Course Fairway, 1995. Arthropod Manag.Tests 21:
329-330 (17G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 110933
Chemical of Concern: DM,TLM,CPY,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(DM,TLM,BFT).
Tait, S., Ricceri, L., Venerosi, A., Maranghi, F., Mantovani, A., and Calamandrei, G. (2009). Long-Term Effects on
Hypothalamic Neuropeptides after Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in Mice. Environ.Health
Perspect. 117: 112-116.
EcoReferenceNo.: 111789
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CPY).
Teli, V. S. and Salunkhe, G. N. (1993). Relative Efficacy and Economics of Some Insecticides for the Control of
Sweet Potato Weevil. Indian J.Plant Prot. 21: 59-61.
EcoReferenceNo.: 89011
Chemical of Concern: CYP,FNV,FNTH,PHSL,CPY,DZ,MP,CBL,ES,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
POP: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(ES,CPY),TARGET(MLN,FNV,CBL,CYP,DZ),TARGET,CROP(MP).
Teran, A. L., Alvarez, R. A., and Orlando, C. A. (1993). Effect of Currently Used Pesticides in Citrus Orchards on
Two Aphelinid Parasitoids. Laboratory Tests. J.Appl.Entomol. 116: 20-24.
EcoReferenceNo.: 90421
Chemical of Concern: Cu,PQT,GYPI,BMC,DU,BMY,MZB,Zineb,DCF,MDT,EPRN,CPY; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DU,CPY,PQT,GYPI,BMY),NO
MIXTURE(DCF),NOENDPOINT(MZB),OK(BMC).
Teran-Vargas, A. P., Garza-Urbina, E., Blanco-Montero, C. A., Perez-Carmona, G., and Pellegaud-Rabago, J. M.
(1997). Efficacy of new Insecticides to Control Beet Armyworm in Northeastern Mexico.
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In:Proc.Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2: 1030-1031.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82470
Chemical of Concern: MFZ,DFZ,SS,TUZ,CPY,HFR,CFP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MFZ,DFZ,SS,TUZ,CPY,HFR,CFP).
Terry, A. V. Jr., Gearhart, D. A., Beck, W. D. Jr., Truan, J. N, Middlemore, M. L., Williamson, L. N, Bartlett, M.
G., Prendergast, M. A., Sickles, D. W., and Buccafusco, J. J. (2007). Chronic, Intermittent Exposure to
Chlorpyrifos in Rats: Protracted Effects on Axonal Transport, Neurotrophin Receptors, Cholinergic
Markers, and Information Processing. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 322: 1117-1128.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108380
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.GRO.BCM.CEL: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Tetreault, G. E. (1985). Metabolism of Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos, DDT, and Parathion in the European Corn Borer:
Effects of Microsporidiosis on Toxicity and Detoxication. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ.Illinois, Urbana, IL 86 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 87626
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CBF,CPY,DDT,DZ,FNF,MOM,PRN,PMR,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
BCM,MOR,GRO,ACC; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(CBL,MOM,DZ,CBF).
Tindall, K. V., Gable, R., Emfinger, K., and Leonard, B. R. (2005). Evaluation of Selected Insecticides Treatments
Against Soil Insects in Field Corn, 2004. ArthropodManag.Tests 30: (F31).
EcoReference No.: 102135
Chemical of Concern: CTD,CEX,CPY,TPH,TBO,BFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.PHY: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CEX,CPY),OK(TPH,TBO,BFT).
Turner, A. S., Bale, J. S., and Clements, R. 0. (1990). Effects of a Range of Pesticides on the Carabid Beetle
Pterostichus melanarius (111.) Using a Microplot Technique. J.Appl.Entomol. 109: 463-469.
EcoReference No.: 62744
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,OMT,MCB,ADC,FNF,CPY,MCPP1; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR.POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MCPP1,CPY),OK(OMT),TARGET(MCB,ADC),NO
COC(DMT).
Tuzmen, N., Candan, N., Kaya, E., and Demiryas, N. (2008). Biochemical Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Deltamethrin
on Altered Antioxidative Defense Mechanisms and Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Liver. Cell Biochem.Funct.
26: 119-124.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108976
Chemical of Concern: CPY,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY,DM).
Valarmathi, K. and Sundararajan, R. (1986). Biology of Chelonus blackburni Cameron and Comparative Toxicity of
Certain Pesticides to Bracon brevicornis Wesmael and Chelonus blackburni Cameron (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae). Entomol.Ser. 1:47-51.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93332
Chemical of Concern: DM,ES,CPY,CBL,FNV,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,GRO;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),NO ENDPOINT(CBL,MOM,DM,FNV).
Van Herk, W. G., Vernon, R. S., Clodius, M., Harding, C., and Tolman, J. H. (2007). Mortality of Five Wireworm
Species (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Following Topical Application of Clothianidin and Chlorpyrifos.
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J.Entomol.Soc.Brit.Colombia 104: 55-63.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108457
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CTD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Van Herk, W. G., Vernon, R. S., and Roitberg, B. D. (2008). Repellency of a Wireworm, Agriotes obscurus
(Coleoptera: Elateridae), on Exposure to Synthetic Insecticides in a Soil-Less Bioassay. Environ.Entomol.
37: 534-545.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108459
Chemical of Concern: IMC,CPY,FPN,TMX,CTD; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Van Herk, W. G., Vernon, R. S., Tolman, J. H., and Saavedra, H. 0. (2008). Mortality of a Wireworm, Agriotes
obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae), After Topical Application of Various Insecticides. J.Econ.Entomol.
101:375-383.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108458
Chemical of Concern: SS,FPN,TFT,CTD,TMX,CPY,DZ,IMC,ACT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY).
Van Steenwyk, R. A. and Fouche, C. F. (1994). Control of First Generation Codling Moth with Imidan, 1993.
ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 51 (9D).
EcoReferenceNo.: 106275
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(PSM).
Vernon, R. S. and Mackenzie, J. R. (1991). Granular Insecticides Against Overwintered Tuber Flea Beetle, Epitrix
tuberis Gentner (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on Potato. Can.Entomol. 123:333-343.
EcoReferenceNo.: 96616
Chemical of Concern: ADC,PRT,DS,CBF,CPY,FNF,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,GRO;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PRT),TARGET(ADC,DS,CBF,TBO).
Villani, M. G. and Wright, R. J. (1987). Fall Control of White Grubs with Insecticides on a Long Island Golf
Course, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 326(392).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88693
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCF,EP,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(TCF,EP),TARGET(CBL).
Villani, M. G. and Wright, R. J. (1987). Fall Control of White Grubs with Labelled Insecticides and Entomogenous
Nematodes on a Golf Course, Syracuse, NY, 1986. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 325 (391).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88695
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCF,CBL,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(TCF,EP),TARGET(CBL).
Vinogradov, G. A., Stay, F., Umorin, P. P., Mavrin, A. S., Klerman, A. K., Koreneva, E. I., Kurbatova, S. A.,
Solntseva, I. 0., and Vinogradova, G. I. (1996). The Effect of Heavy Metals and Chlorpyrifos, Separately
and in Combination, on a Continuous Flow Mesocosm Aquatic System. In: EPA-600/R-96/090, Proc. USA-
Russia Symp.on the Problems of Aquatic Toxicology, Biotesting and Water Quality Management, Jul.21-
23, 1992, Borok, Jaroslavl Oblast, Ecosyst.Res.Div., Athens, GA 148-161.
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EcoReference No.: 67672
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY).
Vittum, P. J. (1987). Efficacy of Several Insecticides Against Asiatic Garden Beetle, Massachusetts, 1986.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 327 (393).
EcoReference No.: 88770
Chemical of Concern: CBL,TMMC,CPY,FNF,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBL,EP),NO COC(FNT).
Walton, V. M. and Pringle, K. L. (2001). Effects of Pesticides and Fungicides Used on Grapevines on the Mealybug
Predatory Beetle Nephus 'boschianus' (Coccinellidae, Scymnini). S.Afr.J.Enol.Vitic. 22: 107-110.
EcoReference No.: 97758
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES,CYP,MZB,FSTA1; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,ES),TARGET(CYP),NO ENDPOINT(FSTA1,MZB).
Walton, V. M. and Pringle, K. L. (1999). Effects of Pesticides Used on Table Grapes on the Mealybug Parasitoid
Coccidoxenoidesperegrinus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). S.Afr.J.Enol.Vitic. 20: 31-34.
EcoReference No.: 93317
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES,CYP,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ES,CPY),NO ENDPOINT(MZB),OK(CYP).
Warner, J. and Hay, S. (1985). Observations, Monitoring, and Control of Clearwing Borers (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
on Apple in Central Ontario. Can.Entomol. 117: 1471-1478.
EcoReference No.: 105191
Chemical of Concern: DMT,FNV,PMR,ES,PRN,CPY,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(PMR,ES),TARGET(DMT,FNV).
Weissling, T. J., Peairs, F. B., and Pilcher, S. D. (1992). Comparison of Chemigated and Aerially-Applied
Chlorpyrifos and Fenvalerate for Control of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae .
J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 539-543.
EcoReference No.: 108460
Chemical of Concern: EFV,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(EFV).
Werner, R. A., Hastings, F. L., and Averill, R. (1983). Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Insecticides Against the
Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Parasites and Predators in Alaska. J.Econ.Entomol. 76: 1144-
1147.
EcoReference No.: 104757
Chemical of Concern: PIRE,CBL,FNV,CPY,PMR,PSM,FNT,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,FNV,CPY),NO ENDPOINT(FNT),OK(PSM,PMR).
Witkowski, J. F. (1992). Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl Stage Corn, 1991. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 220
(56F).
EcoReference No.: 79781
Chemical of Concern: CBF,FNF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),TARGET(CBF).
Wolf, D. D., Parrish, D. J., Daniels, W. L., and McKenna, J. R. (1989). No-Till Establishment of Perennial, Warm-
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Season Grasses for Biomass Production. Biomass 20: 209-217.
EcoReference No.: 111271
Chemical of Concern: SZ,PAQT,ATZ,24D,CBF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection
Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),OK(CBF,SZ,ATZ),NO ENDPOINT(24D,PAQT).
Wood, R. J., Pasteur, N, and Sinegre, G. (1984). Carbamate and Organophosphate Resistance in Culex pipiens L.
(Diptera: Culicidae) in Southern France and the Significance of Est-3A. Bull.Entomol.Res. 74: 677-687.
EcoReference No.: 103319
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PPB,CPY,MLN,PFF,CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CPY,CBL),OK(PFF),NO MIXTURE(TBF,PPB).
Wright, R. J., Scharf, M. E., Meinke, L. J., Zhou, X., Siegfried, B. D., and Chandler, L. D. (2000). Larval
Susceptibility of an Insecticide-Resistant Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Population to Soil Insecticides: Laboratory Bioassays, Assays of Detoxification Enzymes, and Field
Performance. J.Econ.Entomol. 93:7-13.
EcoReference No.: 58594
Chemical of Concern: CEX,FNF,PBP,TFT,MP,CBF,CPY,TBO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR.BCM.POP: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(MP,TBO,CBF,CEX),NO
MIXTURE(PBP).
Yu, S. J. (1988). Selectivity of Insecticides to the Spined Soldier Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and Its
Lepidopterous Prey. J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 119-122.
EcoReference No.: 68973
Chemical of Concern: DZ,MP,TCF,CPY,TW,MOM,OML,PPX,CBL,PMR,CYP,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR.ENV.ACC: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(CPY),OK(PMR),TARGET(DZ,TCF,TVP,MOM,OML,PPX,CBL,CYP,FNV).
Yu, S. J. and Nguyen, S. N. (1996). Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxication Enzyme Activities in Permethrin-
Selected Diamondback Moths. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 56: 69-77.
EcoReference No.: 103261
Chemical of Concern: TDC,CBF,MOM,CYP,TLM,FVL,BFT,TPMR,EFV,MTM,IMC,MP,ES,CPY,DZ;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: LITE EVAL
CODED(ES,CPY,CBF),TARGET(BFT,CYP,FNV,EFV,FVL,MP,MTM,DZ,MOM,TDC,IMC,TLM).
Yuan, J. and Chambers, H. W. (1998). Evaluation of the Role of Boll Weevil Aliesterases in Noncatalytic
Detoxication of Four Organophosphorus Insecticides. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 61: 135-143.
EcoReference No.: 64194
Chemical of Concern: MPO,MP,PRN,CPY,CPYM,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY,CPYM),OK(MPO),TARGET(MP),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
Zalizniak, L. and Nugegoda, D. (2006). Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos on Three Successive
Generations of Daphnia carinata. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 64: 207-214.
EcoReference No.: 107384
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,REP,POP,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Zhou, S. P., Duan, C. Q., Fu, H., Chen, Y. H., Wang, X. H., and Yu, Z. F. (2007). Toxicity Assessment for
Chlorpyrifos-Contaminated Soil with Three Different Earthworm Test Methods. J.Environ.Sci. 19: 854-
858.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 111694
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.GRO.REP.BEH: Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(CPY).
Zidan, Z. H., Abdel-Megeed, M. I., Watson, W. M., and Sobeiha, A. K. (1987). Ovicidal Activity of Certain Mineral
Oils, Organic Insecticides and Their Mixtures Against the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Appl.Entomol.Zool. 22: 241-247.
EcoReferenceNo.: 78162
Chemical of Concern: TDC,ALSV,MOM,PFF,CPY,CYP,FPP,FNV; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPY),TARGET(ALSV,MOM,FNV,TDC,PFF,FPP,CYP).
Acceptable for EcoTox but not OPP
Abbassy, M. A., El-Gougary, 0. A., El-Hamady, S., and Sholo, M. A. (1998). Insecticidal, Acaricidal and
Synergistic Effects of Soosan, Pancratium maritimum Extracts and Constituents. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol.
28: 197-205.
EcoReferenceNo.: 99671
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,PMR; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPYM,PMR).
Abo-El-Saad, M, Marzouk, M, and Shawir, M (1998). Molecular Interactions Correlated to Field Tolerance of
Spodoptera littoralis (Bosid) to Certain Insecticides. Alex.Sci.Exch.J. 19: 39-50.
EcoReference No.: 111055
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(MOM,CPY,CYP).
Agnihotri, N. P., Awasthi, M. D., and Jain, H. K. (1980). Residue Evaluation of Different Plant and Grain Protection
Schedules. Pesticides 14: 3-11.
EcoReference No.: 107314
Chemical of Concern:
HCCH,PRN,PPHD,PHSL,DDT,HPT,PYN,DS,PRT,CBF,CPY,FNT,MLN,ES,CBL,DMT,ADC,TVMP,DC
TP,TCF,OXD,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(DS,PRT,CBF,CPY,FNT,MLN,ES,CBL,DMT,ADC,TVMP,DCTP,TCF,OXD,DDW).
Al-Samariee, A. I., Shaker, K. A. M., and Al-Bassomy, M. A. (1988). Residue Levels of Three Organophosphorus
Insecticides in Sweet Pepper Grown in Commercial Greenhouses. Pestic.Sci. 22: 189-194.
EcoReferenceNo.: 107291
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(PIRM,DZ,CPY).
Apperson, C. S. and Georghiou, G. P. (1975). Mechanisms of Resistance to Organophosphorus Insecticides in Culex
tarsalis. J.Econ.Entomol. 68: 153-157.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92649
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PPB,MPO,MP,MLX,PRN,FNT,FNTH,CP YM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes:
BCM,MOR,ACC; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(MPO,MP,MLN,CPYM,MLX),NO CONTROL,NO
ENDPOINT(PPB,TBF).
Ashauer, R., Boxall, A. B. A., and Brown, C. D. (2007). Modeling Combined Effects of Pulsed Exposure to
Carbaryl and Chlorpyrifos on Gammarus pulex. Environ.Sci.Technol. 41: 5535-5541.
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EcoReference No.: 108317
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CBL,CPY).
Ashauer, R., Boxall, A. B. A., and Brown, C. D. (2007). Simulating Toxicity of Carbaryl to Gammarus pulex After
Sequential Pulsed Exposure. Environ.Sci.Technol. 41: 5528-5534.
EcoReference No.: 108316
Chemical of Concern: CBL,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,MOR; Rejection Code: NO
MODELING(CPY),NO ENDPOINT(CBL).
Asteraki, E. J., Hanks, C. B., and Clements, R. 0. (1992). The Impact of Two Insecticides on Predatory Ground
Beetles (Carabidae) in Newly-Sown Grass. Ann.Appl.Biol. 120:25-39.
EcoReference No.: 68970
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.REP; Rejection Code: NO
CONC(CPY).
Attia, F. I. (1977). Insecticide Resistance in Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in new South
Wales, Australia. J.Aust.Entomol.Soc. 16: 149-152.
EcoReference No.: 47177
Chemical of Concern:
DDT,EN,HCCH,DLD,DDW,MW,PRN,MP,CPY,Naled,CPYM,DZ,FNT,MLN,MOM,PMR,PTR,BRSM,
PYN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
Attia, F. I. and Frecker, T. (1984). Cross-Resistance Spectrum and Synergism Studies in Organophosphorus-
Resistant Strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Cucugidae) in Australia.
J.Econ.Entomol. 77: 1367-1370.
EcoReference No.: 71393
Chemical of Concern: DDT,DDVP,MLN,MPO,CPYM,CBL,BRSM,PYN,Pb,TBF; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
Bailey, J. A. and Kapusta, G. (1994). Soil Insecticide and Placement Influence Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance to
Nicosulfuron. WeedTechnol. 8: 598-606.
EcoReference No.: 63642
Chemical of Concern: TFT,CPY,PRT,CEX,NSF,TBO,FNF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,PHY,POP;
Rejection Code: OK(NSF),NO MIXTURE(TFT,CPY,PRT,TBO,FNF,CEX).
Bansal, N. and Roy, K. S. (1997). Histoenzymic Effects of Chlorpyrifos Toxicity on Rabbit Genitalia. Indian
J.Anim.Sci. 67: 125-127.
EcoReference No.: 108547
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
Barcelo, D., Sole, M., Durand, G., and Albaiges, J. (1991). Analysis and Behaviour of Organophosphorus Pesticides
in a Rice Crop Field. Fresenius J.Anal.Chem. 339: 676-683.
EcoReference No.: 107373
Chemical of Concern: FNT,TW,CPY,MLN,PSM,TCF,MP,MTM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(TVP,CPY,MLN,PSM,TCF,MP,FNT,MTM).
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Benezet, H. J., Huffman, B. B., and Helms, C. W. (1988). Comparative Toxicity of Selected Insecticides to the
Cigarette Beetle at Different Temperatures. Tob.Sci. 32: 41-43.
EcoReference No.: 72099
Chemical of Concern: FNV,CYP,PMR,PYN,DDVP,PIRM,CPY,RSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(FNV,CYP,PMR,DDVP,PIRM,CPY,RSM).
Bisset, J., Rodriguez, M, Soca, A., Pasteur, N, and Raymond, M. (1997). Cross-Resistance to Pyrethroid and
Organophosphorus Insecticides in the Southern House Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba.
J.Med.Entomol. 34: 244-246.
EcoReference No.: 106066
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,LCYT,CYP,DM,MLN,CPY,PPX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(PIRM,CYP,DM,MLN,CPY,PPX).
Biswas, A. K. (1989). Comparative Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Different Instars of Larvae of Jute Semilooper.
J.Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 14: 239-240.
EcoReference No.: 107304
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,CBL,PHSL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(ES,CPY,CBL,PHSL).
Bortolotti, L., Grazioso, E., Porrini, C., and Sbrenna, G. (2001). Effect of Pesticides on the Bumblebee Bombus
terrestrisL. in the Laboratory. Colloq.Inra.(Imt.Natl.Rech.Agron.) 98: 217-225.
EcoReference No.: 97440
Chemical of Concern: ACP,BFT,CPYM,ES,HTX,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(ACP,BFT,CPYM,HTX,MOM,ES).
Brown, M. W. and Glenn, D. M. (1999). Ground Cover Plants and Selective Insecticides as Pest Management Tools
in Apple Orchards. J.Econ.Entomol. 92: 899-905.
EcoReference No.: 106089
Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY,PAQT,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.POP: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(PAQT,MOM,CPY,AZ).
Bruwer, I. J. and Schoeman, A. S. (1988). Residual Toxicity of Four Citrus Insecticides in South Africa to the Scale
Predator Chilocorus nigritus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 81: 1178-1180.
EcoReference No.: 71168
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
Bustillo, P. A. E., Villalba, G. D., Orozco, H. J., Benavides, M. P., Reyes, A. I. C., and Chaves, C. B. ( 1995).
Integrated Pest Management to Control the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei, in Colombia.
Colloq.Sci.Int.Cafe, Apr.9-14, 1995, Vol. 1/2, Kyoto, Japan, Assoc.Sci.Int.Du Cafe Asic, Paris France 2:
671-6
EcoReference No.: 110491
Chemical of Concern: IZF,MLN,FNTH,ES,FNT,PIRM,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection
Code: TARGET(IZF,MLN,FNTH,ES,FNT,PIRM,DZ),NO COC(CPY).
Buznikov, G. A., Nikitina, L. A., Rakic, L. M., Milosevic, I., Bezuglov, V. V., Lauder, J. M., and Slotkin, T. A.
(2007). The Sea Urchin Embryo, an Invertebrate Model for Mammalian Developmental Neurotoxicity,
Reveals Multiple Neurotransmitter Mechanisms for Effects of Chlorpyrifos: Therapeutic Interventions and
a Comparison with the Monoamine Depleter, Reserpine . Brain Res.Bull. 74: 221-231.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 108509
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
Capodicasa, E., Scapellato, M. L., Moretto, A., Caroldi, S., and Lotti, M. (1991). Chlorpyrifos-Induced Delayed
Polyneuropathy. Arch.Toxicol. 65: 150-155.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108493
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
Carter, W. G., Tarhoni, M., Rathbone, A. J., and Ray, D. E. (2007). Differential Protein Adduction by Seven
Organophosphorus Pesticides in Both Brain and Thymus. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 26: 347-353.
EcoReferenceNo.: 104950
Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,MLO,PIRM,AZM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
NO IN VITRO(MLO,CPY,DZ),NO ENDPOINT(PIRM).
Chakraborti, S. (2007). Termite Management in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Plantation. Indian J.Agric.Sci.
77: 789-792.
EcoReferenceNo.: 104668
Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(ES,CPY).
Cheng, W. X., Dou, W., Chai, Y. X., and Wang, J. J. (2007). Comparison of Biochemical and Toxicological
Characterizations of Glutathione S-Transferases and Superoxide Dismutase Between Liposcelis
bostrychophila Badonnel and L. entomophila (Enderlein) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 89: 151-157.
EcoReferenceNo.: 107342
Chemical of Concern: DDVP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(DDVP,CPY).
Chong, C. S., Hoffmann, A. A., and Thomson, L. J. (2007). Commercial Agrochemical Applications in Vineyards
do not Influence Ant Communities. Environ.Entomol. 36: 1374-1383.
EcoReference No.: 111972
Chemical of Concern: CaPs,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
MIXTURE(CPY),NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CaPs).
Cisar, J. L. and Snyder, G. H. (1996). Mobility and Persistence of Pesticides Applied to a USGA Green. Ill:
Organophosphate Recovery in Clippings, Thatch, Soil, and Percolate. Crop Sci. 36: 1433-1438.
EcoReferenceNo.: 101572
Chemical of Concern: FMP,FNF,CPY,IZF,IZP,EP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(FMP,FNF,CPY,IZF,IZP,EP).
Clements, R. 0., Asteraki, E., and Jackson, C. A. (1988). A Method to Study the Effects of Chlorpyrifos on
Predatory Ground Beetles in Grassland. In: M.P.Greaves, B.D.Smith, and P. W.Greig-Smith (Eds.), Field
Methods for the Study of Environmental Effects of Pesticides, Proc.Symp., British Crop Protection Council,
Churchill College, March 28-30, 1988, Cambridge, UK, Field Methods for the Study of'167-174.
EcoReference No.: 48294
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
Collins, P. J. (1990). A new Resistance to Pyrethroids in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Pestic.Sci. 28: 101-115.
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EcoReference No.: 93114
Chemical of Concern:
FYT,DPTR,PMR,SMT,MTPN,MLN,CPYM,BRSM,CBL,CYF,PPB,TBF,CYP,FNV,FVL,CYH,DM,FNT,
CYT,PIRM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP: Rejection Code: NO MLXTURE(TBF,PPB),NO
CONTROL(PMR,SMT,MTPN,MLN,BRSM,CBL,CYF,CYP,FNV,FVL,DM,FNT,PIRM,CPYM).
Costa, L. G., McDonald, B. E., Murphy, S. D., Omenn, G. S., Richter, R. J., Motulsky, A. G., and Furlong, C. E.
(1990). Serum Paraoxonase and Its Influence on Paraoxon and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon Toxicity in Rats.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 103: 66-76.
EcoReference No.: 101893
Chemical of Concern: CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPYO).
Daglish, G. J. (1998). Efficacy of Six Grain Protectants Applied Alone or in Combination Against Three Species of
Coleoptera. J.StoredProd.Res. 34: 263-268.
EcoReference No.: 63788
Chemical of Concern: PRIM,CPYM,FNT,DM,PPB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(CPYM),NO ENDPOINT(PRIM,FNT,DM),NO MIXTURE(PPB).
Daglish, G. J., Eelkema, M., and Harrison, L. M. (1996). Control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) in Paddy Rice Using Chlorpyrifos-Methyl or Fenitrothion in Combination with Several
Other Protectants. J.Stored Prod.Res. 32: 247-253.
EcoReference No.: 69970
Chemical of Concern: DM,CPY,RSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,DM,RSM).
De Carvalho, R. F., Bromilow, R. H., and Greenwood, R. (2007). Uptake of Pesticides from Water by Curly
Waterweed Lagarosiphon major and Lesser Duckweed Lemna minor. PestManag.Sci. 63: 789-797.
EcoReference No.: 101206
Chemical of Concern: LNR,OML,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(LNR,CPY,OML).
Drew, J. (1978). Bark Beetles in Paraquat Treated Pines. In: Proc.LightwoodRes.Coord.Counc. 70-81.
EcoReference No.: 107904
Chemical of Concern: PSM,PAQT,HCCH,DDVP,CPY,FNT,VBN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
BEH,POP,MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(PAQT,FNT,VBN,DDVP,PSM,CPY).
El-Sebae, A. H., Soliman, S. A., Khalil, A., and El-Fiki, S. (1979). Comparative Selective Toxicity of Some
Insecticides to Insects and Mammals. In: Proc.Br.Crop Prot.Conf.- Pests andDis. 3: 731-736.
EcoReference No.: 101121
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PFF,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,PFF,MOM).
Elzen, G. W. (1996). Evaluation of Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Tolerance to Insecticides and
Response to IGR's. Southwest.Entomol. 21: 127-133.
EcoReference No.: 68418
Chemical of Concern: AMZ,TLM,MOM,ACP,BFT,CPY,SPS,PFF,TDC,FYC,DFZ; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
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ENDPOINT(CPY,DFZ),TARGET(AMZ,TLM,MOM,ACP,BFT,PFF,TDC,FYC).
Endo, S., Kazano, H., and Masuda, T. (1987). Insecticide Susceptibility of the Rice Leafroller Larvae,
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Appl.Entomol.Zool. 22: 145-152.
EcoReference No.: 63854
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,TVP,DZ,FNT,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL (TVP,DZ,ACP,FNT,CPYM).
Endo, S., Tsurumachi, M, and Tanaka, K. (1993). Changes in Insecticide Susceptibility of the Rice Leafroller,
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Collected in Kyushu, and Differences in
Susceptibility Between Japanese and Malaysian Colonies. Appl.Entomol.Zool. 28: 125-130.
EcoReference No.: 63871
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,TVP,DZ,FNT,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
Etheridge, P. and Phillips, F. T. (1976). Laboratory Evaluation of new Insecticides and Bait Matrices for the Control
of Leaf-Cutting Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bull.Entomol.Res. 66: 569-578.
EcoReference No.: 101618
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,AND,BDC,PMR,MRX,BMY,PPA,FMA,ADC,CPY,FNT,MOM,TPM;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(PPA,BMY,FMA),NO
CONC(ADC,CPY,FNT,MOM,TPM),OK(PIRM,AND,BDC,PMR,MRX).
Forrester, N. W., Gunning, R. V., and Singh, G. (1984). Insecticidal Control and Economic Damage of Sugar-Cane
Wireworm, Agrypnus variabilis (Candeze) in Maize. Crop Prot. 3: 253-259.
EcoReference No.: 101233
Chemical of Concern: TBO,CPY,BDC,HCCH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.ACC.POP: Rejection
Code: NO ENDPOINT(TBO,CPY).
Frampton, G. K. and Cilgi, T. (1994). Long-Term Effects of Pesticides on Carabidae in U.K. Farmland: Some
Initial Results from the "SCARAB" Project. In: Desender, K., et al.(Eds.), CarabidBeetles: Ecology and
Evolution, Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Netherlands 433-438.
EcoReference No.: 64419
Chemical of Concern: DM,CPY,ADC,PIM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,DM,ADC,PIM).
Fujioka, K. and Casida, J. E. (2007). Glutathione S-Transferase Conjugation of Organophosphorus Pesticides Yields
S-Phospho-, S-Aryl-, and S-Alkylglutathione Derivatives. Chem.Res.Toxicol. 20: 1211-1217.
EcoReference No.: 101014
Chemical of Concern: TBF,CPY,CPYO,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
COC(PFF),NO IN VITRO(CPY,CPYO,DZ),NO ENDPOINT(TBF).
Georghiou, G. P., Ariaratnam, V., Pasternak, M. E., and Lin, C. S. (1975). Organophosphorus Multiresistance in
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in California. J.Econ.Entomol. 68: 461-467.
EcoReference No.: 66610
Chemical of Concern:
HCCH,Naled,DZ,DDW,PPB,CPY,TMP,CPYM,PRN,FNTH,MP,FNT,PPX,CBF,DDT; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
Golding, C., Krassoi, R., and Baker, E. (2006). The Development and Application of a Marine Toxicity
-------
Identification Evaluation (TIE) Protocol for Use with an Australian Bivalve. Australas.J.Ecotoxicol. 12:
37-44.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108468
Chemical of Concern: Ni,Zn,Mg.Cu,DZ,CPY,NH,PPB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO: Rejection Code:
NO MLXTURE(Ni,An,Mg,Cu,DZ,CPY),NO ENDPOINT(NH,PPB).
Gupta, P. K., Rishi, S., Jain, S. K., and Dhillon, S. (2007). Evaluation of Prophylactic Potential of Withania
somnifera for Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Toxicol.Int. 14: 163-169.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109263; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH.PHY.BCM: Rejection Code: NO
COC(CPY).
Harold, J. A. and Ottea, J. A. (1997). Toxicological Significance of Enzyme Activities in Profenofos-Resistant
Tobacco Budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.). Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 58: 23-33.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100757
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code:
TARGET(PFF),NO IN VITRO(CPYO).
Hastings, F. L., Jones, A. S., and Franklin, C. K. (1981). Observations on Phytotoxicity. Gen.Tech.Rep.SE-21,
U.S.D.A., Southeast.For.Exp.Stn., Asheville, NC 21 p.
EcoReferenceNo.: 44231
Chemical of Concern: CPYM,CPY,FNT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.REP.MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(CPY,CPYM,FNT).
Hautier, L., Jansen, J. P., Mabon, N, and Schiffers, B. (2005). Selectivity Lists of Pesticides to Beneficial
Arthropods for IPM Programs in Carrot - First Results. Comm.Appl.Biol.Sci. 70: 547-557.
EcoReferenceNo.: 104765
Chemical of Concern:
DQT,CBF,CPY,DZ,DMT,DM,PIM,AZX,IPD,MYC,SFR,CMZ,GFSNH,GYP,LNR,PAQT,QZFE,FZFPB,T
EZ,TPL,SFR,CPP,DFC,LCYT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(MYC,DM,PIM,IPD),NO
ENDPOINT(PAQT,QZFE,GFSNH,GYP,CBF,CPY,AZX,LNR,FZFPB),OK(DZ,DMT,SFR,CMZ,TEZ,TP
L,CPP,DFC,LCYT),NO MIXTURE(DQT).
Heimbach, U. (1998). Testing Effects of Pesticides on Adult Carabid Beetles in Semi-Field and Field Experiments.
In: P.T.Haskell andP.McEwen (Eds.), Ecotoxicology: Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms, Chapman &
Hall, London 175-181.
EcoReferenceNo.: 68132
Chemical of Concern: PRN,LCYT,CPY,HCCH,CYH,IMC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,IMC).
Heimbach, U., Leonard, P., Khoshab, A., Miyakawa, R., and Abel, C. (1994). Assessment of Pesticide Safety to the
Carabid Beetle, Poecilus cupreus, Using Two Different Semifield Enclosures. In: M.H.Donker,
H.Eijasackers, and F .Heimbach (Eds.), Ecotoxicology of Soil Organisms, Chapter 20, SET AC
Spec.Publ.Ser., Lewis Publ, Boca Raton, FL 273-285.
EcoReferenceNo.: 50090
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
Hickman, M. V. (1989). An Update on IR-4 Pesticide Testing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in 1988 and
1989. J.Rio Grande Val.Hortic.Soc. 42:75-80.
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EcoReference No.: 107316
Chemical of Concern: BMY,CBX,IPD,FMP,CPY,FNF,FBOX,CMZ,FZF,PMT,TFR; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(BMY,CBX,IPD,FMP,CPY,FBOX,CMZ,TFR).
Hoy, M. A. and Cave, F. E. (1989). Parasite Tolerates Other Pesticides. Calif.Agric. 43: 24-26.
EcoRef erence No.: 103333
Chemical of Concern: AZ,MDT,ES,CPY,PHSL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,CONTROL(AZ,MDT,ES,CPY),NOCONTROL(PHSL).
Hoy, M. A., Cave, F. E., Beede, R. H., Grant, J., Krueger, W. H., Olson, W. H., Spollen, K. M., Barnett, W. W., and
Hendricks, L. C. (1990). Release, Dispersal, and Recovery of a Laboratory-Selected Strain of the Walnut
Aphid Parasite Trioxys pallidus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) Resistant to Azinphosmethyl.
J.Econ.Entomol. 83: 89-96.
EcoRef erence No.: 104410
Chemical of Concern: CPY,PHSL,MDT,AZ,PPG,EPH; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .MOR; Rejection
Code: OK(AZ),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MDT,PPG,EPH).
Hull, L. A. (1995). Apple, Tufted Apple Bud Moth Management Tactics, 1994. ArthropodManag.Tests 20: 20-24
(35A).
EcoRef erence No.: 98020
Chemical of Concern: MFZ,TUZ,CPY,CBL,HFZ,OML; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NOMIXTURE(CPY),OK(MFZ),TARGET(TUZ,CBL,HFZ,OML).
Hull, L. A. and Biddinger, D. J. (1994). Apple, Tufted Apple Bud Moth Control Tactics, 1993. Arthropod
Manag.Tests 19: 16-19 (11A).
EcoReferenceNo.: 98022
Chemical of Concern: CBL,PSM,FTT,TUZ,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NOMIXTURE(CPY),TARGET(CBL,PSM,MOM).
Jain, H. K., Pandey, S. Y., Agnihotri, N. P., and Srivastava, K. P. (1980). Residues of Insecticides in Rice Crop.
Indian J.Entomol. 42: 675-679.
EcoReferenceNo.: 103872
Chemical of Concern: PRT,DS,MLN,FNT,CPY,ES; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: AC C,POP; Rejection
Code: NO CONTROL(PRT,DS,MLN,FNT,CPY,ES).
Kharbade, S. B., Gondhali, B. V., Wayal, C. B., and Kate, R. N. (2007). Efficacy of new Insecticidal Poison Baits
Against Slugs Under Shade Net Condition. Pestology 31: 35-37.
EcoReference No.: 101123
Chemical of Concern: NMO,SS,CPY,PFF,ACT,TMX,IMC,EMMB,IDC,LCYT,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(NMO,CPY,PFF,IMC,ACP).
Kirkpatrick, R. L. and Gillenwater, H. B. (1979). Toxicity of Selected Dusts and Aerosols to Three Species of
Stored-Product Insects. J.Ga.Entomol.Soc. 14:334-339.
EcoReferenceNo.: 106859
Chemical of Concern: PFF,CBL,CPY,CPYM,CPMR,PMR,SMT,PIRM,FNV,NTZ; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
Konno, T. and Kajihara, 0. (1985). Synergism of Pirimicarb and Organophosphorus Insecticides Against the
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Resistant Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Appl.Entomol.2ool. 20:
403-410.
EcoReferenceNo.: 74137
Chemical of Concern:
CPYM,FNT,MP,FNTH,DZ,CPY,PRN,MLN,PSM,MDT,DDW,TW,CBL,BDC,PIRM,PIM,MOM;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,CPYM,FNT,MP,FNTH,DZ,TW,MLN,PSM,MDT,DDVP,CBL,PIRM,PIM,MOM).
Kurtak, D., Meyer, R., Ocran, M, Ouedraogo, M., Renaud, P., Sawadogo, R. 0., and Tele, B. (1987). Management
of Insecticide Resistance in Control of the Simulium damnosum Complex by the Onchocerciasis Control
Programme, West Africa: Potential Use of Negative Correlation Between Organophosphate Resistance and
Pyrethroid Susceptibility. Med.Vet.Entomol. 1: 137-146.
EcoReference No.: 101217
Chemical of Concern:
TMP,AZM,CPYM,DDW,FNTH,PIRM,PTP,TBS,TBX,TVP,TCF,CBL,PPX,DDT,MXC,CYP,DM,PMR,D
EF,PPB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS),NO
MIXTURE(PPB).
Kuwahara, M. (1988). Resistance of the Bulb Mite, Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede, to Organophosphorus
Insecticides. JpnAgric.Res.Q. 22: 96-100.
EcoReference No.: 63742
Chemical of Concern:
Naled,DDW,ACP,PHSL,AZ,PSM,DMT,CPY,CPYM,MP,FNTH,FNT,DS,DZ,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(Naled,ACP,AZ,PSM,DMT,CPY,PYM,MP,DS,DZ,MLN,DDW,MP,MLN).
Lammler, G. and Gruner, D. (1975). Chemotherapeutic Studies on Litomosoides carinii Infection of Mastomys
natalensis. 6. The Filaricidal Activity of Organophosphorus Compounds. Tropenmed.Parasitol. 26: 359-
369.
EcoReferenceNo.: 104001
Chemical of Concern: PSM,CMPH,FNTH,TCF,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code:
NOENDPOINT(CMPH,TCF,CPY,PSM,CPY).
Lee, S. E. and Lees, E. M. (2001). Biochemical Mechanisms of Resistance in Strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis
(Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Resistant to Malathion and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl. J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 706-713.
EcoReference No.: 63704
Chemical of Concern: FNT,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.MOR: Rejection Code: NO
COC(CPY),TARGET(FNT,MLN).
Leeper, J. R. and Raffa, K. F. (1986). Baseline Data for Evaluating Resistance Development: Dosage/Mortality
Studies Using Two Test Methods with Chlorpyrifos, Methomyl and Permethrin in Heliothis virescens (F.)
and Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Trap PestManag. 32: 137-145.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108619
Chemical of Concern: MOM,PMR,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,MOM).
Lesser, J., Blodgett, D., and Ehrich, M. (2000). Comparison of Oxime-Initiated Reactivation of Organophosphorous-
Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase in Brains of Avian Embryos. J. Toxicol.Environ.Health A 59: 57-66.
EcoReferenceNo.: 103335
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Chemical of Concern: CPY,TCF,ACP,PRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(TCF,CPY),OK(ACP,PRN).
Lo, P. L. (2004). Toxicity of Pesticides to Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the Effect of Three
Fungicides on Their Densities in a Citrus Orchard. N.Z.J.Crop Hortic.Sci. 32: 69-76.
EcoReferenceNo.: 78126
Chemical of Concern: BPZ,DZ,CPY,ALSV,PMR,CuOH,CuS,CTN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR.POP; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,PMR),TARGET(DZ,ALSV),MLXTURE(CuS,CuOH),OK(CTN).
Lowe, E. R., Poet, T. S., Rick, D. L., Marty, M. S., Mattsson, J. L., Timchalk, C., and Bartels, M. J. (2009). The
Effect of Plasma Lipids on the Pharmacokinetics of Chlorpyrifos and the Impact on Interpretation of Blood
Biomonitoring Data. Toxicol.Sci. 108:258-272.
EcoReference No.: 111383
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO IN VITRO(CPY).
Ma, W. C. and Bodt, J. (1993). Difference in Toxicity of the Insecticide Chlorpyriphos to Six Species of
Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in Standardized Soil Tests. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 50:
864-870 (OECDG Data File).
EcoReferenceNo.: 51735
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.REP.GRO; Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY).
Marty, M. S., Domoradzki, J. Y., Hansen, S. C., Timchalk, C., Bartels, M. J., and Mattsson, J. L. (2007). The Effect
of Route, Vehicle, and Divided Doses on the Pharmacokinetics of Chlorpyrifos and Its Metabolite
Trichloropyridinol in Neonatal Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol.Sci. 100: 360-373.
EcoReferenceNo.: 107567
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO
CONTROL(CPY).
Mascarenhas, V. J. and Griffin, J. L. (1997). Weed Control Interactions Associated with Roundup and Insecticide
Mixtures. Proc.Beltwide Cotton Conf. 1: 799-801.
EcoReference No.: 101515
Chemical of Concern: GYPI,DCTP,LCYT,CPY,MOM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(DCTP,CPY,MOM),TARGET(GYPI).
McAbee, R. D., Kang, K. D., Stanich, M. A., Christiansen, J. A., Wheelock, C. E., Inman, A. D., Hammock, B. D.,
and Cornel, A. J. (2004). Pyrethroid Tolerance in Culex pipiens pipiens var molestus from Marin County,
California. PestManag.Sci. 60: 359-368.
EcoReferenceNo.: 103374
Chemical of Concern: TBF,PBO,LCYT,MLN,Naled,FNTH,RSM,DM,PPB,DDT,PMR,CPY; Habitat: AT;
Effect Codes: MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(TBF),OK(DDT,PPB),NO
ENDPOINT(MLN,Naled,FNTH,RSM,DM,PMR,CPY).
McLaughlin, J. Jr., Marliac, J. P., Verrett, M. J., Mutchler, M. K., and Fitzhugh, 0. G. (1964). Toxicity of Fourteen
Volatile Chemicals as Measured by the Chick Embryo Method. Am.Ind.Hyg.Assoc.J. 25: 282-284.
EcoReferenceNo.: 109690
Chemical of Concern: AMYOH,BNZ,BUA,CTC,ETHN,MOL,IPA,TOL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
MOR; Rejection Code: NO COC(CPY),OK(AMYOH,BUA,ETHN,MOL).
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McPherson, R. M. and Lambert, A. L. (1994). Control of Hornworms in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1993.
ArthropodManag.Tests 19: 283-284 (146F).
EcoReferenceNo.: 101869
Chemical of Concern: MVP,LCYT,ACP,FMP,CPY,MLX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: NO CONC(MLX,FMP,CPY),EFFICACY(ACP,MVP).
Miota, F., Scharf, M. E., Ono, M., Marcon, P., Meinke, L. J., Wright, R. J., Chandler, L. D., and Siegfried, B. D.
(1998). Mechanisms of Methyl and Ethyl Parathion Resistance in the Western Corn Rootworm
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 61: 39-52.
EcoReference No.: 62880
Chemical of Concern: EPRN,PRN,CPY,FPN,DMT,CBL,PPB,BFT,CBF,MP,TBF,MPO; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: ACC.MOR.BCM: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY),OK(MPO),TARGET(FPN,DMT,CBL,BFT,CBF,MP),NOMIXTURE(TBF,PPB).
Mizutani, K. (1991). Basic Studies of Vector Control of Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. 1. Flowing Behaviour of
Larvicides in Minute Streamlets. Dokkyo J.Med.Sci. 18:95-109.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100402
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPYM,FNT,DDVP,PTR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
Mizutani, K. (1991). Basic Studies of Vector Control of Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. 2. Susceptibility Level of
Blackfly Larvae to Insecticides. Dokkyo J.Med.Sci. 18: 111-116.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100403
Chemical of Concern: TMP,CPYM,DDT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TMP,CPYM).
Moustafa, F. I. and Georghiou, G. P. (1989). Extension of Resistance to Adults as a Result of Selection in Mosquito
Larvae with Temephos, and the Cross-Resistance to Other Organophosphorus Insecticides. Int.Pest
Control 31: 61-65.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100395
Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNTH,CPYM,TMP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,CPYM,TMP).
Murthy, M. M. K., Rao, D. V. S., and Ramasubbaiah, K. (1989). Efficacy of Carbofuran and Certain Other Granular
Insecticides Against Insect Pests of Rice. Indian J.Entomol. 51: 200-204.
EcoReference No.: 75295
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBO,CBF,FNTH,FNT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP .PHY: Rejection
Code: NO MIXTURE(CPY),EFFICACY(TBO,CBF,FNT,FNTH).
Navarro, S., Oliva, J., Navarro, G., and Barba, A. (2001). Dissipation of Chlorpyrifos, Fenarimol, Mancozeb,
Metalaxyl, Penconazole, and Vinclozolin in Grapes. Am.J.Enol.Viticult. 52: 35-40.
EcoReferenceNo.: 111053
Chemical of Concern: MLX,FRM,VCZ,CPY,MZB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(MLX,FRM,VCZ,CPY,MZB).
Nethercott, J. R., Maraghi, E. R., and Andrews, D. (1984). An Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Acute
Irritancy Potential of Topically Applied Chemicals in the Rabbit and Man. Occup.Health Chem.Ind.,
Proc.Int.Congr., llth 427-435.
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EcoReferenceNo.: 94491
Chemical of Concern: ETHN,DEET,NALS,FML,TEAM,PPGL,Naled,DBAC,BZO,SCA,CPYM; Habitat:
T; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NOENDPOINT(Naled,DBAC,BZO,SCA,CPYM).
Nomura, D. K., Durkin, K. A., Chiang, K. P., Quistad, G. B., Cravatt, B. F., and Casida, J. E. (2006). Serine
Hydrolase KIAA1363: Toxicological and Structural Features with Emphasis on Organophosphate
Interactions. Chem.Res.Toxicol. 19: 1142-1150.
EcoReferenceNo.: 100997
Chemical of Concern: CPYO,PFF,DDVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM.PHY.MOR: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
Getting, R. D., Morishita, F. S., Helmkamp, A. L., and Bowen, W. R. (1980). Phytotoxicity of Eight Insecticides to
Some Nursery-Grown Ornamentals. J.Econ.Entomol. 73: 29-31.
EcoReferenceNo.: 26106
Chemical of Concern: ACP,ADC,CPY,FNV,MDT,MOM,OML,PIM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).
Ogueji, 0. E. (2008). Comparative Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl (Organophosphate) and lambda-
Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) to the African Catfish (C. gariepinus) Using Some Biochemical Parameters.
GlobalJ.PureAppl.Sci. 14: 263-269.
; Habitat: A; Rejection Code: NO COC (CPY).
Pasquini, R., Scassellati-Sforzolini, G., Dolara, P., Pampanella, L., Villarini, M, Caderni, G., Fazi, M, and Fatigoni,
C. (1994). Assay of Linuron and a Pesticide Mixture Commonly Found in the Italian Diet, for Promoting
Activity in Rat Liver Carcinogenesis. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 75: 170-176.
EcoReferenceNo.: 104817
Chemical of Concern: LNR,MP,CPY,CTN,FRM,BMY,MDT,DPA,CPP,PRN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes:
GRO,MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(BMY,CTN,FRM,MDT,CPY,MP,LNR).
Picco, E. J., Rubio, M. R., David, D. C. D., Rodriguez, C., and Boggio, J. C. (2008). Pharmacokinetics and
Pharmacodynamics of Chlorpyrifos in Male and Female Cattle After Topical Administration.
Vet.Res.Commun. 32: 401-410.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108301
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
Pitre, H. N. (1988). Relationship of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Florida, Honduras, Jamaica,
and Mississippi: Susceptibility to Insecticides with Reference to Migration. Fla.Entomol. 71: 56-61.
EcoReference No.: 73699
Chemical of Concern: CBL,PMR,MOM,CPY,MP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,CBL,MOM,PMR,MP).
Power, K. T., Niemczyk, H. D., Rice, V. K., Belcher, M. G., and Shetlar, D. J. (1992). Control of Ant Mounds on a
Golf Course Fairway, 1991. Imectic.Acaric.Tests 17: 328 (26G).
EcoReferenceNo.: 100995
Chemical of Concern: FYC,CBL,ACP,DFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE
EVAL CODED(ACP,DFZ),OK(CBL,FYC),NO COC(AZD,CPY).
Pradhan, S., Jotwani, M. G., and Rai, B. K. (1958). Bioassay of Insecticides VIII. Relative Toxicity of Some
Insecticides to Red Pumpkin Beetle, Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Indian
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J.Entomol. 20: 104-107.
EcoReferenceNo.: 59615
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,DLD,EN,PRN,DZ,AND,CHD,TXP,DDT,MLN,NCTN; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO COC(CPY),OK(MLN).
Free, D. J., Whitty, K. J., Bittner, L. A., and Pogoda, M. K. (2002). Mechanisms of Resistance to Organophosphorus
Insecticides in Populations of the Obliquebanded Leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae) from Southern Ontario. PestManag.Sci. 59: 79-84.
EcoReferenceNo.: 74170
Chemical of Concern: IDC,MFZ,TUZ,AZ,TBF,PPB,MOM,Naled,CPY,CBL,CYP; Habitat: T; Effect
Codes: MOR.BCM.ACC: Rejection Code: NO
DURATION(CPY,AZ,Naled,CBL,MOM,CYP),OK(MFZ),TARGET(TUZ),NOMIXTURE(PPB,TBF).
Quistad, G. B., Klintenberg, R., Caboni, P., Liang, S. N, and Casida, J. E. (2006). Monoacylglycerol Lipase
Inhibition by Organophosphorus Compounds Leads to Elevation of Brain 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and the
Associated Hypomotility in Mice. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 211: 78-83.
EcoReferenceNo.: 93529
Chemical of Concern: CPY,TBF,CPYO,PRN,DDVP,DZ,PFF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,BCM;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPYO,DDVP),NO ENDPOINT(CPY,TBF,PFF),OK(DZ).
Ranasinghe, L. E. and Georghiou, G. P. (1979). Comparative Modification of Insecticide-Resistance Spectrum of
Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. by Selection with Temephos and Temephos/Synergist Combinations.
Pestic.Sci. 10: 502-508.
EcoReferenceNo.: 92984
Chemical of Concern: FNTH,FNT,CP YM,CPY,MLN,CBF,PPB,TMP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(FNTH,FNT,CPYM,CPY,MLN,CBF,PPB,TMP).
Reuveny, H. and Cohen, E. (2004). Resistance of the Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep., Tortricidae) to
Pesticides in Israel. JAppLEntomol. 128:645-651.
EcoReferenceNo.: 82561
Chemical of Concern: CPY,NVL,MP,MFZ,DFZ,FYC,PYX,AZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,MFZ),TARGET(MP,DFZ,FYC,AZ).
Rodriguez, E., Campos, M., Raya, A. J. S., and Pena, A. (2003). Effect of the Combined Treatment of Insecticides
and an Attractant for the Control of Phloeotribus scarabaeoides, a Pest of Olea europea. Pest Manag.Sci.
59: 339-346.
EcoReference No.: 69897
Chemical of Concern: FNT,CYP,DM,MDT,DMT,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,REP;
Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(CYP,CPY,FNT),TARGET(DMT,DM,MDT).
Roegge, C. S., Timofeeva, 0. A., Seidler, F. J., Slotkin, T. A., and Levin, E. D. (2008). Developmental Diazinon
Neurotoxicity in Rats: Later Effects on Emotional Response. Brain Res.Bull. 75: 166-172.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108324
Chemical of Concern: DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO.BEH: Rejection Code: OK(DZ),NO
COC(CPY).
Salinas, K. A., Hemmer, M. J., Harris, P. S., and Walker, C. C. (2008). A Simple and Rapid Matrix-Assisted Laser
Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Method to Screen Fish Plasma Samples for
Estrogen-Responsive Biomarkers. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 27: 1175-1183.
-------
EcoReferenceNo.: 109693
Chemical of Concern: CPY,ES,MXC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,ACC,BCM; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,ES).
Sanders, H. 0. (1969). Toxicity of Pesticides to the Crustacean Gammarus lacustris. Tech.Pap.No.25, U.S.D.I.,
Bur.Sports Fish. Wildl., Fish Wildl.Serv., Washington, DC 18 p. (Author Communication Used) (Used with
Reference 732) (Publ in Part As 6797).
EcoReferenceNo.: 885
Chemical of Concern:
SZ,EDT,24DXY,AZ,CBL,CMPH,CPY,DBN,DDW,DMB,DMT,DS,DU,DZ,HCCH,MLN,MLT,Naled,PA
QT,PRT,TFN,RTN,NaN3,ATN,OXD,Captan,TBF,PPG,TMP,DCTP,ES,TCF,PQT,PPX; Habitat: A;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(CBL,AZ,DZ,MLT,SZ,DMT,RTN,NaN3,DMB,PRT,ATN),NO
CONTROL(PPG,DS,24DXY,CPY,MLN,Naled,OXD,Captan,TBF,CMPH,TMP,DCTP,DU,DDVP,ES,TCF
,PQT,TFN,PPX).
Scheil, V. and Kohler, H. R. (2009). Influence of Nickel Chloride, Chlorpyrifos, and Imidacloprid in Combination
with Different Temperatures on the Embryogenesis of the Zebrafish Danio rerio.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 56: 238-243.
EcoReferenceNo.: 111790
Chemical of Concern: NiCl,CPY,IMC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY,IMC).
Semtner, P. J. and Wilkinson III, W. B. (1993). Tobacco Insect Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1992.
Insectic.Acaric.Tests 18 : 288-290 (132F).
EcoReference No.: 107312
Chemical of Concern: CPY,EP,CBF,IMC,FMP,ADC,ACP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection
Code: TARGET(CBF,IMC,FMP,ADC,ACP),NO MIXTURE(EP,CPY).
Sharma, I. D. and Nath, A. (2005). Persistence of Different Pesticides in Apple. ActaHortic. 696: 437-440.
User 1 Abbreviation: www.sciencedirect.com
EcoReferenceNo.: 107785
Chemical of Concern: MYC,PRN,MLN,FZQ,ES,CPY,MP,HCCH,DDVP,CBD,MZB,DOD,BTN,MP;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MLN,FZQ,ES,MP,DDVP,CBD,MZB,DOD,MYC,CPY).
Sheldrick, R. D., Lavender, R. H., and Martyn, T. M. (1993). Management Options for Increasing White Clover
Contents of Swards, Without Resowing. Grass Forage Sci. 48: 223-230.
EcoReferenceNo.: 105904
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBF,PZM,MCB; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.GRO: Rejection Code:
OK(CBF),NOMIXTURE(CPY,MCB),TARGET(PZM).
Sheweita, S. A. (2004). Carcinogen-Metabolizing Enzymes and Insecticides. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 39: SOS-
SIS.
EcoReference No.: 105158
Chemical of Concern: DDVP,FNT,CPY,CHD,MXC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(DDVP,FNT,CPY).
Shirke, M. S. and Salunkhe, G. N. (1996). Relative Residual Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Cryptolaemus
-------
montrouzieri Muls. a Predator of Mealy Bugs. J.Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 21: 370-371.
EcoReference No.: 111369
Chemical of Concern: FNV,MLN,DM,ES,DDVP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(MLN,DM,ES,DDVP,CPY).
Smagghe, G. and Degheele, D. (1997). Comparative Toxicity and Tolerance for the Ecdysteroid Mimic
Tebufenozide in a Laboratory and Field Strain of Cotton Leafworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 90: 278-282.
EcoReference No.: 66743
Chemical of Concern: TUZ,CPY,MOM,CYP,MDT,DM,CBL,DFZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR;
Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DM,CBL,TUZ),NO CONTROL(CPY,MOM,CYP,MDT,DFZ).
Sorenson, C. E., Schreiber, A., Townsend, H. G. Jr., Abd-Elghafar, S. F., Fairchild, M. L., and Knowles, C. 0.
(1998). Monitoring Pyrethroid Resistance in Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths in Missouri, 1988
to 1994. J.Entomol.Sci. 33: 300-312.
EcoReference No.: 64472
Chemical of Concern: CYP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: TARGET(CYP),NO
COC(CPY).
Sun, F. and Chen, H. S. (2008). Monitoring of Pesiticide Chlorpyrifos Residue in Farmed Fish: Investigation of
Possible Sources . Chemosphere 11: 1866-1869.
EcoReference No.: 101582
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY).
Talekar, N. S., Sun, L. T., Lee, E. M., Chen, J. S., Lee, T. M., and Lu, S. (1977). Residual Behavior of Several
Insecticides on Chinese Cabbage. J.Econ.Entomol. 70: 689-692.
EcoReference No.: 93840
Chemical of Concern: MDT,DZ,CBF,CPYM,FNT,MLO,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC;
Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
Tarhoni, M. H., Lister, T., Ray, D. E., and Carter, W. G. (2008). Albumin Binding as a Potential Biomarker of
Exposure to Moderately Low Levels of Organophosphorus Pesticides. Biomarkers 13: 343-363.
EcoReference No.: 108901
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,DZ,AZM,MLN,CPYO; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code:
NO IN VITRO(CPYO),OK(PIRM,DZ,MLN).
Tian, Y., Shen, L., Gao, Y., Yamauchi, T., Shen, X. M., and Ma, N. (2007). Comparison of 4', 6'-Diamidino-2-
Phenylindole and Giemsa Stainings in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos Micronucleus Assay Including a
Triple Dose Study. Ind.Health 45: 343-347 .
EcoReference No.: 108302
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
Tichy, M., Rucki, M., Hanzlikova, L, and Roth, Z. (2007). The Tubifex tubifex Assay for the Determination of
Acute Toxicity. Atla 35: 229-237.
EcoReference No.: 101625
Chemical of Concern: ZnN,CdN,PbN,NiCl,MnCl,AN,DCA,PL,24DC,BNZ,NBZ,IMC,TAP,CPY,DZ;
Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(ZnN,CdN,PbN,NiCl,MnCl,AN,DCA,PL,24DC,BNZ,NBZ,IMC,TAP,CPY,DZ).
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Townsend, L. R. and Specht, H. B. (1975). Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Soils and
Uptake by Tobacco Plants. Can.J.Plant Sci. 55: 835-842 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 105625
Chemical of Concern: MDT,CPY,HPT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(MDT,CPY).
Trimble, R. M, Free, D. J., Barszcz, E. S., and Carter, N. J. (2004). Comparison of a Sprayable Pheromone
Formulation and Two Hand-Applied Pheromone Dispensers for use in the Integrated Control of Oriental
Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 97: 482-489.
EcoReferenceNo.: 88284
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,DM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.BEH.REP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,CYP,DM).
Trimble, R. M., Free, D. J., and Carter, N. J. (2001). Integrated Control of Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae) in Peach Orchards Using Insecticide and Mating Disruption. J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 476-485.
EcoReferenceNo.: 59700
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,PIM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.BEH.REP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(CPY,CYP,PIM).
Vernon, R. S., Van Herk, W., Tolman, J., Saavedra, H. 0., Clodius, M., and Gage, B. (2008). Transitional Sublethal
and Lethal Effects of Insecticides After Dermal Exposures to Five Economic Species of Wireworms
(Coleoptera: Elateridae). J.Econ.Entomol. 101:365-374.
EcoReferenceNo.: 108455
Chemical of Concern: CTD,IMC,CPY,FPN,TFT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BEH: Rejection Code:
NO ENDPOINT(CPY).
Walker, C. C., Salinas, K. A., Harris, P. S., Wilkinson, S. S., Watts, J. D., and Hemmer, M. J. (2007). A Proteomic
(SELDI-TOF-MS) Approach to Estrogen Agonist Screening. Toxicol.Sci. 95: 74-81.
EcoReferenceNo.: 103242
Chemical of Concern: ES,TEG,MXC,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(ES,CPY).
Walker, G. P., O'Connell, N., and Aitken, D. C. G. (1987). Timing Lorsban Applications for California Red Scale
Control, 1985. Insectic.Acaric.Tests 12: 89-90 (90).
EcoReferenceNo.: 88645
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(CPY).
Webb, D. R., Hessney, M. L., and Eckenrode, C. J. (1995). Onion Maggot Control with Seed Furrow Treatments,
1994. ArthropodManag.Tests 20: 99-100 (52E).
EcoReferenceNo.: 106265
Chemical of Concern: TCP,IZP,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TCP,IZP,CPY).
Wheelock, C. E., Miller, J. L., Miller, M. J., Phillips, B. M., Huntley, S. A., Gee, S. J., Tjeerdema, R. S., and
Hammock, B. D. (2006). Use of Carboxylesterase Activity to Remove Pyrethroid-Associated Toxicity to
Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca in Toxicity Identification Evaluations. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 25:
973-984 .
EcoReferenceNo.: 99604
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Chemical of Concern: PMR,BFT,CPYO; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: LITEEVAL
CODED(PMR),OK(BFT),NOCONTROL(CPYO).
Whitney, W. K. (1967). Laboratory Tests with Dursban and Other Insecticides in Soil. J.Econ.Entomol. 60: 68-74.
EcoReference No.: 69734
Chemical of Concern:
CBL,EN,DLD,AND,DDT,ABT,PPX,PCTP,DEM,DS,PRT,DMT,MLN,ETN,MP,PRN,FNTH,DZ,AZ;
Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP.MOR: Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPY,PRT),TARGET(PPX).
Whitten, C. J. and Bull, D. L. (1974). Comparative Toxicity, Absorption, and Metabolism of Chlorpyrifos and Its
Dimethyl Homologue in Methyl Parathion-Resistant and -Susceptible Tobacco Budworms.
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 4: 266-274.
EcoReference No.: 62746
Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.PHY: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(CPY,CPYM).
Widenfalk, A., Lundqvist, A., and Goedkoop, W. (2008). Sediment Microbes and Biofilms Increase the
Bioavailability of Chlorpyrifos in Chironomus riparius (Chironomidae, Diptera). Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.
71:490-497.
EcoReference No.: 109043
Chemical of Concern: CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC.BEH: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY).
Wiktelius, S., Chiverton, P. A., Meguenni, H., Bennaceur, M., Ghezal, F., Umeh, E. D. N, Egwuatu, R. L, Minja,
E., Makusi, R., Tukahirwa, E., Tinzaara, W., and Deedat, Y. (1999). Effects of Insecticides on Non-Target
Organisms in African Agroecosystems: A Case for Establishing Regional Testing Programs.
Agric.Ecosyst.Environ. 75: 121-131.
User 1 Abbreviation: (ScienceDirect 1995-Present)
EcoReference No.: 72652
Chemical of Concern: HCCH,ES,DM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY.POP: Rejection Code: NO
ENDPOINT(CPY),TARGET(DM),OK(ES,HCCH).
Yebakima, A., Marquine, M., Rosine, J., Yp-Tcha, M. M., and Pasteur, N. (2004). Evolution of Resistance Under
Insecticide Selection Pressure in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae) from Martinique.
J.Med.Entomol. 41: 718-725 .
EcoReference No.: 101010
Chemical of Concern: PMR,PPX,TMP,CPY; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(PMR,TMP,CPY,PPX).
Yu, S. J. (1991). Insecticide Resistance in the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith).
Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 39: 84-91.
EcoReference No.: 73599
Chemical of Concern:
TLM,MLN,MOM,FNV,PMR,CYP,CYT,BFT,TMT,FVL,DZ,CPY,MP,CBL,TDC,DDVP,SPS; Habitat: T;
Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(TLM,MLN,MOM,FNV,PMR,CYP,CYT,BFT,TMT,FVL,DZ,CPY,MP,TDC,DDW,SPS),TA
RGET(CBL).
Yuan, J. and Chambers, H. W. (1996). Toxicology and Biochemistry of Two Aliesterase Inhibitors as Synergists of
Four Organophosphorus Insecticides in Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
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Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 54: 210-219.
EcoReference No.: 66680
Chemical of Concern: PRN,MP,CPY,CPYM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR.BCM: Rejection Code:
NO CONTROL(PRN,MP,CPY,CPYM).
Zdarkova, E. (1994). The Effectiveness of Organophosphate Acaricides on Stored Product Mites Interacting in
Biological Control. Exp.Appl.Acarol. 18:747-751.
EcoReference No.: 64202
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,CPYM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
Zdarkova, E. (1997). The Susceptibility of Different Strains of Cheyletus eruditus (Acarina: Cheyletidae) to
Organophosphate Acaricides. ExpAppLAcarol. 21: 259-264 .
EcoReference No.: 64201
Chemical of Concern: PIRM,CPYM,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR: Rejection Code: NO
CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).
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Appendix G. List of citations rejected by ECOTOX criteria
The citations in this appendix were considered for inclusion in ECOTOX. Citations include the
ECOTOX Reference number, as well as rejection codes (if relevant). The query was run in October,
1999 and revised March and June, 2000. References in this appendix not included in the ECOTOX
database, because they did not meet some or all of the following minimum criteria:
• toxic effects were not related to single chemical exposure;
• toxic effects were not for an aquatic or terrestrial plant or animal species;
• biological effects were not on live, whole organisms;
• concurrent environmental chemical concentrations/doses or application rates were not
reported; or
• duration of exposure was not explicit.
Aside from these criteria, other practical considerations also caused some papers to be excluded
from the database, such as not being written in English.
1992. Air contaminants. Fed. Regist. 57: 26002-601, 12 Jun 1992.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Abdel-Halim, K. Y., Salama, A. K., El-khateeb, E. N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006). Organophosphorus pollutants
(OPP) in aquatic environment at Damietta Governorate, Egypt: Implications for monitoring and
biomarker responses. Chemosphere 63: 1491-1498.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Abdullah, A. R., Bajet, C. M., Matin, M. A., Nhan, D. D. , and Sulaiman, A. H. (1997). Ecotoxicology Of
Pesticides In The Tropical Paddy Field Ecosystem. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 16:
59-70.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Abou-Arab, A. A. K. and Abou Donia, M. A. (2001). Pesticide residues in some Egyptian spices and medicinal
plants as affected by processing. Food Chemistry 72: 439-445.
Rejection Code: FOOD.
Abou-Donia, M. B. (1995). Organophosphorus Pesticides. Chang, L. W. AndR. S. Dyer (Ed). Neurological
Disease And Therapy, Vol. 36. Handbook OfNeurotoxicology. Xxi+1103p. Marcel Dekker, Inc.:
New York, New York, Usa Basel, Switzerland. Isbn 0-8247-8873-7.; 0: 419-473.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Abou-Donia, M. B. and Garrettson, L. K. (2000). Detection Of Neurofilament Autoantibodies In Human Serum
Following Chemically Induced Neurologic Disorder: A Case Report. Environmental Epidemiology
And Toxicology 2: 37-41.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Abou-Donia, S. A., Abdel-Shahaid, Y., Shaker, N., Salam, A., and Ismail, A. (1985). Fate Of 4 Pesticides In
Egyptian Domiati Cheese Karish Cheese And Fermented Milk Zabady. 80th Annual Meeting Of The
American Dairy Science Association, Urbana-Champaign, III., Usa, June 9-12, 1985. JDairy Sci
68: 99.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
-------
Accinelli, C., Sacca(acute), M. L., Accinelli, G., andMaini, S. (2008). Occurrence of Bacillus Thuringiensis
Harboring Insecticidal Cryl Genes in a Corn Field in Northern Italy. Agronomy for Sustainable
Development, 28 (4) pp. 473-480, 2008.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Adesodun, J. K., Davidson, D. A., and Hopkins, D. W. (2005). Micromorphological evidence for changes in soil
faunal activity following application of sewage sludge and biocide. Applied Soil Ecology 29: 39-45.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Afridi, Irshad A. K., Parveen, Zahida, and Masud, S. Zafar (2001). Stability of organophosphate and pyrethroid
pesticides on wheat in storage. Journal of Stored Products Research 37: 199-204.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Agarwala, S. , Chen, W., and Cook, T. J. (2004). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Efflux Transporter Gene Expression
and Function in Caco-2 Cells. Toxicology in Vitro 18: 403-409.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ahmad, Mushtaq ( Observed potentiation between pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides for the
management of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Ahmad, N, Bugueno, G., Guo, L., and Marolt, R. (1999). Determination Of Organochlorine And
Organophosphate Pesticide Residues In Fruits, Vegetables And Sediments. Journal Of
Environmental Science And Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants And Agricultural Wastes
34; 829-848.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ahmed, N. A. (1996). Chemical Pollutants And The Central Nervous System Neurotransmitters Special
Reference To Pesticides. Shiraki, K., S. SagawaAndM. K. Yousef'(Ed.). Progress In
Biometeorology, Vol. 11. Physiological Basis Of Occupational Health: Stressful Environments
International Symposium, Kitakyshu, Japan, October 18-20, 1995. Xii+278p. Spb Academic
Publishing Bv: Amsterdam, Netherlands. Isbn 90-5103-127-0.; 11: 205-217.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ajeigbe, H. A. and Singh, B. B. (2006). Integrated Pest Management in Cowpea: Effect of Time and Frequency
of Insecticide Application on Productivity. Crop Prot. 25: 920-925.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Akgur, S. A., Ozturk, P., Sozmen, E. Y., Delen, Y., Tanyalcin, T., and Ege, B. (1999). Paraoxonase and
acetylcholinesterase activities in humans exposed to organophosphorus compounds. J. Toxicol.
Environ. Health Part A 58: 469-474.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Akimov, G. A., Buchko, V. M., Kremleva, R. V., and Kolesnichenko, I. P. ( Changes in the nervous system in
acute peroral intoxications with chlorophos (clinical and pathomorphological data). Zh. Nevropatol.
Psikhiatr. Im. S. S. Korsakova 77(2): 204-207 1977 (15 References).
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Al Hussein, I. A., Lubke, M., and Wetzel, T. (1991). Investigations on the Influence of Insecticides on the
Density of Activity of Carabid Beetles (Col. Carabidae) in Winter Wheat (Zum Einfluss Von
Insektiziden Auf Die Aktivitatsdichte Der Laufkafer (Col, Carabidae) Im Winterweizen).
JAppLEntomol. 112: 499-504 (GER) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DM,C YP,MTM,CPY,DMT Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
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Albers, J. W., Garabrant, D. H., Mattsson, J. L., Burns, C. J., Cohen, S. S., Sima, C., Garrison, R. P., Richardson,
R. J., and Berent, S. (Dose-Effect Analyses of Occupational Chlorpyrifos Exposure and Peripheral
Nerve Electrophysiology. Toxicol sci. 2007, may; 97(1): 196-204. [Toxicological sciences : an
official journal of the society of toxicology]: Toxicol Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Albert, A. ( 1987). Xenobiosis Foods Drugs And Poisons In The Human Body. Albert, A. Xenobiosis: Foods,
Drugs And Poisons In The Human Body. X+367p. Chapman And Hall: New York, New York, Usa
London, England, Uk. Illus. Isbn 0-412-28810-9(Paper); Isbn 0-412-28800-1 (Cloth).; 0: X+367p.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Aldana-Madrid, M. L., Valdez-Hurtado, S., Vargas-Valdez, N. D., Salazar-Lopez, N. J., Silveira-Gramont, M. I.,
Loarca-PiÑ, A, F. G., RodrÍ, Guez-Olibarria, G., Wong-Corral, F. J., Borboa-Flores, J.,
Burgos-HernÁ, and Ndez, A. (Insecticide Residues in Stored Grains in Sonora, Mexico:
Quantification and Toxicity Testing. Bull environ contam toxicol. 2008, feb; 80(2):93-6. [Bulletin of
environmental contamination and toxicology]: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FOOD.
Aldrich, A. and Daniel, 0. (2003). Literature Based Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment (Literaturbasierte
Okotoxikologische Risikoabschatzung). Final Rep.of Module 5a of the Proj.Org.Pollut.in Compost
andDigestate in Switzerland, EPFL - Swiss Fed.Res.Stn.ofAgroecol.andAgric., FAL 68 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ATZ,Captan,CPY,Folpet,IPD,MTL,PAH,PCB,PHTH,TBA,VCZ Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Alho, C. Jr and Vieira, L. M. (1997). Fish And Wildlife Resources In The Pantanal Wetlands Of Brazil And
Potential Disturbances From The Release Of Environmental Contaminants. Environmental
Toxicology And Chemistry 16: 71-74.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Ali, A. J. (Residue analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in crops by gas chromatography with different
detection. Anal. Lab. (1993) 2: 210-13 CODEN: ANLAEG; ISSN: 0861-4938.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ali, D. and Kumar, S. (2008). Chlorpyrifos-Mediated Biochemical Changes in the Freshwater Fish Channa
punctatus (Bloch). Comp.Biochem.Physiol.A 150: Sill (doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.241) (ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Ali, Daoud, Nagpure, N. S., Kumar, Sudhir, Kumar, Ravindra, Kushwaha, B., and Lakra, W. S. (Assessment of
genotoxic and mutagenic effects of chlorpyrifos in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using
micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. In Press, Accepted Manuscript.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Ali, Syed Shahid, Haq, Riaz Ul, Khaliq, Mubasshirah, and Shakoori, A. R. (1997). Use of ultraviolet
spectrophotometry for determination of insecticides and aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants . Punjab
Univ.J.Zool. 12:31-34.
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Allegrini, J., Simeon de Buochberg, M., Cousserans, J., and Sinegre, G. (1973). The Antilarval Fight Against
Culcidae in Septic Tanks: the Action of Dursban and Ddt on the Microbial Flora (La Lutte
Antilarvaire Contre Les Culcides Des Fosses Septiques L'action Du "Dursban Et Du D.d.t." Sur La
Flore Microbienne). Cah.O.R.S.T.O.M.Ser.Entomol.Med.Parasitol. 11: 101-106 (FRE) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Allen, Robert J. and DeGaetano, Arthur T. (2005). Considerations for the use of radar-derived precipitation
-------
estimates in determining return intervals for extreme areal precipitation amounts. Journal of
Hydrology 315: 203-219.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Allender, W. J. (1991). Column Extraction Of Chlorpyrifos From Contaminated Fish. J Anal Toxicol 15: 141-
143.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Allender, William J. and Keegan, James (Determination of chlorpyrifos and its major breakdown products in
technical formulations. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1991) 46: 313-19 CODEN: BECTA6;
ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Almeida-Filho, Raimundo and Miranda, Fernando P. (Mega capture of the Rio Negro and formation of the
Anavilhanas Archipelago, Central Amazonia, Brazil: Evidences in an SRTM digital elevation model.
Remote Sensing of Environment In Press, Corrected Proof: 58.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Al-Meqbali, A. Sr, El-Shahawi, M. S., and Kamal, M. M. (1998). Differential Pulse Polarographic Analysis Of
Chlorpyrifos Insecticide. Electroanalysis 10: 784-786.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Al-Samariee, A. I., Shaker, K. Am, and Al-Bassomy, M. A. (1988). Residue Levels Of Three
Organophosphorus Insecticides In Sweet Pepper Grown In Commercial Greenhouses. Pestic Sci 22:
189-194.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Al-Shatti, A. K. S., El-Desouky, M., Zaki, R., Al-Azem, M. Abu, and Al-Lagani, M. (1997). Health care for
pesticide applicators in a locust eradication campaign in Kuwait (1988-1989). Environ. Res. 73:
219-226.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Altenkirch, H., Hopmann, D., Brockmeier, B., and Walter, G. (1996). Neurological Investigations In 23 Cases
Of Pyrethroid Intoxication Reported To The German Federal Health Office. Neurotoxicology (Little
Rock) 17:645-651.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Alvarez-Mozos, Jesus, Casali, Javier, Gonzalez-Audicana, Maria, and Verhoest, Niko E. C. (2005). Correlation
between Ground Measured Soil Moisture and RADARSAT-1 derived Backscattering Coefficient
over an Agricultural Catchment of Navarre (North of Spain). Biosystems Engineering 92: 119-133.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Alvarez-Perez, Jose L., Marshall, Stewart J., and Gregson, Keith (2000). Resolution Improvement of ERS
Scatterometer Data Over Land by Wiener Filtering. Remote Sensing of Environment 71: 261 -271.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Amajuoyi, I. K., Leupold, G., and Parlar, H. (Multiresidue analysis of multiclass pesticides in plant extracts
using countercurrent chromatography as a clean-up step and HRGC-ECD/HRGC-MS determination.
Prepr. Ext. Abstr. ACSNatl. Meet. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Environ. Chem. 39(1), 146-148 CODEN:
PEACF2 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Amer, Soheir M. and Aly, Fawzia A. E. ( Cytogenetic effects of pesticides. IV. Cytogenetic effects of the
insecticides Gardona and Dursban. Mutat. Res. (1992) 279: 165-70 CODEN: MUREAV; ISSN:
0027-5107.
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Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ames, R. G., Brown, S. K., Rosenberg, J., Jackson, R. J., Stratton, J. W., and Quenon, S. G. (1989). Health
Symptoms And Occupational Exposure To Flea Control Products Among California Pet Handlers.
AmlndHygAssocJSO: 466-472.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Amitai, G., Adani, R., Yacov, G., Yishay, S., Teitlboim, S., Tveria, L., Limanovich, 0., Kushnir, M, and
Meshulam, H. ( Asymmetric Fluorogenic Organophosphates for the Development of Active
Organophosphate Hydrolases With Reversed Stereoselectivity. Toxicology. 2007, apr 20; 233(1-
3): 187-98. [Toxicology]: Toxicology.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Ammann, Larry P., Waller, William T., Kennedy, James H., Dickson, Kenneth L., and Mayer, Foster L. (
Power, sample size and taxonomic sufficiency for measures of impact in aquatic systems. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. (1997) 16: 2421-2431 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Amr, M. M., Zayet, H. A., Salem, M. M., and El-Beshlawy, M. S. (Neurological effects of pesticides. Proc.
ICMR Semin. (1994) 209-218 CODEN: PSISEH; ISSN: 0914-4404.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Analytical Development Corp. (1980). Project No. 577; Report No. GH-C 1408R: Determination of 14C-
Residues Following Oral Administration of 14C-Chlorpyrifos to Lactating Goats. Dow.Chemical
Co. Under PP#9F2270 (070176).
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Andersen, H. Raun, Nielsen, J. Bo, and Grandjean, P. (2000). Toxicologic Evidence Of Developmental
Neurotoxicity Of Environmental Chemicals. Toxicology 144: 121-127.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Andersen, Jarl Regner (Pesticide residues in Danish food 1980-81. Publ. - Statens Levnedsmiddelinst. (Den.)
(1983).
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anderson, B. S., Hunt, J. W., Phillips, B. M., Nicely, P. A., Vlaming, V. de, Connor, V., Richard, N, and
Tjeerdema, R. S. (2003). Integrated Assessment of the Impacts of Agricultural Drainwater in the
Salinas River (California, Usa). Environ.Pollut. 124:523-532.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Anderson, C. R, Brzezinski, M. A, Siegel, D., Washburn, L., and Kudela, R. (2006). {\It Pseudo-Nitzschia}
Blooms in the Santa Barbara Channel: From Field Observations to a Predictive Regional Model.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Anderson, D. J. and Kites, R. A. (1988). Chlorinated Pesticides In Indoor Air. Environ Sci Technol 22: 717-
720.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Anderson, D. J. and Hites, R. A. (1989). Indoor Air Spatial Variations Of Chlorinated Pesticides. Atmos
Environ 23: 2063-2066.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Anderson, H. A., Falk, C., Hanrahan, L., Olson, J., Burse, V. W., Needham, L., Paschal, D., Patterson, D. Jr,
Hill, R. H Jr, and Great Lakes Consortium (1998). Profiles Of Great Lakes Critical Pollutants: A
Sentinel Analysis Of Human Blood And Urine. Environmental Health Perspectives 106: 279-289.
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anderson, R. L. (1986). Assessment Of Risk Criteria With Laboratory And Field Data. Twelfth Annual Aquatic
Toxicity Workshop, Thunder Bay, Ont., Canada, Nov. 5-8, 1985. Can Tech Rep FishAquatSci 0: 95-
96.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Andreescu, Silvana, Barthelmebs, Lise, and Marty, Jean-Louis (2002). Immobilization of acetylcholinesterase
on screen-printed electrodes: comparative study between three immobilization methods and
applications to the detection of organophosphorus insecticides. Analytica ChimicaActa 464: 171-
180.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Anon ( Ambient Water Quality Criteria For Chlorpyrifos - 1986. Govt Reports Announcements & Index
(Gra&I), Issue 01, 1987.
Rejection Code: RISK ASSESSMENT.
Anon ( Analysis of the Risks and Benefits of Seven Chemicals Used for Subterranean Termite Control. Govt
Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 02, 1987.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anon ( Assessment of the Health Risks of Seven Pesticides Used for Termite Control. Govt Reports
Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 13, 1985.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anon (Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 37: Chlorpyrifos. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue
02, 1987.
Rejection Code: NO TOXDATA.
Anon (Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 57: Chlorpyrifos-Methyl. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I),
Issue 02, 1987.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Anon ( Toxicological Profile For Chlorpyrifos. Draft For Public Comment. Govt Reports Announcements &
Index (Gra&I), Issue 20, 1996.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anon. (Dursban. Dangerous Prop. Ind. Mater. Rep. (1990) 10: 38-53 CODEN: DPIRDU; ISSN: 0270-3777.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anon. (French limiting values for occupational exposure to chemicals. Cah. Notes Doc. (1993) 153 557-74
CODEN: CNDIBJ; ISSN: 0007-9952.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anonymous ( Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. Heta-88-364-2103 Vol. li, Library Of Congress, Madison
Building, Washington, D.c. Hazard Evaluations And Technical Assistance Branch, Niosh, U.S.
Department Of Health And Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, Report No. Heta-88-364-2103, Vol.
li, 265 Pages, 33 References, 1990.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Anonymous ( Occupational Safety And Health Guidelines For Chemical Hazards. Supplement Iv-Ohg. Niosh,
U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, Dhhs (Niosh) Publication No.
95-121, 498 Pages, 781 Reference, 1995.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Anonymous (1985). Broader Choice of Bee-Safe Pesticides Available. Citrograph 70: 185-186.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TDC,CBL,CPY,MOM Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Antibody for Phenitrothion hapten determination. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 18 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Antolik, Mark S. (2000). An overview of the National Weather Service's centralized statistical quantitative
precipitation forecasts. Journal oj'Hydrology 239: 306-337.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Aprahamian, S., Trankina, M. L., and Beitz, D. C. (1984). Effects of Two Organophosphates, Ronnel and
Dursban, on Lipolysis in Bovine Adipose Tissue. Nutr.Rep.Int. 29: 339-347.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Aprahamian, S., Trankina, M. L., and Beitz, D. C. (1984). Effects of Two Organophosphates, Ronnel and
Dursban, on Lipolysis in Bovine Adipose Tissue. Nutr.Rep.Int. 29: 339-347.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Aprea, C., Sciarra, G., Sartorelli, P., Sartorelli, E., Strambi, F., Farina, G. A., and Fattorini, A. (1997).
Biological Monitoring Of Exposure To Chlorpyrifos-Methyl By Assay Of Urinary Alkylphosphates
And 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol. Journal Of Toxicology And Environmental Health 50: 581-594.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Arai, Yoshikazu, Takahashi, Tokindo, Hayashi, Rumiko, and Fujiki, Yukio ( Study on clothes polluted with
chlorpyrifos in wood manufacturing. Shojinkai Igakushi (1991) 30: 53-8 CODEN: SHIGE5; ISSN:
0388-9734.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Archer, T. L., Bynum, E. D. Jr., and Plapp, F. W. Jr. (1994). Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Greenbugs (Homoptera:
Aphididae): Cross-Resistance and Synergism. J.Econ.Entomol. 87: 1437-1440.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,AMZ,PPB,CBF,ACP,TBF,CPY,DMT,EFV,MOM,OXD
Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Archibald, B. A., Solomon, K. R., and Stephenson, G. R. ( Survey of pesticide use by Ontario greenhouse
chrysanthemum producers. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1994) 53: 486-92 CODEN: BECTA6;
ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Archibald, S. 0. and Winter, C. K. (1990). Pesticides In Our Food Assessing The Risks. Winter, C. K., J. N.
SeiberAnd C. F. Nuckton (Ed.). Chemicals In The Human Food Chain. Xv+276p. Van Nostrand
Reinhold: Florence, Kentucky, Usa London, England, Uk. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-442-00421-4.; 0: 1-50.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Arcury, T. A., Grzywacz, J. G., Barr, D. B., Tapia, J., Chen, H., and Quandt, S. A. (Pesticide Urinary Metabolite
Levels of Children in Eastern North Carolina Farmworker Households. Environ healthperspect.
2007, aug; 115(8): 1254-60. [Environmental health perspectives]: Environ Health Perspect.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Arduini, Fabiana, Ricci, Francesco, Tuta, Catalin S., Moscone, Danila, Amine, Aziz, and Palleschi, Giuseppe
(2006). Detection of carbamic and organophosphorous pesticides in water samples using a
cholinesterase biosensor based on Prussian Blue-modified screen-printed electrode. Analytica
ChimicaActa 580: 155-162 .
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ares, Jorge 0., Del Valle, Hector F., and Olinuck, Jose A. (2006). Exploring improved pesticide management in
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sub-tropical environments with GIS-supported fate modeling. Agricultural Systems 91: 189-210.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Arnot, J. A. and Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2006). A Review of Bioconcentration Factor (Bcf) and Bioaccumulation
Factor (Baf) Assessments for Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Organisms. Environ.Res. 14: 257-297'.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: HCCH,DZ,CBZ,CPY,PCP,DDT,NAPH Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Arthur, F. H. (2004). Evaluation of a New Insecticide Formulation (F2) as a Protectant of Stored Wheat, Maize,
and Rice. J.StoredProd.Res. 40: 317-330.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Asakawa, F., Jitsunari, F., Suna, S., Shiraishi, H., Manabe, Y., Gotoh, A., Nakajima, T., and Shimada, J. (1989).
The Actual State Of Occupational Exposure To Chlorpyrifos Of Termite Control Workers. Jpn J
Hyg 44: 921-928.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Asakawa, Fumiyuki, Jitsunari, Fumihiko, and Nakajima, Taichi (Determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol
in urine of workers exposed to chlorphyrifos using wide bore capillary gas chromatography. Sangyo
Igaku (1989) 31: 242-3 CODEN: SAIGBL; ISSN: 0047-1879.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Aston, L. S. and Seiber, J. N. (1996). Exchange Of Airborne Organophosphorus Pesticides With Pine Needles.
Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants And
Agricultural Wastes 31: 671-698.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Aston, L. S. and Seiber, J. N. (1997). Fate Of Summertime Airborne Organophosphate Pesticide Residues In
The Sierra Nevada Mountains. Journal Of Environmental Quality 26'. 1483-1492.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Atchison, G. J. (Effects Of Toxicants On Predator-Prey Interactions Of Aquatic Animals. Fedrip Database,
National Technical Information Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: FEDRIP DATABASE.
Atkinson, R., Guicherit, R., Kites, R. A., Palm, W. U., Seiber, J. N., and De Voogt P (1999). Transformations
Of Pesticides In The Atmosphere: A State Of The Art. Water Air And Soil Pollution 115: 219-243.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Auby, L, Bocquene, G., Quiniou, F., and Dreno, J. P. (2007). Arcachon Basin's Weedkillers and Insecticides
Contamination Analysis (2005-2006 Period) Environmental Impact.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Auby, L, Bocquene, G., Quiniou, F., and Dreno, J. P. (2007). Arcachon Basin's Weedkillers and Insecticides
Contamination Analysis (2005-2006 Period) Environmental Impact.
Rejection Code : NON-ENGLISH.
aus, Brian K., Wang, John D., Martinez-Pedraja, Jorge, and Smith, Ned (2004). Southeast Florida Shelf
circulation and volume exchange, observations of km-scale variability. Estuarine, Coastal and
Shelf Science 59: 277-294.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Austin, Jenet M., Mackey, Brendan G., and Van Niel, Kimberly P. (2003). Estimating forest biomass using
satellite radar: an exploratory study in a temperate Australian Eucalyptus forest. Forest Ecology and
Management 176: 575-583.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDTA.
Axelrad, J. C., Howard, C. V., and McLean, W. G. (2002). Interactions between pesticides and components of
pesticide formulations in an in vitro neurotoxicity test. Toxicology 173: 259-268.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Axelrad, J. C., Howard, C. V., and McLean, W. G. (2003). The effects of acute pesticide exposure on
neuroblastoma cells chronically exposed to diazinon. Toxicology 185: 67-78.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Axiak, V, Pavlakis, P., Sieber, A. J., and Tarchi, D. (2000). Re-assessing the Extent of Impact of Malta's
(Central Mediterranean) Major Sewage Outfall Using ERS SAR. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40: 734-
738.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Aylmore, L. Ag and Di, H. J. (2000). Predicting The Probabilities Of Groundwater Contamination By
Pesticides Under Variable Recharge. Australian Journal Of Soil Research 38: 591-602.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Aysal, P., Ambrus, A., Lehotay, S. J., and Cannavan, A. ( Validation of an Efficient Method for the Determination
of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables Using Ethyl Acetate for Extraction. J environ sci
health b. 2007 jun-jul; 42(5):481-90. [Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B,
pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes]: J Environ Sci Health B.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Aysal, P., Gozek, K., Artik, N., and Tuncbilek, A. S. (14C-Chlorpyrifos Residues in Tomatoes and Tomato
Products. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1999) 62: 377-382 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-
4861.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Azevedo, A., da Silva, J. C. B., and New, A. L. (2006). On the generation and propagation of internal solitary
waves in the southern Bay of Biscay. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
53: 927-941.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Azuma, T., Niiro, M., andMotobu, H. (1994). Removal Of Pesticides From Wastewater At Golf Courses Using
Plants, (Removal By Mung Beans; Phaseolus Radiatus L). Bio-Medical Materials And Engineering
4: 127-137.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Babin, M. M. and Tarazona, J. V. (2005). In vitro toxicity of selected pesticides on RTG-2 and RTL-W1 fish
cell lines. Environmental Pollution 135: 267-274.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Babin, Mar, Boleas, Sara, and Tarazona, Jose Vicente (2005). In vitro toxicity of antimicrobials on RTG-2 and
RTL-W1 fish cell lines. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 20: 125-134.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Backman, Johan and Alerstam, Thomas (2003). Orientation scatter of free-flying nocturnal passerine migrants:
components and causes. Animal Behaviour 65: 987-996.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Badawy, M. I. (1998). Organic Insecticides In Airborne Suspended Particulates. Bulletin Of Environmental
Contamination And Toxicology 60: 693-701.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Baerg, R. J., Barrett, M, and Polge, N. D. (1996). Insecticide and Insecticide Metabolite Interactions with
Cytochrome P450 Mediated Activities in Maize. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 55: 10-20.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DDA,12T,NSF,TBO,PRT,CPY,MLN,CBF,CBL,PMR,FNF,TBS Rejection Code: IN
VITRO/MIXTURE.
Baerg, R. J., Barrett, M., and Polge, N. D. (1996). Insecticide and Insecticide Metabolite Interactions With
Cytochrome P450 Mediated Activities in Maize. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 55: 10-20.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DDA,12T,NSF,TBO,PRT,CPY,MLN,CBF,CBL,PMR,FNF,TBS Rejection Code: IN
VITRO/MIXTURE.
Baerg, Roger J., Barrett, Michael, and Polge, Nicholas D. (Insecticide and insecticide metabolite interactions
with cytochrome P450 mediated activities in maize. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. (1996) 55: 10-20
CODEN: PCBPBS; ISSN: 0048-3575.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Baez, M. E., Lastra, 0., and Rodriguez, M. (1996). Solid Phase Extraction Of Halogenated Pesticides From
Ground And Surface Waters And Their Determination By Capillary Gas Chromatography. Hrc
Journal Of High Resolution Chromatography 19: 559-563.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Baghdadi, Nicolas, Grandjean, Gilles, Lahondere, Didier, Paillou, Philippe, and Lasne, Yannick (2005). Apport
de I'imagerie satellitaire radar pour 1'exploration geologique en zones arides. Comptes Rendus
Geosciences 337: 719-728.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bahadir, M. and Pfister, G. (1990). Controlled Release Formulations of Pesticides. In: M.Bahadir, P.Boger,
H.Buchenauer, M.Eto, M.A.Q.Khan, G.Pfister, and G.Sandmann, Chemistry of Plant Protection,
Vol.6, Controlled Release, Biochemical Effects of Pesticides, Inhibition of Plant Pathogenic Fungi,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1-64.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ALD,PPN,DBN,GYP,24DXY,24DXYBEE,CYP,DM,CBF,CPY,ES Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Bahadir, M. and Pfister, G. (1990). Controlled Release Formulations Of Pesticides. Bahadir, M., P. Boeger, H.
Buchenauer, M. Eto, M. A. Q. Khan, G. Pfister And G. Sandmann. Chemistry Of Plant Protection,
Vol. 6. Controlled Release, Biochemical Effects Of Pesticides, Inhibition Oj'Plant Pathogenic Fungi.
Ix+312p. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, West Germany New York, New York, Usa. Illus. Isbn 3-540-
51316-7; Isbn 0-387-51316-7.; 0: 1-64.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bai, Xiaodong, Fazzolari, Tatiana, and Hogenhout, Saskia A. (2004). Identification and characterization of traE
genes of Spiroplasma kunkelii. Gene 336: 81-91.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bailey, H. C., Krassoi, R., Elphick, J. R., Mulhall, A. M., Hunt, P., Tedmanson, L., and Lovell, A. (2000).
Application Of Ceriodaphnia Dubia For Whole Effluent Toxicity Tests In The Hawkesbury-Nepean
Watershed, New South Wales, Australia: Method Development And Validation. Environmental
Toxicology And Chemistry 19: 88-93.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Bailey, Howard C., Deanovic, Linda, Reyes, Emilie, Kimball, Tom, Larson, Karen, Cortright, Kristi, Connor,
Valerie, and Hinton, David E. (Diazinon and chlorpyrifos in urban waterways in Northern
California, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (2000) 19: 82-87 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Bailey, Howard C., Krassoi, Rick, Elphick, James R., Mulhall, Ann-Maree, Hunt, Peta, Tedmanson, Louise, and
Lovell, Adam ( Whole effluent toxicity of sewage treatment plants in the Hawkesbury-Nepean
watershed, New South Wales, Australia, to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Selenastrum capricornutum.
Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (2000) 19: 72-81 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Bailey, R. and Belzer, W. (Large Volume Cold on-Column Injection for Gas Chromatography-Negative
Chemical lonization-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Selected Pesticides in Air Samples. J agric
food chem. 2007, feb 21; 55 (4): 115 0-5. [Journal of agricultural and food chemistry]: J Agric Food
Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Bain, Lisa J., Mclachlan, James B., and Leblanc, Gerald A. ( Structure-activity relationships for xenobiotic
transport substrates and inhibitory ligands of P-glycoprotein. Environ. Health Perspect. (1997) 105:
812-818 CODEN: EVHPAZ; ISSN: 0091-6765.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bakale, G. and McCreary, R. D. (A physicochemical screening test for chemical carcinogens: the ke test.
Carcinogenesis (London) (1987) 8: 253-64 CODEN: CRNGDP; ISSN: 0143-3334.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Baker, D. B. and Richards, P. (1990). Transport Of Soluble Pesticides Through Drainage Networks In Large
Agricultural River Basins. Kurtz, D. A. (Ed.). Long Range Transport Of Pesticides 195th National
Meeting Of The American Chemical Society Held Jointly With The Third Chemical Congress Of
North America, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 1988. Xv+462p. Lewis Publishers, Inc.: Chelsea,
Michigan, Usa. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-87371-168-8.; 0: 241-270.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Bakker, F. M. (1998). Accuracy and Efficiency of Sequential Pesticide Testing Protocols for Phytoseiid Mites.
In: Haskell,P.T.andP.McEwen (Eds.), Ecotoxicology: Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms, Kluwer
Publ., Dordrecht, Netherlands 148-165 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ATZ,Folpet,FRM,TFR,CTZ,BTN,PRN,FNT,AZ,MVP,DMT,DZ,CPY Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Bakry, N. M., Abdel Halim, K. Y., and Salama, A. K. (1999). Placental and Milk Transfer of Chlorpyrifos and
Profenofos in Mice. Alex.J.Pharm.Sci. 13 : 29-33.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Balinova, A. M. and Mondesky, M. (1999). Pesticide Contamination Of Ground And Surface Water In
Bulgarian Danube Plain. Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part B Pesticides Food
Contaminants And Agricultural Wastes 34: 33-46.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Balluz, Lina S., Philen, Rossanne M., Brock, John, Falter, Kenneth, Kiefer, Max, Hart, Rebecca, and Hill,
Robert H. (Health complaints related to pesticide stored at a public health clinic. Environ. Res.
(2000) 82: 1-6 CODEN: ENVRAL; ISSN: 0013-9351.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Balzter, H. , Rowland, C. S., and Saich, P. (2007). Forest canopy height and carbon estimation at Monks Wood
National Nature Reserve, UK, using dual-wavelength SAR interferometry. Remote Sensing of
Environment 108: 224-239.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Balzter, H. , Skinner, L., Luckman, A., and Brooke, R. (2003). Estimation of tree growth in a conifer plantation
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over 19 years from multi-satellite L-band SAR. Remote Sensing of Environment 84: 184-191.
Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Bandaragoda, Christina, Tarboton, David G., and Woods, Ross (2004). Application of TOPNET in the
distributed model intercomparison project: The Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP).
Journal of Hydrology 298: 178-201.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Banerjee, K., Patil, S. H., Dasgupta, S., Oulkar, D. P., Patil, S. B., Savant, R., and Adsule, P. G. ( Optimization of
Separation and Detection Conditions for the Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Grapes by
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J
chromatogr a. 2008, may 9; 1190(l-2):350-7. [Journal of chromatography. A]: JChromatogr A.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Bang, H. S., Lee, J. H., Na, Y. E., and Wall, R. (2007). Reproduction of the Dung Beetle (Copris tripartitus) in the
Dung of Cattle Treated with cis-Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos. Appl.Soil Ecol. 35: 546-552.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Banks Kenneth E, Hunter David H, and Wachal David J (2005). Chlorpyrifos in Surface Waters Before and
After a Federally Mandated Ban. Environment International [Environ. Int.]. Vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 351-
356. Apr 2005.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Barakat, Assem 0., Kim, Moonkoo, Qian, Yoarong, and Wade, Terry L. (2002). Organochlorine pesticides and
PCB residues in sediments of Alexandria Harbour, Egypt. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 1426-1434.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Barber, D., Correll, L., and Ehrich, M. (1999). Comparative Effectiveness Of Organophosphorus Protoxicant
Activating Systems In Neuroblastoma Cells And Brain Homogenates. Journal Of Toxicology And
Environmental Health Part A 57: 63-74.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Barber, David, Correll, Linda, and Ehrich, Marion ( Comparison of two in vitro activation systems for
protoxicant Organophosphorus esterase inhibitors. Toxicol. Sci. (1999) 47: 16-22 CODEN:
TOSCF2; ISSN: 1096-6080.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Barcelo, D. (1993). Environmental Protection Agency And Other Methods For The Determination Of Priority
Pesticides And Their Transformation Products In Water. J Chromatogr 643: 117-143.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Barcelo, D. and Hennion, M. C. (1997). Sampling Of Polar Pesticides From Water Matrices. Analytica
ChimicaActa338: 3-18.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Barcelo, D., Chiron, S., Lacorte, S., Martinez, E., Salau, J. S., and Hennion, M. C. (1994). Solid-Phase Sample
Preparation And Stability Of Pesticides In Water Using Empore Disks. Trends In Analytical
Chemistry 13: 352-361.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Barcelo, D., Durand, G., and Bertrand, N. De (Photodegradation of the Organophosphorus pesticides
Chlorpyrifos, fenamiphos and vamidothion in water. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. (1993) 38: 183-99
CODEN: TECSDY; ISSN: 0277-2248.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Barcelo, D., Lacorte, S., and Marty, J. L. (1995). Validation Of An Enzymatic Biosensor With Liquid
Chromatography For Pesticide Monitoring. Trends In Analytical Chemistry 14: 334-340.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Bard, S. (1999). Global Transport Of Anthropogenic Contaminants And The Consequences For The Arctic
Marine Ecosystem. Marine Pollution Bulletin^: 356-379.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Bardarov, V. and Miteva, M. (High-performance liquid and gas chromatography of dialkyl phosphates, dialkyl
thiophosphates and dialkyl dithiophosphates as their pentafluorobenzyl derivatives. J. Chromatogr.
(1989) 462, 233-41 CODEN: JOCRAM; ISSN: 0021-9673.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Bar-Han, L, Shmerkin, S., Mingelgrin, U., and Levanon, D. (2000). Survey Of Pesticide Distribution In Upper
Jordan Basin. Water Air And Soil Pollution 119: 139-156.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Barr, D. B., Barr, J. R., Driskell, W. J., Hill, R. H Jr, Ashley, D. L., Needham, L. L., Head, S. L., and Sampson,
E. J. (1999). Strategies For Biological Monitoring Of Exposure For Contemporary-Use Pesticides.
Toxicology And Industrial Health 15: 168-179.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Barra, R. and Carmi, J. (1995). A Simple Method For Extraction And Gc-Ecd Analysis Of Chlorpyrifos From
Water Environmental Samples. Hrc Journal Of High Resolution Chromatography 18: 194-195 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Barra, R., Torrejon, M., Reinicke, K., and Rudolph, M. I. (1993). In Search Of Early Biological Markers Of
Environmental Pollution: In Vitro Analysis Of Cholinesterasic Activity On Diplodon Chilensis
Chilensis: (Gray, 1982) Effect Of Chlorpyrifos. Boletin De La SociedadDe Biologia De
Concepcion 64: 37-41.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Barra, R., Vighi, M., and Di Guardo A (1995). Prediction Of Surface Water Input Of Chloridazon And
Chlorpyrifos From An Agricultural Watershed In Chile. Chemosphere 30: 485-500.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Barrett, J. R. (Pesticides: Toxic Legacy. Environ healthperspect. 2007, apr; 115(4):al90. [Environmentalhealth
perspectives]: Environ Health Perspect.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Barron, M. G., Anderson, M. J., Lipton, J., and Dixon, D. G. (Evaluation of critical body residue QSARs for
predicting organic chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. (1997) 6: 47-62
CODEN: SQERED; ISSN: 1062-936X.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Bates, P. D. and De Roo, A. P. J. (2000). A simple raster-based model for flood inundation simulation. Journal
of Hydrology 236: 54-77.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Bates, Paul D., Wilson, Matthew D., Horritt, Matthew S., Mason, David C., Holden, Nick, and Currie, Anthony
(2006). Reach scale floodplain inundation dynamics observed using airborne synthetic aperture radar
imagery: Data analysis and modelling: Measurement and Parameterization of Rainfall
Microstructure. Journal of Hydrology 328: 306-318.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
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Batzer, F. R. and Cleveland, C. B. (1992). Photolysis Of Chlorpyrifos And Fluroxypyr Methylheptyl Ester
Methodologies And Results. 204th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington,
D.c., Usa, August 23-28, 1992. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 204: Agro 37.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Baup, F., Mougin, E., de Rosnay, P., Timouk, F., and Chenerie, I. ( Surface soil moisture estimation over the
AMMA Sahelian site in Mali using ENVISAT/ASAR data. Remote Sensing of Environment In
Press, Corrected Proof: 210.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bavcon Kralj, M., Franko, M., and Trebse, P. (Photodegradation of Organophosphorus Insecticides -
Investigations of Products and Their Toxicity Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and
Ache-Thermal Lens Spectrometric Bioassay. Chemosphere. 2007, feb; 67(1):99-107.
[Chemosphere]: Chemosphere.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Beach, E. D., Fernandez-Cornejo, J., Huang, W. Y., and Uri, N. D. (1995 ). The Potential Risks Of
Groundwater And Surface Water Contamination By Agricultural Chemicals Used In Vegetable
Production. Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part A Environmental Science And
Engineering & Toxic And Hazardous Substance Control 30: 1295-1325.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Beasley, V. R. (1993). Pesticides and Pets. In: K.D.Racke and A.R.Leslie (Eds.), 203rd Natl.Meet.of the
Am.Chem.Soc., Apr.5-10, 1992, San Francisco, California, ACS Symp.Ser.No.522, Pesticides in
Urban Environments: Fate and Significance, Am.Chem.Soc., Washington, D.C.: 344-351.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MOM.CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Beauvais, Anicet, Ritz, Michel, Parisot, Jean-Claude, Bantsimba, Christian, and Dukhan, Michel (2004).
Combined ERT and GPR methods for investigating two-stepped lateritic weathering systems.
Geoderma 119: 121-132.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Beavis, C., Simpson, P., Syme, J., and Ryan, C. (1991). Chemicals for the Protection of Field Crops, Forage
Crops and Pastures . Queensl.Dep.of Primary Ind.Info.Ser.No.QI91006, Infopest: Chemicals for the
Protection of Field Crops, Forage Crops, and Pastures, 2nd Edition, Brisbane, Queensland,
Australia 312 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PIM,MOM,TBO,EFV,DM,MB,TCF,PPHN,ADC,AZ,CBL,DZ,FNT,ES,PMR,DU,ATZ,GYP,PAQT,
BMN,SZ,CPY,DDVP,TDC,BDC,PFF Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Beavis, C., Simpson, P., Syme, J., and Ryan, C. (1991). Chemicals for the Protection of Fruit and Nut Crops.
Queensl.Dep.of Primary Ind.Info.Ser.No.QI91004, Infopest: Chemicals for the Protection of Field
Crops, Forage Crops, and Pastures, 2nd Edition, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 312 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PIM,MOM,TBO,EFV,DM,MB,TCF,PPHN,ADC,AZ,CBL,DZ,FNT,ES,PMR,DU,ATZ,GYP,PAQT,
BMN,SZ,CPY,DDVP,TDC,BDC Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Beavis, C., Simpson, P., Syme, J., and Ryan, C. (1991). Chemicals for the Protection of Ornamentals and Turf.
Queensl.Dep.of Primary Ind.Info.Ser.No.QI91003, Infopest: Chemicals for the Protection of Field
Crops, Forage Crops, and Pastures, 2nd Edition, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 312 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PIM,MOM,TBO,EFV,DM,MB,TCF,PPHN,ADC,AZ,CBL,DZ,FNT,ES,PMR,DU,ATZ,GYP,PAQT,
BMN,SZ,CPY,DDVP,TDC,BDC Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Beavis, C., Simpson, P., Syme, J., and Ryan, C. (1991). Chemicals for the Protection of Vegetable Crops.
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Queensl.Dep.of Primary Ind.Info.Ser.No.QI91005, Infopest: Chemicals for the Protection of Field
Crops, Forage Crops, and Pastures, 2nd Edition, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 312 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PIM,MOM,TBO,EFV,DM,MB,TCF,PPHN,ADC,AZ,CBL,DZ,FNT,ES,PMR,DU,ATZ,GYP,PAQT,
BMN,SZ,CPY,DDVP,TDC,BDC Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Beck, A. J., Johnston, A. Ej, and Jones, K. C. (1993). Movement Of Nonionic Organic Chemicals In
Agricultural Soils. CritRev Environ Sci Technol 23: 219-248.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Belchansky, Gennady I. and Douglas, David C. (2000). Classification Methods for Monitoring Arctic Sea Ice
Using OKEAN Passive/Active Two-Channel Microwave Data. Remote Sensing of Environment 73:
307-322.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Belchansky, Gennady I. and Douglas, David C. (2002). Seasonal comparisons of sea ice concentration estimates
derived from SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT data. Remote Sensing of Environment 81: 67-81.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Belden, J. B., Hofelt, C. S., and Lydy, M. J. (2000). Analysis Of Multiple Pesticides In Urban Storm Water
Using Solid-Phase Extraction. Archives Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 38: 7-10.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Belfroid, A. C., van Drunen, M., Beek, M. A., Schrap, S. M., van Gestel, C. A. M., and van Hattum, B. (
Relative risks of transformation products of pesticides for aquatic ecosystems. Sci. Total Environ.
(1998) 222: 167-183 CODEN: STENDL; ISSN: 0048-9697.
Rejection Code: REVIEW, NO TOX DATA.
Bell, D., Menges, C., Ahmad, W., and van Zyl, J. J. (2001). The Application of Dielectric Retrieval Algorithms
for Mapping Soil Salinity in a Tropical Coastal Environment Using Airborne Polarimetric SAR.
Remote Sensing of Environment 75: 375-384.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bello-Ramirez, A. M., Carreon-Garabito, B. Y., and Nava-Ocampo, A. A. (A theoretical approach to the
mechanism of biological oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicology (2000) 149: 63-68
CODEN: TXCYAC; ISSN: 0300-483X.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Beltran, J., Lopez, F. J., Cepria, 0., and Hernandez, F. (1998). Solid-Phase Microextraction For Quantitative
Analysis Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Environmental Water Samples. Journal Of
Chromatography A 808: 257-263.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Bending, Gary D., Friloux, Maxime, and Walker, Allan (2002). Degradation of contrasting pesticides by white
rot fungi and its relationship with ligninolytic potential. FEMSMicrobiology Letters 212: 59-63.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Benfenati, E., Tremolada, P., Chiappetta, L., Frassanito, R., Bassi, G., Di Toro N, Fanelli, R., and Stella, G.
(1990). Simultaneous Analysis Of 50 Pesticides In Water Samples By Solid Phase Extraction And
Gc-Ms. Chemosphere 21: 1411-1422.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Benham Brian L, Vaughan David H, Laird Megan K, Ross Blake B, and Peek Danny R (2007). Surface Water
Quality Impacts of Conservation Tillage Practices on Burley Tobacco Production Systems in
Southwest Virginia. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution [Water, Air, Soil Pollut.]. Vol. 179, no. 1-4, pp.
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159-166. Feb 2007.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Benham Brian L, Vaughan David H, Laird Megan K, Ross Blake B, and Peek Danny R (2007). Surface Water
Quality Impacts of Conservation Tillage Practices on Burley Tobacco Production Systems in
Southwest Virginia. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution [Water, Air, Soil Pollut.]. Vol. 179, no. 1-4, pp.
159-166. Feb 2007.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Benson, William H. and Long, Scott F. (Evaluation of humic-pesticide interactions on the acute toxicity of
selected organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (1991) 21: 301-7
CODEN: EESADV; ISSN: 0147-6513.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Bergen, Kathleen M, Gilboy, Amy M, and Brown, Daniel G. (2007). Multi-dimensional vegetation structure in
modeling avian habitat. Ecological Informatics 2: 9-22.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bernal, J. L., Del Nozal, M. J., Atienza, J., and Jimenez, J. J. (Multidetermination of PCBs and pesticides by
use of a dual GC column-dual detector system. Chromatographia (1992) 33: 67-76 CODEN:
CHRGB7; ISSN: 0009-5893.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Berne, Alexis, Delrieu, Guy, Creutin, Jean-Dominique, and Obled, Charles (2004). Temporal and spatial
resolution of rainfall measurements required for urban hydrology: Urban Hydrology. Journal of
Hydrology 299: 166-179.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Berry, D. F., Tomkinson, R. A., Hetzel, G. H., Mullins, D. E., and Young, R. W. (1993). Application Of Solid
State Fermentation Techniques To Dispose Of Chlorpyrifos And Metolachlor. Waste Manage 13:
271-277 .
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Berry, M. R., Johnson, L. S., Jones, J. W., Rader, J. I., Kendall, D. C., and Sheldon, L. S. (1997). Dietary
Characterizations In A Study Of Human Exposures In The Lower Rio Grande Valley: I. Foods And
Beverages. Environment International 23: 675-692.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Berry, P. A. M., Garlick, J. D., and Smith, R. G. (2007). Near-global validation of the SRTM DEM using
satellite radar altimetry. Remote Sensing of Environment 106: 17-27.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Berteau, P. E. and Mengle, D. C. (1986). An Assessment Of The Hazard From Pesticide Absorption From
Indoor Surfaces. Fourth International Congress Of Toxicology, Tokyo, Japan, July 21-25, 1986.
Toxicol Lett (Amst) 31: 164.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Berteau, P. E., Knaak, J. B., Mengle, D. C., and Schreider, J. B. (Insecticide Absorption From Indoor Surfaces.
Hazard Assessment And Regulatory Requirements. Biological Monitoring For Pesticide Exposure:
Measurement, Estimation, And Risk Reduction, R. G. M. Wang, C. A. Franklin, R. C. HoneycuttAnd
J. C. Reinert, Editors; Washington, D.c., American Chemical Society, Acs Symposium, 19891989.
Series 382, Pages 315-326, 22 References.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Berthier, E., Vadon, H., Baratoux, D., Arnaud, Y., Vincent, C., Feigl, K. L., Remy, F., and Legresy, B. (2005).
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Surface motion of mountain glaciers derived from satellite optical imagery. Remote Sensing of
Environment 95: 14-28.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Berthier, Etienne, Arnaud, Yves, Kumar, Rajesh, Ahmad, Sarfaraz, Wagnon, Patrick, and Chevallier, Pierre
(2007). Remote sensing estimates of glacier mass balances in the Himachal Pradesh (Western
Himalaya, India). Remote Sensing of Environment 108: 327-338.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Sevan, Michael J., Endres, Anthony L., Rudolph, David L., and Parkin, Gary (2003). The non-invasive
characterization of pumping-induced dewatering using ground penetrating radar: Recent Advances
in Aquifer Hydraulics and Their Applications to Aquifer and Vadose Zone Characterization,
Remediation, and Dewatering. Journal oj'Hydrology 281: 55-69.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Beyer, W. N. (1990). Evaluating Soil Contamination. US Fish Wildl Serv Biol Rep 90:1-Viii, 1-25.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Bhatt, K. ( 1997). Occurrence And Distribution Of Nitrate And Pesticides In Bowdle Aquifer, South Dakota.
Environmental Monitoring And Assessment 47: 223-237.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Bickford, G., Toll, J., Hansen, J., Baker, E., and Keessen, R. (1999). Aquatic Ecological And Human Health
Risk Assessment Of Chemicals In Wet Weather Discharges In The Sydney Region, New South
Wales, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 39: 335-345.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Biediger, D. L., Baumann, P. A., Weaver, D. N., Chandler, J. M., and Merkle, M. G. (1992). Interactions Between
Primisulfuron and Selected Soil-Applied Insecticides in Corn (Zea Mays). Weed Technol. 6: 807-
812.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TBO,CBL,CBF,CP Y,DZ,DS,FNF Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Bindlish, Raj at and Barros, Ana P. (2000). Multifrequency Soil Moisture Inversion from SAR Measurements
with the Use of IBM. Remote Sensing of Environment 71: 67-88.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Bindlish, Raj at and Barros, Ana P. (2001). Parameterization of vegetation backscatter in radar-based, soil
moisture estimation. Remote Sensing of Environment 16: 130-137.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Binelli, A., Ricciardi, F., Riva, C., and Provini, A. (2006). Integrated Use of Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation
Data in Zebra Mussel (Dreissena Polymorpha) for Site-Specific Quality Assessment. Biomarkers
11:428-448.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PHE,CHR,FA,FLA,ANT,PYR,NAPH,PCB,DDT,ACR,MTL,HCC,CPY Rejection Code:
SURVEY.
Binelli, A., Ricciardi, F., Riva, C., and Provini, A. (2006). Integrated Use of Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation
Data in Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) for Site-specific Quality Assessment. Biomarkers
11:428-448.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Binley, Andrew, Cassiani, Giorgio, Middleton, Roy, and Winship, Peter (2002). Vadose zone flow model
parameterisation using cross-borehole radar and resistivity imaging. Journal of Hydrology 267: 147-
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159.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Binley, Andrew, Winship, Peter, West, L. Jared, Pokar, Magdeline, and Middleton, Roy (2002). Seasonal
variation of moisture content in unsaturated sandstone inferred from borehole radar and resistivity
profiles. Journal of Hydrology 261: 160-172.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Birk, Ronald J., Stanley, Thomas, Snyder, Gregory L, Hennig, Thomas A., Fladeland, Matthew M, and
Policelli, Fritz (2003). Government programs for research and operational uses of commercial
remote sensing data: IKONOS Fine Spatial Resolution Land Observation. Remote Sensing of
Environment?,?,'. 3-16.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Birkett, C. M. (2000). Synergistic Remote Sensing of Lake Chad: Variability of Basin Inundation. Remote
Sensing of Environment 72: 218-236.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Bishop, C. A., Mahony, N. A., Struger, J., Ng, P., and Pettit, K. E. (1999). Anuran Development, Density And
Diversity In Relation To Agricultural Activity In The Holland River Watershed, Ontario, Canada
(1990-1992). Environmental Monitoring And Assessment 57': 21-43.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Bjerklie, David M., Moller, Delwyn, Smith, Laurence C., and Dingman, S. Lawrence (2005). Estimating
discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information. Journal of Hydrology 309: 191-
209.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Black, K. G. and Fenske, R. A. (1996). Dislodgeability Of Chlorpyrifos And Fluorescent Tracer Residues On
Turf: Comparison Of Wipe And Foliar Wash Sampling Techniques. Archives Of Environmental
Contamination And Toxicology 31: 563-570.
Rejection Code: HUM AN HEALTH.
Black, Kathleen G. (1993). An assessment of children's exposure to chlorpyrifos from contact with a treated
lawn. Avail: Univ. Microfilms Int. Order No. DA9333377From: Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1994, 54. 7.
3533.315pp.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Blasco, C., Font, G., PicÓ, and Y ( Solid-Phase Microextraction-Liquid Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry Applied to the Analysis of Insecticides in Honey. Food addit contam part a chem
anal control expo risk assess. 2008, jan; 25(l):59-69. [Food additives & contaminants. Part a,
chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment]: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal
Control Expo Risk Assess .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Blewett, T. C. and Krieger, R. I. (Field leaf-test kit for rapid determination of dislodgeable foliar residues of
organophosphate andN-methyl carbamate insecticides. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1990) 45:
120-4 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Blom, A., Harder, W., and Matin, A. (Unique and overlapping pollutant stress proteins of Escherichia coli.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1992) 58: 331-4 CODEN: AEMIDF; ISSN: 0099-2240.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Blondell, J. (1997). Epidemiology Of Pesticide Poisoning In The United States With Special Reference To
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Occupational Cases. Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia) 12: 209-220.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Bloomquist, J. R. (Insecticide Exposure in Parkinsonism. Govt reports announcements & index
(gra&i), issue 17, 2000.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Bloomquist, J. R. and Klein, B. G. (2006). Insecticide Exposure in Parkinsonism. Final Report.! Jan 1999 - 31
Dec 2005. Virginia Polytechnic Inst.andState Univ.Blacksburg, VA 89 p.
Rejection Code: REVEW.
Blumberg, D. G., Ronen, G., Ben-Asher, J., Freilikher, V., Vulfson, L. D., and Kotlyar, A. L. (2006). Utilizing a
P-band scatterometer to assess soil water saturation percent of a bare sandy soil. Journal of
Hydrology 318: 374-378.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Blumberg, Dan G. (2006). Analysis of large aeolian (wind-blown) bedforms using the Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation data. Remote Sensing of Environment 100: 179-189.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Blumberg, Dan G. and Freilikher, Valentin (2001). Soil water-content and surface roughness retrieval using
ERS-2 SAR data in the Negev Desert, Israel. Journal of Arid Environments 49: 449-464.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Blumton, A. K., Fraser, J. D., Young, R. W., Goodbred, S., Porter, S. L., and Luukkonen, D. L. (Pesticide and
PCB residues for loggerhead shrikes in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, 1985-88. Bull. Environ.
Contain. Toxicol. (1990) 45: 697-702 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Bogus, E. R., Watschke, T. L., and Mumma, R. 0. (1990). Utilization Of Solid-Phase Extraction And Reversed-
Phase And Ion-Pair Chromatography In The Analysis Of Seven Agrochemicals In Water. J Agric
Food Chem 3&: 142-144.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Bogusz, Maciej and Erkens, Manfred (1994). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
database of retention indices and UV spectra of lexicologically relevant substances and its
interlaboratory use. J. Chromatogr. A 674 : 97-126 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Boike, A. H. J. and Rathburn, C. B. Jr. (1969). Laboratory Tests of the Susceptibility of Mosquito Larvae to
Insecticides in Florida, 1968. Mosq.News 29: 392-395.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO DURATION.
Bolla-Wilson, K., Wilson, R. J., and Bleecker, M. L. (1988). Conditioning Of Physical Symptoms After
Neurotoxic Exposure. JOccup Med 30: 684-686.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Bollmohr, S., Day, J. A., and Schulz, R. (2007). Temporal variability in particle-associated pesticide exposure
in a temporarily open estuary, Western Cape, South Africa. Chemosphere 68: 479-488.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bollmohr, S., Schulz, R., and Hahn, T. (Interactive effect of salinity decrease, salinity adaptation, and
chlorpyrifos exposure on an estuarine harpacticoid copepod, Mesochra parva, in South Africa. In
Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
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Bollmohr, S., van den Brink, P. J., Wade, P. W., Schulz, R., and Day, J. A. ( Spatial and temporal variability in
particle-bound pesticide exposure and their effects on benthic community structure in a temporarily
open estuary. In Press, Uncorrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Bomser, Joshua A. and Casida, John E. (2001). Diethylphosphorylation of rat cardiac M2 muscarinic receptor
by chlorpyrifos oxon in vitro. Toxicology Letters 119: 21-26.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Bomser, Joshua A., Quistad, Gary B., and Casida, John E. (2002). Chlorpyrifos Oxon Potentiates
Diacylglycerol-Induced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK 44/42) Activation, Possibly by
Diacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 178: 29-36.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Bonacci, Stefano, Browne, Mark A., Dissanayake, Awantha, Hagger, Josephine A., Corsi, Ilaria, Focardi,
Silvano, and Galloway, Tamara S. (2004). Esterase activities in the bivalve mollusc Adamussium
colbecki as a biomarker for pollution monitoring in the Antarctic marine environment. Marine
Pollution Bulletin 49: 445-455.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Bonnet, Christine, Andreescu, Silvana, and Marty, Jean-Louis (2003). Adsorption: an easy and efficient
immobilisation of acetylcholinesterase on screen-printed electrodes. Analytica ChimicaActa 481:
209-211.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Boone, J. S. and Chambers, J. E. (1997). Biochemical Factors Contributing to Toxicity Differences Among
Chlorpyrifos, Parathion, and Methyl Parathion in Mosquitofish (Gambusia Affinis). Aquat.Toxicol.
39: 333-343.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Boone, J. Scott and Chambers, Janice E. (Biochemical factors contributing to toxicity differences among
chlorpyrifos, parathion, and methyl parathion in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Aquat. Toxicol.
(1997) 39: 333-343 CODEN: AQTODG; ISSN: 0166-445X.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Bora, Tarun K. and Bezbaruah, Balamani ( Characterization and pesticide concentration tolerance of cellulolytic
bacteria from tea soils. Indian J. Microbiol. (1986) 26: 278-87 CODEN: IJMBAC; ISSN: 0046-
8991.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Borchert, D. M. and Walgenbach, J. F. (2000). Comparison of Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption and
Conventional Insecticides for Manangement of Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 93: 769-776.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,MP,DMT,PSM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Borga, Marco (2002). Accuracy of radar rainfall estimates for streamflow simulation. Journal of Hydrology
267: 26-39.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bosch, J. A , Schofield, 0. M, Kohut, J. T, and Glenn, S. M (2006). East Coast Plumes and Blooms: Monitoring
on-Ramp Traffic to the Ocean Highway Off New Jersey.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bourgine, Bernard and Baghdadi, Nicolas (2005). Assessment of C-band SRTM DEM in a dense equatorial
forest zone. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 337: 1225-1234.
-------
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bourgoin, Laurence Maurice, Bonnet, Marie-Paule, Martinez, Jean-Michel, Kosuth, Pascal, Cochonneau,
Gerard, Moreira-Turcq, Patricia, Guyot, Jean-Loup, Vauchel, Philippe, Filizola, Naziano, and
Seyler, Patrick (2007). Temporal dynamics of water and sediment exchanges between the Curuai
floodplain and the Amazon River, Brazil. Journal of Hydrology 335: 140-156.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bouvier, Christophe, Cisneros, Leonardo, Dominguez, Ramon, Laborde, Jean-Pierre, and Lebel, Thierry (2003).
Generating rainfall fields using principal components (PC) decomposition of the covariance matrix:
a case study in Mexico City. Journal of Hydrology 278: 107-120.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Bowen, H. Mh, Cutler, J. R., and Craigie, I. R. (1982). A Survey Of Sheep Dip Usage In Scotland Uk In 1978.
PesticScil3: 563-574.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Bowler, Neill E. H., Pierce, Clive E., and Seed, Alan (2004). Development of a precipitation nowcasting
algorithm based upon optical flow techniques: Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting II. Journal of
Hydrology 288: 7'4-91.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Bowman, B. T. and Sans, W. W. (Effect Of Temperature On The Water Solubility Of Insecticides. J Environ
Sci Health Part BPestic Food ContamAgric Wastes; 20 (6). 1985 (Reed. 1986). 625-632.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Bowman, B. T. and Sans, W. W. (1985). Partitioning Behavior Of Insecticides In Soil-Water Systems 1.
Adsorbent Concentration Effects. J Environ Qual 14: 265-269.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Bowmer, K., Korth, W., Thomas, M., and Mccorkelle, G. (1994). River Pollution With Agricultural Chemicals.
Roberts, J. AndR. Oliver (Ed.). The Murrumbidgee: Past And Present A Forum On Past And
Present Research On The Lower Murrumbidgee River, Griffith, New South Wales, Australia, April
199. V+125p. Csiro Publications: East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Isbn 0-643-05660-2.; 0: 7-19.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Boxall, A. B. A., Brown, C. D., and Barrett, K. L. (2002). Higher-Tier Laboratory Methods for Assessing the
Aquatic Toxicity of Pesticides. Pest Manag.Sci. 58: 637-648.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Zn,NYP,PCP,ATZ,Cu,CPY,TXP,PRN,HCCH Rejection
Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Bradman, A., Whitaker, D., QuirÓ, S, L., Castorina, R., Henn, B. C., Nishioka, M., Morgan, J., Barr, D.
B., Harnly, M., Brisbin, J. A., Sheldon, L. S., Mckone, T. E., and Eskenazi, B. (Pesticides and Their
Metabolites in the Homes and Urine of Farmworker Children Living in the Salinas Valley, Ca. J
expo sci environ epidemiol. 2007, jul; 17(4):331-49. [Journal of exposure science & environmental
epidemiology]: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Bradman, M. Asa, Harnly, Martha E., Draper, William, Seidel, Sharon, Teran, Suzanne, Wakeham, Diane, and
Neutra, Raymond (Pesticide exposures to children from California's central valley: results of a pilot
study. J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. (1997) 7: 217-234 CODEN: JEAEE9; ISSN: 1053-
4245.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Brady, U. E., Tippins, R., Perry, J., Young, J. R., and Wauchope, R. D ( Chlorpyrifos exposure of workers
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entering sweet corn after chemigation. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1991) 46: 343-50 CODEN:
BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Brandt-Rauf, P. W., Andrews, L. R., and Schwarz-Miller, J. (1991). Sick-Hospital Syndrome. JOccupMed33:
737-739.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Braun, H. E. and Frank, R. (1980). Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Insecticides: Their Use in Eleven
Agricultural Watersheds and Their Loss to Stream Waters in Southern Ontario, Canada, 1975-1977.
Sci.Total Environ. 15: 169-192.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO DURATION/SURVEY.
Breckenridge, Charles B., Sielken, Robert L. Jr., and Stevens, James T. ( Aggregate and cumulative exposure
and risk assessment. ACS Symp. Ser. (1999) 734: 38-67 CODEN: ACSMC8; ISSN: 0097-6156.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Breivik, Oyvind and Saetra, Oyvind (2001). Real time assimilation of HF radar currents into a coastal ocean
model. Journal oj'Marine Systems 28: 161-182.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Brekke, Camilla and Solberg, Anne H. S. (2005). Oil spill detection by satellite remote sensing. Remote
Sensing of Environment 95: 1-13.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Brenner, F. E., Bond, G. G., Mclaren, E. A., Greene, S., and Cook, R. R. (Morbidity among employees
engaged in the manufacture or formulation of chlorpyrifos. Br. J. Ind. Med. (1989) 46: 133-7
CODEN: BJIMAG; ISSN: 0007-1072.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Brewster, M. A., Rupe, W., and Rafferty, M. H. (1992). Small Area Pesticides Data: Multiplicity and Variability
of Pesticide Usage on Southern Row Crops. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 23: 289-294.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ACP,ADC,AZ,CBL,CBF,CPY,DCTP,DMT,FNV,MLN,MDT,MOM,MP,PMR,BMY,Captan,CBX,
CLNB,CTN,MZB,Maneb,THM,PMT,DMB,OYZ,ACF,CZE,DSMA,PPN,TBC,TFN,24D,24DB,AC
R,BT,DU,GYP,LNR,MFD,MTL,MLT,NFZ,PAQT,PDM,MSMA,NPM,ODZ,SPS,TXP,PNB,TBA,T
PE,SZ,FMU,MBZ Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Brewster, M. A., Rupe, W., and Rafferty, M. H. (1992). Small Area Pesticides Data: Multiplicity and Variability
of Pesticide Usage on Southern Row Crops. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 23: 289-294.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ACP,ADC,AZ,CBL,CBF,CPY,DCTP,DMT,FNV,MLN,MDT,MOM,MP,PMR,BMY,Captan,CBX,
CLNB,CTN,MZB,Maneb,THM,PMT,DMB,OYZ,ACF,CZE,DSMA,PPN,TBC,TFN,24D,24DB,AC
R,BT,DU,GYP,LNR,MFD,MTL,MLT,NFZ,PAQT,PDM,MSMA,NPM,ODZ,SPS,TXP,PNB,TBA,T
PE,SZ,FMU,MBZ Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Brewster, Marge A., Rupe, Wayne, and Rafferty, Mary H. ( Small area pesticides data: multiplicity and
variability of pesticide usage on southern row crops. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1992) 23:
289-94 CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Briggs, J. A., Riley, M. B., and Whitwell, T. (1995). Remediation Of The Pollutant Content Of Runoff Water
From A Containerized Plant Nursery. 55th Annual Meeting Of The American Society For
Horticultural Science (Southern Region), New Orleans, Louisiana, Lisa, January 28-31, 1995.
Hortscience 30: 433.
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Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Briggs, J. A., Riley, M. B., and Whitwell, T. (1998). Quantification And Remediation Of Pesticides In Runoff
Water From Containerized Plant Production. Journal Of Environmental Quality 27: 814-820.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Brimijoin, Stephen (2005). Can cholinesterase inhibitors affect neural development?: The Ninth Meeting of the
International Neurotoxicology Association (INA). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
19: 429-432.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Britson, C. A. and Threlkeld, S. T. (1998). Abundance, Metamorphosis, Developmental, and Behavioral
Abnormalities in Hyla Chrysoscelis Tadpoles Following Exposure to Three Agrichemicals and
Methyl Mercury in Outdoor Mesocosms. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 61: 154-161.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ.MSMA.CPY.Hg Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Britt, Janice K., Dwinell, Steven E., and McDowell, Ted C. (Matrix decision procedure to assess new
pesticides based on relative groundwater leaching potential and chronic toxicity. Environ. Toxicol.
Chem. (1992) 11: 721-8 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Broad specificity antibodies against organophosphates or antibiotics. PCT Int. Appl. 24 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Bromilow, R. H., De Carvalho, R. F., Evans, A. A., and Nicholls, P. H. (2006). Behavior of Pesticides in
Sediment/Water Systems in Outdoor Mesocosms. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 41: 1-16.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFC,PMR,MCPP1,PDM,LNR Rejection Code:
FATE/MIXTURE.
Bromilow, R. H., De Carvalho, R. F., Evans, A. A., and Nicholls, P. H. (2006). Behavior of Pesticides in
Sediment/Water Systems in Outdoor Mesocosms. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 41: 1-16.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DFC,PMR,MCPP1,PDM,LNR Rejection Code:
FATE/MIXTURE.
Brooks, M. W., Tessier, D., Soderstrom, D., Jenkins, J., and Clark, J. M. (1990). A Rapid Method For The
Simultaneous Analysis Of Chlorpyrifos, Isofenphos, Carbaryl, Iprodione, And Triadimefon In
Groundwater By Solid-Phase Extraction. J Chromatogr Sci 28: 487-489.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Brough, E. J., Frank, B., Page, F., and Lindsay, S. (1996). Integrated Mite Control in Apples in Queensland,
Australia. Agric.Ecosyst.Environ. 60: 129-137.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FVL,CTZ,CPY,Ziram,MZB Rejection Code: NO EFFECT.
Brough, E. J., Frank, B., Page, F., and Lindsay, S. (1996). Integrated Mite Control in Apples in Queensland,
Australia. Agric.Ecosyst.Environ.: (ScienceDirect 1995-Present) 60: 129-137.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FVL,CTZ,CPY,Ziram,MZB Rejection Code: NO EFFECT.
Brown Iain (2006). Modelling Future Landscape Change on Coastal Floodplains Using a Rule-Based Gis.
Environmental Modelling & Software [Environ. Model. Software]. Vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1479-1490.
Oct 2006.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Brown, M. A. and Brix, K. A. (1998). Review Of Health Consequences For High-, Intermediate- And Low-
Level Exposure To Organophosphorus Nerve Agents. Journal Of Applied Toxicology 18: 393-408.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
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Bruneau, A. H., Watkins, J. E., and Brandenburg, R. L. (1992). Integrated Pest Management. In:
D.V.Waddington, R.N.Carrow, and R.C.Shearman (Eds.), Agronomy No.32, Turfgrass, Am.Soc.of
Agron.Inc., Crop Sci.Soc.ofAm., Soil Sci.Soc.of Am.Inc., Madison, WI501-534.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBL,EP,IFP,CPY,DZ,IZF,TCF,BDC Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Bruun Christiansen, Merete, Koch, Wolfgang, Horstmann, Jochen, Bay Hasager, Charlotte, and Nielsen,
Morten (2006). Wind resource assessment from C-band SAR. Remote Sensing of Environment 105:
68-81.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Brzak, Kathy A., Harms, Daniel W., Bartels, Michael J., and Nolan, Richard J. (Determination of chlorpyrifos,
chlorpyrifos oxon, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2- pyridinol in rat and human blood. J. Anal. Toxicol. (1998)
22: 203-210 CODEN: JATOD3; ISSN: 0146-4760.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Buchert, Arne and Engell, Karen Margrethe (Pesticide residues in Danish foods 1996. Publ. -
Levnedsmiddelstyr. (Den.) (1998) 243, i-v, 1-57 CODEN: PULEE4; ISSN: 0901-4322.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Buckley, T. J., Liddle, J., Ashley, D. L., Paschal, D. C., Burse, V. W., Needham, L. L., and Akland, G. (1997).
Environmental And Biomarker Measurements In Nine Homes In The Lower Rio Grande Valley:
Multimedia Results For Pesticides, Metals, Pahs, And Vocs. Environment International 23: 705-
732.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Bucur, Bogdan, Danet, Andrei Florin, and Marty, Jean-Louis (2004). Versatile method of cholinesterase
immobilisation via affinity bonds using Concanavalin A applied to the construction of a screen-
printed biosensor: Special Issue in Honour of Professor Pierre Coulet. Biosensors and
Bioelectronics 20: 217-225.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Budd, W. T. , Roberts, J. W., and Ruby, M. G. (Field Evaluation Of A High Volume Surface Sampler For
Pesticides In Floor Dust. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 12, 1990.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Bukowski, J. A. and Meyer, L. W. ( Simulated Air Levels Of Volatile Organic Compounds Following Different
Methods Of Indoor Insecticide Application. Environmental Science And Technology, Vol. 29, No. 3,
Pages 673-676, 14 References, 1995.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Bulacio, Liliana Gladys and Panelo, Marta Susana (Evaluation of safety procedures in handling of
phytosanitary products for extensive farming in two areas of Argentina. Ada Toxicol. Argent.
(1999) 7: 32-35 CODEN: ATARFL; ISSN: 0327-9286.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Bump, Joseph K. and Lovvorn, James R. (2004). Effects of lead structure in Bering Sea pack ice on the flight
costs of wintering spectacled eiders. Journal of Marine Systems 50: 113-139.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Bumpus, J. A., Kakar, S. N, and Coleman, R. D. (1993). Fungal Degradation of Organophosphorous Insecticides.
Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol. 39/40: 715-726.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FNF,TBO,CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Bumpus, J. A., Kakar, S. N., and Coleman, R. D. (1993). Fungal Degradation of Organophosphorous Insecticides.
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Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol. 39/40: 715-726.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FNF,TBO,CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Bumpus, J. A., Kakar, S. N., and Coleman, R. D. (1993). Fungal Degradation Of Organophosphorous
Insecticides. Fourteenth Symposium On Biotechnology For Fuels And Chemicals, Gatlinburg,
Tennessee, Usa, May 11-15, 1992. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 39-40: 715-726.
Rejection Code: CHEM EFFECT.
Buratti, F. M. and Testai, E. (Evidences for Cyp3a4 Autoactivation in the Desulfuration of Dimethoate by the
Human Liver. Toxicology. 2007, nov 20; 241(l-2):33-46. [Toxicology]: Toxicology.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Burbey, T. J. (2003). Use of time-subsidence data during pumping to characterize specific storage and hydraulic
conductivity of semi-confining units: Recent Advances in Aquifer Hydraulics and Their
Applications to Aquifer and Vadose Zone Characterization, Remediation, and Dewatering. Journal
of Hydrology 281:3-22.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Burgoyne, W. E. (1968). Studies of Effects of Dursban and Fenthion Insecticides on Wildlife. Down Earth 24:
31-33.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO EFFECT.
Burn, J. D. and Leighton, F. A. (1996). Further Studies Of Brain Cholinesterase: Cholinergic Receptor Ratios In
The Diagnosis Of Acute Lethal Poisoning Of Birds By Anticholinesterase Pesticides. Journal Of
Wildlife Diseases 32: 216-224.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Burns, Carol J., Cartmill, Janice B., Powers, Brian S., and Lee, Marcia K. (Update of the morbidity experience
of employees potentially exposed to chlorpyrifos. Occup. Environ. Med. (1998) 55: 65-70 CODEN:
OEMEEM;ISSN: 1351-0711.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Burrell, R. (Immunotoxic Reactions In The Agricultural Environment. Annals Of Agricultural And
Environmental Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 1, Pages 11-20, 78 References, 1995.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Burridge, L. E. and Haya, K. ( The use of a fugacity model to assess the risk of pesticides to the aquatic
environment on Prince Edward Island. Adv. Environ. Sci. Technol. (1988) 22: 193-203 CODEN:
AESTC9; ISSN: 0065-2563.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Burridge, L. E. and Haya, K. (1987). The Use Of A Fugacity Model To Assess Risk To Aquatic Animals Of
Agricultural Pesticides Uses On Prince Edward Island Canada. Thirteenth Annual Aquatic Toxicity
Workshop, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, November 12-14, 1986. Can Tech Rep FishAquat
SciO: 136-140.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Burridge, L. E., Haya, K., and Zitko, V. (An assessment and perception of the hazards of pesticide use in the
aquatic environment. Int. J. Environ. Pollut. (1991) 1: 51-4 CODEN: IJVLEN; ISSN: 0957-4352.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
But, J. S. and Ebell, G. F. (1995). Organic Pollutants In Mussels And Sediments Of The Coastal Waters Off
Perth, Western Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30: 723-732.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Bush, P. B., Taylor, J. W., Mcmahon, C. K., and Neary, D. G. (1987). Residues Of Lindane And Chlorpyrifos
In Firewood And Woodsmoke. JEntomol Sci 22: 131-139.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Byers, M. E., Kamble, S. T., and Witkowski, J. F. (Assessing insecticide drift during and after center-pivot
chemigation to corn using glass plates and gauze pads. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (2000) 65:
522-529 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA/CHEM METHOD.
Byers, M. E., Kamble, S. T., and Witkowski, J. F. (1993). Drift During Center-Pivot Chemigation Of
Chlorpyrifos With And Without Crop Oil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 51: 60-67.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Byers, M. E., Kamble, S. T., Witkowski, J. F., and Echtenkamp, G. (Exposure Of A Mixer-Loader To
Insecticides Applied To Corn Via A Center-Pivot Irrigation System. Bulletin Of Environmental
Contamination And Toxicology, Vol. 49, No. 1, Pages 58-65, 18 References, 1992.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Byford, R. L., Lockwood, J. A., Smith, S. M., Harmon, C. W., Johnson, C. C., Luther, D. G., Morris, H. F., and
Penny, A. J. (1986). Insecticide Residues in Cattle Treated With a Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos,
Piperonyl Butoxide-Impregnated Ear Tag. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 37: 692-697 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,PPB Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Byrne, Sandra, Shurdut, Bradley A., and Saunders, Donald G. (Potential Chlorpyrifos exposure to residents
following standard crack and crevice treatment. Environ. Health Perspect. (1998) 106: 725-731
CODEN: EVHPAZ; ISSN: 0091-6765.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Cabras, P. and Angioni, A. (2000). Pesticide Residues In Grapes, Wine, And Their Processing Products.
Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 48: 967-973.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Calderon, R. L. (2000). Measuring Risks In Humans: The Promise And Practice Of Epidemiology. Food And
Chemical Toxicology 38: S59-S63.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
California Dep.of Fish and Game (1994). Hazard Assessment of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos to Aquatic
Organisms in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River System. Admin.Rep.94-1, Calif.Dep.Fish Game,
Environ.Serv.Div., Sacramento, CA 74 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Calkins, C. 0. (Minor Use Pesticide Residue Investigations. Fedrip Database, National Technical Information
Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Callaghan, A., Hirthe, G., Fisher, T., and Crane, M. (2001). Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on
Developmental Parameters and Biochemical Biomarkers in Chironomus Riparius Meigen.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 50: 19-24.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT CONC.
Camann, D. E., Majumdar, T. K., and Geno, P. W. (Evaluation of Saliva and Artificial Salivary Fluids for
Removal of Pesicide Residues From Human Skin. Govt reports announcements & index
(gra&i), issue 17, 2000.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Camann, David E., Majumdar, Tapan K., Harding, H. Jac, Ellenson, William D., and Lewis, Robert G. (1996).
Transfer efficiency of pesticides from carpet to saliva-moistened hands. Meets. Toxic Relat. Air
Pollut.Proc. Int. Spec. Conf. Publisher: Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, Pa 532-
540.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Camel, V. (1997). The Determination Of Pesticide Residues And Metabolites Using Supercritical Fluid
Extraction. Trends In Analytical Chemistry 16: 351-369.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Camel, V. (1998). Supercritical Fluid Extraction As A Useful Method For Pesticides Determination. Analusis
26:M99-M111.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Camel, V. (1997). The Determination of Pesticide Residues and Metabolites Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction.
Trends Anal.Chem. 16: 351-369.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
MXC,PN,BPCB,HCB,DS,DMT,AZ,CMPH,FNT,FMP,PRN,CPY,ETN,MP,PIRM,MTM,MW,EP,P
RT,OMT,TBO,PPHD,MDT,PSM,FNF,CTN,DCPA,ES,DDE,DDT,PSM Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Canesi, L., Borghi, C., Gallo, G., CaprD, F., Viarengo, A., and Dondero, F. (2008). Effects of the
Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyriphos on the Responses of Mytilus Digestive Gland to the
Natural Estrogen 17[beta]-Estradiol. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.A 151: S3 (doi:
10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.047)(ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Cantilli, R. (Drinking Water Health Advisory For Chlorpyrifos. Govt Reports Announcements & Index
(Gra&I), Issue 09, 1992.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Cantillo, A. Y., Lauenstein, G. G., and O'connor, T. P. (1997). Mollusc And Sediment Contaminant Levels And
Trends In South Florida Coastal Waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34: 511-521.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Cao, C. J., Mioduszewski, R. J., Menking, D. E., Valdes, J. J., Katz, E. J., Eldefrawi, M. E., and Eldefrawi, A.
T. ( Cytotoxicity of organophosphate anticholinesterases. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.: Anim. (1999) 35:
493-500 CODEN: IVCAED; ISSN: 1071-2690.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Caragay, Ruben N. and Sumino, Kimiaki ( A study of some pesticide residues in fish in a Philippine village.
ICMRAnn. (1984) 4, 41-51 CODEN: ICMRDE.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Carbognin, Laura, Teatini, Pietro, and Tosi, Luigi (2004). Eustacy and land subsidence in the Venice Lagoon at
the beginning of the new millennium: Lagoon of Venice. Circulation, Water Exchange and
Ecosystem Functioning. Journal of Marine Systems 51: 345-353.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Cardellach, Estel, Ruffini, Giulio, Pino, David, Rius, Antonio, Komjathy, Attila, and Garrison, James L. (2003).
Mediterranean Balloon Experiment: ocean wind speed sensing from the stratosphere, using GPS
reflections. Remote Sensing of'Environment 88: 351-362.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Garden, P. W. (1987). Supervised Control of Apple Pest in Southern England. Crop Prot. 6: 234-243.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY.DDT.AZ.CBL.PMR Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Garden, P. W. (1987). Supervised Control of Apple Pest in Southern England. Crop Prot. 6: 234-243.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Carey, A. E. and Kutz, F. W. (1985). Trends In Ambient Concentrations Of Agrochemicals In Humans And The
Environment Of The Usa. EnvironMonit Assess 5: 155-164.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Carpenter, Theresa M. and Georgakakos, Konstantine P. (2004). Continuous streamflow simulation with the
HRCDHM distributed hydrologic model: The Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP).
Journal of Hydrology 298: 61-79.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Carpenter, Theresa M. and Georgakakos, Konstantine P. (2004). Impacts of parametric and radar rainfall
uncertainty on the ensemble streamflow simulations of a distributed hydrologic model: The
Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP). Journal of Hydrology 298: 202-221.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Carpenter, Theresa M. and Georgakakos, Konstantine P. (2006). Discretization scale dependencies of the
ensemble flow range versus catchment area relationship in distributed hydrologic modeling:
Measurement and Parameterization of Rainfall Microstructure. Journal of Hydrology 328: 242-257.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Carpenter, Theresa M. and Georgakakos, Konstantine P. (2006). Intercomparison of lumped versus distributed
hydrologic model ensemble simulations on operational forecast scales. Journal of Hydrology 329:
174-185.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Carpenter, Theresa M., Georgakakos, Konstantine P., and Sperfslagea, Jason A. (2001). On the parametric and
NEXRAD-radar sensitivities of a distributed hydrologic model suitable for operational use. Journal
oj'Hydrology 253: 169-193.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Carpy, S. A., Kobel, W., and Doe, J. (2000). Health Risk Of Low-Dose Pesticides Mixtures: A Review Of The
1985-1998 Literature On Combination Toxicology And Health Risk Assessment. Journal Of
Toxicology And Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 3: 1 -25.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Carr, R. L. and Chambers, J. E. (1996). Kinetic Analysis of the in Vitro Inhibition, Aging, and Reactivation of
Brain Acetylcholinesterase From Rat and Channel Catfish by Paraoxon and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 139: 365-373.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Carr, R. L., Ho, L. L., and Chambers, J. E. (1997). Selective Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Several Species of Fish
During an Environmental Exposure: Biochemical Mechanisms. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 2369-
2374.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO/NO CONC.
Carr, Russell L., Ho, Lin Lin, and Chambers, Janice E. ( Selective toxicity of chlorpyrifos to several species of
fish during an environmental exposure: biochemical mechanisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1997)
16: 2369-2374 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: NO CONC/IN VITRO.
Caruso, F. L. and Ramsdell, D. C. (1995). Compendium Of Blueberry And Cranberry Diseases. Caruso, F. L.
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And D. C. Ramsdell (Ed.). Compendium Of Blueberry And Cranberry Diseases. Vi+87p. American
Phytopathological Society (Aps) Press: St. Paul, Minnesota, Usa. Isbn 0-89054-173-6. 0: Vi+87p.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Carvalho, Fernando P., Villeneuve, Jean Pierre, Cattini, C., Rend
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1952.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Cetinkaya, Mehmet (Pesticide residues in essential oils. Parfuem. Kosmet. (1996) 77: 418-419 CODEN:
PAKOAL; ISSN: 0031-1952.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Chambers, Howard, Brown, Brenda, and Chambers, Janice E. (Noncatalytic detoxication of six
organophosphorus compounds by rat liver homogenates. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. (1990) 36: 308-
15 CODEN: PCBPBS; ISSN: 0048-3575.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Chambers, J. E. and Carr, R. L. (1995). Biochemical Mechanisms Contributing to Species Differences in
Insecticidal Toxicity. Toxicology 105: 291-304.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MP,DS,PRN,CPY Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Chambers, J. E. and Carr, R. L. (1995). Biochemical Mechanisms Contributing To Species Differences In
Insecticidal Toxicity. Toxicology 105: 291-304.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Chambers, J. E., Boone, J. S., Davis, M. K., Moran, J. E., and Tyler, J. W. ( Assessing Transferable Residues
From Intermittent Exposure to Flea Control Collars Containing the Organophosphate Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos. J expo sci environ epidemiol. 2007, nov; 17(7):656-66. [Journal of exposure science
& environmental epidemiology]: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Chambers, Janice E. and Chambers, Howard W. ( Oxidative desulfuration of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl,
and leptophos by rat brain and liver. J. Biochem. Toxicol. (1989) 4: 201-3 CODEN: JBTOEB;
ISSN: 0887-2082.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Chanda, S. M. and Pope, C. N. ( Correlation Of Long-Term Neurochemical Changes With Distribution Of
Chlorpyrifos And Its Metabolites In Maternal And Fetal Rat Brain. Faseb J1995Mar;9(4):A664.
Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Chandler, G. T., Coull, B. C., Schizas, N. V., and Donelan, T. L. (1997). A Culture-Based Assessment of the
Effects of Chloropyrifos on Multiple Meiobenthic Copepods Using Microcosms of Intact Estuarine
Sediments. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16 : 2339-2346.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT/SEDIMENT CONC.
Chandler, G. Thomas, Coull, Bruce C., Schizas, Nicholaos V., and Donelan, Teresa L. ( A culture-based
assessment of the effects of chlorpyrifos on multiple meiobenthic copepods using microcosms of
intact estuarine sediments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1997) 16: 2339-2346 CODEN: ETOCDK;
ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: SEDIMENT.
Chapalamadugu, S. and Chaudhry, G. R. (1992). Microbiological And Biotechnological Aspects Of Metabolism
Of Carbamates And Organophosphates. Crit Rev Biotechnol 12: 357-389.
Rejection Code: MODEL/CHEM EFFECT.
Chaplot, Vincent, Walter, Christian, Curmi, Pierre, Hollier-Larousse, Alain, and Robain, Henri (2004).
Combining geophysical methods to estimate the spatial distribution of soils affected by water
saturation. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 336: 553-560.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
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Chapman, J. W., Smith, A. D., Woiwod, I. P., Reynolds, D. R., and Riley, J. R. (2002). Development of
vertical-looking radar technology for monitoring insect migration. Computers and Electronics in
Agriculture 35: 95-110.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Chapman, P. M. (1999). Environmental Quality Guidelines Provide Guidance Not Goals. Proceedings Of The
26th Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, October 04-06,
1999.ycanadian Technical Report Of Fisheries And Aquatic Sciences 0:1.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Chapman, P. M. (2000). Why Are We Still Emphasizing Chemical Screening-Level Numbers? Marine
Pollution Bulletin 40: 465-466.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Chapman, R. A. and Chapman, P. C. (Persistence Of Granular And EC Formulations Of Chlorpyrifos In A
Mineral And An Organic Soil Incubated In Open And Closed Containers. J Environ Sci Health Part
BPesticFoodContamAgric Wastes; 21 (6). 1986 (Reed. 1987). 447-456.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Charizopoulos, E. and Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, E. (1999). Occurrence Of Pesticides In Rain Of The Axios
River Basin, Greece. Environmental Science & Technology 33: 2363-2368.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Charpentier, A., Menozzi, P., Marcel, V., Villatte, F., and Fournier, D. (2000). A Method to Estimate
Acetylcholinesterase-Active Sites and Turnover in Insects. Anal.Biochem. 285: 76-81.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Chatterjee, R. S., Fruneau, Benedicte, Rudant, J. P., Roy, P. S., Prison, Pierre-Louis, Lakhera, R. C., Dadhwal,
V. K., and Saha, Ranajit (2006). Subsidence of Kolkata (Calcutta) City, India during the 1990s as
observed from space by Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (D-InSAR) technique.
Remote Sensing of Environment 102: 176-185.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Chee, K. K., Wong, M. K., and Lee, H. K. (1996). Microwave-Assisted Solvent Elution Technique For The
Extraction Of Organic Pollutants In Water. Analytica ChimicaActa 330: 217-227.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Cheikh, H. Ben, Marrakchi, M., and Pasteur, N. (Detection of very high resistance to chlorpyrifos and
permethrin in a population of Culex pipiens in Tunisia. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis (1995) 72: 7-12
CODEN: APTUAO; ISSN: 0020-2509.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Chelliah, S. and Bharathi, M. (1985). Rice Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal): Status and
Strategies in Management. In: S.Jayaraj (Ed.), Integrated Pest and Disease Management,
Natl.Semin., Sept. 1984, Coimbatore, India, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore, India 34-53.
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Chelliah, S. and Bharathi, M. (1985). Rice Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata Lugens (Stal.): Status and Strategies
in Management. In: S.Jayaraj (Ed.), Integrated Pest and Disease Management, Natl.Semin.,
Sept.1984, Coimbatore, India, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore, India 34-53.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FNV,PMR,CP Y,PPHD,CBF,DZ,DCM,MP Rejection Code:
REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Chen, K. S. , Wang, J. T., and Mitnik, Leonid M. (2001). Satellite and ground observations of the evolution of
Typhoon Herb near Taiwan. Remote Sensing of Environment 75: 397-411.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Chen, S., Zhong, C., and Zhao, X. (1998). Absorption, Distribution, Dynamics of 14c-Chlorpyrifos in Several
Kinds of Animals and Plants in Fresh Water Ecosystem. Acta Agric.Nucleatae Sin. 12: 286-292
(CHI) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Cheng, C. Y., Sumner, P. L., Fuller, C. B., and Ernest, A. N. (1998). Aquatic Sediments. Water Environment
Research 70: 780-807.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Cheng, D. F., Wu, K. M, Tian, Z., Wen, L. P., and Shen, Z. R. (2002). Acquisition and analysis of migration
data from the digitised display of a scanning entomological radar. Computers and Electronics in
Agriculture 35: 63-75.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Chernyak, S. M., Rice, C. P., and Mcconnell, L. L. (1996). Evidence Of Currently-Used Pesticides In Air, Ice,
Fog, Seawater And Surface Microlayer In The Bering And Chukchi Seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin
32:410-419.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Chiang, Yen-Ming, Chang, Fi-John, Jou, Ben Jong-Dao, and Lin, Pin-Fang (2007). Dynamic ANN for
precipitation estimation and forecasting from radar observations. Journal of Hydrology 334: 250-
261.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Chiarenzelli, J. R., Scrudato, R. J., Rafferty, D. E., Wunderlich, M. L., Roberts, R. N., Pagano, J. J., and Yates,
M. (1995). Photocatalytic Degradation Of Simulated Pesticide Rinsates In Water And Water+Soil
Matrices. Chemosphere 30: 173-185.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Childers, C. C., Easterbrook, M. A., and Solomon, M. G. (1996). Chemical Control of Eriophyoid Mites. In:
E.E.Lindquist, M.W.Sabelis, and J.Bruin (Eds.), World Crop Pests, Volume 6, Eriophyoid Mites:
Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Elsevier Sci.Publ, Amsterdam, Netherlands 6: 695-
726.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
SFR,DCF,OTQ,PPG,ETN,FTT,Zineb,MZB,BMY,FO,HTX,DFZ,ABM,AMZ,CAP,CPY,PYT,CBL,
DM,DCF,ES,FPP,FPY,FCX,PIRM,PRB,TFY,DINO,FRM,TDF,PHSL,PRT,DDT,MDT,Maneb,Folp
et,TFR,MLX,Captan,CHX,EN,DDVP,PPHD,OXD,DMT,OMT,DCTP,DZ,ADC,OML,BFT,FYT,FU
L,PPX,MCB,CTZ,HFR Rejection Code: REVIEW .
Chiou, C. T. (1990). Roles Of Organic Matter Minerals And Moisture In Sorption Of Nonionic Compounds
And Pesticides By Soil. Maccarthy, P., EtAl. (Ed.). Humic Substances In Soil And Crop Sciences:
Selected Readings Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, Usa, December 2, 1985. Xvii+281p. American
Society Of Agronomy, Inc.; Soil Science Society Of America, Inc.: Madison, Wisconsin, Usa. Illus.
Isbn 0-89118-104-0.; 0: 111-160.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Chiou, C. T., Freed, V. H., Schmedding, D. W., and Kohnert, R. L. (1977). Partition Coefficient and
Bioaccumulation of Selected Organic Chemicals. Environ.Sci.Technol. 11: 475-478.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Chlorpyrifos. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 03, 2003.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
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Cho, S. K., Abd El-Aty, A. M, Jeon, H. R., Choi, J. H., Shin, H. C., and Shim, J. H. ( Comparison of Different
Extraction Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Pesticide Residues in Kiwi Fruit Using
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Biomedchromatogr. 2008, jul; 22(7):727-35.
[Biomedical chromatography : bmcj: Biomed Chromatogr.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Cho, T. M., Rose, R. L., and Hodgson, E. ( The Effect of Chlorpyrifos-Oxon and Other Xenobiotics on the
Human Cytochrome P450-Dependent Metabolism of Naphthalene and Deet. Drug metabol drug
interact. 2007; 22(4):235-62. [Drug metabolism and drug interactions]: Drug Metabol Drug
Interact.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Cho, Yuko, Matsuoka, Nancy, and Kamiya, Akira (Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in biological
samples of acute poisoning by HPLC with diode-array detector. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (1997) 45:
737-740 CODEN: CPBTAL; ISSN: 0009-2363.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Choi, Eui Ju, Kim, Young Kook, and Roh, Jung Koo ( Genetic toxicity of pesticides used in Korea on
***Salmonella*** typhimurium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Environ. Mutagens Carcinog.
(1985) 5: 11-18 CODEN: EMCAE8.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA/YEAST.
Chopra, N. M. and Zuniga, T. H. ( The fate of chlorpyrifos on tobacco during smoking. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int.
(1990) 14: 387-91 CODEN: BTAID3; ISSN: 0173-783X.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Chou C-H, S. J., Holler, J., and De Rosa Ct (1998). Minimal Risk Levels (Mrls) For Hazardous Substances.
Journal Of Clean Technology Environmental Toxicology And Occupational Medicine 7: 1-24.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA/HUMAN HEALTH.
ChouaÏ, Bou, M., Etang, J., BrÉ, Vault, T., Nwane, P., HinzoumbÉ, Ck , Mimpfoundi, R., and
Simard, F. (Dynamics of Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles Gambiae S.I. From
an Area of Extensive Cotton Cultivation in Northern Cameroon. Trap med int health. 2008, apr;
13(4):476-86. [Tropical medicine & international health : tm & ihj: Trap Me dint Health.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Choudhary, A. and Sharma, D. C. (Pesticide Residues in Honey Samples From Himachal Pradesh (India). Bull
environ contam toxicol. 2008, may; 80(5):417-22. [Bulletin of environmental contamination and
toxicology]: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FOOD.
Chovelon, Antoinette, George, Lee, Gulayets, Clare, Hoyano, Yumiko, McGuinness, Elizbeth, Moore, James,
Ramamoorthy, Sita, Ramamoorthy, S., Singer, Peter, and et al. (Pesticide and PCB levels in fish
from Alberta (Canada). Chemosphere (1984) 13: 19-32 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Christensen, H. E., Luginbyhl, T. T., and Carroll, B. (Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, 1975
edition. Natl. Tech. Inform. Serv. Pb-246,557, 1399P. 1975.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Christiansen, Merete Bruun and Hasager, Charlotte B. (2005). Wake effects of large offshore wind farms
identified from satellite SAR. Remote Sensing of Environment 98: 251-268.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Chu, W. and Chan, K. H. (2000). The Prediction Of Partitioning Coefficients For Chemicals Causing
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Environmental Concern. Science Oj'The Total Environment 248: 1-10.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
Chumchean, Siriluk, Seed, Alan, and Sharma, Ashish (2006). Correcting of real-time radar rainfall bias using a
Kalman filtering approach. Journal of Hydrology 317: 123-137.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Chunchuzov, I., Vachon, P. W., and Li, X. (2000). Analysis and Modeling of Atmospheric Gravity Waves
Observed in RADARSAT SAR Images. Remote Sensing of Environment 74: 343-361.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Chung, Y., Shin, D., Park, S., Lim, Y., Choi, Y., Cho, S., Yang, J., Hwang, M, Park, Y., and Lee, H. (1997).
Risk Assessment And Management Of Drinking Water Pollutants In Korea. Water Science And
Technology^: 309-323.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Cicchetti, D. V. (Prenatal Chlorpyrifos and Early Neurodevelopment: How Good Is the Science? Pediatrics.
2007, jul; 120(1):243; author reply 243-4. [Pediatrics]: Pediatrics.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ciglasch, H., Busche, J., Amelung, W., Totrakool, S., and Kaupenjohann, M. (Field Aging of Insecticides After
Repeated Application to a Northern Thailand Ultisol. J agric food chem. 2008, act 22; 56(20):9555-
62. [Journal of agricultural and food chemistry]: J Agric Food Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Cilgi, T. and Frampton, G. K. (1994). Arthropod Populations Under Current and Reduced-Input Pesticide
Regimes: Results From the First Four Treatment Years of the Maff "Scarab" Project. Brighton
Crop Prot.Conf., Pests And Diseases, Br.Crop Prot.Counc., Nov.21-24, 1994, Brighton, England,
UK 1-3: 653-660.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DMT,OMT,ADC,CYP,DM Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Cink, J. H. and Coats, J. R. (1993). Effect of Concentration Soil Moisture and Temperature on the Degradation
of Dursban Tc Chlorpyrifos in Urban Soil. ACS (Am.Chem.Soc.) Natl.Meet., Denver, Colorado,
Mar.28-Apr.2, 1993, Abstr.Pap.Am.Chem.Soc. 205: Agro 41.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Cink, J. H. and Coats, J. R. (1992). Fate Of Chlorpyrifos Termiticide In Soil. 203rd Acs (American Chemical
Society) National Meeting, San Francisco, California, Usa, April 5-10, 1992. Abstr Pap Am Chem
Soc 203: Agro 127.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Cink, J. H. and Coats, J. R. (1993). Effect of Concentration Soil Moisture and Temperature on the Degradation of
Dursban Tc Chlorpyrifos in Urban Soil. ACS (Am.Chem.Soc.) Natl.Meet., Denver, Colorado,
Mar.28-Apr.2, 1993, Abstr.Pap.Am.Chem.Soc. 205: Agro 41.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: METABOLISM/NO SPECIES.
Cink, J. H. and Coats, J. R. (1993). Effect Of Concentration Temperature And Soil Moisture On The
Degradation Of Chlorpyrifos In An Urban Iowa Soil. Racke, K. D. And A. R. Leslie (Ed.). Acs
Symposium Series, 522. Pesticides In Urban Environments: Fate And Significance 203rd National
Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, Usa, April 5-10, 1992.
Xii+378p. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Usa. Isbn 0-8412-2627-X.; 0: 62-69.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Cink, James Henry (1996). Degradation of Chlorpyrifos in soil: effect of concentration, soil moisture, and
temperature. Avail: Univ. Microfilms Int. Order No. DA9610949 From: Diss. Abstr. Int., B 1996,
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56. 12. 6703. 65pp.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Claeys, W. L., De Voghel, S., Schmit, J. F., Vromman, V., and Pussemier, L. (Exposure Assessment of the
Belgian Population to Pesticide Residues Through Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Food addit
contain part a chem anal control expo risk assess. 2008, jul; 25(7):851-63. [Food additives &
contaminants. Part a, chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment]: Food Addit Contam
Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Clark, Donald R. Jr., Bunck, Christine M, Cromartie, Eugene, and LaVal, Richard K. ( Year and age effects on
residues of dieldrin and heptachlor in dead gray ***bats*** , Franklin County, Missouri - 1976,
1977, and 1978. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1983) 2: 387-93 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Clark, J. (Pesticide Migration Following Application To Turfgrass. Fedrip Database, National Technical
Information Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Clark, J. R., De Vault, D., Bowden, R. J., and Weishaar, J. A. (1984). Contaminant Analysis of Fillets From Great
Lakes Coho Salmon, 1980. J.Gt.Lakes Res. 10: 38-47.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,CP Y Rejection Code: NO CONC/SURVEY.
Clark, James R., De Vault, Dave, Bowden, Robert J., and Weishaar, Joseph A. ( Contaminant analysis of fillets
from Great Lakes coho ***sahnon*** , 1980. J. Great Lakes Res. (1984) 10: 38-47 CODEN:
JGLRDE; ISSN: 0380-1330.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Clegg, David J. and Van Gemert, Marcia (1999). Determination of the reference dose for chlorpyrifos:
proceedings of an expert panel. J. Toxicol. Environ. HealthPartB 2: 211-255 .
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Clements, R. 0., Lewis, G. C., Jackson, C. A., and Bentley, B. R. (1986). The Relative Importance of a Range of
Factors to the Herbage Yield of Newly-Sown Grass. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 7: 118-119.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BMY.Captan.DMT.CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Clements, R. 0., Murray, P. J., and Tyas, C. J. (1992). The Short-Term Effects on Wild Goose Behavior of
Chlorpyrifos Application to Permanent Pasture. Ann.Appl.Biol. 120: 17-23.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO CONC/SURVEY.
Cline, R. E., Todd, G. D., Ashley, D. L., Grainger, J., Mccraw, J. M., Alley, C. C., and Hill, R. H Jr (1990). Gas
Chromatographic And Spectral Properties Of Pentafluorobenzyl Derivatives Of 2,4-D And Phenolic
Pesticides And Metabolites. JChromatogr Sci 28: 167-172.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Close, M. E. (1993). Assessment Of Pesticide Contamination Of Groundwater In New Zealand: 1. Ranking Of
Regions For Potential Contamination. N Z J Mar Freshwater Res 27: 257-266.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Close, M. E. (1993). Assessment Of Pesticide Contamination Of Groundwater In New Zealand: 2. Results Of
Groundwater Sampling. N Z J Mar Freshwater Res 27: 267-273.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Closson, Damien, Abou Karaki, Najib, Jad Hussein, Musa, Al-Fugha, Hassan, Ozer, Andre, and Mubarak,
Abdullah (2003). Subsidence et effondrements le long du littoral jordanien de la mer Morte : apports
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de la gravimetrie et de 1'interferometrie radar differentielleSubsidence and sinkholes along the
Jordanian coast of the Dead Sea: contribution of gravimetry and radar differential interferometry.
Comptes Rendus Geosciences 335: 869-879.
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Clothier, J. M. (Dermal Transfer Efficiency of Pesticides From New, Vinyl Sheet Flooring to Dry and Wetted
Palms. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 21, 2000.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Clothier, K. M. (Dermal Transfer Efficiency of Pesticides From Turf Grass to Dry and Wetted Palms. Govt
reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 17, 2000.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Cochran, R. C., Kishiyama, J., Aldous, C., Carr, W. C. Jr., and Pfeifer, K. F. (1995). Chlorpyrifos: Hazard
Assessment Based on a Review of the Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Exposure in Animals
and Humans. Food C hem.Toxicol. 33: 165-172.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Cohen, S. Z., Durborow, T. E., and Barnes, N. L. (1993). Groundwater And Surface Water Risk Assessments
For Proposed Golf Courses. Racke, K. D. And A. R. Leslie (Ed.). Acs Symposium Series, 522.
Pesticides In Urban Environments: Fate And Significance 203rd National Meeting Of The
American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, Usa, April 5-10, 1992. Xii+378p. American
Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Usa. Isbn 0-8412-2627-X.; 0: 214-227.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Cohen, S. Z., Nickerson, S., Maxey, R., Dupuy, A. Jr, and Senita, J. A. (1990). A Ground Water Monitoring
Study For Pesticides And Nitrates Associated With Golf Courses On Cape Cod Massachusetts Usa.
Ground WaterMonitRev 10: 160-173.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Cohen, S., Svrjcek, A., Durborow, T., and Barnes, N. L. (1999). Water Quality Impacts By Golf Courses.
Journal Of Environmental Quality 28: 798-809.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Colbert, A. A., Fulton, M. H., Landsberg, J., Newton, J., Cullen, J., and Scott, G. I. (1998). Ecotoxicology And
Histopathology Conducted In Response To Sea Turtle And Fish Mortalities Along The Texas Coast:
May-June 1994. Noaa Technical Report Nmfs 0: 73-79.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Colbert, A. A., Scott, G. I., Fulton, M. H., Wirth, E. F., Daugomah, J. W., Key, P. B., Strozier, E. D., and
Galloway, S. B. (1999). Investigation Of Unusual Mortalities Of Bottlenose Dolphins Along The
Mid-Texas Coastal Bay Ecosystem During 1992. Noaa Technical Report Nmfs 0: 1-23.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Colborn, T. (2006). A Case for Revisiting the Safety of Pesticides: a Closer Look at Neurodevelopment.
Environ.Health Perspect. 114: 10-17.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,VCZ,HCCH,MXC,PCB,24DXY Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Cole, J. T., Baird, J. H., Basta, N. T., Huhnke, R. L., Storm, D. E., Johnson, G. V., Payton, M. E., Smolen, M.
D., Martin, D. L., and Cole, J. C. (Influence of buffers on pesticide and nutrient runoff from
Bermuda grass turf. J. Environ. Qual. (1997) 26: 1589-1598 CODEN: JEVQAA; ISSN: 0047-2425.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Colt, J. S., Zahm, S. H., Camann, D. E., and Hartge, P. (1998). Comparison Of Pesticides And Other
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Compounds In Carpet Dust Samples Collected From Used Vacuum Cleaner Bags And From A
High-Volume Surface Sampler. Environmental Health Perspectives 106: 721-724.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Coly, A. and Aaron, J. J. (1998). Cyclodextrin-Enhanced Fluorescence And Photochemically-Induced
Fluorescence Determination Of Five Aromatic Pesticides In Water. Analytica ChimicaActa 360:
129-141.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Comas, Xavier, Slater, Lee, and Reeve, Andrew (2004). Geophysical evidence for peat basin morphology and
stratigraphic controls on vegetation observed in a Northern Peatland. Journal of Hydrology 295:
173-184.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Comas, Xavier, Slater, Lee, and Reeve, Andrew (2005). Stratigraphic controls on pool formation in a domed
bog inferred from ground penetrating radar (GPR). Journal of Hydrology 315: 40-51.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Comm Residues Usa (1991). General Referee Reports Committee On Residues 104th Aoac Annual
International Meeting New Orleans Louisiana Usa September 9-13 1990. JAssoc Off Anal Chem
74: 149-155.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Connors, S. L., Levitt, P., Matthews, S. G., Slotkin, T. A., Johnston, M. V., Kinney, H. C., Johnson, W. G.,
Dailey, R. M., and Zimmerman, A. W. (Fetal Mechanisms in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Pediatr neural. 2008, mar; 38(3): 163-76. [Pediatric neurology]: PediatrNeurol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Cooper, J. F., Wynn, N. R., Deuse, J. P. L., Coste, C. M., Zheng, S. Q., and Schiffers, B. C. (1997). Impact of
Insecticides on Wild Fauna: a Proposed Toxicity Index. Meded.Fac.Landbouwkd.Rijksuniv.Race
62: 599-606.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PRT,PHSL,PPHD,PIM,PIRM,PFF,PTP,PPX,PRB,RTN,SFT,SPS,TFT,TMP,TBO,TMT,TDC,TLM,
TCF,HPT,HFR,IMC,IZF,IFP,LCYT,HCCH,MLN,MTM,MDT,MOM,MTPN,MXC,Naled,OMT,0
ML,OXD,PRN,MP,PCB,PMR,PTR,CYH,CYP,CHT,CYR,DD,DZM,DDT,DM,DEM,DZ,DDVP,DL
D,DFZ,DMT,DS,ES,EFV,ETN,FNT,FPP,FNTH,FNV,FPN,FCX,FYT,FVL,FNP,ABM,ACP,ADC,A
ND,ATN,AMZ,AZM,AZ,BDC,BCY,BFT,BRSM,BPZ,CBL,CBF,CHD,CLP,CPY,CPYM,CMPH,C
ST,CYF,CYR Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Coppola, L., Castillo, M. P., Monaci, E., and Vischetti, C. ( Adaptation of the Biobed Composition for
Chlorpyrifos Degradation to Southern Europe Conditions. J agricfood chem. 2007, jan 24;
55(2):396-401. [Journal of agricultural and food chemistry]: J Agric Food Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FATE.
Corbett, J. R., Wright, K., and Baillie, A. C. (1984). Insecticides Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase. In: The
Biochemical Mode of Action of Pesticides, Second Edition, Acad.Press, London 99-140.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,CP Y,DZ,DMT,MLN,PRN,PSM,CBL,CBF Rejection
Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Corley, R. A., Calhoun, L. L., Dittenber, D. A., Lomax, L. G., and Landry, T. D. (1989 ). Chlorpyrifos: a 13-
Week Nose-Only Vapor Inhalation Study in Fischer 344 Rats. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 13: 616-618.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Cornford, Dan (2004). A Bayesian state space modelling approach to probabilistic quantitative precipitation
forecasting: Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting II. Journal of'Hydrology 288: 92-104.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Corsi, I., Pastore, A. M, Lodde, A., Palmerini, E., Castagnolo, L., and Focardi, S. (2007). Potential Role of
Cholinesterases in the Invasive Capacity of the Freshwater Bivalve, Anodonta Woodiana (Bivalvia:
Unionacea): a Comparative Study With the Indigenous Species of the Genus, Anodonta Sp.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 145: 413-419.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY,FNT Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Corsi, L, Pastore, A. M., Lodde, A., Palmerini, E., Castagnolo, L., and Focardi, S. (2007). Potential Role of
Cholinesterases in the Invasive Capacity of the Freshwater Bivalve, Anodonta Woodiana (Bivalvia:
Unionacea): a Comparative Study With the Indigenous Species of the Genus, Anodonta Sp.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 145: 413-419.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Corson, Michael S., Mora, Miguel A., and Grant, William E. ( Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds
caused by dietary insecticide exposure. Ecol. Modell. (1998) 105: 299-323 CODEN: ECMODT;
ISSN: 0304-3800.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Cortes, H. J., Green, L. S., and Campbell, R. M. (1991). On-Line Coupling Of Supercritical Fluid Extraction
With Multidimensional Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography/Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem
63: 2719-2724.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Corwin, D. L., Lesch, S. M., Oster, J. D., and Kaffka, S. R. (2006). Monitoring management-induced spatio-
temporal changes in soil quality through soil sampling directed by apparent electrical conductivity:
Hydropedology: Bridging disciplines, scales and data. Geoderma 131: 369-387.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Cosenza, M. E. and Bidanset, J. (1995). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Neuronal Development in Rat Embryo
Midbrain Micromass Cultures. Vet Hum.Toxicol. 37: 118-121.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Costa, L. G., Richter, R. J., Li, W. F., Cole, T., Guizzetti, M., and Furlong, C. E. (2003). Paraoxonase (PON 1) as
a Biomarker of Susceptibility for Organophosphate Toxicity. Biomarkers 8: 1-12.
Chem Codes: EcoReferenceNo.: 104984
Chemical of Concern: PRN,DZ,CPY Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Costa, L. G., Richter, R. J., Li, W. F., Cole, T., Guizzetti, M., Furlong, C. E., and L.G.Costa (2003). Paraoxonase
(Pon 1) as a Biomarker of Susceptibility for Organophosphate Toxicity. Biomarkers 8: 1-12 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,DZ,CPY Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Costa, Maycira P. F. and Telmer, Kevin H. (2006). Utilizing SAR imagery and aquatic vegetation to map fresh
and brackish lakes in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Remote Sensing of Environment 105: 204-213.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Coupe, R. H., Henebry, M. S., and Branham, M. R. ( Assessing the effect of pesticides in agricultural runoff on
aquatic life in the Sangamon River near Monticello, Illinois. Water Sci. Technol. (1993) 28: 569-73
CODEN: WSTED4; ISSN: 0273-1223.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Coupe, R. H., Manning, M. A., Foreman, W. T., Goolsby, D. A., and Majewski, M. S. (2000). Occurrence Of
Pesticides In Rain And Air In Urban And Agricultural Areas Of Mississippi, April-September 1995.
Science Of The Total Environment 248: 227-240.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Courthaudon, Laurent 0. and Fujinari, Eugene M. (Nitrogen-specific gas chromatography detection based on
chemiluminescence. LC-GC (1991) 9: 732-4 CODEN: LCGCE7; ISSN: 0888-9090.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Cousserans, M. (Mosquito control problems. Trav. Soc. Pharm. Montpellier 37(1): 45-53 1977.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Couturier, S., Taylor, D., Siegert, F., Hoffmann, A., and Bao, M. Q. (2001). ERS SAR backscatter: a potential
real-time indicator of the proneness of modified rainforests to fire. Remote Sensing of Environment
76:410-417.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Cowan-Ellsberry, C. E., Dyer, S. D., Erhardt, S., Bernhard, M. J., Roe, A. L., Dowty, M. E., and Weisbrod, A. V.
( Approach for Extrapolating in Vitro Metabolism Data to Refine Bioconcentration Factor Estimates.
Chemosphere. 2008, feb; 70(10): 1804-17. [Chemosphere]: Chemosphere.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: MODELING.
Crandall, M. S., Highsmith, R., Gorman, R., and Wallace, L. (Library Of Congress And U.S. Epa Indoor Air
Quality And Work Environment Study: Environmental Survey Results. Indoor Air '90, Precedings
Of The 5th International Conference On Indoor Air Quality And Climate, Toronto, July 29 August 3,
1990, Volume 4, Pages 597-602, 1990.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Crane, M., Whitehouse, P., Comber, S., Watts, C., Giddings, J., Moore, D. R. J., and Grist, E. (2003). Evaluation
of Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Pesticides in the Uk: Chlorpyrifos Use on Top Fruit. Pest
Manag.Sci. 59: 512-526.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Crane, M., Whitehouse, P., Comber, S., Watts, C., Giddings, J., Moore, D. R. J., and Grist, E. (2003).
Evaluation of Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Pesticides in the UK: Chlorpyrifos Use on Top
Fruit. Pest Manag.Sci. 59: 512-526.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Crepeau, K. L., Kuivila, K. M., and Bergamaschi, B. (Dissolved Pesticides in the Alamo River and the Salton
Sea, California, 1996-1997. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 09, 2006.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Cretaux, Jean-Francois and Birkett, Charon (2006). Lake studies from satellite radar altimetry: La Terre
observee depuis 1'espace. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 338: 1098-1112.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Cripe, C. R. and Pritchard, P. H. (1990). Aquatic Test Systems For Studying The Fate Of Xenobiotic
Compounds. Landis, W. G. And W. H. Van Der Schalie (Ed.). Astm (American Society For Testing
And Materials) Stp (Special Technical Publications), 1096. Aquatic Toxicology And Risk Assessment
13th Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, Usa, April 16-18, 1989. Vii+378p. Astm: Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, Usa. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-8031-1460-5.; 0: 29-47.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Grassland, C. J., Done, T. J., and Brunskill, G. J. (1997). Potential Impacts Of Sugarcane Production On The
Marine Environment. Keating, B. AndJ. Wilson (Ed.). Intensive Sugarcane Production: Meeting
The Challenge Beyond 2000 Proceedings Of The Sugar 2000 Symposium, Brisbane, Queensland,
Australia, August 20-23, 1996. X+531p. Cab International: Wallingford, England, Uk. Isbn 0-
85199-193-9.; 0:423-436.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
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Crumpton, T. L., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2000). Is oxidative stress involved in the developmental
neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos? Developmental Brain Research 121: 189-195.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Cryer, S. A., Dixon-White, H. E., Robb, C. K., Coody, P. N, and White, J. (1999). Integrated Field Study And
Modeling Approach For Quantifying Pesticide Dissipation Under Diverse Conditions. 218th
National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Parts 1 And 2, New Orleans, Louisiana, Usa,
August 22-26, 1999.y abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 218: Agro 21.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Cryer, S. A., Dixon-White, H. E., White, J., and Robb, C. K. (1999). Integrated Field Study And Modeling
Approach For Quantifying Pesticide Dissipation Under Diverse Conditions: Field Portion. 218th
National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Parts 1 And 2, New Orleans, Louisiana, Usa,
August 22-26, 1999.y abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 218: Agro 20.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Cryer, S. A., Rolston, L. J., and Havens, P. L. (1998). Utilizing Simulated Weather Patterns To Predict Runoff
Exceedence Probabilities For Highly Sorbed Pesticides. Environmental Pollution 103: 211-218.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Cui, Yong, Guo, Jiangfeng, Xu, Bujin, and Chen, Ziyuan (2006). Binding of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin to
blood proteins. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 85: 110-114.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Cui, Yong, Guo, Jiangfeng, Xu, Bujin, and Chen, Ziyuan (2006). Potential of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin
forming DNA adducts. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
604: 36-41.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Currie, K. L., Mcdonald, E. C., Chung, L. Tk, and Higgs, A. R. (1990). Concentrations Of Diazinon,
Chlorpyrifos, And Bendiocarb After Application In Offices. Am IndHygAssoc J5\\ 23-27.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Curry, P. B. (1991). Testing And Validation Of The Canadian Indoor Occupant Exposure Guidelines. 201st
Acs National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Atlanta, Georgia, Usa, April 14-19, 1991.
AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 201: Agrol 91.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Curwin, B. D., Hein, M. J., Sanderson, W. T., Striley, C., Heederik, D., Kromhout, H., Reynolds, S. J., and
Alavanja, M. C. (Pesticide Dose Estimates for Children of Iowa Farmers and Non-Farmers.
Environ res. 2007, nov; 105(3):307-15. [Environmental research]: Environ Res.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Curwin, B. D., Hein, M. J., Sanderson, W. T., Striley, C., Heederik, D., Kromhout, H., Reynolds, S. J., and
Alavanja, M. C. (Urinary Pesticide Concentrations Among Children, Mothers and Fathers Living in
Farm and Non-Farm Households in Iowa. Ann occup hyg. 2007, jan; 51(1):53-65. [The annals of
occupational hygiene]: Ann Occup Hyg.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Dabrowski, J. M., Murray, K., Ashton, P. J., and Leaner, J. J. ( Agricultural impacts on water quality and
implications for virtual water trading decisions. In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Dabrowski, James M., Peall, Sue K. C., Van Niekerk, Adriaan, Reinecke, Adriaan J., Day, Jenny A., and
Schulz, Ralf (2002). Predicting runoff-induced pesticide input in agricultural sub-catchment surface
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waters: linking catchment variables and contamination. Water Research 36: 4975-4984.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Daglish, G. J., Wallbank, B. E., and Nayak, M. K. (2003). Synergized Bifenthrin Plus Chlorpyrifos-Methyl for
Control of Beetles and Psocids in Sorghum in Australia. J.Econ.Entomol. 96: 525-532.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP YM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Daglish, G. J., Wallbank, B. E., and Nayak, M. K. (2003). Synergized Bifenthrin Plus Chlorpyrifos-Methyl for
Control of Beetles and Psocids in Sorghum in Australia. J.Econ.Entomol. 96: 525-532.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Daisey, J. M. (Potential For Ion-Induced Nucleation Of Volatile Organic Compounds By Radon Decay In
Indoor Environments. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 17, 1992.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Dale, D. and Heinrichs, E. A. (1998). Crop-Insecticide Interactions. Dhaliwal, G. S., EtAl. (Ed). Ecological
Agriculture And Sustainable Development, Vols. 1 And 2 International Conference On Ecological
Agriculture: Towards Sustainable Development, Chandigarh, India, November 15-17, 1997.
Xxv+688p.(Vol. 1); Xxiii+712p.(Vol. 2) Indian Ecological Society: Ludhiana, India; Centre For
Research In Rural And Industrial Development: Chandigarh, India. Isbn 81-85835-38-l(Vol. 1);
Isbn 81-85835-39-X(Vol. 2).; 0: 314-340.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Dalvi, R. R. and Davis, S. W. (1997). Potentiation of Chlorpyrifos Toxicity by Beta-Naphthoflavone (Bnf) in
Fingerling Channel Catfish. FASEB (Fed.Am.Soc.Exp.Biol.) J. 11: A294 (ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Dalvie, Mohamed A., Sinanovic, E., London, Leslie, Cairncross, Eugene, Solomon, A., and Adam, H. (2005).
Cost analysis of ELISA, solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction for the monitoring
of pesticides in water. Environmental Research 98: 143-150.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Daniels, Julian, Blumberg, Dan G., Vulfson, Leonid D., Kotlyar, Alex L., Freiliker, Valentin, Ronen, Gefen,
and Ben-Asher, Jiftah (2003). Microwave remote sensing of physically buried objects in the Negev
Desert: implications for environmental research. Remote Sensing of Environment 86: 243-256.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Daniels-Lake, B. J., Prange, R. K., Gaul, S. 0., McRae, K. B., De Antueno, R., and McLachlan, D. (2007). A
Musty "Off" Flavor in Nova Scotia Potatoes is Associated with 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole Released
from Pesticide-Treated Soils and High Soil Temperature. J.Am.Soc.Hortic.Sci. 132: 112-119.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: LNR,CPY Rejection Code: FOOD.
Daniels-Lake, B. J., Prange, R. K., Gaul, S. 0., McRae, K. B., De Antueno, R., and McLachlan, D. (2007). A
Musty "Off" Flavor in Nova Scotia Potatoes Is Associated With 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole Released
From Pesticide-Treated Soils and High Soil Temperature. Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science, 132 (1) pp. 112-119, 2007.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory (1998). Annual Report of Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory, 1997. In:
N.Bille,andM.Christensen (Eds.), Annu.Rep.1997, Danish Pest Infest.Lab., Lyngby, Denmark 112 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DFM,BDL,CYF,CPY,FNT,DVP,DZ,HCCH,DMT,PMR,MOM,AZM,BRSM,PYN,PPB,DFZ,CYR,
DDT Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory (2001). Annual Report of Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory, 2000. In:
-------
N.Bille,andM.Christensen (Eds.), Annu.Rep.2000, Danish Pest Infest.Lab., Lyngby, Denmark 59 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
BDL,CPY,CYR,DFZ,DDT,FNT,TVP,PMR,DZ,HCCH,MOM,DMT,PYN,FPN,TMX,AZM,SS
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Daphnia reproductive bioassay for testing toxicity of aqueous samples and presence of an endocrine disrupter.
U.S. 17pp.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Das, M, Georghiou, G. P., Herath, P. Rj, Hii, J., Keiding, J., Rathor, H. R., Sergieva, V. P., and Toure, Y. T.
(1986). Resistance Of Vectors And Reservoirs Of Disease To Pesticides. WH O Tech Rep SerQ: 1 -
87.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Datta, S., Hansen, L., McConnell, L., Baker, J., LeNoir, J., and Seiber, J. N. (Pesticides and PCB contaminants
in fish and tadpoles from the Kaweah River Basin, California. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
(1998) 60: 829-836 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Davies, H. G., Richter, R. J., Keifer, M., Broomfield, C. A., Sowalla, J., and Furlong, C. E. (1996). The Effect
Of The Human Serum Paraoxonase Polymorphism Is Reversed With Diazoxon, Soman And Sarin.
Nature Genetics 14: 334-336.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Davies, J. E. (Pesticides epidemiological field studies. Natl. Tech. Inform. Serv. Pb 237 347, 1974, 50 P.(10
References).
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Davies, J., Roberts, D., Eyer, P., Buckley, N., and Eddleston, M. (Hypotension in Severe Dimethoate Self-
Poisoning. Clin toxicol (phila). 2008, nov; 46(9):880-4. [Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, pa.)]:
Clin Toxicol (Phila).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Davis, D. L. and Ahmed, A. K. (1998). Exposures From Indoor Spraying Of Chlorpyrifos Pose Greater Health
Risks To Children Than Currently Estimated. Environmental Health Perspectives 106: 299-301.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Davis, P. M. and Coleman, S. (1997). Managing Corn Rootworms: (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on Dairy Farms:
the Need for a Soil Insecticide. J.Econ.Entomol. 90: 205-217.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,TFT,TBO,ACR,ATZ,PDM,MTL,DMB,CZE Rejection
Code: MIXTURE.
Davis, R. W. and Kamble, S. T. (1992). Distribution of Sub-Slap Injected Dursban Tc (Chlorpyrifos) in a Loamy
Sand Soil When Used for Subterranean Termite Control. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 48: 585-
591.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Davis, R. W., Kamble, S. T., and Tolley, M. P. (1993). Microencapsulated Chlorpyrifos Distribution in Loamy
Sand and Silty Clay Loam Soils When Applied With a Sub-Slab Injector for Subterranean Termite
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Dawson, M. A. and Renfro, J. L. (1993). Interaction of Structurally Similar Pesticides With Organic Anion
Transport by Primary Cultures of Winter Flounder Renal Proximal Tubule. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.
266: 673-677.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PAH,24D,CPY,CPYO,MCPA,MCPP1 Rejection Code: IN
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Day, E. W Jr, Chen, W. L., Schnelle, K. D., and Shurdut, B. A. (1996). Use Of Probability And Distributional
Analysis Of Chlorpyrifos Worker Exposure Data For The Assessment Of Risks. 211th American
Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, Usa, March 24-28, 1996. Abstracts Of
Papers American Chemical Society 211: Agro 152.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
De Bruijn, Jack, Busser, Frans, Seinen, Willem, and Hermens, Joop (Determination of octanol/water partition
coefficients for hydrophobic organic chemicals with the " slow-stirring" method. Environ. Toxicol.
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De Jong, Joost, Klaassen, Wim, and Ballast, Albert (2000). Rain Storage in Forests Detected with ERS Tandem
Mission SAR. Remote Sensing oj'Environment 72: 170-180.
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De Kock Ac and Lord, D. A. (1987). A Simple Procedure For Determining Octanol-Water Partition
Coefficients Using Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Rphplc.
Chemosphere 16: 133-142.
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De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M., Verhoest, Niko E. C., and De Troch, Francois P. (2005). Characteristics of
rainstorms over a temperate region derived from multiple time series of weather radar images.
Journal of 'Hydrology 307: 126-144.
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De luca d'Alessandro, E. and Pasquarella, A. (1988). Antiparasitic Agents Organophosphorus Compounds
(Antiparassitari: I Composti Organofosforici). Clin.Ter. 126: 435-444 (ITA).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,MP,DMT,MLN,DZ,CP Y Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
De Souza, Ronald Buss, Mata, Mauricio M., Garcia, Carlos A. E., Kampel, Milton, Oliveira, Eduardo N, and
Lorenzzetti, Joao A. (2006). Multi-sensor satellite and in situ measurements of a warm core ocean
eddy south of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region. Remote Sensing of Environment 100: 52-66.
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De Vaney, J. A. (1986). Ectoparasites. Poult.Sci. 65: 649-656.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP,TVP,CBL,MLN,PMR,CMPH Rejection Code:
REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
De Vaney, J. A. (1986). Ectoparasites. Poult.Sci. 65: 649-656.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP,TVP,CBL,MLN,PMR,CMPH Rejection Code:
REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
De Vlaming, V., DiGiorgio, C., Fong, S., Deanovic, L. A., Carpio-Obeso, M. S., Miller, J. L., Miller, M. J., and
Richard, N. J. (2004). Irrigation Runoff Insecticide Pollution of Rivers in the Imperial Valley,
California (Usa). Environmental Pollution [Environ. Pollut.]. Vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 213-229. Nov
2004.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
De Vlaming, Victor, Connor, Valerie, DiGiorgio, Carol, Bailey, Howard C., Deanovic, Linda A., and Hinton,
David E. ( Application of whole effluent toxicity test procedures to ambient water quality
assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (2000) 19: 42-62 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
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Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
De Zwart D, Kramer, K. Jm, and Jenner, H. A. (1995). Practical Experiences With The Biological Early
Warning System "Mosselmonitor". Environmental Toxicology And Water Quality 10: 237-247.
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Extraction Process On Calibration And Performance Parameters For The Determination Of Pesticide
Residues In Water By Gas Chromatography. Journal Of Chromatography A 733: 275-281.
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De, L. A. Torre Fr, Salibian, A., and Ferrari, L. (1999). Enzyme Activities As Biomarkers Of Freshwater
Pollution: Responses Of Fish Branchial (Na + K)-Atpase And Liver Transaminases. Environmental
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Dean, J. H. and Ballantyne, M. A. (1985). Human Health and Aquatic Life Literature Search and Data Base
Evaluation for Chlorpyrifos. Draft Rep. by Battelle, Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH, to the
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Dearfield, K. L., Stack, H. F., Quest, J. A., Whiting, R. J., and Waters, M. D. (1993). A Survey of Epa/Opp and
Open Literature Data on Selected Pesticide Chemicals Tested for Mutagenicity: I. Introduction and
First Ten Chemicals. Mutat.Res. 297: 197-233.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,HCCH,Folpet,DPDP,CP YM,CTN,ATZ,RTN,AMTL,PPZ
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Dearfield, K. L., Stack, H. F., Quest, J. A., Whiting, R. J., and Waters, M. D. (A Survey Of Epa/Opp And Open
Literature Data On Selected Pesticide Chemicals Tested For Mutagenicity. I. Introduction And First
10 Chemicals. Mutation Research, Vol. 297, No. 3, Pages 197-233, 75 References, 1993.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Dejonckheere, Willy, Steurbaut, Walter, Drieghe, Sabine, Verstraeten, Roland, and Braeckman, Hans (
Monitoring of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables, fruits, and other selected food items in
Belgium, 1991-1993. J. AOAC Int. (1996) 79: 97-110 CODEN: JAINEE; ISSN: 1060-3271.
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Del Pino Jn and Diaz Diaz R (1998). Pesticide Distribution And Movement. Biotherapy (Dordrecht) 11: 69-76.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Desmarchelier, J., Bengston, M., Cornell, M., Minett, W., Moore, B., Phillips, M., Snelson, J., Sticka, R., and
Tucker, K. (1977). A Collaborative Study of Residues on Wheat of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl,
Fenitrothion, Malathion, Methacrifos and Pirimiphos-Methyl. Pestic.Sci. 8: 473-483.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PIRM.FNT.MLN.CPY Rejection Code: METHODS.
Desmarchelier, J., Bengston, M., Connell, M., Minett, W., Moore, B., Phillips, M., Snelson, J., Sticka, R., and
Tucker, K. (1977). A Collaborative Study of Residues on Wheat of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl,
Fenitrothion, Malathion, Methacrifos and Pirimiphos-Methyl. Pestic.Sci. 8: 473-483.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PIRM,FNT,MLN,CPY Rejection Code: METHODS.
Desneux, N, Decourtye, A., and Delpuech, J. M. (2007). The Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Beneficial
Arthropods. Ann.Rev.Entomol 52: 81-106.
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Beneficial Arthropods. Ann.Rev.Entomol. 52: 81-106.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ES,TZM,FPN,IMC,LCYT,DM,CPY,CYH,FNT,CYP,AZD,DMT,MP,TUZ Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., Delpuech, J. M., and N.Desneux (2007). The Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on
Beneficial Arthropods. Ann.Rev.Entomol. 52: 81-106.
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Devillers, J. (2000). Prediction Of Toxicity Of Organophosphorus Insecticides Against The Midge, Chironomus
Riparius, Via A Qsar Neural Network Model Integrating Environmental Variables. Toxicology
Methods 10: 69-79.
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Devillers, J. and Flatin, J. (A general QSAR model for predicting the acute toxicity of pesticides to
Oncorhynchus mykiss. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. (2000) 11: 25-43 CODEN: SQERED; ISSN:
1062-936X.
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Devillers, J., Domine, D., and Karcher, W. (Estimating n-octanol/water partition coefficients from the
autocorrelation method. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. (1995) 3: 301-6 CODEN: SQERED; ISSN: 1062-
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Di Muccio, Alfonso, Cicero, Anna Maria, Camoni, Ivano, Pontecorvo, Damiano, and Dommarco, Roberto ( On-
column partition cleanup of fatty extracts for organophosphate pesticide residue determination. J. -
Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (1987) 70: 106-8 CODEN: JANCA2; ISSN: 0004-5756.
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Di Muccio, Alfonso, Pelosi, Patrizia, Camoni, Ivano, Attard Barbini, Danilo, Dommarco, Roberto, Generali,
Tiziana, and Ausili, Antonella (1996). Selective, solid-matrix dispersion extraction of
organophosphate pesticide residues from milk. J. Chromatogr. A 754: 497-506 CODEN: JCRAEY;
ISSN: 0021-9673.
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Di Toro Dm, Zarba, C. S., Hansen, D. J., Berry, W. J., Swartz, R. C., Cowan, C. E., Pavlou, S. P., Allen, H. E.,
Thomas, N. A., and Paquin, P. R. (1991 ). Technical Basis For Establishing Sediment Quality
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Di, H. J. and Aylmore, L. Ag (1997). Modeling The Probabilities Of Groundwater Contamination By
Pesticides. Soil Science Society Oj'America Journal 61: 17-23.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Di, H. J., Aylmore, L. A. G., and Kookana, R. S. (Degradation rates of eight pesticides in surface and
subsurface soils under laboratory and field conditions. Soil Sci. (1998) 163:404-411 CODEN:
SOSCAK; ISSN: 0038-075X.
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Di, H. J., Kookana, R. S., and Aylmore, L. Ag (1995). Application Of A Simple Model To Assess The Ground
Water Contamination Potential Of Pesticides. Australian Journal Of Soil Research 33: 1031-1040.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Diaz Diaz R, Gaggi, C., Sanchez-Hernandez, J. C., and Bacci, E. (1995). The Role Of Soil And Active
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Ingredient Properties In Degradation Of Pesticides: A Preliminary Assessment. Chemosphere 30:
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Dich, J., Zahm, S. H., Hanberg, A., and Adami, H. 0. (1997). Pesticides And Cancer. Cancer Causes &
Control 8: 420-443.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Dieter, M. P. and Garnett, J. (1993). Use Of F344 Rat Leukemia Transplant Model To Test The Farm Chemical
Pesticides Parathion Chlorpyrifos And Atrazine For Potential Tumorigenicity. 84th Annual Meeting
Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Orlando, Florida, Usa, May 19-22, 1993. Proc
Am Assoc Cancer Res Annu Meet 34: 173.
Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
DiGiacomo, Paul M., Washburn, Libe, Holt, Benjamin, and Jones, Burton H. (2004). Coastal pollution hazards
in southern California observed by SAR imagery: stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and
natural hydrocarbon seeps. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49: 1013-1024.
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Dimitrov, B. and Gadeva, P. (Genotoxicity studies on the insecticide Dursban in root meristem cells of Crepis
capillaris L. Environ. Exp. Bot. (1997) 37: 199-209 CODEN: EEBODM; ISSN: 0098-8472.
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Dingle, P., Williams, D., Runciman, N, and Tapsell, P. (1999). Pesticides In Homes In Western Australia.
Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 62: 309-314.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Dingman, Douglas W. (Inhibitory effects of turf pesticides on Bacillus popilliae and the prevalence of milky
disease. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1994) 60: 2343-9 CODEN: AEMIDF; ISSN: 0099-2240.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Disney, M., Lewis, P., and Saich, P. (2006). 3D modelling of forest canopy structure for remote sensing
simulations in the optical and microwave domains. Remote Sensing of Environment 100: 114-132.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Dixon, R. K. (1995). Agroforestry Systems: Source or Sinks of Greenhouse Gases? Agrofor.Syst. 99-116.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Dogheim, S. M., Mohamed, E. Z., Alia, S. Ag, El-Saied, S., Emel, S. Y., Mohsen, A. M., and Fahmy, S. M.
(1996). Monitoring Of Pesticide Residues In Human Milk, Soil, Water, And Food Samples
Collected From Kafr El-Zayat Governorate. Journal OfAoac International 79: 111-116.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Dokken, Sverre Thune, Winsor, Peter, Markus, Thorsten, Askne, Jan, and Bjork, Goran (2002). ERS SAR
characterization of coastal polynyas in the Arctic and comparison with SSM/I and numerical model
investigations. Remote Sensing of'Environment 80: 321-335.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Dolara, P., Torricelli, F., and Antonelli, N. ( Cytogenetic Effects On Human Lymphocytes Of A Mixture Of
Fifteen Pesticides Commonly Used In Italy. Mutation Research, Vol. 325, No. 1, Pages 47-51, 17
References, 1994.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Dolara, P., Vezzani, A., Caderni, G., Coppi, C., and Torricelli, F. ( Genetic toxicity of a mixture of fifteen
pesticides commonly found in the Italian diet. Cell Biol. Toxicol. (1993) 9: 333-44 CODEN:
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CBTOE2; ISSN: 0742-2091.
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Domagalski, J. L. and Kuivila, K. M. (1993). Distributions Of Pesticides And Organic Contaminants Between
Water And Suspended Sediment, San Francisco Bay, California. Estuaries 16: 416-426.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Domagalski, J. L. and Munday, C. (Evaluation of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Concentrations and Loads, and
Other Pesticide Concentrations, at Selected Sites in the San Joaquin Valley, California, April to
August, 2001. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 04, 2004.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Domagalski, J. L., Dubrovsky, N. M., and Kratzer, C. R. (1997). Pesticides In The San Joaquin River,
California: Inputs From The Dormant Sprayed Orchards. Journal Of Environmental Quality 26:
454-465.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Donaldson, W., Price, A. H., and Morse, J. (1994). The Current Status And Future Prospects Of The Texas
Horned Lizard Phrynosoma Cornutum In Texas. Texas Journal Of Science 46: 97-113.
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Donato, Timothy F. and Marmorino, George 0. (2002). The surface morphology of a coastal gravity current.
Continental Shelf Research 22: 141-146.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Donnelly, J. R., Drewes, L. A., Johnson, R. L., Munslow, W. D., Knapp, K. K., and Sovocool, G. W. (Purity
and heat of fusion data for environmental standards as determined by differential scanning
calorimetry. Thermochim. Acta (1990) 167: 155-87 CODEN: THACAS; ISSN: 0040-6031.
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Doolittle, J. A., Jenkinson, B., Hopkins, D., Ulmer, M., and Turtle, W. (2006). Hydropedological investigations
with ground-penetrating radar (GPR): Estimating water-table depths and local ground-water flow
pattern in areas of coarse-textured soils: Hydropedology: Bridging disciplines, scales and data.
Geoderma 131: 317-329.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Doran, E. M., Yost, M. G., and Fenske, R. A. (Measuring dermal exposure to pesticide residues with attenuated
total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. (2000) 64: 666-672 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
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Dorigo, W. A., Zurita-Milla, R., de Wit, A. J. W., Brazile, J., Singh, R., and Schaepman, M. E. (2007). A
review on reflective remote sensing and data assimilation techniques for enhanced agroecosystem
modeling: Advances in airborne electromagnetics and remote sensing of agro-ecosystems.
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 9: 165-193.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DTA.
Dormedy, D. F. and Carr, J. D. (1997). The Analysis Of Nine Semi-Volatile Pesticides Using C-18 Liquid Solid
Phase Extraction And Capillary Gas Chromatography-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. 213th
National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, Lisa, April 13-17,
1997. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 213: Envr 148.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Dovzhansky, I. S. and Gerstein, E. G. ( Toxicologic and hygienic monitoring and toxicometric assessment of
consequences of exposure to herbicides under conditions of agricultural production. Gig. Sanit.
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(1994) 30-2 CODEN: GISAAA; ISSN: 0016-9900.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Dow Chemical Co. (1967). Dursban Residues in the Omental Fat of Cattle Following Two Dip Applications.
Rep.No.TA-372.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1972). Determination of Residues of Chloropyrifos its Oxygen Analog and 3,5,6-Trichloro-
2-Pyridinol in Tissues of Cattle Fed Chloropyrifos. UnpublishedRep.No.GH_C 566, Submitted
Under PP#3F1306 (117943).
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1972). Residues of Chloropyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Tissues of Swine Fed
Chloropyrifos. Unpubl.Rep.No.GH-C 549, Submitted Under PP#3F1306 (117943).
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1972). Residues of Chloropyrifos, Its Oxygen Analog, and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in
Milk and Cream from Cows Fed Chloropyrifos. UnpublishedRep.No.GH-C 533, Submitted Under
PP#3F1306 (117946).
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1972). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Tissues and Eggs from
Chickens Fed Chlorpyrifos. Unpublished Rep.No.GH-C 555, Submitted Under PP#3F1306
(117946).
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1976). Determination of Residues of Chloropyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in
Tissues of Cattle Receiving a Single Treatment of Dursban Spoton. Unpublished Rep.No.GH-C 930,
Submitted Under Acc.No.226146.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1978). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Grain and Milling
Fractions Following Multiple Applications of Lorsban 4E Insecticide to Sorghum. Rep.No.GH-C
1109.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1981). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichlor-2-Pyridinol in Field Corn Following
Multiple Applications of Lorsban Insecticides. Rep.No.GH-C 1440.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1981). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Corn Process Fractions
Following Treatment of Grain with Lorsban 4E Insecticide. Rep.No.GH-C 1465.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Co. (1992). Initial Submission: Dursban/Dimethoate Ef 772: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the
Rat With Cover Letter Dated 041092. EPA/OTSDoc.#88-920001921 17 p. (NTIS/OTS0539375).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Dow Chemical Company (1966). The Effect of Formulation of Dursban Residues in Omental Fat of Cattle
Following Single Spray Application. Rep.No.TA-336.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Dow Chemical Company (1976). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Sorghum Green
Plant, Silage, dry Plant and Grain Following Multiple Applications with Lorsban Insecticide. Report
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Bowling, K. C. and Lemley, A. T. (1992). Susceptibility Of Organophosphorous Insecticides To Degradation
By Cupric And Ferrous-Ferric Ion Systems. 203rd Acs (American Chemical Society) National
Meeting, San Francisco, California, Usa, April 5-10, 1992. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 203: Agroll6.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Drake, V. A., Harman, I. T., and Wang, H. K. (2002). Insect monitoring radar: stationary-beam operating mode.
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 35: 111-137.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Drake, V. A., Wang, H. K., and Harman, I. T. (2002). Insect monitoring radar: remote and network operation.
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 35: 77-94.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Dreistadt, S. H., Clark, J. K., and Flint, M. L. (1994). Pests Of Landscape Trees And Shrubs An Integrated Pest
Management Guide. Dreistadt, S. H., J. K. Clark And M. L. Flint. Pests Of Landscape Trees And
Shrubs: An Integrated Pest Management Guide. Vi+327p. University Of California Press: Berkeley,
California, Usa. Isbn 1-879906-18-X. 0: Vi+327p.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Drevenkar, V., Vasilic, Z., Stengl, B., Frobe, Z., and Rumenjak, V. ( Chlorpyrifos Metabolites In Serum And
Urine Of Poisoned Persons. Chemico-Biological Interactions, Vol. 87, Nos. 1-3, Pages 315-322, 12
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Drezet, P. M. L. and Quegan, S. (2007). Satellite-Based Radar Mapping of British Forest Age and Net
Ecosystem Exchange Using Ers Tandem Coherence. Forest Ecology and Management, 238 (1-3)
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Duirk, S. E. and Collette, T. W. ( Organophosphate Pesticide Degradation Under Drinking Water Treatment
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Rejection Code: FATE.
Duirk, S. E., Tarr, J. C., and Collette, T. W. ( Chlorpyrifos Transformation by Aqueous Chlorine in the Presence
of Bromide and Natural Organic Matter. J agric food chem. 2008, feb 27; 56(4): 1328-35. [Journal
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Durham, Janis J., Ogata, Joji, Nakajima, Sadatoshi, Hagiwara, Yoshihide, and Shibamoto, Takayuki (
Degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous extracts of young green barley leaves
(Hordeum vulgare L). J. Sci. Food Agric. (1999) 79: 1311-1314 CODEN: JSFAAE; ISSN: 0022-
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D'Urso, G. and Minacapilli, M. (2006). A semi-empirical approach for surface soil water content estimation
from radar data without a-priori information on surface roughness. Journal of Hydrology 321: 297-
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Dusch, M. E., Westlake, W. E., and Gunther, F. A. (1970). Determination of Dursban Insecticide in Water, Mud,
Vegetation, Fish, Ducks, Insects, and Crustacea. J.Agric.Food Chem. 18: 178-179.
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Duso, C. and Pavan, F. (1986). Control of Grape Moths (Lobesia Botrana Den. And Schiff.; Eupoecilia
Ambiguella Hb.). 2. Consideration on the Side Effects of Various Insecticides (II Controllo Delle
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBL.ACP.CPY.DCNA Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Duysen, E. G., Li, B., Darvesh, S., and Lockridge, 0. ( Sensitivity of Butyrylcholinesterase Knockout Mice to (--
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Dyer, S. D., Belanger, S. E., and Carr, G. J. (An initial evaluation of the use of Euro/North American fish
species for tropical effects assessments. Chemosphere (1997) 35: 2767-2781 CODEN: CMSHAF;
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Earnest, R. (1970). Effects of Pesticides on Aquatic Animals in the Estuarine and Marine Environment. In:
Prog.Sport Fish Res., Publ.106, U.S.D.I., Fish Wildl.Serv., Bur.Sport Fish.Wildl, Washington, DC
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Eaton, D. L., Daroff, R. B., Autrup, H., Bridges, J., Buffler, P., Costa, L. G., Coyle, J., Mckhann, G., Mobley, W.
C., Nadel, L., Neubert, D., Schulte-Hermann, R., and Spencer, P. S. ( Review of the Toxicology of
Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment. Crit rev toxicol.
2008; 38 suppl 2:1-125. [Critical reviews in toxicology]: Crit Rev Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ebing, W. (Multimethod for the determination of pesticide residues in dead honeybees. I. Chlorine and
phosphorus insecticides. Fresenius' Z. Anal. Chem. (1985) 321: 45-8 CODEN: ZACFAU; ISSN:
0016-1152.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Echols, K. R., Brumbaugh, W. G., Orazio, C. E., May, T. W., Poulton, B. C., and Peterman, P. H. (Distribution of
Pesticides, Pahs, Pcbs, and Bioavailable Metals in Depositional Sediments of the Lower Missouri
River, Usa. Arch environ contam toxicol. 2008, aug; 55(2): 161-72. [Archives of environmental
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Ecobichon, D. J. (2000). Our Changing Perspectives On Benefits And Risks Of Pesticides: A Historical
Overview. Neurotoxicology (Little Rock) 21:211-218.
Rejection Code: NO T OX DAT A/RE VIEW.
Eddleston, M., Eyer, P., Worek, F., Sheriff, M. H., and Buckley, N. A. (Predicting Outcome Using
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity in Organophosphorus Pesticide Self-Poisoning. Qjm. 2008, jun;
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Edmiston, S. and Maddy, K. T. (1987). Summary Of Illnesses And Injuries Reported In California Usa By
Physicians In 1986 As Potentially Related To Pesticides. Vet Hum Toxicol 29: 391-397 .
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Eells, Jeffrey B. and Brown, Timothy (Repeated developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion
causes persistent alterations in nicotinic acetylcholine subunit mRNA expression with chlorpyrifos
-------
altering dopamine metabolite levels. In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Ehrich, M, Correll, L., and Veronesi, B. (Neuropathy Target Esterase Inhibition By Organophosphorus Esters
In Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurotoxicology, Vol. 15, No. 2, Pages 309-313, 27References,
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Ehrich, Marion ( Cell cultures for screening of antiesterase compounds. Adv. Anim. Altern. Saf. Efficacy Test.
(1998) 229-234. Editor: 229-234. Editor(s): Salem, Harry; Katz, Sidney A. Publisher: Taylor &
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Einfalt, Thomas, Arnbj erg-Nielsen, Karsten, Golz, Claudia, Jensen, Niels-Einar, Quirmbach, Markus , Vaes,
Guido, and Vieux, Baxter (2004). Towards a roadmap for use of radar rainfall data in urban
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Eisert, R., Levsen, K., and Wuensch, G. (1996). Multi-Residue Method For The Determination Of Organic
Micropollutants In Aqueous Samples By Solid-Phase Microextraction And Gas Chromatography .
Haberer, K. (Ed.). Vom Wasser, Band 86 (Water, Vol. 86). Xv+455p. Vch Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh:
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Eitzer, B. D. and Chevalier, A. (1999). Landscape Care Pesticide Residues In Residential Drinking Water
Wells. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 62: 420-427.
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El Bakouri, H., Morillo, J., Usero, J., and Ouassini, A. (Removal of Prioritary Pesticides Contamining R'mel
Ground Water by Using Organic Waste Residues. Commun agric appl biol sci. 2007; 72(2): 197-
207. [Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences]: Commun Agric Appl Biol
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
El Bakouri, Hicham, Morillo, JosG, Usero, JosG, and Ouassini, Abdelhamid (2009-). Natural attenuation of
pesticide water contamination by using ecological adsorbents: Application for chlorinated pesticides
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El-Baz, Farouk, Maingue, Monique, and Robinson, Cordula (2000). Fluvio-aeolian dynamics in the north-
eastern Sahara: the relationship between fluvial/aeolian systems and ground-water concentration.
Journal of Arid Environments 44: 173-183.
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Eldred, D. V. and Jurs, P. C. (Prediction of acute mammalian toxicity of Organophosphorus pesticide
compounds from molecular structure. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. (1999) 10: 75-99 CODEN:
SQERED; ISSN: 1062-936X.
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El-Elamy, A., El-Dib, M. A., and Elowa, S. E. (1991). Pesticide - solvent interaction: in vitro inhibition of
ATPase enzymes from tissues of fresh water - teleost. J. Environ. Sci. (Mansoura Egypt) 2: 32-52
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Elgar, Greg (2006). Different words, same meaning: understanding the languages of the genome. Trends in
Genetics 22: 639-641.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
El-Kabbany, S., Rashed, M. M., and Zayed, M. A. (2000). Monitoring Of The Pesticide Levels In Some Water
Supplies And Agricultural Land, In El-Haram, Giza (A.r.e.). Journal Of Hazardous Materials 72:
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El-Khatib, EL-Hussein Naguib, Abdel-Khalek, A. E. B., Abdel-Hamid, Z. H., and Ziada, R. (2006). Biochemical
Evaluation of the Placental Transfer of a Single Oral Dose of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in Pregnant Rats.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Ellenson, W. D., Mukerjee, S., Stevens, R. K., Willis, R. D., Shadwick, D. S., Somerville, M. C., and Lewis, R.
G. (1997). An Environmental Scoping Study In The Lower Rio Grade Valley Of Texas: li.
Assessment Of Transboundary Pollution Transport And Other Activities By Air Quality Monitoring.
Environment International 23: 643-655.
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Elliott, L. J. and Baron, S. (1991). Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 89-183-2101, Andrew Jackson
Junior High School, Cross Lanes, West Virginia. Report HETA-89-183-2101; Order No. PB91-
212571, 83pp. Avail.: NTISFrom: Gov. Rep. Announce. Index U. S.) 1991, 91(20. Abstr. No.
156,255.
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El-Masri, Hisham A., Mumtaz, Moiz M., and Yushak, Melinda L. (2004). Application of physiologically-based
pharmacokinetic modeling to investigate the toxicological interaction between chlorpyrifos and
parathion in the rat: Computational Methodologies and Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures
ICCM-2002 Symposium. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 16: 57-71.
Rejection Code: MODELING.
El-Sayed, G. N, El-Guindy, M. A., Madi, S. M., Dogheim, S. Ma, and Moawad, G. M. ( Geographical
distribution of organophosphorus insecticide-resistant strains of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera
littoralis, in the Nile Delta (Egypt). Bull Entomol Soc Egypt Econ Ser; 0 (12). 1980-1981 (1984)
(Reed. 1985). 71-82.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Elsebae, Ali A. (Enzyme activity as a biomarker for shrimp and artemia exposure to insecticides. Alexandria
Sci. Exch. (1996) 17: 417-428 CODEN: ALSEEF; ISSN: 1010-1098.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
El-Shahawi, M. S. (1997). Retention profiles of some commercial pesticides, pyrethroid and acaricide residues
and their application to tomato and parsley plants. J. Chromatogr. A 760: 179-192 CODEN:
JCRAEY; ISSN: 0021-9673.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
El-Shahawi, M. S., Kiwan, A. M., Al-Daheri, S. M., and Saleh, M. H. (1995). The Retention Behaviour And
Separation Of Some Water-Soluble Organophosphorus Insecticides On Polyester-Based
Polyurethane Foams. Talanta 42: 1471-1478.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Elzerman, A. W. and Coates, J. T. (1987). Hydrophobic Organic Compounds On Sediments Equilibria And
Kinetics Of Sorption. Hites, R. A. And S. J. Eisenreich (Ed.). Advances In Chemistry Series, 216.
Sources And Fates Of Aquatic Pollutants Symposium Held At The 190th Meeting Of The American
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Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, Usa, September 8-13, 1985. Xiii+558p. American Chemical
Society: Washington, D.c., Usa. Illus. Maps Isbn 0-8412-0983-9.; 0: 263-318.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Emeis, Stefan, Munkel, Christoph, Vogt, Siegfried, Muller, Wolfgang J., and Schafer, Klaus (2004).
Atmospheric boundary-layer structure from simultaneous SODAR, RASS, and ceilometer
measurements. Atmospheric Environment 38: 273-286.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Erdmann, Freidoon, Rochholz, Gertrud, and Schuetz, Harald (Retention-indexes on OV-1 of approximately
170 commonly used pesticides. Mikrochim. Acta (1992) 106: 219-26 CODEN: MIACAQ; ISSN:
0026-3672.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Escalada, M. M., Lazaro, A. A., and Heong, K. L. (1992). Early Spraying by Rice Farmers in Leyte, Philippines.
Int.Rice Res.Newsl. 17:27-28.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,MP,CYP,CPY Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Eskenazi, B., Marks, A. R., Bradman, A., Harley, K., Barr, D. B., Johnson, C., Morga, N, and Jewell, N. P. (
Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Neurodevelopment in Young Mexican-American
Children. Environ health perspect. 2007, may; 115(5):792-8. [Environmental health perspectives]:
Environ Health Perspect.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Espigares, M., Coca, C., Fernandez-Crehuet, M., Moreno, 0., Bueno, A., and Galvez, R. (1997). Pesticide
Concentrations In The Waters From A Section Of The Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain.
Environmental Toxicology And Water Quality 12: 249-256.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Espinosa-Mansilla, A., Salinas, F., and Zamoro, A. (1994). Kinetic Study Of The Degradation Of Chlorpyrifos
By Using A Stopped-Flow Fia System. Semiautomatic Determination In Commercial Formulations.
Talanta41: 651-657.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ester, A., Embrechts, A. Jm, De Moel Cp, and Vlaswinkel, M. Et (1994). Protection Of Field Vegetables
Against Insect Attacks By Covering Crops With Polyethylene Nets. Mededelingen Faculteit
Landbouwkundige En Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent 59: 561-569.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Esteve-Turrillas, F. A., Pastor, A., and De La Guardia, M. (Evaluation of Working Air Quality by Using
Semipermeable Membrane Devices. Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides. Anal chim acta.
2008, sep 19; 626(l):21-7. [Analytica chimica acta]: Anal Chim Acta.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Estournel, C., Broche, P., Marsaleix, P., Devenon, J. L., Auclair, F., and Vehil, R. (2001). The Rhone River
Plume in Unsteady Conditions: Numerical and Experimental Results. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf
Science 53: 25-38.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Evans, Diane L., Alpers, Werner, Cazenave, Anny, Elachi, Charles, Farr, Tom, Glackin, David, Holt, Benjamin,
Jones, Linwood, Liu, W. Timothy, McCandless, Walt, Menard, Yves, Moore, Richard, and Njoku,
Eni (2005). Seasat—A 25-year legacy of success. Remote Sensing of Environment 94: 384-404.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Evans, E. S. J., Nelson, J. H., Pennington, N. E., and Young, W. W. (1975). Larvicidal Effectiveness of a
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Controlled-Release Formulation of Chlorpyrifos in a Woodland Pool Habitat. Mosq.News
35(3):343-350 (PublAs 6035).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Everett, R. W. (1982). Effect of Dursban 44 on Semen Output of Holstein Bulls. J.Dairy Sci. 65: 1781-1794.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Fairey, R., Taberski, K., Lamerdin, S., Johnson, E., Clark, R. P., Downing, J. W., Newman, J., and Petreas, M.
(1997). Organochlorines And Other Environmental Contaminants In Muscle Tissues Of Sportfish
Collected From San Francisco Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34: 1058-1071.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Fan, A. M. and Jackson, R. J. (1989). Pesticides And Food Safety. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 9: 158-174.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Fang, H., Yu, Y. L., Wang, X. G., Chu, X. Q., Pan, X. D., and Yang, X. E. (Effects of Repeated Applications of
Chlorpyrifos on Its Persistence and Soil Microbial Functional Diversity and Development of Its
Degradation Capability. Bull environ contam toxicol. 2008, oct; 81(4):397-400. [Bulletin of
environmental contamination and toxicology]: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Fang, Hua, Qin Xiang, Yue, Jie Hao, Yi, Qiang Chu, Xiao, Dong Pan, Xue, Quan Yu, Jing, and Long Yu, Yun
(2008). Fungal degradation of Chlorpyrifos by Verticillium sp. DSP in pure cultures and its use in
bioremediation of contaminated soil and pakchoi. 61: 294-303.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Fangohr, Susanne and Woolf, David K. (2007). Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity
and their impact on regional and global marine C02 budgets: 5th International Symposium on Gas
Transfer at Water Surfaces - Selected papers from the 37th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean
Dynamics, 37th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics. Journal of Marine Systems
66: 195-203.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Farran, A., Ruiz, S., Serra, C., and Aguilar, M. (1996). Comparative Study Of High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography And Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Applied To The Analysis
Of Different Mixtures Of Pesticides. Journal Of Chromatography A 737: 109-116.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Fassnacht, S. R., Kouwen, N, and Soulis, E. D. (2001). Surface temperature adjustments to improve weather
radar representation of multi-temporal winter precipitation accumulations. Journal of Hydrology
253: 148-168.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Faustman, E. M., Silbernagel, S. M., Fenske, R. A., Burbacher, T. M., and Ponce, R. A. (2000). Mechanisms
Underlying Children's Susceptibility To Environmental Toxicants. Environmental Health
Perspectives 108: 13-21.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Fehringer, Norbert V. and Walters, Stephen M. (Evaluation of capillary gas Chromatography for pesticide and
industrial chemical residue analysis. II. Comparison of quantitative results obtained on capillary
and packed columns. J. -Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (1986) 69: 90-3 CODEN: JANCA2; ISSN: 0004-
5756.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Felsot, A. S. (1991). Enhanced Biodegradation Of Soil Insecticides In The Usa Significance And Management.
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Walker, A. (Ed.). British Crop Protection Council Monograph, No. 47. Pesticides In Soils And
Water: Current Perspectives Symposium, Coventry, England, Uk, March 25-27', 1991. Ix+233p.
British Crop Protection Council: Farnham, England, Uk. Illus. Maps. Paper. Isbn 0-948404-51-5.; 0:
41-50.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Felsot, A. S. and Pedersen, W. L. (1991). Pesticidal Activity Of Degradation Products. Somasundaram, L. And
J. R. Coats (Ed). Acs (American Chemical Society) Symposium Series, Vol. 459. Pesticide
Transformation Products: Fate And Significance In The Environment 200th National Meeting,
Washington, B.C., Usa, August 26-31, 1990. Xii+305p. American Chemical Society: Washington,
D.c.,Usa. Illus. IsbnO-8412-1994-X.;0: 172-187.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Fendinger, Nicholas J. and Glotfelty, Dwight E. (Henry's law constants for selected pesticides, PAHs and
PCBs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1990) 9: 731-5 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Feng, Y. and Bollag, J. M. (1994). Transformation Of 3 5 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol By Pseudomonas Corrugata.
94th General Meeting Of The American Society For Microbiology, Las Vegas, Nevada, Usa, May
23-27, 1994. Abstracts Of The General Meeting Of The American Society For Microbiology 94: 401.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Feng, Zhi-Ping, Zhang, Xiuzhen, Han, Pengfei, Arora, Neeraj, Anders, Robin F., and Norton, Raymond S.
(2006). Abundance of intrinsically unstructured proteins in P. falciparum and other apicomplexan
parasite proteomes. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 150: 256-267.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Fenske, R. A., Black, K. G., Elkner, K. P., Lee, C. L., Methner, M. M., and Soto, R. (1990). Potential Exposure
And Health Risks Of Infants Following Indoor Residential Pesticide Applications. Am J Public
Health 80: 689-693.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Feretti, D., Zerbini, I., Zani, C., Ceretti, E., Moretti, M., and Monarca, S. (2007). Allium cepa Chromosome
Aberration and Micronucleus Tests Applied to Study Genotoxicity of Extracts from Pesticide-
Treated Vegetables and Grapes. Food Addit.Contam. 24: 561-572.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ES,DCNA,ACP,FRM,CTN,DM,Folpet,VCZ,IPD,BFT,EP,AZ,FVL,DMT,OMT,CYP,MP,FNT,CBL,
CPY,MYC,EPRN,GCYH,CMX,HCZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO/MIXTURE.
Feretti, D., Zerbini, I., Zani, C., Ceretti, E., Moretti, M., and Monarca, S. (2007). Allium Cepa Chromosome
Aberration and Micronucleus Tests Applied to Study Genotoxicity of Extracts From Pesticide-
Treated Vegetables and Grapes. Food Addit.Contam. 24: 561-572.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ES,DCNA,ACP,FRM,CTN,DM,Folpet,VCZ,IPD,BFT,EP,AZ,FVL,DMT,OMT,CYP,MP,FNT,CBL,
CPY,MYC,EPRN,GCYH,CMX,HCZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO/MIXTURE.
Ferguson, B. S. and Nigg, H. N. (1996). Immunochemical Tests To Monitor Human Exposure To Pesticides
Saliva As Sample Source. Marshall, G. British Crop Protection Council Monograph, No. 65.
Diagnostics In Crop Production Symposium, Coventry, England, Uk, April 1-3, 1996. Xiv+395p.
British Crop Protection Council: 179-184.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Fermanich, K. J. and Daniel, T. C. (1991). Pesticide Mobility And Persistence In Microlysimeter Soil Columns
From A Tilled And No-Tilled Plot. J Environ Qual20: 195-202.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Fernandez, H. R., Kavi, H. H., Xie, W., and Birchler, J. A. (2005). Heterochromatin: On the ADAR Radar?
Current Biology 15: R132-R134.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Fernandez-Alba, A. R., Aguera, A., Contreras, M, Penuela, G., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D. (1998). Comparison
Of Various Sample Handling And Analytical Procedures For The Monitoring Of Pesticides And
Metabolites In Ground Waters. Journal Of Chromatography A 823: 35-47.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Fiedler, H., Herrmann, G., Schramm, K. W., and Hutzinger, 0. ( Application of QSARs to predict potential
aquatic toxicities of organochlorine pesticides. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. (1990) 26: 157-60 CODEN:
TECSDY; ISSN: 0277-2248.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
Fielding, M., Oakes, D. B., Cable, C., Moore, K., and Weddepohl, J. (Monitoring And Modelling Pesticide
Occurrences In A Rural Sources Of Drinking Water. British Crop Protection Council. Brighton
Crop Protection Conference: Pests And Diseases, 1994 Vol. 1-3; Proceedings Of An International
Conference, Brighton, England, Uk, November 21-24, 1994. Xxvi+498p. (Vol. 1); Xxvi+454p.(Vol.
2); Xxvi+466p.(Vol. 3) British Crop Protection Council (Bcpc): Farnham, England, Uk. Isbn 0-
948404-80-9(Set); Isbn 0-948404-81-7(Vol. 1); Isbn 0-948404-82-5(Vol. 2); Isbn 0-948404-83-
3(Vol. 3).; 0 (0). 1994. 1295-1300.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Fikes, J. D. (1990). Organophosphorus And Carbamate Insecticides. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:
353-368 .
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Fingas, Merv and Brown, Carl (2000). A Review of the Status of Advanced Technologies for the Detection of
Oil in and with Ice. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin 6: 295-302.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Fink, R., Beavers, J. B., and Brown, R. (1978). Final Report: Eleven-Day Toxicant 1 X LC50, with Five-day
Half-life, Decreasing Concentrations- Mallard Ducks: Chlorpyrifos. Proj. No. 102-184, Dow
Chemical Co.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Fink, R., Beavers, J. B., and Brown, R. (1978). Final Report: Eleven-day Toxicant Dietary 2 X LC50 Option
with Untreated Feed-Mallard Duck: Chlorpyrifos. Proj.No.103-182, Dow Chemical Co.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Fink, R., Beavers, J. B., and Brown, R. (1978). Final Report: Eleven-Day Toxicant 2 X LC50, with Five-Day
Half-life, Decreasing Concentrations- Mallard Duck: Chlorpyrifos. Proj.No.103-183, Dow
Chemical Co.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Fink, R., Beavers, J. B., and Brown, R. (1978). Final Report: Elevenday Toxicant Dietary LC50-Mallard Duck:
Chlorpyrifos. Project No. 103-181, Dow Chemical Co.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Fischer, Anna B. and Eikmann, Thomas (Improper use of an insecticide at a kindergarten. Toxicol. Lett. (1996)
88: 359-364 CODEN: TOLED5; ISSN: 0378-4274.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Fischer-Colbrie, P. (1988). Approved Active Substances for Austrian Fruit Growing and Their Side Effects (Fur
den Osterreichischen Obstbau Genehmigte Wirkstoffe und Ihre Nebenwirkungen auf Nutzlinge).
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Pflanzenschutz (Vienna) Spec. Issue 6: 13-15 (GER).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
TCF,PIM,PSM,PHSL,PMR,MP,PRN,OMT,MW,MOM,MDT,MLN,FNV,FNTH,FPP,AZ,CBL,CP
Y,CYF,CYP,DM,DZ,DDVP,DFZ,DMT,ES,FYC Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Fischer-Colbrie, P. (1988). Approved Active Substances for Austrian Fruit Growing and Their Side Effects (Fur
Den Osterreichischen Obstbau Genehmigte Wirkstoffe Und Ihre Nebenwirkungen Auf Nutzlinge).
Pflanzenschutz (Vienna) Spec. Issue 6: 13-15 (GER).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
TCF,PIM,PSM,PHSL,PMR,MP,PRN,OMT,MVP,MOM,MDT,MLN,FNV,FNTH,FPP,AZ,CBL,CP
Y,CYF,CYP,DM,DZ,DDVP,DFZ,DMT,ES,FYC Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Fleeger, J. W., Carman, K. R., and Nisbet, R. M. (2003). Indirect Effects of Contaminants in Aquatic Ecosystems.
Sci.TotalEnviron. 317: 207-233.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ES,CBL,CPY,CYP,EFV,FNV,PMR,HCCH,TMP,DM,ATZ,LNR,GFS,BNZ,Cu,PAH,LPS,PCP,CBD
,Cd,TBT Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Fleeger, J. W., Carman, K. R., and Nisbet, R. M. (2003). Indirect Effects of Contaminants in Aquatic
Ecosystems. Sci.Total Environ. 317: 207-233.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Flemer, D. A., Ruth, B. F., Bundrick, C. M., and Moore, J. C. (1997). Laboratory Effects of Microcosm Size and
the Pesticide Chlorpyrifos on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Colonization of Soft Estuarine Sediments.
Mar-Environ-Res 43: 243-263.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT.
Flemer, David A., Ruth, Barbara F., Bundrick, Charles M., and Moore, James C. (Laboratory effects of
microcosm size and the pesticide chlorpyrifos on benthic macroinvertebrate colonization of soft
estuarine sediments. Mar. Environ. Res. (1996) Volume Date 1997, 43: 243-263 CODEN:
MERSDW;ISSN:0141-1136.
Rejection Code: SEDIMENT.
Fodor-Csorba, K. (1992). Chromatographic Methods For The Determination Of Pesticides In Foods. J
Chromatogr624: 353-367.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Foerster, L. A. (1988). Effect of Low Dosages of Chlorpyriphos and Thiodicarb on Larvae of Epinotia Aporema
(Walsingham, 1914) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Soybeans. An.Soc.Entomol.Bras. 17:71-
79(POR) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,TDC Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Fogarty, L. R. and Duris, J. W. ( Screening for the Pesticides Atrazine, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Metolachlor, and
Simazine in Selected Michigan Streams, March-November 2005. Govt reports announcements &
index (gra&i), issue 14, 2008.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Font, G., Manes, J., Molto, J. C., and Pico, Y. (1993). Solid-Phase Extraction In Multi-Residue Pesticide
Analysis Of Water. J Chromatogr 642: 135-161.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Font, Guillermina, Juan-Garc0a, Ana, Fernfindez, Monica, and Ruiz, Mar0a Jose (2008-). In vitro effect of
organophosphate pesticides, Malathion and chlorpyriphos, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant
enzymes. 180: S103-S104.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
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Foreman, W. T., Majewski, M. S., Goolsby, D. A., Wiebe, F. W., and Coupe, R. H. (2000). Pesticides In The
Atmosphere Of The Mississippi River Valley, Part li: Air. Science Of The Total Environment 248:
213-216.
Rejection Code: SURVEY, NO TOX DATA.
Foster, G. D., Foreman, W. T., and Gates, P. M. (1991). Performance Of The Goulden Large-Sample Extractor
In Multiclass Pesticide Isolation And Preconcentration From Stream Water. JAgric Food Chem 39:
1618-1622.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Foster, G. D., Gates, P. M., Foreman, W. T., Mckenzie, S. W., and Rinella, F. A. (1993). Determination Of
Dissolved-Phase Pesticides In Surface Water From The Yakima River Basin, Washington, Using
The Goulden Large-Sample Extractor And Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Environ Sci
TechnolTl: 1911-1917.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Fountain, Michelle T., Brown, Valerie K., Gange, Alan C., Symondson, William 0. C., and Murray, Phil J. (
The effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on spider and Collembola communities. Pedobiologia In
Press, Corrected Proof: 251.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Fouss, J. L. and Jr, L. M. (Water And Agrochemical Management For Improved Surface And Ground Water
Quality. Fedrip Database, National Technical Information Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Foxenberg, R. J., Mcgarrigle, B. P., Knaak, J. B., Kostyniak, P. J., and Olson, J. R. (Human Hepatic Cytochrome
P450-Specific Metabolism of Parathion and Chlorpyrifos. Drug metab dispos. 2007, feb; 35 (2): 189-
93. [Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals]: Drug Metab Dispos.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Fragoso, D. B., Guedes, R. N. C., and Rezende, S. T. (2003). Glutathione S-Transferase Detoxification as a
Potential Pyrethroid Resistance Mechanism in the Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais.
Entomol.Exp.Appl. 109:21-29.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CYP.DM.PMR.CPYM.MLN.PIRM Rejection Code: NO
CONC/NO DURATION.
Frampton, G. K., Gould, P. J., Van Den Brink, P. J., and Hendy, E. ( Type 'a' and 'b' Recovery Revisited: the Role
of Field-Edge Habitats for Collembola and Macroarthropod Community Recovery After Insecticide
Treatment. Environpollut. 2007, feb; 145(3):874-83. [Environmentalpollution (barking, essex :
1987)]: Environ Pollut.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Frank, R. and Logan, L. (1988). Pesticide And Industrial Chemical Residues At The Mouth Of The Grand
Saugeen And Thames Rivers Ontario Canada 1981-1985. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 17: 741-
754.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Frank, R., Braun, H. E., Chapman, N., and Burchat, C. (1991). Degradation Of Parent Compounds Of Nine Usa
Organophosphorus Insecticides In Ontario Usa Surface And Ground Waters Under Controlled
Conditions. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 47: 374-380.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Frank, R., Braun, H. E., Clegg, B. S., Ripley, B. D., and Johnson, R. (1990). Survey Of Farm Wells For
Pesticides Ontario Canada 1986 And 1987. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 44: 410-419.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Frank, R., Braun, H. E., Ripley, B. D., and Clegg, B. S. (1990). Contamination Of Rural Ponds With Pesticide
1971-85 Ontario Canada. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 44: 401-409.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Frank, R., Logan, L., and Clegg, B. S. (1991). Pesticide And Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues In Waters At
The Mouth Of The Grand, Saugeen, And Thames Rivers, Ontario, Canada, 1986-1990. Arch
Environ Contam Toxicol 21: 585-595.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Frappart, Frederic, Calmant, Stephane, Cauhope, Mathilde, Seyler, Frederique, and Cazenave, Anny (2006).
Preliminary results of ENVISAT RA-2-derived water levels validation over the Amazon basin.
Remote Sensing of Environment 100: 252-264.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Frappart, Frederic, Seyler, Frederique, Martinez, Jean-Michel, Leon, Juan G., and Cazenave, Anny (2005).
Floodplain water storage in the Negro River basin estimated from microwave remote sensing of
inundation area and water levels. Remote Sensing of Environment 99: 387-399.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Frioud, M., Mitev, V., Matthey, R., Haberli, CH., Richner, H., Werner, R., and Vogt, S. (2003). Elevated
aerosol stratification above the Rhine Valley under strong anticyclonic conditions. Atmospheric
Environmental: 1785-1797.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Fruneau, Benedicte, Deffontaines, Benoit, Rudant, Jean-Paul, and Le Parmentier, Anne-Marie (2005).
Monitoring vertical deformation due to water pumping in the city of Paris (France) with differential
interferometry. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 337: 1173-1183.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Fryer, A. D. (Mechanistic Studies Investigating the Role of Organophosphate Insecticide Exposure in the
Development and Exacerbation of Asthma. Govt reports announcements & index
(gra&i), issue 02, 2004.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Fuchsbichler, G. ( Gel permeation chromatography, a universal clean-up method for determination of
pesticides. Landwirtsch. Forsch. (1983) 36: 130-9 CODEN: LAWFAA; ISSN: 0023-8147.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Fujimori, Kazuo, Takaishi, Yutaka, Nakano, Takeshi, and Okuno, Toshihide ( Variation of pesticides
concentration in air at golf links. Kankyo Kagaku (1993) 3: 348-9 CODEN: KKAGEY.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Funari, E. (1995). Human Health Implications Associated With The Presence Of Pesticides In Drinking Water.
Vighi, M. AndE. Funari (Ed.). Pesticide Risk In Groundwater. Xii+275p. Crc Press, Inc.: Boca
Raton, Florida, Usa London, England, Uk. Isbn 0-87371-439-3.; 0: 121-130.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Furlong, C. E. ( Genetic Variability in the Cytochrome P450-Paraoxonase 1 (Ponl) Pathway for Detoxication of
Organophosphorus Compounds. J biochem moltoxicol. 2007; 21(4): 197-205. [Journal of
biochemical and molecular toxicology]: J Biochem Mol Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Furlong, C. E., Richter, R. J., Seidel, S., Costa, L. G., Mcdonald, B. E., Murphy, S. D., Omenn, G. S., and
Motulsky, A. G. (1988). Hydrolysis Of Paraoxon And Chlorpyrifos Oxon By Human Rabbit And
Rat Serum Paraoxonase-Arylesterase. 39th Annual Meeting Of The American Society Of Human
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Genetics, New Orleans, Louisiana, Usa, October 12-15, 1988. Am JHum Genet 43: A6.
Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Furlong, C. E., Richter, R. J., Seidel, S., Motulsky, A. G., Omenn, G. S., Murphy, S. D., and Costa, L. G.
(1986). Organophosphate Toxicity And The Paraoxonase Polymorphism. 37th Annual Meeting Of
The American Society Of Human Genetics, Philadelphia, Pa., Usa, Nov. 2-5, 1986. Am J Hum Genet
39: All.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Fussell, R. J., Hetmanski, M. T., Macarthur, R., Findlay, D., Smith, F., Ambrus, A., and Brodesser, P. J. (
Measurement Uncertainty Associated With Sample Processing of Oranges and Tomatoes for
Pesticide Residue Analysis. J agric food chem. 2007,feb21; 5 5 (4): 1062-70. [Journal of
agricultural and food chemistry]: J Agric Food Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Gabrielides, G. P. (1995). Pollution Of The Mediterranean Sea. Water Science And Technology 32: 1-10.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Galagedara, L. W., Parkin, G. W., Redman, J. D., von Bertoldi, P., and Endres, A. L. (2005). Field studies of
the GPR ground wave method for estimating soil water content during irrigation and drainage.
Journal of Hydrology 301: 182-197.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Galera, M. M., Vidal, J. Lm, and Frenich, A. G. (1994). Simultaneous Determination Of Atrazine And
Chlorpyrifos In Pesticide Formulations In Solis And Waters By Derivative Spectrophotometry And
Ratio Spectra Derivative. Analytical Letters 27: 807-818.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Gamo, M., Oka, T., and Nakanishi, J. (1995). A Method Evaluating Population Risks From Chemical Exposure:
A Case Study Concerning Prohibition Of Chlordane Use In Japan. Regulatory Toxicology And
Pharmacology 21: 151-157.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gamo, Masashi, Oka, Tosihiro, and Nakanishi, Junko (2003). Ranking the risks of 12 major environmental
pollutants that occur in Japan: 4th International Workshop on Risk Evaluation and Management of
Chemicals. Chemosphere 53: 277-284.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gangoiti, Gotzon, Alonso, Lucio, Navazo, Marino, Albizuri, Amaia, Perez-Landa, Gorka, Matabuena, Monica,
Valdenebro, Veronica, Maruri, Mercedes, Antonio Garcia, Jose, and Millan, Millan M. (2002).
Regional transport of pollutants over the Bay of Biscay: analysis of an ozone episode under a
blocking anticyclone in west-central Europe. Atmospheric Environment 36: 1349-1361.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Gao, C., Govind, R., and Tabak, H. H. (1996). Predicting Soil Sorption Coefficients Of Organic Chemicals
Using A Neural Network Model. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 15: 1089-1096.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Garambois, Stephane, Senechal, Pascale, and Perroud, Herve (2002). On the use of combined geophysical
methods to assess water content and water conductivity of near-surface formations. Journal of
Hydrology 259: 32-48.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
GarcÍ, A-RodrÍ, Guez, D., Carro, A. M., Lorenzo, R. A., FernÁ, Ndez, F., and Cela, R. (
Determination of Trace Levels of Aquaculture Chemotherapeutants in Seawater Samples by Spme-
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Gc-Ms/Ms. Jsep sci. 2008, aug; 31(15): 2882-90. [Journal of separation science]: J Sep Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Garces-Garcia, Marta, Brun, Eva M, Puchades, Rosa, and Maquieira, Angel (2006). Immunochemical
determination of four organophosphorus insecticide residues in olive oil using a rapid extraction
process. Analytica ChimicaActa 556: 347-354.
Rejection Code: FOOD.
Garcia, S. J., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2005). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos: Targeting
Glial Cells. Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 19:455-461.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Garcia, S. J., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (2005). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos: Targeting
Glial Cells. Environ.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 19:455-461.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Garten, C. T. and Trabalka, J. R. (1983). Evaluation of Models for Predicting Terrestrial Food Chain Behavior of
Xenobiotics. Environ.Sci.Technol. 17: 590-595.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DZ,ADC,AND,AZ,BMY,HCCH,CBL,CHD,CPY,CPYM,CMPH,DDT,DMB,DLD,DMT,DU,ES,EN
,ETN,MLN,MTZ,MXC,MRX,PPHD,PCL,TDZ,TXP,TPR,TFL,PCB Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Garten, Charles T. Jr. and Trabalka, John R. (Evaluation of models for predicting terrestrial food chain
behavior of xenobiotics. Environ. Sci. Technol. (1983) 17: 590-5 CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN: 0013-
936X.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
Garton, L. S., Sylvester, B. A., Autenrieth, R. L., and Bonner, J. S. (1993). Fate And Effects Of Pollutants
Aquatic Sediments. Water Environ Res 65 : 534-547.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA/MODEL.
Gartrell, Marcia J., Craun, John C., Podrebarac, David S., and Gunderson, Ellis L. (Pesticides, selected
elements, and other chemicals in adult total diet samples, October 1980-March 1982. J. -Assoc. Off.
Anal. Chem. (1986) 69: 146-61 CODEN: JANCA2; ISSN: 0004-5756.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gartrell, Marcia J., Craun, John C., Podrebarac, David S., and Gunderson, Ellis L. (Pesticides, selected
elements, and other chemicals in adult total diet samples, October 1979-September 1980. J. -Assoc.
Off. Anal. Chem. (1985) 68: 1184-97 CODEN: JANCA2; ISSN: 0004-5756.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gartrell, Marcia J., Craun, John C., Podrebarac, David S., and Gunderson, Ellis L. (Pesticides, selected
elements, and other chemicals in infant and toddler total diet samples, October 1980-March 1982. J.
-Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (1986) 69: 123-45 CODEN: JANCA2; ISSN: 0004-5756.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gartrell, Marcia J., Craun, John C., Podrebarac, David S., and Gunderson, Ellis L. (Pesticides, selected
elements, and other chemicals in infant and toddler total diet samples, October 1979-September
1980. J. -Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (1985) 68: 1163-83 CODEN: JANCA2; ISSN: 0004-5756.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gatti, S. S., Henderson, G., Abdel-Aal, Y. A. I., and Ibrahim, S. A. (2002). Acetylcholinesterase Mediated
Susceptibility of Soldiers and Workers of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera:
Rhinotermitidae) to Chlorpyrifos. J.Econ.Entomol. 95: 813-819.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Gatti, S. S., Henderson, G., Abdel-Aal, Y. A. I., and Ibrahim, S. A. (2002). Acetylcholinesterase Mediated
Susceptibility of Soldiers and Workers of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera:
Rhinotermitidae) to Chlorpyrifos. J.Econ.Entomol. 95: 813-819.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Gaveau, David L. A., Balzter, Heiko, and Plummer, Stephen (2003). Forest woody biomass classification with
satellite-based radar coherence over 900 000 km2 in Central Siberia. Forest Ecology and
Management 174: 65-75.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Gearhart, D. A., Sickles, D. W., Buccafusco, J. J., Prendergast, M. A., and Terry, A. V. Jr. (2007). Chlorpyrifos,
Chlorpyrifos-Oxon, and Diisopropylfluorophosphate Inhibit Kinesin-Dependent Microtubule
Motility. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 218: 20-29.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Gearhart, D. A., Sickles, D. W., Buccafusco, J. J., Prendergast, M. A., and Terry, A. V. Jr. (2007). Chlorpyrifos,
Chlorpyrifos-Oxon, and Diisopropylfluorophosphate Inhibit Kinesin-Dependent Microtubule
Motility. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 218: 20-29.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Gelpi, C. G. and Norris, K. E. (2003). Estimated surface-wave contributions to radar Doppler velocity
measurements of the ocean surface. Remote Sensing of Environment 87: 99-110.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Geno, P. W., Camann, D. E., Harding, H. J., Villalobos, K., and Lewis, R. G. (1996). Handwipe Sampling And
Analysis Procedure For The Measurement Of Dermal Contact With Pesticides. Archives Of
Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 30: 132-138.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Georgakakos, K. P. (2000). Covariance propagation and updating in the context of real-time radar data
assimilation by quantitative precipitation forecast models. Journal of Hydrology 239: 115-129.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Georgakakos, Konstantine P. and Carpenter, Theresa M. (2006). Potential value of operationally available and
spatially distributed ensemble soil water estimates for agriculture: Measurement and
Parameterization of Rainfall Microstructure. Journal of Hydrology 328: 177-191.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Georgakakos, Konstantine P., Seo, Dong-Jun, Gupta, Hoshin, Schaake, John, and Butts, Michael B. ( 2004).
Towards the characterization of streamflow simulation uncertainty through multimodel ensembles:
The Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP). Journal of Hydrology 298: 222-241.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Georgakopoulos, P., Foteinopoulou, E., Athanasopoulos, P., Drosinos, E., and Skandamis, P. (Recoveries of Four
Representative Organophosphorus Pesticides From 18 Plant Products Belonging to Different
Botanical Categories: Implications for Matrix Effects. Food addit contam. 2007, apr; 24(4):360-8.
[Food additives and contaminants]: Food Addit Contam.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: METHODS.
George, T. K., Liber, K., Solomon, K. R., and Sibley, P. K. (1999). Assessment Of The Toxicity And
Interaction Of Pesticide Mixtures Using A Combination Approach Of Probabilistic Risk Assessment
And Toxic Equivalents. Proceedings Of The 26th Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop., Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada, October 04-06, 1999 .ycanadian Technical Report Of Fisheries And Aquatic
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Rejection Code: MIXTURE/METHOD.
Georghiou, G. P. (1972). Studies on Resistance to Carbamate and Organophosphorus Insecticides in Anopheles
Albimanus. Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg. 21: 797-806.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
TMP,PPX,CBL,MP,PRN,MLN,DDT,DLD,FNTH,FNT,DDVP,CPY Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Georghiou, G. P. (1972). Studies on Resistance to Carbamate and Organophosphorus Insecticides in Anopheles
albimanus. Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg. 21: 797-806.
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Georghiou, G. P. (1990). The Effect of Agrochemicals on Vector Populations. In: R.T.Roush andB.E.Tabashnik
(Eds.), Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods, Chapter 7, Chapman and Hall, New York, NY 183-202.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DDT.CBL.DLD.CPY Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Georghiou, G. P., Ariaratnam, V., Pasternak, M. E., and Lin, C. S. (1975). Evidence of Organophosphorus
Multiresistance in Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus and Culex Pipiens Pipiens in California. In:
Proc.Papers Annual Conf.of the Calif.Mosq.Control Assoc. 43: 41-44.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TBF,CP Y Rejection Code: NO DURATION.
Gerber, Rolf, Salat, Christina, Junge, Andreas, and Felix-Henningsen, Peter (2007). GPR-based detection of
Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits at a shallow-depth test site. Geoderma 139: 346-356.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Gerhard, I., Eckrich, W., and Runnebaum, B. (1993). Toxic Substances And Infertility Organic Solvents
Pesticides. GeburtshFrauenheilkd53: 147-160.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gerhart, B. B. and Cortes, H. J. (1990). Determination Of Chlorpyrifos In Water By Large-Volume Direct
Aqueous Injection Capillary Gas Chromatography. JChromatogr 503: 377-384.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Gerstl, Z. and Helling, C. S. (1987). Evaluation Of Molecular Connectivity As A Predictive Method For The
Adsorption Of Pesticides By Soils. J Environ Sci Health Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes
22: 55-70.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Gervais, Jennifer A., Rosenberg, Daniel K., Fry, D. Michael, Trulio, Lynne, and Sturm, Kenneth K. (
Burrowing owls and agricultural pesticides: evaluation of residues and risks for three populations in
California, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (2000) 19: 337-343 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-
7268.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Gevao, B., Semple, K. T., and Jones, K. C. (2000). Bound Pesticide Residues In Soils: A Review.
Environmental Pollution 108: 3-14.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Ghanem, I., Orfi, M., and Shamma, M. (Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos by Klebsiella Sp. Isolated From an
Activated Sludge Sample of Waste Water Treatment Plant in Damascus. Folia microbiol (praha).
2007; 52(4):423-7. [Folia microbiologica]: Folia Microbiol (Praha).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Ghisari, Mandana and Bonefeld-Jorgensen, Eva C. (2005). Impact of environmental chemicals on the thyroid
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hormone function in pituitary rat GH3 cells: Endocrine Mimicry and Disruption: Plasticisers and
other Environmental Chemicals. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 244: 31-41.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ghoneim, E. and El-Baz, F. (2007). The application of radar topographic data to mapping of a mega-
paleodrainage in the Eastern Sahara. Journal of Arid Environments 69: 658-675.
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Ghoorchian, H. and Sarbolouki, M. N. ( A biosensor for organophosphorus compounds. Iran. J. Chem. Chem.
Eng. (1991) 10: 78-84 CODEN: IJCEE9; ISSN: 1011-3509.
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Gibson, J. E., Chen, W. L., and Peterson, R. K. D. (1999). How to Determine if an Additional lOx Safety Factor Is
Needed for Chemicals: a Case Study With Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol.Sci. 48: 117-122.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Gibson, J. E., Peterson, R. Kd, and Shurdut, B. A. (1998). Human Exposure And Risk From Indoor Use Of
Chlorpyrifos. Environmental Health Perspectives 106: 303-306.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gibson, James E., Chen, William L., and Peterson, Robert K. D. (How to determine if an additional 10.times.
safety factor is needed for chemicals: a case study with Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol. Sci. (1999) 48: 117-
122 CODEN: TOSCF2; ISSN: 1096-6080.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Giesy, J. P., Solomon, K. R., Coats, J. R., Dixon, K. R., Giddings, J. M., and Kenaga, E. E. (1999). Chlorpyrifos:
Ecological Risk Assessment in North American Aquatic Environments.
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Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Gifford, J. S., Buckland, S. J., Judd, M. C., Mcfarlane, P. N., and Anderson, S. M. (1996). Pentachlorophenol
(Pep), Pcdd, Pcdf And Pesticide Concentrations In A Freshwater Lake Catchment. Chemosphere 32:
2097-2113.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Gillespie, A. M. and Walters, S. M. (1986). High-Performance Silica Column Fractionation Of Pesticides And
Polychlorinates Biphenyls From Butterfat. JLiq Chromatogr 9: 2111-2142.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Gillespie, Allesia M. and Walters, Stephen M. (Rapid clean-up of fat extracts for organophosphorus pesticide
residue determination using CIS solid-phase extraction cartridges. Anal. Chim. Ada (1991) 245:
259-65 CODEN: ACACAM; ISSN: 0003-2670.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Gillies, P. A., Womeldorf, D. J., Zboray, E. P., and White, K. E. (1972). Insecticide Susceptibility of Mosquitoes
in California. Status of Organophosphorus Resistance in Larval Aedes Nigromaculis and Culex
Tarsalis Through 1973. In: Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.Vector ControlAssoc. 40: 17-21.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW/SURVEY.
Gilliom, R. J., Barbash, J. E., Kolpin, D. W., and Larson, S. J. (1999). Testing Water Quality For Pesticide
Pollution: U.S. Geological Survey Investigations Reveal Widespread Contamination Of The Nation's
Water Resources. Environmental Science & Technology 33: 164a-169a.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Giordano, G., Afsharinejad, Z., Guizzetti, M., Vitalone, A., Kavanagh, T. J., and Costa, L. G. ( Organophosphorus
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Insecticides Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon and Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells in a Genetic Model
of Glutathione Deficiency. Toxicol applpharmacol. 2007, mar; 219(2-3): 181-9. [Toxicology and
applied pharmacology]: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Giraldo, D. L. and Palacio, J. A. (1999). Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Survival and Reproduction in Daphnia Pulex
(Efectos Del Clorpirifos Sobre La Supervivencia Y Reproduccione De Daphnia Pulex). Actual Biol.
21: 123-130 (SPA) (ENGABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Glenn, N. F. and Carr, J. R. (2004). The effects of soil moisture on synthetic aperture radar delineation of
geomorphic surfaces in the Great Basin, Nevada, USA. Journal of Arid Environments 56: 643-657.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Glotfelty, D. E., Majewski, M. S., and Seiber, J. N. (1990). Distribution Of Several Organophosphorus
Insecticides And Their Oxygen Analogues In A Foggy Atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 24: 353-
357.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Glover, David M., Frew, Nelson M., and McCue, Scott J. (2007). Air-sea gas transfer velocity estimates from
the Jason-1 and TOPEX altimeters: Prospects for a long-term global time series: 5th International
Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces - Selected papers from the 37th International Liege
Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, 37th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics.
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Current-Use Pesticides and Transformation Products. J environ sci health b. 2007, may; 42(4): 343-
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agricultural wastes]: J Environ Sci Health B.
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Goh, K. S., Edmiston, S., Maddy, K. T., and Margetich, S. (1986). Dissipation Of Dislodgeable Foliar Residue
For Chlorpyrifos And Dichlorvos Treated Lawn Implication For Safe Reentry. Bull Environ Contam
Toxicol 37: 33-40.
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Goh, K. S., Edmiston, S., Maddy, K. T., Meinders, D. D., and Margetich, S. (1986). Dissipation Of
Dislodgeable Foliar Residue Of Chlorpyrifos And Dichlorvos On Turf. Bull Environ Contam
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Gombar, Vijay K., Borgstedt, Harold H., Enslein, Kurt, Hart, Jeffrey B., and Blake, Benjamin W. ( A QSAR
model of teratogenesis. Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. (1991) 10: 306-32 CODEN: QSARDI; ISSN:
0931-8771.
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Gomes, J., Dawodu, A. H., Lloyd, 0., Revitt, D. M., and Anilal, S. V. (1999). Hepatic Injury and Disturbed
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Amino Acid Metabolism in Mice Following Prolonged Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides.
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Gomez, C., Arufe, M. I., Romero, J. L., Gamero, J., and Vizcaya, M. A. ( Analysis of Organophosphorus
insecticides in water by gas chromatography using two capillary columns of different polarity.
Comparison of two extraction methods. Rev. Toxicol. (1996) 13: 37-42 CODEN: REVTE9; ISSN:
0212-7113.
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Gomez-Gomez, C., Arufe-Martinez, M. L, Romero-Palanco, J. L., Gamero-Lucas, J. J., and Vizcaya-Rojas, M.
A. (1995). Monitoring Of Organophosphorus Insecticides In The Guadalete River Southern Spain.
Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 55: 431-438.
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Goncalves, F. L. T., Ramos, A. M., Freitas, S., Silva Dias, M. A., and Massambani, 0. (2002). In-cloud and
below-cloud numerical simulation of scavenging processes at Serra Do Mar region, SE Brazil.
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Gonzalez, T., Bisset, J. A., Diaz, C., Rodriguez, M. M., and Brandolini, M. B. (1999). Insecticide Resistance in a
Culex quinquefasciatus Strain from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem.Inst.Oswaldo Cruz 94: 121-122.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PPB,DEF,DDT,MLN,CPY,PIRM,PPX,CYP,DM,LCYT
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Gonzalez, T., Bisset, J. A., Diaz, C., Rodriguez, M. M., Brandolini, M. B., and T.Gonzalez (1999). Insecticide
Resistance in a Culex Quinquefasciatus Strain From Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Mem.Inst.Oswaldo
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PPB,DEF,DDT,MLN,CPY,PIRM,PPX,CYP,DM,LCYT
Rejection Code: NO DURATION.
Gonzalez-Lopez, J., Pozo, C., Salmeron, V., Rodelas, B., and Martinez-Toledo, M. V. ( Chlorpyrifos and soil
microbial activity. Ecol. Issues Environ. Impact Assess. (1997) 539-549. Editor: 539-549.
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and carbamates. Chapter 28. In: Biomedical Applications Of Immobilized Enzymes And Proteins.
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noninvasively by radiotelemetry: characterization by examination of vasomotor responses to
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Gore, Andrea C. (2002). Organochlorine pesticides directly regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene
expression and biosynthesis in the GT1-7 hypothalamic cell line. Molecular and Cellular
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Assistance Branch, Niosh, U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio,
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Gorokhovich, Y. and Voustianiouk, A. (2006). Accuracy assessment of the processed SRTM-based elevation
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rainfall-runoff simulations. Journal oj'Hydrology 321': 68-80.
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Goutel, Carole, Kishimoto, Yasuyuki, Schulte-Merker, Stefan, and Rosa, Frederic (2000). The ventralizing
activity of Radar, a maternally expressed bone morphogenetic protein, reveals complex bone
morphogenetic protein interactions controlling dorso-ventral patterning in zebrafish. Mechanisms of
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Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Grafton-Cardwell, E. E. ( Trends in pest densities, pesticide use, and pesticide resistance in san joaquin valley
cotton. Proc. -Beltwide Cotton Conf. (2000) 988-991 CODEN: PCOCEN; ISSN: 1059-2644.
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Graham, J. A. (1987). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography For Determination Of Trace Organic
Compounds In Aqueous Environmental Samples Assessment Of Current And Future Capabilities.
Suffet, I. H. AndM. Malaiyandi (Ed.). Advances In Chemistry Series, 214. Organic Pollutants In
Water: Sampling, Analysis, And Toxicity Testing Symposium Held At The 188th Meeting Of The
American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Usa, August 29-31, 1984. Xvi+797p.
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Gramatica, P., Corradi, M., and Consonni, V. (2000). Modelling And Prediction Of Soil Sorption Coefficients
Of Non-Ionic Organic Pesticides By Molecular Descriptors. Chemosphere 41: 763-777'.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
Grant, W. F. (1998). Higher Plant Assays For The Detection Of Genotoxicity In Air Polluted Environments.
Ecosystem Health 4: 210-229.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Gratani, Loretta and Bombelli, Antonio (2000). Correlation between leaf age and other leaf traits in three
Mediterranean maquis shrub species: Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia and Cistus incanus.
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Grattidge, R. (1990). Growing Capsicums and Chillies in Queensland. R.Grattidge, Growing Capsicums and
Chillies in Queensland, Queensl.Dep.of Primary Ind., Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 1-21.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CTN,DMT,MOM,MTM,FNTH,ES,MZB,MLX,CPY
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
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Ltd., London, England?,: 45-82.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ETU,ATZ,PRN,DXN,ES,MXC,HCCH,DDT,VCZ,CPY,DMBA,THM,CBL,TCDD Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Grecu, M. and Krajewski, W. F. (2000). A large-sample investigation of statistical procedures for radar-based
short-term quantitative precipitation forecasting. Journal of Hydrology 239: 69-84.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Grecu, M. and Krajewski, W. F. (2000). Simulation study of the effects of model uncertainty in variational
assimilation of radar data on rainfall forecasting. Journal of Hydrology 239: 85-96.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Green, A. S. (1996). A Holistic Study of Sediment-Associated Chlorpyrifos Effects on the Benthic Harpacticoid
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT CONC.
Green, A. S. and Chandler, G. T. (Life-table evaluation of sediment-associated chlorpyrifos chronic toxicity to
the benthic copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1996) 31: 77-83
CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
Rejection Code: SEDIMENT.
Green, A. S. and Chandler, G. T. (1996). Life-Table Evaluation of Sediment-Associated Chlorpyrifos Chronic
Toxicity to the Benthic Copepod, Amphiascus Tenuiremis. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 31: 77-
83.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT CONC.
Green, A. S., Chandler, G. T., and Piegorsch, W. W. (1996). Life-Stage-Specific Toxicity of Sediment-Associated
Chlorpyrifos to a Marine, Infaunal Copepod. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15: 1182-1188.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT CONC.
Green, Andrew S., Chandler, G. Thomas, and Piegorsch, Walter W. (Life-stage-specific toxicity of sediment-
associated chlorpyrifos to a marine, infaunal copepod. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1996) 15: 1182-
1188 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: SEDIMENT.
GREEN, MARTIN and ALERSTAM, THOMAS (2002). The Problem of Estimating Wind Drift in Migrating
Birds. Journal oj'Theoretical Biology 218: 485-496 .
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Greenberg, Jonathan Asher, Dobrowski, Solomon Z., and Ustin, Susan L. (2005). Shadow allometry:
Estimating tree structural parameters using hyperspatial image analysis. Remote Sensing of
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Greenhalgh, R. (1978). lupac Commission on Terminal Pesticide Residues. J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem. 61: 841-868.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CBL,ADC,MOM,FTT,CBF,RSM,BRSM,BZO,NSA,PPN,MLH,ETO,MB,EPH,TFN,MLN,DZ,PRN,
CPY,PCB,MXC,DDT,HPT,CHD,HPT,EN,DLD,HCCH,TXP,FNT,MLH,ATZ Rejection Code:
REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Greenstein, M. (1999). Phytoextraction of Chlorpyrifos Contaminated Soil Using Indian Mustard (Brassica
juncea). AAAS Annu.Meet.andScience Innovation Exposition "Challenges for a New Century",
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Jan.21-26, 1999, Anaheim, CA, Am.Assoc.Adv.Sci. 165.
Rejection Code: ABSTRACT/NOT PURSUING.
Grey, W. M. F., Luckman, A. J., and Holland, D. (2003). Mapping urban change in the UK using satellite radar
interferometry. Remote Sensing oj'Environment 81': 16-22.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Griffin, P., Mason, H., Heywood, K., and Cocker, J. ( Oral and dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos: a human
volunteer study. Occup. Environ. Med. (1999) 56: 10-13 CODEN: OEMEEM; ISSN: 1351-0711.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Griffin, P., Payne, M., Mason, H., Freedlander, E., Curran, A. D., and Cocker, J. ( The in vitro percutaneous
penetration of chlorpyrifos. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. (2000) 19: 104-107 CODEN: HETOEA; ISSN:
0960-3271.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Grigoryan, H., Schopfer, L. M., Thompson, C. M., Terry, A. V., Masson, P., and Lockridge, 0. (Mass
Spectrometry Identifies Covalent Binding of Soman, Sarin, Chlorpyrifos Oxon, Diisopropyl
Fluorophosphate, and Fp-Biotin to Tyrosines on Tubulin: a Potential Mechanism of Long Term
Toxicity by Organophosphorus Agents. Chem biol interact. 2008, sep 25; 175(1-3): 180-6.
[Chemico-biological interactions]: Chem Biol Interact.
Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Grippa, Manuela and Woodhouse, Iain H. (2003). Retrieval of bare soil and vegetation parameters from wind
scatterometer measurements over three different climatic regions. Remote Sensing of Environment
84: 16-24.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Grover, I. S., Dhingra, A. K., Adhikari, Neeta, and Ladhar, S. S. ( Genotoxicity of pesticides and plant systems.
Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. (1990) 340E: 91-106 CODEN: PCBRD2; ISSN: 0361-7742.
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Gruber, S. J. and Munn, M. D. (1998). Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides in Agricultural Waters and
Cholinesterase (Che) Inhibition in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio). Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.
35:391-396.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,AZ,DS,CBL,MLN,EP Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Grue, C. E., Fleming, W. J., Busby, D. G., and Hill, E. F. (1983). Assessing Hazards of Organophosphate
Pesticides to Wildlife. Wildl.Manag.Inst., Washington, DC 200-220.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PRN,ACP,TCF,FNTH,MLN,CPY,DZ,DDVP,FNT,PPHD,MP,PRT,MVP Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Guha, A., Kumari, B., Bora, T. C., and Roy, M. K. (Possible involvement of plasmids in degradation of
malathion and chlorpyriphos by Micrococcus sp. FoliaMicrobiol. (Prague) (1997) 42: 574-576
CODEN: FOMIAZ; ISSN: 0015-5632.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Gunderson, E. L. (1995). Dietary Intake Of Pesticides, Selected Elements, And Other Chemicals: Fda Total
Diet Study, June 1984-April 1986. Journal Of AoacInternational!^: 910-921.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Gunderson, E. L. (1995). Fda Total Diet Study, July 1986-April 1991, Dietary Intakes Of Pesticides, Selected
Elements, And Other Chemicals. Journal OfAoac International 78: 1353-1363.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Gunter, R. L. (2007). Assessment of boundary layer variations in the Tampa Bay Area during the Bay Region
Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE): (BRACE), Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Guo, Jianzhong, Liang, Xu, and Ruby Leung, L. (2004). Impacts of different precipitation data sources on
water budgets: The Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP). Journal of Hydrology 298:
311-334.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Guo, Yueliang Leon, Wang, Bour-Jr, Lee, Ching-Chang, and Wang, Jung-Der (Prevalence of dermatoses and
skin sensitization associated with use of pesticides in fruit farmers of southern Taiwan. Occup.
Environ. Med. (1996) 53: 427-431 CODEN: OEMEEM; ISSN: 1351-0711.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gupta, A., Bhatnagar, A., and Singh, B. (2000). Multidirectional Movement Of Chlorpyriphos In A Loamy
Sand Soil. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 64: 354-358.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Gupta, Subash C., Siddique, Hifzur R., Mathur, Neeraj, Mishra, Ranjit K., Mitra, Kalyan, Saxena, Daya K., and
Chowdhuri, Debapratim K. (2008-). Corrigendum to "Adverse effect of organophosphate
compounds, dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos in the reproductive tissues of transgenic Drosophila
melanogaster: 70akDa heat shock protein as a marker of cellular damage" [Toxicology 238 (2007) 1-
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Gurunathan, Somia (1998). Measurement and accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys
accessible to children. Avail: UMI. Order No. DA9900749 From: Diss. Abstr. Int., B 1999, 59. 8.
3989 249 pp.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gurunathan, Somia, Robson, Mark, Freeman, Natalie, Buckley, Brian, Roy, Amit, Meyer, Roy, Bukowski,
John, and Lioy, Paul J. ( Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to
children. Environ. Health Perspect. (1998) 106: 9-16 CODEN: EVHPAZ; ISSN: 0091-6765.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Gygax, Lorenz, Neisen, Gesa, and Bollhalder, Hubert (2007). Accuracy and validation of a radar-based
automatic local position measurement system for tracking dairy cows in free-stall barns. Computers
and Electronics in Agriculture 56: 23-33.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Gyoutoku, Y. and Kasio, T. (1990). Toxicity of Pesticides on the Oligota spp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).
Kyushu Byogaichu Kenkyukaiho 36: 155-159.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CTN,MZB,TPM,BMY,FBOX,CHX,DCF,BFZ,11CA,ACP,DDVP,DMT,FPP,PMR,EFX,BFT,CYP,F
NV,AMZ,CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Haberlandt, Uwe (2007). Geostatistical interpolation of hourly precipitation from rain gauges and radar for a
large-scale extreme rainfall event. Journal of'Hydrology 332: 144-157.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Haffner, Karin, Buenemann, G., and Schenker, D. (Effects of insecticides on fruit quality of apples.
Gartenbauwissenschaft (1985) 50: 177-83 CODEN: GTBWAY; ISSN: 0016-478X.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
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Hague, T., Marchant, J. A., and Tillett, N. D. (2000). Ground based sensing systems for autonomous
agricultural vehicles. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 25: 11-28.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Hailin, G., Ho, 0. L., and Xinhao, Y. (1997). Analysis Of Pesticides Using A Polypyrrole Modified Electrode.
Environmental Monitoring And Assessment 44: 361-367.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Haith, D. A., DiSante, C. J., Roy, G. R., and Clark, J. Marshall (Modeling approaches for assessment of
exposure from volatilized pesticides applied to turf. ACS Symp. Ser. (2000) 743: 255-267 CODEN:
ACSMC8; ISSN: 0097-6156.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Hall Lenwood W, Killen William D, and Anderson Ronald D (2006). Characterization of Benthic Communities
and Physical Habitat in the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced Rivers, California. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment [Environ. Monit. Assess.]. Vol. 115, no. 1-3, pp. 223-264. Apr 2006.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Hall, Christopher J., Flores, Maria Vega C., Davidson, Alan J., Crosier, Kathryn E., and Crosier, Philip S.
(2002). Radar Is Required for the Establishment of Vascular Integrity in the Zebrafish.
Developmental Biology 251: 105-117.
Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Hall, G. L., Whitehead, W. E., Mourer, C. R., and Shibamoto, T. (1986). A New Gas Chromatographic
Retention Index For Pesticides And Related Compounds. J High Resolut Chromatogr Chromatogr
Commun9: 266-271.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hall, L. W Jr and Alden, R. W lii (1997). A Review Of Concurrent Ambient Water Column And Sediment
Toxicity Testing In The Chesapeake Bay Watershed: 1990-1994. Environmental Toxicology And
Chemistry 16: 1606-1617.
Rejection Code: SURVEY, EFFLUENT.
Hall, R. (1987). Tailoring Your Treatments. Pest Control 55: 32, 36, 63.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hall-Atkinson, Cynthia and Smith, Laurence C. (2001). Delineation of delta ecozones using interferometric
SAR phase coherence: Mackenzie River Delta, N. W.T., Canada. Remote Sensing of Environment
78: 229-238.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Hallberg, G. R. (1989). Pesticide Pollution Of Groundwater In The Humid Usa. Agric Ecosyst Environ 26: 299-
368.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Hanna, Steven R., MacDonald, Clinton P., Lilly, Mark, Knoderer, Charles, and Huang, C. H. (2006). Analysis
of three years of boundary layer observations over the Gulf of Mexico and its shores: Merging
Engineering and Science in Marine Environmental Model Applications. Estuarine, Coastal and
Shelf'Science 70: 541-550.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Hanratty, M. P. and Stay, F. S. (1994). Field Evaluation of the Littoral Ecosystem Risk Assessment Model's
Predictions of the Effects of Chlorpyrifos. J.Appl.Ecol. 31: 439-453.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: MODELING/REVIEW.
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Hanssen, Ramon F. (2005). Satellite radar interferometry for deformation monitoring: a priori assessment of
feasibility and accuracy: Data Quality in Earth Observation Techniques. InternationalJournal of
Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 6: 253-260.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kara, A. H., Hata, T. Y., Tenbrink, V. L., Hu, B. Ks, and Nagao, M. A. (1992). Postharvest Treatment For Pests
Of Tropical Cut Flowers And Foliage. 89th Annual Meeting Of The American Society For
Horticultural Science, Honolulu, Hawaii, Usa, July 30-August 6, 1992. Hortscience 27: 630.
Rejection Code: DEAD.
Haraguchi, K., Kitamura, E., Yamashita, T., and Kido, A. (1995). Simultaneous Determination Of Trace
Pesticides In Urban Precipitation. Atmospheric Environment 29: 247-253.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Harcz, P., De Temmerman, L., De Voghel, S., Waegeneers, N., Wilmart, 0., Vromman, V., Schmit, J. F., Moons,
E., Van Peteghem, C., De Saeger, S., Schneider, Y. J., Larondelle, Y., and Pussemier, L. (
Contaminants in Organically and Conventionally Produced Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) in
Belgium. Food addit contam. 2007, jul; 24(7):713-20. [Food additives and contaminants]: Food
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Hardersen, S. (2000). The Role Of Behavioural Ecology Of Damselflies In The Use Of Fluctuating Asymmetry
As A Bioindicator Of Water Pollution. Ecological Entomology 25: 45-53.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Harford, Andrew J., O'Halloran, Kathryn, and Wright, Paul F. A. (2005). The effects of in vitro pesticide
exposures on the phagocytic function of four native Australian freshwater fish. Aquatic Toxicology
75: 330-342.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Harlan, J. A., Swearer, S. E., Leben, R. R., and Fox, C. A. (2002). Surface circulation in a Caribbean island
wake. Continental Shelf'Research 22: 417-434.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Harman, I. T. and Drake, V. A. (2004). Insect monitoring radar: analytical time-domain algorithm for retrieving
trajectory and target parameters. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 43: 23-41.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Harman-Fetcho, J. A., Mcconnell, L. L., and Baker, J. E. (1999). Agricultural Pesticides In The Patuxent River,
A Tributary Of The Chesapeake Bay. Journal Of Environmental Quality 28: 928-938.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Harman-Fetcho, J. A., Mcconnell, L. L., Rice, C. P., and Baker, J. E. (2000). Wet Deposition And Air-Water Gas
Exchange Of Currently Used Pesticides To A Subestuary Of The Chesapeake Bay. Environmental
Science & Technology 34: 1462-1468.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Harris, B. A. (1985). The Development of Synthetic Pyrethroids, Their Role in Efficient Crop Protection and the
Continued Improvement in This Insecticide Group. Mater.Ses.Nauk.Inst.Ochr.Rosl.(Poznan) 25:
183-199.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,C YP,PMR,DM,FNT Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Harris, C. R. (1971). Influence of Temperature on the Biological Activity of Insecticides in Soil. J.Econ.Entomol.
64: 1044-1049.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AND,HPT,DDT,DZ,CP Y,MOM Rejection Code: NO
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DURATION.
Harris, C. R. (1971). Influence of Temperature on the Biological Activity of Insecticides in Soil. J.Econ.Entomol.
64: 1044-1049.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AND.HPT.DDT.DZ.CPY.MOM Rejection Code: NO
DURATION.
Harris, C. R. and Turnbull, S. A. (1978). Laboratory Studies on the Contact Toxicity and Activity in Soil of Four
Pyrethroid Insecticides. Can.Entomol. 110:285-288.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBF Rejection Code: NO DURATION.
Harris, C. R., Chapman, R. A., Tolman, J. H., Moy, P., Henning, K., and Harris, C. (1988). A Comparison Of
The Persistence In A Clay Loam Of Single And Repeated Annual Applications Of Seven Granular
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Harrison, S. A., Watschke, T. L., Mumma, R. 0., Jarrett, A. R., and Hamilton, G. W Jr (1993). Nutrient And
Pesticide Concentrations In Water From Chemically Treated Turfgrass. Racke, K. D. And A. R.
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Harvey, R. G., Dekker, J. H., Fawcett, R. S., Roeth, F. W., and Wilson, R. G. (1987). Enhanced Biodegradation of
Herbicides in Soil and Effects on Weed Control. Weed Technol. 1: 341-349.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,CBF,CP Y,BT Y,EPTC Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Hasegawa, Y., Nakamura, Y., Tonogai, Y., and Ito, Y. (1988). New Methodology For Analysis Of Small
Amount Of Organic Pollutants In Environmental Water Using Dean-Stark Distillation Method.
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Hastenteufel, S., Hazard, S. A., and Betz, W. R. (Monitoring of organohalogen and organophosphorus
compounds in industrial/indoor atmospheres. Spec. Publ. -R. Soc. Chem. (1992) 108: 396-9
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(Eds.), Vet.Pharmacol.Theraput., 6thEdition, lowaState Univ.Press, Ames, Iowa 1053-1101.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PNB,Pb,DDT,ES,CHD,HCCH,TXP,AND,EN,DLD,CBL,PRN,CPY Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Hatrik, S. and Tekel, J. (1996). Extraction Methodology And Chromatography For The Determination Of
Residual Pesticides In Water. Journal Of Chromatography A 733: 217-233.
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Hatzell, H. H. (Pesticides In Surface Water From Three Agricultural Basins In South-Central Georgia, 1993-
95. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 17, 1997.
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Hatzilazarou, S. P., Charizopoulos, E., Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, E., and Economou, A. S. (2005). Persistence of
Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Dimethoate Sprayed in the Greenhouse Environment During
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of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Dimethoate Sprayed in the Greenhouse Environment During
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Biological Monitoring, Kyoto, Japan, October 12-15, 1992. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 65:
S69-S76.
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Tabaci Field Populations]. Yingyong sheng tai xue bao. 2007, jul; 18(7): 1578-82. [Yingyong sheng
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shenyang yingyong sheng taiyanjiu suo zhu ban]: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
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Systems With Two Mosquito Larvicides-Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl. 10th Annual
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Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci.No.1368 291 (ABS).
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Applicability Of Two Elisa Types For The Determination Of Chlorpyrifos In Soil Samples
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2bl by Pyrethroids in Primary Rat Hepatocyte Cultures. Biochem.Pharmacol. 62: 71-79.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ADC,TBO,CBF,TFT,CP Y,HCCH Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ADC,PPX,OXD,CPY,DEM,TMP,FNTH,MRX,PCB,ES,CHD,TXP,AND,EN,HPT,DDT,PRN,CBF,
MLN,DCTP,DLD,ZnP,Hg Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Hendriks, A. J., Pieters, H., and De Boer J (1998). Accumulation Of Metals, Polycyclic (Halogenated) Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, And Biocides In Zebra Mussel And Eel From The Rhine And Meuse Rivers.
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for the Design of a Momentum Type Beet Mass Flow Sensor. Biosystems Engineering 85: 425-436.
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Hennings, Ingo, Metzner, Margitta, and de Loor, G. P. (2002). The influence of quasi resonant internal waves
on the radar imaging mechanism of shallow sea bottom topography. Oceanologica Acta 25: 87-99.
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Hennion, M. C. (1998). Applications And Validations Of Immunoassays For Pesticides Analysis. Analusis 26:
M149-M155.
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Hennion, M. C. and Barcelo, D. (1998). Strengths And Limitations Of Immunoassays For Effective And
Efficient Use For Pesticide Analysis In Water Samples: A Review. Analytica ChimicaActa 362: 3-
34.
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Henriques, W., Jeffers, R. D., Lacher, T. E Jr, and Kendall, R. J. (1997). Agrochemical Use On Banana
Plantations In Latin America: Perspectives On Ecological Risk. Environmental Toxicology And
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Henschler, D., Schmuck, G., Van Aerssen, M., and Schiffmann, D. (1992). The Inhibitory Effect of Neuropathic
Organophosphate Esters on Neurite Outgrowth in Cell Cultures: a Basis for Screening for Delayed
Neurotoxicity. Toxicol.In Vitro 6: 327-335.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDVP Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Henschler, D., Schmuck, G., Van Aerssen, M., and Schiffmann, D. (1992). The Inhibitory Effect of
Neuropathic Organophosphate Esters on Neurite Outgrowth in Cell Cultures: A Basis for Screening
for Delayed Neurotoxicity. Toxicol.In Vitro 6: 327-335.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Henschler, D., Schmuck, G., Van Aerssen, M., and Schiffmann, D. ( The inhibitory effect of neuropathic
Organophosphate esters on neurite outgrowth in cell cultures: a basis for screening for delayed
neurotoxicity. Toxicol. in Vitro (1992) 6: 327-35 CODEN: TIVIEQ; ISSN: 0887-2333.
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Heo, Joon, Kim, Jin Woo, Pattnaik, Sitansu, and Sohn, Hong-Gyoo (2006). Quality improvement of loblolly
pine (Pinus taeda) plantation inventory GIS using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (STRM) and
the National Elevation Dataset (NED). Forest Ecology and Management 233: 61-68.
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Heong, K. L. and Escalada, M. M. (1998). Changing Rice Farmers' Pest Management Practices Through
Participation in a Small-Scale Experiment. Int.J.PestManag. 44 : 191-197.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,CYP,CPY,MP Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Heong, K. L., Escalada, M. M., and Mai, V. 0. (1994). An Analysis of Insecticide Use in Rice: Case Studies in
the Philippines and Vietnam. Int.J.PestManag. 40 : 173-178.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EF V,DM,ES,EN,HCCH,CP Y,MP,MTM,DZ,MLN,CBF,C YP
Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Herbicide antidotes as safeners for reducing phytotoxicity resulting from synergistic interaction between
herbicides and other pesticides. U.S. MONPATENT NO. KIND DATE APPLICATION
NO. DATE - 59 pp. Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 636,360, abandoned. CODEN: USXXAM.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE - PATENT ONLY.
Herkimer, M., Kinnear, D., Krauth, P., Loader, K., Okey, R., Rawlings, L., and Reynolds, F. (1998).
Biomonitoring. Water Environment Research 70: 954-962.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Hernandez, F., Portola©S, T., Pitarch, E., and La3Pez, F. J. ( Target and Nontarget Screening of Organic
Micropollutants in Water by Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined With Gas
Chromatography/High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal chem. 2007, dec 15;
79(24):9494-504. [Analytical chemistry]: Anal Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Hernandez, F., Serrano, R., Pitarch, E., and Lopez, F. J. (1998). Automated Sample Clean-Up Procedure For
Organophosphorus Pesticides In Several Aquatic Organisms Using Normal Phase Liquid
Chromatography. AnalyticaChimicaActa374'. 215-229.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hernandez, F., Serrano, R., Roig-Navarro, A. F., Martinez-Bravo, Y., and Lopez, F. J. (2000). Persistent
Organochlorines And Organophosphorus Compounds And Heavy Elements In Common Whale
(Balaenoptera Physalus) From The Western Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40: 426-
433.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Hernandez, Felix, Serrano, Roque, Beltran, Joaquim, and Lopez, Francisco ( Comparison of cleanup techniques
for simple method for analysis of selected organophosphorus pesticide residues in mollusks. J.
AOACInt. (1996) 79: 123-31 CODEN: JAINEE; ISSN: 1060-3271.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hernandez, Janet, Robledo, Norma R., Velasco, Luis, Quintero, Rodolfo, Pickard, Michael A., and Vazquez -
Duhalt, Rafael ( Chloroperoxidase-mediated oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides. Pestic.
Biochem. Physiol. (1998) 61: 87-94 CODEN: PCBPBS; ISSN: 0048-3575.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hernandez-Hernandez, Carlos N. A., Valle-Mora, Javier , Santiesteban-Hernandez, Antonio, and Bello-
Mendoza, Ricardo ( Comparative ecological risks of pesticides used in plantation production of
papaya: Application of the SYNOPS indicator. Science of The Total Environment In Press,
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Herold, Nathaniel D., Haack, Barry N., and Solomon, Elizabeth (2004). An evaluation of radar texture for land
use/cover extraction in varied landscapes. InternationalJournal of Applied Earth Observation and
Geoinformation 5: 113-128.
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Herr, C., Fischer, A. B., and Eikmann, T. (1997). Environmental Medicine Outpatient Clinic Residential
Cockroach Control. 5th Congress Of The Gesellschaft Fuer Hygiene Und Umweltmedizin (Society
For Hygiene And Envrionmental Medicine), Aachen, Germany, March 6-8, 1997. Zentralblatt Fuer
Hygiene Und Umweltmedizin 199: 460.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Herve, J. J. (1985). Agricultural, Public Health and Animal Health Usage. In: J.P.Leakey (Ed.), The Pyrethroid
Insecticides, Chapter 6, Taylor and Francis, London 343-425.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,ES,CPY,DZ,CBL,DLD,RSM,DDT Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Herzog, D. P., Mihaliak, C. A., Jourdan, S. W., and Lawruk, T. S. (1995 ). Immunochemical Measurement Of
Chlorpyrifos In Multiple Matrices. Journal Of'Clinical LigandAssay 18: 150-155.
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Hess, Laura L., Melack, John M., Novo, Evlyn M. L. M., Barbosa, Claudio C. F., and Gastil, Mary (2003).
Dual-season mapping of wetland inundation and vegetation for the central Amazon basin: Large
Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia. Remote Sensing of Environment 87: 404-
428.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Hill, A. S., Skerritt, J. H., Bushway, R. J., Pask, W., Larkin, K. A., Thomas, M., Korth, W., and Bowmer, K.
(1994). Development And Application Of Laboratory And Field Immunoassays For Chlorpyrifos In
Water And Soil Matrices. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 42: 2051-2058.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Hill, B. D. and Inaba, D. J. (1990). An Impingement Plate Method To Detect Aerial Deposits Of Chloropyrifos.
J Environ Sci Health Part B Pestic Food ContamAgric Wastes 25: 415-432.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hill, I. R. (1985). Effects on Non-Target Organisms in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments. In: J.P.Leahey
(Ed.), The Pyrethroid Insecticides, Taylor & Francis, London, UK 162-262.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PMR,ES,C YP,PL,DMT,PCP,CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
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Hill, R. H Jr, Head, S. L., Baker, S., Gregg, M, Shealy, D. B., Bailey, S. L., Williams, C. C., Sampson, E. J.,
and Needham, L. L. (1995). Pesticide Residues In Urine Of Adults Living In The United States:
Reference Range Concentrations. Environmental Research 71: 99-108.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hill, R. H Jr, Head, S. L., Gregg, M., Baker, S. E., and Needham, L. L. (1995). Urinary Pesticide Residues
Among 1 000 Adults In The U.S. 209th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Anaheim,
California, Usa, April 2-6, 1995. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 209: Agro 93.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hill, Robert H. Jr., Head, Susan L., Baker, Sam, Rubin, Carol, Esteban, Emilio, Bailey, Sandra L., Shealy, Dana
B., Needham, Larry L., Hammond, Pamela I., Jelacic, tanya, Padilla, Stephanie, and Brimijoin,
Stephen ( The use of reference range concentrations in environmental health investigations.
Quantitative, video-based histochemistry to measure regional effects of anticholinesterase pesticides
in rat brain. ACSSymp. Ser. (1996). Anal. Biochem. (1996) 241: 643, 39-48 CODEN: ACSMC8;
ISSN: 0097-6156. 82-92 CODEN: ANBCA2; ISSN: 0003-2697.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hinckley, Daniel A., Bidleman, Terry F., Foreman, William T., and Tuschall, Jack R. (Determination of vapor
pressures for nonpolar and semipolar organic compounds from gas chromatograhic retention data. J.
Chem. Eng. Data (1990) 35: 232-7 CODEN: JCEAAX; ISSN: 0021-9568.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hirakoso, S. (1969). Inactivating Effects of Micro-Organisms on Insecticidal Activity of Dursban.
Jpn.J.Exp.Med. 39: 17-20.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Hobaus, E. (1989). Active Substances and Plant Protection Agents Approved for Use Against Animal Pests in
Viticulture Listed by Active Substance (Wirkstoffe und Genehmigte Pflanzenschutzmittel Gegen
Tierische Schadlinge im Weinbau (nach Wirkstoffen Geordnet)). Pflanzenschutz (Vienna) 2: 12-15
(GER).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PCZ,PMR,PRN,CYP,TDF,CBL,CTN,TFR,PSM,PHSL,MP,OMT,MOM,MDT,HTX,FNV,FNTH,FP
P,TCF,FNT,FBOX,ES,AZ,CPYM,CYF,DM,DZ,DMT,DINO Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Hobaus, E. (1989). Active Substances and Plant Protection Agents Approved for Use Against Animal Pests in
Viticulture Listed by Active Substance (Wirkstoffe Und Genehmigte Pflanzenschutzmittel Gegen
Tierische Schadlinge Im Weinbau (Nach Wirkstoffen Geordnet)). Pflanzenschutz (Vienna) 2: 12-15
(GER).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PCZ,PMR,PRN,CYP,TDF,CBL,CTN,TFR,PSM,PHSL,MP,OMT,MOM,MDT,HTX,FNV,FNTH,FP
P,TCF,FNT,FO,ES,AZ,CPYM,CYF,DM,DZ,DMT,DINO Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Hobbs, Stephen, Seynat, Cedric, and Matakidis, Panos (2007). Videogrammetry: A practical method for
measuring vegetation motion in wind demonstrated on wheat. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
143:242-251.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Hodgson, E. (Human Metabolism and Interactions of Deployment-Related Chemicals. Govt reports
announcements & index (gra&i), issue 19, 2002.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hodgson, E. (1987). Reviews In Environmental Toxicology 3. Hodgson, E. (Ed.). Reviews In Environmental
Toxicology, 3. Xi+287p. Elsevier Science Publishers B.v.: Amsterdam, Netherlands (Dist. In The
Usa And Canada By Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.: New York, New York, Usa). Illus. Maps.
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Isbn 0-444-80902-3. 0: Xi+287p.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA/REVIEW.
Hodgson, E. and Rose, R. L. (Human Metabolic Interactions of Environmental Chemicals . J biochem mol
toxicol. 2007; 21(4): 182-6. [Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology]: J Biochem Mol
Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hodgson, E. and Rose, R. L. (Metabolic Interactions of Agrochemicals in Humans. Pest manag sci. 2008, jun;
64(6):617-21. [Pest management science]: Pest Manag Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hodgson, E., Kulkarni, A. P., Fabacher, D. L., and Robacker, K. M. (1980). Induction of Hepatic Drug
Metabolizing Enzymes in Mammals by Pesticides: a Review. J.Environ.Sci.Health B15: 723-754.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
MLN,PMR,TFN,ES,CPY,PPB,NCTN,HCCH,HPT,TXP,DS,CBL,PRN,DLD,DDT,CHD,PCB,AND,
PAH,MRX,TCDD Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Hodgson, M. J., Block, G. D., and Parkinson, D. K. (1986). Organophosphate Poisoning In Office Workers. J
OccupMed 28: 434-437.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hodgson, Michael E., Jensen, John R., Schmidt, Laura, Schill, Steve, and Davis, Bruce (2003). An evaluation of
LIDAR- and IFSAR-derived digital elevation models in leaf-on conditions with USGS Level 1 and
Level 2 OEMs. Remote Sensing of Environment 84: 295-308.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Hogenboom, A. C., Malmqvist, U. K., Nolkrantz, K., Vreuls, J. J., and Brinkman, U. At (1997). Rapid Analysis
Of Organic Microcontaminants In Environmental Water Samples By Trace Enrichment And Liquid
Chromatography On A Single Short Column. Journal OfChromatographyA 759: 55-64.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hogmire, H. W. and Winfield, T. (1997). Igr Evaluation Experiment 1, 1996. Arthropod Manag.Tests 22: 6-7
(7A).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZ,IMC,TUZ Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Holah, N, Baghdadi, N, Zribi, M., Bruand, A., and King, C. (2005). Potential of ASAR/ENVISAT for the
characterization of soil surface parameters over bare agricultural fields. Remote Sensing of
Environment 96: 78-86.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Holcombe, Gary W., Phipps, Gary L., and Veith, Oilman D. (Use of aquatic lethality tests to estimate safe
toxicant concentrations for initial ecological risk assessments. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. (1988) 1007:
442-58 CODEN: ASTTA8; ISSN: 0066-0558.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Holladay, S. D., Smith, S. A., and El Habback, H. (1994). Altered Pronephric Macrophage Phagocytosis in
Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Exposed to 1 Part-Per-Billion of the Organophosphate Insecticide,
Chlorpyrifos. Int.Symp.on Aquatic Animal Health, Sept.4-8, 1994, Seattle, WA 71.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Holland, P. T., Maber, J. F., May, W. A., and Malcolm, C. P. (Drift from orchard spraying. Proc. N. Z. Plant
Prot. Conf. (1997) 50th, 112-118 CODEN: PNZCEJ; ISSN: 1172-0719.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Holstege, D. M, Scharberg, D. L., Richardson, E. R., and Moller, G. (1991). Multiresidue Screen for
Organophosphorus Insecticides Using Gel Permeation Chromatography - Silica Gel Cleanup.
J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem. 74: 394-399.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PTP,PPHD,MDT,IFP,FNF,FMP,EP,ACP,AZ,CPY,CMPH,DZ,DS,DDVP,DMT,FNTH,MLN,MP,M
VP,Naled,PRN,PRT,PHSL,PSM,TBO,DEM,DS,ETN,SLCD Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Holstege, Dirk M., Scharberg, David L., Tor, Elizabeth R., Hart, Laura C., and Galey, Francis D. ( A rapid
multiresidue screen for organophosphorus, organochlorine, and N-methyl carbamate insecticides in
plant and animal tissues . J. AOAC Int. (1994) 77: 1263-74 CODEN: JAINEE; ISSN: 1060-3271.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Honeycutt, R., Day, E., Chen, W., and Houtman, B. (1996). Use Of Simultaneous Biological Monitoring And
Dermal Dosimetry Techniques To Determine The Exposure Of Chlorpyrifos To Applicators And
Reentry Workers. 211th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana,
Usa, March 24-28, 1996. Abstracts Oj'Papers American Chemical Society 211: Agro 151.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hooper, Donald M., Bursik, Marcus L, and Webb, Frank H. (2003). Application of high-resolution,
interferometric OEMs to geomorphic studies of fault scarps, Fish Lake Valley, Nevada-California,
USA. Remote Sensing of Environment 84: 255-267.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Horowitz, A. R. and Ishaaya, I. (1996). Chemical Control of Bemesia Management and Application. In:
D.Gerling and R.T.Mayer (Eds.), Bemisia: 1995, Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control and
Management, Intercept Ltd., Andover, England 537-556.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PRT,ES,ACP,AZ,CPY,MDT,PL,CYP,DM,FPP,PMR,BZ,ACP,DMT,MTM,MOM,CYF,EFV,AV
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Horritt, M. S. and Bates, P. D. (2002). Evaluation of ID and 2D numerical models for predicting river flood
inundation. Journal of Hydrology 26%: 87-99.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Horritt, M. S., Mason, D. C., Cobby, D. M., Davenport, I. J., and Bates, P. D. (2003). Waterline mapping in
flooded vegetation from airborne SAR imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 85: 271-281.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Horsley, S. W. and Moser, J. A. (1990). Monitoring Ground Water For Pesticides At A Golf Course A Case
Study On Cape Cod Massachusetts Usa. Ground WaterMonit Rev 10: 101-108.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Hour, Tzyh-Chyuan, Chen, Linda, and Lin, Jen-Kun ( Comparative investigation on the mutagenicities of
organophosphate, phthalimide, pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides by the Ames and lactam tests.
Mutagenesis (1998) 13: 157-166 CODEN: MUTAEX; ISSN: 0267-8357.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Howard, Marcia D. and Pope, Carey N. (2002). In vitro effects of chlorpyrifos, parathion, methyl parathion and
their oxons on cardiac muscarinic receptor binding in neonatal and adult rats. Toxicology 170: 1-10.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Hsieh, Mei-Ming and Dorsey, John G. (Bioavailability Estimation by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography:
High Bonding Density C-18 Phases for Modeling Biopartitioning Processes. Anal. Chem. (1995) 67:
48-57 CODEN: ANCHAM; ISSN: 0003-2700.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Hsu, J. P., Camann, D. E., Schattenberg, H. lii, Wheeler, B., Villalobos, K., Kyle, M., Quarderer, S., and Lewis,
R. G. (1990). New Dermal Exposure Sampling Technique. U.s. Environmental Protection Agency's
Atmospheric Research And Exposure Assessment Laboratory And Air And Waste Management
Association. Measurement Of Toxic And Related Air Pollutants International Symposium, Raleigh,
North Carolina, Usa, May 1-4, 1990. Xxi+1097p. Air And Waste Management Association:
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Usa. Illus. Maps. Paper.; 0: 489-497.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hsu, J. P., Wheeler, H. G., Schattenberg, H. J. Ill, Kuhrt, P. V., Harding, H. J., and Camann, D. E. ( Analytical
and sampling methods of the nonoccupational pesticide exposure study (NOPES). Proc. EPA/APCA
Int. Symp. Meas. Toxic Relat. AirPollut. (1988) Issue EPA Rep. 600-9-88-015, 34-41 Publisher:
APCA, Pittsburgh, Pa. CODEN: 56QYAL.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Hsu, Ming-Kuang, Liu, Antony K., and Liu, Cheng (2000). A study of internal waves in the China Seas and
Yellow Sea using SAR. Continental Shelf Research 20: 389-410.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Huang, W., Zhang, J., Lu, C., Hu, S., and Zhu, W. (1987). Determination Of Chlorpyrifos As Residue In Rice
By Gc. J West China UnivMedSci 18: 262-264.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Huff, R. A. , Corcoran, J. J., Anderson, J. K., and Abou-Donia, M. B. (1993). Chlorpyrifos Oxon Binds To
Neuronal Muscarinic Receptors And Inhibits Adenylate Cyclase In A Receptor-Independent
Manner. Fourth Meeting Of The International Neurotoxicology Association, Helsingor, Denmark,
June 6-11, 1993. Neurotoxicology (Little Rock) 14: 553.
Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Huff, Robin A., Corcoran, James J., Anderson, Jane K., and Abou-Donia, Mohamed B. ( Chlorpyrifos oxon
binds directly to muscarinic receptors and inhibits cAMP accumulation in rat striatum. J.
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1994) 269: 329-35 CODEN: JPETAB; ISSN: 0022-3565.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Huisman, J. A., Snepvangers, J. J. J. C., Bouten, W., and Heuvelink, G. B. M. (2002). Mapping spatial variation
in surface soil water content: comparison of ground-penetrating radar and time domain
reflectometry. Journal of 'Hydrology 269: 194-207.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Huisman, J. A., Sperl, C., Bouten, W., and Verstraten, J. M. (2001). Soil water content measurements at
different scales: accuracy of time domain reflectometry and ground-penetrating radar. Journal of
Hydrology 245: 48-58.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
HUNigg, H. N, Stamper, J. H., and Mahon, W. D. (Pesticide Exposure To Florida Greenhouse Applicators.
Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 19, 1988.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Hunt, John W., Anderson, Brian S., Phillips, Bryn M., Tjeerdema, Ron S., Puckett, H. Max, and deVlaming,
Victor (1999). Patterns of aquatic toxicity in an agriculturally dominated coastal watershed in
California. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 75: 75-91 CODEN: AEENDO; ISSN: 0167-8809.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Hurlbert, S. H. (1977). Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to Mallard Ducks. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 17: 105-107.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
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Hutchinson, T. H., Solbe, J., and Kloepper-Sams, P. J. (1998). Analysis of the Ecetoc Aquatic Toxicity (Eat)
Database lii - Comparative Toxicity of Chemical Substances to Different Life Stages of Aquatic
Organisms. Chemosphere 36: 129-142.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ATZ,Ni,PCP,Cu,Cd,Zn,HPT,CPY,PCB,NH,TBT,EN,Hg,HCCH,BNZ,PRN,TOL,Pb,ES,CN,PL,CH
D Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Hutchinson, Thomas H., Scholz, Norbert, and Guhl, Walter (Analysis of the ECETOC aquatic toxicity (EAT)
database. IV - Comparative toxicity of chemical substances to freshwater versus saltwater
organisms. Chemosphere (1997) Volume Date 1998, 36: 143-153 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-
6535.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Hutchinson, Thomas H., Solbe, John, and Kloepper-Sams, Pamela J. ( Analysis of the ECETOC aquatic toxicity
(EAT) database. Ill - Comparative toxicity of chemical substances to different life stages of aquatic
organisms. Chemosphere (1997) Volume Date 1998, 36: 129-142 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-
6535.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Hutzinger, 0. (1981). Environmental And Toxicological Chemistry At The University Of Amsterdam The
Netherlands 5 Years Of Philosophy And Practice Of Environmental Health Chemistry. Mckinney, J.
D. Environmental Health Chemistry: The Chemistry Of Environmental Agents Of Potential Human
Hazards Symposium At The 178th National American Chemical Society Meeting, Washington, D.
C., Usa, Sept. 1979. Xiv+656p. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.: Ann Arbor, Mich., Usa. Illus.
Isbn 0-250-40352-8.; 0: P15-58.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Huynh, T. T. T., Aarnink, A. J. A., Gerrits, W. J. J., Heetkamp, M. J. H., Canh, T. T., Spoolder, H. A. M.,
Kemp, B., and Verstegen, M. W. A. (2005). Thermal behaviour of growing pigs in response to high
temperature and humidity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 91: 1-16.
Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Hwang, H. M., Mcarthur, N, Ochs, C., Threlkeld, S., Libman, B., and Overstreet, K. (1997). Effects Of
Multiple Agrichemicals On Heterotrophic Bacterial Assemblages In A Wetland Mesocosm System .
97th General Meeting Of The American Society For Microbiology, Miami Beach, Florida, Usa, May
4-8, 1997. Abstracts Of The General Meeting Of The American Society For Microbiology 97: 502.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Hwang, P. A (2006). Spectral Properties of Intermediate-Scale Ocean Surface Waves.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Hwang, Paul A. (2007). Spectral signature of wave breaking in surface wave components of intermediate-length
scale: 5th International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces - Selected papers from the
37th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, 37th International Liege Colloquium on
Ocean Dynamics. Journal of Marine Systems 66: 28-37.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Hyde, Peter , Dubayah, Ralph, Walker, Wayne, Blair, J. Bryan, Hofton, Michelle, and Hunsaker, Carolyn
(2006). Mapping forest structure for wildlife habitat analysis using multi-sensor (LiDAR,
SAR/InSAR, ETM+, Quickbird) synergy. Remote Sensing of Environment 102: 63-73.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Hyde, Peter , Nelson, Ross, Kimes, Dan, and Levine, Elissa (2007). Exploring LiDAR-RaDAR synergy-
predicting aboveground biomass in a southwestern ponderosa pine forest using LiDAR, SAR and
InSAR. Remote Sensing of Environment 106: 28-38.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Hyyppa, Juha, Hyyppa, Hannu, Inkinen, Mikko, Engdahl, Marcus, Linko, Susan, and Zhu, Yi-Hong (2000).
Accuracy comparison of various remote sensing data sources in the retrieval of forest stand
attributes. Forest Ecology and Management 128: 109-120.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
lannacone, J., Alvarino, L., Caballero, C., and Sanchez, J. (2000). Four Ecotoxicological Assays to Evaluate
Lindane and Chlorpyrifos (Cuatro Ensayos Ecotoxicologicos Para Evaluar Lindano Y Clorpirifos).
Gayana 64: 139-146 (SPA) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY.HCCH Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
lannacone, 0. J., Caballero, R. C., and Alvarino, F. L. (2002). Employing the Freshwater Snail Physa Venustula
Gould as an Ecotoxicological Tool for Environmental Risk Assessments by Pesticides (Empleo Del
Caracol De Agua Dulce Physa Venustula Gould Como Herramienta Ecotoxicologia Para La
Evaluacion De Riesgos Ambientales For Plaguicidas). Agric.Tec. 62: 7 p. (SPA) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: HCCH.CPY.MTM Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Ibrahim, H. A., Abu-Egla, M. H., El-Sayad, H. I., and El-Gammal, H. (1991). Effects of Chlorpyrifos,
Methamidophos and Sulprofos on Myelin Sheath Development of Chicken Embryos.
J.Emiron.Sci.(Mamoura Egypt) 2: 245-262.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Ichikawa, Kazuhiro, Chung, Youn-Son, and Utsumi, Hideo (In vitro bioassay system closely related to whole
body toxicity. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi (1997) 20: 701-704 CODEN: MKGAEY; ISSN: 0916-8958.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ichikawa, Kazuhiro, Sakai, Yasuyuki, Sakoda, Akiyoshi, and Suzuki, Motoyuki (Long-term cytotoxicities of
various pesticides evaluated by albumin secretion of primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Biotechnol.
Tech. (1996) 10: 99-102 CODEN: BTECE6; ISSN: 0951-208X.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Illing, H. Pa (1997). Is Working In Greenhouses Healthy? Evidence Concerning The Toxic Risks That Might
Affect Greenhouse Workers. Occupational Medicine (London) 47: 281-293.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Immunological detection of organophosphates, and preparation of haptens and antibodies therefor. PCT Int. Appl.
65 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Indoor air quality and work environment study Library of Congress, Madison Building. Volume 2. Results of
indoor air environmental monitoring. Report (1990)HETA-88-364-2103; Order No. PB92-103183,
247pp. Avail.: NTISFrom: Gov. Rep. Announce. Index .
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ingersoll, C. G., Ankley, G. T., Benoit, D. A., Brunson, E. L., Burton, G. A., Dwyer, F. J., Hoke, R. A.,
Landrum, P. F., Norberg-King, T. J., and Winger, P. V. (1995). Toxicity And Bioaccumulation Of
Sediment-Associated Contaminants Using Freshwater Invertebrates: A Review Of Methods And
Applications. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 14: 1885-1894.
Rejection Code: SEDIMENT/REVIEW.
Ishiwata, S. and Kamiya, M. (1999). Cyclodextrin Inclusion: Catalytic Effects On The Degradation Of
Organophosphorus Pesticides In Neutral Aqueous Solution. Chemosphere 39: 1595-1600.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Isnard, P. and Lambert, S. (Estimating bioconcentration factors from octanol-water partition coefficient and
aqueous solubility. Chemosphere (1988) 17: 21-34 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Itak, J. A., Day, W. A., Root, C. D., Montoya, A., Manclus, J. J., Phillips, A. M, Lindsay, D. A., and Herzog,
D. P. (1996). A Paramagnetic Particle-Based Elisa For The Quantitative Determination Of 3 5 6-
Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Tcp In Water. 211th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New
Orleans, Louisiana, Usa, March 24-28, 1996. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 211:
EnvrlS.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ito, N, Hagiwara, A., Tamano, S., Hasegawa, R., Imaida, K., Hirose, M., and Shirai, T. (1995). Lack of
Carcinogenicity of Pesticide Mixtures Administered in the Diet at Acceptable Daily Intake (Adi)
Dose Levels in Rats. Toxicol.Lett. 82/83: 513-520.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
MYC,MLX,FRM,VCZ,BS,FNV,CYF,CYH,OML,TDF,MZB,Maneb,CAP,DBN,TFN,GYP,24D,CT
Z,PSM,PMR,CYP,DCF,TCM,TCF,ACP,CPY,DDW,DMT,ES,FNT,MLN,MDT,PIRM,FST
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ito, N, Hagiwara, A., Tamano, S., Hasegawa, R., Imaida, K., Hirose, M., and Shirai, T. (1995). Lack of
Carcinogenicity of Pesticide Mixtures Administered in the Diet at Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Dose Levels in Rats. Toxicol.Lett. 82/83: 513-520.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ito, Nobuyuki, Hagiwara, Akihiro, Tamano, Seiko, Hasegawa, Ryohei, Imaida, Katsumi, Hirose, Masao, and
Shirai, Tomoyuki (Lack of Carcinogenicity of pesticide mixtures administered in the diet at
acceptable daily intake (ADI) dose levels in rats. Toxicol. Lett. (1995) 82/83: 513-20 CODEN:
TOLED5; ISSN: 0378-4274.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ito, Nobuyuki, Imaida, Katsumi, Hirose, Masao, and Shirai, Tomoyuki (Medium-term bioassays for
Carcinogenicity of chemical mixtures. Environ. Health Perspect. Suppl. (1998) 106: 1331-1334
CODEN: EHPSEO; ISSN: 1078-0475.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Iwasaki, M., Sato, I., Jin, Y., Saito, N., and Tsuda, S. (Problems of Positive List System Revealed by Survey of
Pesticide Residue in Food. J toxicol sci. 2007, may; 32(2): 179-84. [The journal of toxicological
sciences]: J Toxicol Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Izquierdo, P. and Guedes Scares, C. (2005). Analysis of sea waves and wind from X-band radar. Ocean
Engineering^: 1404-1419.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Izquierdo, P., Guedes Scares, C., Nieto Borge, J. C., and Rodriguez, G. R. (2004). A comparison of sea-state
parameters from nautical radar images and buoy data. Ocean Engineering 31: 2209-2225.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Jackson, M. D. and Wright, C. G. (1975). Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Residues in Food After Insecticidal
Treatment in Rooms. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 13:593-595.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH/IN VITRO.
Jackson, R. E., Bradley, Jr JR, Van Duyn, J. W., and Gould, F. (2004). Comparative Production of Helicoverpa
Zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Transgenic Cotton Expressing Either One or Two Bacillus
Thuringiensis Proteins With and Without Insecticide Oversprays. J.Econ.Entomol. 97: 1719-1725.
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Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Jain, H. K. and Agnihotri, N. P. (1986). The Persistence Of Insecticides In Soil. Gael, S. C. (Ed). Insect And
Environment, Vol. 2. Pesticide Residues And Environmental Pollution National Symposium,
Muzaffarnagar, India, October 2-4, 1985. Xxii+293p. SanatanDharm College: Muzaffarnagar, India.
Illus.;0: 1-14.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
James, P. C. and Fox, G. A. (1987). Effects of Some Insecticides on Productivity of Burrowing Owls. Blue Jay
45:65-71.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MTM,CPY,DM,MLN,CBL,CBF Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Jamil, K., Shaik, A. P., Mahboob, M, and Krishna, D. (2004). Effect of Organophosphorus and Organochlorine
Pesticides (Monochrotophos, Chlorpyriphos, Dimethoate, and Endosulfan) on Human Lymphocytes
in-Vitro. Drug Chem.Toxicol. 27: 133-144.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DMT,CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Jantunen, A. P. K., Tuikka, A., Akkanen, J., and Kukkonen, J. V. K. (2008). Bioaccumulation of Atrazine and
Chlorpyrifos to Lumbriculus variegatus from Lake Sediments. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 71: 860-868
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ.CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT CONC.
Jantunen, A. P. K., Tuikka, A., Akkanen, J., and Kukkonen, J. V. K. (2008). Bioaccumulation of Atrazine and
Chlorpyrifos to Lumbriculus Variegatus From Lake Sediments. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. PRESS: 9
P-
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ.CPY Rejection Code: SEDIMENT CONC.
Jantunen, M., Jaakkola, J. Jk, and Krzyzanowski, M. (1997). Who Regional Publications European Series No.
78. Assessment Of Exposure To Indoor Air Pollutants. Jantunen, M., J. J. K. Jaakkola And M.
Kryzanowski (Ed.). Who Regional Publications European Series, No. 78. Assessment Of Exposure
To Indoor Air Pollutants. Xi+139p. Who: Geneva, Switzerland. Isbn 92-890-1342-7. 0: Xi+139p.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Jared West, L. and Truss, Steven W. (2006). Borehole time domain reflectometry in layered sandstone: Impact
of measurement technique on vadose zone process identification. Journal of Hydrology 319: 143-
162.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Jarlan, L., Mazzega, P., Mougin, E., Lavenu, F., Marty, G., Prison, P. L., and Hiernaux, P. (2003). Mapping of
Sahelian vegetation parameters from ERS scatterometer data with an evolution strategies algorithm.
Remote Sensing of Environment 87: 72-84.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Jarlan, L., Mougin, E., Prison, P. L., Mazzega, P., and Hiernaux, P. (2002). Analysis of ERS wind scatterometer
time series over Sahel (Mali). Remote Sensing of Environment 81: 404-415.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Jarlan, L., Mougin, E., Mazzega, P., Schoenauer, M., Tracol, Y., and Hiernaux, P. (2005). Using coarse remote
sensing radar observations to control the trajectory of a simple Sahelian land surface model. Remote
Sensing of Environment 94: 269-285.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Jasper, Karsten, Gurtz, Joachim, and Lang, Herbert (2002). Advanced flood forecasting in Alpine watersheds by
coupling meteorological observations and forecasts with a distributed hydrological model. Journal
of Hydrology 267: 40-52.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Jauregui, J., Valderrama, B., Albores, A., and Vazquez-Duhalt, R. (2003). Microsomal Transformation of
Organophosphorus Pesticides by White Rot Fungi. Biodegradation 14: 397-406.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TCF,TBF,AZ,CPY,FNF,MLN,PSM,TBO Rejection Code:
FATE.
Jayakrishnan, R., Srinivasan, R., and Arnold, J. G. (2004). Comparison of raingage and WSR-88D Stage III
precipitation data over the Texas-Gulf basin. Journal of Hydrology 292: 135-152.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Jeanty, G., Ghommidh, C., and Marty, J. L. (2001). Automated Detection of Chlorpyrifos and Its Metabolites by a
Continuous Flow System-Based Enzyme Sensor. Anal.Chim.Acta: www.sciencedirect.com (1995-
Present) 436: 119-128.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYM,CPYO,TCP Rejection Code: METHODS.
Jenkins, J. J. (Pesticide Volatilization From Foliar Surfaces. Fedrip Database, National Technical Information
Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Jeon, H. R., Abd El-Aty, A. M., Abd El-Aty, M. A., Cho, S. K., Choi, J. H., Kim, K. Y., Park, R. D., and Shim, J.
H. (Multiresidue Analysis of Four Pesticide Residues in Water Dropwort (Oenanthe Javanica) Via
Pressurized Liquid Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, and Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas
Chromatographic Determination. Jsep sci. 2007, aug; 30(12): 1953-63. [Journal of separation
science]: JSep Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: METHODS.
Jergentz, S., Mugni, H., Bonetto, C., and Schulz, R. (2004). Runoff-Related Endosulfan Contamination and
Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Response in Rural Basins Near Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 46: 345-352.
Rejection Code: NO DURATION/SURVEY.
Jergentz, S., Mugni, H., Bonetto, C., and Schulz, R. (2005). Assessment of Insecticide Contamination in Runoff
and Stream Water of Small Agricultural Streams in the Main Soybean Area of Argentina.
Chemosphere 61: 817-826.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY,ES Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Jergentz, S., Mugni, H., Bonetto, C., and Schulz, R. (2005). Assessment of Insecticide Contamination in Runoff
and Stream Water of Small Agricultural Streams in the Main Soybean Area of Argentina.
Chemosphere 61: 817-826.
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Jergentz, S., Pessacq, P., Mugni, H., Bonetto, C., and Schulz, R. (2004). Linking in Situ Bioassays and Population
Dynamics of Macroinvertebrates to Assess Agricultural Contamination in Streams of the Argentine
Pampa. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 59: 133-141.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Jett, David A., Navoa, Ryman V., and Lyons, Mark A. Jr. (Additive inhibitory action of chlorpyrifos and
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. Toxicol. Lett. (1999)
105: 223-229 CODEN: TOLED5; ISSN: 0378-4274.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Jhune, C. S., You, C. H., Cha, D. Y., and Kim, G. P. (1990). Selection and Applying Method of Pesticides for
Control of Mushroom Flies During the Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus spp.
Res.Rep.Rural Dev.Adm. 32: 64-70 (KOR) (ENG ABS).
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ACP,CLT,CPYM,CPY,THO,DS Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
Jhune, C. S., You, C. H., Cha, D. Y., and Kim, G. P. (1990). Selection and Applying Method of Pesticides for
Control of Mushroom Flies During the Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus Spp.
Res.Rep.Rural Dev.Adm. 32: 64-70 (KOR) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ACP,CLT,CPYM,CPY,THO,DS Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
Jinxiu, S., Bo, C., and Peipei, Y. (2005). Assessment on Acute Toxicity of Combined Pesticides.
J.Hyg.Res.(Wei Sheng YanJiu) 29: 65-68 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Jitsunari, Fumihiko, Asakawa, Fumiyuki, Nakajima, Taichi, Shimada, Junko, and Ogata, Masana (
Determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol levels in the urine of termite control workers using
chlorpyrifos. ActaMed. Okayama (1989) 43: 299-306 CODEN: AMOKAG; ISSN: 0386-300X.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Jitsunari, Fumihiko, Asakawa, Fumiyuki, Nakajima, Taichi, Shimada, Junko, and Ogata, Masana ( Variations in
blood cholinesterase activity level in termite control workers using chlorpyrifos. Okayama Igakkai
Zasshi (1989) 101: 843-52 CODEN: OIZAAV; ISSN: 0030-1558.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Johansen, C. A. (1977). Pesticides and Pollinators. Ann.Rev.Entomol. 22: 177-192.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DINO,MXC,ES,AZ,CBL,CBF,CPY,DZ,DCTP,MLN,ACD,DMX,PRN Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Johansen, N. G., Hutte, R. S., and Legier, M. F. (1991). A Gas Chromatography Detector Based On
Chemiluminescence For The Determination Of Pesticides. Hall, J. R. AndG. D. Glysson (Ed.).
Astm (American Society For Testing Materials) Special Technical Publication, 1102. Monitoring
Water In The 1990's: Meeting New Challenges Symposium, Denver, Colorado, Usa, June 11-14,
1990. Viii+618p. Astm: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Usa. Illus. Isbn 0-8031-1407-9.; 0: 255-266.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Johnson, A. W., Csinos, A. S., Golden, A. M., and Glaze, N. C. (1992). Chemigation for Control of Black Shank-
Root-Knot Complex and Weeds in Tobacco. J.Nematol. 24: 648-655.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PDM,IPN,PEB,CPY,MLX,FMP Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Johnson, A. W., Csinos, A. S., Golden, A. M., and Glaze, N. C. (1992). Chemigation for Control of Black Shank-
Root-Knot Complex and Weeds in Tobacco. J.Nematol. 24: 648-655.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PDM,IPN,PEB,CPY,MLX,FMP Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Johnson, K. A. and Weisskopf, C. P. (1997). The Use Of Passive Sampling Devices For The Assessment Of
Soil Pesticide Residues. 213th National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San
Francisco, California, Usa, April 13-17, 1997. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 213:
Agro 49.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Johnson, M. K. (1987). A Benefit From Mechanistic Research In Toxicology. BrJIndMed 44: 217-219.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Johnson, W. E., Fendinger, N. J., and Plimmer, J. R. (1991). Solid-Phase Extraction Of Pesticides From Water:
Possible Interferences From Dissolved Organic Material. Anal Chem 63: 1510-1513.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Johnson, W. W. and Finley, M. T. (1980). Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic
Invertebrates. Resour.Publ.137, Fish Wildl.Serv., U.S.D.I., Washington, DC 98 p. (OECDGData
File) (Publ As 6797).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
EDT,RSM,Captan,CBF,CBL,DFZ,PSM,24DXY,ACP,ACR,AZ,BS,Captan,CMPH,CPY,DBN,DMB
,DMT,DPDP,DS,DU,DZ,FO,GYP,HCCH,HXZ,MDT,MLN,MLT,MOM,MP,Naled,OYZ,PRT,SZ,T
BC,TPR,As,Pb Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Jones, A. and McCoy, C. (1997). Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides
in Honeybees. J.Agric.Food Chem. 45: 2143-2147.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
BDC,CPY,AZ,CBL,DZ,DS,DDW,DMT,FNT,OMT,PIRM,PPX Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Jones, Ainsley and McCoy, Colin ( Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Organophosphate and Carbamate
Insecticides in Honeybees. J. Agric. Food Chem. (1997) 45: 2143-2147 CODEN: JAFCAU; ISSN:
0021-8561.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Jones, Kim D. and Huang, Wi-Hao (2003). Evaluation of toxicity of the pesticides, chlorpyrifos and arsenic, in
the presence of compost humic substances in aqueous systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials
103: 93-105.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Jones-Lepp, T., Gerlach, C. L., and Cooler, E. J. (2000). The power of analytical methods for measuring
suspected endocrine disrupting compounds: a pilot field study. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 19: 286-
291 CODEN: TTAEDJ; ISSN: 0165-9936.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Joo, H., Choi, K., Rose, R. L., and Hodgson, E. (Inhibition of Fipronil and Nonane Metabolism in Human Liver
Microsomes and Human Cytochrome P450 Isoforms by Chlorpyrifos. J biochem mol toxicol. 2007;
21(2): 76-80. [Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology]: J Biochem Mol Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Jortner, B. S. ( Organophosphate Neuropathy Early Markers Of Degeneration. Fedrip Database, National
Technical Information Service (Mis) .
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Joubert, J., Joubert, P. H., Van Der Spuy, M., and Van Graan, E. (Acute Organophosphate Poisoning
Presenting With Choreo-Athetosis. Journal Of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology, Vol. 22, No. 2,
Pages 187-191, 7References, 19841984.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Judge, D. N, Mullins, D. E., and Young, R. W. (1993). High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Of
Several Pesticides And Their Major Environmental By-Products. J Planar Chromatogr Mod Tic 6:
300-306.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Juhler, R. K. (1997). Optimized Method For The Determination Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Meat And
Fatty Matrices. Journal Of Chromatography A 786: 145-153.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Juhlin, S. E. and Halbrook, R. S. (1997). Ecological Risk Assessment of Pesticides on Muskrats (Ondatra
Zibethicus) Inhabiting an Agriculture Area in Illinois, Usa. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 2584-2589.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: MODELING.
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Mien, R., Adamkiewicz, G., Levy, J. I., Bennett, D., Nishioka, M, and Spengler, J. D. (Pesticide Loadings of
Select Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Urban Public Housing. J expo sci environ
epidemiol. 2008, mar; 18(2): 167-74. [Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology]:
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Jun, D., Musilova, L., Kuca, K., Kassa, J., and Bajgar, J. (Potency of Several Oximes to Reactivate Human
Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Paraoxon in Vitro. Chem biol interact.
2008, sep 25; 175(l-3):421-4. [Chemico-biological interactions]: Chem Biol Interact.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Junk, G. A. and Richard, J. J. (1988). Organics In Water Solid Phase Extraction On A Small Scale. Anal Chem
60: 451-454.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
K. Ajami, Newsha, Gupta, Hoshin, Wagener, Thorsten, and Sorooshian, Soroosh (2004). Calibration of a semi-
distributed hydrologic model for streamflow estimation along a river system: The Distributed Model
Intercomparison Project (DMIP). Journal of Hydrology 298: 112-135.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Kaab, A. (2005). Combination of SRTM3 and repeat ASTER data for deriving alpine glacier flow velocities in
the Bhutan Himalaya. Remote Sensing of Environment 94: 463-474.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Kacew, S. (1994). Current Issues In Lactation: Advantages, Environment, Silicone. Biomedical And
Environmental Sciences 7: 307-319.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kachroo, A. (2002). Age Related Differences in the Metabolism of, and Protection Against a Variety of
Organophosphorus Compounds in the Rat, Rattus norvegicus. Ph.D.Thesis, Mississippi State
Univ.,MSU2p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PCB,DZ,AZ,DMT,DDVP,CMPH,MLO,CPYO Rejection
Code: IN VITRO.
Kachroo, A. (2002). Age Related Differences in the Metabolism of, and Protection Against a Variety of
Organophosphorus Compounds in the Rat, Rattus Norvegicus. Ph.D. Thesis, Mississippi State
Univ.,MS\22p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PCB,DZ,AZ,DMT,DDVP,CMPH,MLO,CPYO Rejection
Code: IN VITRO.
Kadlec, Matthew C. and Benson, William H. (Relationship of aquatic natural organic material characteristics to
the toxicity of selected insecticides. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (1995) 31: 84-97 CODEN: EESADV;
ISSN: 0147-6513.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Kadokami, Kiwao, Jinya, Daisuke, Iwamura, Tomomi, and Tanizaki, Teiji ( Chemical pollution in coastal
waters around Kitakyushu City and their origins. Kankyo Kagaku (1998) 8: 435-453 CODEN:
KKAGEY; ISSN: 0917-2408.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kadry, Abdelrazak M., Skowronski, Gloria A., and Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S. (Evaluation of the use of
uncertainty factors in deriving RfDs for some chlorinated compounds. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health
(1995) 45: 83-95 CODEN: JTEHD6; ISSN: 0098-4108.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
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Kaiser, Klaus L. E., Niculescu, Stefan P., and Schuurmann, Gerrit (Feed forward backpropagation neural
networks and their use in predicting the acute toxicity of chemicals to the fathead ***minnow***.
Water Qual. Res. J. Can. (1997) 32: 637-657 CODEN: WQRCFA; ISSN: 1201-3080.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kale, S. P., Carvalho, F. P., Raghu, K., Sherkhane, P. D., Pandit, G. G., Rao, A. M, Mukherjee, P. K., and
Murthy, N. Bk (1999). Studies On Degradation Of 14c-Chlorpyrifos In The Marine Environment.
Chemosphere 39: 969-976.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kamble, G. B. and Muley, D. V. (2000). Effect of Acute Exposure of Endosulfan and Chlorpyriphos on the
Biochemical Composition of the Fresh Water Fish Sarotherodon mossambicus. Indian
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Kamble, S. T. and Davis, R. W. (1992). Distribution Of Termiticides In The Soil. 203rdAcs (American
Chemical Society) National Meeting, San Francisco, California, Usa, April 5-10, 1992. Abstr Pap
Am Chem Soc 203: Agrol28.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kamble, Shripat T., Byers, Matthew E., Witkowski, John F., Ogg, Clyde L., and Echtenkamp, Gerald W. (Field
worker exposure to selected insecticides applied to corn via center-pivot irrigation. J. Econ.
Entomol. (1992) 85: 974-80 CODEN: JEENAI; ISSN: 0022-0493.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kamiya, M. and Kameyama, K. (1998). Photochemical Effects Of Humic Substances On The Degradation Of
Organophosphorus Pesticides. Chemosphere 36: 2337-2344.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Kammerbauer, J. and Moncada, J. (1998). Pesticide Residue Assessment In Three Selected Agricultural
Production Systems In The Choluteca River Basin Of Honduras. Environmental Pollution 103: 171-
181.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kang, J., Zettel, V. H., and Ward, N. I. (1995). The Organophosphate Pesticides. Journal Of Nutritional &
Environmental Medicine (Abingdon) 5: 325-339.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kaplan, David M. and Largier, John (2006). HF radar-derived origin and destination of surface waters off
Bodega Bay, California: The Role of Wind-Driven Flow in Shelf Productivity - Results from the
Wind Events and Shelf Transport (CoOP WEST) Program. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical
Studies in Oceanography 53: 2906-2930.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kaplan, J. G., Kessler, J., Pack, D. R., and Schaumburg, H. H. (1986). Dursban Causes Peripheral Neuropathy.
38th Annual Meeting Of The American Academy Of Neurology, New Orleans, La., Usa, Apr. 27-May
3, 1986. Neurology 36: 176.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kaplan, J. G., Kessler, J., Rosenberg, N., Pack, D., and Schaumburg, H. H. (1993). Sensory Neuropathy
Associated With Dursban (Chlorpyrifos) Exposure. Neurology 43: 2193-2196.
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Karakulak, F. Saadet (2004). Catch and effort of the bluefin tuna purse-seine fishery in Turkish waters.
Fisheries Research 68: 361-366.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Karam, J. and Nicell, J. A. (1997). Potential Applications Of Enzymes In Waste Treatment. Journal Of
Chemical Technology And Biotechnology 69: 141-153.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA/EFFLUENT.
Karanth, S., Olivier, K. Jr., Liu, J., and Pope, C. (2001). In Vivo Interaction Between Chlorpyrifos and Parathion
in Adult Rats: Sequence of Administration Can Markedly Influence Toxic Outcome.
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. Ill: 247-255.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,PRN Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Karasaki, K., Freifeld, B., Cohen, A., Grossenbacher, K., Cook, P., and Vasco, D. (2000). A multidisciplinary
fractured rock characterization study at Raymond field site, Raymond, CA. Journal of Hydrology
236: 17-34.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Karen, D. J., Dancik, J. A., Skipper, S. L., Smink, J. A., and Klaine, S. J. (2000). Influence of Episodic Exposures
of Chlorpyrifos to an Estuarine Cyprinodontid, Fundulus Heteroclitus. Mar.Environ.Res. 50: 125-
126 (ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Karunakaran, V. C. and Durairaj, S. (2000). Behavioural Response of Rattus Norvegicus During Chlorpyrifos
Intoxication With Drug Challenges. Pollut.Res. 19:77-79.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Karunakaran, V. C. and Durairaj, S. (2000). Behavioural Response of Rattus norvegicus During Chlorpyrifos
Intoxication with Drug Challenges. Pollut.Res. 19:77-79.
Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Kasischke, Eric S., Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L., and Johnstone, Jill F. (2007). Assessing spatial and temporal
variations in surface soil moisture in fire-disturbed black spruce forests in Interior Alaska using
spaceborne synthetic aperture radar imagery - Implications for post-fire tree recruitment. Remote
Sensing of Environment 108: 42-58.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kasischke, Eric S., Smith, Kevin B., Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L., Romanowicz, Edwin A., Brunzell, Suzy, and
Richardson, Curtis J. (2003). Effects of seasonal hydrologic patterns in south Florida wetlands on
radar backscatter measured from ERS-2 SAR imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 88: 423-
441.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kathein, R. (1986). The Development Of Poultry Slaughter And Poultry Meat Inspection In Israel A Review.
Isr JVet Med 42: 146-157.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Katsura, E., Ogawa, H., Kojima, H., and Fukushima, A. (1996). Indoor Air Pollution By Chlorpyrifos And S-
421 After Application For Termite Control. Japanese Journal Of Toxicology And Environmental
Health 42: 354-359.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Katz, Elizabeth J., Cortes, Vania I., Eldefrawi, Mohyee E., and Eldefrawi, Amira T. ( Chlorpyrifos, parathion,
and their oxons bind to and desensitize a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: relevance to their
toxicities. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1997) 146: 227-236 CODEN: TXAPA9; ISSN: 0041-008X.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
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Kaushik, R., Rosenfeld, C. A., and Sultatos, L. G. ( Concentration-Dependent Interactions of the
Organophosphates Chlorpyrifos Oxon and Methyl Paraoxon With Human Recombinant
Acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol applpharmacol. 2007, jun 1; 221(2):243-50. [Toxicology and
applied pharmacology]: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kawachi, T., Komatsu, T., Kada, T., Ishidate, M., Sasaki, M., Sugiyama, T., and Tazima, Y. (1980). Results of
Recent Studies on the Relevance of Various Short-Term Screening Tests in Japan. AppLMethods
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Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern:
THM,DCF,ACY,DMT,AN,ANT,PAH,Captan,DDVP,MLN,CBL,PPB,PYR,CAP,CPY,Maneb
Rejection Code: NO CONC/NO DURATION.
Kawahara, J., Yoshinaga, J., and Yanagisawa, Y. (Dietary Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides for Young
Children in Tokyo and Neighboring Area. Sci total environ. 2007, jun 1; 378(3):263-8. [The science
of the total environment]: Sci Total Environ.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kawakami, Y. (1989). Insecticide Resistance of Culex pipiens molestus Forskal Collected in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo.
JpnJ.Sanit.Zool. 40: 217-220 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
MLN,DZ,DDVP,TMP,FNT,CPYM,PTR,FNTH,PMR,PPX,PTP Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Kawakami, Y. (1989). Insecticide Resistance of Culex Pipiens Molestus Forskal Collected in Shinjuku-Ku,
Tokyo. JpnJ.Sanit.Zool. 40: 217-220 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
MLN,DZ,DDVP,TMP,FNT,CPYM,PTR,FNTH,PMR,PPX,PTP Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Kawamoto, T., Makihata, N, Tsuji, H., and Teranishi, K. (1999). Annual Variation In The Concentration
Levels And Frequency Of Detection Of Pesticides In Water Sources In Hyogo Prefecture. Journal
Of Health Science 45: 401-411.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kawasaki, Seiji, Ueda, Hiroshi, Itoh, Hideo, and Tadano, Jutaro ( Screening of Organophosphorus pesticides
using liquid chromatography- atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J.
Chromatogr. (1992) 595: 193-202 CODEN: JOCRAM; ISSN: 0021-9673.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Keaschall, Julie L., Laughlin, Joan M., and Gold, Roger E. (Effect of laundering procedures and functional
finishes on removal of insecticides selected from three chemical classes. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ.
(1986) 900: 162-76 CODEN: ASTTA8; ISSN: 0066-0558.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Keith, J. 0. and Bruggers, R. L. (1998). Review Of Hazards To Raptors From Pest Control In Sahelian Africa.
Journal Of Raptor Research 32:151-158.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kellndorfer, Josef, Walker, Wayne, Pierce, Leland, Dobson, Craig, Fites, Jo Ann, Hunsaker, Carolyn, Vona,
John, and Clutter, Michael (2004). Vegetation height estimation from Shuttle Radar Topography
Mission and National Elevation Datasets. Remote Sensing of Environment 93: 339-358.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kenaga, E. E. (1973). A Summary of the Evaluation of the Safety of Chlorpyrifos to Birds Under Use Conditions.
Down Earth 29: 11-14.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REVIEW.
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Kenaga, E. E. (1974). Evaluation of the Safety of Chlorpyrifos to Birds in Areas Treated for Insect Control.
Residue Rev. 50: 1-41.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Kenaga, E. E. (1975). Partitioning and Uptake of Pesticides in Biological Systems. Environ.Sci.Res. 6: 217-273.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CCA,EDT,CPY,CBZ,CTC,4CE,24DXY,PCB,Hg,EN,DLD,DDT,AND Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Kenaga, E. E. and Goring, C. A. I. (1980). Relationship Between Water Solubility, Soil Sorption, Octanol-Water
Partitioning, and Concentration of Chemicals in Biota. In: J.G.Eaton, P.R.Parrish, and
A.C.Hendricks (Eds.), Aquatic Toxicology, ASTMSTP 707, Philadelphia, PA 78-115.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TCDD.CPY Rejection Code: MODELING/PUBL
AS/REVIEW.
Kenmotsu, Katashi, Oda, Junko, Koezuka, Kanae, Takano, Hiroshi, Ogino, Yasuo, and Mori, Tadashige (
Analysis of pesticides in effluent of golf links. Kankyo Kagaku (1993) 3: 41-58 CODEN:
KKAGEY.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Kennedy, E. R., Abell, M. T., Reynolds, J., and Wickman, D. (1994). A Sampling And Analytical Method For
The Simultaneous Determination Of Multiple Organophosphorus Pesticides In Air. American
Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 55: 1172-1177.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Kenward, Tracey, Lettenmaier, Dennis P., Wood, Eric F., and Fielding, Eric (2000). Effects of Digital Elevation
Model Accuracy on Hydrologic Predictions. Remote Sensing of Environment 74: 432-444.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Keramitsoglou, Iphigenia, Cartalis, Constantinos, and Kiranoudis, Chris T. (2006). Automatic identification of
oil spills on satellite images. Environmental Modelling & Software 21: 640-652.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Khoshab, A. and Nicholson, A. (Dissipation Of Chlorpyrifos And 3 5 6-Trichloropyridine-2-01 In German
Soils. British Crop Protection Council. Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests And Diseases,
1994 Vol. 1-3; Proceedings Of An International Conference, Brighton, England, Uk, November 21-
24, 1994.Xxvi+498p.(Vol. 1); Xxvi+454p.(Vol. 2); Xxvi+466p.(Vol. 3) British Crop Protection
Council (Bcpc): Farnham, England, Uk. Isbn 0-948404-80-9(Set); Isbn 0-948404-81-7(Vol. 1); Isbn
0-948404-82-5(Vol. 2); Isbn 0-948404-83-3(Vol. 3).; 0 (0). 1994. 1343-1348.
Rejection Code : NOTOXDATA.
Kilburn, K. H. (1999). Evidence For Chronic Neurobehavioral Impairment From Chlorpyrifos An
Organophosphate Insecticide (Dursban) Used Indoors. Environmental Epidemiology And
Toxicology 1: 153-162.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kim, Duk-jin and Moon, Wooil M. (2002). Estimation of sea surface wind vector using RADARSAT data.
Remote Sensing of Environment 80: 55-64 .
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kim, K., Yeom, D. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, S. K., Kim, Y. H., and Park, C. K. (1997). Study On Pesticide Runoff
From Soil Surface: lii. Runoff Of Pesticides By Simulated Rainfall In The Laboratory. Agricultural
Chemistry And Biotechnology 40: 334-341.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kimball, J. S., McDonald, K. C., Frolking, S., and Running, S. W. (2004). Radar remote sensing of the spring
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thaw transition across a boreal landscape: BOREAS Remote Sensing Science. Remote Sensing of
Environment 89: 163-175.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Kimball, J. S., McDonald, K. C., Keyser, A. R., Frolking, S., and Running, S. W. (2001). Application of the
NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) for Determining the Daily Frozen and Nonfrozen Landscape of
Alaska. Remote Sensing of Environment 15'. 113-126.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Kimball, John S., McDonald, Kyle C., Running, Steven W., and Frolking, Steve E. (2004). Satellite radar
remote sensing of seasonal growing seasons for boreal and subalpine evergreen forests. Remote
Sensing of Environment 90: 243-258.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Kimbrough, R. A. and Litke, D. W. (1996). Pesticides In Streams Draining Agricultural And Urban Areas In
Colorado. Environmental Science & Technology 30: 908-916.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
King, C., Lecomte, V., Le Bissonnais, Y., Baghdadi, N, Souchere, V., and Cerdan, 0. (2005). Remote-sensing
data as an alternative input for the ' STREAM' runoff model: Surface characterisation for soil erosion
forecasting. CATENA 62: 125-135.
Rejection Code: FATE.
King, Jerry W., Snyder, Janet M., Taylor, Scott L., Johnson, James H., and Rowe, Lloyd D. ( Translation and
optimization of supercritical fluid extraction methods to commercial instrumentation. J.
Chromatogr. Sci. (1993) 31: 1-5 CODEN: JCHSBZ; ISSN: 0021-9665.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Kingston, R. L., Chen, W. L., Borron, S. W., Sioris, L. J., Engebretsen, K. M., and Et, A. L. ( Chlorpyrifos:
Ten-Year U.S. Poison Center Exposure Experience. Vet. Hum. Toxicol.; Vol 41 Iss Apr 1999, P87-
92, (Refl4).
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kishi, Misa, Hirschhorn, Norbert, Djajadisastra, Marlinda, Satterlee, Latifa N., Strowman, Shelley, and Dilts,
Russell (1995). Relationship of pesticide spraying to signs and symptoms in Indonesian farmers.
Scand. J. WorkEnviron. Health 21: 124-33 CODEN: SWEHDO; ISSN: 0355-3140.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kitada, Y., Kawahata, H., Suzuki, A., and Oomori, T. (Distribution of Pesticides and Bisphenol a in Sediments
Collected From Rivers Adjacent to Coral Reefs. Chemosphere. 2008, may; 7'l(ll):2082-90.
[Chemosphere]: Chemosphere.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kladivko, E. J., Van Scoyoc Ge, Monke, E. J., Gates, K. M., and Pask, W. (1991). Pesticide And Nutrient
Movement Into Subsurface Tile Drains On A Silt Loam Soil In Indiana (Usa). J Environ Qual 20:
264-270 .
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Klopman, G., Contreras, R., Rosenkranz, H. S., and Waters, M. D. (1985). Structure-Genotoxic Activity
Relationships of Pesticides: Comparison of the Results From Several Short-Term Assays.
Mutat.Res. 147: 343-356.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
Maneb,PNB,Zineb,BPH,DMB,PCP,PPN,SID,SZ,TRL,TFN,24DXY,Captan,Folpet,MZB,FNF,FTT,
MLN,MOM,MXC,MP,PRN,PMR,PRT,RSM,SMT,BMC,ACP,ATN,AZ,CBF,CPY,CHRY,CYP,DZ,
DCB,ETN,FNT Rejection Code: YEAST.
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Klopman, Gilles, Contreras, Renato, Rosenkranz, Herbert S., and Waters, Michael D. ( Structure-genotoxic
activity relationships of pesticides: comparison of the results from several short-term assays. Mutat.
Res. (1985) 147: 343-56 CODEN: MUREAV; ISSN: 0027-5107.
Rejection Code: QSAR/BACTERIA.
Klopman, Gilles, Frierson, Manton R., and Rosenkranz, Herbert S. ( The structural basis of the mutagenicity of
chemicals in ***Salmonella*** typhimurium: The Gene-Tox data base. Mutat. Res. (1990) 228:
1-50 CODEN: MUREAV; ISSN: 0027-5107.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Knopp, D. ( 1995). Application Of Immunological Methods For The Determination Of Environmental
Pollutants In Human Biomonitoring A Review. Analytica Chimica Ada 311: 383-392.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Knuth, M. L. (1992). The Accuracy and Precision of Pesticide Concentrations Following Application to Littoral
Enclosures. In: ISthAnnu.Aquat.Toxicity Workshop, Sept.30-Oct.3, 1991, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada, Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 1863: 137-138 (ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY.AZ.EFV Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Knuth, M. L. and Heinis, L. J. (1992). Dissipation and Persistence of Chlorpyrifos Within Littoral Enclosures.
J.Agric.FoodChem. 40: 1257-1263.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Knuth, M. L. and Heinis, L. J. (1992). Dissipation And Persistence Of Chlorpyrifos With Littoral Enclosures. J
Agric Food Chem 40: 1257-1263.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Kobayash, M., Takano, L, Tamura, Y., Tomizawa, S., Tateishi, Y., Sakai, N, Kamijo, K., Ibe, A., and Nagayama,
T. ([Survey of Pesticide Residues in Imported Cereal Products (1994.4 Approximately 2006.3)].
Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. 2008, jun; 49(3):249-60. [Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the food
hygienic society of japan]: Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Kobayashi, Hiroshi and Fukasawa, Yoshinobu (Water quality of water work resources located around golf
resort. Yamanashi-ken Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Nenpo (1992) 36, 10-14 CODEN: YKKNDK; ISSN:
0915-437X.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Koeber, R. and Niessner, R. (1996). Screening Of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil By Supercritical Fluid
Extraction (Sfe) And High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography With Automated Multiple
Development (Hptlc/Amd). Fresenius' Journal Of Analytical Chemistry 354: 464-469.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Kojima, H., Katsura, E., Takeuchi, S., Niiyama, K., and Kobayashi, K. (2004). Screening for Estrogen and
Androgen Receptor Activities in 200 Pesticides by In Vitro Reporter Gene Assays Using Chinese
Hamster Ovary Cells. Environ.Health Perspect. 112: 524-531.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
AND,HCCH,Captan,CHD,CTN,DDT,DBN,DCF,DLD,ES,EN,Folpet,HPT,MXC,PCP,ACF,ACFM,
DFPM,FZFB,OXF,ACP,ANL,CPY,CPYM,DZ,DDW,DMT,DS,ETN,FMP,FNT,FNTH,GYP,IFP,M
LN,MTM,MDT,MP,PRN,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PIRM,PFF,TBO,TW,TCM,TCF,CYF,CYH,CYP,DM,E
FX,FNV,FYT,FVL,PMR,PYN,TFT,TLM,BCD,BMY,CBL,CBD,CBF,CPP,MCB,MOM,MLT,OML
,PHMD,PIM,TBC,THM,ACR,ASM,FTL,MTX,MTL,PZM,ANZ,ATZ,MBZ,PRO,PMT,SZ,BSFM,D
FZ,DU,LNR,PPN,AMZ,BT,BPH,BTN,DZM,EXQ,FRM,FNZ,ILL,IMC,IPD,MCPA,24D,PAQT,PD
M,PCZ,SZD,TBA,TPE,TDF,TFZ,TFN,TFR,VCZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
-------
Kojima, H., Katsura, E., Takeuchi, S., Niiyama, K., and Kobayashi, K. (2004). Screening for Estrogen and
Androgen Receptor Activities in 200 Pesticides by in Vitro Reporter Gene Assays Using Chinese
Hamster Ovary Cells. Environ.Health Perspect. 112:524-531.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
AND,HCCH,Captan,CHD,CTN,DDT,DBN,DCF,DLD,ES,EN,Folpet,HPT,MXC,PCP,ACF,ACFM,
DFPM,FZFB,OXF,ACP,ANL,CPY,CPYM,DZ,DDVP,DMT,DS,ETN,FMP,FNT,FNTH,GYP,IFP,M
LN,MTM,MDT,MP,PRN,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PIRM,PFF,TBO,TVP,TCM,TCF,CYF,CYH,CYP,DM,E
FX,FNV,FYT,FVL,PMR,PYN,TFT,TLM,BCD,BMY,CBL,CBD,CBF,CPP,MCB,MOM,MLT,OML
,PHMD,PIM,TBC,THM,ACR,ASM,FTL,MTX,MTL,PZM,ANZ,ATZ,MBZ,PRO,PMT,SZ,BSFM,D
FZ,DU,LNR,PPN,AMZ,BT,BPH,BTN,DZM,EXQ,FRM,FZN,ILL,IMC,IPD,MCPA,24D,PAQT,PD
M,PCZ,SZD,TBA,TPE,TDF,TFZ,TFN,TFR,VCZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Kolpin, D. W., Barbash, J. E., and Gilliom, R. J. (1998). Occurrence Of Pesticides In Shallow Groundwater Of
The United States: Initial Results From The National Water-Quality Assessment Program.
Environmental Science & Technology 32: 558-566.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kolpin, D. W., Goolsby, D. A., and Thurman, E. M. (1995). Pesticides In Near-Surface Aquifers: An
Assessment Using Highly Sensitive Analytical Methods And Tritium. Journal Of Environmental
Quality 24: 1125-1132.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kolte, S. J. (1997). Annual Oilseed Crops. In: R.J.Hillocks and J.M.Waller (Eds.), Soilborne Diseases of Tropical
Crops, CAB Int., Wallingford, England, UK 253-276.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TEZ,PCZ,THM,CBD,CBX,Captan,MLX,CPY,FTL,DCZ
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Kookana, R. S., Baskaran, S., and Naidu, R. (1998). Pesticide Fate And Behaviour In Australian Soils In
Relation To Contamination And Management Of Soil And Water: A Review. Australian Journal Of
Soil Research 36: 715-764.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kookana, R. S., Di, H. J., and Aylmore, L. Ag (1995). A Field Study Of Leaching And Degradation Of Nine
Pesticides In A Sandy Soil. Australian Journal Of Soil Research^: 1019-1030.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Koren, Victor, Reed, Seann, Smith, Michael, Zhang, Ziya, and Seo, Dong-Jun (2004). Hydrology laboratory
research modeling system (HL-RMS) of the US national weather service: Catchment modelling:
Towards an improved representation of the hydrological processes in real-world model applications.
Journal of Hydrology 291: 297-318.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Kosro, P. M. (2002). A poleward jet and an equatorward undercurrent observed off Oregon and northern
California, during the 1997-98 El Nino. Progress In Oceanography 54: 343-360.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Koudijs, Eric and Dutilh, Chris E. (Aquatic ecotoxicity for common crop protection aids. ECA-equivalency
factors for 65 frequently used herbicides and pesticides. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. (1998) 3: 200-202
CODEN: IJLCFF; ISSN: 0948-3349.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Kouraev, Alexei V., Papa, Fabrice, Mognard, Nelly M., Buharizin, Petr I., Cazenave, Anny , Cretaux, Jean-
Francois, Dozortseva, Julia, and Remy, Frederique (2004). Sea ice cover in the Caspian and Aral
Seas from historical and satellite data: The Dying Aral Sea, Selected Papers from the 35th
International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics. Journal of Marine Systems 47: 89-100.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kouraev, Alexei V., Zakharova, Elena A., Samain, Olivier, Mognard, Nelly M, and Cazenave, Anny (2004).
Ob' river discharge from TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry (1992-2002). Remote Sensing of
Environment 93: 238-245.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kourti, N, Shepherd, I., Greidanus, H. *., Alvarez, M., Aresu, E., Bauna, T., Chesworth, J., Lemoine, G., and
Schwartz, G. (2005). Integrating Remote Sensing in Fisheries Control. Fisheries Management and
Ecology [Fish. Manage. Ecol.J. Vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 295-307. Oct 2005.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kousba, A. A., Poet, T. S., and Timchalk, C. ( Age-Related Brain Cholinesterase Inhibition Kinetics Following in
Vitro Incubation With Chlorpyrifos-Oxon and Diazinon-Oxon. Toxicol sci. 2007, jan; 95(1): 147-
55. [Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the society of toxicology]: Toxicol Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Kovacevic, V., Gacic, M., Mancero Mosquera, I., Mazzoldi, A., and Marinetti, S. (2004). HF radar observations
in the northern Adriatic: surface current field in front of the Venetian Lagoon: Lagoon of Venice.
Circulation, Water Exchange and Ecosystem Functioning. Journal of Marine Systems 51: 95-122.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Krapac, I. G., Roy, W. R., Smyth, C. A., and Earnhardt, M. L. (1995). Occurrence And Distribution Of
Pesticides In Soil At Agrichemical Facilities In Illinois. Journal Of Soil Contamination 4: 209-226.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kratzer, C. R., Zamora, C., and Knifong, D. L. (Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Loads in the San Joaquin River
Basin, California, January and February 2000. Govt reports announcements & index
(gra&i), issue 20, 2002.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Krieger, R. I., Bernard, C. R., Dinoff, T. M., Dowling, K., Fell, L., Nguyen, H. H., Osimitz, T., Ross, J. H., and
Thongsinusak, T. (1997). Experimental And Situational Exposure Monitoring Of Human Exposure
Household Insecticide Use. 214th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Las Vegas,
Nevada, Usa, September 7-11, 1997. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 214: Agro 85.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Krill, R. M. and Sonzogni, W. C. (1986). Chemical Monitoring Of Wisconsin's Usa Groundwater. Am Water
WorksAssocJl%:lQ-15.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Krol, Walter J., Arsenault, Terri L., Pylypiw, Harry M. Jr., and Mattina, Mary Jane Incorvia (Reduction of
Pesticide Residues on Produce by Rinsing. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2000) 48: 4666-4670 CODEN:
JAFCAU; ISSN: 0021-8561.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kroll, R. B. and Murphy, D. L. (Pilot Monitoring Project For 14 Pesticides In Maryland Surface Waters. Govt
Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 18, 1994.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kuca, K., Jun, D., and Bajgar, J. ( Currently Used Cholinesterase Reactivators Against Nerve Agent Intoxication:
Comparison of Their Effectivity in Vitro. Drug chem toxicol. 2007; 30(1):31-40. [Drug and
chemical toxicology]: Drug Chem Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
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Kuehl, D. W., Butterworth, B., and Marquis, P. J. (1994). A National Study Of Chemical Residues In Fish. lii:
Study Results. Chemosphere 29: 523-535.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kuhar, T. P., Speese III, J., Whalen, J., Alvarez, J. M, Alyokhin, A., Ghidiu, G., and Spellman, M. R. (2003).
Current Status of Insecticidal Control of Wireworms in Potatoes. Pestic.Outlook 14: 265-267 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CPY,EP,PRT,DZ,ADC,PBP,CBF,OML,DS,FPN,IMC,BFT,TMX,TFT Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Kuhar, T. P., Speese III, J., Whalen, J., Alvarez, J. M., Alyokhin, A., Ghidiu, G., and Spellman, M. R. (2003).
Current Status of Insecticidal Control of Wireworms in Potatoes. Pestic.Outlook 14: 265-267 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CPY,EP,PRT,DZ,ADC,PBP,CBF,OML,DS,FPN,IMC,BFT,TMX,TFT Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Kuivila, Kathryn M. and Foe, Christopher G. ( Concentrations, transport and biological effects of dormant spray
pesticides in the San Francisco estuary, California. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1995) 14: 1141-50
CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Kumar Singh, B., Walker, A., and Wright, D. J. (2002). Persistence of Chlorpyrifos, Fenamiphos, Chlorothalonil,
and Pendimethalin in Soil and Their Effects on Soil Microbial Characteristics.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 69: 181-188.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CTN,CPY,FMP,PDM Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Kumar Singh, B., Walker, A., and Wright, D. J. (2002). Persistence of Chlorpyrifos, Fenamiphos,
Chlorothalonil, and Pendimethalin in Soil and Their Effects on Soil Microbial Characteristics.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 69: 181-188.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Kumari Beena, Madan, V. K., and Kathpal, T. S. ( 2008). Status of Insecticide Contamination of Soil and Water in
Haryana, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment [Environ. Monit. Assess.]. Vol. 136, no.
1-3, pp. 239-244. Jan 2008.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Kundu, Prasun K. and Bell, Thomas L. (2006). Space-time scaling behavior of rain statistics in a stochastic
fractional diffusion model: Hydrofractals '03. Journal of Hydrology 322: 49-58.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kuplich, Tatiana M. (2006). Classifying regenerating forest stages in Amazonia using remotely sensed images
and a neural network. Forest Ecology and Management 234: 1-9.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Kurbatova, S. A., Koreneva, Y. e. A., and Vinogradov GAInstitut Biologii V (2007). Response of Microcosm
Zooplankton to Separate and Joint Action of Chlorpyrifos and Heavy Metals Mixture. Biologiya
vnutrennikh vod/Biology of inland water [Biol. Vnutr. Vod/Biol. Inland Water]. no. 3, pp. 87-94.
2007. 3: 87-94.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Kutz, F. W. and Carey, A. E. (1986). Pesticides And Toxic Substances In The Environment. J Arboric 12: 92-
95.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Kuzyk, Z. A., Stow, J. P., Burgess, N. M., Solomon, S. M., and Reimer, K. J. (2005). PCBs in sediments and
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the coastal food web near a local contaminant source in Saglek Bay, Labrador: Contaminants in
Canadian Arctic Biota and Implications for Human Health. Science of The Total Environment 351-
352: 264-284.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Kvien, C. K., Culbreath, A. K., Wilcut, J. W., Brown, S. L., and Bell, D. K. (1993). Peanut Production in Systems
Restricting Use of Pesticides Based on Carcinogenicity or Leachability. Peanut Sci. 20: 118-124 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,BMY,Captan,MZB,CTN,MLX,24DB,AND,CPY,MOM
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Laabs, V., Amelung, W., Pent, G., Zech, W., and Kubiak, R. (2002). Fate of He-Labeled Soybean and Corn
Pesticides in Tropical Soils of Brazil Under Laboratory Conditions. J.Agric.Food Chem. 50: 4619-
4627.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: SZ,ES,CPY Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Laabs, V., Amelung, W., Pinto, A., Altstaedt, A., and Zech, W. (2000). Leaching and degradation of corn and
soybean pesticides in an Oxisol of the Brazilian Cerrados. Chemosphere 41: 1441-1449.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Laabs, V., Wehrhan, A., Pinto, A., Dores, E., and Amelung, W. (2007). Pesticide fate in tropical wetlands of
Brazil: An aquatic microcosm study under semi-field conditions. Chemosphere 67: 975-989 .
Rejection Code: FATE.
Lacorte, S., Lartiges, S. B., Garrigues, P., and Barcelo, D. (1995). Degradation Of Organophosphorus Pesticides
And Their Transformation Products In Estuarine Waters. Environmental Science & Technology 29:
431-438.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Lacorte, S., Molina, C., and Barcelo, D. (1993). Screening Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Environmental
Matrices By Various Gas Chromatographic Techniques. Anal Chim Acta 281: 71-84.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lacorte, S., Vreuls, J. J., Salau, J. S., Ventura, F., and Barcelo, D. (1998). Monitoring Of Pesticides In River
Water Using Fully Automated On-Line Solid-Pase Extraction And Liquid Chromatography With
Diode Array Detection With A Novel Filtration Device. Journal Of Chromatography A 795: 71-82.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lacroix, Pascal, Legresy, Benoit, Coleman, Richard, Dechambre, Monique, and Remy, Frederique (Dual-
frequency altimeter signal from Envisat on the Amery ice-shelf. Remote Sensing of Environment In
Press, Corrected Proof: 149.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Laenge, R., Hutchinson, T. H., Scholz, N, and Solbe, J. (1998). Analysis Of The Ecetoc Aquatic Toxicity (Eat)
Database. li - Comparison Of Acute To Chronic Ratios For Various Aquatic Organisms And
Chemical Substances. Chemosphere 36: 115-127.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Laguerre, C., Sanchez-Hernandez, J. C., Kohler, H. R., Triebskorn, R., Capowiez, Y., Rault, M., and Mazzia, C.
(2009). B-Type Esterases in the Snail Xeropicta derbentina: An Enzymological Analysis to Evaluate
Their Use as Biomarkers of Pesticide Exposure. Environ.Pollut. 157: 199-207 (doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.003).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBF,CP YO,DDVP,CBL Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Lakshmi, A. (1993). Pesticides In India Risk Assessment To Aquatic Ecosystems. Science Of The Total
Environment 0: 243-253.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Lai, A., Tan, G., and Chai, M. (Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables Using Solid-Phase
Extraction and Gas Chromatographic Methods. Anal sci. 2008, feb; 24(2):231-6. [Analytical
sciences : the international journal of the japan society for analytical chemistry]: Anal Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Lai, Sukanya and Lai, Rup (Bioaccumulation, metabolism, and effects of DDT, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos
on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1987) 16: 753-7 CODEN:
AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
Rejection Code: YEAST.
Lambert, M. R. K. (Environmental effects of heavy spillage from a destroyed pesticide store near Hargeisa
(Somaliland) assessed during the dry season, using reptiles and amphibians as bioindicators. Arch.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1997) 32: 80-93 CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lamouroux, J., De Mey, P. J, Lyard, F., Ponchaut, F., and Jeansou, E. (2006). Control of a Free-Surface
Barotropic Model of the Bay of Biscay by Assimilation of Sea-Level Data in Presence of
Atmospheric Forcing Errors.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Lan, Yunfeng and Chen, Zhengfu (Electronic pressure control technique in gas chromatography. Shanghai
Huanjing Kexue (1997) 16: 40-41 CODEN: SHUKE9; ISSN: 1000-3975.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lanari, Riccardo, Casu, Francesco, Manzo, Mariarosaria, and Lundgren, Paul ( Application of the SBAS-
DlnSAR technique to fault creep: A case study of the Hay ward fault, California. Remote Sensing of
Environment In Press, Corrected Proof: 80.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Lancaster, Nicholas, Schaber, Gerald G., and Teller, James T. (2000). Orbital Radar Studies of Paleodrainages
in the Central Namib Desert. Remote Sensing of 'Environment 1'1: 216-225.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Landrigan, Philip J., Claudio, Luz, Markowitz, Steven B., Berkowitz, Gertrud S., Brenner, Barbara L., Romero,
Harry, Wetmur, James G., Matte, Thomas D., Gore, Andrea C., Godbold, James H., and Wolff,
Mary S. (Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks, and prevention. Environ. Health
Perspect. Suppl. (1999) 107: 431-437 CODEN: EHPSEO; ISSN: 1078-0475.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lane, Andrew, Riethmuller, Rolf, Herbers, Dagmar, Rybaczok, Peter, Gunther, Heinz, and Baumert, Helmut
(2000). Observational data sets for model development. Coastal Engineering 41: 125-153.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Langenbach, Tomaz, Mano, Denise M. S., De Souza, Wanderley, and Hagler, Allen N. (Influence of
insecticides on growth, nitrogenase activity and morphology of Azospirillum lipoferum. Cienc.
Cult. (Sao Paulo) (1991) 43: 207-11 CODEN: CCUPAD; ISSN: 0009-6725.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Lanning, Christine L., Fine, Robert L., Sachs, Clifford W., Rao, U. S., Corcoran, James J., and Abou-Donia,
Mohamed B. ( Chlorpyrifos oxon interacts with the mammalian multidrug resistance protein, P-
glycoprotein. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health (1996) 47: 395-407 CODEN: JTEHD6; ISSN: 0098-4108.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
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Larson, S. J., Capel, P. D., Goolsby, D. A., Zaugg, S. D., and Sandstrom, M. W. (1995). Relations Between
Pesticide Use And Riverine Flux In The Mississippi River Basin. Chemosphere 31: 3305-3321.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Lassueur, Thierry, Joost, Stephane, and Randin, Christophe F. (2006). Very high resolution digital elevation
models: Do they improve models of plant species distribution? Ecological Modelling 198: 139-153.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Latrubesse, Edgardo M. and Nelson, Bruce W. (2001). Evidence for Late Quaternary aeolian activity in the
Roraima-Guyana Region. CATENA 43: 63-80.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Latuszynska, J., Luty, S., Raszewski, G., Tokarska-Rodak, M., Przebirowska, D., Przylepa, E., and Haratym-Maj,
A. (2001). Neurotoxic Effect of Dermally-Applied Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin in Wistar Rats.
Ann.Agric.Environ.Med. 8: 163-170.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CYP,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Latuszynska, J., Luty, S., Raszewski, G., Tokarska-Rodak, M., Przebirowska, D., Przylepa, E., and Haratym-
Maj, A. (2001). Neurotoxic Effect of Dermally-Applied Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin in Wistar
Rats. Ann.Agric.Environ.Med. 8 : 163-170.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Laughlin, Joan M., Lamplot, Jana, and Gold, Roger E. ( Chlorpyrifos residues in protective apparel fabrics
following commercial or consumer refurbishment. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. (1988) 989: 705-14
CODEN: ASTTA8; ISSN: 0066-0558.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Laurence, Helene, Fabry, Frederic, Dutilleul, Pierre, Bourgeois, Gaetan, and Zawadzki, Isztar (2002).
Estimation of the spatial pattern of surface relative humidity using ground based radar measurements
and its application to disease risk assessment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 111: 223-231.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Lauten, K. P. and Zitta, R. H. (1997). Fish Kill Related to Spill of Chlorpyrifos. 23rdAnnu.Aquat.Toxicity
Workshop, Oct.7-9, 1996, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci.No. 2144: 42
(ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Lavy, T. L., Mattice, J. D., and Massey, J. H. (1990). Evaluation Of Worker Exposure To Multiple Pesticides.
199th Acs (American Chemical Society) National Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, Usa, April 22-27,
1990. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 199: Agro 21.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lavy, T. L., Mattice, J. D., Massey, J. H., and Skulman, B. W. (1993). Measurements Of Year-Long Exposure
To Tree Nursery Workers Using Multiple Pesticides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 24: 123-144.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lebel, G. L., Williams, D. T., and Benoit, F. M. (1987). Use Of Large-Volume Resin Cartridges For The
Determination Of Organic Contaminants In Drinking Water Derived From The Great Lakes. Suffet,
I. H. AndM. Malaiyandi (Ed.). Advances In Chemistry Series, 214. Organic Pollutants In Water:
Sampling, Analysis, And Toxicity Testing Symposium Held At The 188th Meeting Of The American
Chemical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Usa, August 29-31, 1984. Xvi+797p. American
Chemical Society: Washington, D.c., Usa. Illus. Isbn 0-8412-0951-0.; 0: 309-326.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD .
Lee, C. H., Kamijima, M., Kim, H., Shibata, E., Ueyama, J., Suzuki, T., Takagi, K., Saito, I., Gotoh, M., Hibi, H.,
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Naito, H., and Nakajima, T. (8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Levels in Human Leukocyte and Urine
According to Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Paraoxonase 1 Genotype. Int arch
occup environ health. 2007, jan; 80(3): 217-27. [International archives of occupational and
environmental health]: Int Arch Occup Environ Health.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lee, C. Y., Hemingway, J., Yap, H. H., and Chong, N. L. (2000). Biochemical Characterization of Insecticide
Resistance in the German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica, From Malaysia. Med. Vet.Entomol. 14:
11-18.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PPX,BDC,CPY,CYP,PMR,PTR,DM,DDT Rejection Code:
NO TOXICANT.
Lee, G. Fred, Jones-Lee, Anne, and Taylor, Scott (Evaluation of the water quality significance of OP pesticide
toxicity in tributaries of Upper Newport Bay, Orange County, CA. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. (2000)
STP 1381: 35-51 CODEN: ASTTA8; ISSN: 0066-0558.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Lee, GyuWon and Zawadzki, Isztar (2006). Radar calibration by gage, disdrometer, and polarimetry:
Theoretical limit caused by the variability of drop size distribution and application to fast scanning
operational radar data: Measurement and Parameterization of Rainfall Microstructure. Journal of
Hydrology 328: 83-97.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Lee, H. K., Lee, B. M., and Park, Y. S. (1988). A Monitoring Survey On Pesticide Residues In Hulled Rice.
Res Rep Rural Dev Adm (Suweon) 30: 52-58.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Lee, H. K., Lee, Y. D., and Shin, Y. H. (A Survey On Pesticide Residues In Paddy Soils. Res Rep Off Rural
Dev (Soil Pert Crop Prot Mycol Farm Prod Util) (Suweon); 26 (2). 1984 (Reed. 1985). 99-104.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Lee, H. K., Lee, Y. D., and Shin, Y. H. (1988). A Monitoring Survey On Pesticide Residues In Apples And
Citrus Fruits. Res Rep Rural Dev Adm (Suweon) 30: 42-51.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Lee, James D., Lewis, Alastair C., Monks, Paul S., Jacob, Mark, Hamilton, Jacqueline F., Hopkins, James R.,
Watson, Nicola M., Saxton, Julie E., Ennis, Christopher, Carpenter, Lucy J., Carslaw, Nicola,
Fleming, Zoe, Bandy, Brian J., Oram, David E., Penkett, Stuart A., Slemr, Jana, Norton, Emily,
Rickard, Andrew R. , K Whalley, Lisa, Heard, Dwayne E., Bloss, William J., Gravestock, Thomas,
Smith, Shona C., Stanton, Jenny, Pilling, Michael J., and Jenkin, Michael E. (2006). Ozone
photochemistry and elevated isoprene during the UK heatwave of august 2003. Atmospheric
Environment 40: 7598-7613.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Lee, K. W., Kim, H. C., Lee, S. H., Korch, G. W., and Klein, T. A. (1996). Susceptibility and Resistance to
Diagnostic Doses of Insecticides on Vector and Nuisance Mosquitoes in Korea. Korean J.Entomol.
26: 249-256 (KOR) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,TMP,CPY,FNTH,PPX,PMR Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
Lee, K. W., Kim, H. C., Lee, S. H., Korch, G. W., and Klein, T. A. (1996). Susceptibility and Resistance to
Diagnostic Doses of Insecticides on Vector and Nuisance Mosquitoes in Korea. Korean J.Entomol.
26: 249-256 (KOR) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
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Lee, Khil-Ha and Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. (2004). A combined passive/active microwave remote sensing
approach for surface variable retrieval using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission observations.
Remote Sensing of Environment 92: 112-125.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Lee, L. S. J. and Ern, B. ( Chemistry And Bioavailability Of Waste Constituents In Soils. Fedrip Database,
National Technical Information Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Lee, N. and Skerritt, J. H. (1998). Immunoanalysis And Separation Of Dissolved From Particle-Bound Pesticide
Residues. Food And Agricultural Immunology 10: 3-12.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lee, S. E. (2002). Biochemical Mechanisms Conferring Cross-Resistance to Fumigant Toxicities of Essential Oils
in a Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Resistant Strain of Oryzaephilus Surinamensis L. (Coleoptera:
Silvanidae). J.StoredProd.Res. 38: 157-166.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y-Methyl Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lee, W. J., Alavanja, M. C., Hoppin, J. A., Rusiecki, J. A., Kamel, F., Blair, A., and Sandier, D. P. (Mortality
Among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ
health perspect. 2007, apr; 115(4):528-34. [Environmental health perspectives]: Environ Health
Perspect.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lee, W. J., Sandier, D. P., Blair, A., Samanic, C., Cross, A. J., and Alavanja, M. C. (Pesticide Use and Colorectal
Cancer Risk in the Agricultural Health Study. Intj cancer. 2007, jul 15; 121(2):339-46.
[International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer]: Int J Cancer.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Leeuwangh, P. (1994). Comparison of Chlorpyrifos Fate and Effects in Outdoor Aquatic Micro- and Mesocosms
of Various Scale and Construction. In: I.R.Hill, F.Heimbach, P.Leeuwangh, and P.Matthiesson
(Eds.), Freshwater Field Tests for Hazard Assessment of Chemicals, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,
FL 217-248.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Lefsky, Michael A., Hudak, Andrew T., Cohen, Warren B., and Acker, S. A. (2005). Geographic variability in
lidar predictions of forest stand structure in the Pacific Northwest. Remote Sensing of Environment
95: 532-548.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Legresy, Benoit, Papa, Fabrice, Remy, Frederique, Vinay, Gaetan, van den Bosch, Mathias, and Zanife, Ouan-
Zan (2005). ENVISAT radar altimeter measurements over continental surfaces and ice caps using
the ICE-2 retracking algorithm. Remote Sensing of Environment 95: 150-163.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Lehotay, S. J. (Determination of Pesticide Residues in Foods by Acetonitrile Extraction and Partitioning With
Magnesium Sulfate: Collaborative Study. Jaoac int. 2007 mar-apr; 90(2):485-520. [Journal of
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FOOD.
Lehotay, S. J., Harman-Fetcho, J. A., and Mcconnell, L. L. (1998). Agricultural Pesticide Residues In Oysters
And Water From Two Chesapeake Bay Tributaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37: 32-44.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Leidy, R. B. (1987). Surface Sampling Of Insecticides And Its Application To Food-Handling Establishments.
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193rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Denver, Colorado, Usa, April 5-10, 1987.
AbstrPap Am Chem Soc 193: No Pagination.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Leidy, R. B. and Moore, H. B. (1994). Residue Levels Of Three Termiticides In Soils Four Years After
Application. 207th National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San Diego, California,
Usa, March 13-17, 1994. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 207: Agro 35.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Leidy, R. B. and Stout, D. M li (1996). Residues Of Chlorpyrifos And Dichlorvos Indoors Following A
Perimeter House Application. 211th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans,
Louisiana, Usa, March 24-28, 1996. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 211: Agro
192.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Leidy, R. B. and Wright, C. G. (1987). Airborne Residues Of A Termiticide Formulation Of Chlorpyrifos In
Homes A Two-Year Study. 193rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Denver,
Colorado, Usa, April 5-10, 1987. AbstrPap Am Chem Soc 193: No Pagination.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Leidy, R. B. and Wright, C. G. (1991). Trapping efficiency of selected adsorbents for various airborne
pesticides. J. Environ. Sci. Health PartBB26: 367-82 CODEN: JPFCD2; ISSN: 0360-1234.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Leidy, R. B. and Wright, C. G. (1996). Distribution Of Chlorpyrifos In Air And On Surfaces After Crack And
Crevice Application To Rooms. 211th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans,
Louisiana, Usa, March 24-28, 1996. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 211: Agro
191.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Leidy, R. B., Wright, C. G., and Dupree, H. E Jr (1987). A Sampling Method To Determine Insecticide
Residues On Surfaces And Its Application To Food-Handling Establishments. Environ Monit Assess
9: 47-56.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Leidy, R. B., Wright, C. G., and Dupree, H. E Jr (1993). Exposure Levels To Indoor Pesticides. Racke, K. D.
And A. R. Leslie (Ed.). Acs Symposium Series, 522. Pesticides In Urban Environments: Fate And
Significance 203rd National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California,
Usa, April 5-10, 1992. Xii+378p. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Usa. Isbn 0-8412-
2627-X.; 0:282-296.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Leidy, R. B., Wright, C. G., and Dupree, H. E Jr (1996). Distribution Of Chlorpyrifos In Air And On Surfaces
Following Crack And Crevice Application To Rooms. Environmental Monitoring And Assessment
42: 253-263 .
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Leidy, R. B., Wright, C. G., and Dupree, H. E. Jr. ( Applicator exposure to airborne concentrations of a
termiticide formulation of Chlorpyrifos. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1991) 47 : 177-83
CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lemmon, C. R. and Pylypiw, H. M Jr (1992). Degradation Of Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Isofenphos And
Pendimethalin In Grass And Compost. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 48: 409-415.
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Lemus, R., Abdelghani, A. A., Akers, T. G., and Horner, W. E. (1997). Potential Health Risks From Indoor
Exposure To Chlorpyrifos 0 0-Diethyl 0-3 5 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridyl Phosphorothioate. Reviews On
Environmental Health 12: 91-97.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lenhart, S. W. and Kawamoto, M. M. (Health hazard evaluation report HETA 92-022-2327 , Green Circle
Growers, Inc., Oberlin, Ohio. Report (1993). HETA-92-022-2327; Order No. PB94-117124, 69pp.
Avail.: NTISFrom: Gov. Rep. Announce. Index U. S.) 1994, 94(4. Abstr. No. 411,491.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lenoir, J. S., Mcconnell, L. L., Fellers, G. M., Cahill, T. M., and Seiber, J. N. (1999). Summertime Transport
Of Current-Use Pesticides From California's Central Valley To The Sierra Nevada Mountain Range,
Usa. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 18: 2715-2722.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Lenoir, J., Aston, L., Datta, S., Fellers, G., Mcconnell, L., and Seiber, J. (1998). Pesticides And Pcbs In Sierra
Nevada Ecosystems Potential Relationship To Decline Of Amphibians. 216th National Meeting Of
The American Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, Usa, August 23-27, 1998. Abstracts Of
Papers American Chemical Society 216: Envr 114.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Leon, J. G. , Calmant, S., Seyler, F., Bonnet, M.-P., Cauhope, M., Frappart, F., Filizola, N., and Fraizy, P.
(2006). Rating curves and estimation of average water depth at the upper Negro River based on
satellite altimeter data and modeled discharges: The ICWRER - Symposium in Dresden, Germany.
Journal of Hydrology 328: 481-496.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Leonard, R. A. (1990). Movement Of Pesticides Into Surface Waters. Cheng, H. H. (Ed). Sssa (Soil Science
Society Of America) Book Series, No. 2. Pesticides In The Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts,
And Modeling. Xxiii+5 30p. Soil Science Society Of America, Inc.: Madison, Wisconsin, Usa. Illus.
Isbn 0-89118-791-X. 0: 303-350.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Leong, K. H., Tan, L. L., and Mustafa, A. M. ( Contamination Levels of Selected Organochlorine and
Organophosphate Pesticides in the Selangor River, Malaysia Between 2002 and 2003.
Chemosphere. 2007, jan; 66(6): 1153-9. [Chemosphere]: Chemosphere.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Leoni, V. Jr ( The Separation Of Fifty Pesticides And Related Compounds And Polychlorobiphenyls Into Four
Groups By Silica Gel Microcolumn Chromatography. J. Chromatogr.; 62(1): 63-71 1971;
(Ref:13).
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Leoni, V., Caricchia, A. M., Comi, R., Martini, F., Rodolico, S., and Vitali, M. (1995). Risk Assessment Of
Organophosphorus Pesticide Dietary Intake For The Population Of The City Of Rome Italy.
Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 54: 870-877.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Leoni, V., Cremisini, C., Giovinazzo, R., Puccetti, G., and Vitali, M. (1992). Activated Sludge Biodegradation
Test As A Screening Method To Evaluate Persistence Of Pesticides In Soil. Fourth International
Workshop On Chemical, Biological And Ecotoxicological Behaviour Of Pesticides In The Soil
Environment, Rome, Italy, May 29-31, 1991. Sci Total Environ 123-124: 279-289.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lesser, Jennifer, Blodgett, Dennis, and Ehrich, Marion (2000). Comparison of oxime-initiated reactivation of
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organophosphorous-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in brains of avian embryos. J. Toxicol. Environ.
Health Part A 59: 57-66 CODEN: JTEHF8.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Levin, Edward, Timofeeva, Olga, Seidler, Frederic, and Slotkin, Theodore (2008). Long-term cognitive effects of
low-level developmental organophosphate pesticide exposure: Divergent effects of chlorpyrifos,
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Lewis, G. C. and Clements, R. 0. (1985). Effect of Fungicide Seed Treatment and Post-Emergence Insecticide
Sprays on the Establishment of Italian and Perennial Ryegrass. Tests Agrochem.Cultiv. 6: 66-67.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: OMT,BMY,Captan,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lewis, R. G., Bond, A. E., Fitz-Simons, T. R., Johnson, D. E., and Hsu, J. P. (Monitoring For Non-
Occupational Exposure To Pesticides In Indoor And Personal Respiratory Air. Govt Reports
Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 13, 1986.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lewis, R. G., Bond, A. E., Johnson, D. E., and Hsu, J. P. (1988). Measurements Of Atmospheric Concentrations
Of Common Household Pesticides A Pilot Study. Environ Monit Assess 10: 59-74.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lewis, R. G., Fortmann, R. C., and Camann, D. E. (Evaluation of methods for monitoring the potential
exposure of small children to pesticides in the residential environment. Arch. Environ. Contain.
Toxicol. (1994) 26: 37-46 CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lewis, R. G., Fortune, C. R., Blanchard, F. T., and Camann, D. E. (Movement And Deposition Of Pesticides
Within Residences After Interior And Exterior Applications. Govt Reports Announcements & Index
(Gra&I), Issue 20, 2000.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lewis, R. G., Fortune, C. R., Willis, R. D., Camann, D. E., and Antley, J. T. (1999). Distribution Of Pesticides
And Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In House Dust As A Function Of Particle Size.
Environmental Health Perspectives 107: 721-726.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Li, A., Liu, X., Kong, J., Huang, R., and Wu, C. (2008). Chemiluminescence Determination of Organophosphorus
Pesticides Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable. Analytical Letters, 41 (8) pp. 1375-1386, 2008.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FOOD.
Li, B., Schopfer, L. M., Hinrichs, S. H., Masson, P., and Lockridge, 0. (Matrix-Assisted Laser
Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Assay for Organophosphorus Toxicants
Bound to Human Albumin at Tyr411. Anal biochem. 2007, feb 15; 361(2):263-72. [Analytical
biochemistry]: Anal Biochem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Li, Kun, Xing, Baoshan, and Torello, William A. (2005). Effect of organic fertilizers derived dissolved organic
matter on pesticide sorption and leaching. Environmental Pollution 134: 187-194.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Li, P. W. and Lai, Edwin S. T. (2004). Short-range quantitative precipitation forecasting in Hong Kong:
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting II. Journal of Hydrology 288: 189-209.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
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Li, Q., Kobayashi, M., and Kawada, T. ( Organophosphorus Pesticides Induce Apoptosis in Human Nk Cells.
Toxicology. 2007, sep 24; 239(l-2):89-95. [Toxicology]: Toxicology.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Li, S. N, Sun, Y., Yang, T., and Huangpu, W. G. (Relationship Between Mobility Factors (Rf) of Two
Hydrophobic Termiticides and Selected Field and Artificial Soil Parameters. Sci total environ. 2007,
dec 15; 388(1-3):206-13. [The science of the total environment]: Sci Total Environ.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Li, Shouqi, Ni, Zuyao, Song, Xiaoou, Liu, Yuqing, Liu, Xiaorong, and Zhao, Lin ( Structure-activity
relationship analysis of mutagenicity of Organophosphorus pesticides and their molecular
mechanism. Zhongguo Yaolixue YuDulixue Zazhi (1993) 7: 93-9 CODEN: ZYYZEW; ISSN: 1000-
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Rejection Code: QSAR.
Li, W., Merrill, D. E., and Haith, D. A. (1990). Loading Functions For Pesticide Runoff. Res J Water Pollut
Control Fed 62: 16-26.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Li, Weiwei and Casida, John E. (Actions of two highly potent Organophosphorus neuropathy target esterase
inhibitors in mammalian cell lines. Toxicol. Lett. (1997) 92: 123-130 CODEN: TOLED5; ISSN:
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Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Li, X. and Yeh, A. G. (2004). Multitemporal SAR images for monitoring cultivation systems using case-based
reasoning. Remote Sensing of Environment 90: 524-534.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Li, X., He, J., and Li, S. (Isolation of a Chlorpyrifos-Degrading Bacterium, Sphingomonas Sp. Strain Dsp-2, and
Cloning of the Mpd Gene. Res microbiol. 2007, mar; 158(2): 143-9. [Research in microbiology]:
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Li, Xiaohui, Jiang, Jiandong, Gu, Lifeng, Ali, Shinawar Waseem, He, Jian, and Li, Shunpeng (2008). Diversity of
chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria isolated from chlorpyrifos-contaminated samples. 62: 331-335.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Li, Z. C., Yost, R. S., and Green, R. E. (1998). Incorporating Uncertainty In A Chemical Leaching Assessment.
Journal Of Contaminant Hydrology 29: 285-299.
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Liang, Xu, Guo, Jianzhong, and Leung, L. Ruby (2004). Assessment of the effects of spatial resolutions on
daily water flux simulations: The Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP). Journal of
Hydrology 298: 287-310.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Lieberman, M. T. and Alexander, M. (Effects of pesticides on decomposition of organic matter and nitrification
in sewage. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26(4): 554-560 1981 (17References).
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lin, Charles A., Wen, Lei, Lu, Guihua, Wu, Zhiyong, Zhang, Jianyun, Yang, Yang, Zhu, Yufei, and Tong,
Linying (2006). Atmospheric-hydrological modeling of severe precipitation and floods in the Huaihe
River Basin, China: Hydro-ecological functioning of the Pang and Lambourn catchments, UK -
Results from the Lowland Catchment Research (LOCAR) initiative. Journal of Hydrology 330:
249-259.
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Lino, C. M. and Noronha da Silveira, M. I. (1994). Chlorpyrifos, Ethion, Fenitrothion, and Methidathion Residues
in Chickens. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 52: 425-431.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,MDT,ETN,FNT Rejection Code: NO CONC/SURVEY.
Lipsey, R. L. ( A comparison of pesticide use by Florida PCOs and homeowners. Pest Control 48(10): 26-59
1980.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Liu, B., McConnell, L. L., and Torrents, A. (2001). Hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos in natural waters of the
Chesapeake Bay. Chemosphere 44: 1315-1323.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Liu, Haibo, Olsson, Peter Q., Volz, Karl P., and Yi, Han (2006). A climatology of mesoscale model simulated
low-level wind jets over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, Alaska: Merging Engineering and Science in
Marine Environmental Model Applications. Estuarim, Coastal and Shelf Science 70: 551-566.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Liu, Jing, Chakraborti, Tamal, and Pope, Carey (2002). In Vitro Effects of Organophosphorus
Anticholinesterases on Muscarinic Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Acetylcholine Release in Rat
Striatum. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 178: 102-108.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Liu, T. S. and Wang, Y. S. (1992). Screening for Insecticides and the Application of Yellow Sticky Card in the
Control of American Leafminer Liriomyza Trifolii (Burgess). Bull.Taichung Dist.Agric.Improv.Stn.
36: 7-16 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,CYR,CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Liu, T. S. and Wang, Y. S. (1992). Screening for Insecticides and the Application of Yellow Sticky Card in the
Control of American Leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Bull.Taichung Dist.Agric.Improv.Stn.
36: 7-16 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Liu, Yinghui, Key, Jeffrey R., Frey, Richard A., Ackerman, Steven A., and Menzel, W. Paul (2004). Nighttime
polar cloud detection with MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 92: 181-194.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Loague, K., Miyahira, R. N, Green, R. E., Oki, D. S., Giambelluca, T. W., and Schneider, R. C. (1995).
Chemical Leaching Near The Waiawa Shaft Oahu Hawaii 2. Modeling Results. Ground Water 33:
124-138.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Loague, K., Miyahira, R. N., Oki, D. S., Green, R. E., Schneider, R. C., and Giambelluca, T. W. (1994).
Chemical Leaching Near The Waiawa Shaft Oahu Hawaii 1. Field Experiments And Laboratory
Analysis. Ground Water 32: 986-996.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Lodovici, M., Aiolli, S., Monserrat, C., Dolara, P., Medica, A., and Di Simplicio, P. (Effect of a mixture of 15
commonly used pesticides on DNA levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and xenobiotic-
metabolizing enzymes in rat liver . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 13(3), 163-8 CODEN:
JEPOEC; ISSN: 0731-8898.
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Lodovici, Maura, Casalini, Chiara, Briani, Carla, and Dolara, Piero ( Oxidative liver DNA damage in rats
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Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Loew, Alexander and Mauser, Wolfram (2007). Generation of geometrically and radiometrically terrain
corrected SAR image products. Remote Sensing of Environment 106: 337-349.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Loewenherz, C., Fenske, R. A., Simcox, N. J., Bellamy, G., and Kalman, D. (1997). Biological Monitoring Of
Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure Among Children Of Agricultural Workers In Central
Washington State. Environmental Health Perspectives 105: 1344-1353.
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Logas, D. B. (1995). The Cat, the Flea, and Pesticides. Vet.Clinics NA Small Anim.Pract. 25: 801-811.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ,FNV,MTPN Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Lohman, P. H. M. ( Qualitative and quantitative procedures for health risk assessment. Mutat. Res. (1999) 428:
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
London, L. and Myers, J. (1995). Agrichemical Usage Patterns And Workplace Exposure In The Major
Farming Sectors In The Southern Region Of South Africa. South African Journal Of Science 91:
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
London, L. and Myers, J. (1995). General Patterns Of Agrichemical Usage In The Southern Region Of South
Africa. South African Journal Of Science 91: 509-514.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
London, L. and Myers, J. E. (1995). Critical Issues For Agrichemical Safety In South Africa. American Journal
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Longley, M. (1999). A Review Of Pesticide Effects Upon Immature Aphid Parasitoids Within Mummified
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Lopez, F. J., Beltran, J., Forcada, M., and Hernandez, F. (1998). Comparison Of Simplified Methods For
Pesticide Residue Analysis: Use Of Large-Volume Injection In Capillary Gas Chromatography.
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Lopez, R. and Coye, M. J. (Insecticide Spraying In Enclosed Occupied Areas. Journal Of The American
Medical Association, Vol. 252, No. 13, Page 1762, 2 References, 1984.
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Lopez-Avila, V., Beckett, W. F., and Billets, S. (1991). Supercritical Fluid Extraction And Its Application To
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Lopez-Crespo, G. A., Carvajal, F., Flores, P., Sanchez-Santed, F., and Sanchez-Amate, M. C. ( Time course of
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Lora-Tamayo, C., Rams, M. A., and Chacon, J. M. R. ( Gas chromatographic data for 187 nitrogen- or
phosphorus-containing drugs and metabolites of toxicological interest analyzed on methyl silicone
capillary columns. J. Chromatogr. (1986) 374: 73-85 CODEN: JOCRAM; ISSN: 0021-9673.
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Lorenzin, M. (Pesticide Residues in Italian Ready-Meals and Dietary Intake Estimation . J environ sci health b.
2007 sep-oct; 42(7):823-33. [Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, pesticides, food
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lores, E. M., Moore, J. C., and Moody, P. (1987). Improved Silica Gel Cleanup Method For Organophosphorus
Pesticides. Chemosphere 16: 1065-1070.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lotti, M., Moretto, A., Zoppellari, R., Dainese, R., Rizzuto, N, and Barusco, G. (Inhibition of lymphocytic
neuropathy target esterase predicts the development of organophosphate-induced delayed
polyneuropathy. Arch. Toxicol. (1986) 59: 176-9 CODEN: ARTODN; ISSN: 0340-5761.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lou, Xiaohua and Liang, Tianxi ( Systematic determination of pesticide residues by capillary gas
chromatography. Huanjing Huaxue (1989) 8: 39-47 CODEN: HUHUDB; ISSN: 0254-6108.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D. (2006). Multifractals, cloud radiances and rain: Hydrofractals '03. Journal of
Hydrology 322: 59-88.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Lu Jianhang , Wu Laosheng, Newman Julie, Faber, B. e. n., Merhaut DonaldJ. , and Gan Jianying (2006).
Sorption and Degradation of Pesticides in Nursery Recycling Ponds. Journal of Environmental
Quality [J. Environ. Qual.J. Vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1795-1802. Sep 2006.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Lu, C. and Fenske, R. (1991). Indoor Air Surface Chlorpyrifos Residues Following Broadcast and Total Release
Aerosol Fogger Applications for Flea Control. ACS (Am.Chem.Soc.) Natl.Meet.ofthe
Am.Chem.Soc., Apr.14-19, 1991, Atlanta, GA 201: Agro 101.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Lu, C. and Fenske, R. A. (1998). Air And Surface Chlorpyrifos Residues Following Residential Broadcast And
Aerosol Pesticide Applications. Environmental Science & Technology 32: 1386-1390.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Lu, C. and Fenske, R. A. (1999). Dermal Transfer Of Chlorpyrifos Residues From Residential Surfaces:
Comparison Of Hand Press, Hand Drag, Wipe, And Polyurethane Foam Roller Measurements After
Broadcast And Aerosol Pesticide Applications. Environmental Health Perspectives 107: 463-467.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Lu, X., Tao, S., Hu, H., and Dawson, R. W. (Estimation of bioconcentration factors of nonionic organic
compounds in fish by molecular connectivity indices and polarity correction factors. Chemosphere
(2000) 41: 1675-1688 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
Lu, Zhong, Rykhus, Russell, Masterlark, Tim, and Dean, Ken G. (2004). Mapping recent lava flows at
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Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of
Environmental'. 345-353.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Lubick, N. (2007). Order Matters in Pesticide Exposures. Environ.Sci.Technol. 41: 5169-5170.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Lucas, Richard M, Cronin, Natasha, Lee, Alex, Moghaddam, Mahta, Witte, Christian, and Tickle, Phil (2006).
Empirical relationships between AIRSAR backscatter and LiDAR-derived forest biomass,
Queensland, Australia. Remote Sensing of Environment 100: 407-425.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Lucas, Richard M., Cronin, Natasha, Moghaddam, Mahta, Lee, Alex, Armston, John, Bunting, Peter, and Witte,
Christian (2006). Integration of radar and Landsat-derived foliage projected cover for woody
regrowth mapping, Queensland, Australia. Remote Sensing of Environment 100: 388-406.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Lucas-AbellÁ, N, C., GabaldÓ, N-HernÁ, Ndez, J. A., Penalva, J., Fortea, M. I., NÚ,
Ñ, and Ez-Delicado, E. (Preparation and Characterization of the Inclusion Complex of
Chlorpyrifos in Cyclodextrins to Improve Insecticide Formulations. J agric food chem. 2008, sep
10; 56(17): 8081-5. [Journal of agricultural and food chemistry]: J Agric Food Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Ludwig, John A., Bastin, Gary N., Chewings, Vanessa H., Eager, Robert W., and Liedloff, Adam C. (2007).
Leakiness: A new index for monitoring the health of arid and semiarid landscapes using remotely
sensed vegetation cover and elevation data. Ecological Indicators 7: 442-454.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Luik, A. I., Braver-Chernobul'skaya, B. S., and Luk'yanchuk, V. D. (Mechanisms of albumin conformational
adaptation to ligands having different chemical structure. Biokhimiya (Moscow) (1983) 48: 645-51
CODEN: BIOHAO; ISSN: 0006-307X.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Luke, M. A., Langham, W. S., Kodama, D. M., Masumoto, H. T., Froberg, J. E., and Doose, G. M. (1991).
Current And Future Status Of Pesticide Multiresidue Methodology. Frehse, H. (Ed.). Pesticide
Chemistry: Advances In International Research, Development, And Legislation Seventh
International Congress Of Pesticide Chemistry, Hamburg, Germany, August 5-10, 1990. Xiv+666p.
Vch Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh: Weinheim, Germany; Vch Publishers Inc.: New York, New York,
Usa. Illus. Isbn 3-527-28111-8; Isbn 0-89573-975-5.; 0: 373-382.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Lunt, I. A. , Hubbard, S. S., and Rubin, Y. (2005). Soil moisture content estimation using ground-penetrating
radar reflection data. Journal of 'Hydrology 307': 254-269.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Lusky, K., Bohm, D., Stoyke, M., Hecht, H., Luthardt, M., and Lippert, A. (Environmental contamination of
game in the Schorfheide-Chorin Nature Reserve. Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. (1992) 43 : 131-6
CODEN: ALMHAO; ISSN: 0003-925X.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Luttik, R. and Aldenberg, T. (1997). Extrapolation Factors for Small Samples of Pesticide Toxicity Data: Special
Focus on Ld50 Values for Birds and Mammals. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16: 1785-1788.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
4AP,ADC,AND,AZ,CBF,CHD,CPY,DEM,DZ,DDW,DCTP,DLD,DMT,DS,ES,EN,FNT,FNTH,F
NF,HPT,IFP,MLN,MCB,MOM,MP,MW,PAQT,PRN,PRT,PPHD,PIM,PPX,STAR,STCH,TMP,TC
-------
F,24DXY,ACP,ADC,BDC,BDF,CBL,CBF,CHD,CPY,CPYM,DZM,DZ,DLD,DMT,DINO,EN,HCC
H,MTM,MDT,OMD,OXD,TDC,TPM,THM Rejection Code: MODELING.
Luttik, Robert (Assessing repellency in a modified avian LC50 procedure removes the need for additional tests.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (1998) 40: 201-205 CODEN: EESADV; ISSN: 0147-6513.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Lytle, J. S. and Lytle, T. F. (2002). Uptake and Loss of Chlorpyrifos and Atrazine by Juncus Effusus L. In a
Mesocosm Study With a Mixture of Pesticides. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1817-1825.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Lytle, J. S. and Lytle, T. F. (2002). Uptake and Loss of Chlorpyrifos and Atrazine by Juncus Effusus L. In a
Mesocosm Study With a Mixture of Pesticides. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 21: 1817-1825.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CYP,MSMA,Hg,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ma, T. and Chambers, J. E. (parathionKinetic parameters of desulfuration and dearylation of parathion and
Chlorpyrifos by rat liver microsomes. Food Chem. Toxicol. (1994) 32: 763-7 CODEN: FCTOD7;
ISSN: 0278-6915.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ma, T. and Chambers, J. E. (1994). Kinetic Parameters of Desulfuration and Dearylation of Parathion and
Chlorpyrifos by Rat Liver Microsomes. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32: 763-767.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ma, Tangeng and Chambers, Janice E. (A kinetic analysis of hepatic microsomal activation of parathion and
Chlorpyrifos in control and phenobarbital-treated rats. J. Biochem. Toxicol. (1995) 10: 63-8
CODEN: JBTOEB; ISSN: 0887-2082.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Maas, R. P., Kucken, D. J., Patch, S. C., Peek, B. T., and Van Engelen Dl (1995). Pesticides In Eastern North
Carolina Rural Supply Wells: Land Use Factors And Persistence. Journal Of Environmental Quality
24:426-431.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Macalady, D. L. and Wolfe, N. L. (New Perspectives On The Hydrolytic Degradation Of The
Organophosphorothioate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I),
Issue 12, 1984.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Macalady, D. L. and Wolfe, N. L. (1981). Some New Perspectives On Hydrolytic Degradation Of The Organo
Phosphonothionate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. 182nd Acs (American Chemical Society) National
Meeting, New York, N.y., Usa, Aug. 23-28, 1981. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 182: Pest 20.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Macalady, D. L. and Wolfe, N. L. (1982). Degradation Of Chlorpyrifos In Sediment Water Systems. 183rd Acs
(American Chemical Society) National Meeting, Las Vegas, Nev., Usa, March 28-April 2, 1982.
AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 183: Envr-77.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Macalady, D. L. and Wolfe, N. L. (1985). Effects of Sediment Sorption and Abiotic Hydrolyses. 1.
Organophosphorothioate Esters. J.Agric.Food Chem. 33: 167-173.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Macalady, D. L., Tratnyek, P. G., and Grundl, T. J. (1986). Abiotic Reduction Reactions Of Anthropogenic
Organic Chemicals In Anaerobic Systems A Critical Review. J Contam Hydrol 1: 1 -28 .
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Maccarthy, P. and Et, A. L. (1990). Humic Substances In Soil And Crop Sciences Selected Readings
Symposium Chicago Illinois Usa December 2 1985. Maccarthy, P., EtAl. (Ed.). Humic Substances
In Soil And Crop Sciences: Selected Readings Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, Usa, December 2,
1985. Xvii+281p. American Society Of Agronomy, Inc.; Soil Science Society Of America, Inc.:
Madison, Wisconsin, Usa. Illus. Isbn 0-89118-104-0.; 0: Xvii+281p.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Machbub, B., Ludwig, H. F., and Gunaratnam, D. (1988). Environmental Impact From Agrochemicals In Bali
Indonesia. Environ MonitAssess 11: 1-24.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Mackay, Donald, Paterson, Sally, Cheung, Betty, and Neely, W. Brock (Evaluating the environmental behavior
of chemicals with a Level III fugacity model. Chemosphere (1985) 14: 335-74 CODEN: CMSHAF;
ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
MacKenzie, B. A., Striley, C. A. F., Biagini, R. E., Stettler, L. E., and Hines, C. J. (Improved rapid analytical
method for the urinary determination of 3,5,6 trichloro-2-pyridinol, a metabolite of chlorpyrifos.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (2000) 65: 1-7 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Macintosh, David L., Spengler, John D., Oezkaynak, Haluk, Tsai, Ling-hui, and Ryan, P. Barry (Dietary
exposures to selected metals and pesticides. Environ. Health Perspect. (1996) 104: 202-9 CODEN:
EVHPAZ; ISSN: 0091-6765.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Maddy, K. T., Edmiston, S., and Richmond, D. (1990). Illness Injuries And Deaths From Pesticide Exposures In
California Usa 1949-1988. Ware, G. W. (Ed.). Reviews Of Environmental Contamination And
Toxicology, Vol. 114. Ix+171p. Springer-Verlag New York Inc.: New York, New York, Usa Berlin,
West Germany. Illus. Isbn 0-387-97207-2; Isbn 3-540-97207-2.; 0: 57-124.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Maddy, K. T., Fong, H. R., Lowe, J. A., Conrad, D. W., and Fredrickson, A. S. (1982). A Study Of Well Water
In Selected California Usa Communities For Residues Of 1 3 Di Chloro Propene Chloroallyl
Alcohol And 49 Organo Phosphate Or Chlorinated Hydro Carbon Pesticides. Bull Environ Contam
Toxicol 29: 354-359.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Madhaiyan, M., Poonguzhali, S., Hari, K., Saravanan, V. S., and Sa, Tongmin (2006). Influence of pesticides on
the growth rate and plant-growth promoting traits of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Pesticide
Biochemistry and Physiology 84: 143-154.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Madhuri, R. J. and Rangaswamy, V. (2002). Influence of Selected Insecticides on Phosphatase Activity in
Groundnut (ArachisHypogeaeL.) Soils. J.Environ.Biol. 23: 393-397.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,MP,PRT,MOM Rejection Code : NO SPECIES.
Madhuri, R. J. and Rangaswamy, V. (2002). Influence of Selected Insecticides on Phosphatase Activity in
Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) Soils. J.Environ.Biol. 23: 393-397.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Magagi, R. and Bernier, M. (2003). Optimal conditions for wet snow detection using RADARSAT SAR data.
Remote Sensing of Environment 84: 221-233.
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Magdic, S., Boyd-Boland, A., Jinno, K., and Pawlisyn, J. B. (1996). Analysis Of Organophosphorus
Insecticides From Environmental Samples Using Solid-Phase Microextraction. Journal Of
Chromatography A 736: 219-228.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Magnotti, R. A Jr, Zaino, J. P., and Mcconnell, R. S. (1994). Pesticide-Sensitive Fish Muscle Cholinesterases.
Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology C Pharmacology Toxicology And Endocrinology 108:
187-194.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Maguire, R. J. and Tkacz, R. J. (1993). Occurrence Of Pesticides In The Yamaska River, Quebec. Arch
Environ Contam Toxicol 25: 220-226.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mahaboob khan, S. and Kour, Gurjot ( Subacute oral toxicity of chlorpyriphos and protective effect of green tea
extract. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology In Press, Accepted Manuscript: 420.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Majczakowa, W., Badach, H., Soczewinska-Klepacka, Z., and Molocznik, A. (Evaluation Of Conditions Of
Work With A Granular Pesticide - Dursban 5g. Medycyna Wiejska 1985, Vol.20, No.4, P.269-278.
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Majewski, M. S. (1999). Micrometeorologic Methods For Measuring The Post-Application Volatilization Of
Pesticides. Water Air And Soil Pollution 115: 83-113.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Majewski, M. S., Foreman, W. T., Goolsby, D. A., and Nakagaki, N. (1998 ). Airborne Pesticide Residues
Along The Mississippi River. Environmental Science & Technology 32: 3689-3698.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Majewski, M. S., Glotfelty, D. E., Kyaw, T. H. A. Paw U, and Seiber, J. N. (1990). A Field Comparison Of
Several Methods For Measuring Pesticide Evaporation Rates From Soil. Environ Sci Technol 24:
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Majewski, M. S., Glotfelty, D. E., Mcchesney, M. M., and Seiber, J. N. (1987). A Comparison Of Methods For
Measuring The Volatilization Flux Of Several Pesticides From Soil. 194th American Chemical
Society National Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, Usa, August 30-September 4, 1987. Abstr Pap
Am Chem Soc 194: Agro 121.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Mampe, C. D. (1987). Termiticides Is There A Right One? Pest Control 55: 26, 28, 30, 54.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Mampe, C. D. (1988). Making The Right Choice. Pest Control 56: 34-36.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Manclus, J. J. and Montoya, A. (1995). Development Of Immunoassays For The Analysis Of Chlorpyrifos And
Its Major Metabolite 3 5 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol In The Aquatic Environment. Analytica Chimica
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Manclus, J. J. and Montoya, A. (1996). Development Of An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay For 3,5,6-
Trichloro-2-Pyridinol. 2. Assay Optimization And Application To Environmental Water Samples.
Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 44: 3710-3716.
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Manclus, J. J. and Montoya, A. (1996). Development Of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays For The
Insecticide Chlorpyrifos. 2. Assay Optimization And Application To Environmental Waters.
Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 44: 4063-4070.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Manclus, Juan J., Primo, Jaime, and Montoya, Angel (Development of a Chlorpyrifos Immunoassay Using
Antibodies Obtained from a Simple Hapten Design. J. Agric. FoodChem. (1994) 42: 1257-60
CODEN: JAFCAU; ISSN: 0021-8561.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Manikandan, Natarajan, Seenivasan, Subbiah, Ganapathy, Muthukumar Navaneetha Krishna, Muraleedharan,
Narayanan Nair, and Selvasundaram, Rajagopal (2009-). Leaching of residues of certain pesticides
from black tea to brew. 113: 522-525.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Manisankar, P., Viswanathan, S., Pusphalatha, A. Mercy, and Rani, C. (2005). Electrochemical studies and
square wave stripping voltammetry of five common pesticides on poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
modified wall-jet electrode. Analytica ChimicaActa 528: 157-163.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Mann, H. D. (1966). Report of Dursban Insecticide Residue Analysis in Treated Cattle. Pesticide Chemical
Res.Branch, Entomol.Res.Div., A.R.S., U.S.D.A., Rep.No.PCK-66-2.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Mansingh, A., Robinson, D. E., and Dalip, K. M. (1997). Insecticide Contamination Of The Jamaican
Environment. Trends In Analytical Chemistry 16: 115-123.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mansour, M., Feicht, E. A., Behechti, A., Schramm, K. W., and Kettrup, A. (1999). Determination
Photostability Of Selected Agrochemicals In Water And Soil. Chemosphere 39: 575-585.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Mansour, Sameeh A. and Mossa, Abdel Tawab (Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes
induced by Chlorpyrifos and the protective effect of zinc. In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Marble, L. K. and Delfino, J. J. (1988). Extraction and solid phase cleanup methods for pesticides in sediment
and fish. Am. Lab. (Fairfield, Conn.) 20: 23-4, 26, 28, 30, 32 CODEN: ALBYBL; ISSN: 0044-
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Marghany, Maged (2001). RADARS AT automatic algorithms for detecting coastal oil spill pollution.
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 3: 191 -196.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Marghany, Maged (2003). ERS-1 modulation transfer function impact on shoreline change model.
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 4: 279-294.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Marini, D. and Balestrieri, F. (1988). Determination of pesticide residues in cosmetic products -
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organophosphorus compounds in herbal dentifrices. Cosmet. ToiletriesEd. Ital. 9: 19-23.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Markle, Jeff M. and Schincariol, Robert A. (2007). Thermal plume transport from sand and gravel pits -
Potential thermal impacts on cool water streams. Journal of Hydrology 338: 174-195.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Marmorino, G. 0., Cooper, A. L., Mied, R. P., Lindemann, G. J., Trizna, D. B., and Porter, D. L. (2004).
Onshore propagation of a buoyant ocean front observed using a shore-based marine radar.
Continental Shelf Research 24: 951-964.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Marmorino, G. 0., Shen, C. Y., Evans, T. E., Lindemann, G. J., Hallock, Z. R., and Shay, L. K. (2004). Use of
'velocity projection' to estimate the variation of sea-surface height from HF Doppler radar current
measurements. Continental Shelf 'Research 24: 353-374.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Marmorino, George, Askari, Farid, and Mied, Richard (2002). Observations of the creation and evolution of
small-scale oceanic frontal cusps and slicks. Journal of Marine Systems 37: 17-29.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Marquis, P. J., Hanson, R. L., Larsen, M. L., and DeVita, W. M. ( Analytical methods for national study of
chemical residues in fish. II: pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. Chemosphere (1994) 29:
509-21 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Marsden, P. (1991). Gas Chromatography In Environmental Regulation Detection Of Pesticides Using Large
Bore Capillary Columns. Jennings, W. G. AndJ. G. Nikelly (Ed.). Chromatographic Methods:
Capillary Chromatography: The Applications. Vii+153p. HuethigBuch Verlag Gmbh: Heidelberg,
Germany. Illus. Isbn 3-7785-2051-2. 0: 1-16.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Marshall, W. K. and Roberts, J. R. (1978). Ecotoxicology of Chlorpyrifos. Nail.Res.Council Canada, NRCC
No. 16079, Ottawa, Canada 314 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Marshall, W. K. and Roberts, J. R. (1978). Laboratory Evaluations of the Acute Lethal Toxicity of Chloropyrifos
to Fish. In: Natl.Res.Counc.Can., Ottawa, Canada 153.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Marshall, W. K. and Roberts, J. R. (1978). Laboratory Evaluations of the Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos to
Aquatic Invertebrates. In: Natl.Res.Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada 158-160.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Marshall, W. K. and Roberts, J. R. (1978). Reported Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Biota of Aquatic Ecosystems. In:
Natl.Res.Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada 183-189.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Martin, M. and Gutierrez-Galindo, E. (1989). Pesticides And Pcbs In Oysters From Mazatlan Sinaloa Mexico.
Mar Pollut Bull 20: 469-472.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Martinez Galera M, Martinez Vidal Jl, Garrido Frenich A, and Parrilla Vazquez P (1995). Spectrophotometric
Method To Determine Ternary Mixtures Of Atrazine, Diuron, And Chlorpyrifos In Water And Soil
By A Ratio Spectrum-Zero Crossing Method. Journal OfAoac International 78: 423-430.
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Martinez, Jean-Michel and Le loan, Thuy (2007). Mapping of flood dynamics and spatial distribution of
vegetation in the Amazon floodplain using multitemporal SAR data. Remote Sensing of
Environment 108: 209-223.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Martins, E. L., Weber, 0. L., Dores, E. F., and Spadotto, C. A. (Leaching of Seven Pesticides Currently Used in
Cotton Crop in Mato Grosso State-Brazil. J environ sci health b. 2007, nov; 42(8):877-82. [Journal
of environmental science and health. Part. B, pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural
wastes]: J Environ Sci Health B.
Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Maruya, K. A., Loganathan, B. G., Kannan, K., Mccumber-Kahn, S., and Lee, R. F. (1997). Organic And
Organometallic Compounds In Estuarine Sediments From The Gulf Of Mexico (1993-1994).
Estuaries 20: 700-709 .
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mason, D. C., Davenport, I. J., Flather, R. A., Gurney, C., Robinson, G. J., and Smith, J. A. (2001). A
Sensitivity Analysis of the Waterline Method of Constructing a Digital Elevation Model for
Intertidal Areas in ERS SAR scene of Eastern England. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 53:
759-778.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Mason, J. R., Briganti, F., and Wild, J. R. (1997). Protein Engineering For Improved Biodegradation Of
Recalcitrant Pollutants. Wild, J. R., S. D. Varfolomeyev And A. Scozzafava (Ed.). Nato Asi Series 3
High Technology, Vol. 19. Perspectives In Bioremediation: Technologies For Environmental
Improvement 1995 Nato Advanced Research Workshop On Biotechnological Remediation Of
Contaminated Sites, Lviv, Ukraine, March 5-9, 1995. Xvi+123p. Kluwer Academic Publishers:
Dordrecht, Netherlands; Norwell, Massachusetts, Usa. Isbn 0-7923-4339-5.; 19: 107-118.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Mason, M. A., Sheldon, L. S., Guo, Z., and Stout, D. M. (Distribution of Chlorphyrifos in Air, Carpeting, and
Dust and Its Reemission From Carpeting Following the Use of Total Release Aerosols in an Indoor
Air Quality Test House. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 24, 2000.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Massonnet, Didier and Elachi, Charles (2006). High-resolution land topography: La Terre observee depuis
1'espace. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 338: 1029-1041.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Masters, Dallas, Axelrad, Penina, and Katzberg, Stephen (2004). Initial results of land-reflected GPS bistatic
radar measurements in SMEX02: 2002 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX02). Remote Sensing of
Environment 92: 507-520.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Matamoros, V., Puigagut, J., Garcia, J., and Bayona, J. M. (2007). Behavior of Selected Priority Organic
Pollutants in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: a Preliminary Screening.
Chemosphere 69: 1374-1380.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,ACR,DU Rejection Code: FATE.
Matamoros, V., Puigagut, J., Garcia, J., and Bayona, J. M. (2007). Behavior of Selected Priority Organic
Pollutants in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: A Preliminary Screening .
Chemosphere 69: 1374-1380.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
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Mateen, A., Chapalamadugu, S., Kaskar, B., Bhatti, A. R., and Chaudhry, G. R. (1994). Microbial Metabolism
Of Carbamate And Organophosphate Pesticides. Chaudhry, G. R. (Ed.). Biological Degradation
And Bioremediation Of Toxic Chemicals. 515p. Dioscorides Press: Portland, Oregon, Lisa. Isbn 0-
931146-27-5. 0: 198-233.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Matgen, P., Schumann, G., Henry, J.-B., Hoffmann, L., and Pfister, L. (Integration of SAR-derived river
inundation areas, high-precision topographic data and a river flow model toward near real-time flood
management. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation In Press,
Corrected Proof: 1166.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Matsumura, F. (1972). Biological Effects of Toxic Pesticidal Contaminants and Terminal Residues. Academic
Press, NY and London 525-548.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ETU,AZ,DLD,AND,DDT,HCCH,EN,PRN,MLO,MLN,CBL,Maneb,Zineb,TMP,CPY,CBL
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Matsumura, F. (1975). Toxicology of Insecticides . 1st Edition, Plenum Press, NY and London 15-16,43-46,101-
103,160-160,243-251,273-, 274,302-304,323-324,351-354,355-401,473-481.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
PRN,PMT,MLN,DCF,DDT,PCP,EN,TMP,CPY,TCDD,DDW,AZ,PMTH,ATN,PYN,PPB,DLD,AN
D,CHD,HCCH,TXP,NCTN,CBF,CBL,Hg,DXN,PCB Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Mattern, G. C., Louis, J. B., and Rosen, J. D. (1991). Multipesticide Determination In Surface Water By Gas
Chromatography/Chemical lonization/Mass Spectrometry/Ion Trap Detection. JAssoc Off Anal
Chem 74: 982-986.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Matthews, G., Wiles, T., and Baleguel, P. (2003). A survey of pesticide application in Cameroon. Crop
Protection 22: 707-714.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Matthews, John (2005). Stereo observation of lakes and coastal zones using ASTER imagery: Scientific Results
from ASTER. Remote Sensing of'Environment 99: 16-30.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Mattsson, J. L., Holden, L., Eisenbrandt, D. L., and Gibson, J. E. (2001). Reanalysis With Optimized Power of
Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase Activity From a 1 -Year Dietary Treatment of Dogs to
Chlorpyrifos. Toxicology 160: 155-164.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Mau, Jenq-Chi, Wang, Dong-Ping, Ullman, David S., and Codiga, Daniel L. (2007). Comparison of observed
(HF radar, ADCP) and model barotropic tidal currents in the New York Bight and Block Island
Sound. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 12'. 129-137.
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Maul, J. D. and Farris, J. L. (2005). Monitoring Exposure of Northern Cardinals, Cardinalis Cardinalis, to
Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticides: Enzyme Activity, Reactivations, and Indicators of
Environmental Stress. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24: 1721-1730.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Maul, J. D. and Farris, J. L. (2005). Monitoring Exposure of Northern Cardinals, Cardinalis Cardinalis, to
Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticides: Enzyme Activity, Reactivations, and Indicators of
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Environmental Stress. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 24 : 1721-1730.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,DCTP,ACP,ADC,CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Mauriz, E., Calle, A., Lechuga, L. M, Quintana, J., Montoya, A., and Manclus, J. J. (2006). Real-time detection
of chlorpyrifos at part per trillion levels in ground, surface and drinking water samples by a portable
surface plasmon resonance immunosensor. Analytica Chimica Ada 561: 40-47.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Mauriz, E., Calle, A., ManclÚ, S, J. J., Montoya, A., and Lechuga, L. M. (Multi-Analyte Spr
Immunoassays for Environmental Biosensing of Pesticides. Anal bioanal chem. 2007, feb;
387(4): 1449-58. [Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry]: Anal Bioanal Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Mayer, D. F. and Johansen, C. A. (1989). Bee Protection In Urban Environments. Am Bee J129: 106-108.
Rejection Code: REVIEW/NO TOX DATA.
Mayer, F. L. Jr. and Ellersieck, M. R. (1988). Experiences With Single-Species Tests for Acute Toxic Effects on
Freshwater Animals. Ambio 17: 367-375.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EDT,TXP,CBL,DDT,CPY,EN,CLD,PSM,GYP Rejection
Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Mccall, P. J. and Oliver, G. R. (1987). Modeling The Runoff Of Chlorpyrifos In A Terrestrial-Aquatic
Ecosystem . 193rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Denver, Colorado, Lisa, April 5-
10, 1987. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 193: No Pagination.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Mcchesney, M. M. and Seiber, J. N. (1989). Pesticide Residue Content Of Ambient Air Samples From Sites In
California's San Joaquin Valley Usa. 197th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Dallas,
Texas, Usa, April 9-14, 1989. Abstr Pap Am Chem Soc 197: Agro 29.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mcconnell, L. L., Lenoir, J. S., Datta, S., and Seiber, J. N. (1998). Wet Deposition Of Current-Use Pesticides In
The Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, California, Usa. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 17:
1908-1916.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mcconnell, L. L., Nelson, E., Rice, C. P., Baker, J. E., Johnson, W. E., Harman, J. A., and Bialek, K. (1997).
Chlorpyrifos In The Air And Surface Water Of Chesapeake Bay: Predictions Of Atmospheric
Deposition Fluxes. Environmental Science & Technology 31: 1390-1398.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mcconnell, R., Pacheco Anton Af, and Magnotti, R. (1990). Crop Duster Aviation Mechanics: High Risk For
Pesticide Poisoning. Am J Public Health 80: 1236-1239.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
McConnell, Rob, Pacheco, Feliciano, Wahlberg, K. ANG. re, Klein, Willy, Malespin, Omar, Magnotti, Ralph,
Aakerblom, Malin, and Murray, Douglas ( Subclinical Health Effects of Environmental Pesticide
Contamination in a Developing Country: Cholinesterase Depression in Children. Environ. Res.
(1999) 81: 87-91 CODEN: ENVRAL; ISSN: 0013-9351.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
McCully, K. A. (1978). Report on Phosphated Pesticides. J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem. 61: 364-368.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DDW,Naled,DZ,PHSL,PRT,MDT,CPY,DDW,TCF,PPHD,MPO,MW,DCTP,FNT,PRN,DEM,MP
,DMT,CPY,AZ,MLN,TMP,TVP,FNF,ETN Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
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McDougall, K. W., Wan, H., and Harris, C. R. ( The stability of Dieldrin, Aldrin, Lindane, Chlorpyrifos and
Prothiofos in stored roof water. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B : B29(2), 293-301 CODEN: JPFCD2;
ISSN: 0360-1234.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mclnnes, P. F., Andersen, D. E., Hoff, D. J., Hooper, M. J., and Kinkel, L. L. (1996). Monitoring Exposure of
Nestling Songbirds to Agricultural Application of an Organophosphorus Insecticide Using
Cholinesterase Activity. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 15 : 544-552.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mclnnes, Pamela F., Andersen, David E., Hoff, Dale J., Hooper, Michael J., and Kinkel, Linda L. (Monitoring
exposure of nestling songbirds to agricultural application of an organophosphorus insecticide using
Cholinesterase activity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1996) 15: 544-52 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN:
0730-7268.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mckenna, D. P., Bicki, T. J., Dey, W. S., Roy, W. R., and Miller, M. V. (Persistence And Mobility Of Selected
Pesticides In Loessial Soils Of Illinois. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 08,
1990.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Mclaughlin, R. A. and Johnson, B. S. (1997). Optimizing Recoveries Of Two Chlorotriazine Herbicide
Metabolites And 11 Pesticides From Aqueous Samples Using Solid-Phase Extraction And Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal OfChromatography A 790: 161-167.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Mcleay, M. J. and Hall, K. J. (1999). Monitoring Agricultural Drainage Ditches And The Receiving Water
(Nicomekl River, Surrey, B.C.) For Toxicity To Ceriodaphnia Dubia And Probable Cause Due To
Organophosphate Contamination. Water Quality Research Journal Of Canada 34: 423-453.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
McNairn, H., Duguay, C., Brisco, B., and Pultz, T. J. (2002). The effect of soil and crop residue characteristics
on polarimetric radar response. Remote Sensing of Environment 80: 308-320.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Mecklenburg, S., Joss, J., and Schmid, W. (2000). Improving the nowcasting of precipitation in an Alpine
region with an enhanced radar echo tracking algorithm. Journal of Hydrology 239: 46-68 .
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Meharg, A. A. (1994). Assessing The Environmental Distribution Of Pollutants Released From Chemical
Accidents. Environmental Reviews 2: 121-132.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Melcher, R. G. and Morabito, P. L. (1990). Membrane/Gas Chromatographic System For Automated Extraction
And Determination Of Trace Organics In Aqueous Samples. Anal Chem 62: 2183-2188.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Melcher, R. G., Garner, W. L., Severs, L. W., and Vaccaro, J. R. (1978). Collection of Chlorpyrifos and Other
Pesticides in Air on Chemically Bonded Sorbents. Anal.Chem. 50: 251-255.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,HCCH,CBL,CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Melcher, R. G., Garner, W. L., Severs, L. W., and Vaccaro, J. R. (1978 ). Collection of Chlorpyrifos and Other
Pesticides in Air on Chemically Bonded Sorbents. Anal.Chem. 50: 251-255.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Melcher, R. G., Garner, W. L., Severs, L. W., and Vaccaro, J. R. ( Collection of Chlorpyrifos and Other
Pesticides in Air on Chemically Bonded Sorbents. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 50, No. 2, Pages 251-
255, 13 References, 19781978.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Meli, S. M, Capri, E., and Gennari, M. (2007). Exposure of Surface Water Bodies to Chlorpyrifos and
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in the Mediterranean Area. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin [Fresenius
Environ. Bull.]. Vol. 16, no. l,pp. 50-56. 2007.
Rejection Code : FATE.
Meli, S. M., Capri, E., and Gennari, M. (2007). Exposure of Surface Water Bodies to Chlorpyrifos and
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in the Mediterranean Area. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin [Fresenius
Environ. Bull.]. Vol. 16, no. l,pp. 50-56. 2007.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Melnikov, N. N. and Belan, S. R. (1997). Comparative Ecotoxicological Hazard of Some Insecticides Derivative
of Phosphoric Acids, Carbamic Acid and Synthetic Pyrethroids. Agrokhimiya 70-72 (RUS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PYT,CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Mendoza, C. E. (1974). Analysis of Pesticides by the Thin-Layer Chromatographic-Enzyme Inhibition Technique,
Part li. In: Gunther,F.A andGunther,J.D.(Eds), Residue Reviews, Springer Verlag,NY 50'. 43-72.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
BZO,TMP,DS,CMPH,CBL,ETN,FNT,MLN,MVP,PRN,PHSL,PPHD,SFT,Naled,MOM,DEM,CPY,
MLO,PRT,DMT,MPO,DDVP,PSM,MP,AZ,DZ,DEM,TCF,FNTH,PCP Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Menon, Pramila, Gopal, Madhuban, and Parsad, Rajender (2005). Effects of Chlorpyrifos and quinalphos on
dehydrogenase activities and reduction of Fe3+ in the soils of two semi-arid fields of tropical India.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 108: 73-83.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Menzie, C. M. (1969). Metabolism of Pesticides. Spec.Sci.Rep.No. 127, Bur.of Sport Fish.and Wildl, U.S.Dep.of
the Inter., Washington, DC 3929.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: METABOLISM/REVIEW.
Meredith, P. (1996). Effects of Picloram (Tordon [R]), Clopyralid Triclopyr & Chlorpyrifos on Growth Vigor,
Leaf Form, Pigmentation, Yield, Specific Gravity, Tuber Shape, & Light Sensitivity of Potatoes.
Am.PotatoJ. 73: 373 (ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY.TPR Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Metcalf, R. L. (1974). A Laboratory Model Ecosystem to Evaluate Compounds Producing Biological
Magnification. In: W.J.Hayes,Jr. (Ed), Essays in Toxicology, Vol.5, Chapter 2, Academic Press,
New York, NY 11-38.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: MODELING.
Metelev, V. V. (Method for detecting organophosphorus insecticides in water and aquatic organisms.
Gidrobiol. Zh. (1984) 20: 77-80 CODEN: GBZUAM; ISSN: 0375-8990.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Method for determining the toxicity of selected organic chemicals in an aqueous sample matrix using antibody-
mediated selective removal processes. U.S. 13 pp. CODEN: USXXAM.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Metzner, Margitta, Gade, Martin, Hennings, Ingo, and Rabinovich, Alexander B. (2000). The observation of
seiches in the Baltic Sea using a multi data set of water levels. Journal of Marine Systems 24: 67-
84.
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Meyer, F. P. (1981). Influences of Contaminants on Toxicity of Lampricides. In: Quarterly.Rep.oJ'Prog., Apr.-
Jun.1981, U.S.Fish and Wildl.Serv., Natl.Fish.Res.Lab., LaCrosse, WI, S.E.Fish Control Lab., Warm
Springs, GA 15-26.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Meylan, W. M. and Howard, P. H. (1991). Bond Contribution Method For Estimating Henry's Law Constants.
Environ Toxicol Chem 10: 1283-1294.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Mezcua, M., Repetti, M. R., Aga'^Era, A., Ferrer, C., Garca-a-Reyes, J. F., and FernajNdez-Alba, A. R. (
Determination of Pesticides in Milk-Based Infant Formulas by Pressurized Liquid Extraction
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389(6): 1833-40. [Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry]: Anal Bioanal Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Miliaresis, George Ch. and Paraschou, Charalampos V. E. (2005). Vertical accuracy of the SRTM DTED level
1 of Crete. InternationalJoumal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 7: 49-59.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Mill, T. (1999). Predicting Photoreaction Rates In Surface Waters. Chemosphere 38: 1379-1390.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Miller, G. C., Herbert, V. R., Hoonhout, C., and Geddes, J. (1999). Gas-Phase Photochemistry Of Pesticides.
218th National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Parts 1 And 2, New Orleans, Louisiana,
Lisa, August 22-26, 1999.y abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 218: Agro 47.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Miller, G. W. (Disruption of Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Function in Military Deployment Implications to
Parkinson's Disease. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 23, 2005.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Miller, K. D. and Milne, P. (Determination of Pesticide Residues (> 0.5 Microg/L) in Soft Drinks and Sports
Drinks by Gas Chromatography With Mass Spectrometry: Collaborative Study. Jaoac int. 2008
jan-feb; 91(l):202-36. [Journal ofaoac international]: JAOAC Int.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Miller, P. W. (1979). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in or on Peanuts Receiving One
or Two Applications of Lorsban Insecticides. Rep.No.GH-C 1173.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Miller, P. W. (1979). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Peanut Fractions. Dow
Chemical Co.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Miller, P. W. and Ervick, D. K. (1978). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in or on
Peanuts Receiving Multiple Applications of Lorsban Insecticides. Dow Chemical Co.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Mineau, P., Collins, B. T., and Baril, A. ( On the use of scaling factors to improve interspecies extrapolation of
acute toxicity in birds. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. (1996) 24: 24-29 CODEN: RTOPDW; ISSN:
0273-2300.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
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Mineau, P., Collins, B. T., and Baril, A. (1996). On the Use of Scaling Factors to Improve Interspecies
Extrapolation of Acute Toxicity in Birds. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 24: 24-29.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
STCH,4AP,STAR,DLD,MOM,ADC,CBF,MCB,PIM,PPX,CPY,CMPH,DEM,DZ,DCTP,FNT,MVP,
PRN,PPHD,PPX,TMP,TCF,BDF Rejection Code: MODELING.
Mingelgrin, U. and Gerstl, Z. (1983). Reevaluation Of Partitioning As A Mechanism Of Nonionic Chemicals
Adsorption In Soils. JEnviron Qual 12: 1-11.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Minnaard, W. A., Slobodnik, J., Vreuls, J. J., Hupe, K. P., and Brinkman, U. At (1995). Rapid Liquid
Chromatographic Screening Of Organic Micropollutants In Aqueous Samples Using A Single Short
Column For Trace Enrichment And Separation. Journal OfChromatographyA 696: 333-340.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Mix, J. (1987). Termiticide Market Stabilizes. Pest Control 55: 22-23.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Miyake, Y., Koji, K., Matsuki, H., Tajima, R., and Ono, M. (Fate of agrochemical residues, associated with
malt and hops, during brewing. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. (1999) 57: 46-54 CODEN: JSBCD3;
ISSN: 0361-0470.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Miyata, Yoshihiko and Ando, Hiroaki (Analysis of organophosphorus pesticides by using 31P-NMR. Jpn. J.
Toxicol. Environ. Health (1994) 40: 49-54 CODEN: JJTHEC; ISSN: 0013-273X.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Miyazaki, A. (1997). Progress and Prospects of Optically Active Pesticides. J.Pestic.Sci. 22: 136-155 (JPN).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CYF,CYH,CPY,CYP,FNPE,PPG,FRM,VCZ,MYC,HTX,ACP,MLN,Naled,PBZ Rejection Code:
NON-ENGLISH.
Miyazaki, A. (1997). Progress and Prospects of Optically Active Pesticides. J.Pestic.Sci. 22: 136-155 (JPN).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Moawad, G., Khidr, A. A., Zaki, M., Critchley, B. R., McVeigh, L. J., and Campion, D. G. (1991). Large-Scale
Use of Hollow Fibre and Microencapsulated Pink Bollworm Pheromone Formulations Integrated
With Conventional Insecticides for the Control of the Cotton Pest Complex in Egypt. Trop.Pest
Manag. 37: 10-16.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TDC,CPY,FNV,CYF Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Moeremans, B. and Dautrebande, S. (2000). Soil moisture evaluation by means of multi-temporal ERS SAR
PRI images and interferometric coherence. Journal of Hydrology 234: 162-169.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Mohamad, Islam Nazrul, Hayashi, Taiichi, Uyeda, Hiroshi, Terao, Toru, and Kikuchi, Katsuhiro ( 2004).
Diurnal variations of cloud activity in Bangladesh and north of the Bay of Bengal in 2000. Remote
Sensing of Environment 90: 378-388.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Mohammad, A. and Najar, M. (1997). Application Of Planar Layer Liquid Chromatography In The Analysis Of
Water Samples For Heavy Metals And Pesticide Residues. Indian Journal Of Environmental Health
39: 120-129.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
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Mohan, S. Venkata, Sirisha, K., Rao, N. Chandrasekhara, Sarma, P. N, and Reddy, S. Jayarama (2004).
Degradation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil by bioslurry reactor operated in sequencing batch
mode: bioprocess monitoring. Journal of Hazardous Materials 116: 39-48.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Molina, C., Honing, M., and Barcelo, D. (1994). Determination Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Water By
Solid-Phase Extraction Followed By Liquid Chromatography-High-Flow Pneumatically Assisted
Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 66: 4444-4449.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne, Zurich, Marie-Gabrielle, Schilter, Benoit, Costa, Lucio G., and Honegger, Paul
(2000). Maturation-Dependent Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Parathion and Their Oxygen Analogs on
Acetylcholinesterase and Neuronal and Glial Markers in Aggregating Brain Cell Cultures.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 165: 175-183.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Montanes, J. F. C., Van Hattum, B., and Deneer, J. (1995). Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos by the Freshwater
Isopod Asselus Aquaticus (L.) In Outdoor Experimental Ditches (Erratum). Environ.?ollut. 89: 340
(Erratum to document cited in Environ.Pollut.88(2): 137-146 (1995)).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: ADDENDUM.
Montesinos, Thierry, Perez-Munguia, Sandra, Valdez, F., and Marty, Jean-Louis (2001). Disposable
cholinesterase biosensor for the detection of pesticides in water-miscible organic solvents. Analytica
Chimica Acta 431:231-237.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Moore, D., Ridout, M. S., and Clements, R. 0. (1988). Mortality of Oscinella Spp. Due to Parasitism in
Insecticide Treated and Untreated Ryegrass Reseeds. J.Appl.Entomol. 105: 154-159.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: GYP,CPY,DMT Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Moore, D., Ridout, M. S., and Clements, R. 0. (1988). Mortality of Oscinella spp. due to Parasitism in
Insecticide Treated and Untreated Ryegrass Reseeds. J.Appl.Entomol. 105: 154-159.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Moore, James C., Hansen, David J., Garnas, Richard L., and Goodman, Larry R. (A sand/granular carbon
filtration treatment system for removing aqueous pesticide residues from a marine toxicology
laboratory effluent. Water Res. (1985) 19: 1601-4 CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN: 0043-1354.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Moore, M. T., Denton, D. L., Cooper, C. M., Wrysinski, J., Miller, J. L., Reece, K., Crane, D., and Robins, P. (
Mitigation Assessment of Vegetated Drainage Ditches for Collecting Irrigation Runoff in California.
J environ qual. 2008 mar-apr; 37(2):486-93. [Journal of environmental quality]: J Environ Qual.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Moore, M. T., Schulz, R., Cooper, C. M., Smith, S., and Rodgers, J. H. (2002). Mitigation of chlorpyrifos runoff
using constructed wetlands. Chemosphere 46: 827-835.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Moore, Matthew Truman (1999). Fate of chlorpyrifos, atrazine, and metolachlor from non-point sources in
wetland mesocosms. Avail: UMI. Order No. DA9942362 From: Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2000, 60. 8.
3827. 138pp.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Moore, Robert J., Bell, Victoria A., and Jones, David A. (2005). Forecasting for flood warning. Comptes
Rendus Geosciences 337: 203-217.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Moore, Timothy F. and Drury, Douglas D. (1998). Toxicity identification evaluation for common household
pesticides. Proc. - Water Environ. Fed. Annu. Conf. Expo. 71st Publisher: Water Environment
Federation, Alexandria, Va. CODEN: 67NFAZ 3: 407-428 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Morabito, P. L., Ormand, J. R., and Nestrick, T. J. (1990). Dynamic Vapor Generator For Moderate And Low
Volatility Compounds. Chemosphere 21: 991-998.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Moran, M. Susan, Hymer, Daniel C., Qi, Jiaguo, and Kerr, Yann (2002). Comparison of ERS-2 SAR and
Landsat TM imagery for monitoring agricultural crop and soil conditions. Remote Sensing of
Environment 19'. 243-252.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Moreau, Sophie and Le Toan, Thuy (2003). Biomass quantification of Andean wetland forages using ERS
satellite SAR data for optimizing livestock management. Remote Sensing of Environment 84: 477-
492.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Moretto, A. (1998). Experimental And Clinical Toxicology Of Anticholinesterase Agents. Toxicology Letters
(Shannon) 102-103: 509-513.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Morey, P. R. and Singh, J. (1991). Indoor Air Quality In Nonindustrial Occupational Environments. Clayton,
G. D. And F. E. Clayton (Ed.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene And Toxicology, Fourth Edition, Vol. 1.
Part A. General Principles. Xix+1079p. John Wiley And Sons, Inc.: New York, New York, Lisa
Chichester, England, Uk. Illus. Isbn 0-471-50197-2.; 0: 531-594.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Morin, Efrat, Enzel, Yehouda, Shamir, Uri, and Garti, Rami (2001). The characteristic time scale for basin
hydrological response using radar data. Journal of Hydrology 252: 85-99.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Morioka, T. (1993). Three Types Of Approaches To Controlling Non-Point Source Pollution Of Agrochemicals
From Golf Links In Water Resources Management. Water Science And Technology 28: 549-559.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Morioka, T. and Cho, H. S. (1992). Rainfall Runoff Characteristics And Risk Assessment Of Agro-Chemicals
Used In Golf Links. Meeting On Hazard Assessment And Control Of Environmental Contaminants
In Water Held At The Istlawprc (International Association On Water Pollution Research And
Control), Otsu City, Shiga, Japan, November 25-28, 1991. Water Sci Technol25\ 77-84.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Morita, Kazuo, Watanabe, Masako, and Wada, Terumi (Method of separation and concentration of chemicals
from water and sediments. Tokyo-to Kankyo Kagaku Kenkyusho Nenpo (1992) 186-91 CODEN:
TKKNEY.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Moriya, M., Ohta, T., Watanabe, K., Miyazawa, T., Kato, K., and Shirasu, Y. (Further mutagenicity studies on
pesticides in bacterial reversion assay systems. Mutat. Res. (1983) 116: 185-216 CODEN:
MUREAV; ISSN: 0027-5107.
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Morrison, J. E. Jr., Williams, D. F., Oi, D. H., and Potter, K. N. (1997). Damage to dry Crop Seed by Red
Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 90:218-222.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Captan,CPYM,THM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Morrison, J. E. Jr., Williams, D. F., Oi, D. H., and Potter, K. N. (1997). Damage to Dry Crop Seed by Red
Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 90:218-222.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Captan,CPYM,THM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Mortensen, S. R., Brimijoin, S., Hooper, M. J., and Padilla, S. (1998). Comparison of the In Vitro Sensitivity of
Rat Acetylcholinesterase to Chlorpyrifos-Oxon: What do Tissue IC50 Values Represent?
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 148: 46-49.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Mortensen, S. R., Brimijoin, S., Hooper, M. J., and Padilla, S. (1998). Comparison of the in Vitro Sensitivity of
Rat Acetylcholinesterase to Chlorpyrifos-Oxon: What Do Tissue Ic50 Values Represent?
Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 148: 46-49.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Mortensen, S. R., Chanda, S. M., Hooper, M. J., and Padilla, S. (1997). Maturational Differences in Chlorpyrifos-
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Mortensen, S. R., Chanda, S. M., Hooper, M. J., and Padilla, S. (1997). Maturational Differences in
Chlorpyrifos-Oxonase Activity may Contribute to Age-Related Sensitivity to Chlorpyrifos.
J.Biochem.Toxicol. 11: 279-287.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Mortensen, S. R., Fontaine, D. D., Gallagher, S. P., and Mayes, M. A. (1999). Assessing the Risk of Chlorpyrifos
to Wildlife Inhabiting Citrus Groves: a Field Investigation. Abstr.Pap.Am.Chem.Soc. 218: Agro
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Mortensen, S. R., Hooper, M. J., and Padilla, S. (1998). Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity: Developmental
Profile and Maturational Sensitivity to Carbamate and Organophosphorus Inhibitors. Toxicology
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Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: MLO,ADC,CPYO,CBL Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Mortimer, M. R. (2000). Pesticide and Trace Metal Concentrations in Queensland Estuarine Crabs: Sources,
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366.
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Moseley, Kurds R., Castleberry, Steven B., and Ford, W. Mark (2004). Coarse woody debris and pine litter
manipulation effects on movement and microhabitat use of Ambystoma talpoideum in a Pinus taeda
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Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. and Garbeil, Harold (2005). Quality of TOPSAR topographic data for volcanology
studies at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: An assessment using airborne lidar data. Remote Sensing of
Environment 96: 149-164.
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Mourer, C. R., Hall, G. L., Whitehead, W. E., and Shibamoto, T. (1990). Gas Chromatographic Method For
Determination Of Chlorpyrifos And Its Metabolite 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol (Tcp) In Dates. J
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Moye, H. A. and Malagodi, M. H. (1987). Levels Of Airborne Chlordane And Chlorpyrifos In Two Plenum
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Moye, H. A., Marshall, M. R., and Merlino, W. (1997). Extraction Of Moderately Water Soluble Pesticides
From Marine Waters Using Membrane And Bed Type Solid Phase Extraction Disks. 214th
American Chemical Society National Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, Usa, September 7-11, 1997.
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Moyer, L. and Cross, J. (Pesticide Monitoring: Illinois Epa's Summary Of Results, 1985-1989. Govt Reports
Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 19, 1991.
Rejection Code: SURVEY/NO SPECIES.
Mueller, P. (1989). Biomonitoring Of Chemicals On Tropical Ecosystems. Amazoniana 11: 71-90.
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Mukerjee, S., Ellenson, W. D., Lewis, R. G., Stevens, R. K., Somerville, M. C., Shadwick, D. S., and Willis, R.
D. (1997). An Environmental Scoping Study In The Lower Rio Grande Valley Of Texas: lii.
Residential Microenvironmental Monitoring For Air, House Dust, And Soil. Environment
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Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Mullins, D. E. R. (Physiological, Behavioral, Genetics And Insecticidal Bait Studies On The German
Cockroach. Fedrip Database, National Technical Information Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Mulrooney, J. E., Wagner, T. L., Shelton, T. G., Peterson, C. J., and Gerard, P. D. (Historical Review of Termite
Activity at Forest Service Termiticide Test Sites From 1971 to 2004. J econ entomol. 2007, apr;
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Mumtaz, M. M., Knauf, L. A., Reisman, D. J., Peirano, W. B., DeRosa, C. T., Gombar, V. K., Enslein, K.,
Carter, J. R., Blake, B. W., and et al. ( Assessment of effect levels of chemicals from quantitative
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Munn, M. D. and Gilliom, R. J. (2001). Pesticide Toxicity Index for Freshwater Aquatic Organisms. Water-
Resour.Investig.Rep.No.01-4077, U.S.Geol.Surv., Sacramento, CA 1-55.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
MCPB,CBL,CPY,DZ,MLN,ACR,ATZ,BFL,BTY,CZE,LNR,MTL,MBZ,PDM,PRO,SZ,TET,TFN
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Muralidharan, K. and Pasalu, I. C. (2006). Assessments of crop losses in rice ecosystems due to stem borer
damage (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Crop Protection 25: 409-417.
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Murata, T. and Takahashi, S. (1991). Identification Of Residual Pesticides In Water By Gc-Qpms. Fourth
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Murphy, Chris F., Jepson, Paul C., and Croft, Brian A. (Database analysis of the toxicity of antilocust
pesticides to nontarget, beneficial invertebrates. Crop Prot. (1994) 13: 413-20 CODEN: CRPTD6;
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Murugesan, K. and Dhingra, S. (1995). Variability in Resistance Pattern of Various Groups of Insecticides
Evaluated Against Spodoptera Litura (Fabricius) During a Period Spanning Over Three Decades.
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DM,LCYT,CYP,FNV,FPP,MP,CPY,PPHD,ES,MLN,FNT,HCCH,FNTH,DMT,CBL Rejection
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MusÍ, Lek, K., Kuca, K., and Jun, D. (2007). Evaluation of Potency of Known Oximes (Pralidoxime,
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Musilek, Kamil, Kuca, Kamil, Jun, Daniel, Dohnal, Vlastimil, and Dolezal, Martin (2006). Synthesis of the
novel series of bispyridinium compounds bearing (E)-but-2-ene linker and evaluation of their
reactivation activity against chlorpyrifos-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Bioorganic & Medicinal
Chemistry Letters 16: 622-627.
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Musshoff, Frank, Junker, Heike, and Madea, Burkhard (1999). Simple screening of organophosphates in
biological material with HS-SPME and GC/MS. GTFCh-Symp.: Nachweis Berauschender Mittel
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68NJAK2&1-294.
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Mutch, E., Daly, A. K., and Williams, F. M. ( The Relationship Between Ponl Phenotype and Ponl-192 Genotype
in Detoxification of Three Oxons by Human Liver. Drug metab dispos. 2007, feb; 35(2):315-20.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Nagami, H., Uno, M., Onji, Y., Itou, S., and Sasaki, M. (1991). Development Of Low Noise-Type Air Sampler
And Termiticide Concentration In Indoor Air. Eisei Kagaku 37 : 332-336.
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Nagayama, T., Kobayashi, M., Shioda, H., Ito, M., and Tamura, Y. (1995). Relationship Between Pesticide
Residues in Fruit Peel and Flesh. J.FoodHyg.Soc.Jpn. (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 36: 383-392
(JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Nair, A. S. and Pradeep, T. (Extraction of Chlorpyrifos and Malathion From Water by Metal Nanoparticles. J
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Nakagawa, R., Hirakawa, H., and Hori, T. (1995). Estimation Of 1992-1993 Dietary Intake Of Organochlorine
And Organophosphorus Pesticides In Fukuoka, Japan. Journal OfAoac International 78: 921-929.
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Nakanishi, Junko and Gamo, Masashi (1998). Integrated method for evaluating the cancer and noncancer risks
due to pesticides. Pestic. Future[Jt. U. S.-Jpn. Semin.] Meeting Date 1997, Editor(s): Kuhr, Ronald
J.; Motoyama, Naoki. Publisher: IOSPress, Amsterdam, Neth. CODEN: 67CTAM 11-16.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Nam, K. S., Kapila, S., Yanders, A. F., and Puri, R. K. ( Supercritical fluid extraction and cleanup procedures
for determination of xenobiotics in biological samples. Chemosphere (1990) 20: 873-80 CODEN:
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Nam, K. S., Kapila, S., Yanders, A. F., and Puri, R. K. (1991). A Multiple Sample Extraction And On-Line
System For The Analysis Of Chlorinated Compounds. Tenth International Symposium On
Chlorinated Dioxins And Related Compounds 1990, Part 1, Bayreuth, Germany, September 10-14,
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Nam, Ki-Souk and King, Jerry W. ( Coupled SFE/SFC/GC for the trace analysis of pesticide residues in fatty
food samples. J. HighResolut. Chromatogr. (1994) 17: 577-82 CODEN: JHRCE7; ISSN: 0935-
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Narayanan, Ram M. and Hirsave, Praveen P. (2001). Soil moisture estimation models using SIR-C SAR data: a
case study in New Hampshire, USA. Remote Sensing of Environment 75: 385-396.
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Naton, V. E. (1989). Testing of Side Effects of Pesticides on Aleochara Bilineata Gyll. (Col, Staphylinidae).
Anz.SchaedlingskdPflanzemchutz Umweltschutz 62: 1-6 (GER) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
GYP,FRM,Folpet,Maneb,MEM,OML,PMR,CYP,DZ,HTX,CBF,CPY,PRN,DMT,HCCH,FNV,ADC
,DU Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
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Anz.Schaedlingskd Pflanzemchutz Umweltschutz 62: 1-6 (GER) (ENG ABS).
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Naud, C. M., Baum, B. A., Pavolonis, M., Heidinger, A., Frey, R., and Zhang, H. (2007). Comparison of MISR
and MODIS cloud-top heights in the presence of cloud overlap: Multi-angle Imaging
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Naud, Catherine, Muller, Jan-Peter, and Clothiaux, Eugene E. (2006). Assessment of multispectral ATSR2
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Naumann, K. (1990). Action of Pyrethroids Against Arthropod Pests. In: W.S.Bowers, W.Ebing, D.Martin, and
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Navarro, H. A. and Risher, J. F. ( Toxicological Profile For Chlorpyrifos. Govt Reports Announcements &
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Neeff, Till, Biging, Gregory S., Dutra, Luciano V., Freitas, Corina C., and dos Santos, Joao R. (2005). Markov
point processes for modeling of spatial forest patterns in Amazonia derived from interferometric
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Neeff, Till, Vieira Dutra, Luciano, dos Santos, Joao Roberto, Freitas, Corina da Costa, and Araujo, Luciana
Spinelli (2003). Tropical forest stand table modelling from SAR data. Forest Ecology and
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Neely, W. Brock ( An analysis of aquatic toxicity data: water solubility and acute LC50 fish data.
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Neicheva, A., Karageorgiev, D., and Konstantinova, T. (1992). Gas Chromatographic Determination of Some
Modern Pesticides in Fruits. In: 4th Int. Workshop on Chemical, Biological and Ecotoxicological
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DM,IPD,PIRM,VCZ,DMT,DZ,PHSL,FNT,CPY,CYH,TFZ,FRM Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Neicheva, A., Karageorgiev, D., and Konstantinova, T. (1992). Gas Chromatographic Determination of Some
Modern Pesticides in Fruits. In: 4th Int. Workshop on Chemical, Biological and Ecotoxicological
Behaviour of Pesticides in the Soil Environment, May 29-31, 1991, Rome, Italy, Sci.Total Environ.
123/124: 29-37.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Neicheva, A., Karageorgiev, D., and Konstantinova, T. (1992). Gas Chromatographic Determination Of Some
Modern Pesticides In Fruits. Fourth International Workshop On Chemical, Biological And
Ecotoxicological Behaviour Of Pesticides In The Soil Environment, Rome, Italy, May 29-31, 1991.
Sci Total Environ 123-124: 29-37.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Neicheva, A., Kovacheva, E., and Marudov, G. (Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in apples and
water by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. J. Chromatogr. (1988) 437:
249-53 CODEN: JOCRAM; ISSN: 0021-9673.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Nelken, L. H., Broome, M. G., Lyman, W. J., Scow, K. M., and Steber, W. D. (Research and Development for
Health and Environmental Hazard Problem Definition Study: Fate and Effects of Five Pesticides of
Military Importance on Secondary Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants. Govt Reports
Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 18, 1988.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA, REVIEW.
Nelson, J. H., Evans, E. S. Jr., Pennington, N. E., and Meisch, M. V. (1976). Larval Control of Psorophora
Confinnis (Lynch-Arribalzaga) With a Controlled-Release Formulation of Chlorpyrifos. Mosq.News
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Nelson, J. H., Stoneburner, D. L., Evans, E. S. Jr., Pennington, N. E., and Meisch, M. V. (1976). Diatom Diversity
as a Function of Insecticidal Treatment With a Controlled-Release Formulation of Chlorpyrifos.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 15: 630-634 (Publ As 6035).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Nelson, Ross F., Hyde, Peter, Johnson, Patrick, Emessiene, Bomono, Imhoff, Marc L., Campbell, Robert, and
Edwards, Wilson (Investigating RaDAR-LiDAR synergy in a North Carolina pine forest. Remote
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Nerin, C., Batlle, R., and Cacho, J. (1998). Determination of Pesticides in High-Water-Content Samples by Off-
Line Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Gas Chromatography- Electron-Capture Detection.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY.MLN.VCZ.TCM Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Nerin, C., Batlle, R., and Cacho, J. (1998). Determination Of Pesticides In High-Water-Content Samples By
Off-Line Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Gas Chromatography- Electron-Capture Detection. Journal
Of Chromatography A 195: 117-124.
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Nerin, C., Tornes, A. R., Domeno, C., and Cacho, J. (1996). Absorption of Pesticides on Plastic Films Used as
Agricultural Soil Covers. J.Agric.Food Chem. 44: 4009-4014.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: HCCH,DLN,MLN,Folpet,ES,CTN,CPY,CP YM Rejection
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New, A. L. and Da Silva, J. C. B. (2002). Remote-sensing evidence for the local generation of internal soliton
packets in the central Bay of Biscay. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
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Newman, Michael C., Ownby, David R., Mezin, Laurent C. A., Powell, David C., Christensen, Tyler R. L.,
Lerberg, Scott B., and Anderson, Britt-Anne ( Applying species-sensitivity distributions in
ecological risk assessment: assumptions of distribution type and sufficient numbers of species.
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Rejection Code: METHOD.
Nezlin, Nikolay P. and Me Williams, James C. (2003). Satellite data, Empirical Orthogonal Functions, and the
1997-1998 El Nino off California. Remote Sensing of Environment 84: 234-254.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Ni, Zuyao, Liu, Yuqing, Li, Shouqi, and Lin, Zhi ( Computer assisted studies on the structural requirements for
the mutagenicity in ***Salmonella*** reversion assay for organophosphorus pesticides. Huaxi
Yike DaxueXuebao (1994) 25: 78-82 CODEN: HYDXET; ISSN: 0257-7712.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Nichol, Alan W. and Angel, Lyndall A. ( A comparative study of porphyrin accumulation in tissue cultures of
chicken embryo hepatocytes treated with organophosphorous pesticides. Biochem. Pharmacol.
(1984) 33: 2511-15 CODEN: BCPCA6; ISSN: 0006-2952.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Nieto Borge, J. C. and Guedes Scares, C. (2000). Analysis of directional wave fields using X-band navigation
radar. Coastal Engineering 40: 375-391.
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Nigg, H. N., Stamper, J. H., Easter, E., and Dejonge, J. 0. (1993). Protection Afforded Greenhouse Pesticide
Applicators By Coveralls: A Field Test. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 25: 529-533.
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Nishimura, M. (1999). Repellents and Use of Prey Items for Delivering Toxicants for Control of Habu
(Trimeresurus Flavoviridis). In: G.H.Rodda, Y.Sawai, D.Chiszar, andH.Tanaka (Eds.), Problem
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Nishiuchi, Y. (1985). Toxicity of Pesticides to Some Aquatic Animals. Vii. Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Magna.
Aquat.Ecol.Chem.(SeitaiKagaku)/C.A.Sel.-Environ.Pollut.lO:104-163325Q (1986) 8: 15-20 (JPN)
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CPY,SPS,DZ,PYN,FNV,PMR,DPDP,OTQ,Captan,THM,TPM,FTL,Maneb,CuOX,AMTR,SXD,PM
T,PDM,SZ,WFN,NaFA,ZnP,ACM,EPH,DKGNa,NAD,PPB,CTK,MH,MFD,CPA,24DXY,BNOA,A
PB,MCRE,MAL,MEG,TTDA Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Noblet, J. A., Smith, L. A., and Suffet, I. H. (1994). Site-Specific Abiotic Hydrolysis And Sediment-Water
Partitioning Of Pesticides In Agricultural Drainage Water Vs. Laboratory Water. 207th National
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Nolan, R. J., Rick, D. L., Freshour, N. L., and Saunders, J. H. ( Chlorpyrifos: pharmacokinetics in human
volunteers. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1984) 73: 8-15 CODEN: TXAPA9; ISSN: 0041-008X.
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Nor Wati, A., Ton, S. H., Lim, F. S. K., Noriah, R., and Noor Hassim, I. (Plasma pseudocholinesterase and
erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in paddy farmers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. Malays.
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Nowicki, T. W. (1980). Cleanup Procedure for Determination of Five Organophosphates in Rapeseed Extract.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DS,CPY,MLN,DMT Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Nowicki, T. W. (1980). Cleanup Procedure for Determination of Five Organophosphates in Rapeseed Extract.
Can.Plains Proc. 9:65-75.
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Nubbe, M. E., Adams, V. D., Watts, R. J., and Clark, Y. R. (1990). Organics. Res J Water Pollut Control Fed
62: 359-383.
Rejection Code: REVIEW/EFFLUENT.
Nubbe, M. E., Adams, V. D., Watts, R. J., and Clark, Y. R. (1992). Chemical Analysis. Water Environ Res 64:
303-333.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Nunes, M. J., Camoes, M. F., and Fournier, J. ( Analysis of organophosphorus, organochlorine, and pyrethroid
insecticides in medicinal plants. Chromatographia (1997) 44: 505-513 CODEN: CHRGB7; ISSN:
0009-5893.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Obersteiner, E. J. and Sharma, R. P. ( Cytotoxicity of selected Organophosphates in chick ganglia cell cultures.
Fed. Proc. (Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol.) 35(3): 504; 1976.
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Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Obersteiner, E. J. and Sherma, R. P. (Evaluation of cytotoxic responses caused by selected organophosphorus
esters in chick sympathetic ganglia cultures. Can. J. Comp. Med. 42: 80-88 1978 (22 References).
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ocker, H. D. (Pesticide residues and heavy metals in cereals. Getreide Mehl Brot: 40(3), 67-71 CODEN:
GEMBAN; ISSN: 0367-4177.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Odabasi, M, Cetin, B., Demircioglu, E., and Sofuoglu, A. (2008). Air-Water Exchange of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (Pcbs) and Organochlorine Pesticides (Ocps) at a Coastal Site in Izmir Bay, Turkey.
Marine Chemistry [Mar. Chem.J. Vol. 109, no. 1-2, pp. 115-129. 16 Feb 2008.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Odenkirchen, E. W. and Eisler, R. (1988). Chlorpyrifos Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: a Synoptic
Review. Biol.Rep.No.85(1.13), U.S.Fish and Wildl.Serv., Patuxent Wildl.Res.Center, Laurel, MD 34
P-
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Ogawa, Y., Suzuki, S., Uchida, 0., Kamata, E., Saito, M., Umemura, T., Wakana, M., Kaneko, T., Kurokawa, Y.,
and Tobe, M. (1988). 28-Day Repeated Dose Toxicity Test for Chlorpyrifos in Wistar Rat. Eisei
Shikensho Hokoku 106: 48-54 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Ogawa, Y., Suzuki, S., Uchida, 0., Kamata, E., Saito, M., Umemura, T., Wakana, M., Kaneko, T., Kurokawa,
Y., and Tobe, M. (1988). 28-Day Repeated Dose Toxicity Test for Chlorpyrifos in Wistar Rat. Eisei
Shikensho Hokoku 106: 48-54 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Ogden, F. L., Sharif, H. 0., Senarath, S. U. S., Smith, J. A., Baeck, M. L., and Richardson, J. R. (2000).
Hydrologic analysis of the Fort Collins, Colorado, flash flood of 1997. Journal of Hydrology 228:
82-100.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Ohashi, N, Tsuchiya, Y., Sasano, H., and Hamada, A. (1994). The Use Of Ethyl Acetate For Simultaneous
Determination Of Organic Pesticides In Water By Solid-Phase Extraction. Japanese Journal Of
Toxicology And Environmental Health 40: 292-297'.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ohshiro, K., Kakuta, T., Sakai, T., Hirota, H., Hoshino, T., and Uchiyama, T. (1996). Biodegradation Of
Organophosphorus Insecticides By Bacteria Isolated From Turf Green Soil. Journal Of
Fermentation And Bioengineering 82: 299-305.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Ohto, Mikiya, Yamamoto, Atsushi, Matsunaga, Akinobu, Takayanagi, Nobutaka, Kemmei, Tomoko, Saito,
Yukio, and Mizukami, Eiichi ( Chemical change of pesticides used for golf links in chlorinated
water. Kankyo Kagaku (1993) 3: 59-64 CODEN: KKAGEY.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Ojo, Temitope 0., Bonner, James S., and Page, Cheryl (2006). Studies on turbulent diffusion processes and
evaluation of diffusivity values from hydrodynamic observations in Corpus Christi Bay. Continental
Shelf Research 26: 2629-2644.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
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Ojo, Temitope 0., Bonner, James S., and Page, Cheryl A. (2007). Simulation of constituent transport using a
reduced 3D constituent transport model (CTM) driven by HF Radar: Model application and error
analysis: Special section: Environmental Risk and Emergency Management. Environmental
Modelling & Software 22: 488-501.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Okamoto, Naoko, Tsutsui, Tsuyoshi, and Nakamuro, Katsuhiko (Mutagenicity of waste water from golf links.
J. Health Sci. (1999) 45: 232-236 CODEN: JHSCFD; ISSN: 1344-9702.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Okamoto, Naoko, Tsutsui, Tsuyoshi, and Nakamuro, Katsuhiko (Mutagenicity of wastewater from golf links
(II). Kyoto-fu Hoken Kankyo Kenkyusho Nenpo (1997) 42: 44-48 CODEN: KHKNFH; ISSN: 1341-
4232.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Okkonen, Stephen R., Jacobs, Gregg A., Joseph Metzger, E., Hurlburt, Harley E., and Shriver, Jay F. (2001).
Mesoscale variability in the boundary currents of the Alaska Gyre. Continental Shelf Research 21:
1219-1236.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Okumura, D., Melnicoe, R., Jackson, T., Drefs, C., Maddy, K., and Wells, J. (1991). Pesticide Residues In Food
Crops Analyzed By The California Usa Department Of Food And Agriculture In 1989 . Ware, G.
W. (Ed.). Reviews Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, Vol. 118. Ix+158p. Springer-
VerlagNew York Inc.: New York, New York, Usa Berlin, Germany. Illus. Isbn 0-387-97447-4; Isbn
3-540-97447-4.; 0: 87-152.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Okumura, Tameo (Levels of pesticides and chemicals in fish from the river in Osaka Prefecture. Kankyo
Kagaku (1994) 4: 490-1 CODEN: KKAGEY; ISSN: 0917-2408.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Oliver, G. R. and Eger, J. E. (1987). Modeling The Runoff Potential Of Chlorpyrifos In A Citrus Grove
Environment. 193rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Denver, Colorado, Usa, April
5-10, 1987. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 193: No Pagination.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Oliver, G. R., Bolles, H. G., and Shurdut, B. A. ( Chlorpyrifos: probabilistic assessment of exposure and risk.
Neurotoxicology (2000) 21: 203-208 CODEN: NRTXDN; ISSN: 0161-813X.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Olson, C. T., Podell, M., Sahenk, Z., Lordo, R., and Kinney, P. (Neurophysiologic and Neuropathologic Effects
in Monkeys of Low Level Exposures to Sarin, Pryidostigmine, Pesticides, and Botulinum Toxoid.
Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 02, 2001.
Rejection Code: MONKEY.
Olson, N. L., Carrell, R., Cumming, R., Rieck, R., and Reimer, S. (1995). Atomic Emission Detection For Gas
Chromatographic Analysis Of Nitrogen-Containing Herbicides In Water. Journal OfAoac
Internationally. 1464-1473.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
O'malley, M. A. (1997). Skin Reactions To Pesticides. Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia) 12: 327-345 .
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Omura, M., Hashimoto, K., Ohta, K., lio, T., Ueda, S., Ando, K., Hiraide, H., and Kinae, N. (1990). Relative
Retention Time Diagram As A Useful Tool For Gas Chromatographic Analysis And Electron-
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Capture Detection Of Pesticides. JAssoc Off Anal Chem 73: 300-306.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ooms, D., Lebeau, F., Ruter, R., and Destain, M. F. (2002). Measurements of the horizontal sprayer boom
movements by sensor data fusion. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 33: 139-162.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Ormsbee, L., Herman, J., Scott, B., Sietz, C., and Gruzesky, S. (1998). Development of an integrated toxic
loading permit model for both municipal and industrial applications. Water Resour. Urban
Environ.—98 Proc. Natl. Conf. Environ. Eng. Editor (s): Wilson, Thomas E. Publisher: American
Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Va. CODEN: 67MJA8 80-85.
Rejection Code: MODEL, EFFLUENT.
Osterreicher-Cunha, Patricia, Vargas, Euripedes do Amaral, Guimaraes, Jean Remy Davee, de Campos, Tacio
Mauro Pereira, Nunes, Cassiane Maria Ferreira, Costa, Ariovaldo, Antunes, Franklin dos Santos, da
Silva, Maria Isabel Pais, and Mano, Denise Maria (2004). Evaluation of bioventing on a gasoline-
ethanol contaminated undisturbed residual soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 110: 63-76.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Ostrea, E. M. Jr, Bielawski, D. M., Posecion, N. C. Jr, Corrion, M., Villanueva-Uy, E., Jin, Y., Janisse, J. J., and
Ager, J. W. ( A Comparison of Infant Hair, Cord Blood and Meconium Analysis to Detect Fetal
Exposure to Environmental Pesticides . Environ res. 2008, feb; 106(2):277-83. [Environmental
research]: Environ Res.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ostrea, E. M., Villanueva-Uy, E., Bielawski, D. M., Posecion, N. C., Corrion, M. L., Jin, Y., Janisse, J. J., and
Ager, J. W. (2006). Maternal Hair-an Appropriate Matrix for Detecting Maternal Exposure to
Pesticides During Pregnancy. Environmental Research [Environ. Res.]'. Vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 312-
322. Jul 2006.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Osuna, I., Lopez, D., Galindo, J. G., and Riva, M. C. (1997). Toxicological Evaluation of Methyl Parathion,
Methyl Azinfos, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and Methamidophos to the Shrimps From Genus Penaeus
Sp (Evaluacion Toxicologica De Metil Paration, Metil Azinfos, Clorpirifos, Diazinon, Y
Metamidofos, En Camarones Del Genero Penaeus Sp). Bol.INTEXTER Inst.Invest.Text.Coop.Ind.
111:65-71.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ.CPY.AZ.MP.MTM Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Ott, Wayne R. and Roberts, John W. (Everyday exposure to toxic pollutants. Sci. Am. (1998) 278: 86-91
CODEN: SCAMAC; ISSN: 0036-8733.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Oulette, J. H., Dittenber, D. A., Kloes, P. M., and John, J. A. (1983). Chlorpyrifos: Two-Generation
Reproduction Study in Fischer Rats. UnpublishedReport#HET-44793-(47), Dow Chemical
Co.,Midland MI.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Oyama, Nobuyuki, Sano, Toshiyuki, Syoyama, Masatoshi, and Maeda, Kenji ( Studies on systematic analysis of
poisonous compounds in forensic chemistry. II. Application of capillary column gas
chromatography to substance identification by using retention indexes. Eisei Kagaku (1987) 33:
342-8 CODEN: ESKGA2; ISSN: 0013-273X.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Padilla, S. (Re: Age-Related Brain Cholinesterase Inhibition Kinetics Following in Vitro Incubation With
Chlorpyrifos-Oxon and Diazinon-Oxon. Toxicol sci. 2007, aug; 98(2):604; author reply 605-6.
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[Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the society of toxicology]: Toxicol Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Padma Kumari, B., Londhe, A. L., Trimbake, H. K., and Jadhav, D. B. (2004). Comparison of aerosol vertical
profiles derived by passive and active remote sensing techniques-a case study. Atmospheric
Environment 38: 6679-6685.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Padovani, Laura and Capri, Ettore (2005). Chlorpyrifos-methyl dissipation in a small adjacent water body
following application to citrus. Chemosphere 58: 1219-1229.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Paiba, G. A., Roberts, S. R., Houston, C. W., Williams, E. C., Smith, L. H., Gibbens, J. C., Holdship, S., and
Lysons, R. (UK surveillance: Provision of quality assured information from combined datasets.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine In Press, Corrected Proof: 58.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Paillou, Philippe, El Barkooky, Ahmed, Barakat, Aly, Malezieux, Jean-Marie, Reynard, Bruno, Dejax, Jean,
and Heggy, Essam (2004). Discovery of the largest impact crater field on Earth in the Gilf Kebir
region, Egypt. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 336: 1491-1500.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Paillou, Philippe, Rosenqvist, Ake, Malezieux, Jean-Marie, Reynard, Bruno, Farr, Tom, and Heggy, Essam
(2003). Discovery of a double impact crater in Libya: the astrobleme of Arkenu. Comptes Rendus
Geosciences 335: 1059-1069.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Palchetti, Ilaria, Cagnini, Andrea, Del Carlo, Michele, Coppi, Claudio, Mascini, Marco, and P.P. Turner,
Anthony (Determination of anticholinesterase pesticides in real samples using a disposable
biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta (1997) 337: 315-321 CODEN: ACACAM; ISSN: 0003-2670.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Pandey, S. and Singh, D. K. (2006). Soil Dehydrogenase, Phosphomonoesterase and Arginine Deaminase
Activities in an Insecticide Treated Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Field. Chemosphere 63: 869-
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA/FATE.
Pandey, S. and Singh, D. K. (2006). Soil Dehydrogenase, Phosphomonoesterase and Arginine Deaminase
Activities in an Insecticide Treated Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Field. Chemosphere 63: 869-
880.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA/FATE.
Pandey, Sushma and Singh, Dileep K. (2006). Soil dehydrogenase, phosphomonoesterase and arginine
deaminase activities in an insecticide treated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field. Chemosphere
63: 869-880.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Pang, G. F., Liu, Y. M., Fan, C. L., Zhang, J. J., Cao, Y. Z., Li, X M., Li, Z. Y., Wu, Y. P., and Guo, T. T. (2006).
Simultaneous Determination of 405 Pesticide Residues in Grain by Accelerated Solvent Extraction
Then Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry or Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass
Spectrometry. Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 384: 1366-1408.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Pang, G. F., Liu, Y. M., Fan, C. L., Zhang, J. J., Cao, Y. Z., Li, X. M., Li, Z. Y., Wu, Y. P., and Guo, T. T.
(2006). Simultaneous Determination of 405 Pesticide Residues in Grain by Accelerated Solvent
-------
Extraction then Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry or Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass
Spectrometry. Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 384: 1366-1408.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Panuwet, Parinya, Prapamontol, Tippawan, Chantara, Somporn, Thavornyuthikarn, Prasak, Montesano, M.
Angela, Whitehead, Jr, and Barr, Dana B. (2008-). Concentrations of urinary pesticide metabolites in
small-scale farmers in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. 407: 655-668.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Papa, Fabrice, Legresy, Benoit, and Remy, Frederique (2003). Use of the Topex-Poseidon dual-frequency radar
altimeter over land surfaces. Remote Sensing of Environment 87: 136-147.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Parafati, M. A., Giovinazzo, R., Leoni, V., and Ghirelli, D. (1999). Pest Control In Hospitals: Organization And
Analytical Controls. Igiene Moderna 111: 271 -284.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Paraiba, L. C., Carrasco, J. M., and Bru, R. (1999). Level Iv Fugacity Model By A Continuous Time Control
System. Chemosphere 38: 1763-1775.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Parran, Damani K., Magnin, Geraldine, Li, Wen, Jortner, Bernard S., and Ehrich, Marion (2005). Chlorpyrifos
Alters Functional Integrity and Structure of an In Vitro BBB Model: Co-cultures of Bovine
Endothelial Cells and Neonatal Rat Astrocytes. NeuroToxicology 26: 77-88.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Parran, Damani K., Magnin, Geraldine, Li, Wen, Jortner, Bernard S., and Ehrich, Marion (2005). Corrigendum
to "Chlorpyrifos Alters Functional Integrity and Structure of an In Vitro BBB Model: Co-Cultures of
Bovine Endothelial Cells and Neonatal Rat Astrocytes" [NeuroToxicology 26 (2005) 77-88].
NeuroToxicology 26: 291-260.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Parrilla, P. and Martinez Vidal Jl (1997). Determination Of Pesticide Residues In Water Using Lie Or Spe And
Hplc/Dad Detection. Analytical Letters 30: 1719-1738.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Parron, T., Hernandez, A. F., Pla, A., and Villanueva, E. (1996). Clinical And Biochemical Changes In
Greenhouse Sprayers Chronically Exposed To Pesticides. Human & Experimental Toxicology 15:
957-963.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Parveen, Z., Afridi, I. A. K., Masud, S. Z., and Baig, M. M. H. (1996). Monitoring of Multiple Pesticide Residues
in Cotton Seeds During Three Crop Seasons. Pak.J.Sci.Ind.Res. 39: 146-149.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CYP,AND,HCCH,CPY,CYF,DCF,DLD,DMT,DDT,ES,FYT,MP,PIRM,PFF,EFV Rejection Code:
NO CONC/NO DURATION/SURVEY.
Parveen, Z., Afridi, I. Ak, and Masud, S. Z. (1994). A Multi-Residue Method For Quantitation Of
Organochlorine Organophosphorus And Synthetic Pyrethroid Pesticides In Cotton Seeds. Pakistan
Journal Oj'Scientific And Industrial Research 37: 536-540.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Parveen, Zahida, Afridi, Irshad A. K., Masud, S. Z., and Baig, M. M. H. (Monitoring of multiple pesticide
residues in cotton seeds during three crop seasons. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. (1996) 39: 146-149
CODEN: PSIRAA; ISSN: 0030-9885.
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Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Pasha, A., Vijayashankar, Y. N., and Karanth, N. Gk (1996). Thin-Layer Chromatographic Detection Of
Phosphorothionate And Phosphorothiolothionate Pesticides Using 4-Amino-N,N-Diethylaniline.
Journal OfAoac International 79: 1009-1011.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Pasini, A. and Foerster, L. A. (1994). Effect of Insecticides on Calosoma granulatum P. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
(Efeito de Inseticidas Sobre Calosoma granulatum P. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)).
An.Soc.Entomol.Bras. 23: 455-460.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Paske, N, Berry, B., Schmitz, J., and Sullivan, D. (Determination of Low-Level Agricultural Residues in Soft
Drinks and Sports Drinks by Gas Chromatography With Mass-Selective Detection: Single-
Laboratory Validation. J aoac int. 2007 mar-apr; 90(2):534-43. [Journal ofaoac international]: J
AOAClnt.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Pasquini, Rossana, Scassellati-Sforzolini, Giuseppina, Dolara, Piero, Pampanella, Lucia, Villarini, Milena,
Caderni, Giovanna, Fazi, Marilena, and Fatigoni, Cristina ( Assay of linuron and a pesticide mixture
commonly found in the Italian diet, for promoting activity in rat liver carcinogenesis. Pharmacol.
Toxicol. (Copenhagen) (1994) 75: 170-6 CODEN: PHTOEH; ISSN: 0901-9928.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Patel, B. V. and Desai, S. G. (Influence of insecticides on microbial oxidation of elemental sulfur. Comp.
Physiol. Ecol. (1987) 12: 32-6 CODEN: CPECDM; ISSN: 0379-0436.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Patgiri, Indrani and Bezbaruah, Balamani ( Strains contributing to phosphorus mobilization in acid soils. Indian
J. Agric. Sci. (1990) 60: 197-200 CODEN: IJASA3; ISSN: 0019-5022.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Patnaik, K. K. and Tripathy, N. K. (1992). Farm-Grade Chlorpyrifos (Durmet) Is Genotoxic in Somatic and
Germ-Line Cells of Drosophila. Mutat.Res. 279: 15-20.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Patnode, K. A. and White, D. H. (1991). Effects of Pesticides on Songbird Productivity in Conjunction With
Pecan Cultivation in Southern Georgia: a Multiple-Exposure Experimental Design.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 10: 1479-1486.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MOM,DMT,ES,CP Y,DS Rejection Code: NO
DURATION/SURVEY.
Patsias, J. and Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, E. (1996). Rapid Method For The Analysis Of A Variety Of
Chemical Classes Of Pesticides In Surface And Ground Waters By Off-Line Solid-Phase Extraction
And Gas Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Journal Of Chromatography A 740: 83-98.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Pauli, B. D., Perrault, J. A., and Money, S. L. (2000). Ratl: a Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology
Literature. Tech.Rep.Ser.No.357, Natl.Wildl.Res.Ctr. 494 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
FMP,FNT,FTH,FNV,FRN,HPT,Hg,IFP,MLN,MDT,MCB,ACP,Ag,Al,ADC,AND,PCB,As,ATZ,AZ
,Ba,Bc,BDC,HCCH,CBL,CBF,Cd,CHD,CPH,Co,CMPH,Cr,Cu,DDT,DEM,DZ,DDVP,DLF,DCTP,
DLD,DMT,DXN,DS,ES,EN,ETN,EP,Fe,MOM,MXC,MTL,MW,Mg,MRX,Mn,Mo,MYC,Nalcd,Ni
,PHTH,OML,PAH,PRN,MP,Pb,PCP,PRT,PHSL,PSM,PPHD,PTP,PPX,Se,TCDD,TBO,TXP,V,An,
ATN,NHN,BDF,BTY,CPY,CTN,Cl,CuS,CYP,DM,DBN,DFZ,Nabam,PA,PAH,GYP,LNR,MLN,M
-------
ZB,MLX,MBZ,NH,NRM,RTN,Zns,ANT,PAH,TBC,BNZ,CdN,CTC,CBZ,CF,CZE,CYH,DU,EDT,
EFV,EGY,Maneb,MCPA,HgC12,MLT,NAPH,PAH,NBZ,PAQT,PPB,PCL,PCH,PPN,CET,REM,24
DXY,ATP,ACL,ACY,AMTL,ANZ,AN,BRA,BPZ,TC,CdS,CaC12,CBD,CdCl,CoCl,CN,CYF,DMB,
DINO,NP,ETHN,EDB,FPP,FBM,GIB,FAME,IoDN,IMC,MLO,MTB,NCTN,NHP,SRT,OMT,PQT,
PbAC,PbN,PHE,PAH,PL,PTR,PND,K2Cr04,K2Cr207,PYPG,PYR,PAH,PYN,SBA,SAC,SCA,Sb,
AgN,nABr,SFL,NaN03,STCH,SFT,SA,TBT,TMP,TMT,TI,TBA,TPM,THM,TOL,3CE,TEG,FRN,
TPR,UREA,MTPN,VCZ,WFN,Zineb Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Pavez, A., Remy, D., Bonvalot, S., Diament, M., Gabalda, G., Froger, J-L., Julien, P., Legrand, D., and Moisset,
D. (2006). Insight into ground deformations at Lascar volcano (Chile) from SAR interferometry,
photogrammetry and GPS data: Implications on volcano dynamics and future space monitoring.
Remote Sensing of Environment 100: 307-320.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Pazou, Elisabeth Yehouenou A., Boko, Michel, van Gestel, Cornells A. M., Ahissou, Hyacinthe, Laleye,
Philippe, Akpona, Simon, van Hattum, Bert, Swart, Kees, and van Straalen, Nico M. (2006).
Organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticide residues in the Oueme River catchment in the
Republic of Benin. Environment International 32: 616-623.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Pedersen, Joel A., Yeager, Matt A., Ouyang, Xinling, and Suffet, I. H. (2000). Characterization of
organophosphorus insecticides in agricultural runoff: dissolved and suspended solids phases. Prepr.
Ext. Abstr. ACSNatl. Meet. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Environ. Chem. 40: 775-777 .
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT/NO TOX DATA.
Pedersen-Bjergaard, S. and Greibrokk, T. (1996). Environmental Applications Of Capillary Gas
Chromatography Coupled With Atomic Emission Detection: A Review. Hrc Journal Of High
Resolution Chromatography 19: 597-607.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Pegram, G. G. S. and Clothier, A. N. (2001). High resolution space-time modelling of rainfall: the "String of
Beads" model. Journal of 'Hydrology 241: 26-41.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Penuela, G. A. and Barcelo, D. (1998). Photosensitized Degradation Of Organic Pollutants In Water: Processes
And Analytical Applications. Trends In Analytical Chemistry 17: 605-612.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Pereira Filho, Augusto Jose and dos Santos, Claudia Cristina (2006). Modeling a densely urbanized watershed
with an artificial neural network, weather radar and telemetric data. Journal of Hydrology 317: 31-
48.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Pereira, C. J., Pereira, E. J. G., Cordeiro, E. M. G., la Lucia, T. M. C., T
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whether to sample the particle, vapor, or both phases of an atmosphere. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg.
(1991) 6: 859-64 CODEN: AOEHE9; ISSN: 1047-322X.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Perez-Carreon, Julio Isael, Dargent, Celine, Merhi, Maysaloun, Fattel-Fazenda, Samia, rce-Popoca, Evelia, Villa-
Trevi±o, Saul, and Rouimi, Patrick ( Tumor promoting and co-carcinogenic effects in medium term
rat hepatocarcinogenesis are not modified by co-administration of 12 pesticides in mixture at
Acceptable Daily Intake. In Press, Accepted Manuscript.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Perez-Ruzafa, A., Navarro, S., Barba, A., Marcos, C., Camara, M. A., Salas, F., and Gutierrez, J. M. (2000).
Presence Of Pesticides Throughout Trophic Compartments Of The Food Web In The Mar Menor
Lagoon (Se Spain). Marine Pollution Bulletin 40: 140-151.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Perkins, H. M., Rigakis, K. B., and Crown, E. M. (1996). The Acceptability Of A Chlorine Bleach Pretreatment
For Removal Of Chlorpyrifos Residues From Cotton And Polyester/Cotton Fabrics. Archives Of
Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 30: 127-131.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Perkins, Helena M., Rigakis, Katherine B., and Crown, Elizabeth M. ( The use of bleach pre-treatments in
chlorpyrifos residue removal from cotton workwear. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. (1992) STP 1133:
799-810 CODEN: ASTTA8; ISSN: 0066-0558.
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Perry, M. J. and Christian!, D. C. (1999). Herbicide And Insecticide Exposures Among Dairy Farm Pesticide
Applicators. American Journal Of Public Health 89: 1118-1119.
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Peshney, N. L. (1990). Compatibility of Fungicides With Some Insecticides With Reference to Fungitoxicity and
Phytotoxicity. PKV (Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth) Res.J. 14: 35-37.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CBL,CPY,PMR,PPHD,MLN,ES,HCCH,TBA,MZB,ZIRAM,THM,TPM,ACP Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Peters, E. C., Gassman, N. J., Firman, J. C., Richmond, R. H., and Power, E. A. (1997). Ecotoxicology Of
Tropical Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 16: 12-40.
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Peterson, Tawnya D., Whitney, Frank A., and Harrison, Paul J. (2005). Macronutrient dynamics in an
anticyclonic mesoscale eddy in the Gulf of Alaska: Haida Eddies: Mesoscale Transport in the
Northeast Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 52: 909-932.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Petrova, T. M. (1985). Extraction Of Pesticides From Various Plants And Soils. Agrokhimiya 0: 107-111.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Pettigrove, V., Korth, W., Thomas, M., and Bowmer, K. H. (1996). The Impact of Pesticides Used in Rice
Agriculture on Larval Chironomid Morphology. CSIRO (Commonwealth Sci.Ind.Res.Org.)
Inf.Serv.Branch, Victoria, Australia 81-88.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,CP Y,MLT Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Pettigrove, V., Korth, W., Thomas, M., and Bowmer, K. H. (1996). The Impact of Pesticides Used in Rice
Agriculture on Larval Chironomid Morphology. CSIRO (Commonwealth Sci.Ind.Res.Org.)
Inf.Serv.Branch, Victoria, Australia 81-88.
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Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Petty, F. C. (Rodent Model Of The Gulf War Syndrome (Part I And li). Fedrip Database, National Technical
Information Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Phase 2 of the Re-Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i),
issue 01, 2004.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Phipps, G. L. and Holcombe, G. W. (1985). Dursban Purity. October 21 Memo.to C.E.Stephan, U.S.EPA, Duluth,
MN.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: ADDENDUM.
Phipps, G. L., Harden, M. J., Leonard, E. N., Roush, T. H., Spehar, D. L., Stephan, C. E., Pickering, Q. H., and
Buikema, A. L. J. (1984). Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms. J. Water Pollut.Control
Fed. 56: 725-758.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
EDT,AND,Al,NH,PAH,Sb,As,ATZ,Ba,BNZ,BZD,Be,Cd,CBL,CTC,CHD,Cl,C12,CPY,Cr,Co,Cu,C
N,DDT,DZ,CBZ,CPH,DLD,ES,EDT,EN,FA,HPT,HCCH,HCCP,Fe,ISO,Pb,Mn,Hg,Mo,NAPH,Ni,N
BZ,NP,PCB,PRN,PNB,PCP,PL,Se,Ag,SZ,TCDD,TOL,TXP,V,Zn,TITLE AG Rejection Code:
REFS CHECKED/REVIEW .
Phipps, G. L., Holcombe, G. W., and Fiandt, J. T. (1982). Saturator System For Generating Toxic Water
Solutions For Aquatic Bioassays. Prog Fish-Cult 44: 115-116.
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Pichon, V., Charpak, M., and Hennion, M. C. (1998). Multiresidue Analysis Of Pesticides Using New Laminar
Extraction Disks And Liquid Chromatography And Application To The French Priority List.
Journal Of Chromatography A 795: 83-92.
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Pico, Y., Molto, J. C., Redondo, M. J., Viana, E., Manes, J., and Font, G. (1994). Monitoring Of The Pesticide
Levels In Natural Waters Of The Valencia Community Spain. Bulletin Of Environmental
Contamination And Toxicology 53: 230-237.
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Pionke, H. B. and Glotfelty, D. E. (1989). Nature And Extent Of Groundwater Contamination By Pesticides In
An Agricultural Watershed. Water Res 23: 1031-1038.
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Pionke, H. B., Glotfelty, D. E., Lucas, A. D., and Urban, J. B. (1988). Pesticide Contamination Of
Groundwaters In The Mahantango Creek Watershed Pennsylvania Usa. J Environ Qual 17: 76-84.
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Pis'mennaya, M. V. ( Chromatographic Methods Of The Determination Of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl In The Air.
GigSanit; 0 (10). 1986 (Reed. 1987). 39-40.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Planas, C., Caixach, J., Santos, F. J., and Rivera, J. (1997). Occurrence Of Pesticides In Spanish Surface
Waters. Analysis By High Resolution Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry.
Chemosphere 34: 2393-2406.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Plant, W. J, Keller, W. C, and Hayes, K. (2006). Low-Grazing-Angle Microwave Backscatter From the Ocean
-------
Near Internal Waves.
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Podrebarac, David S. (Pesticide, metal, and other chemical residues in adult total diet samples. (XIV). October
1977-September 1978. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (1984) 67: 176-85 CODEN: JANCA2; ISSN:
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Polidoro, B. A., Dahlquist, R. M, Castillo, L. E., Morra, M. J., Somarriba, E., Bosque-PÉ, and Rez, N. A. (
Pesticide Application Practices, Pest Knowledge, and Cost-Benefits of Plantain Production in the
Bribri-CabÉCar Indigenous Territories, Costa Rica. Environ res. 2008, sep; 108(1):98-106.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Pols, H. B., Hieltjes, A. Hm, and Kouwe, F. A. (1991). The Occurrence And The Sources Of Black List
Substances In Two River Basins In The Netherlands. lawprc (International Association On Water
Pollution Research And Control) Conference On North Sea Pollution: Technical Strategies For
Improvement, Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 10-14, 1990. Water Sci Technol 24: 55-68.
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Popov, T. A. and Kagan, Y. U. S. (Perfusion of the rat liver as a toxicologic method in hygienic studies. Gig.
Sanit. 4: 40-45 1977 (8 References).
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Poppenga, R. H. and Braselton, W. E Jr (1990). Effective Use Of Analytical Laboratories For The Diagnosis Of
Toxicologic Problems In Small Animal Practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20: 293-306.
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Potter, D. A. (1993). Pesticide and Fertilizer Effects on Beneficial Invertebrates and Consequences for Thatch
Degradation and Pest Outbreaks in Turfgrass. In: K.D.Racke and A.R.Leslie (Eds.), ACS
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DMB,24DXY,PCZ,DZ,FRM,TDF,CPY,PDM,CTN,BMY,CBL,BDC,EP,TCF Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Prabhakar, Nirmal, Arora, Kavita, Singh, Surinder P., Pandey, Manoj K., Singh, Harpal, and Malhotra, Bansi D.
(2007-). Polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulphonate film based disposable nucleic acid biosensor. 589: 6-13.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Prabhakar, Nirmal, Arora, Kavita, Singh, Surinder P., Pandey, Manoj K., Singh, Harpal, and Malhotra, Bansi D.
(2007). Polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulphonate film based disposable nucleic acid biosensor. Analytica
ChimicaActa 589: 6-13.
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Prandle, David, Hargreaves, Julia C., McManus, Julia P., Campbell, Andrew R., Duwe, Kurt, Lane, Andrew,
Mahnke, Petra, Shimwell, Susan, and Wolf, Judith (2000). Tide, wave and suspended sediment
modelling on an open coast — Holderness. Coastal Engineering 41: 237-267.
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Prendergast, M. A., Self, R. L., Smith, K. J., Ghayoumi, L., Mullins, M. M., Butler, T. R., Buccafusco, J. J.,
Gearhart, D. A., and Terry, A. V. Jr (Microtubule-Associated Targets in Chlorpyrifos Oxon
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Pressley, T. A. and Longbottom, J. E. ( The Determination Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Industrial And
Municipal Wastewater: Method 622. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 08,
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Price, Kevin P., Guo, Xulin, and Stiles, James M. (2002). Comparison of Landsat TM and ERS-2 SAR data for
discriminating among grassland types and treatments in eastern Kansas. Computers and Electronics
in Agriculture 31': 157-171.
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Primbs, T., Wilson, G., Schmedding, D., Higginbotham, C., and Simonich, S. M. (Influence of Asian and
Western United States Agricultural Areas and Fires on the Atmospheric Transport of Pesticides in
the Western United States. Environ sci technol. 2008, sep 1; 42(17):6519-25. [Environmental
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Proisy, C. , Mougin, E., Fromard, F., and Karam, M. A. (2000). Interpretation of Polarimetric Radar Signatures
of Mangrove Forests. Remote Sensing of Environment 11: 56-66.
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Pryor, P. D., Thoburn, T. W., and Weis, W. (Health Hazard Evaluation Report Heta 81-463-1477, Colorado
River Indian Reservation, Parker, Arizona. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue
21, 1985.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Pryor, P. D., Thoburn, T. W., Gunter, B. J., Zey, J. N, and Weis, W. (Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. HE
80-245 and 246 and 247-1210, Colorado River Gin, Poston, Arizona, Plantation Gin, Poston,
Arizona, Parker Valley Gin, Parker, Arizona. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue
12, 1984 .
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH, SURVEY.
Puelschen, L., Kaske, R., and Sauerborn, S. (1994). Pesticide Use In Egypt, Its Ecological Impact And
Mitigative Measures. Zeitschrift Fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten UndPflanzenschutz 101: 303-315.
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Pulliainen, Jouni, Engdahl, Marcus, and Hallikainen, Martti (2003). Feasibility of multi-temporal
interferometric SAR data for stand-level estimation of boreal forest stem volume. Remote Sensing of
Environment 85: 397-409.
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Purdey, Mark (2004). Chronic barium intoxication disrupts sulphated proteoglycan synthesis: a hypothesis for
the origins of multiple sclerosis. Medical Hypotheses 62: 746-754.
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Purdey, Mark (2004). Elevated silver, barium and strontium in antlers, vegetation and soils sourced from CWD
cluster areas: Do Ag/Ba/Sr piezoelectric crystals represent the transmissible pathogenic agent in
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Putnam, A. R. and Penner, D. (1974). Pesticide Interactions in Higher Plants. Pestic.Rev. 50: 73-110.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CPY Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Putnam, R. A. and Clark, J. M. (1999). Influence Of A Spreader-Sticker Adjuvant And Application Technique
On Pesticide Fate In Cranberry Cultivation. 218th National Meeting Of The American Chemical
Society, Parts 1 And 2, New Orleans, Louisiana, Lisa, August 22-26, 1999.y'abstracts Of Papers
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American Chemical Society 218: Agro 64.
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Putnam, R. A., Doherty, J. J., and Clark, J. M. ( Golfer Exposure to Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl Following
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Pykh, Y. U. A and Malkina-Pykh, I. G. (1997). Polmod.pest. The Model Of Pesticides Dynamics In The
Elementary Ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 98: 215-236.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Qian, B., Zhu, L. S., Xie, H., Wang, J., Liu, W., Xu, Q. F., Song, Y., and Xu, R. J. ([Isolation and Degrading
Characters of Chlorpyrifos Degrading Bacteria Xz-3]. Huanjing ke xue. 2007, dec; 28(12):2827-32.
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"huanjing ke xue " bianji wei yuan hui.]]: Huan Jing Ke Xue.
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developmental neurotoxicant and neuroprotectant: stage-selective inhibition of DNA synthesis
coincident with shielding from effects of Chlorpyrifos: Role of Prenatal Drugs of Abuse on Neuronal
Development. Developmental Brain Research 147: 183-190.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Quignard, J. F., Rakotoarisoa, L., Mironneau, J., and Mironneau, C. (2003). Stimulation of L-Type Ca2+
Channels by Inositol Pentakis- and Hexakisphosphates in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
J.Physiol. 549: 729-737.
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Racke, K. D. (1990). Implications Of Enhanced Biodegradation For The Use And Study Of Pesticides In The
Soil Environment. Racke, K. D. AndJ. R. Coats (Ed.). Acs (American Chemical Society) Symposium
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Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida, Usa, September 10-15, 1989. X+302p. American Chemical Society:
Washington, D.c., Usa. Illus. Isbn 0-8412-1784-X.; 0: 269-282.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Racke, K. D. and Robbins, S. T. (1991). Factors Affecting The Degradation Of 3 5 6 Trichloro-2-Pyridinol In
Soil. Somasundaram, L. AndJ. R. Coats (Ed.). Acs (American Chemical Society) Symposium Series,
Vol. 459. Pesticide Transformation Products: Fate And Significance In The Environment 200th
National Meeting, Washington, D.c., Usa, August 26-31, 1990. Xii+305p. American Chemical
Society: Washington, D.c., Usa. Illus. Isbn 0-8412-1994-X.; 0: 93-107.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Racke, K. D., Coats, J. R., and Titus, K. R. (1988). Degradation Of Chlorpyrifos And Its Hydrolysis Product 3 5
6 Trichloro-2-Pyridinol In Soil. J Environ Sci Health Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes 23:
527-540.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Racke, K. D., Lubinski, R. N, Fontaine, D. D., Miller, J. R., Mccall, P. J., and Oliver, G. R. (1993).
Comparative Fate Of Chlorpyrifos Insecticide In Urban And Agricultural Environments. Racke, K.
D. And A. R. Leslie (Ed.). Acs Symposium Series, 522. Pesticides In Urban Environments: Fate And
Significance 203rd National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California,
Usa, April 5-10, 1992. Xii+378p. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Usa. Isbn 0-8412-
2627-X.; 0:70-85.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Racke, K. D., Lubinski, R. N., Miller, J. R., and Fontaine, D. D. (1992). Comparative Degradation Of Pesticides
Under Urban And Agricultural Conditions. 203rd Acs (American Chemical Society) National
Meeting, San Francisco, California, Lisa, April 5-10, 1992. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 203: Agro73.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Racke, Kenneth D. (Environmental fate of chlorpyrifos. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1993) 131, 1-150
CODEN: RCTOE4; ISSN: 0179-5953.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Rahimi, A. R., Upton, G. J. G., and Holt, A. R. (2004). Dual-frequency links-a complement to gauges and
radar for the measurement of rain: Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting II. Journal of Hydrology
288: 3-12.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Rahman, Md. Majibur, Khan, Anisur Rahman, and Hossain, Golber (Effect of pesticides on soil bacterial
populations. Nucl. Sci. Appl. (Dhaka) (1995) 4: 93-98 CODEN: NSAPEE; ISSN: 0078-2637.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Raina, R. and Sun, L. ( Trace Level Determination of Selected Organophosphorus Pesticides and Their
Degradation Products in Environmental Air Samples by Liquid Chromatography-Positive Ion
Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J environ sci health b. 2008, may; 43(4):323-32.
[Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, pesticides, food contaminants, and
agricultural wastes]: J Environ Sci Health B.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Ramaswamy, Gita N. and Boyd, Catherine R. (Fluorescent dye and pesticide penetration tested in a
computerized spray chamber. Part I. Nonwoven fabrics as barriers. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
(1993) 51: 341-8 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ramke, D. (1969). Development of Organophosphorus Resistant Aedes Nigromaculis (Ludlow) in the Tulare
Mosquito Abatement District. Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 37: 63.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,TMP,PPX,DDVP,Naled,FNTH,MLN,MP,PRN Rejection
Code: NO DURATION.
Ramke, D. (1969). Development of Organophosphorus Resistant Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow) in the Tulare
Mosquito Abatement District. Proc.Pap.Annu.Conf.Calif.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 37: 63.
Rejection Code: NO DURATION.
Ramos, L., Sojo, L. E., Vreuls, J. J., and Brinkman, U. A. Th (2000). Study Of The Fast Competitive
Adsorption Of Pesticides In Soils By Simultaneous Filtration And Solid-Phase Extraction With
Subsequent Gc-Ms. Environmental Science & Technology 34: 1049-1055.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ranson, K. J., Sun, G., Kharuk, V. I., and Kovacs, K. (2001). Characterization of Forests in Western Sayani
Mountains, Siberia from SIR-C SAR Data. Remote Sensing of Environment 75: 188-200.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Ranson, K. J., Sun, G., Knox, R. G., Levine, E. R., Weishampel, J. F., and Fifer, S. T. (2001). Northern Forest
Ecosystem Dynamics Using Coupled Models and Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment
75: 291-302.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Rao, J. L. N., Pasalu, I. C., and Rao, V. R. (1983). Nitrogen Fixation (C2H2 Reduction) in the Rice Rhizosphere
Soil as Influenced by Pesticides and Methods of Their Application. J.Agric.Sci. 100: 637-642.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,DZ,CBF,HCCH,IFP,CPY,CBL,PPHD Rejection Code:
BACTERIA.
Rao, J. L. N., Pasalu, I. C., and Rao, V. R. (1983). Nitrogen Fixation (C2h2 Reduction) in the Rice Rhizosphere
Soil as Influenced by Pesticides and Methods of Their Application. J.Agric.Sci. 100: 637-642.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,DZ,CBF,HCCH,IFP,CPY,CBL,PPHD Rejection Code:
BACTERIA.
Rao, P. Sc, Hornsby, A. G., and Jessup, R. E. (1985). Indices For Ranking The Potential For Pesticide
Contamination Of Groundwater. 44th Annual Meeting Of The Soil And Crop Science Society Of
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Rejection Code: METHOD.
Rapp, Markus (2000). Capture rates of electrons and positive ions by mesospheric aerosol particles. Journal of
Aerosol Science 31: 1367-1369.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Raucoules, Daniel, Colesanti, Carlo, and Carnec, Claudie (2007). Use of SAR interferometry for detecting and
assessing ground subsidence. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 339: 289-302.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Raucoules, Daniel, Maisons, Christophe, Carnec, Claudie, Le Mouelic, Stephane, King, Christine, and Hosford,
Steven (2003). Monitoring of slow ground deformation by ERS radar interferometry on the Vauvert
salt mine (France): Comparison with ground-based measurement. Remote Sensing of Environment
88: 468-478.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Rauh, Virginia, Whyatt, Robin, and Garfinkel, Robin (2008). Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to
chlorpyrifos in an urban cohort. 30: 245.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Rawlins, Michael A., McDonald, Kyle C., Frolking, Steve, Lammers, Richard B., Fahnestock, Mark, Kimball,
John S., and Vorosmarty, Charles J. (2005). Remote sensing of snow thaw at the pan-Arctic scale
using the SeaWinds scatterometer. Journal of Hydrology 312: 294-311.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Rawn, D. Fk, Halldorson, T. Hj, Woychuk, R. N., and Muir, D. Cg (1999). Pesticides In The Red River And Its
Tributaries In Southern Manitoba: 1993-95. Water Quality Research Journal Of 'Canada 34: 183-
219.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Raymond, M., Fournier, D., Bride, J. M., Cuany, A., Berge, J., Magnin, M., and Pasteur, N. (1986). Identification
of Resistance Mechanisms in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Southern France: Insensitive
Acetylcholinesterase and Detoxifying Oxidases. J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 1452-1458.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PPB,TBF,ADC,PPX,DDVP,TMP,MDT,CPY,CPYO
Rejection Code: NO DURATION.
Raymond, M., Fournier, D., Bride, J. M., Cuany, A., Berge, J., Magnin, M., and Pasteur, N. (1986). Identification
of Resistance Mechanisms in Culex Pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) From Southern France: Insensitive
Acetylcholinesterase and Detoxifying Oxidases. J.Econ.Entomol. 79: 1452-1458.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PPB,TBF,ADC,PPX,DDVP,TMP,MDT,CPY,CPYO
Rejection Code: NO DURATION.
Readman, J. W., Kwong, L. Lw, Mee, L. D., Bartocci, J., Nilve, G., Rodriguez-Solano, J. A., and Gonzalez-
Farias, F. (1992). Persistent Organophosphorus Pesticides In Tropical Marine Environments. Mar
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PollutBull 24: 398-402.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD, SURVEY.
Reddy, G. P. V. and Murthy, M. M. K. (1989). Integrated Pest Management in Rice. Pesticides 23: 32F-32I.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
SZ,AND,CHL,CBL,CPY,DZ,EN,HPT,ATZ,MOM,ADC,CBF,DMT,DMB,ATN,EFV,MP,GYP
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Redondo, M. J., Ruiz, M. J., Font, G., and Boluda, R. (Dissipation and distribution of atrazine, simazine,
chlorpyrifos, and tetradifon residues in citrus orchard soil. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1997)
32: 346-352 CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Reducing insecticide resistance. U.S. Patent 5 pp. CODEN: USXXAM.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE - PATENT ONLY.
Reed, Seann, Koren, Victor, Smith, Michael, Zhang, Ziya, Moreda, Fekadu, Seo, Dong-Jun, and DMIP
Participants, and (2004). Overall distributed model intercomparison project results: The Distributed
Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP). Journal of Hydrology 298: 27-60.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Reed, Seann, Schaake, John, and Zhang, Ziya (2007). A distributed hydrologic model and threshold frequency-
based method for flash flood forecasting at ungauged locations. Journal of Hydrology 337: 402-420.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Reeder, A. L., Foley, G. L., Nichols, D. K., Hansen, L. G., Wikoff, B., Faeh, S., Eisold, J., Wheeler, M. B.,
Warner, R., Murphy, J. E., and Beasley, V. R. (1998). Forms and Prevalence of Intersexuality and
Effects of Environmental Contaminants on Sexuality in Cricket Frogs (Acris Crepitans).
Environ.Health Perspect. 106: 261-266.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PCB,ATZ,MTL,CPY,DXN,HXZ Rejection Code: NO
DURATION/NO TOXICANT/SURVEY.
Reeder, A. L., Foley, G. L., Nichols, D. K., Hansen, L. G., Wikoff, B., Faeh, S., Eisold, J., Wheeler, M. B.,
Warner, R., Murphy, J. E., and Beasley, V. R. (1998). Forms And Prevalence Of Intersexuality And
Effects Of Environmental Contaminants On Sexuality In Cricket Frogs (Acris Crepitans).
Environmental Health Perspectives 106: 261-266.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Re-Evaluation of Lawn and Turf Uses of Pesticides. Govt reports announcements & index
(gra&i), issue 03, 2003.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Regan, R. (1997). Fumigation Practices in Oregon Ornamental Plant Nurseries. In: T.D.Landis (Ed.), Natl.Proc.,
For.Conserv.NurseryAssoc.Gen.Tech.Rep.PNW-GTR-389, Portland, OR 150-151.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,MB Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Regli, Christian, Huggenberger, Peter, and Rauber, Martin (2002). Interpretation of drill core and georadar data
of coarse gravel deposits. Journal of Hydrology 255: 234-252.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Regupathy, A. and Jeyarajan, R. (1985). Management of Banana Bunchy Top Disease. Integr.Pest Dis.Manag.
225-237.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MP,CPY,ES,PHSL,PPHD,DMT,CBF,MOM Rejection Code:
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Remondelli, Paolo, Mugnoz, Bruno, Delia Morte, Rossella, Belisario, Maria Antonietta, Staiano, Norma, and
De Lorenzo, Francesco (1986). Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of thirteen pesticides by
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Rendon-von Osten, J., Scares, A. M. V. M., and Guilhermino, L. (2005). Black-Bellied Whistling Duck
(Dendrocygna autumnalis) Brain Cholinesterase Characterization and Diagnosis of
Anticholinesterase Pesticide Exposure in Wild Populations from Mexico. Environ. Toxicol.Chem.
24: 313-317.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO/NO CONC.
Rendon-von Osten, J., Scares, A. M. V. M., and Guilhermino, L. (2005). Black-Bellied Whistling Duck
(Dendrocygna Autumnalis) Brain Cholinesterase Characterization and Diagnosis of
Anticholinesterase Pesticide Exposure in Wild Populations From Mexico. Environ.Toxicol.Chem.
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Electronics in Agriculture 35: 271-307.
Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Rice, C. P. and Chernyak, S. M. (1997). Marine Arctic Fog: An Accumulator Of Currently Used Pesticide.
Chemosphere 35: 867-878 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Rice, C. P., Chernyak, S. M., and McConnell, L. L. (Henry's law constants for pesticides measured as a
function of temperature and salinity. J. Agric. Food Chem. (1997) 45: 2291-2298 CODEN:
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Rice, D. and Barone, S. Jr (2000). Critical Periods Of Vulnerability For The Developing Nervous System:
Evidence From Humans And Animal Models. Environmental Health Perspectives 108: 511-533.
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Rice, R. H. (Keratinocyte Culture Model: Toxic Mechanisms. Fedrip Database, National Technical
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Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
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Richards, R. P. and Baker, D. B. (1993). Pesticide Concentration Patterns In Agricultural Drainage Networks In
The Lake Erie Basin. Environ ToxicolChem 12: 13-26.
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Vitro Inhibition of Cholinesterase by Mixtures of Chlorpyrifos-oxon and Azinphos-methyl-oxon.
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Organophosphorus Compounds: a Critical Review of the Literature. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health 44:
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Richardson, Rudy J. and Philbert, Martin A. (Modeling the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in
vitro: macromolecule synthesis inPC12 cells. Comments. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1999) 156: 78
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Richter, E. D., Rosenvald, Z., Kaspi, L., Levy, S., and Gruener, N. (1986). Sequential Cholinesterase Tests And
Symptoms For Monitoring Organophosphate Absorption In Field Workers And In Persons Exposed
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Pesticides Of The International Commission On Occupational Health On Biological Monitoring Of
Workers Manufacturing, Formulating And Applying Pesticides, Szeged, Hungary, Apr. 15-17, 1986.
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Locusts 1940-1990. In: S.K.Ganwere, M.C.Muralirangan, andM.Muralirangan (Eds.), The
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
RSM,HCCH,FRN,CPY,DZ,TXP,CHD,AND,DDT,DLD,HPT,EN,PRN,DMT,AZD,CYP Rejection
Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Riess, Michael H., Wefers, Heribert, and Weigel, Hans Peter (Ecotoxicological assessment of sediment-bound
contaminants. Derivation of reference objectives and classification with respect to soil protection
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Riley, J. R. and Smith, A. D. (2002). Design considerations for an harmonic radar to investigate the flight of
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66: 432-433.
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Ro, K. S. and Libra, J. A. (1995). Pesticides And Herbicides. Water Environment Research 67: 548-552.
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Roast, S. D., Thompson, R. S., Widdows, J., and Jones, M. B. (1998). Mysids and Environmental Monitoring: a
Case for Their Use in Estuaries. Mar.Freshw.Res. 49: 827-832.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRT,CPY,TBT,Cd,MP Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Roast, S. D., Thompson, R. S., Widdows, J., and Jones, M. B. (1998). Mysids And Environmental Monitoring:
A Case For Their Use In Estuaries. Marine And Freshwater Research 49: 827-832.
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Roberts, Dar A., Keller, Michael, and Scares, Joao Vianei (2003). Studies of land-cover, land-use, and
biophysical properties of vegetation in the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere experiment in
Amazonia: Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia. Remote Sensing of
Environmental: 377-388.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Roberts, J. W. and Ruby, M. G. (Development Of A High Volume Surface Sampler For Pesticides In Floor
Dust. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 05, 1989.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Roberts, John W. and Camann, David E. (Pilot study of a cotton glove press test for assessing exposure to
pesticides in house dust. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 43: 717-24 CODEN: BECTA6;
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Robinson Vargas, M. and Alejandrina Ubillo, F. (2001). Toxicity of Pesticides on Natural Enemies of Agricultural
Pests (Toxicidad De Pesticidas Sobre Enemigos Naturales De Plagas Agricolas). Agric.Tec. 61: 4 p.
(SPA) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: MTM.MOM.IML.CPY.FTT.PMR Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
Robinson Vargas, M. and Alejandrina Ubillo, F. (2001). Toxicity of Pesticides on Natural Enemies of
Agricultural Pests (Toxicidad de Pesticidas Sobre Enemigos Naturales de Plagas Agricolas).
Agric.Tec. 61: 4 p. (SPA) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Robinson, P. W. (1999). The Toxicity of Pesticides and Organics to Mysid Shrimps Can Be Predicted From
DaphniaSpp. Toxicity Data. Water Res. 33: 1545-1549.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ACP,BCM,CPY,CMPH,CYH,CYP,CYR,DM,DZ,DFZ,DMM,DMP,FCX,LNR,PTP,DCB,DPDP,D
NT,NBZ,NP,SFL,4CE Rejection Code: MODELING/REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Robles-Mendoza, C., Garc0a-Basilio, C., Cram-Heydrich, S., Hernfindez-Quiroz, M., and Vanegas-PGrez, C. (
Organophosphorus pesticides effect on early stages of the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Rocke, T. E. (1995). Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report. Journal Of Wildlife Diseases 31: No Pagination.
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Rodrigues, A. M, Ferreira, V., Cardoso, V. V., Ferreira, E., and Benoliel, M. J. (Determination of Several
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPYO,DDVP,MPO Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Rodriguez-Cruz, S., Andrades, M. S., Sanchez-Camazano, M., and Sanchez-Martin, M. J. (Relationship Between
the Adsorption Capacity of Pesticides by Wood Residues and the Properties of Woods and
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
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Third Meeting Of The European Society Of Human Reproduction And Embryology. Hum Reprod
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96 well plate format. Prepr. Ext. Abstr. ACSNatl. Meet.Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Environ. Chem. 40:
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Agricultural Drainage Ditches. Chemosphere 75: 109-114.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Rogers, Mathew R. and Stringfellow, William T. (Partitioning of chlorpyrifos to soil and plants in vegetated
agricultural drainage ditches. In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Rogge, W. F., Hildemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., Cass, G. R., and Simonelt, B. Rt (1991). Sources Of Fine
Organic Aerosol: 1. Char Broilers And Meat Cooking Operations. Environ Sci Technol 25: 1112-
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Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos in Sediment to Daphnia Magna and Chironomus Riparius. Rep.RIVM
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Roinestad, K. S., Louis, J. B., and Rosen, J. D. (1993). Determination Of Pesticides In Indoor Air And Dust.
Journal OfAoac International 76: 1121-1126.
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Romyen, S., Hawker, D., and Karnchanasest, B. (Distribution of Organophosphate Insecticides in a Thai
Biomass-Water System. Jenviron sci health b. 2007, nov; 42(8):869-75. [Journal of environmental
science and health. Part. B, pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes]: J Environ Sci
Health B.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Roney, Nickolette, Henriques, William D., Fay, Mike, Holler, James S., and Susten, Sandra S. (Determining
priority hazardous substances related to hazardous waste sites. Toxicol. Ind. Health (1998) 14: 521-
532 CODEN: TIHEEC; ISSN: 0748-2337.
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Water in Glasshouse Columns. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution [Water, Air, Soil Pollut.]. Vol. 182, no.
1-4, pp. 207-218. Jun 2007.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Rose Michael T, Crossan Angus N, and Kennedy Ivan R (2007). Dissipation of Cotton Pesticides From Runoff
Water in Glasshouse Columns. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution [Water, Air, Soil Pollut.]. Vol. 182, no.
1-4, pp. 207-218. Jun 2007.
Rejection Code : FATE.
Rosenberg, A., Lieberman, M. T., and Alexander, M. (Microbial Degradation of Pesticides. Govt Reports
Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 08, 1980.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Rosenheim, J. A. and Hoy, M. A. (1986). Intraspecific Variation In Levels Of Pesticide Resistance In Field
Populations Of A Parasitoid Aphytis-Melinus Hymenoptera Aphelinidae The Role Of Past Selection
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Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Racke, K. D. And A. R. Leslie (Ed.). Acs Symposium Series, 522. Pesticides In Urban Environments:
Fate And Significance 203rd National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San Francisco,
California, Usa, April 5-10, 1992. Xii+378p. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Usa.
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Rejection Code: MODEL.
Ross, J. H., Thongsinthusak, T., Fong, H. R., andKrieger, R. I. (1991 ). Estimation Of Indoor Pesticides
Exposure. 201st Acs National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Atlanta, Georgia, Usa,
April 14-19, 1991. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 201: Agro 113.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ross, John, Fong, Harvard R., Thongsinthusak, Tian, Margetich, Sheila, and Krieger, Robert (Measuring
potential dermal transfer of surface pesticide residue generated from indoor fogger use: using the
CDFA roller method. Interim report II. Chemosphere (1991) 22: 975-84 CODEN: CMSHAF;
ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ross, L. ( 1994). Mass Loading Of Pesticides In The San Joaquin River California. 207th National Meeting Of
The American Chemical Society, San Diego, California, Usa, March 13-17, 1994. Abstracts Of
Papers American Chemical Society 207: Agro 117.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Society National Meeting, Orlando, Florida, Lisa, August 25-29, 1996. Abstracts Of Papers
American Chemical Society 212: Agro 93.
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Investigation and Detection of Fenitrothion and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Resistance in Oryzaephilus
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPYM,FNT Rejection Code: IN VITRO/NO DURATION.
Rotenberg, Michal, Shefi, Menachem, Dany, Sanda, Dore, liana, Tirosh, Moshe, and Almog, Shlomo (
Differentiation between organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. Clin. Chim. Acta (1995) 234:
11-21 CODEN: CCATAR; ISSN: 0009-8981.
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Rouchaud, J., Gustin, F., Benoit, F., Ceustermans, N, Vanparys, L., Gillet, J., Van de Steene, F., and Pelerents, C.
(1991). Influences of Slurry, Cow Manure, City Refuse and Mushroom Cultivation Composts
Fertilizers onto Chlorpyrifos, Chlorfenvinphos and Carbofuran Soil and Plant Metabolisms in
Cauliflower Crops. Meded.Fac.Landbouwwet.Rijksuniv.Gent 56: 915-924.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBF,CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Rouchaud, J., Gustin, F., Wauters, A., Van de Steene, F., Benoit, F., Ceustermans, N., Gillet, J., Marchand, S., and
Vanparys, L. (1994). Influence of the Recent Organic Fertilizers and old Humus on the Insecticides
Imidacloprid and Chlorpyrifos Soil Biodegradations and Metabolisms in Sugar Beet, Cauliflower
and Brussels Sprouts. Meded.Fac.Landbouww. Univ.Gent 59: 1429-1438.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: IMC,CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Rouchaud, J., Gustin, F., Wauters, A., Van de Steene, F., Benoit, F., Ceustermans, N., Gillet, J., Marchand, S., and
Vanparys, L. (1994). Influence of the Recent Organic Fertilizers and Old Humus on the Insecticides
Imidacloprid and Chlorpyrifos Soil Biodegradations and Metabolisms in Sugar Beet, Cauliflower
and Brussels Sprouts. Meded.Fac.Landbouww. Univ.Gent 59'. 1429-1438.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: IMC,CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Rouchaud, J., Thirion, A., Wauters, A., Van De Steene, F., Benoit, F., Ceustermans, N., Gillet, J., Marchand, S.,
and Vanparys, L. ( Soil adsorption and biodegradation of insecticides in sugar beet and vegetable
crop soils treated with organic fertilizers. Meded. - Fac. Landbouvkd. Toegepaste Biol. Wet. (Univ.
Gent) (1995) 60: 585-92 CODEN: MFLBER.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Roy, Anamika, Bajpai, J., and Bajpai, A. K. (Dynamics of controlled release of Chlorpyrifos from swelling and
eroding biopolymeric microspheres of calcium alginate and starch. In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Rucker, Dale F. and Ferre, Ty P. A. (2005). Automated water content reconstruction of zero-offset borehole
ground penetrating radar data using simulated annealing. Journal of Hydrology 309: 1-16.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Rudzok, Susanne, Herbarth, Olf, Krejci, Sebastian, Schmncking, Eike, and Bauer, Mario (2007-). Do they act
similar or independent?: In vitro testings of the binary mixture nickel and Chlorpyrifos. 172: S54-
S55.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Ruessink, B. G., Bell, P. S., van Enckevort, I. M. J., and Aarninkhof, S. G. J. (2002). Nearshore bar crest
location quantified from time-averaged X-band radar images. Coastal Engineering 45: 19-32.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
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Ruiz, M. J., Redondo, M. J., and Font, G. (1997). Solid-Phase Extraction Disks For Determining Pesticides
From Soil Leachates. Journal OfChromatographyA 776: 348-354.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Rumenjak, Vlatko and Simeon, Vera (Measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes
using an adapted assay kit. Jugosl. Med. Biokem. (1989) 8: 9-12 CODEN: JMBIEE; ISSN: 0352-
1311.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Rushton, S. P. and Luff, M. L. (1988). The Use of Multivariate Ordination Techniques to Assess the Effects of
Chlorpyrifos on Ground Beetle and Spider Communities in Grassland. Monogr.- Br.Crop
Prot.Counc. 40: 175-181.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Russom, C. L., Bradbury, S. P., and Carlson, A. R. (Use of knowledge bases and QSARS to estimate the
relative ecological risk of agrichemicals: a problem formulation exercise. SAR QSAR Environ. Res.
(1995) 4: 83-95 CODEN: SQERED; ISSN: 1062-936X.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
Ryals, S. C., Genter, M. B., and Leidy, R. B. (1998). Assessment Of Surface Water Quality On Three Eastern
North Carolina Golf Courses. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 17: 1934-1942.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Sabaliunas, D. and Sodergren, A. (1997). Use Of Semi-Permeable Membrane Devices To Monitor Pollutants In
Water And Assess Their Effects: A Laboratory Test And Field Verification. Environmental
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Sabdono, A., Kang, S., Hur, H. G., Grossart, H. P., Simon, M., and Radjasa, 0. K. (2007). Organophosphate
Pesticide Concentrations in Coral Tissues of Indonesian Coastal Waters. Pakistan Journal of
Biological Sciences [Pakistan J. Biol. Sci.J. Vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 1926-1929. 1 Jun 2007.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Sabdono, A., Kang, S., Hur, H. G., Grossart, H. P., Simon, M., and Radjasa, 0. K. (2007). Organophosphate
Pesticide Concentrations in Coral Tissues of Indonesian Coastal Waters. Pakistan Journal of
Biological Sciences [Pakistan J. Biol. Sci.J. Vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 1926-1929. 1 Jun 2007.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Sabik, H., Fouquet, A., and Proulx, S. (1997). Ultratrace Determination Of Organophosphorus And
Organonitrogen Pesticides In Surface Water. Analusis 25: 267-273.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Sabljic, A. (1987). On The Prediction Of Soil Sorption Coefficients Of Organic Pollutants From Molecular
Structure Application Of Molecular Topology Model. Environ Sci Technol2\: 358-366.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Sacco, M. and Girolami, V. (1988). Effects of Several Methods of Controlling Apple Pests on the Populations of
Typhlodromus Pyri Scheuten and Panonychus Ulmi Koch [Effetti Di Diversi Metodi Di Intervento
Contro Gli Insetti Fitofagi Del Melo Sulle Popolazioni Di Typhlodromus Pyri Scheuten E Di
Panonychus Ulmi Koch]. Rediall: 411-438 (ITA) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PHSL,CHX,ACP,CPY,DFZ,DDVP Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
Sacco, M. and Girolami, V. (1988). Effects of Several Methods of Controlling Apple Pests on the Populations
of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Panonychus ulmi Koch [Effetti di Diversi Metodi di Intervento
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Panonychus ulmi Koch]. Redia 71: 411-438 (ITA) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Sachana, M., Flaskos, J., Alexaki, E., Glynn, P., and Hargreaves, A. J. (2001). The toxicity of chlorpyrifos
towards differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. Toxicology in Vitro 15: 369-372.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Saeed, Talat, Sawaya, Wajih N, Ahmad, Nisar, Rajagopal, Sangeetha, Al-Omair, Ali, and Al-Awadhi, Fawzia
(2001). Chlorinated pesticide residues in the total diet of Kuwait. Food Control 12: 91-98.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Saich, P., Rees, W. G., and Borgeaud, M. (2001). Detecting Pollution Damage to Forests in the Kola Peninsula
Using the ERS SAR. Remote Sensing of Environment 75: 22-28.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Saito, Hotaka, Iwami, Shiro, and Shigeoka, Tadayoshi (In vitro cytotoxicity of 45 pesticides to goldfish GF-
Scale (GFS) cells. Chemosphere (1991) 23: 525-37 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Saito, Hotaka, Koyasu, Junko, Yoshida, Kikuo, Shigeoka, Tadayoshi, and Koike, Sakae ( Cytotoxicity of 109
chemicals to goldfish GFS cells and relationships with 1-octanol/water partition coefficients.
Chemosphere (1993) 26: 1015-28 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Saito, Shoji, Tanoue, Akira, and Matsuo, Masatoshi ( Applicability of the i/o-characters to a quantitative
description of bioconcentration of organic chemicals in fish. Chemosphere (1992) 24: 81-7
CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535 .
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Sakai, R. (1990). Toxicity of Organic Phosphates and Chloronaphthalenes. 2. Effect of Chlorpyrifos on
Cholinesterase Activity in Rats. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi 102: 997-1005 (JPN).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Sakai, R. (1990). Toxicity of Organic Phosphates and Chloronaphthalenes. 2. Effect of Chlorpyrifos on
Cholinesterase Activity in Rats. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi 102: 997-1005 (JPN).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Sakai, Ritsue ( Toxicity of organic phosphates and Chloronaphthalenes. 1. The effect on mitochondrial
oxidative phosphorylation in the rat liver. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (1990) 102: 989-96 CODEN:
OIZAAV; ISSN: 0030-1558.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Salazar-Arredondo, E., SolÍ, S-Heredia Mde, J., Rojas-GarcÍ, A, E., HernÁ, Ndez-Ochoa, I.,
and Quintanilla-Vega, B. ( Sperm Chromatin Alteration and Dna Damage by Methyl-Parathion,
Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon and Their Oxon Metabolites in Human Spermatozoa. Reprod toxicol.
2008, aug; 25(4):455-60. [Reproductive toxicology (elmsford, n.y.)]: Reprod Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Saleh, M. A. (1980). Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Pesticides. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 15: 907-928.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PNB,HCCH,PRN,CP Y,HPT,DLD,AND,EN,TXP,CHD
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Saleh, M. S. (1988). Use of Plastic Formulations of Chlorpyrifos and Sumithion as Mosquito Larvicides and Their
Delayed Effects on the Basal Follicle Numbers Developed by Female Survivors.
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Anz.Schaedlingskd.Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 61: 14-17.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Saltzman, Sarina and Brates, Nelly (1990). Effects of pesticides and carbon dioxide stress on ammonium
oxidation in soil. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B B25: 689-711 .
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Samarawickrema, N., Pathmeswaran, A., Wickremasinghe, R., Peiris-John, R., Karunaratna, M., Buckley, N.,
Dawson, A., and De Silva, J. (Fetal Effects of Environmental Exposure of Pregnant Women to
Organophosphorus Compounds in a Rural Farming Community in Sri Lanka. Clin toxicol (phila).
2008, jul; 46(6):489-95. [Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, pa.)]: Clin Toxicol (Phila).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Samimi, B. S. (1995). The Environmental Evaluation Commercial And Home. Occupational Medicine
(Philadelphia) 10: 95-118.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Sample, B. E. and Arenal, C. A. (1999). Allometric Models For Interspecies Extrapolation Of Wildlife Toxicity
Data. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 62: 653-663.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Sanchez-Hernandez, J. C. and Wheelock, C. E. (2009). Tissue Distribution, Isozyme Abundance and Sensitivity
to Chlorpyrifos-oxon of Carboxylesterases in the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Environ.Pollut.
157: 264-272 (doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.06.041).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP YO Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sandahl, J., Baldwin, D. H., Jenkins, J., and Scholz, N. L. (2004). Electrophysiological Measures of Pesticide
Toxicity to the Salmon Olfactory System. 2003 Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Res.Conf.P roc.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EFV.CPY.Cu Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Sandberg, S. K., Slater, L. D., and Versteeg, R. (2002). An integrated geophysical investigation of the
hydrogeology of an anisotropic unconfined aquifer. Journal of Hydrology 267: 227-243.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Sanders, H. J. (1975). New Weapons Against Insects. Chem.Eng.News 18-31.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
ATN,MOM,MDT,DMT,AZ,FNF,PRT,CPY,ADC,DS,CBF,DZ,PRN,MLN,CBL,MP,TXP,HCCH,ES
,MXC,MRX,CHD,HPT,DDT,CBF,PPX Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Sandwell, David T., Smith, Walter H. F., Gille, Sarah, Kappel, Ellen, Jayne, Steven, Soofi, Khalid, Coakley,
Bernard, and Geli, Louis (2006). Bathymetry from space: Rationale and requirements for a new,
high-resolution altimetric mission: La Terre observee depuis 1'espace. Comptes Rendus Geosciences
338: 1049-1062.
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Santanello, Jr. Joseph A., Peters-Lidard, Christa D. , Garcia, Matthew E., Mocko, David M., Tischler, Michael
A., Moran, M. Susan, and Thoma, D. P. (Using remotely-sensed estimates of soil moisture to infer
soil texture and hydraulic properties across a semi-arid watershed. Remote Sensing of Environment
In Press, Corrected Proof: 292.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Sapozhnikova, Yelena, Bawardi, Ola, and Schlenk, Daniel (2004). Pesticides and PCBs in sediments and fish
from the Salton Sea, California, USA. Chemosphere 55: 797-809.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Sardar, D. and Kole, R. K. (2005). Metabolism of Chlorpyrifos in Relation to Its Effect on the Availability of
Some Plant Nutrients in Soil. Chemosphere 61: 1273-1280.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Sardar, D. and Kole, R. K. (2005). Metabolism of Chlorpyrifos in Relation to Its Effect on the Availability of
Some Plant Nutrients in Soil. Chemosphere 61: 1273-1280.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Sardar, D. and Kole, R. K. (2005). Metabolism of Chlorpyrifos in Relation to Its Effect on the Availability of
Some Plant Nutrients in Soil. Chemosphere 61: 1273-1280.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Sarikayalar, F. and Ecevit, I. Z. (1990). Organophosphorus Compounds Causing Poisoning In Patients An
Admitted To The Hacettepe University Children's Hospital (Turkey). Cocuk Sagligi Hastaliklari
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Sarti, Francesco, Arkin, Yaacov, Chorowicz, Jean, Karnieli, Arnon, and Cunha, Teresa ( 2003). Assessing pre-
and post-deformation in the southern Arava Valley segment of the Dead Sea Transform, Israel by
differential interferometry. Remote Sensing of Environment 86: 141-149.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Sartorelli, Pietro, Aprea, Cristina, Cenni, Anna, Novelli, Maria Teresa, Orsi, Daniela, Palmi, Silvana, and
Matteucci, Giacomo (Prediction of percutaneous absorption from physicochemical data: a model
based on data of in vitro experiments. Ann. Occup. Hyg. (1998) 42: 267-276 CODEN: AOHYA3;
ISSN: 0003-4878.
Rejection Code: MODEL, IN VITRO.
Satapornvanit, Kriengkrai, Baird, D. J., and Little, D. C. (Laboratory toxicity test and post-exposure feeding
inhibition using the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Sauer, J., Antusch, E., and Ripp, C. (1997). Monitoring Of Lipophilic Organic Pollutants In Sewer Systems By
Sewer Slime Analysis. Haberer, K. (Ed.). Vom Wasser, Band 88 (Water, Vol. 88). Xx+407p. Vch
Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh: Weinheim, Germany; Vch Publishers, Inc.: New York, New York, Usa.
Isbn 3-527-28820-1.; 88: 49-69.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Saulsbury, M. D., Heyliger, S. 0., Wang, K., and Johnson, D. J. (2009). Chlorpyrifos Induces Oxidative Stress in
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. Toxicology 259: 1-9.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sawaya, Wajih N, Al-Awadhi, Fawzia A., Saeed, Talat, Al-Omair, Ali, Husain, Adnan, Ahmad, Nissar, Al-
Omirah, Husam, Al-Zenki, Sameer, Khalafawi, Sherif, Al-Otaibi, Jamla, and Al-Amiri, Hanan
(2000). Dietary intake of organophosphate pesticides in Kuwait. Food Chemistry 69: 331-338.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Sawyer, T. W., Weiss, M. T., and Dickinson, T. (Effect of metabolism on the anticholinesterase activity of
carbamate and organophosphate insecticides in neuron culture. In Vitro Toxicol. (1996) 9: 343-352
CODEN: IVTOE4; ISSN: 0888-319X.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sawyer, T. W., Weiss, M. T., and Dickinson, T. (1996). Effect of Metabolism on the Anticholinesterase Activity
of Carbamate and Organophosphate Insecticides in Neuron Culture. In Vitro Toxicol. 9: 343-352.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
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ADC,TBC,CBL,MOM,TMP,PRN,ACP,PRT,PPHD,FNF,DZ,ETN,FNTH,TCF,AZ,PHSL,MLN,MP,
Naled,DMT,DS,CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Schaefer, C. H. and Dupras, E. F. Jr (Factors Affecting The Stability Of Dursban In Polluted Waters. J. Econ.
Entomol; 63(3): 701-5, 1970; (Ref:7).
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Schaeffer, A. (1993). Pesticide Effects On Enzyme Activities In The Soil Ecosystem. Bollag, J.-M. AndG.
Stotzky (Ed.). Soil Biochemistry, Vol. 8.Xi+418p. Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, New York, Usa
Basel, Switzerland. Isbn 0-8247-9044-8.; 0: 273-340.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Schaeffer, 0., Weil, L., and Niessner, R. (1994). Determination Of Organophosphorus Compounds And
Carbamates By Their Inhibition Of Cholinesterase Part 4. Qualitative And Quantitative
Determination Of A Multicomponent-Pesticide Mixture In Water By Bioanalytical And
Chemometric Methods. Fachgruppe Wasserchemie In Der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (Ed.).
Vom Wasser, Band 82 (Water, Vol. 82). Xiv+425p. Vch Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh: Weinheim,
Germany; Vch Publishers, Inc.: New York, New York, Usa. Isbn 3-527-28650-0.; 0: 233-246.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Schardein, James L. and Scialli, Anthony R. ( The legislation of toxicologic safety factors: the Food Quality
Protection Act with chlorpyrifos as a test case. Reprod. Toxicol. (1999) 13: 1-14 CODEN:
REPTED; ISSN: 0890-6238 .
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Schenck, F. J. and Howard-King, V. (2000). Determination Of Organochlorine And Organophosphorus
Pesticide Residues In Low Moisture, Nonfatty Products Using A Solid Phase Extraction Cleanup
And Gas Chromatography. Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part B Pesticides Food
Contaminants And Agricultural Wastes 35: 1-12.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Scher, D. P., Alexander, B. H., Adgate, J. L., Eberly, L. E., Mandel, J. S., Acquavella, J. F., Bartels, M. J., and
Brzak, K. A. (Agreement of Pesticide Biomarkers Between Morning Void and 24-H Urine Samples
From Farmers and Their Children. J expo sci environ epidemiol. 2007, jul; 17(4):350-7. [Journal of
exposure science & environmental epidemiology]: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Scher, D. P., Sawchuk, R. J., Alexander, B. H., and Adgate, J. L. (Estimating Absorbed Dose of Pesticides in a
Field Setting Using Biomonitoring Data and Pharmacokinetic Models. J toxicol environ health a.
2008; 71(6):373-83. []: J Toxicol Environ Health A.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Schiff, K., Bay, S., and Stransky, C. (2002). Characterization of Stormwater Toxicants From an Urban Watershed
to Freshwater and Marine Organisms. Urban Water 4: 215-227.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
Cu,Pb,Ni,Cr,Se,PPB,Zn,DZ,As,CPY,Cd,HCCH,DDE,MBZ,DMM Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Schiff, Kenneth, Bay, Steven, and Stransky, Christopher (2002). Characterization of Stormwater toxicants from
an urban watershed to freshwater and marine organisms. Urban Water 4: 215-227.
Rejection Code: FATE, SURVEY.
Schiffman, S. S. (Model For Drug And Pollution Induced Dysgesia. Crisp Data Base National Institutes Of
Health.
Rejection Code: CRISP DATABASE.
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Schilter, B., Renwick, A. G., and Huggett, A. C. (Limits for pesticide residues in infant foods: a safety-based
proposal. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. (1996) 24: 126-140 CODEN: RTOPDW; ISSN: 0273-2300.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Schmalz, B. and Lennartz, B. (2002). Analyses of soil water content variations and GPR attribute distributions.
Journal of Hydrology 267: 217-226.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Schmidt, A. C., Romme, R. C., Brack, V., and Tyrell, K. (1999). Bioaccumulation Of Pesticides In Bats
Collected From Missouri. 218th National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Parts 1 And
2, New Orleans, Louisiana, Usa, August 22-26, 1999.yabstracts Of Papers American Chemical
Society 218: Agro 92.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Schmuck, G. and Ahr, H. J. (Improved in vitro method for screening organophosphate-induced delayed
polyneuropathy. Toxicol. in Vitro (1997) 11: 263-270 CODEN: TIVIEQ; ISSN: 0887-2333.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Schom, C. B., Abbott, U. K., and Walker, N. (1973). Organophosphorus Pesticide Effects on Domestic and Game
Bird Species: Dursban. Poult.Sci. 52: 2083 (ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Schomburg, C. J., Glotfelty, D. E., and Seiber, J. N. (1989). Pesticide Concentrations In Coastal Fog Collected
Near Monterey California Usa. 198th Acs (American Chemical Society) National Meeting, Miami
Beach, Florida, Usa, September 10-15, 1989. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 198: Agro 96.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Schreck, E., Geret, F., Gontier, L., and Treilhou, M. (2008). Neurotoxic Effect and Metabolic Responses Induced
by a Mixture of Six Pesticides on the Earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa nocturna. Chemosphere
71: 1832-1839.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FSTAL,CYH,CPY,MLX,Folpet,MYC Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Schreck, E., Geret, F., Gontier, L., and Treilhou, M. (2008). Neurotoxic Effect and Metabolic Responses Induced
by a Mixture of Six Pesticides on the Earthworm Aporrectodea Caliginosa Nocturna. Chemosphere
71: 1832-1839.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FSTAL,CYH,CPY,MLX,Folpet,MYC Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Schreiber, J. D., Smith, S. Jr, and Cullum, R. F. (1993). Pesticides And Nutrients In Southern U.S. Shallow
Ground Water And Surface Runoff. Water Science And Technology 28: 583-588.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Schroth, G. and Zech, W. (1995). Root Length Dynamics in Agroforestry With Gliricidia Sepium as Compared to
Sole Cropping in the Semi-Deciduous Rainforest Zone of West Africa. Plant Soil 170: 297-306.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Schuh, Rosemary A., Lein, Pamela J., Beckles, Rondell A., and Jett, David A. (2002). Noncholinesterase
Mechanisms of Chlorpyrifos Neurotoxicity: Altered Phosphorylation of Ca2+/cAMP Response
Element Binding Protein in Cultured Neurons. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 182: 176-
185.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Schuler, D. L., Lee, J. S., Kasilingam, D., and Pettier, E. (2004). Measurement of ocean surface slopes and
wave spectra using polarimetric S AR image data. Remote Sensing of Environment 91: 198-211.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Schulz, R. (2003). Using a Freshwater Amphipod in Situ Bioassay as a Sensitive Tool to Detect Pesticide Effects
in the Field. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 22: 1172-1176.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,ES,CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Schulz, R. and Liess, M. (1997). Runoff-Related Short-Term Pesticide Input Into Agricultural Streams:
Measurement by Use of an in Situ Bioassay With Aquatic Macroinvertebrates. Verh.Ges.Oekol. 27:
399-404 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,FNV Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Schulz, R. and Peall, S. K. C. (2001). Effectiveness of a Constructed Wetland for Retention of Nonpoint-Source
Pesticide Pollution in the Lourens River Catchment, South Africa. Environ.Sci.Technol. 35: 422-
426.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,CPY Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Schulz, R. and Peall, S. K. C. (2001). Effectiveness of a Constructed Wetland for Retention of Nonpoint-Source
Pesticide Pollution in the Lourens River Catchment, South Africa. Environ.Sci.Technol. 35: 422-
426.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Scott, G. R. and Sloman, K. A. (2004). The Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Complex Fish Behaviour:
Integrating Behavioural and Physiological Indicators of Toxicity. Aquat.Toxicol. 68: 369-392 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DU,DDT,CPY,CHD,CBL,PCP,PL,C80H,DZ,MP,FNV,ES,Zn,Ni,Hg,Cd,Cu,Pb Rejection Code:
REVIEW.
Scott, Julian B. T., Mair, Doug, Nienow, Pete, Parry, Victoria, and Morris, Elizabeth (2006). A ground-based
radar backscatter investigation in the percolation zone of the Greenland ice sheet. Remote Sensing of
Environment 104: 361-373.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Sears, M. K., Bowhey, C., Braun, H., and Stephenson, G. R. (1987). Dislodgeable Residues And Persistence Of
Diazinon Chlorpyrifos And Isofenphos Following Their Application To Turfgrass. Pestic Sci 20:
223-232.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Seiber, J. N, Miller, G. C., and Jr, G. E. (Atmospheric Transport And Deposition Of Organophosphates And
Other Pesticides As Input To Sierra. Fedrip Database, National Technical Information Service
(Mis).
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Semenov, A. D., Sapozhnikova, E. V., and Bondarenko, Yu. Yu. (Determination of pesticides in the organs and
tissues of fishes by gas chromatography technique. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Sev.-Kavk. Reg.,
Estestv. Nauki: (4), 65-67 CODEN: IVUNE6; ISSN: 1026-2237.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Senseman, S. A. ( Solid-Phase Extraction Techniques For Pesticides In Water Samples. Fedrip Database,
National Technical Information Service (Ntis).
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Sentchev, Alexei, Yaremchuk, Max, and Lyard, Florent (2006). Residual circulation in the English Channel as a
dynamically consistent synthesis of shore-based observations of sea level and currents. Continental
Shelf Research 26: 1884-1904.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
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Seo, D. J., Perica, S., Welles, E., and Schaake, J. C. (2000). Simulation of precipitation fields from
probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast. Journal of Hydrology 239: 203-229.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Serbin, Guy and Or, Dani (2005). Ground-penetrating radar measurement of crop and surface water content
dynamics. Remote Sensing of Environment 96'. 119-134.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Serrano, R., Lopez, F. J., and Hernandez, F. (1999). Multiresidue determination of persistent organochlorine
and organophosphorus compounds in whale tissues using automated liquid chromatographic clean
up and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 855: 633-643 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Serrano, R., Lopez, F. J., Hernandez, F., and Pena, J. B. (Bioconcentration of chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos,
and methidation in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1997) 59: 968-975
CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Serrano, R., Lopez, F. J., Hernandez, F., and Pena, J. B. (1997). Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos,
Chlorfenvinphos, and Methidathion in Mytilus Galloprovincialis. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 59:
968-975 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,MDT Rejection Code: MIXTURE .
Serrano, R., Lopez, F. J., Roig-Navarro, A., and Hernandez, F. (1997). Automated sample clean-up and
fractionation of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl and metabolites in ***mussels*** using
normal-phase liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 778: 151-160 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Serrano, Roque, Hernandez, Felix, Van der Hoff, G. Rene, and Van Zoonen, Piet ( Sample clean-up and
fractionation of organophosphorus pesticide residues in ***mussels*** using normal-phase LC.
Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. (1998) 70: 3-18 CODEN: IJEAA3; ISSN: 0306-7319.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Sesline, D., Ames, R. G., and Howd, R. A. (1994). Irritative And Systemic Symptoms Following Exposure To
Microban Disinfectant Through A School Ventilation System. Archives Of Environmental Health
49: 439-444 .
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Shah, H. I. (1995). Clinical Presentation Treatment And Utility Of Blood Cholinesterase Activity Estimation In
33 Cases Of Industrial Organophosphorus Poisoning. Indian Journal Of Industrial Medicine 41: 77-
79.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Shaker, Nader, Abdel-Ghany, M., and El-Shoura, M. (Interaction of pesticides with three biochemical targets
[enzymes] of earthworm. Alexandria Sci. Exch. (1986) 7: 483-500 CODEN: ALSEEF.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Shaker, Nader, Abu Donia, S. A., Salam, A. E., Abdel Shaheed, Y., and Ismail, A. (Fate of different
insecticides in dairy products. Alexandria Sci. Exch. (1985) 6: 176-84 CODEN: ALSEEF.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Shalash, S. and Khristeva-Mircheva, V. ( Changes in some hematological indexes of workers exposed to
organophosphate pesticides in Algeria. Khig. Zdraveopaz. (1984) 27: 541-4 CODEN: KHZDAN;
ISSN: 0018-8247.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Shao, Yun, Fan, Xiangtao, Liu, Hao, Xiao, Jianhua, Ross, S., Brisco, B., Brown, R., and Staples, G. (2001).
Rice monitoring and production estimation using multitemporal RADARS AT. Remote Sensing of
Environment 76: 310-325.
Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Sharma, R. P. and Obersteiner, E. J. ( Cytotoxic responses of selected insecticides in chick ganglia cultures.
CanJCompMed; 45 (1). 1981. 60-69.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sharom, M. S., Miles, J. R. W., Harris, C. R., and McEwen, F. L. (1980). Behaviour of 12 Insecticides in Soil and
Aqueous Suspensions of Soil and Sediment. Water Res. 14: 1095-1100.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MVP,CBF,CBL,DZ,HCCH,PRN,CPY,DDT,DLD,EN,ETN
Rejection Code: FATE.
Sharom, M. S., Miles, J. R. W., Harris, C. R., and McEwen, F. L. (1980). Persistence of 12 Insecticides in Water.
Water Res. 14: 1089-1093.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBF,MVP,CBL,DZ,CPY,ETN,EN,DLD,PRN,DDT,HCCH
Rejection Code: FATE.
Shaw, Anugrah and Hill, Kenneth R. (Effect of exposure time on the sorption of pesticide emulsifiable
concentrates through microporous fabrics . Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. (1991) 46: 45-52
CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Shaw, Melanie and Muller, Jochen F. (2005). Preliminary evaluation of the occurrence of herbicides and PAHs
in the Wet Tropics region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, using passive samplers: 4th
International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:
876-881.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Shaw, William J., Christopher Doran, J., and Coulter, Richard L. (2005). Boundary-layer evolution over
Phoenix, Arizona and the premature mixing of pollutants in the early morning. Atmospheric
Environment 39: 773-786.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Sheldon, Linda S. and Berry, Maurice (1996). Evaluating food contamination scenarios for dietary exposure
studies. Meas. Toxic Relat. Air Pollut. Proc. Int. Spec. Conf. Publisher: Air & Waste Management
Association, Pittsburgh, Pa. CODEN: 65IHA2 844-855 .
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Shen, K. (1997). Production and Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Organophosphate Pesticides
for Residue Analysis. Ph.D.Thesis, Mississippi State Univ., MS 158 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,DZ,DS,CPYO Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Shen, K. (1997). Production and Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Organophosphate Pesticides
for Residue Analysis. Ph.D.Thesis, Mississippi State Univ., MS 158 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PRN,DZ,DS,CPYO Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Shen, Y. J., Hong, Y. F., Hong, Q., Jiang, X., and Li, S. P. ([Isolation, Identification and Characteristics of a
Phoxim-DegradingBacteriumXsp-1]. Huanjingkexue. 2007, dec; 28(12):2833-7. [Huanjingke
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xue " bianji wei yuan hui.]]: Huan Jing Ke Xue.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Sherblom, P. M., Kelly, D., and Pierce, R. H. (1995). Baseline Survey Of Pesticide And Pah Concentrations
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From Sarasota Bay Florida Usa. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30: 568-573.
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Sherman, J. D. ( Organophosphate Pesticides Neurological And Respiratory Toxicity. Toxicology And
Industrial Health, Vol. 11, No. 1, Pages 33-39, 14 References, 1995.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Sherman, J. D. (1996). Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)-Associated Birth Defects: Report Of Four Cases. Archives Of
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Sherman, Janette D. ( Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)-associated birth defects: a proposed syndrome, report of four
cases, and discussion of the toxicology. Int. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. (1995) Volume Date 1995, 4:
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
TMP,CBF,PMR,FNT,CYH,CYP,DM,FNTH,CPY,DZ,Naled,PIRM,MLN Rejection Code: NON-
ENGLISH.
Shim, J. C., Hong, H. K., and Lee, D. K. (1995). Susceptibilities of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Larvae (Culicidae,
Diptera) to Insecticides. Korean J.Entomol. 25: 13-20 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
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Shulman, I., Wu, C. R., Lewis, J. K., Paduan, J. D., Rosenfeld, L. K., Kindle, J. C., Ramp, S. R., and Collins, C.
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Decis Combined Action. Toxicol.Lett. 95: 146 (doi: 10.1016/80378-4274(98)80580-8) (ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PYT.CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Shupe, Scott M. and Marsh, Stuart E. (2004). Cover- and density-based vegetation classifications of the
Sonoran Desert using Landsat TM and ERS-1 SAR imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 93:
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Shurdut, Bradley A., Barraj, Leila, and Francis, Marcie ( Aggregate exposures under the food quality protection
act: An approach using Chlorpyrifos. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. (1998) 28: 165-177 CODEN:
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Across Levels of Biological Organization: Examples Using Organophosphorus Insecticide Mixtures
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Sidorenko, 0. D. and Aristarkhova, V. I. (1976). Effect of a Chlorinated Mixture of Pyridines on the Microflora of
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Sidorov, K. K. and Golubovich, E. Ya (1991). Maximum Permissible Concentrations Of Harmful Substances In
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Siebers, J. and Gottschild, D. (1998). Pesticides In The Atmosphere-Entry Exposure Deposition Modelling.
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109p. Parey Buchverlag Berlin: Berlin, Germany. Isbn 3-8263-3200-8.; 0: 7-25.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Siebers, J., Gottschild, D., and Nolting, H. G. (1994). Pesticides In Precipitation In Northern Germany.
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Silveira, Carmen L. P., Eldefrawi, Amira T., and Eldefrawi, Mohyee E. (Putative M2 muscarinic receptors of
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household dust and soil: exposure pathways for children of agricultural families. Environ. Health
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Simonsen, L. and Lund, S. P. (1992). A Strategy For Delineating Risks Due To Exposure To Neurotoxic
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Sims, G. K., O'loughlin, E. J., and Crawford, R. L. (1989). Degradation Of Pyridines In The Environment. Crit
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Simwat, G. S. and Dhawan, A. K. (1993). Phytotoxic Effect Of Spraying Mixtures Of Systemic And Contact
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biodegradation of organophosphorus compounds in soils: Dependence on structural similarity of
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Singh, K. K., Singh, J. N, Lai, S. K., and Sharma, S. K. (2007). Seed Treatment with Chloropyriphos on Field
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Singh, Pratap B. and Singh, Vandana (2008). Pesticide bioaccumulation and plasma sex steroids in fishes during
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MOM,ADC,CBF,DMT,AZD,CYP,FVL,MTM,MP,MLN,FNT,FNTH,DDW,DZ,CPY,ACE,HPT,H
CCH,MVP,PRT,PHSL,PPHD,DM,PMR Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Percent And 50 Percent Phenyl Substitution For The Separation Of Organophosphorus And
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Sivasithamparam, K. (1969). Some Effects of an Insecticide ('Dursban') and a Weedicide ('Linuron') on the
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Skowronski, Gloria A. and Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed S. (Interspecies comparison of kinetic data of
chlorinated chemicals of potential relevance to risk assessment. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. (1997) 3:
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635-653 CODEN: HERAFR; ISSN: 1080-7039.
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Skrbić and B ( Organochlorine and Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Wheat Varieties From Serbia.
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Gas And Liquid Chromatography With A Single Mass Spectrometric Detector For The Automated
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Slotkin, T. A. (2005). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphates: a Case Study of Chlorpyrifos. In:
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Slotkin, T. A. (2005). Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphates: a Case Study of Chlorpyrifos. In:
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Nuerotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos: a Mechanisms-Based Approach in PC 12 Cells. Environ.Health
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Slotkin, T. A., Mackillop, E. A., Ryde, I. T., Tate, C. A., and Seidler, F. J. ( Screening for Developmental
Neurotoxicity Using Pcl2 Cells: Comparisons of Organophosphates With a Carbamate, an
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synthesis in PC12 cells. Reply to comments. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1999) 156: 78-79 CODEN:
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Slotkin, Theodore A. (2004). Cholinergic systems in brain development and disruption by neurotoxicants:
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Smith, J. A., Saunders, J., and Koehler, P. G. ( Combined Effects of Termiticides and Mechanical Stress on
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Smith, Michael B., Koren, Victor I., Zhang, Ziya, Reed, Seann M., Pan, Jeng-J., and Moreda, Fekadu (2004).
Runoff response to spatial variability in precipitation: an analysis of observed data: The Distributed
Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP). Journal of Hydrology 298: 267-286.
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Smith, Michael B., Seo, Dong-Jun, Koren, Victor I., Reed, Seann M., Zhang, Ziya, Duan, Qingyun, Moreda,
Fekadu, and Cong, Shuzheng (2004). The distributed model intercomparison project (DMIP):
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of Hydrology 298: 4-26.
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Smith, Milton R., Thomas, Nancy J., and Hulse, Craig (Application of brain cholinesterase reactivation to
differentiate between organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure in wild birds. J. Wildl.
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Smith, R. A., Tramontin, R. R., Poonacha, K. B., and Petrites-Murphy, M. B. (1995). Carbofuran (Furadan)
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and Water Resources. Journal of Hydrology 282: 2-9.
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Smith, S. J., Sharpley, A. N., Coleman, G. A., and Webb, B. B. (1994). Water Quality Impacts Associated With
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Smith, T. J. and Soderlund, D. M. (2001). Potent Actions of the Pyrethroid Insecticides Cismethrin and
Cypermethrin on Rat Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Peripheral Nerve (Sns/Pn3) Sodium Channels
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Smolen, J. M. and Stone, A. T. (1995). Assessing The Role Of Metal Species In The Hydrolysis Of Commonly
Used Organophosphorus Ester Pesticides. 209th American Chemical Society National Meeting,
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Snow, K. R. (1987). Control of Mosquito Nuisance in Britain. J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 3: 271-275.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,DDT,PIRM,HCCH,DZ,TMT,SMT,BDC,CPYM,PMR
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Snow, K. R. (1987). Control of Mosquito Nuisance in Britain. J.Am.Mosq.ControlAssoc. 3: 271-275.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,DDT,PIRM,HCCH,DZ,TMT,SMT,BDC,CPYM,PMR
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Sobti, R. C., Krishan, A., Pfaffenberger, C., Mansell, P. W. A., and Davies, J. ( Cytogenetic Monitoring Of
Environmental Pollutants In South Florida. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 22:110; 1981.
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Sofuoglu, Aysun, Cetin, Eylem, Bozacioglu, Sevde Seza, Sener, Gaye Devrim, and Odabasi, Mustafa (2004).
Short-term variation in ambient concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of organochlorine
pesticides in Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric Environment 38: 4483-4493.
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Sogorb, M. A., GarcÍ, A-ArgÜ, Elles, S., Carrera, V., and Vilanova, E. ( Serum Albumin Is as
Efficient as Paraxonase in the Detoxication of Paraoxon at Toxicologically Relevant Concentrations.
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Sokol, Zbynek (2003). Utilization of regression models for rainfall estimates using radar-derived rainfall data
and rain gauge data. Journal oj'Hydrology 278: 144-152.
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Sokol, Zbynek (2006). Nowcasting of 1-h precipitation using radar and NWP data: Measurement and
Parameterization of Rainfall Microstructure. Journal of Hydrology 328: 200-211.
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Sole, M., Porte, C., Barcelo, D., and Albaiges, J. (Bivalves residue analysis for the assessment of coastal
pollution in the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean). Mar. Pollut. Bull. (2000) 40: 746-753 CODEN:
MPNBAZ; ISSN: 0025-326X.
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Solomon, G. M. and Moodley, J. ( Acute Chlorpyrifos Poisoning in Pregnancy: a Case Report, din toxicol
(phila). 2007, may; 45(4):416-9. [Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, pa.)]: Clin Toxicol (Phila).
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Solomon, K. R., Giddings, J. M., and Maund, S. J. (2001). Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Cotton Pyrethroids:
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Solomon, K. R., Giesy, J. P., Kendall, R. J., Best, L. B., Coats, J. R., Dixon, K. R., Hooper, M. J., Kenaga, E. E.,
and McMurry, S. T. (2001). Chlorpyrifos: Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Birds and
Mammals in Corn Agroecosystems. Hum.Ecol.RiskAssess. 7: 497-632.
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Solomon, K. R., Giesy, J. P., Kendall, R. J., Best, L. B., Coats, J. R., Dixon, K. R., Hooper, M. J., Kenaga, E.
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Mammals in Corn Agroecosystems. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 7: 497-632.
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Solomon, K., Giesy, J., and Jones, P. (2000). Probabilistic risk assessment of agrochemicals in the
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Soloviev, Alexander, Donelan, Mark, Graber, Hans, Haus, Brian, and Schlussel, Peter (2007). An approach to
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International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces - Selected papers from the 37th
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Somasundaram, L. and Coats, J. R. (1988). Role Of Hydrolysis Products In The Development Of Enhanced
Degradation Of Soil Applied Pesticides. 196th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Los
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Somasundaram, L. and Coats, J. R. (1990). Influence Of Pesticide Metabolites On The Development Of
Enhanced Biodegradation. Racke, K. D. AndJ. R. Coats (Ed.). Acs (American Chemical Society)
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National Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida, Usa, September 10-15, 1989. X+302p. American
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Somasundaram, L. and Coats, J. R. (1991). Interactions Between Pesticides And Their Major Degradation
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Society: Washington, D.c., Usa. Illus. Isbn 0-8412-1994-X.; 0: 162-171.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Somasundaram, L., Coats, J. R., Racke, K. D., and Stahr, H. M. (Application of the Microtox system to assess
the toxicity of pesticides and their hydrolysis metabolites. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1990)
44: 254-9 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
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Somasundaram, L., Racke, K. D., and Coats, J. R. (Effect of manuring on the persistence and degradation of
soil insecticides. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1987) 39: 579-86 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN:
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Son, Young-Tae, Lee, Sang-Ho, Kim, Chang-Soo, Chul Lee, Jae, and Lee, Gwang-Hee (2007). Surface current
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Song, X., Violin, J. D., Seidler, F. J., and Slotkin, T. A. (Modeling the developmental neurotoxicity of
chlorpyrifos in vitro: macromolecule synthesis in PC12 cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1998)
151: 182-191 CODEN: TXAPA9; ISSN: 0041-008X.
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Song, Xiao-ou, Lin, Fan, Jiang, Youchun, Liu, Xiaorong, Zhang, Peihou, and Liu, Yuqing (Mutagenicity of 19
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Soto, A. M., Sonnenschein, C., Chung, K. L., Fernandez, M. F., Olea, N, and Serrano, F. 0. (1995). The E-
Screen Assay As A Tool To Identify Estrogens: An Update On Estrogenic Environmental Pollutants.
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Southwick, L. M. and Fouss, J. L. (2000). Influence Of Subsurface Drains On Runoff Of Sediment And Soil-
Applied Pesticides And On Pesticide Soil Persistence. 219th Meeting Of The American Chemical
Society., San Francisco, California, Usa, March 26-30, 2000.yabstracts Of Papers American
Chemical Society 219: Agro 76.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Soutwick, L. M., Willis, G. H., Fouss, J. L., Rogers, J. S., and Carter, C. E. (1997). Water Table Management
Effect On Runoff Losses Of Soil-Applied Pesticides. 213th National Meeting Of The American
Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, Usa, April 13-17, 1997. Abstracts Of Papers American
Chemical Society 213: Agro 101.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Souza da Silva, R., Cognato, G. P., Vuaden, F. C., Rezende, M. F., Thiesen, F. V., Fauth, M. G., Bogo, M. R.,
Bonan, C. D., and Dias, R. D. (2003). Different Sensitivity of Ca2+-Atpase and Cholinesterase to
Pure and Commercial Pesticides in Nervous Ganglia of Phyllocaulis Soleiformis (Mollusca).
Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 135: 215-220.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Spann, M. F., Blondell, J. M., and Hunting, K. L. (2000). Acute Hazards To Young Children From Residential
Pesticide Exposures. American Journal Of 'Public Health 90: 971-973.
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Spaull, A. M., Clements, R. 0., Ridout, M. S., and Mewton, P. G. (1986). Ryegrass Establishment and Yield in
Relation to Pesticide Treatment, Irrigation and Fertilizer Level. Ann.Appl.Biol. 109: 353-363.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PCZ,CPY,MCB,OML Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Spessert, R., Rapp, M., and Vollrath, L. (2001). Serine/Threonine Phosphatase Inhibitors Decrease Adrenergic
Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase Induction in the Rat Pineal Gland. J.Neuroendocrinol. 13: 581-
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Spieszalski, W. W., Niemczyk, H. D., and Shetlar, D. J. (1994). Sorption of Chlorpyrifos and Fonofos on Four
Soils and Turfgrass Thatch Using Membrane Filters. J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 29: 1117-1136.
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Spieszalski, W. W., Niemczyk, H. D., and Shetlar, D. J. (1994). Sorption Of Chlorpyrifos And Fonofos On Four
Soils And Turfgrass Thatch Using Membrane Filters. Journal Of Environmental Science And
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Spynu, E. I., Sova, R. E., Stroi, A. N., and Fedorishchak, T. A. (1988 ). Hygienic Substantiation Of The
Maximum Allowable Concentration Of Dursban In The Soil. Gig Sanit 0: 73-74.
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Srinivas, R., Shamsundar, G. S., Jayalakshmi, S. K., and Sreeramulu, K. (2005). Effect of Insecticides and
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Inhibitors on P-Glycoprotein Atpase (M-Type) Activity of Resistant Pest Helicoverpa Armigera.
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SRUDomagalski, J. (1997). Results Of A Prototype Surface Water Network Design For Pesticides Developed
For The San Joaquin River Basin, California. Journal Of Hydrology (Amsterdam) 192: 33-50.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Stabel, E. and Fischer, P. (2001 ). Satellite radar interferometric products for the urban application domain.
Advances in Environmental Research 5: 425-433.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Stamer, J. K. and Wieczorek, M. E. (1996). Pesticide Distribution In Surface Water. American Water Works
Association Journal 88: 79-87.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Stamper, J. H., Nigg, H. N, Mahon, W. D., Nielsen, A. P., and Royer, M. D. (Pesticide exposure to a
greenhouse drencher. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42: 209-17 CODEN: BECTA6; ISSN:
0007-4861.
Rejection Code: HUM AN HEALTH.
Stamper, J. H., Nigg, H. N., Mahon, W. D., Nielsen, A. P., and Royer, M. D. (Pesticide exposure to greenhouse
handgunners. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 18: 515-29 CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-
4341.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Stamper, James H., Nigg, Herbert N., Mahon, W. Daniel, Nielsen, Alan P., and Royer, Michael D. (Applicator
exposure to fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos, captan, and chlorothalonil in Florida ornamentals. J. Agric.
FoodChem. (1989) 37: 240-4 CODEN: JAFCAU; ISSN: 0021-8561.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Stansley, William (Field results using cholinesterase reactivation techniques to diagnose acute
anticholinesterase poisoning in birds and fish. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1993) 25 : 315-21
CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
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Starrett, S. K., Christians, N. E., and Austin, T. A. (1996). Movement Of Pesticides Under Two Irrigation
Regimes Applied To Turfgrass. Journal Of Environmental Quality 25: 566-571.
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Starrett, S. K., Starrett, S. K., Najjar, Y., Adams, G., and Hill, J. (1998). Modeling Pesticide Leaching From
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Stashchuk, Nataliya and Vlasenko, Vasiliy (2005). Topographic generation of internal waves by nonlinear
superposition of tidal harmonics. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 52:
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Salinity Variation and Pesticide Exposure on an Estuarine Harpacticoid Copepod, Microarthridion
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,DDT Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
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Sam and Mfc Microcosms Exposed to Toxicants. In: U.M.Cowgill andL.R. Williams (Eds.), Aquatic
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PAH,ATZ,CPY Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Steenland, K. (1996). Chronic Neurological Effects Of Organophosphate Pesticides. British Medical Journal
312: 1312-1313.
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Steenland, Kyle, Dick, Robert B., Howell, Ronald J., Chrislip, David W., Hines, Cynthia J., Reid, Thomas M.,
Lehman, Everett, Laber, Patty, Krieg, Edward F. Jr., and Knott, Charles (Neurologic function
among termiticide applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos. Environ. Health Perspect. (2000) 108: 293-
300 CODEN: EVHPAZ; ISSN: 0091-6765.
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Stein, R., Ando, C., and White, J. (1992). Monitoring Regional Aerial Movement And Deposition Of Three
Organophosphate Pesticides. 203rd Acs (American Chemical Society) National Meeting, San
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Stein, W. and Gorham, J. R. (1994). New Results About Stored-Product Protection (Animal Pests). Vi.
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Steinwandter, H. (1988). Contributions To The Application Of Gel Chromatography In Residue Analysis li. A
New Gel Chromatographic System Using Acetone For The Separation Of Pesticide Residues And
Industrial Chemicals. Fresenius Z Anal Chem 331: 499-502.
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Stephan, C. E., Mount, D. I., Hansen, D. J., Gentile, J. H., Chapman, G. A., and Brungs, W. A. (1985). Guidelines
for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
NYP,TBT,Cr,CN,As,ACL,ACE,ACY,ADC,NH,Al,Ag,Cd,Se,ATZ,DZ,Pb,Ni,Zn,TCDD,NaCl,CPY,
MTB Rejection Code: METHODS.
Stephens, David (2001). Stipend increase for British PhD students. Trends in Cell Biology 11: 59-302.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Steurbaut, W., Dejonckheere, W., and Drieghe, S. (Pesticide residues after aerial application in greenhouses.
Meded. - Fac. Landbouwkd. Toegepaste Biol. Wet. (Univ. Gent) (1995) 60: 599-609 CODEN:
MFLBER.
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Stevens, Gwen R., Rogue, Jamie, Weber, Richard, and Clark, Larry (2000). Evaluation of a radar-activated,
demand-performance bird hazing system. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 45: 129-
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Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Stevens, Nicki F., Garbeil, Harold, and Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. (2004 ). NASA EOS Terra ASTER: Volcanic
topographic mapping and capability. Remote Sensing of Environment 90: 405-414.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
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Stevens, P. J. G., Walker, J. T. S., Shaw, P. W., and Suckling, D. M. (1994). Organosilicone Surfactants: Tools
for Horticultural Crop Protection. In: Brighton Crop Prot.Conf.- Pests and Disease, Conf., Nov.21-
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TDF,Captan,CPY,AZ,DOD,CBL,FUZ Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Stevens, P. S., Steven, D., Malcolm, C., and Holland, P. T. (1993). Reducing Pesticide Residues on Kiwifruit.
Proc.46th N.Z.PlantProt.Conf. 62-66.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,PSM,PMR,CPY Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Stevens, P. S., Steven, D., Malcolm, C., and Holland, P. T. (1993). Reducing Pesticide Residues on Kiwifruit.
Proc.46th N.Z.Plant Prot.Conf. 62-66.
Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Stimmann, M. W. and Ferguson, M. P. (1990). Potential Pesticide Use Cancellations in California. Calif.Agric.
44: 12-16.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CLP,PAQT,MLN,CBF,DU,PRT,Naled,MOM,MDT,ETN,ES,DMT,DZ,CPY,AZ,PPHD,PSM,PMR,
PRN,CYP,ACP,TFN,ODZ,LNR,ATZ,ACR,TPM,SZ,PMT,Captan,CTN,Folpet,MZB,Maneb,MEM,
Zineb,DDW,HCCH,BMY,DINO,PNB,TBA,24DXY,MFD,MTL,OYZ Rejection Code: NO TOX
DATA.
Stimmann, M. W. and Ferguson, M. P. (1990). Progress Report Vice President's Task Force On Pest Control
Alternatives Potential Pesticide Use Cancellations In California Usa. Calif Agric 44: 12-16.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DAT A.
Stoffregen, H., Zenker, T., and Wessolek, G. (2002). Accuracy of soil water content measurements using
ground penetrating radar: comparison of ground penetrating radar and lysimeter data. Journal of
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Stok, J. E., Huang, H., Jones, P. D., Wheelock, C. E., Morisseau, C., and Hammock, B. D. (2004).
Identification, Expression, and Purification of a Pyrethroid-Hydrolyzing Carboxylesterase From
Mouse Liver Microsomes. J.Biol.Chem. 279: 29863-29869.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Stone, J. F., Higby, P., and Stahr, H. M. (Pesticide residues in clothing: case study of clothing worn under
protective cotton coveralls. J. Environ. Health (1992) 55: 10-13 CODEN: JEVHAH; ISSN: 0022-
0892.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Stone, Janis F. and Stahr, H. Michael (Pesticide residues in clothing. Case study of a Midwestern farmer's
coverall contamination. J. Environ. Health (1989) 51: 273-6 CODEN: JEVHAH; ISSN: 0022-0892.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Stratton, G. W. (1987). The Effects of Pesticides and Heavy Metals Towards Phototrophic Microorganisms. In:
E.Hodgson (Ed.), Reviews in Environmental Toxicology 3, Elsevier Science Publishers 71-147.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
SZ,Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,AND,ATZ,HCCH,CNL,CHD,CPY,DDT,DLD,ES,HPT,PRN,LNR
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Struger John and Fletcher, T. i. m. (2007). Occurrence of Lawn Care and Agricultural Pesticides in the Don River
and Humber River Watersheds (1998-2002). Journal of Great Lakes Research [J. Great Lakes
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Struger, J., Bishop, C. A., Pettit, K. E., and Tse, H. (1993). Environmental Fate and Effects of Organophosphorus
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Nov. 14-18, 1993, Houston, TX151.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,AZ,TBO,FNF,MLN,DZ Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Subramanian, Vijay, Burks, Thomas F., and Arroyo, A. A. (2006). Development of machine vision and laser
radar based autonomous vehicle guidance systems for citrus grove navigation. Computers and
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Suckling, D. M. and Shaw, P. W. (1992). Conditions That Favor Mating Disruption of Epiphyas Postvittana
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Environ.Entomol. 21: 949-956.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZ,CP Y Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Sudderuddin, K. I. and Lim, L. F. (1978). In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Several Insecticides on Non-Specific
Esterases of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Palembus dermestoides (Fairm). Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DD VP,MOM,CPY,PIM Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sudderuddin, K. I. and Lim, L. F. (1978). In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Several Insecticides on Non-Specific
Esterases of Sitophilus Oryzae (L.) And Palembus Dermestoides (Fairm.). Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DD VP,MOM,CPY,PIM Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Suett, D. L., Fournier, J. C., Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, E., Pussemier, L., and Smelt, J. (1996). Accelerated
Degradation: the European Dimension. Soil Biol.Biochem. 28: 1741-1748.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
CBD,PNB,MB,BTY,VNT,MLT,PZM,EPTC,OML,MITC,13DPE,PYZ,BDC,CPY,SZ,NPP,LNR,CB
F,ADC,DZ,PRT,IPD,VCZ Rejection Code: NO EFFECT.
Sugimoto, S., Nakakita, E., and Ikebuchi, S. (2001). A stochastic approach to short-term rainfall prediction
using a physically based conceptual rainfall model. Journal of Hydrology 242: 137-155.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Sullivan, J. J. (1991). Screening In Gas Chromatography With Atomic Emission Detection. Trends Anal Chem
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Sullivan, J. J., Chen, Y. G., and Goh, K. S. (2007). Performance Assessment and Validation of a Paramagnetic
Particle-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Chlorpyrifos in Agricultural Runoff
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6407-6416. Aug 2007.
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Sultatos, L. G. ( Concentration-Dependent Binding of Chlorpyrifos Oxon to Acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol sci.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Sultatos, L. G. (1994). Mammalian Toxicology Of Organophosphorus Pesticides. Journal Of Toxicology And
Environmental Health 43: 271 -289.
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Sultatos, L. G. and Murphy, S. D. (1983). Hepatic Microsomal Detoxification of the Organophospates Paraoxon
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and Chlorpyrifos Oxon in the Mouse. DrugMetab.Dispos. 11: 232-238.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP YO Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sultatos, L. G. and Murphy, S. D. (1983). Hepatic Microsomal Detoxification of the Organophospates Paraoxon
and Chlorpyrifos Oxon in the Mouse. Drug Metab.Dispos. 11: 232-238.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sultatos, L. G., Basker, K. M., Shao, M., and Murphy, S. D. ( The interaction of the phosphorothioate
insecticides Chlorpyrifos and parathion and their oxygen analogs with bovine serum albumin. Mol.
Pharmacol. (1984) 26: 99-104 CODEN: MOPMA3; ISSN: 0026-895X.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sultatos, L. G., Costa, L. G., and Murphy, S. D. (Determination of organophosphorus insecticides, their oxygen
analogs and metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography. Chromatographia (1982) 15: 669-
71 CODEN: CHRGB7; ISSN: 0009-5893.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Sultatos, Lester G. (Metabolic activation of the organophosphorus insecticides Chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion by
perfused rat liver. Toxicology (1991) 68: 1-9 CODEN: TXCYAC; ISSN: 0300-483X.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Sultatos, Lester G. and Murphy, Sheldon D. (Kinetic analyses of the microsomal biotransformation of the
phosphorothioate insecticides Chlorpyrifos and parathion. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. (1983) 3: 16-21
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Sun, F., Lin, F. Y., Wong, S. S., and Li, G. C. (1999). Accumulation of Chlorpyrifos by the Cyprinus Carpio in
Different Aquaria. Plant Prot.Bull.(Zhiwu Baohu Xuehui Huikan) 41: 155-164 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Sun, F., Wong, S. S., Li, G. C., and Chen, S. N. (2006). A preliminary assessment of consumer's exposure to
pesticide residues in fisheries products. Chemosphere 62: 674-680.
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Sun, Feei, Wong, Sue-Sun, and Li, Gwo-Chen ( Technique for detecting organophosphate pesticides residues in
aquaria. Yaowu Shipin Fenxi (1998) 6: 587-598 CODEN: YSFEEP; ISSN: 1021-9498.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Sun, G., Ranson, K. J., and Kharuk, V. I. (2002). Radiometric slope correction for forest biomass estimation
from SAR data in the Western Sayani Mountains, Siberia. Remote Sensing of Environment 79: 279-
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Sun, G., Ranson, K. J., Kharuk, V. I., and Kovacs, K. (2003). Validation of surface height from shuttle radar
topography mission using shuttle laser altimeter. Remote Sensing of Environment 88: 401-411.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Sun, X., Mein, R. G., Keenan, T. D., and Elliott, J. F. (2000). Flood estimation using radar and raingauge data.
Journal of Hydrology 239: 4-18.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Sunaga, M., Yoshida, M., and Hara, I. (1989). Metabolism and Urinary Excretion of Chlorpyrifos in Rats. Nippon
Eiseigaku Zasshi 43: 1124-1129 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
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Sunaga, M, Yoshida, M., and Kara, I. (1989). Metabolism and Urinary Excretion of Chlorpyrifos in Rats.
Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 43: 1124-1129 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Sunaga, Masahiko, Yoshida, Munehiro, Ueda, Teruko, Kosaka, Masao, and Kara, Ichiro (Relationship between
exposure to chlorpyrifos and concentration of urinary alkyl phosphates in termite control workers.
Sangyolgaku (1989) 31: 142-9 CODEN: SAIGBL; ISSN: 0047-1879.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Support Document for the Sara Section 110 "Second 100" List (Draft). Epa/ots; doc #110-881013.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Suprock, John F. and Vinopal, J. Howard (Behavior of 78 pesticides and pesticide metabolites on four different
ultra-bond gas chromatographic columns. J. -Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (1987) 70: 1014-17 CODEN:
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Suprun, E. V., Budnikov, H. C., Evtugyn, G. A., and Brainina, Kh. Z. (2004). Bi-enzyme sensor based on thick-
film carbon electrode modified with electropolymerized tyramine: Proceedings of the XVIIth
International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics. Bioelectrochemistry 63: 281-
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Susan Moran, M., Hymer, Daniel C., Qi, Jiaguo, and Sano, Edson E. (2000). Soil moisture evaluation using
multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in semiarid rangeland. Agricultural and Forest
Meteorology 105: 69-80.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Sussman, J. L. (Preparative Production of Acetylcholinesterase and Paraoxonase in Prokaryotic and Eucaryotic
Expression Systems. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 06, 2004.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Suter, G. (1993). Organism-Level Effects. Suter, G. W. li. (Ed.). Ecological Risk Assessment. Xix+5 38p. Crc
Press/Lewis Publishers Inc: Boca Raton, Florida, Usa London, England, Uk. Isbn 0-87371-875-5.;
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Suwalsky, M., Benites, M., Norris, B., and Sotomayor, C. P. (2003). The Organophosphorous Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos Affects the Neuroepithelial Junction, the Bioelectric Parameters of the Skin of the Frog
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77: 44-53.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Svoray, Tal and Shoshany, Maxim (2004). Multi-scale analysis of intrinsic soil factors from SAR-based
mapping of drying rates. Remote Sensing of Environment 92: 233-246.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Swann, J. M., Schultz, T. W., and Kennedy, J. R. ( The effects of the organophosphorus insecticides Dursban
and Lorsban on the ciliated epithelium of the frog plate in vitro. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
(1996) 30: 188-94 CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-4341.
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Swanson, M. B., Davis, G. A., Kincaid, L. E., Schultz, T. W., Bartmess, J. E., Jones, S. L., and George, E. L.
(1997). A Screening Method For Ranking And Scoring Chemicals By Potential Human Health And
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Swanson, S. M, Pickard, C. R., Freemark, K. E., and MacQuarrie, P. (1991). Testing for Pesticide Toxicity to
Aquatic Plants: Recommendations for Test Species. In: J.W.Gorsuch, W.R.Lower, W.Wang, and
M.A.Lewis (Eds.), Plants for Toxicity Assessment, 2nd Volume, ASTM STP 1115, Philadelphia, PA
77-97.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 54650
Chemical of Concern: DDT,ATZ,CBL,24D,MLN,CPY Rejection Code: METHODS.
Swanson, S. M., Pickard, C. R., Freemark, K. E., and MacQuarrie, P. (1991). Testing for Pesticide Toxicity to
Aquatic Plants: Recommendations for Test Species. In: J.W.Gorsuch, W.R.Lower, W.Wang, and
M.A.Lewis (Eds.), Plants for Toxicity Assessment, 2nd Volume, ASTM STP 1115, Philadelphia, PA
77-97.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DDT,ATZ,CBL,24D,MLN,CPY Rejection Code:
METHODS.
Szeto, S. Y. and Sundaram, K. M. S. (1982). Behavior and Degradation of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in Two Aquatic
Models. J.Agric.Food.Chem. 30: 1032-1035.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPYM,TCP Rejection Code: FATE/NO SPECIES.
Szeto, S. Y. and Sundaram, K. M. S. (1982). Behavior and Degradation of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in Two Aquatic
Models. J.Agric.Food.Chem. 30: 1032-1035.
Rejection Code: FATE/NO SPECIES.
Szeto, S. Y. and Sundaram, K. Ms (Behavior and degradation of chlorpyrifos-methyl in 2 aquatic models. J
Agric Food Chem; 30 (6). 1982. 1032-1035.
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Szeto, S. Y. and Wan, M. T. (1996). Hydrolysis Of Azadirachtin In Buffered And Natural Waters. Journal Of
Agricultural And Food Chemistry 44: 1160-1163.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Szeto, S. Y., Mackemzie, J. R., and Vernon, R. S. (1988). Comparative Persistence Of Chlorpyrifos In A
Mineral Soil After Granular And Drench Applications. J Environ Sci Health Part B Pestic Food
Contam Agric Wastes 23: 541-558.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Tabaru, Y. (1985). Studies on Chemical Control of a Nuisance Chironomid Midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) 3.
Susceptibility of Chironomus Yoshimatsui Collected From Various Rivers to the Three Kinds of
Organophosphorus Larvicides and Larval Control Trials With Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in the Fields.
Jpn.J.Sanit.Zool. 36: 303-308 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYM Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Tafuri, J. and Roberts, J. (1987). Organophosphate Poisoning. AnnEmergMed 16: 193-202.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Tait, S., Ricceri, L., Venerosi, A., Maranghi, F., Calamandrei, G., and Mantovani, A. (2008). Long-Term Effect of
Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Mice. Toxicol.Lett.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.
Tamarit-L
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Tanaka, K. (1987). 1986 Evaluation of Candidate Pesticides. (A-Ii) Insecticides: Vegetables Ornamental Crops
and Industrial Crops. Jpn.Pestic.Inf. 50: 26-36.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
EFV,DDW,ACP,FNV,PIRM,PIM,OML,PMR,IFP,FYT,EFX,CYP,CYH,BFT,CPYM,MLN,BPZ,H
TX,DCF,OML,MITC,TDC,DZ Rejection Code: NO CONC.
Tanaka, T., Hori, T., Asada, T., Oikawa, K., and Kawata, K. ( Simple One-Step Extraction and Cleanup by
Pressurized Liquid Extraction for Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Determination of
Pesticides in Green Leafy Vegetables. J chromatogr a. 2007, dec 21; 1175(2): 181-6. [Journal of
chromatography. A]: J Chromatogr A.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Tang, B., Zhang, J. E., Zang, L. G., Zhang, Y. Z., Li, X. Y., and Zhou, L. (2005). Determination of Nine
Organophosphorus Pesticides in Cereals and Kidney Beans by Capillary Gas Chromatography With
Flame Photometric Detection. J.Chromatogr.Sci. 43 : 337-341.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLN,PRN,MP,EP,PRT,DZ,CPY Rejection Code:
METHODS.
Tang, B., Zhang, J. E., Zang, L. G., Zhang, Y. Z., Li, X. Y., and Zhou, L. (2005). Determination of Nine
Organophosphorus Pesticides in Cereals and Kidney Beans by Capillary Gas Chromatography With
Flame Photometric Detection. J.Chromatogr.Sci. 43: 337-341.
Rejection Code: METHODS.
Tarbah, F. A., Shaheen, A. M., Benomran, F. A., Hassan, A. L, and Daldrup, T. (Distribution of Dimethoate in
the Body After a Fatal Organophosphate Intoxication. Forensic sci int. 2007, aug 6; 170(2-3): 129-
32. [Forensic science international]: Forensic Sci Int.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Tarone, Robert E., Alavanja, Michael C. R., Zahm, Shelia Hoar, Lubin, Jay H., Sandier, Dale P., Mcmaster,
Suzanne B., Rothman, Nathaniel, and Blair, Aaron ( The agricultural health study: factors affecting
completion and return of self-administered questionnaires in a large prospective cohort study of
pesticide applicators. Am. J. Ind. Med. (1997) 31: 233-242 CODEN: AJIMD8; ISSN: 0271-3586.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Tarrant, K. A., Field, S. A., Langton, S. D., and Hart, A. D. M. (1997). Effects on Earthworm Populations of
Reducing Pesticide Use in Arable Crop Rotations. Soil Biol.Biochem. 29: 657-661.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PIM,OMT,CPY,ADC,FUZ,CBD Rejection Code:
MIXTURE/NO CONC.
Tarrant, K. A., Field, S. A., Langton, S. D., and Hart, A. D. M. (1997). Effects on Earthworm Populations of
Reducing Pesticide Use in Arable Crop Rotations. Soil Biol.Biochem. 29: 657-661.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PIM,OMT,CPY,ADC,FUZ,CBD Rejection Code:
MIXTURE/NO CONC.
Tashiro, Yuji (1992). The microbial ecosystem might be affected badly by agricultural chemicals which are
sprayed on golf courses. Kyushu Kyoritsu Daigaku Kenkyu Hokoku Kogakubu 16:131-41 .
Rejection Code: YEAST.
Taylor, Scott M. (1998). Receiving water quality monitoring for assessment of storm water runoff impacts. A
case study. Water Resour. Eng. 98 Proc. Int. Conf. Editor(s): Abt, Steven R.; Young-Pezeshk, Jayne;
Watson, Chester C. Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Va. CODEN: 67MOAN
2: 1577-1582.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Teatini, Pietro, Tosi, Luigi, Strozzi, Tazio, Carbognin, Laura, Wegmuller, Urs, and Rizzetto, Federica (2005).
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Mapping regional land displacements in the Venice coastland by an integrated monitoring system.
Remote Sensing of Environment 98: 403-413.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Tejada, A. W., Varca, L. M, Calumpang, S. M. F., and Bajet, C. M. (Pesticide residues in foods effected by
crop protection practices. ASEANFood J. (1995) Volume Date 1995, 10: 94-8 CODEN: AFJOEQ;
ISSN: 0127-7324.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Tejada, A. W., Varca, L. M., Ocampo, P., Bajet, C. M., and Magallona, E. D. (1993). Fate And Residues Of
Pesticides In Rice Production. InternationalJournal Of Pest Management 39: 281-287.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Teller, Carsten, Hal(3mek, Jan, Zerav0k, Jiri, St-cklein, Walter F. M., and Scheller, Frieder W. (2008-).
Development of a bifunctional sensor using haptenized acetylcholinesterase and application for the
detection of cocaine and organophosphates. 24: 111-117.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Tepper, J. S., Moser, V. C., Costa, D. L., Mason, M. A., Roache, N, Guo, Z., and Dyer, R. S. (1995).
Toxicological And Chemical Evaluation Of Emissions From Carpet Samples. American Industrial
Hygiene Association Journal 56: 158-170.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Terasawa, Junichi, Tsukioka, Tadashi, Miyajima, Isao, and Takeda, Youichi (Pesticides used in golf courses of
Nagano Prefecture. Nagano-ken Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku (1991) 14, 49-53 CODEN:
NKEHDL; ISSN: 0387-9070.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Teraswa, Junichi, Kakegawa, Hideo, and Kondou, Humio ( Characteristics of run-off of pesticides from golf
course. Kankyo Kagaku (1993) 3: 340-1 CODEN: KKAGEY.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Terblanche, D. E., Pegram, G. G. S., and Mittermaier, M. P. (2001). The development of weather radar as a
research and operational tool for hydrology in South Africa. Journal of Hydrology 241: 3-25.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Terenius, 0. and Akerblom, M. (1997). Evaporated Extracts Of Samples For Pesticide Residue Analysis
Simplifies Transport From Remote Places. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And
Toxicology 58: 341-347.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Thapinta, A. and Hudak, P. F. (2000). Pesticide Use And Residual Occurrence In Thailand. Environmental
Monitoring And Assessment 60: 103-114.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Tharr, D. and Ed (Indoor Environmental Quality In A School Building: Identification Of A Problem And
Mitigation. Applied Occupational And Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 6, No. 10, Pages836/838, 1991.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Thielen, J., Boudevillain, B., and Andrieu, H. (2000). A radar data based short-term rainfall prediction model
for urban areas - a simulation using meso-scale meteorological modelling. Journal of Hydrology
239:97-114.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Thieme, Michele, Lehner, Bernhard, Abell, Robin, Hamilton, Stephen K., Kellndorfer, Josef, Powell, George,
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and Riveros, Juan Carlos (2007). Freshwater conservation planning in data-poor areas: An example
from a remote Amazonian basin (Madre de Dios River, Peru and Bolivia). Biological Conservation
135:484-501.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Thier, H. P. and Zeumer, H. (1987). Manual Of Pesticide Residue Analysis Vol. 1. Thier, H.-P. AndH. Zeumer
(Ed). Manual Of Pesticide Residue Analysis, Vol. l.Xvi+432p. Vch Publishers, Inc.: New York,
New York, Usa Weinheim, West Germany. Illus. Isbn 0-89573-592-X; Isbn 3-527-27010-8.; 0:
Xvi+432p.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Thiere, G. and Schulz, R. (2004). Runoff-Related Agricultural Impact in Relation to Macroinvertebrate
Communities of the Lourens River, South Africa. Water Res. 38: 3092-3102.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES.MLN.CPY.AZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Thomas, C. R. and Robinson, W. H. (1994). Dispersion Of Chlorpyrifos In Soil Beneath Concrete Slabs.
Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 53: 1-6.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Thomas, Jibu, Raj Kumar, R., and Mandal, A. K. A. (2006). Metabolite profiling and characterization of
somaclonal variants in tea (Camellia spp.) for identifying productive and quality accession.
Phytochemistry 61: 1136-1142.
Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Thomas, M., Korth, W., Foster, S., and Mccorkelle, G. (1998). Dissipation Of Pesticides In Irrigation Drainage
From Mixed Rice And Maize Crops In The Willbriggie Catchment, Nsw Australia. Australasian
Journal Of Ecotoxicology 4: 75-84.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Thompson, A. R. (1973). Pesticide Residues in Soil Invertebrates. In: Edwards,C.A.(Ed) Environmental Pollution
by Pesticides, PlenumPress, London and NY 87-133.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH,PCB,HPT,MXC,EN,DLD,CMD,CBZ,AND,DDT
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA/REVIEW.
Thompson, T. S. and Treble, R. G. (1996). Solid Phase Extraction And Gc-Ms Techniques For The
Confirmation Of Chlorpyrifos Contamination Of Surface Water Supplies. Bulletin Of
Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 57: 525-531.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ticha, J., Hajslova, J., Kovalczuk, T., Jech, M., Honzicek, J., Kocourek, V., Lansky, M., Kloutvorova, J., and
Falta, V. ( Safe Apples for Baby-Food Production: Survey of Pesticide Treatment Regimes Leaving
Minimum Residues. Food addit contam. 2007, jun; 24(6):605-20. [Food additives and
contaminants]: Food Addit Contam.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Ticha, Jana, Hajslova, Jana, Jech, Martin, Honzicek, Jiri, Lacina, Ondrej, Kohoutkova, Jana, Kocourek, Vladimir,
Lansky, Miroslav, Kloutvorova, Jana, and Falta, Vladan (2008). Changes of pesticide residues in
apples during cold storage. 19: 247-256.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Ticha, Jana, Hajslova, Jana, Jech, Martin, Honzicek, Jiri, Lacina, Ondrej, Kohoutkova, Jana, Kocourek,
Vladimir, Lansky, Miroslav, Kloutvorova, Jana, and Falta, Vladan ( Changes of pesticide residues in
apples during cold storage. Food Control In Press, Corrected Proof: 251.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
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Tiernan, T. 0., Soldi, J. G., Garrett, J. G., Wagel, D. J., Hanes, M., and VanNess, G. F. (A concerted analytical
method for determination of various halogenated and related bioaccumulating compounds in fish and
sediments. Organohalogen Compd. (1990) 2: 225-8 CODEN: ORCOEP.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Tilio, R., Krishnan, K., Kapila, S., Nam, K. S., and Facchetti, S. (1994). A Simple Analytical Methodology For
Multiresidue Pollutant Determinations. Chemosphere 29: 1849-1858.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Timchalk, C. and Poet, T. S. (2008). Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic and
Pharmacodynamic Model to Determine Dosimetry and Cholinesterase Inhibition for a Binary
Mixture of Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon in the Rat. Neurotoxicology 29: 428-443.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO/MODELING.
Timchalk, C., Kousba, A. A., and Poet, T. S. (2007). An Age-Dependent Physiologically Based
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in the
Preweanling Rat. Toxicol.Sci. 98: 348-365.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: MODELING.
Timchalk, C., Kousba, A. A., and Poet, T. S. (2007). An Age-Dependent Physiologically Based
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in the
Preweanling Rat. Toxicol.Sci. 98: 348-365.
Rejection Code: MODELING.
Tischler, M., Garcia, M., Peters-Lidard, C., Moran, M. S., Miller, S., Thoma, D., Kumar, S., and Geiger, J.
(2007). A GIS framework for surface-layer soil moisture estimation combining satellite radar
measurements and land surface modeling with soil physical property estimation. Environmental
Modelling & Software 22: 891-898.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Toft, P. (1987). Guidelines For Canadian Drinking Water Quality. Huck, P. M. And P. Toft (Ed.). Treatment
Of Drinking Water For Organic Contaminants Second National Conference, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada, April 7-8, 1986. Ix+383p. Pergamon Press: New York, New York, Usa; Oxford, England,
Uk. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-08-031876-2.; 0: 7-16.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Toller, G. and Flaim, G. M. (1988). A Filtering Unit For The Removal Of Pesticide Residues From Aqueous
Solutions. Water Res 22: 657-661.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Tolosa, I., Readman, J. W., and Mee, L. D. (1996). Comparison Of The Performance Of Solid-Phase Extraction
Techniques In Recovering Organophosphorus And Organochlorine Compounds From Water.
Journal Of Chromatography A 725: 93-106.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Tomimori, S., Nagaya, Y., and Taniyama, T. (1994). Water Pollution Caused By Agricultural Chemicals And
Fertilizers In The Drainage From Golf Links. Japanese Journal Of Crop Science 63: 442-451.
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Torres-Vila, L. M., Rodriguez-Molina, M. C., and Lacasa-Plasencia, A. (2003). Testing Ipm Protocols for
Helicoverpa Armigera in Processing Tomato: Egg-Count- Vs. Fruit-Count-Based Damage
Thresholds Using Bt or Chemical Insecticides. Crop Prot. 22: 1045-1052.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MOM,ES,CPY,BFT Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Tos-Luty, S., Latuszynska, J., Halliop, J., Tochman, A., Przylepa, E., Bychawski, E., and Obuchowska, D. (
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Skin Penetration Of Selected Pesticides. Annals Of Agricultural And Environmental Medicine, Vol.
1, No. 1, Pages 57-67, 35 References, 1994.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Toth, D. and Tomasovicova, D. (1989). Ellis Horwood Series In Wastewater Technology Microbial Interactions
With Chemical Water Pollution. Toth, D. AndD. Tomasovicova. Ellis Horwood Series In
Wastewater Technology: Microbial Interactions With Chemical Water Pollution. Xvi+176p. Ellis
Horwood Ltd.: Chichester, England, Uk (Dist. In The UsaAndCanda By Halsted Press: New York,
New York, Usa) Veda: Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-7458-0195-1; Isbn 0-470-
21428-7; Isbn 80-224-0008-4.; 0: Xvi+176p.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Townsend, Philip A. (2000). Principles and Applications of Imaging Radar: Manual of Remote Sensing: Third
Edition, Volume 2, Edited by P.M. Henderson and A. J. Lewis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
1998 (published in co-operation with the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing). US$198.00 (hardcover); ISBN 0-471-29406-3. Ecological Engineering 16: 309-311.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Townsend, Philip A. (2002). Estimating forest structure in wetlands using multitemporal SAR. Remote Sensing
of'Environment 79: 288-304.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Toyra, Jessika and Pietroniro, Alain (2005). Towards operational monitoring of a northern wetland using
geomatics-based techniques. Remote Sensing of Environment 97: 174-191.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Toyra, Jessika, Pietroniro, Alain, and Martz, Lawrence W. (2001). Multisensor Hydrologic Assessment of a
Freshwater Wetland. Remote Sensing of'Environment 1'5: 162-173.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Travis, B. V., Dewey, J. E., and Pendleton, R. F. (1968). Comparative Toxicity Data on Pesticides Used for
Mosquito Control. Proc.N.J.Mosq.Exterm.Assoc. 55: 122-129.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DDT,PRN,HPT,DLD,CBL,PYN,MXC,TMP,MLN,DDVP,Naled,HCCH,CPY,FNTH,Cu,As,CHD,M
P Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Travis, Curtis C. and Arms, Angela D. (Bioconcentration of organics in beef, milk, and vegetation. Environ.
Sci. Technol. (1988) 22: 271-4 CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN: 0013-936X.
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Trebossen, Herve, Deffontaines, Benoit, Classeau, Nicolas, Kouame, Jacob, and Rudant, Jean-Paul (2005).
Monitoring coastal evolution and associated littoral hazards of French Guiana shoreline with radar
images. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 337: 1140-1153.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Tremolada, P., Di Guardo, A., Calamari, D., Davoli, E., and Fanelli, R. (Mass-spectrometry-derived data as
possible predictive method for environmental persistence of organic molecules. Chemosphere
(1992) 24: 1473-91 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Truman, C. C. and Bosch, D. D. ( Transport Of Water And Chemicals As Affected By Landscape Features And
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Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Tsipi, Despina (1998). Development of a generic gas chromatographic method for the determination of
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organophosphorus pesticide residues in various sample extracts. Chem. Chron. Genike Ekdose 60:
287-289 .
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Tsuchiya, Y. and Ohashi, N. (1992). Determination Of Pesticides In Water By Gc/Ms Using Internal Standard.
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Tsuda, T., Inoue, T., Kojima, M., and Aoki, S. (1996). Pesticides in Water and Fish From Rivers Flowing Into
LakeBiwa. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 57:442-449.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
SZ,FNT,MLN,DZ,CPY,FNTH,IFP,MDT,PSM,TBC,CBF,CTN,FTL Rejection Code: NO
DURATION/SURVEY.
Tsuda, T., Inoue, T., Kojima, M., and Aoki, S. (1996). Pesticides In Water And Fish From Rivers Flowing Into
Lake Biwa. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 57: 442-449 .
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Tsunoda, Noriko ( Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides in forensic chemistry by gas-
liquid chromatography with a hydrogen-flame ionization detector. Eisei Kagaku (1986) 32: 91-100
CODEN: ESKGA2; ISSN: 0013-273X.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Tu, C. M. (Effects of selected pesticides on activities of invertase, amylase and microbial respiration in sandy
soil. Chemosphere (1988) 17: 159-63 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Tulve, N. S., Egeghy, P. P., Fortmann, R. C., Whitaker, D. A., Nishioka, M. G., Naeher, L. P., and Hilliard, A. (
Multimedia Measurements and Activity Patterns in an Observational Pilot Study of Nine Young
Children. J expo sci environ epidemiol. 2008, jan; 18(l):31-44. [Journal of exposure science &
environmental epidemiology]: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Tuncel, S. G., Oztas, N. B., and Erduran, M. S. ( Air and Groundwater Pollution in an Agricultural Region of the
Turkish Mediterranean Coast. J air waste manag assoc. 2008, sep; 58(9): 1240-9. [Journal of the air
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FATE.
Turner, B., Powell, S. J., Miller, N., and White, J. (1991). Fog And Dry Deposition As Sources Of Inadvertent
Pesticide Residues On Row Crops. 201st Acs National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society,
Atlanta, Georgia, Usa, April 14-19, 1991. Abstr Pap Am Chem Soc 201: Agro 82.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Turner, B., Powell, S., Miller, N., and Melvin, J. (Field Study Of Fog And Dry Deposition As Sources Of
Inadvertent Pesticide Residues On Row Crops. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I),
Issue 08, 1990.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Turner, E. C. Jr. (1986). Structural and Litter Pests. Poult.Sci. 65: 644-648.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,CPY,PMR,CBL Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Tzeng, C. C. and Kao, S. S. (1996). Evaluation on the Safety of Pesticides to Green Lacewing, Mallada Basalis
Larvae. Plant Prot.Bull.(Taichung) 38: 203-213 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,C YP,CBF,IPD Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
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U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1983). Water Quality Standards Handbook. Off.of Water Regul.and
Standards, Washington, DC.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Cr,As,Ni,Se,Cd,Zn,Ag,Pb,ATZ,NH,CPY,MTB Rejection
Code: NOTOXDATA.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1983). Water Quality Standards Regulation. Fed.Reg. 48: 51400-51413.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
TBT,CN,As,ACL,Cl,PCP,TXP,ACE,Al,NH,NYP,Cr,Ni,Se,Cd,Zn,Ag,Pb,DZ,ATZ,CPY,MTB
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1984). Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide Products Containing
Chlorpyrifos as the Active Ingredient. U.S.EPA, Washington, DC 218 p. (NTIS/PB87-110284).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1985). Appendix B - Response to Public Comments on "Guidelines for
Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and
Their Uses". Fed.Reg. 50: 30793-30796.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Se,Zn,Ag,DZ,ATZ,NH,TBT,CPY,MTB Rejection Code: NO
TOX DATA.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1985). Technical Support Document for Water Quality-Based Toxics
Control. EPA-440/4-85-032, Springfield, VA (PB86-150067).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Se,Pb,NH,CPY Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1986). Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chlorpyrifos. EPA 440/5-86-
005, U.S.EPA, Washington, DC 64 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1986). Stream Design Flow for Steady-State Modeling. In: Book VI-
Design Conditions, Chapter 1, Tech.Guidance Manual for Performing Waste Load Allocation, Off.of
Water, Washington, DC.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Se,Zn,Ag,DZ,ATZ,NH,NYP,TBT,CPY Rejection Code:
METHODS.
Uijlenhoet, Remko and Sempere Torres, Daniel (2006). Measurement and parameterization of rainfall
microstructure: Measurement and Parameterization of Rainfall Micro structure. Journal of
Hydrology 328: 1-7.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Uijlenhoet, Remko, Porra, Josep M., Torres, Daniel Sempere, and Creutin, Jean-Dominique (2006). Analytical
solutions to sampling effects in drop size distribution measurements during stationary rainfall:
Estimation of bulk rainfall variables: Measurement and Parameterization of Rainfall Microstructure.
Journal of Hydrology 328: 65-82.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Umino, T. and Suzuki, T. ( 1984). Insecticide Studies in Vector Control of Guatemalan Onchocerciasis. 3.
Laboratory Tests on Adsorption of Larvicides to Soil. Jpn.J.Sanit.Zool. 35: 1-6.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNT,CPYM Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Umino, T. and Suzuki, T. ( 1984). Insecticide Studies in Vector Control of Guatemalan Onchocerciasis. 3.
Laboratory Tests on Adsorption of Larvicides to Soil. Jpn.J.Sanit.Zool. 35: 1-6.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNT,CPYM Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Uncles, R. J. (2002). Estuarine Physical Processes Research: Some Recent Studies and Progress. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science 55: 829-856.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Unlu, K., Ozenirler, G., and Sozudogru, S. (1997). Classification Of Commonly Used Pesticides In Turkey
Based On Pollution Potentials. Turkish Journal Of Engineering And Environmental Sciences 21:
189-202.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Unsal, M. (1995). Usage Of Pesticides And Pcbs In Cukurova Region, Turkey And Their Impact On The
Environment. Turkish Journal Of Zoology 19: 199-205.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Update on the Re-Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos in Canada. Govt reports announcements & index
(gra&i), issue 03, 2003.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Usmani, K. A. and Knowles, C. 0. (2001). Def Sensitive Esterases in Homogenates of Larval and Adult
Helicoverpa Zea, Spodoptera Frugiperda, and Agrotis Ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
J.Econ.Entomol. 94: 884-891.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
UV protective aqueous emulsion and emulsifiable solids for cosmetic and agrochemical formulations. U.S.
Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 975,811. 6 pp.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Uygun, Umran, Senoz, Berrin, and Koksel, Hamit ( 2008-). Dissipation of organophosphorus pesticides in wheat
during pasta processing. 109: 355-360.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Vaccaro, J. R. (Risks associated with exposure to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos formulation components. ACS
Symp. Ser. (1993)203rd National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, San Francisco,
California, Usa, April 5-10, 1992. Xii+378p. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Usa.
Isbn 0-8412-2627-X.; 0 522: 297-306 CODEN: ACSMC8; ISSN: 0097-6156.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Vaccaro, J. R. and Nolan, R. J. (1991). Indirect And Direct Evaluation Of Exposures To Chlorpyrifos Following
Broadcast Applications To Indoor Carpets For Extrapolation To Crawling Infants. 201st Acs
National Meeting Of The American Chemical Society, Atlanta, Georgia, Usa, April 14-19, 1991.
AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 201: Agro 90.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Vaccaro, J. R., Nolan, R. J., and Bartels, M. J. (1996). Human Dose Comparisons Utilizing Biomonitoring And
Passive Monitoring Of An Exposure Environment Following Surface Treatment With In Insecticide.
211th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, Usa, March 24-28,
1996. Abstracts Of Papers American Chemical Society 211: Agro 150.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Vaccaro, J. R., Nolan, R. J., Murphy, P. G., and Berbrich, D. B. ( The use of unique study design to estimate
exposure of adults and children to surface and airborne chemicals. ASTMSpec. Tech. Publ. (1996)
STP 1287: 166-183 CODEN: ASTTA8; ISSN: 0066-0558.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Valles, Steven M. and Woodson, W. David (2002). Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities
among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 131: 469-476.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Valsaraj, K. T., Thoma, G. J., Reible, D. D., and Thibodeaux, L. J. (1993). On The Enrichment Of Hydrophobic
Organic Compounds In Fog Droplets. Atmos Environ Part A Gen Top 27: 203-210.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Valverde Garcia A, Socias Viciana M, Gonzalez Pradas E, and Villafranca Sanchez M (1992). Adsorption Of
Chlorpyrifos On Almeria Soils. Fourth International Workshop On Chemical, Biological And
Ecotoxicological Behaviour Of Pesticides In The Soil Environment, Rome, Italy, May 29-31, 1991.
Sci Total Environ 123-124: 541-549.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Van Barneveld Rj (1999). Physical And Chemical Contaminants In Grains Used In Livestock Feeds.
Australian Journal Of Agricultural Research 50: 807-823.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
van Beelen, P. and Doelman, P. ( Significance and application of microbial toxicity tests in assessing
ecotoxicological risks of contaminants in soil and sediment. Chemosphere (1997) 34: 455-499
CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
van Beelen, P. and Fleuren-Kemila, A. K. ( Toxic effects of pentachlorophenol and other pollutants on the
mineralization of acetate in several soils. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (1993) 26: 10-17 CODEN:
EESADV; ISSN: 0147-6513.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Van Beelen, P., Van Vlaardingen, P. L. A., and Fleuren-Kemila, A. K. ( Toxic effects of pollutants on the
mineralization of chloroform in river sediments. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (1994) 27: 158-67
CODEN: EESADV; ISSN: 0147-6513.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Van Beelen, P., Verbruggen, E. M. J., and Peijnenburg, W. J. G. M. (2003). The Evaluation of the Equilibrium
Partitioning Method Using Sensitivity Distributions of Species in Water and Soil. Chemosphere 52:
1153-1162.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
Pb,As,Cr,Hg,Zn,Co,Cd,Cu,CPY,ATZ,CBF,PCP,CHD,AND,HPT Rejection Code: MODELING.
van Beelen, Patrick, Verbruggen, Eric M. J., and Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. (2003). The evaluation of the
equilibrium partitioning method using sensitivity distributions of species in water and soil.
Chemosphere 52'. 1153-1162.
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Van den Brink, P. J., Hartgers, E. M., Gylstra, R., Bransen, F., and Brock, T. C. M. (2002). Effects of a Mixture of
Two Insecticides in Freshwater Microcosms: II. Responses of Plankton and Ecological Risk
Assessment. Ecotoxicology 11: 181 -197.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,HCCH Rejection Code: MIXTURE(CPY).
Van den Brink, Paul J. and Braak, Cajo J. F. Ter (Principal response curves: analysis of time-dependent
multivariate responses of biological community to stress. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (1999) 18: 138-
148 CODEN: ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Van der Merwe, D. and Riviere, J. E. (2005). Comparative studies on the effects of water, ethanol and
water/ethanol mixtures on chemical partitioning into porcine stratum corneum and silastic
membrane. Toxicology in Vitro 19: 69-77.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
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Van der Merwe, D. and Riviere, J. E. (2005). Effect of Vehicles and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate on Xenobiotic
Permeability and Stratum Corneum Partitioning in Porcine Skin. Toxicology 206: 325-335.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PL,PCP,MP,EPRN,ATZ,PPZ,SZ,FNTH,CPY,NP Rejection
Code: IN VITRO.
Van der Merwe, D. and Riviere, J. E. (2005). Effect of Vehicles and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate on Xenobiotic
Permeability and Stratum Corneum Partitioning in Porcine Skin. Toxicology 206: 325-335.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
van der Wai, Daphne, Herman, Peter M. J., and Wielemaker-van den Dool, Annette (2005). Characterisation of
surface roughness and sediment texture of intertidal flats using ERS SAR imagery. Remote Sensing
oj'Environment 98: 96-109.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Van Dijk H Fg and Guicherit, R. (1999). Atmospheric Dispersion Of Current-Use Pesticides: A Review Of The
Evidence From Monitoring Studies. Water Air And Soil Pollution 115: 21-70.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Van Emon Jm, Johnson, J. C., Reed, A. W., Hardwick, B. C., and Brumley, W. C. (1997). An Immunoassay For
The Quantitation 3 5 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol As A Biomarker Of Exposure. 214th American
Chemical Society National Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, Lisa, September 7-11, 1997. Abstracts Of
Papers American Chemical Society 214: Agro 59.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
van Netten, Christiaan, Brands, Ralph H., Hoption Cann, Stephen A., Spinelli, John J., and Sheps, Sam B.
(2003). Cancer cluster among police detachment personnel. Environment International 28: 567-572.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Van Scoyoc, G. E. and Kladivko, E. J. (Movement Of Pesticides And Nutrients Into Tile Drainage Water.
Govt Reports Announcements & Index (Gra&I), Issue 05, 1990.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Van Wambeke, E., Van Assche, C., and Vanachter, A. (1992). Long Term Risks or Benefits From Soil Fumigant
Use? Med.Fac.Landbouww.Univ.Gent51: 1261-1267.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DD.13DPE.MB.CPY Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Van, D. E. N Berg F, Kubiak, R., Benjey, W. G., Majewski, M. S., Yates, S. R., Reeves, G. L., Smelt, J. H.,
and Van, D. E. R. Linden Ama (1999). Emission Of Pesticides Into The Air. Water Air And Soil
Pollution 115: 195-218.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Van, D. E. R. Hoff Gr, Baumann, R. A., Brinkman, U. At, and Van Zoonen P (1993). On-Line Combination Of
Automated Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction And Capillary Gas Chromatography For The
Determination Of Pesticides In Water. JChromatogr 644: 367-373.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Van, D. E. R. Kolk J Wh and Crum, S. Jh (1993). Laboratory Micro-Ecosystems As Physical Models For
Predicting The Fate Of Pesticides In Aquatic Systems. Science Of The Total Environment 0: 1429-
1437.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Van, D. E. Steene F, Melkebeke, T., and Verstraeten, R. (1990). Breakdown Of Carbofuran, Chlorpyrifos,
Fonofos And Bromophos-Ethyl Applied To Soil From Four Regions Of Belgium (1). Meded Fac
Landbouwwet Rijksuniv Gent 155: 107-116.
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Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Van, U. R. K. G, Kerkum, F., and Van Leeuwen Cj (1993). Insects And Insecticides In The Lower Rhine.
Water Res 27: 205-213.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Varma, A. K., Gairola, R. M, Pandey, P. C., and Singh, K. P. (2001). Use of TOPEX altimeter for the study of
diurnal and spatial distribution of southwest monsoon rainfall over the Bay of Bengal and the
Arabian Sea. Remote Sensing of Environment 77: 112-121.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Vaughan, G., Gouget, H., O'Connor, F. M., and Wier, D. (2001). Fine-scale layering on the edge of a
stratospheric intrusion. Atmospheric Environment 35: 2215-2221.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Verhaar, Henk J. M., Solbe, John, Speksnijder, John, Van Leeuwen, Cees J., and Hermens, Joop L. M. (
Classifying environmental pollutants: Part 3. External validation of the classification system.
Chemosphere (2000) 40: 875-883 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-6535.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Verma, G., Sharma, N. L., Shanker, V., Mahajan, V. K., and Tegta, G. R. (Pesticide Contact Dermatitis in Fruit
and Vegetable Farmers of Himachal Pradesh (India). Contact dermatitis. 2007, nov; 57(5):316-20.
[Contact dermatitis]: Contact Dermatitis.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Vial, T., Nicolas, B., and Descotes, J. (1996). Clinical Immunotoxicity Of Pesticides. Journal Of Toxicology
And Environmental Health 48: 215-229.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Viana, E., Redondo, M. J., Font, G., and Molto, J. C. (1996). Disks Versus Columns In The Solid-Phase
Extraction Of Pesticides From Water. Journal OfChromatographyA 733 : 267-274.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Vidal, J. L. M., Gonzalez, F. J. E., Galera, M. M., and Cano, M. L. C. (1998). Diminution of Chlorpyrifos and
Chlorpyrifos Oxon in Tomatoes and Green Beans Grown in Greenhouses. J.Agric.Food Chem. 46:
1440-1444.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,CPYO Rejection Code: NO EFFECT.
Vidal, M. Teresa, Constanti, Magda, and Bordons, Albert (Effects of copper and pesticides on malolactic
fermentation. Vignevini (1999) 26: 50-53 CODEN: VIGNDL; ISSN: 0390-0479.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Vidya Lakshmi, C., Kumar, Mohit, and Khanna, Sunel (2008). Biotransformation of Chlorpyrifos and
bioremediation of contaminated soil. 62: 204-209.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FATE.
Vieux, Baxter E. and Bedient, Philip B. (2004). Assessing urban hydrologic prediction accuracy through event
reconstruction: Urban Hydrology. Journal of'Hydrology 299: 217-236.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Vighi, Marco, Masoero Garlanda, Marcella, and Calamari, Davide ( QSARs for toxicity of organophosphorus
pesticides to Daphnia and honeybees. Sci. Total Environ. (1991) 109-110, 605-22 CODEN:
STENDL; ISSN: 0048-9697.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
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Villa, S., Vighi, M., Finizio, A., and Serini, G. B. (2000). Risk Assessment for Honeybees From Pesticide-
Exposed Pollen. Ecotoxicology 9: 287-297.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: HCZ,FUZ,DOD,MEM,MZB,CP Y,Captan,MDT Rejection
Code: SURVEY.
Vinggaard, A. M., Hnida, C., Breinholt, V., and Larsen, J. C. ( Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of
CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol. in Vitro (2000) 14: 227-234 CODEN: TIVIEQ; ISSN:
0887-2333.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Vioque-Fernandez, A., Alves de Almeida, E. A., and Lopez-Barea, J. (2007). Esterases as Pesticide Biomarkers in
Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii, Crustacea): Tissue Distribution, Sensitivity to Model Compounds
and Recovery From Inactivation. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 145: 404-412.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBL.MLN.CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Vioque-Fernandez, A., Alves de Almeida, E. A., and Lopez-Barea, J. (2007). Esterases as Pesticide Biomarkers
in Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii, Crustacea): Tissue Distribution, Sensitivity to Model Compounds
and Recovery From Inactivation. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 145: 404-412.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
VirÁ, G, D., NaÁ, R, Z., and Kiss, A. (Microbial Toxicity of Pesticide Derivatives Produced With
Uv-Photodegradation. Bull environ contain toxicol. 2007, sep; 79(3):356-9. [Bulletin of
environmental contamination and toxicology]: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Vischetti, Costantino, Capri, Ettore, Trevisan, Marco, Casucci, Cristiano, and Perucci, Piero (2004).
Biomassbed: a biological system to reduce pesticide point contamination at farm level.
Chemosphere 55: 823-828.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Vlastelicia, J. J. and Ross, D. M. (1990). Water Quality Temperature To Toxics. Tappi (TechAssoc Pulp Pap
Ind)J73: 151-156.
Rejection Code: NOT OX DAT A.
Vokes, Steven A. and Krieg, Paul A. (2000). Gdfl6, a novel member of the growth/differentiation factor
subgroup of the TGF-[beta] superfamily, is expressed in the hindbrain and epibranchial placodes.
Mechanisms of Development 95: 279-282.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Von, A. R. X. Kb, Manock, J. J., Huffman, S. W., and Messina, M. (1998 ). Using Limited Concentration Data
For The Determination Of Rate Constants With The Genetic Algorithm. Environmental Science &
Technology 32: 3207-3212.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Wacksman, M. (2005). Impact of Atrazine on Chlorpyrifos Toxicity to Four Aquatic Vertebrates. M.S.Thesis,
So.II. Univ., Carbondale, IL 38 p.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,ATZ Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Wacksman, M. (2005). Impact of Atrazine on Chlorpyrifos Toxicity to Four Aquatic Vertebrates. M.S.Thesis,
So.Il.Univ., Carbondale, IL 38 p.
Rejection Code: PUBL AS.
Wade, T. L., Sericano, J. L., Gardinali, P. R., Wolff, G., and Chambers, L. (1998). Noaa's 'mussel Watch' Project:
Current Use Organic Compounds in Bivalves. Mar.Pollut.Bull. 37: 20-26.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ACR,ATZ,HCB,CPY Rejection Code: NO
-------
DURATION/SURVEY.
Wade, T. L., Sericano, J. L., Gardinali, P. R., Wolff, G., and Chambers, L. (1998). Noaa's 'mussel Watch'
Project: Current Use Organic Compounds In Bivalves. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37: 20-26.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Wagner, E. D., McMillian, S. M, and Plewa, M. J. (2005). Cytotoxicity of Organophosphorus Ester (Op)
Insecticides and Cytotoxic Synergism of 2-Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (2aaaf) in Chinese Hamster
Ovary (Cho) Cells. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 75: 329-334.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MP.MLN.EPRN.CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Wagner, E. D., McMillian, S. M., and Plewa, M. J. (2005). Cytotoxicity of Organophosphorus Ester (Op)
Insecticides and Cytotoxic Synergism of 2-Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (2aaaf) in Chinese Hamster
Ovary (Cho) Cells. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 75: 329-334.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Wagner, S. L. (1990). Pesticide Illness Surveillance Review Of The National Pesticide Hazard Assessment
Program. Technical Workshop Of The Conference On Agricultural Occupational And
Environmental Health: Policy Strategies For The Future, Iowa City, Iowa, Usa Des Moines, Iowa,
Usa, September 17-30, 1988. Am J Ind Med; 18: 307-312.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Wagner, Wolfgang, Luckman, Adrian, Vietmeier, Jan, Tansey, Kevin, Balzter, Heiko, Schmullius, Christiane,
Davidson, Malcolm, Gaveau, David, Gluck, Michael, Le Toan, Thuy, Quegan, Shaun, Shvidenko,
Anatoly, Wiesmann, Andreas, and Yu, Jiong Jiong (2003). Large-scale mapping of boreal forest in
SIBERIA using ERS tandem coherence and JERS backscatter data. Remote Sensing of Environment
85: 125-144.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Waite, D. T., Graver, R., Westcott, N. D., Irvine, D. G., Kerr, L. A., and Sommerstad, H. (1995). Atmospheric
Deposition Of Pesticides In A Small Southern Saskatchewan Watershed. Environmental Toxicology
And Chemistry 14: 1171-1175.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Waite, D. T., Grover, R., Westcott, N. D., Sommerstad, H., and Kerr, L. (1992). Pesticides In Ground Water,
Surface Water And Spring Runoff In A Small Saskatchewan Watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 11:
741-748.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Walia, S., Dureja, P., and Mukerjee, S. K. ( Superoxide mediated novel transformations of the insecticide 0,0-
diethyl-0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate (chlorpyrifos). Toxicol. Environ. Chem.
(1988) 18: 21-9 CODEN: TECSDY; ISSN: 0277-2248.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Walia, S., Dureja, P., and Mukerjee, S. K. (1986). Studies On The Photometabolism Of Organophosphorus
Insecticides Namely Chlorpyriphos And Phosalone. Gael, S. C. (Ed.). Insect And Environment, Vol.
2. Pesticide Residues And Environmental Pollution National Symposium, Muzaffarnagar, India,
October 2-4, 1985. Xxii+293p. Sanatan Dharm College: Muzaffarnagar, India. Illus.; 0: 122-128.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Walia, S., Dureja, P., and Mukerjee, S. K. (1988). New Photodegradation Products Of Chlorpyrifos And Their
Detection On Glass, Soil, And Leaf Surfaces. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 17: 183-188.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Waliszewski, K. and Pardio, S. (1995). Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphatic Compounds. Ciencia 46:
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103-112(SPA)(ENGABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: TBF,TCF,DDW,IFP,MTM,PRN,FNT,CMPH,CPY Rejection
Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Walker, C. H. (1981). The Correlation Between in Vivo and in Vitro Metabolism of Pesticides in Vertebrates.
Prog.Pestic.Biochem. 1: 247-285.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PIRM,CPY,PCB,DZ,DMT,CMPH,DDT,DLD,CBL,CTC
Rejection Code: REVIEW.
Walker, C. H. (1983). Pesticides and Birds - Mechanisms of Selective Toxicity. Agric.Ecosyst.Environ.:
(ScienceDirect 1995-Present) 9: 211-226.
Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern:
PIRM,OXD,DLD,PPX,MCB,EPTC,CBL,TCF,TW,TMP,PSM,PRT,FNT,DS,DCTP,DEM,CMPH,A
Z,CPY,DDVP,DMT,ETN,FNTH,MVP,PRN,MP,DZ,PPHD Rejection Code: REFS
CHECKED/REVIEW.
Walker, C. H., Brealey, C. J., Mackness, M. I., and Johnston, G. (1991). Toxicity of Pesticides to Birds: the
Enzymic Factor. Biochem.Soc.Trans. 19:741-745.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CBL,MLN,PCB,HCCH,PIRM,DZ,CPY,AND,AN Rejection
Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Walker, C. H., Brealey, C. J., Mackness, M. I., and Johnston, G. (1991 ). Toxicity of Pesticides to Birds; the
Enzymic Factor. Biochem.Soc.Trans. 19: 741-745.
Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Walker, G., Keller, R., Beckett, J., and Butte, W. (1994). Concentration Of Biocides In An Indoor Setting
Exemplified By Pyrethroids. Zentralblatt Fuer Hygiene Und Umweltmedizin 195: 450-456.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Walker, W. W. (Development of a fate/toxicity screening test. Report (1984).
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Walker, W. W., Cripe, C. R., Pritchard, P. H., and Bourquin, A. W. (1988). Biological And Abiotic Degradation
Of Xenobiotic Compounds In In-Vitro Estuarine Water And Sediment-Water Systems.
Chemosphere 17: 2255-2270.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
Walker, Wayne S., Kellndorfer, Josef M., and Pierce, Leland E. (2007). Quality assessment of SRTM C- and X-
band interferometric data: Implications for the retrieval of vegetation canopy height. Remote
Sensing of Environment 106: 428-448.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Walker, Wayne S., Kellndorfer, Josef M., LaPoint, Elizabeth, Hoppus, Michael, and Westfall, James ( An
empirical InSAR-optical fusion approach to mapping vegetation canopy height. Remote Sensing of
Environment In Press, Corrected Proof: 292.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Wall, G. R. and Phillips, P. J. (1998). Pesticides In The Hudson River Basin, 1994-96. Northeastern Geology
And Environmental Sciences 20: 299-307.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Wallace, K., Grover, R., and Westcott, N. (Evaluation Of An Activated Carbon Filter For The Retention Of
Selected Pesticide Vapours. Journal Of Environmental Science And Health. Part B: Pesticides,
Food Contaminants, And Agricultural Wastes, Vol. B23, No. 6, Pages 605-621, 17 References,
19881988.
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Wallace, L. A. (1995). Human Exposure To Environmental Pollutants A Decade Of Experience. Clinical And
Experimental Allergy 25'. 4-9.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Walsh, G. E., Deans, C. H., and McLaughlin, L. L. (1987). Comparison of the Ec50s of Algal Toxicity Tests
Calculated by Four Methods. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 6: 767-770.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
HPT,TDC,CPY,PMR,MP,CHD,PRT,TBTO,TBTF,TBTA,TBTC1 Rejection Code: NO
DURATION.
Walz, I. and Schwack, W. ( Cutinase Inhibition by Means of Insecticidal Organophosphates and Carbamates. 3.
Oxidation of Phosphorothionates by Chloroperoxidase From Caldariomyces Fumago. J agric food
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Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Walz, I. and Schwack, W. (Multienzyme Inhibition Assay for Residue Analysis of Insecticidal Organophosphates
and Carbamates. Jagric food chem. 2007, dec 26; 5'5'(26):10563-71. []: J Agric Food Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: METHODS.
Wan, H. B., Lan, W. G., Wong, M. K., and Mok, C. Y. (1994). Orthogonal Array Designs For The
Optimization Of Liquid Chromatographic Analysis Of Pesticides. Analytica ChimicaActa 289: 371-
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Wan, H. B., Wong, M. K., and Mok, C. Y. (1994). Comparative Study On The Quantum Yields Of Direct
Photolysis Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Aqueous Solution. Journal Of Agricultural And
Food Chemistry 42: 2625-2630.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Wan, P., Santerre, C. R., and Deardorff, D. C. (2000). Chlorpyrifos In Catfish (Ictalarus Punctatus) Tissue.
Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 65: 84-90.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Wang, Cuizhen, Qi, Jiaguo, Moran, Susan, and Marsett, Robin (2004). Soil moisture estimation in a semiarid
rangeland using ERS-2 and TM imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 90: 178-189.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Wang, H. K. and Drake, V. A. (2004). Insect monitoring radar: retrieval of wingbeat information from conical-
scan observation data. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 43: 209-222.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Wang, L., Lee, F. S. C., Yin, Y. F., Xu, X. Q., Zhou, W. H., and Wang, X. R. (2007). Organophosphate Pesticide
Residue Monitoring and Risk Assessment in the Sea-Water From Laizhou Bay. Journal of Safety
and Environment/'Anquan YuHuanjingXuebao [J. Safety Environ./Anquan Yu HuanjingXuebao].
Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 83. Jun 2007.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Wang, L., Lee, F. S. C., Yin, Y. F., Xu, X. Q., Zhou, W. H., and Wang, X. R. (2007). Organophosphate
Pesticide Residue Monitoring and Risk Assessment in the Sea-Water From Laizhou Bay. Journal of
Safety andEnvironment'Anquan Yu HuanjingXuebao [J. Safety Environ./Anquan Yu Huanjing
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Rejection Code: SURVEY.
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Wang, L., Li, X. C., and Han, X. T. (2006). Study on the Joint Toxicity of Methyl Parathion and Chlorpyrifos for
Skeletone macostatum (Grev.) Cleve. J.Chin.Med.Res. 6: 1015-1018(CHI)(ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y,MP Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Wang, L., Xu, K., Bei, F., and Gao, F. S. (2007). [Effects of Bagging on the Microenvironment, Yield and Quality
of Overwintering Tomato]. Yingyong sheng tai xue bao. 2007, apr; 18(4):837-42. [Yingyong sheng
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shenyangyingyong sheng taiyanjiu suo zhu ban]: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 18: 837-842.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Wang, Shu Ting, Gui, Wen Jun, Guo, Yi Rong, and Zhu, Guo Nian (2007). Preparation of a multi-hapten
antigen and broad specificity polyclonal antibodies for a multiple pesticide immunoassay. Analytica
ChimicaActa587:287-292.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Wang, Z. and Zhang, Y. (1987). Effect of Soil Pollution on Soil Animal Community Structure. Nat.Sci. J.Hunan
Norm.Univ. 10: 90-96.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Ward, Mary H., Nuckols, John R., Weigel, Stephanie J., Maxwell, Susan K., Cantor, Kenneth P., and Miller,
Ryan S. (Identifying populations potentially exposed to agricultural pesticides using remote sensing
and a geographic information system. Environ. Health Perspect. (2000) 108: 5-12 CODEN:
EVHPAZ; ISSN: 0091-6765.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Ware, G. W. and Cahill, W. P. (1978). Air Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) From a 2% Slow-Release
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Ware, G. W., Buck, N. A., and Estesen, B. J. (Dislodgeable insecticide residues on cotton foliage: comparison
of ULV/cottonseed oil vs. aqueous dilutions of 12 insecticides. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol.
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Washino, R. K., Whitesell, K. G., Sherman, E. J., Kramer, M. C., and McKenna, R. J. (1972). Rice Field
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Waters, M. D., Nesnow, S., Simmon, V. F., Mitchell, A. D., Jorgenson, T. A., and Valencia, R. (Pesticides:
Mutagenic And Carcinogenic Potential. Pesticide Chemist And Modern Toxicology, Acs Symposium
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Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Waters, Michael D., Sandhu, Shahbeg S., Simmon, Vincent F., Mortelmans, Kristien E., Mitchell, Ann D.,
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From Irrigated Turfgrass Sites. 203rd Acs (American Chemical Society) National Meeting, San
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Weihermuller, L., Huisman, J. A., Lambot, S., Herbst, M, and Vereecken, H. (Mapping the Spatial Variation
of Soil Water Content at the Field Scale with Different Ground Penetrating Radar Techniques.
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Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
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Toxicology, Vol. li, Part A: Toxicology, 4th Edition. Xvii+945p. John Wiley And Sons, Inc.: New
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Juvenile Salmonids. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union [EOS Trans. Am. Geophys.
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[URL:http://www.agu.org/pubs/aguJoureos.html] ISSN0096-3941 87: [np],
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,CBF Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Werner, Ingeborg, Deanovic, Linda A., Connor, Valerie, De Vlaming, Victor, Bailey, Howard C., and Hinton,
David E. (Insecticide-caused toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia (cladocera) in the Sacramento-San
Joaquin river Delta, California, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (2000) 19: 215-227 CODEN:
ETOCDK; ISSN: 0730-7268.
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Cotton Grass Lemon Orange And Peach Leaves Following Foliar Applications Of Dursban And
Lorsban Insecticides. 191st American Chemical Society National Meeting, New York, N.y., Usa,
Apr. 13-18, 1986. AbstrPapAm Chem Soc 191: No Pagination.
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Wetters, J. H., Norton, E. J., and Jeffries, T. K. (1979). Residues of Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-
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Rejection Code: NO SOURCE/NOT PURSUING.
Whang, J. M, Schomburg, C. J., Glotfelty, D. E., and Taylor, A. W. (1993). Volatilization Of Fonofos,
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Whitmore, R. W., Immerman, F. W., Camann, D. E., Bond, A. E., Lewis, R. G., and Schaum, J. L. (Non-
occupational exposures to pesticides for residents of two U.S. cities. Arch. Environ. Contam.
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Whyatt, R. M., Garfinkel, R., Hoepner, L. A., Holmes, D., Borjas, M., Williams, M. K., Reyes, A., Rauh, V.,
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
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Apples. Aust.J.Exp.Agric. 29: 439-444.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ES,CPY,Ziram,FRM,DOD,AZ,MZB Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Wilcock, R. J. (1993). Application Of Land-Use Date And Screening Tests For Evaluation Pesticide Runoff
Toxicity In Surface Waters. Environ Manage 17: 365-371.
Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.
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Chlorpyrifos and Cis-and Trans-Permethrin Applied to the Surface of a Stream.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: PMR,CPY Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Williams, J. J., MacDonald, N. J., O'Connor, B. A., and Pan, S. (2000). Offshore sand bank dynamics. Journal
of'Marine Systems 24: 153-173.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Williams, Kevin K. and Greeley, Ronald (2004). Laboratory and field measurements of the modification of
radar backscatter by sand. Remote Sensing of Environment 89: 29-40.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Wilson, B. W., Hooper, M. J., Littrell, E. E., Detrich, P. J., Hansen, M. E., Weisskopf, C. P., and Seiber, J. N.
(1991). Orchard Dormant Sprays and Exposure of Red-Tailed Hawks to Organophosphates.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 47: 717-724.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MDT,CPY,DZ Rejection Code: NO DURATION/SURVEY.
Wilson, B. W., Hooper, M. J., Littrell, E. E., Detrich, P. J., Hansen, M. E., Weisskopf, C. P., and Seiber, J. N.
(1991). Orchard Dormant Sprays and Exposure of Red-Tailed Hawks to Organophosphates.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 47: 717-724.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MDT,CPY,DZ Rejection Code: NO DURATION/SURVEY.
Wilson, B. W., Sanborn, J. R., O'malley, M. A., Henderson, J. D., and Billitti, J. R. (1997). Monitoring The
Pesticide-Exposed Worker. Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia) 12: 347-363.
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Wilson, Barry W., Hooper, Michael J., Littrell, Edward E., Detrich, Philip J., Hansen, Mark E., Weisskopf,
Carol P., and Seiber, James N. ( Orchard dormant sprays and exposure of red-tailed ***hawks***
to organophosphates. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1991) 47 : 717-24 CODEN: BECTA6;
ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Wilson, Cody L., Arfsten, Darryl P., Carpenter, Robert L., Alexander, William K., and Still, Kenneth R. (2002).
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Rejection Code: FATE.
Wilson, John S. and Otsuki, Tsunehiro (2004). To spray or not to spray: pesticides, banana exports, and food
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Rejection Code: FOOD.
Winter, B. and Zimmermann, W. (1992). Degradation Of Halogenated Aromatics By Actinomycetes. Sigel, H.
And A. Sigel (Ed.). Metal Ions In Biological Systems, Vol. 28. Degradation Of Environmental
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York, New York, Usa Basel, Switzerland. Isbn 0-8247-8639-4.; 0: 157-203.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Winterlin, W., Seiber, J. N., Craigmill, A., Baier, T., Woodrow, J., and Walker, G. (1989). Degradation of
Pesticide Waste Taken From a Highly Contaminated Soil Evaporation Pit in California.
Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 18: 734-747.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MLT,ATZ,CPY,DZ,DU,MLN,MP,PRN,TRB,TBC,TFN
Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.
Winterlin, W., Seiber, J. N., Craigmill, A., Baier, T., Woodrow, J., and Walker, G. (1989). Degradation Of
Pesticide Waste Taken From A Highly Contaminated Soil Evaporation Pit In California Usa. Arch
Environ Contam Toxicol 18: 734-747.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Witter, B., Francke, W., Franke, S., Knauth, H. D., and Miehlich, G. (1998). Distribution And Mobility Of
Organic Micropollutants In River Elbe Flood Plains. Chemosphere 37: 63-78.
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Witter, J. V., Robinson, D. E., Mansingh, A., and Dalip, K. M. (1999). Insecticide Contamination Of Jamaican
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Wolfe, N. L. and Macalady, D. L. (1992). New Perspectives In Aquatic Redox Chemistry Abiotic
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Chemical Mediation Of Pollutant Transport In Aqueous Systems, Honolulu, Hawaii, Usa, December
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Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Wolt, J. D. (1999). Exposure Endpoint Selection in Acute Dietary Risk Assessment. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH/METHODS.
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Wood, D., McNairn, H., Brown, R. J., and Dixon, R. (2002). The effect of dew on the use of RADARSAT-1 for
crop monitoring: Choosing between ascending and descending orbits. Remote Sensing of
Environment 80: 241-247.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Woodrow, Brian N. and Dorsey, John G. ( Thermodynamics of Micelle-Water Partitioning in Micellar
Electrokinetic Chromatography: Comparisons with 1-Octanol-Water Partitioning and
Biopartitioning. Environ. Sci. Technol. (1997) 31: 2812-2820 CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN: 0013-
936X
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Woodrow, J. E., Wong, J. M., and Seiber, J. N. (1989). Pesticide Residues In Spray Aircraft Tank Rinses And
Aircraft Exterior Washes. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 42: 22-29.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Woodruff, Tracey J., Kyle, Amy D., and Bois, Frederic Y. (Evaluating health risks from occupational exposure
to pesticides and the regulatory response. Environ. Health Perspect. (1994) 102: 1088-96 CODEN:
EVHPAZ; ISSN: 0091-6765.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Woodside, M. D. and Ruhl, K. E. (Pesticides in Streams in the Tar-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina,
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Rejection Code: FATE.
Woppelmann, Guy, Zerbini, Susanna, and Marcos, Marta (2006). Tide gauges and Geodesy: a secular synergy
illustrated by three present-day case studies: La Terre observee depuis 1'espace. Comptes Rendus
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Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
World Health, 0. R. G. A. (1973). Safe Use of Pesticides. Twentieth Report of the Who Expert Committee on
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
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CPY,AZM,DDT,Hg,PPX,TMMC,As,STCH Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
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Wright, C. G., Leidy, R. B., and Dupree, H. E Jr (1988). Chlorpyrifos In The Ambient Air Of Houses Treated
For Termites. Bull Environ Contain Toxicol 40: 561-568.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Wright, C. G., Leidy, R. B., and Dupree, H. E Jr (1989). Acephate Present In Food-Serving Areas Of Buildings
After Baseboard Spraying. Bull Environ Contain Toxicol 43: 713-716.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Wright, C. G., Leidy, R. B., and Dupree, H. E Jr (1996). Insecticide Residues In The Ambient Air Of
Commercial Pest Control Buildings 1993. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And
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Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Wright, C. G., Leidy, R. B., and Dupree, H. E. Jr. ( Chlorpyrifos in the air and soil of houses eight years after its
application for termite control. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1994) 52: 131-4 CODEN:
BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Wright, C. G., Leidy, R. B., and Dupree, H. E. Jr. ( Chlorpyrifos in the air and soil of houses four years after its
application for termite control. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1991) 46: 686-9 CODEN:
BECTA6; ISSN: 0007-4861.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Wright, Robert, Garbeil, Harold, Baloga, Stephen M., and Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. (2006). An assessment of
shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation data for studies of volcano morphology. Remote
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Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Wu, C. F. and Chiu, H. H. (Rapid Method for Determining Dermal Exposures to Pesticides by Use of Tape
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Wu, Y. S., Lee, H. K., and Li, S. Fy (1998). Rapid Estimation Of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients Of
Pesticides By Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Electrophoresis 19: 1719-1727.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Wyatt, L. R., Green, J. J., Gurgel, K. W., Nieto Borge, J. C., Reichert, K., Hessner, K., Gunther, H., Rosenthal,
W., Saetra, 0., and Reistad, M. (2003). Validation and intercomparisons of wave measurements and
models during the EuroROSE experiments. Coastal Engineering 48: 1 -28.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Wyatt, L., Spooner, J., Berryhill, W., Brichford, S. L., and Lanier, A. L. (1988). Nonpoint Sources. J Water
Pollut Control Fed 60: 925-933.
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Xi, Y. and Dong, H. ( Application of Solvent Sublation for the Determination of Organophosphorous Pesticides in
Vegetables by Gas Chromatography With a Flame Photometric Detector. Anal sci. 2007, mar;
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chemistry]: Anal Sci.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
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Application of Current Hapten in the Production of Broad Specificity Antibodies Against
Organophosphorus Pesticides. 7: 1341-1347.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Xiong, J. and Hu, B. ( Comparison of Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid
Microextraction for the Determination of Organosulfur Pesticides in Environmental and Beverage
Samples by Gas Chromatography With Flame Photometric Detection. J chromatogr a. 2008, jun 6;
1193(l-2):7-18. [Journal of chromatography. A]: J Chromatogr A.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Xu, F. L., Dawson, R. W., Tao, S., Li, B. G., and Cao, J. (2002). System-Level Responses of Lake Ecosystems to
Chemical Stresses Using Energy and Structural Exergy as Ecological Indicators. Chemosphere 46:
173-185.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ,CBL,BFT,HXZ,PMR,PCP,Cu,CPY Rejection Code:
MODELING/REVIEW.
Xu, G., Li, Y., Zheng, W., Peng, X., Li, W., and Yan, Y. (Mineralization of Chlorpyrifos by Co-Culture of
Serratia and Trichosporon Spp. Biotechnol lett. 2007, oct; 29(10): 1469-73. [Biotechnology letters]:
Biotechnol Lett.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Xu, Gangming, Zheng, Wei, Li, Yingying, Wang, Shenghui, Zhang, Jingshun, and Yan, Yanchun (2008).
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by a newly isolated Paracoccus sp.
strain TRP. 62:51-56.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Xu, Hao H. and Schurr, Karl M. ( Genotoxicity of 22 pesticides in microtitration SOS Chromotest. Toxic.
Assess. (1990) 5: 1-14 CODEN: TOASER; ISSN: 0884-8181.
Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Xue, N, Li, F., Hou, H., and Li, B. ( Occurrence of Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticide Residues in Wetland
Sediments From Beijing, China. Environ toxicol chem. 2008, may; 27(5): 1055-62. [Environmental
toxicology and chemistry / setae]: Environ Toxicol Chem.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FATE.
Xuereb, Benoit, Noury, Patrice, Felten, Vincent, Garric, Jeanne, and Geffard, Olivier ( Cholinesterase activity
in Gammarus pulex (Crustacea Amphipoda): Characterization and effects of chlorpyrifos.
Toxicology In Press, Accepted Manuscript: 420.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Yalkowsky, S. H. and Final, R. (1993). Estimation Of The Aqueous Solubility Of Complex Organic
Compounds. Chemosphere 26: 1239-1261.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Yamada, H. and Koizumi, S. (1993). Induction Of A 70-Kda Protein In Human Lymphocytes Exposed To
Inorganic Heavy Metals And Toxic Organic Compounds. Toxicology 79: 131-138.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Yamaguchi, Y., Fukushima, M., Fujita, T., Yamamoto, T., and Yamada, A. (1992). Distribution And Seasonal
Variation Of Pesticide Residues In Yodo River Basin Japan. Meeting On Hazard Assessment And
Control Of Environmental Contaminants In Water Held At The 1st lawprc (International
Association On Water Pollution Research And Control), Otsu City, Shiga, Japan, November 25-28,
1991. WaterSci Technol25: 61-68.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Yamamoto, M., Toda, M., Tanaka, K., Sugita, T., Sasaki, S., Uneyama, C., and Morikawa, K. ([Study on Usage
of Pesticides in Various Countries]. Kokuritsu iyakuhin shokuhin eisei kenkyusho hokoku.
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institute of health sciences]: Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: FOOD.
Yamano, Tetsuo and Morita, Shigeru (Effects of pesticides on isolated rat hepatocytes, mitochondria, and
microsomes. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1993) 25: 271-8 CODEN: AECTCV; ISSN: 0090-
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Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Yanagi, Tetsuo, Shimizu, Manabu, Nomura, Munehiro, and Furukawa, Keita (2003). Spring-neap tidal
variations of residual flow in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Continental Shelf Research 23: 1087-1097.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Yang, D., Howard, A., Bruun, D., Ajua-Alemanj, M, Pickart, C., and Lein, P. J. ( Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-
Oxon Inhibit Axonal Growth by Interfering With the Morphogenic Activity of Acetylcholinesterase.
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Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Yang, Jian and Aschner, Michael (2003). Developmental Aspects of Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and Rat Brain
Endothelial (RBE4) Cells as in vitro Model for Studies on Chlorpyrifos Transport: Eighth
International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and
Environmental Health, Brescia, Italy, June 23-26, 2002. NeuroToxicology 24: 741-745.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Yang, Jian , Mutkus, Lysette A., Sumner, Darrell, Stevens, James T., Eldridge, J. Charles, Strandhoy, Jack W.,
and Aschner, Michael (2001). Transendothelial permeability of Chlorpyrifos in RBE4 monolayers is
modulated by astrocyte-conditioned medium. Molecular Brain Research 97: 43-50.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Yang, Li, Zhao, Yu-hua, Zhang, Bing-xin, Yang, Ching-Hong, and Zhang, Xin (2005). Isolation and
characterization of a Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degrading bacterium. FEMS
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Rejection Code: BACTERIA.
Yao, M. C. and Lo, K. C. (1994). Phoxim Resistance In Rhyzopertha Dominica Fabricius In Taiwan. Zhonghua
Kunchong 14: 331-341 .
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Yao, Yuan, Tuduri, Ludovic, Harner, Tom, Blanchard, Pierrette, Waite, Don, Poissant, Laurier, Murphy, Clair,
Belzer, Wayne, Aulagnier, Fabien, Li, Yi-Fan, and Sverko, Ed (2006). Spatial and temporal
distribution of pesticide air concentrations in Canadian agricultural regions. Atmospheric
Environment 40: 4339-4351.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Yaron, B. (1989). General Principles Of Pesticide Movement To Groundwater. Agric Ecosyst Environ 26: 275-
298.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Yasuhara, A., Shiraishi, H., Nishikawa, M., Yamamoto, T., Nakasugi, 0., Okumura, T., Kenmotsu, K., Fukui,
H., Nagase, M., and Kawagoshi, Y. (1999). Organic Components In Leachates From Hazardous
Waste Disposal Sites. Waste Management & Research 17: 186-197.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Yates, M. V., Green, R. L., Gan, J., Yates, S. R., and Wang, D. (1998). Measurement And Model Prediction Of
-------
Pesticide Partitioning In Field-Scale Turfgrass Plots. 216th National Meeting Of The American
Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, Lisa, August 23-27, 1998. Abstracts Of Papers American
Chemical Society 216: Agro 134.
Rejection Code: MODEL.
Ye, X., Pierik, F. H., Hauser, R., Duty, S., Angerer, J., Park, M. M, Burdorf, A., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W.,
Mackenbach, J. P., Steegers, E. A., Tiemeier, H., and Longnecker, M. P. (Urinary Metabolite
Concentrations of Organophosphorous Pesticides, Bisphenol a, and Phthalates Among Pregnant
Women in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: the Generation R Study. Environ res. 2008, oct; 108(2):260-
7. [Environmental research]: Environ Res.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Yeary, R. A. (1984). Oral Intubation of Dogs With Combinations of Fertilizer, Herbicide, and Insecticide
Chemicals Commonly Used on Lawns. Am.J.Vet.Res. 45: 288-290.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DMB,24DXY,CPY,MCPP1,BS Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Yeary, R. A. and Leonard, J. A. (Measurement of pesticides in air during application to lawns, trees, and shrubs
in urban environments. ACSSymp. Ser. (1993) 522: 275-81 CODEN: ACSMC8; ISSN: 0097-6156.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Yeary, Roger A., Eaton, Jeannette, Gilmore, Edith, North, Ben, and Singell, Jan (A multiyear study of blood
cholinesterase activity in urban pesticide applicators. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health (1993) 39: 11-25
CODEN: JTEHD6; ISSN: 0098-4108.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Yen, J. H. and Wang, Y. S. (1994). Studies On Multi-Residue Analysis Of Organophosphorus Insecticides In
Soils. Journal Of The Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society 32: 602-611.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Yenigun, 0. and Sohtorik, D. (1995). Calculations With The Level li Fugacity Model For Selected
Organophosphorus Insecticides. Water Air And Soil Pollution 84: 175-185.
Rejection Code: METHOD.
Yerushalmi, N. and Cohen, E. (2002). Acetylcholinesterase of the California Red Scale Aonidiella Aurantii
Mask.: Catalysis, Inhibition, and Reactivation. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol.12: 133-141.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
Yobterik, A. C., Timmer, V. R., and Gordon, A. M. (1994). Screening Agroforestry Tree Mulches for Corn
Growth: a Combined Soil Test, Pot Trial and Plant Analysis Approach. Agrofor.Syst. 25: 153-166.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT.
Yonts, C. D. and Wilson, R. G. (Agrichemical Control In Irrigation Runoff Water From Surfaceirrigated
Fields. Fedrip Database, National Technical Information Service (Mis).
Rejection Code: FEDRIP DATABASE.
Yoshida, S. (1994). Chlorpyrifos Residues In Air And Polished Rice Stock In A House Treated For Termite
Control. Journal Of The Food Hygienic Society Of Japan 35: 287-291.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Yoshida, S., Moriguchi, Y., Konishi, Y., Taguchi, S., and Yakushiji, T. (1992). Analysis Of Organophosphorus
Termiticides In Human Milk. Jpn J Toxicol Environ Health^'. 52-56.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Yoshida, Seisaku, Taguchi, Shuzo, and Fukushima, Shigehiko ( Octachlorodipropyl ether residue in house dust.
Jpn. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health (1997) 43: 64-67 CODEN: JJTHEC; ISSN: 0013-273X.
-------
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Yoshida, Seisaku, Taguchi, Shuzo, Fukushima, Shigehiko, Cao, C. J., Mioduszewski, R. J., Menking, D. E.,
Valdes, J. J., Katz, E. J., Eldefrawi, M. E., and Eldefrawi, A. T. (Residual status of chlorpyrifos and
octachlorodipropylether in ambient air and polished rice stock in houses five years after application
for termite control. Cytotoxicity of organophosphate anticholinesterases. J. Health Sci. (2000). In
Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol: Anim. (1999) 46. 35: 104-109 CODEN: JHSCFD; ISSN: 1344-9702. 493-
500 CODEN: IVCAED; ISSN: 1071-2690.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Yoshikawa, H., Yoshida, M., and Hara, I. (1990). Effect of Administration With Chlorpyrifos on
Electroretinogram in Rats. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 45: 884-889 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Yoshikawa, H., Yoshida, M., and Hara, I. (1990). Effect of Administration with Chlorpyrifos on
Electroretinogram in Rats. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 45: 884-889 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Yoshikawa, Hideo, Yoshida, Munehiro, Ueda, Teruko, Yatsugi, Kuniko, and Hara, Ichiro (Evaluation of
exposure to organophosphorus insecticides and its effect on ocular function in pest control operators.
Jpn. J. Toxicol. (1991) 4: 65-71 CODEN: JJTOEX; ISSN: 0914-3777.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Yoshioka, Y., Mizuno, T., Ose, Y., and Sato, T. ( The estimation of toxicity of chemicals on fish by
physicochemical properties. Chemosphere (1986) 15: 195-203 CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN: 0045-
6535.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
You, J., Pehkonen, S., Landrum, P. F., and Lydy, M. J. (Desorption of Hydrophobic Compounds From
Laboratory-Spiked Sediments Measured by Tenax Absorbent and Matrix Solid-Phase
Microextraction. Environ sci technol. 2007, aug 15; 41(16):5672-8. [Environmental science &
technology]: Environ Sci Technol.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Young, Michael S., Early, Michael F., Romano, Joe, and Krol, Jim (2000 ). A generic solid-phase extraction
procedure for LC-MS and GC-MS determination of environmental endocrine disrupters at part-per
trillion levels. EnviroAnal. 2000 Proc. Bienn. Int. Conf. Monit. Meas. Environ., 3rdEditor(s):
Clement, Ray; Burk, Bob. Publisher: EnviroAnalysis 2000 Conference secretariat, Ottawa, Ont.
253-256.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Younos, T. M. and Weigmann, D. L. (1988). Pesticides A Continuing Dilemma. J Water Pollut Control Fed
60: 1199-1205.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Yu, Jya-Jyun (2002). Removal of organophosphate pesticides from wastewater by supercritical carbon dioxide
extraction. Water Research 36: 1095-1101.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Yuan, J. H. ( Toxicokinetics Of Chlorpyrifos In F344 Rats And B6c3f 1 Mice. Crisp Data Base National
Institutes Of Health.
Rejection Code: NO SOURCE.
Yucel, U., Ylim, M., Gozek, K., Helling, C. S., and Sarykaya, Y. (1999 ). Chlorpyrifos Degradation In Turkish
Soil. Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants And
-------
Agricultural Wastes 34: 75-95.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Yukimoto, M. (1982). Studies on Mechanism of Phytotoxicity by Pesticides. J.Pestic.Sci. 7: 227-235 (JPN) (ENG
ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DDVP,CPYM,PHSL,MLN,DZ,MDT,DMT,FNTH,FNT,CPY
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Yukimoto, M. (1982). Studies on Mechanism of Phytotoxicity by Pesticides. J.Pestic.Sci. 7: 227-235 (JPN) (ENG
ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DDW,CPYM,PHSL,MLN,DZ,MDT,DMT,FNTH,FNT,CPY
Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Yukimoto, M. and Ishitani, A. (1979). Relations Between Changes of Isozymes and Phytotoxic Symptoms of
Chinese Cabbages Treated With Organophosphorus Insecticides. J.Pest.Sci. 4: 1-9 (JPN) (ENG
ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ACP,DDVP,TCF,CPY,FNT,FNTH,DMT,DZ,MLN Rejection
Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Yukimoto, M. and Ishitani, A. (1981). Phytotoxicities of Organophosphorus Insecticides to Crops: (Part 6)
Nitrogen Contents in Soybean Leaves Applied With Organophosphorus Insecticides.
Bull.Agric.Chem.Imp.Stn. 21: 50-53 (JPN) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:
DMT,DZ,FNT,MLN,FNTH,DDVP,PHSL,CPY,TCF,ACP,MDT Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Zabik, J. M. and Seiber, J. N. (1993). Atmospheric Transport Of Organophosphate Pesticides From California's
Central Valley To The Sierra Nevada Mountains. J Environ Qual 22: 80-90.
Rejection Code: SURVEY.
Zamora, C. , Kratzer, C. R., Majewski, M. S., and Knifong, D. L. (Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Loads in
Precipitation and Urban and Agricultural Storm Runoff During January and February 2001 in the
San Joaquin River Basin, California. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue
03, 2005.
Rejection Code: FATE.
Zaroogian, G., Heltshe, J. F., and Johnson, M. (Estimation of toxicity to marine species with structure-activity
models developed to estimate toxicity to freshwater fish. Aquat. Toxicol. (1985) 6: 251-70 CODEN:
AQTODG; ISSN: 0166-445X.
Rejection Code: QSAR.
Zaroogian, G., Heltshe, J. F., and Johnson, M. (1985). Estimation of Toxicity to Marine Species With Structure-
Activity Models Developed to Estimate Toxicity to Freshwater Fish. Aquat.Toxicol. 6: 251-270.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.
Zartarian, V. G., Ozkaynak, H., Burke, J. M., Zufall, M. J., Rigas, M. L., and Furtaw, E. J Jr (2000). A
Modeling Framework For Estimating Children's Residential Exposure And Dose To Chlorpyrifos
Via Dermal Residue Contact And Nondietary Ingestion. Environmental Health Perspectives 108:
505-514.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Zejli, H., Hidalgo-Hidalgo De Cisneros, J. L., Naranjo-Rodriguez, I., Liu, B., Temsamani, K. R., and Marty, J. L.
( Alumina Sol-Gel/Sonogel-Carbon Electrode Based on Acetylcholinesterase for Detection of
Organophosphorus Pesticides. Talanta. 2008, oct 19; 77(1):217-21. [Talanta]: Talanta.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CP Y Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
-------
Zeng, J., Yu, B., Chen, W., Lin, Z., Zhang, L., Lin, Z., Chen, X., and Wang, X. (Application of Ceramic/Carbon
Composite as a Novel Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction. J chromatogr a. 2008, apr 18;
1188(l):26-33. [Journal of chromatography. A]: J Chromatogr A.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS.
Zhang, Q. Z., Chen, Z. D., Wang, W. J., and Liu, H. Y. (2008). Effects of Chlorpyrifos Stress on Antioxidant
Enzyme Activities and Some Related Compound Contents in Pakchoi. Shengtai Xuebao/Acta
Ecologica Sinica, 28 (9) pp. 4524-4530, 200828: 4524-4530.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Zhang, Y. Q., Zhong, C. G., Zhang, H. Q., Chen, S. H., and Carvalho, F. P. (2000). Accumulation and
Metabolism of 14c-Butachlor and 14c-Chlorpyrifos in Cirrhina Molitorella. Acta
Sci.Nat. Univ.Sunyatseni 39: 123-128 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BTC.CPY Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Zhang, Z. Y., Liu, X. J., Yu, X. Y., Zhang, C. Z., and Hong, X. Y. (2007). Pesticide Residues in the Spring
Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata) Grown in Open Field. Food Control 18: 723-730.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DM,CTN,DMT,CPY,CYH,CYP,FNV Rejection Code:
MIXTURE.
Zhang, Z. Y., Liu, X. J., Yu, X. Y., Zhang, C. Z., and Hong, X. Y. (2007). Pesticide Residues in the Spring
Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata) Grown in Open Field. Food Control 18: 723-730.
Rejection Code: MIXTURE.
Zhang, Zhi Yong, Liu, Xian Jin, and Hong, Xiao Yue (2007). Effects of home preparation on pesticide residues in
cabbage. 18: 1484-1487.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY Rejection Code: FOOD.
Zhang, Zhi-Yong, Liu, Xian-Jin, and Hong, Xiao-Yue (Effects of home preparation on pesticide residues in
cabbage. Food Control In Press, Corrected Proof: 80.
Rejection Code: FOOD.
Zhong, C., Zhao, X., Chen, S., and Yun, F. (1998). Accumulation and Metabolism of Four He-Labeled Pesticides
by Some Marine Animals. RedaiHaiyang 17: 51-56 (CHI) (ENG ABS).
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,DDT Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH.
Zidan, Z. H., Shaaban, A. M., Sobeiha, A. K., and El-Zemaity, M. S. (Degradation Of Dursban And Temik In
Water Soil Extracts And Soils Under Laboratory Conditions. Bull Entomol Soc Egypt Econ Ser; 0
(12). 1980-1981 (1984) (Reed. 1985). 179-188.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
Ziem, G. E. (1999). Profile Of Patients With Chemical Injury And Sensitivity, Part li. InternationalJournal Of
Toxicology 18: 401-409.
Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.
Zine, S., Jarlan, L., Prison, P.-L., Mougin, E., Hiernaux, P., and Rudant, J.-P. (2005). Land surface parameter
monitoring with ERS scatterometer data over the Sahel: A comparison between agro-pastoral and
pastoral areas. Remote Sensing of Environment 96: 438-452.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Zoun, P. E. F. and Spierenburg, Th. J. (Determination of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides and some of their
metabolites in cases of animal poisoning using thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. (1989)
462, 448-53 CODEN: JOCRAM; ISSN: 0021-9673.
Rejection Code: CHEM METHOD.
-------
Zribi, M, Baghdad!, N, Holah, N, and Fafin, 0. (2005). New methodology for soil surface moisture estimation
and its application to ENVISAT-ASAR multi-incidence data inversion. Remote Sensing of
Environment 96: 485-496.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Zribi, M., Baghdadi, N, Holah, N, Fafin, 0., and Guerin, C. (2005). Evaluation of a rough soil surface
description with ASAR-ENVISAT radar data. Remote Sensing of Environment 95: 67-76.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Zribi, M., Ciarletti, V., and Taconet, 0. (2000). Validation of a Rough Surface Model Based on Fractional
Brownian Geometry with SIRC and ERASME Radar Data over Orgeval. Remote Sensing of
Environment 73: 65-72.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Zribi, M., Ciarletti, V., Taconet, 0., Faille, J., and Boissard, P. (2000). Characterisation of the Soil Structure and
Microwave Backscattering Based on Numerical Three-Dimensional Surface Representation:
Analysis with a Fractional Brownian Model. Remote Sensing of Environment 72: 159-169.
Rejection Code: NOTOXDATA.
Zribi, Mehrez and Dechambre, Monique (2003). A new empirical model to retrieve soil moisture and roughness
from C-band radar data. Remote Sensing of Environment 84: 42-52.
Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.
Zurich, M. G., Honegger, P., Schilter, B., Costa, L. G., and Monnet-Tschudi, F. (2004). Involvement of glial
cells in the neurotoxicity of parathion and chlorpyrifos. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
201: 97-104.
Rejection Code: IN VITRO.
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Appendix H. ECOTOX Database
The code list for ECOTOX can be found at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/blackbox/help/codelist.pdf
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Asellus
Asellus
Catostomus
Catostomus
Catostomus
Catostomus
Catostomus
Catostomus
Crassostrea
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Cyprinodon
Gambusia
Gammarus
Gammarus
Hydrophilus
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Species
aquaticus
aquaticus
commersoni
commersoni
commersoni
commersoni
commersoni
commersoni
virginica
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
variegatus
affinis
pulex
pulex
sp.
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
Common Name
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
White sucker
White sucker
White sucker
White sucker
White sucker
White sucker
American or Virginia
oyster
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Sheepshead minnow
Western mosquitofish
Scud
Scud
Black beetle
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
Effect
Group
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
Effect
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
Meas
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
RSDE
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
Endpt!
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2 TO 17
2 TO 17
1
21
14
3
5
7
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
4
~6
~6
0.25
14
1
7
14
7
3
65 TO 100
65 TO 100
26
26
26
35
35
35
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.005
0.0007
0.0064
0.00039
0.00077
0.0045
0.0024
0.00176
0.00067
0.0031
0.0072
0.0031
0.014
0.014
0.0072
0.026
0.026
0.052
0.0031
0.0072
0.014
0.052
0.026
0.052
0.06
0.0001
0.0001
0.003
0.00023
0.0064
0.00039
0.00077
0.00176
0.0045
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.00094 TO
0.007
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.00028
0.00062
0.0013
0.00063
0.0003
0.00014
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
>99
99
99
99
Ref#
15133
15133
12821
12821
12821
12821
12821
12821
68191
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
7769
108871
92242
92242
18226
12821
12821
12821
12821
12821
12821
7658
7658
7658
12881
12881
12881
12881
12881
12881
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
NR
NR
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Opsanus
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Species
beryllina
beryllina
beryllina
peninsulae
peninsulae
beryllina
peninsulae
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
edulis
edulis
edulis
edulis
Zygoptera
Trichoptera
beta
beta
beta
beta
beta
beta
beta
beta
beta
beta
beta
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
Common Name
Inland silverside
Inland silverside
Inland silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Inland silverside
Tidewater silverside
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
Common bay
mussel, blue mussel
Common bay
mussel, blue mussel
Common bay
mussel, blue mussel
Common bay
mussel, blue mussel
Damselfly order
Caddisfly order
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Gulftoadfish
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Effect
Group
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
Effect
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
Meas
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
Endpt!
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
4
4
4
4
4
4
24
24
38
38
0.25
0.25
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
22 TO 40
OTO21
65 TO 100
41 TO 62
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00018
0.00075
0.00036
0.00019
0.000093
0.0018
0.00038
3.2
32
1
56
10
5.6
2.9 TO 3.3
2.9 TO 3.3
0.9 TO 1.1
0.9 TO 1.1
0.003
0.003
0.0014
0.0037
0.0082
0.021
0.0097
0.046
0.046
0.018
0.05
0.093
0.15
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.00094 TO
0.007
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
Ref#
4225
4225
4225
4225
4225
4225
4225
14927
14927
14927
14927
14927
14927
18413
18413
18413
18413
18226
18226
11709
11709
11709
11709
11709
11709
11709
11709
11709
11709
11709
7658
7658
7658
7658
7658
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Poecilia
Ruditapes
Simulium
Stenacron
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Venus
Venus
Venus
Venus
Venus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Agriotes
Bombus
Eisenia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Lepomis
Linepithema
Linepithema
Linepithema
Linepithema
Species
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
reticulata
decussatus
vittatum
sp.
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
gallina
gallina
gallina
gallina
gallina
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
obscurus
impatiens
fetida
affinis
affinis
macrochirus
humile
humile
humile
humile
Common Name
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Guppy
Clam
Blackfly
Mayfly
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Mollusc
Mollusc
Mollusc
Mollusc
Mollusc
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Wireworm
Bumble Bee
Earthworm
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Bluegill
Argentine ant
Argentine ant
Argentine ant
Argentine ant
Effect
Group
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
ACC
AEG
AEG
AEG
AEG
AEG
AEG
AEG
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
Meas
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
RSDE
GACC
GACC
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
RSDE
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
GACC
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
THIK
WGHT
ALEG
CHEM
CHEM
CHEM
CHEM
CHEM
STIM
CHEM
CHEM
CHEM
CHEM
Endpt!
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
LOAEL
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
BCF
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
LOEC
NOEC
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
22 TO 44
OTO21
65 TO 100
8
30
0.25
0.25
90
90
35
35
35
35
35
35
0.3333333
2
0.1666667
2
4
4
4
4
4
21
6
9
13
364
364
364
1 .39E-02
2
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
2
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00094 TO
0.007
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.0001 2 TO
0.00083
0.001 4 TO
0.0094
0.3
0.003
0.003
0.0036
0.0036
0.0036
0.0017
0.0036
0.0036
0.0036
0.0017
0.037
0.035
0.0036
0.0046
32
1
10
5.6
3.2
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
200
200
200
0.1
1.12
20
0.099
0.0099
0.00178
122
134
2065
122
Cone
Value2
Preferred
1
40
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
%
Al kg/ha
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al mg/m2
Al mg/m2
Al mg/m2
Al mg/m2
% Purity
50
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
99
99
99.5
50
100
100
100
Ref#
7658
7658
7658
7658
3907
109600
18226
18226
72744
72744
72744
72744
72744
72744
72744
72744
82258
82258
82258
82258
14927
14927
14927
14927
14927
72830
72830
72830
72830
38746
38746
38746
108459
69721
111694
5147
5147
91730
99749
99749
99749
99749
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Linepithema
Palaemonetes
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Rana
Rattus
Rattus
Sitophilus
Solenopsis
Tribolium
Tribolium
Xenopus
Xenopus
Anabaena
Anabaena
Anabaena
Aphanius
Aphanius
Bubalus
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Capra
Capra
Channa
Chironomus
Chironomus
Cyprinus
Callus
Gambusia
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Medicago
Medicago
Species
humile
pugio
promelas
promelas
promelas
clamitans
norvegicus
norvegicus
granarius
invicta
castaneum
castaneum
laevis
laevis
oryzae
oryzae
oryzae
iberus
iberus
bu balls
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
hircus
hircus
punctata
tentans
npanus
carpio
domesticus
affinis
azteca
azteca
azteca
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
saliva
saliva
Common Name
Argentine ant
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Green frog
Norway rat
Norway rat
Granary weevil
Red imported fire ant
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Spanish toothcarp
Spanish toothcarp
Water buffalo
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Wild Goat
Wild Goat
Snake-head catfish
Midge
Midge
common carp
Domestic Chicken
Western mosquitofish
Scud
Scud
Scud
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
AVO
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Meas
CHEM
CHEM
STIM
STIM
STIM
STIM
STIM
STIM
CHEM
GAVO
CHEM
CHEM
STIM
STIM
NCON
CARB
PCON
HP70
HP70
MLDH
UREN
UREN
UREN
UREN
HMGL
HMGL
GLYC
PRTL
HMGL
PRTL
PRCO
NPSH
TOPR
PRCO
PRCO
RSUG
RSUG
RSUG
RSUG
RSUG
PRCO
PRCO
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOEC
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
EC50
EC50
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
2
2
2
2
<=21
<=21
0.25
21
0.25
0.25
2
2
7
7
7
32
32
84
365
365
730
730
2
2
15
20
1
1
1
2
49
4
4
<=1
<=1
<=1
<=1
<=1
NA
NA
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
hv
hv
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
122
0.00099
0.1312
0.1486
0.1339
0.2359
59.4
59.4
0.00485
0.00485
0.00485
0.1151
0.1556
5
100
5
0.000495
0.000495
0.05
2.916
2.916
2.916
2.916
150
75
0.037
0.0000995
0.1984
0.024
49.5
0.095
0.24
1.5
1.5
0.4984
0.4984
0.4984
1.0146
0.9968
0.5
0.5
Cone
Value2
Preferred
25
Cone Units
Preferred
Al mg/m2
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg
mg/kg
%
ml/eu
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
mg/L
nM
nM
nM
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
% Purity
100
99
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99
99
97
44.4
97
97
99.5
99.5
100
100
100
99
99
100
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.2
100
100
100
99.5
99.2
35
99
>95
99.2
99.2
99.2
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
99749
5146
91730
91730
91730
91730
86773
86773
53317
78182
53317
53317
91730
91730
75051
67667
93338
65921
65921
108319
37866
37866
37866
37866
62886
62886
109575
89548
109624
106792
101344
62030
72746
72746
72763
100381
100381
100381
100381
100381
88952
88952
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Melilotus
Melilotus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Nostoc
Nostoc
Nostoc
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
alba
alba
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
integer
integer
integer
integer
muscorum
muscorum
muscorum
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
kisutch
pugio
pugio
vulgaris
vulgaris
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
White sweetclover
White sweetclover
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Bean
Bean
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Meas
PRCO
ACRR
ACRR
ACRR
ACRR
ACRR
ACRR
HMGL
HMGL
ASYC
XTRA
PRCO
SUGA
LIPD
LIPD
PCON
CARB
NCON
HP60
PRCO
HP90
HMCT
VITE
CHOL
WTCO
WTCO
THBA
TBAR
CHLN
CHOL
GLUC
ACHL
GBCM
GBCM
GPRO
GLTH
GPRO
HMCT
HMCT
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
NA
21
21
21
21
21
21
30
70
43
0.5 TO
0.75
2
2
2
7
7
7
7
20
4
4
4
45
45
NA
NA
4
1
1
<=161
56
1
22
6
5
56
2
28
28
Dur Unit
Preferred
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.5
5
5
50
50
5
50
10.78
4.26
75
20
0.000038
0.0001
0.0001
0.000056
5
100
5
0.0037
0.0012
0.0012
0.01984
0.00019309
0.00019309
181.6
2.2
100
41
277.2
1
13.5
83.58
1.5
1.5
1
13.5
59.4
0.147
0.147
Cone
Value2
Preferred
50
7.2E-05
25
0.03968
Cone Units
Preferred
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
g/1 .8kg sd
g/1 .8kg sd
mg/kg
bdwt/d
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
% Purity
100
97.7
97.7
97.7
97.7
97.7
97.7
>98
20
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
100
99.5
99.2
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
99.5
100
100
100
100
99
98
98
Ref#
88952
64478
64478
64478
64478
64478
64478
81518
108516
92615
101024
77062
77062
77062
77062
93338
67667
75051
91827
81815
108470
101435
72409
72409
92309
92309
92492
92819
86316
93127
93536
93537
80616
80616
92581
86700
86773
90929
90929
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Meas
TBAR
H89A
PRXT
ZNCO
ZNCO
CUCO
FECO
ZNCO
CUCO
FECO
SECO
PCON
HMGL
PRCO
MLDH
PRCO
ALBM
GLTH
PRCO
HMDP
ZNPP
PRCO
GLTT
GLTT
TBAR
TBAR
HMGL
MTLN
CHOL
UREN
CHOL
GPRO
GPRO
ILK6
ILK6
GPRO
GPRO
GPRO
GPRO
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
5
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
15
1
90
15
15
15
5
2
28
10
14
2
28
28
21 TO 28
56
14
730
<=49
60
60
2
2
5
30
20
20
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
39.77
41
1
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
800
49.5
20
30
30
30
1
250
13.5
40
40
70
6.6825
6.6825
0.156
13.23
20
2.916
10
0.099
0.099
50
25
10
1
1
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
100
20
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
% Purity
97
100
100
100
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
50
99
100
>=96.5
>=96.5
>=96.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
98
>98
100
97.2
100
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
78777
78783
92622
92619
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
100854
101344
101332
101426
101426
101426
108494
108195
101708
109625
108801
108801
111786
111786
90929
86700
36173
37866
93127
86687
86687
85448
85448
92581
92581
92581
92581
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Ruditapes
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
decussatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Clam
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Meas
GBCM
ABPT
ABPT
ABPT
PRXT
PRXT
PRXT
HNMS
ACHL
ACHL
ACHL
SCON
CLCO
KCON
MNCO
BRCO
RBCO
GLTH
PRCO
GLTH
PRCO
GLYC
MLDH
MLDH
HMGL
HMGL
ECFC
CHES
ECFC
CHES
GLTH
CARB
CARB
CARB
PRCO
PRCO
PRCO
CHLA
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
9
13
5
5
12
12
9
4
4
4
56
56
56
56
56
56
12
10
30
5
30
3
14
21 TO 28
21 TO 28
14
14
14
14
7
4
8
12
4
8
12
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
3
1
5
40
1
1
1
7
44.775
126.365
277.605
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
46.1136
3.96
22.686
25
7.5
2.5
2.5
0.156
0.156
20
20
20
20
0.3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
2
5.94
12.5
5
5
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/250g
bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
99.5
99.5
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
48
>99
99.5
100
100
100
100
98
98
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
80652
93482
93482
93482
92622
92622
92622
92580
92578
92578
92578
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
101523
104725
101889
108494
108473
112004
112004
90929
90929
36173
36173
36173
36173
109600
72751
72751
72751
72751
72751
72751
72751
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Spiralothelphusa
Trifolium
Trifolium
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Acris
Acris
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Ampelisca
Ampelisca
Anas
Anax
Anax
Anax
Anax
Anax
Anax
Anax
Artemia
Bidyanus
Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis
Chironomus
Chironomus
Species
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
hydrodoma
pratense
pratense
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
crepitans
crepitans
millepora
millepora
millepora
millepora
abdita
abdita
platyrhynchos
junius
jiinius
junius
junius
junius
junius
junius
salina
bidyanus
elegans
elegans
tentans
tentans
Common Name
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Freshwater Field Crab
Red clover
Red clover
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Cricket frog
Cricket frog
Coral
Coral
Coral
Coral
Amphipod
Amphipod
Mallard duck
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Brine shrimp
Silver perch
Nematode
Nematode
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Meas
CHLA
CHLA
CHLB
CHLB
CHLB
CHAB
CHAB
CHAB
CARB
ACRR
ACRR
PRCO
PRCO
PRCO
PRCO
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
GBHV
GBHV
GBHV
REST
ORNT
PNPY
PNPY
PNPY
PNPY
ORNT
SWIM
THML
LOCO
LOCO
SWIM
SWIM
Endpt!
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
EC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
EC50
EC50
EC01
EC05
Endpt2
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
8
12
4
8
12
4
8
12
15
21
21
4
4
4
4
4
4
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
4
4
1.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
0.1666667
0.1666667
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.0024
50
5
0.992
0.992
0.0992
0.0992
0.0948
0.0948
0.03
0.001
0.001
0.03
0.00016
0.00034
420
0.00122
0.00122
0.00122
0.00122
0.00122
0.00122
0.00122
0.385
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.00008991 (
0.00005994
TO
0.00011988)
0.0001 1988(
0.00008991
TO
0.00013986)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
50
0.0992
0.0992
0.992
0.992
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mM
mM
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
97.7
97.7
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
47.4
47.4
100
100
100
100
4
98.7
98.7
98.7
98.7
98.7
98.7
98.7
97
100
100
100
99.9
99.9
Ref#
72751
72751
72751
72751
72751
72751
72751
72751
108872
64478
64478
68227
68227
86343
86343
101727
101727
100575
100575
100575
100575
4061
4061
62612
68927
68927
68927
68927
68927
68927
68927
100777
93501
75260
75260
81665
81665
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Corbicula
Danio
Danio
Elasmopalpus
Callus
Callus
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gastrophryne
Gastrophryne
Hypseleotris
Iridomyrmex
Iridomyrmex
Lepomis
Species
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
manilensis
rerio
rerio
lignosellus
domesticus
domesticus
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
fasciatus
fasciatus
olivacea
olivacea
klunzingeri
sp.
sp.
macrochirus
Common Name
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Asiatic clam
Zebra danio
Zebra danio
Lesser Cornstalker
Borer
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Scud
Scud
Great Plains Narrow-
mouthed Toad
Great Plains Narrow-
mouthed Toad
Western Carp
Gudgeon
Gravel Ant
Gravel Ant
Bluegill
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Meas
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
GBHV
GBHV
GBHV
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
FLTR
ACTP
SWIM
SEBH
LOCO
LOCO
LOCO
LOCO
LOCO
SWIM
MIGR
MIGR
SWIM
SWIM
THML
NMVM
NMVM
EQUL
Endpt!
EC15
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
ER50
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
ET50
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
-140
6
2.08E-02
2.08E-02
8
14.7
4
4
4
1
1
4
4
14
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0001 4985(
0.00011988
TO
0.00016983)
0.00016983
0.00021978(
0.0001998
TO
0.00024975)
0.00051
0.00058
0.00075
0.15
0.33
0.58
0.00039
0.00044
0.00053
2.19
0.77
0.01
0.01
24
0.96
0.96
0.06
0.06
0.297
0.297
0.01
0.01
0.0948
0.0948
0.0035
0.9
0.9
0.00154
Cone
Value2
Preferred
1.1
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nmol/g wet
wt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al % w/v
Al % w/v
mg/L
% Purity
99.9
99.9
99.9
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
99.5
99.5
42.8
100
100
100
48
48
99
99
99.9
99.9
100
100
47.4
47.4
100
100
100
99.5
Ref#
81665
79402
81665
18128
18128
18128
20658
20658
20658
56553
56553
103283
103283
89740
92575
92507
92714
108196
108196
108871
108871
108320
108320
5164
5164
101727
101727
93501
64661
64661
103283
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Lepomis
Leptopilina
Leptopilina
Melanotaenia
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Neomysis
NR
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Species
macrochirus
boulardi
heterotoma
duboulayi
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
integer
Formicidae
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
mykiss
kisutch
Common Name
Bluegill
Parasitoid Wasp
Wasp
Eastern rainbow fish
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Opossum shrimp
Ant family
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Meas
EQUL
LOCO
LOCO
THML
LOCO
LOCO
SMEL
ACTV
LOCO
NVOC
SACT
ACTV
SWIM
SEBH
SWIM
SWIM
SMEL
SMEL
SMEL
SMEL
SMEL
SMEL
SMEL
SMEL
SMEL
SWIM
SWIM
THML
SWIM
Endpt!
ER50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
BMC10
EC10
EC20
EC20
EC20
EC20
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
2
1
1
14
15
14
79
65
25
-127
-110
65
7
2
4
4
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4
4
14
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2.87
28.8
95.1786
0.005
1
100
1
3
3
3
3
0.000038
500
0.0003
0.0003
0.0006
0.00078
0.00071
0.00069
0.00151
0.00196
0.00177
0.00171
0.00057
0.0003
0.0006
0.005
0.00992
Cone
Value2
Preferred
50
6
6
0.01984
Cone Units
Preferred
nmol/g wet
wt
Al ng/eu
ng
mg/L
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
cm3/0.7 ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99.5
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.3
99.3
99.2
100
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.3
99.3
100
99.2
Ref#
103283
64770
107152
93501
92626
92577
101892
101892
92626
92493
92493
101892
53636
63962
80431
80431
75184
75184
75184
75184
75184
75184
75184
75184
75184
82495
80431
93501
101435
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Pimephales
Pimephales
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
pugio
argentinus
pugio
promelas
promelas
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Caridean Shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Meas
SWIM
ACTV
SWIM
EQUL
EQUL
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
RRSP
RRSP
RRSP
RRSP
VMVT
ACTV
ATSK
ACTV
ACTV
ACTP
SLEP
ACTP
GBHV
GBHV
ACTV
SWIM
LOCO
LOCO
LOCO
NMVM
RRSP
CRDN
GBHV
GBHV
ACTV
LOCO
ACTV
Endpt!
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
ER50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
2
2
12
12
12
12
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
1
3
3
1
1
>=294
0.125
>=182
0.2708333
0.2708333
-0.166666
666666667
7
33
119
18
30
1
37
8
8
-1.5
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0005
0.00001104
0.00025
0.0872
102
0.0948
0.0948
0.0948
0.0948
0.995
1.99
0.995
1.99
83.58
29.7
49.5
29.7
29.7
250
10
250
3.98
9.95
10
0.3
1
1
5
39.6
196
0.3
60
125
10
273.42
9.9
Cone
Value2
Preferred
2.2E-05
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nmol/g wet
wt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ml/kg
ml/kg
ml/kg
ml/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
48
100
99.5
99.5
47.4
47.4
47.4
47.4
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99
99
>99
>99
100
100
100
99.5
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
99
>=98
100
100
100
100
>98
99
Ref#
19763
101421
19763
103283
103283
101289
101289
101727
101727
93278
93278
93278
93278
93537
92571
92571
86768
86768
80582
92623
80582
92628
92628
93294
92580
92629
92576
92576
101330
101333
101342
101525
101525
101428
101437
101427
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Meas
VCLF
ACTV
ACTV
NGRX
LOCO
VMVT
NMVM
ACTV
ATSK
VMVT
ACTV
ACTP
ACTP
NMVM
NMVM
NMVM
NMVM
GBHV
GBHV
GBHV
GBHV
GBHV
NMVM
NMVM
NMVM
SWIM
LOCO
ACTV
LOCO
ACTV
NMVM
CRDN
CRDN
GBHV
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
10
51
63
20
19
1
-0.5
3
1
>=22
41 TO 55
41 TO 55
3
3
3
3
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
360
15
15
91
21
124
1
119
<=7
58
37
14
8
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
24.5
1
1
1
1
5
25
19.8
123.75
248.75
0.998
1
5
60
60
60
60
3.98
9.95
9.95
9.95
23.3
50
100
15
0.3
5
19.8
1
280
39.6
0.03
0.1
60
Cone
Value2
Preferred
247.5
4.99
5
9.95
24.875
24.875
49.75
116.7
100
7
0.1
0.3
250
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg/d
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
% Purity
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99.5
99.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
100
98.1
98.1
98.1
100
100
99
100
100
99
100
100
100
Ref#
101433
95963
95963
107548
107548
107548
101890
93295
92571
80515
82431
92582
92582
92618
92618
92618
92618
92628
92628
92628
92628
80739
52006
52006
52006
92580
92629
93295
92576
93322
101330
101342
101342
101525
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Solenopsis
Tilapia
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Triturus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Anabaena
Capra
Capra
Felis
Pel is
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
invicta
zillii
brassica
brassica
brassica
brassica
vulgaris
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
oryzae
hircus
hircus
catus
catus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Red imported fire ant
Tilapia
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Smooth newt
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Blue-green algae
Wild Goat
Wild Goat
Domestic cat
Domestic cat
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Effect
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Meas
ACTV
ACTV
ACTP
ACTV
ACTP
NMVM
NMVM
VMVT
ACTV
STLT
NMVM
NMVM
ACTV
SWIM
WALK
LOCO
WALK
LOCO
LOCO
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
SWIM
HTCY
RBCE
RBCE
NEUT
NEUT
RBCE
PCCM
PCCM
PCCM
PCCM
PCCM
PCRC
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOEL
NOEL
EC10
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
6
2
14
0.1458333
0.1458333
19
0.25
43
5
8
28
90
5.56E-03
5.56E-03
5.56E-03
5.56E-03
4
4
4
4
4
7
2
2
56
56
60
14
14
1
7
14
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
80
4.95
118.8
25
15
9.95
9.95
5
15
2.5
10
0.5
0.0036
1.266
4.5
1.266
4.5
0.096
0.0992
0.000992
0.000992
0.0000992
5
150
75
40
40
10.78
15
80
240
45
120
99
Cone
Value2
Preferred
30
29.85
29.85
10
0.992
0.00992
0.00992
0.00099
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
Al %
mg/L
ng
ng
ng
ng
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
99
99
100
100
99.5
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
42.8
97
100
100
100
100
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
100
100
100
100
100
>98
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
101428
101427
101527
101530
101526
108484
108484
107548
104996
108380
101890
101890
100277
72744
48628
48629
48628
48629
8107
71867
71867
86343
86343
75043
62886
62886
101329
101329
81518
101331
101331
101331
101331
101331
101331
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Genus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Nostoc
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
muscorum
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Blue-green algae
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Effect
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Meas
TWBC
PCCM
PCCM
PCCM
PCCM
NCEL
MUCR
HGHT
SIZE
HTCY
TCEL
TCEL
TCEL
MUCR
MUCR
RSBC
RSBC
MUCR
NCEL
BADR
RSBC
RSBC
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
RBCE
Endpt!
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
70
2
2
3
3
3
14
3
2
7
60
60
60
6
6
12
12
1
21
-65
5
5
~8
~8
-12
~8
~8
~8
~8
-12
-12
-12
-8
-8
-12
-12
-8
15
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
4.26
66.99
66.99
86.13
86.13
40
50
2.964
2.964
100
1
5
5
1.5
1.5
1.5
3
3
59.4
1
5
1
196
196
196
6.125
12.25
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
196
24.5
24.5
24.5
196
24.5
800
Cone
Value2
Preferred
80
100
5.928
5.928
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
% Purity
20
95.7 to
97.9
95.7 to
97.9
95.7 to
97.9
95.7 to
97.9
100
100
98.8
98.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
50
Ref#
108516
64453
64453
64453
64453
92496
97331
110644
110644
75043
92574
92574
92574
93532
93532
80616
80616
80698
86773
87746
101292
101292
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
100854
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Effect
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Meas
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
RSBC
LMPH
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
MUCR
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
MYCT
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
RSBC
TWBC
NCRC
TCEL
RSBC
RSBC
PKNJ
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
20
20
1
1
28
7
21
14
8
8
147
8
4
4
4
10
10
50
50
2
43
43
60
60
50
50
28
44
60
360
360
60
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
39.6
39.6
277.2
69.3
5
125
60
273.42
24.5
6.125
15
1
1
1
1
5
5
1
1
273.42
1
1
1
1
5
5
13.5
18
1
45
1
0.099
Cone
Value2
Preferred
5
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg/d
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg
% Purity
99
99
99
99
100
100
100
>98
98
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
>98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
Ref#
101330
101330
101423
101423
101343
101525
101525
101437
101433
101433
101526
95963
95963
95963
95963
95963
95963
95963
95963
101431
95963
95963
95963
95963
95963
95963
101708
108380
92574
80972
80972
86687
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Effect
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Meas
PKNJ
RSBC
NCEL
RBCE
RBCE
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
HGHT
BADR
BADR
BADR
MUCR
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
NCRC
LEUK
MUCR
BADR
BADR
BADR
BADR
BADR
BADR
BADR
RSBC
NCEL
TWBC
MUCR
MUCR
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
60
4
21
28
28
4
4
4
3
-78
60
49
-12
-8
-12
-12
-12
-8
-12
-12
-8
-12
-12
12
6
72
72
4
60
60
50
50
0.1458333
83
21 TO 28
14
14
Dur Unit
Preferred
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.099
1.5
59.4
0.147
0.147
125.73
276.21
276.21
250
5
1
5
196
196
196
196
24.5
196
196
196
24.5
24.5
24.5
46.1136
118.8
5
5
10
1
1
5
5
59.7
59.4
0.156
4.41
4.41
Cone
Value2
Preferred
3
237.6
20
99.5
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
99
100
99
98
98
99
99
99
100
100
100
100
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
48
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
99
98
>98
>98
Ref#
86687
80652
86773
90929
90929
92570
92570
92570
92617
87746
87746
87746
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101523
101527
98081
98081
98081
98081
98081
98081
98081
108484
101897
90929
101287
101287
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Allium
Amphiascus
Amphiascus
Aporrectodea
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis
Beta
Beta
Beta
Beta
Beta
Beta
Bos
Caenorhabditis
Chelonus
Chelonus
Chironomus
Ciona
Ciona
Cnaphalocrocis
Cnaphalocrocis
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Culex
Culex
Cycloneda
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Species
millepora
millepora
millepora
millepora
millepora
millepora
cepa
tenuiremis
tenuiremis
caliginosa
thaliana
thaliana
thaliana
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
taurus
elegans
blackburni
blackburni
tentans
intestinalis
intestinalis
medinalis
medinalis
japonica
japonica
japonica
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
sanguinea
magna
magna
magna
magna
Common Name
Coral
Coral
Coral
Coral
Coral
Coral
Common onion
Harpacticoid copepod
Harpacticoid copepod
Worm
Mouse-ear cress
Mouse-ear cress
Mouse-ear cress
Beet
Beet
Beet
Beet
Beet
Beet
Domesticated cattle
Nematode
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Midge
Sea squirt
Sea squirt
Rice leaf folder moth
Rice leaf folder moth
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Spotless Ladybird
Beetle
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
DVP
DVP
DVP
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
Meas
MMPH
MMPH
MMPH
MMPH
MMPH
MMPH
EMRG
MATR
MATR
MATR
GDVP
GDVP
GDVP
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
DFRM
DVLP
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
DVLP
DVLP
PUPA
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
PUPA
PUPA
TEMR
MATR
MATR
MATR
MATR
Endpt!
EC50
EC50
LOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
EC50
EC50
EC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
-11
16
16
84
10
10
10
21
21
21
21
21
21
-120
4
20
2
2
1
21
21
21
21
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
em
d
d
d
Ivp
Iva
d
d
d
em
em
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.001
0.00039
0.001
0.001
0.0003
0.0001
75
0.001
0.001
4
56
75
26
0.3115
0.3115
0.3115
0.3115
250
250
6.912
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.0000199
5.666
1.6
400
400
420
840
840
0.000004
0.000004
0.0045
0.0002495
0.000499
0.000499
0.0002495
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.001
0.0003
150
28
0.01
1E-04
3.2
840
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al g/10kg
sd
Al g/10kg
sd
cm3
ppm
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
Al %
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
25
98
98
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.2
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
4
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
Ref#
100575
100575
100575
100575
100575
100575
93323
87778
87778
63359
44356
44356
44356
89240
89240
89240
89240
89240
89240
67859
109042
93337
93337
89548
102068
102068
101321
101321
62611
62611
62611
103416
103416
68888
52531
52531
52531
52531
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daucus
Diaeretiella
Epitrix
Epitrix
Epitrix
Folsomia
Callus
Harmonia
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Species
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
carota
rapae
tuberis
tuberis
tuberis
Candida
domesticus
axyridis
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Wild carrot
Parasitoid Wasp
Tuber Flea Beetle
Tuber Flea Beetle
Tuber Flea Beetle
Springtail
Domestic Chicken
Asian lady beetle
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
Meas
MATR
MATR
MATR
MATR
MATR
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
MATR
WGHT
TEMR
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
21
21
21
21
21
9.9
1
35
55
51
23.8
7
1
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.000499
0.000499
37.5
0.03
2
2
2
4.31
4.418
0.0045
0.4
0.01
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Cone
Value2
Preferred
9.28
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al mg/L
%
Al g/10m
Alg/10m
Alg/10m
ug/g dry fd
ug/egg
Al %
ai g/kg sd
Al g/25
ml/m
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
Al g/25
ml/m
Al g/25
ml/m
Al g/25
ml/m
Al g/25
ml/m
Al g/3 ml/m
Al g/3 ml/m
Al g/3 ml/m
% Purity
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
25
100
15
15
15
100
47
4
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
93323
92825
96616
96616
96616
48438
108480
68888
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Hyla
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Paracentrotus
Species
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
annuus
versicolor
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
cuniculus
cuniculus
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
lividus
Common Name
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Gray tree frog
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
European rabbit
European rabbit
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Sea urchin,
Echinoderm
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
DVP
GRO
GRO
DVP
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
Meas
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
MMPH
BSCY
ABNM
ABNM
DFRM
CLFT
NORM
WGHT
WGHT
DVLP
DVLP
DVLP
CLFT
DFRM
DFRM
TERA
TERA
DFRM
TERA
TERA
DVLP
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC10
EC50
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
27
27
27
27
27
27
na
4
12
12
7
7
3
19
4
2
2
2
13
13
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
stg
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.01
0.01
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0449
0.003
10
0.1
40
40
80
6
1
0.0791
0.1535
0.08
250
250
0.002
0.0005
0.0005
0.001
0.00025
0.00025
0.3
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.449
25
1
80
80
Cone Units
Preferred
Al g/3 ml/m
Al g/3 ml/m
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
mg/L
ug/ml
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
44.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
75041
82041
93131
93131
92495
92495
92496
101892
101892
111791
111791
111791
86984
86984
19763
19763
19763
19763
19763
19763
102068
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Paracentrotus
Pennisetum
Poecilia
Poecilus
Pterostichus
Rana
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Species
lividus
glaucum
reticulata
versicolor
cupreus
pipiens
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
Common Name
Sea urchin,
Echinoderm
Pearl millet
Guppy
Carabid beetle
Ground beetle
Leopard frog
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
Meas
DVLP
EMRG
ABNM
EMRG
EMRG
DFRM
GRRT
WGHT
DVLP
SXDP
ABNM
SXDP
ABNM
WGHT
DFRM
DVLP
DVLP
DVLP
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
Endpt!
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
2
10
14
100
100
4
4
-95
100
<=70
2
>=22
16
15
10
100
2
2
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.05
33.6
0.0005
960
960
0.1984
1.5
4.83
2.4875
100
50
0.998
14.88
0.0966
150
2.4875
50
50
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.1
0.001
0.966
4.99
24.8
2.898
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
Al mg/eu
mg/L
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
AI g/25
ml/m
AI g/25
ml/m
AI g/25
ml/m
AI g/25
ml/m
AI g/25
ml/m
AI g/3 ml/m
% Purity
100
15
98
100
100
99.2
100
>96.6
99.5
100
100
99.8
99.2
>96.6
100
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
102068
86668
72831
64007
64007
62284
80652
93040
108487
93127
93418
82431
92585
93040
86984
108487
93418
93418
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Telenomus
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Species
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
remus
zillii
mossambica
mossambica
japonicum
japonicum
chilonis
pretiosum
pretiosum
pretiosum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
Common Name
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Parasitoid wasp
Tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitic Wasp
Parastic Wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
DVP
Meas
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
YLKA
MATR
MATR
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
EMRG
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
DFRM
DFRM
ABNM
ABNM
ABNM
DFRM
DFRM
DFRM
DFRM
ABNM
ABNM
DFRM
DFRM
ABNM
DFRM
DFRM
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC16
EC16
EC16
EC16
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC84
EC84
EC84
EC84
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
90
90
90
7 TO 10
7 TO 10
2.08E-02
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
120
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
120
4
10
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
em
em
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hpf
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hpf
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.01
0.0036
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.05
2000
240
240
240
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.06144
1 .24992
1.06144
0.12896
1 .69632
0.232128
0.1599246
1 .69632(1 .0
61 44 TO
2.728)
0.23808
0.511
0.035
2.728
0.430528
2.728
0.42656
0.0495
0.32
0.02
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.099
Cone Units
Preferred
Al g/3 ml/m
Al g/3 ml/m
Al g/3 ml/m
Al g/3 ml/m
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
ai g/kg sd
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
ml/acre
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
>99
99.2
99.2
99.8
99.8
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
>99
99.8
99.8
Ref#
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
64369
94655
72744
54793
54793
100115
100115
93333
110225
110225
110225
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
86343
86343
68227
68227
86343
86343
76738
68227
68227
73373
73373
86343
86343
68227
68227
76738
73373
73373
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Acris
Acris
Acris
Amblema
Anabaena
Anabaena
Anabaena
Anas
Anax
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Aulosira
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Species
crepitans
crepitans
crepitans
plicata
sp.
oryzae
oryzae
platyrhynchos
junius
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
salina
parthenogenetica
salina
fertilissima
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
Common Name
Cricket frog
Cricket frog
Cricket frog
Three-ridge, Mussel
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Mallard duck
Dragonfly
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Worm
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Blue-green algae
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
NITG
GPTR
NRDT
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
GSTR
GSTR
GSTR
CEST
GSTR
GSTR
CEST
CEST
ACHE
NITG
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
Endpt!
IC25
IC25
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
1
7
7
2
1
7
7
1
28
28
28
28
7
14
7
14
28
14
7
14
1
1
1
3
5
1
30
2
2.5
3
3.75
1 1 TO 23
8
18
4
8
18
4
8
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.01753326(
0.00589656
TO
0.0264255)
0.026681 46(
0.00300042
TO
0.04621026)
0.0948
0.09
0.96
25
5
420
0.00122
15
5.5
11.2
4
4
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
5.6
5.6
5.6
0.8
5.6
5.6
1.85
1.85
0.385
4.8
16
16
16
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
6.912
Cone
Value2
Preferred
50
25
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
9.6
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/ha
mg/L
ug/kg soil
ug/kg soil
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
cm2/org
cm2/org
ml
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
cm2/org
% Purity
47.4
47.4
47.4
99.8
>96
100
100
4
98.7
100
100
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
100
100
97
>96
100
100
100
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
Ref#
101727
101727
101727
61845
15095
75043
75051
62612
68927
92818
92818
71162
63359
63359
63600
63600
63600
63600
63600
63600
63600
63600
63600
63600
65812
65812
100777
15095
37678
37678
36944
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
37678
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Bos
Brachionus
Brachionus
Bubalus
Caenorhabditis
Calcarius
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Channa
Chironomus
Chironomus
Species
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
taurus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
bubalis
elegans
mccownn
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
punctata
tentans
npanus
Common Name
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Domesticated cattle
Rotifer
Rotifer
Water buffalo
Nematode
McCown's Longspur
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Snake-head catfish
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
ENZ
ENZ
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
GENZ
GENZ
GLPX
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
SGPT
SGPT
SGPT
SGPT
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACPH
ACHE
CEST
Endpt!
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOEL
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
8
36
57
4
0.0208333
0.0208333
42
1
9
42
1
7
14
28
56
56
7
7
9
g
730
730
365
365
42
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
88
1
7
14
28
88
10
10
10
10
10
15
2
Ojgi6667
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
6.gi2
6.gi2
16
16
6.gi2
1
2
0.05
0.1
0.56
0.488
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
o.oog72
o.oog72
0.02gi6
0.02gi6
2.gie
2.gie
2.gie
2.gie
0.488
1 .8544
1 .8544
1 .8544
1 .8544
1 .8544
1 .8544
1 .8544
1 .8544
1 .8544
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.037
0.00024875
0.0005
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.02gi6
0.02gi6
o.og72
o.og72
O.g76
Cone Units
Preferred
cm2/org
cm2/org
ml
ml
cm2/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ai kg/ha
ppm
%
%
%
%
%
%
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
%
%
%
%
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
43.2
43.2
100
100
43.2
100
100
100
g7.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
g7.2
g7.2
g7.2
g7.2
g7.2
g7.2
g7.2
g7.2
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
g7.e
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
gg.s
100
Ref#
37678
37678
36g44
36g44
37678
1605g
ieosg
1083ig
10g042
40006
g2504
93326
93326
93326
93326
93326
93326
37866
37866
37866
37866
37866
37866
37866
37866
g2504
g2504
g2504
g2504
g2504
g2504
g2504
g2504
g2504
g2504
93326
93326
93326
93326
93326
93326
93850
93850
93850
93850
93850
10g575
62472
62050
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Clarias
Clarias
Clarias
Clarias
Clarias
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Corbicula
Coturnix
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Daphnia
Dreissena
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eremophila
Euvola
Euvola
Euvola
Species
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
npanus
tentans
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
lazera
lazera
lazera
lazera
lazera
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
manilensis
coturnix
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
magna
polymorpha
fetida
fetida
alpestris
ziczac
ziczac
ziczac
Common Name
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Catfish
Catfish
Catfish
Catfish
Catfish
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
Asiatic clam
Quail
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
Water flea
Zebra mussel
earthworm
earthworm
horned lark
Zigzag Scallop
Zigzag Scallop
Zigzag Scallop
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
ENZ
BCM
BCM
BCM
ENZ
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
ESTE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ALIE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
NOEC
IC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
20
1
3
2
2
2
10
10
10
10
10
35
70
105
140
175
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
30
30
5
1
4
0.3333333
7
1
4
0.1666667
1
4
0.5
7
3
0.1666667
0.25
0.3333333
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0000199
0.00012
0.00024875
0.00024875
0.01
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.026736
0.026736
0.026736
0.026736
0.026736
100 TO
1000
100 TO
1000
100 TO
1000
100 TO
1000
100 TO
1000
100 TO
1000
1.5
6.7
3.4
100 TO
1000
1
54.9
12.987
0.000016
0.0003564
0.0014
0.0029
1 .0(0.9 TO
1.1)
0.00001
0.037
240
0.56
0.0000001
0.0000001
0.0000001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.05
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ppm
mg
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nM
mg/L
ug/cm2
mg/kg soil
ai kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99.5
>98
99.5
99.5
100
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
48
48
94
94
94
94
94
94
94%
100
100
94
94%
42.8
99.9
40
99
100
100
99
100
>98
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
95879
62046
105238
62472
49204
103283
93850
93850
93850
93850
93850
72842
72842
72842
72842
72842
39628
39628
39628
39628
39628
39628
35076
78023
78023
39628
35076
89740
54368
87858
48634
48634
48634
72805
88372
69664
93975
40006
66311
66311
66311
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Euvola
Euvola
Euvola
Euvola
Felis
Felis
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Species
ziczac
ziczac
ziczac
ziczac
catus
catus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
Common Name
Zigzag Scallop
Zigzag Scallop
Zigzag Scallop
Zigzag Scallop
Domestic cat
Domestic cat
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
BCHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
Endpt!
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
IC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
0.25
0.3333333
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
7
2
4
14
28
4
4
4
4
28
28
28
28
2
4
14
28
14
21
4
60
1
8.33E-02
70
105
175
210
70
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0000001
0.0000001
0.00001
0.00001
40
297
0.00165(0.0
007 TO
0.00384)
0.00154(0.0
004 TO
0.00599)
0.00419(0.0
008 TO
0.0218)
0.00464(0.0
01 53 TO
0.0141)
0.00046
0.00046
0.00233
0.00233
0.0024
0.0024
0.00283
0.00283
0.00063
0.00088
0.00177
0.00177
50
0.999
10
10
49.5
2.4
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00063
0.00125
0.0025
0.0025
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
mg/kg
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg/d
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
99.9
100
94
99
48
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
Ref#
66311
66311
66311
66311
101329
101531
72826
72826
72826
72826
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
72826
72826
72826
72826
38750
37995
90874
90149
101344
108196
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Species
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
Common Name
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
NEES
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
Endpt!
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
105
175
210
7
8
8
8.33E-02
7
35
7
21
35
70
105
175
210
70
105
175
21
210
35
7
35
7
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.999
0.999
0.999
20
0.96
150
5
0.999
0.999
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0.999
0.999
100
800
Cone
Value2
Preferred
80
1.92
11
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
% Purity
99.9
99.9
99.9
100
48
100
50
99.9
99.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.9
99.9
100
98
Ref#
37995
37995
37995
35986
108196
101891
108322
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
38750
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gammarus
Gastrophryne
Gastrophryne
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyla
Hyla
Ictalurus
Ictalurus
Ictalurus
Ictalurus
Ictalurus
Ictalurus
Ictalurus
Kiefferulus
Kiefferulus
Species
yucatana
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
yucatana
pulex
olivacea
olivacea
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
chrysoscelis
chrysoscelis
punctatus
punctatus
punctatus
punctatus
punctatus
punctatus
punctatus
calligaster
calligaster
Common Name
Yucatan Gambusia
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Yucatan Gambusia
Scud
Great Plains Narrow-
mouthed Toad
Great Plains Narrow-
mouthed Toad
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Southern grey tree frog
Southern grey tree frog
Channel catfish
Channel catfish
Channel catfish
Channel catfish
Channel catfish
Channel catfish
Channel catfish
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
CTLS
SODA
GLRE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
NKAT
ACHE
GSTR
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ALIE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
Endpt!
EC50
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
IC25
IC25
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
IC25
IC25
IC50
LC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
0.1666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
4
12
12
20
1
0.5
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
6
3
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00528(0.0
384 TO
0.00672)
0.095
0.297
0.297
0.297
0.297
0.012
0.36
0.00212826(
0.0011376
TO
0.00290088)
0.00210456(
0.0018486
TO
0.00223254)
0.04
0.04
1.5
0.04
0.14
0.00027966(
0.00024648
TO
0.0003555)
0.00038394(
0.00030336
TO
0.00171114)
0.0072
0.128
0.125
0.25
0.007
0.25
0.007
0.00038
0.00038
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.024
0.18
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.28
0.00102
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nM
mg/L
mg/L
nM
nM
nM
nM
nM
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
48
>95
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
48
100
47.4
47.4
100
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
47.4
47.4
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
80447
62030
108320
108320
108320
108320
80447
93045
101727
101727
56639
72746
72746
72763
72763
101727
101727
14034
14034
72743
67666
67666
67666
67666
103655
103655
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Kiefferulus
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Lepomis
Litopenaeus
Lycosa
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Species
calligaster
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
macrochirus
vannamei
hilaris
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
Common Name
Midge
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Bluegill
White shrimp
Wolf Spider
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
GSTR
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
GENZ
CEST
CEST
GENZ
PNAD
GSTR
CEST
GSTR
SCOT
ACHE
DHYG
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ASAT
ACHE
GSTR
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
Endpt!
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
ED50
IC50
IC50
IC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
3
10
10
10
10
10
2
7
1
0.1666667
<=8
5
0.1666667
3
0.1666667
1
4
30
4
14
0.1666667
8.33E-02
5
20
70
2
3
12
5
4
4
5
<=8
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00102
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.00043
0.004
0.75
6.86
50.8
15
34(22 TO
46)
25
1000
1
25
10.78
1
50
100
13.468
250
1
4.26
100
70
0.1
12.5
3
3
6
12.5
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00126
0.00086
1
25
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/ha
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
nM
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
>=98
100
100
100
100
96
100
100
>98
100
100
100
96.2
96
100
100
20
100
96.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
103655
93850
93850
93850
93850
93850
103283
49408
73642
87216
93364
93364
93529
92612
93130
93131
92613
81518
92626
92577
97331
101424
103152
101892
101892
108516
109020
93130
93131
93364
92626
92626
101892
93364
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Mus
Mytilus
Nostoc
Nostoc
NR
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Species
musculus
galloprovincialis
muscorum
muscorum
Parathelphusidae
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
tshawytscha
kisutch
kisutch
mykiss
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
tshawytscha
kisutch
mykiss
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
Common Name
House mouse
Mediterranean mussel
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
NR
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Chinook salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Chinook salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CEST
ACHE
GPTR
NRDT
ACPH
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
Endpt!
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
BMC08
BMC10
BMC10
EC10
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
ET50
ET50
ET50
ET50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
EC20
EC20
EC20
EC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
5
4
7
7
15
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
4
7
7
4
4
1.0416667
0.3158333
0.74625
1.1145833
1.4529167
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1.56
4.5
5
5
0.0024
0.0005
0.0004
0.0006
0.0003
0.0037
0.0003
0.0006
0.00001
0.0006
0.00131
0.00131
0.0012
0.00496
0.0003135
0.04352
0.03589
0.0306
0.02578
0.04352
0.03589
0.0306
0.02578
0.0002
0.00015
0.00039
0.00042
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00259
0.00259
0.0073
0.00992
0.00095
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
20
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.5
99.3
99.3
100
99.3
99.2
98
99.5
99.2
>=95
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
100
100
100
100
Ref#
93364
109621
75043
75051
108873
80431
80431
80431
80431
91827
82495
80431
92497
80431
75184
82495
81329
101435
92497
109601
109601
109601
109601
109601
109601
109601
109601
92616
92616
92616
92616
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Phasianus
Pimephales
Pimephales
Potamopyrgus
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
colchicus
promelas
promelas
antipodarum
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
boylii
boylii
sphenocephala
catesbeiana
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
ring-necked pheasant
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Snail
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Foothill Yellow-legged
Frog
Foothill Yellow-legged
Frog
Leopard frog
Bullfrog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
GENZ
GENZ
GENZ
GENZ
GENZ
GENZ
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
Endpt!
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
IC25
IC25
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
ED50
ED50
ED50
ED50
Endpt2
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2.5
2
1
4
12
4
4
12
15
12
12
7
0.1666667
0.1666667
14
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00027
0.00087
0.00056(0.0
0027 TO
0.00117)
0.00028(0.0
001 8 TO
0.00044)
0.00175(0.0
0043 TO
0.00715)
0.00049
0.00036
0.00009
0.00001
0.00009
0.000005
0.00007
0.00007
1116
0.00887
0.0249
2.65
0.03683454
0.02589936(
0.0159738
TO
0.04058388)
0.5
0.005
94.8
1.35
0.00474
0.00474
1 .47 TO
2.842
3.822
4.312
1.1 76 TO
2.156
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00103
13.12
0.0474
0.0474
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ai g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
uM
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ai kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
99.5
100
47.4
47.4
99
99
47.4
100
47.4
47.4
>98
>98
>98
>98
Ref#
92616
92616
72741
72741
72741
51679
51679
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
58076
91730
103283
108491
101727
101727
92498
92498
101289
86343
101289
101289
101287
101287
101287
101287
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
GENZ
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
GLPX
ACHE
CEST
CEST
HXKN
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
BCHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ALIE
Endpt!
ED50
ED50
ED50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
14
14
14
0.0625
0.0625
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
4
14
1
1
0.25
0.25
56
1
360
360
60
60
6
6
8.33E-02
0.03125
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.03125
7
7
5
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
3.234
1.47
0.49
495
495
50
30
100
99
41
277.2
78
78
13.5
83.58
45
1
0.099
0.099
1.5
3
248.75
1.5
2.97
7.35
23.03
66.64
0.2
9.9
9.9
100
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
bdwt/d
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
% Purity
>98
>98
>98
>99
>99
100
100
100
99
100
99
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
99
99
100
100
99.5
100
>99
98
98
98
100
>99
>99
100
Ref#
101287
101287
101287
91395
91395
91393
91393
92492
59712
92819
86316
85636
85636
93536
93537
80972
80972
86687
86687
80616
80616
80515
80652
87642
92583
92583
92583
80652
81519
81519
64114
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
ALIE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
SODA
PKSC
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
BCHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
P450
CACA
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ADCY
CEST
ACHE
ALPH
ASAT
AATT
ACHE
ALPH
CYB5
NCCR
NACR
APND
CEST
CEST
CEST
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
NOAEL
NOAEL
Dur
Preferred
15
6
14
22
56
1
>=2
1
2
4
2
4
-24
4
-43
-43
4
28
0.25
133
133
56
42
4
1
0.1666667
0.3333333
60
25
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
5
91
91
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
dpn
dpn
dpn
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
100
3
6
12
13.5
41
250
3
59.4
60
59.4
60
0.099
60
0.099
0.099
60
0.147
10
0.966
0.966
13.5
1
13.4325
37.81
83.58
1.98
1
280
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
5
1
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0966
0.0966
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
99
100
-99
100
-99
-99
100
98
100
>96.6
>96.6
100
100
99.5
99.5
99.5
99
100
100
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
100
100
100
100
100
95.7
95.7
Ref#
64114
64114
64114
64114
86700
78778
80582
80698
86773
92618
86773
92618
83931
92618
83931
83931
92618
90929
93294
93040
93040
92619
92627
92578
92578
92578
93535
87746
93322
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
100360
92619
92619
92619
92619
101292
101288
101288
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CEST
ORDC
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CACA
ALIE
ALIE
ALIE
ALIE
ALIE
ASAT
ALIE
ALIE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
GLPX
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ALPH
ASAT
AATT
CTLS
SODA
GSTR
GLPX
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
5
0.3333333
-4
-4
-12
-12
-8
-8
-10
-4
-8
-8
-8
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
15
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
<=7
<=7
<=7
20
1
5
90
1
1
12
7
7
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
7
49
29
14
3
2
1.375
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1
45
196
196
196
196
6.125
6.125
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
196
80
80
80
80
80
800
13.3
13.3
15
60
75
39.6
49.5
196
20
277.2
69.3
46.1136
125
60
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
15
60
75
273.42
89.1
45
50
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
% Purity
100
100
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
>=98
100
100
100
100
100
50
>95
>95
100
100
100
99
99
>=98
100
99
99
48
100
100
>=96.5
>=96.5
>=96.5
>=96.5
>=96.5
>=96.5
>=96.5
100
100
100
>98
99
100
100
Ref#
101292
101290
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
101286
100590
100590
100590
100590
100590
100854
100917
100917
101328
101328
101328
101330
101344
101333
101332
101423
101423
101523
101525
101525
101426
101426
101426
101426
101426
101426
101426
101430
101430
101430
101437
101527
101529
101529
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CTLS
CTLS
GLPX
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
ACHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CACA
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
1.375
1.375
4
8
147
2
34
12
64
60
60
28
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
4
10
0.1458333
2
6.1666667
6.1666667
6.1666667
6.1666667
10
56
0.1458333
0.1666667
0.1666667
5
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
45
50
50
24.5
6.125
15
273.42
5
1
1
1
1
248.75
60
30
1
3.96
9.95
250
5
5
5
5
40
59.4
20
7.275
65.96
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
98
98
100
>98
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
>98
>99
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
>=97
>=97
100
Ref#
101529
101529
101529
101433
101433
101526
101431
95963
98081
98081
98081
98081
96654
69387
69387
104726
104725
108484
108195
108518
108518
108518
108518
109625
101897
105155
107510
107510
101895
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CACA
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
SODA
CEST
CACA
SODA
SODA
ACHE
SODA
CEST
CEST
CEST
ALIE
ALIE
CTLS
GLPX
GLRE
GSTR
CEST
ALIE
ALIE
CEST
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
5
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
2
2
112
44
44
28
28
0.1666667
3
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
56
56
56
56
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
5
1
1
5
5
40
70
1
2.5
18
6.6825
6.6825
7.84
2.5
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
13.23
13.23
13.23
13.23
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
98
100
99
99
99
99
99
>98
>98
>98
>98
99
99
99
99
Ref#
101895
107548
107548
107548
107548
108801
108801
108976
108380
108380
111786
111786
111524
112004
93535
93535
93535
93535
93535
86700
86700
86700
86700
93535
93535
93535
93535
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CEST
GENZ
CEST
CEST
SGPT
SGPT
ACHE
GENZ
GENZ
ACHE
GENZ
GENZ
GENZ
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ESTE
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
ASAT
AATT
AHHD
CEST
CEST
CACA
GENZ
GENZ
CEST
GLPX
GLPX
GLPX
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
ADCY
Endpt!
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
0.1666667
14
7
7
730
730
16
<=10
<=10
>=182
9
13
5
28
91
91
21
7
28
-73
-65
49
49
56
56
56
730
730
-8
42
42
14
2
2
1.375
12
4
64
50
50
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
7.92
20
0.0972
0.0972
2.916
2.916
4.96
1
1
250
5
5
40
0.147
0.1
0.1
7
7
10
1
1
5
5
13.5
13.5
13.5
0.1
0.1
196
19.9
19.9
39.6
45
45
50
5
40
1
5
5
Cone
Value2
Preferred
2.916
2.916
14.88
1
1
5
5
1
1
5
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
99
100
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.2
99.2
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
98.1
98.1
100
100
98.1
100
100
100
100
>98
>98
100
95.7
95.7
>=98
>99.5
>99.5
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
93535
36173
37866
37866
37866
37866
92585
90091
90091
80582
93482
93482
93482
90929
52006
52006
92580
92580
87234
87746
87746
87746
87746
100360
100360
92619
101288
101288
101286
100918
100918
101330
101529
101529
101529
95963
95963
98081
98081
98081
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Ruditapes
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
decussatus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Clam
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
GLPX
SODA
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CTLS
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
30
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
14
14
14
14
14
7
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
3.781
2.5
1.47
0.735
0.147
14.7
0.735
1.47
0.735
0.735
0.735
1.47
0.147
0.441
0.3
27.888
33.864
27.888
33.864
17.928
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0.02
0.02
0.075
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.02
Cone
Value2
Preferred
7.562
5
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/250g
bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99.5
100
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
50
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
Ref#
101889
112004
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
101287
109600
71884
71884
71884
71884
71884
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Scapharca
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Species
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
inaequivalvis
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
Common Name
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
Arcid blood clam
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
Meas
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
LGLY
LGLY
GSTR
GSTR
GSTR
HAHY
LGLY
LGLY
LGLY
LGLY
HAHY
LGLY
LGLY
GSTR
GSTR
GSTR
HAHY
HAHY
HAHY
HAHY
ANAE
ANAE
ANAE
CEST
ANAE
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
BCHE
BCHE
BCHE
ANAE
Endpt!
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
15
4
15
15
4
15
15
15
4
15
4
15
15
4
15
4
4
4
15
4
4
0.125
0.25
0.25
13
1
3
8
13
3
8
13
3
8
13
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dph
d
dph
dph
dph
dph
dph
dph
dph
dph
dph
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.005
0.005
0.015
0.015
0.01
0.01
0.01
108.564
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
10
10
10
1.35
10
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
10
Cone
Value2
Preferred
338.64
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/3.5L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ai kg/ha
mg/kg bdwt
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
100
Ref#
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
71884
93251
93251
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
90040
39786
39786
39786
64826
39786
64826
64826
64826
64826
64826
64826
64826
64826
64826
39786
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Tapes
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Valvata
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Agelaius
Agelaius
Anax
Anax
Anax
Species
philippinarum
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
zillii
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
piscinalus
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
junius
jiinius
junius
Common Name
Japanese littleneck
clam
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
European Stream
Valvata
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
ENZ
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
Meas
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
MGAT
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
ACHE
CEST
CEST
ACHE
CEST
CEST
CEST
ACHE
CEST
CEST
FCNS
FCNS
STRK
FCNS
FTIM
Endpt!
NOAEL
IC50
IC50
IC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
2
2
2
90
35
35
35
35
35
35
2
2
2
15
0.25
15
1
8
9
1
8
9
15
15
15
15
15
2
2
7
2.5
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.024
0.00386(0.0
0283 TO
0.00512)
0.00075(0.0
0044 TO
0.00107)
0.00053(0.0
0031 TO
0.00072)
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0005
0.0005
0.001
0.0048
0.00168
0.0048
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0048
0.0048
0.0048
0.0048
0.0048
0.012
0.012
13.12
0.0006
0.0992
0.00992
0.099
0.00992
0.000992
1.13
0.28
0.00122
0.00122
0.00122
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.06
0.06
0.00992
0.00099
0.0992
0.00992
0.56
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
uM
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ml/kg
ml/kg
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
100
100
100
40
48
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
40
40
40
40
100
100
100
99.5
99.2
99.2
>99
99.2
99.2
100
100
98.7
98.7
98.7
Ref#
93292
92620
92620
92620
72744
72744
72744
72744
72744
72744
72744
92620
92620
92620
69824
75203
69824
94103
94103
94103
94103
94103
94103
69824
69824
69824
69824
69824
104486
104486
108491
91730
68227
68227
93533
86343
86343
92506
92506
68927
68927
68927
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Anax
Anax
Aphidius
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Brachionus
Brachionus
Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis
Calcarius
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Ceriodaphnia
Cnaphalocrocis
Cryptolaemus
Diabrotica
Eremophila
Callus
Callus
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Paramecium
Phasianus
Phasianus
Phasianus
Porcellio
Rattus
Species
junius
junius
ervi
sp.
sp.
mellifera
mellifera
calyciflorus
plicatilis
elegans
elegans
elegans
mccownn
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
dubia
medinalis
montrouzieri
undecimpunctata
alpestris
domesticus
domesticus
zea
zea
integer
integer
integer
integer
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
aurelia
colchicus
colchicus
colchicus
scaber
norvegicus
Common Name
Dragonfly
Dragonfly
Parasitic Wasp
Bee
Bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Rotifer
Rotifer
Nematode
Nematode
Nematode
McCown's Longspur
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Water flea
Rice leaf folder moth
Mealybug destroyer
Western Spotted
Cucumber Beetle
horned lark
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Ciliate
ring-necked pheasant
ring-necked pheasant
ring-necked pheasant
Common rough
wood louse
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
FOB
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
Effect
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
Meas
FTIM
FCNS
PRBE
FDNG
FDNG
GFDB
GFDB
GFDB
GFDB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
GFDB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
GFDB
FCNS
FCNS
FDNG
GFDB
FCNS
FEFF
FCNS
FCNS
FECL
FECL
FECL
FECL
STRK
STRK
STRK
FDNG
STRK
GFDB
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FDNG
Endpt!
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
EC50
EC50
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
BMC10
EC10
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
0.0243056
0.0416667
1
1
1
3
730
730
365
365
0.0416667
3
3
364
364
1
1
2
2
4
7
4
4
4
4
4
0.0416667
8
2
8
14
53
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Ivp
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00122
0.00122
0.54
0.03
0.01
1.12
1.12
0.25
1.5
1
2.2
1.4
0.56
2.916
2.916
2.916
2.916
0.005
400
0.05
0.01
0.56
200
200
9.7
9.7
0.0001
0.000072
0.000072
0.000072
0.0004
0.0003
0.0012
0.0006
0.0018
3
550
1116
550
0.01
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.03
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0006
0.0012
0.0025
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
ng/cm2
%
%
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
uM
uM
uM
ai kg/ha
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
ppm
%
ppm
ai kg/ha
ppm
ppm
ug/org
ug/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ai g/ha
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
98.7
98.7
99.1
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.2
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
97
100
100
100
100
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
25
100
25
100
100
Ref#
68927
68927
72495
92825
92825
64812
64812
13660
14918
108507
108507
108507
40006
37866
37866
37866
37866
14918
101321
111212
66612
40006
38746
38746
68739
68739
77062
60867
77062
77062
80431
80431
80431
80431
80431
14918
47473
58076
47473
108888
95963
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rhyzopertha
Sitophilus
Steinernema
Steinernema
Tilapia
Anopheles
Bos
Caenorhabditis
Channa
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Crepis
Callus
Callus
Callus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
dominica
oryzae
feltiae
feltiae
mossambica
maculatus
taurus
elegans
punctata
tentans
riparius
tentans
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
capillaris
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Lesser grain borer
Rice weevil
Nematode
Nematode
Mozambique tilapia
Mosquito
Domesticated cattle
Nematode
Snake-head catfish
Midge
Midge
Midge
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Smooth Hawksbeard
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Effect
Group
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
BEH
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Effect
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
Meas
FDNG
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FDNG
WCON
FCNS
FCNS
FDNG
FDNG
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
FCNS
PRBE
PRBE
FTIM
CABR
CABR
GEXP
DAMG
GEXP
GEXP
RNAC
MNUC
CABR
CABR
CABR
MNUC
CABR
MNUC
CABR
CABR
CABR
CABR
CABR
MITA
MITA
MITA
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
53
56
10
730
730
>=22
0.1666667
11
91
91
56
56
30
28
49
49
2
2
90
>1
-120
1
1
1
1
20
8.33E-02
0.25
0.75
1 .0833333
8.33E-02
0.75
0.25
1 .0833333
1 .0833333
0.25
0.75
0.25
0.8333333
0.8333333
0.8333333
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1
248.75
40
2.916
2.916
4.99
40
250
15
15
248.75
248.75
22.686
0.156
6
6
691.2
691.2
0.02
2
6.912
0.001
0.203
0.001
0.001984
0.0000995
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.0375
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
50
555
1110
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.01
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/250g
bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
cm3
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
ug
ug
ug
% Purity
100
99.5
100
97.2
97.2
99.8
100
100
95.7
95.7
99.5
99.5
99.5
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
43.2
100
20
100
99.2
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
95963
96654
109625
37866
37866
82431
92623
92617
101288
101288
96654
96654
101889
90929
70789
70789
109598
109598
54793
86588
67859
109042
101153
90390
109624
89548
64643
64643
64643
64643
93362
64643
64643
64643
64643
64643
64643
64643
67859
67859
67859
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
Effect
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
Meas
MIMN
APOP
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DPTR
DPTR
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
MRNA
GEXP
CKMR
GEXP
GEXP
MRNA
MRNA
CFSM
DNAC
GEXP
DNAS
DNAS
DNAS
DNAS
GEXP
GGEN
BNFM
RNAC
RNAC
DNAC
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEL
LOEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
3
4
1
3
2
14
28
2
3
4
3
4
2
4
4
4
5
4
6
6
1
42
5
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
28
1
10
5
5
5
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
40
0.003
0.2772
4.4352
0.5544
75
75
0.2772
2.2176
8.8704
2.2176
8.8704
0.2772
0.0012
0.0037
0.0012
1
0.5
1.5
1.5
248.75
1
1
2
11
0.12
11
5
248.75
3.96
1
5
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.5544
4.4352
0.0073
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
ug/ml
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
99
99
99
100
100
99
99
99
99
99
99
100
99.5
99.5
100
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
>99
100
100
100
Ref#
92496
82041
87473
87473
87473
97331
97331
87473
87473
87473
87473
87473
87473
81815
108805
108470
92241
92566
93532
93532
80515
92627
100305
101290
101290
101290
101290
101343
96654
104725
108488
108488
108494
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Tradescantia
Vicia
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Acer
Acer
Acris
Agaricus
Agelaius
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
sp.
faba
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
rubrum
rubrum
crepitans
bisporus
phoeniceus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Spiderwort
Faba Bean
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Red maple
Red maple
Cricket frog
Champignon
mushroom
red-winged blackbird
Effect
Group
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GEN
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
DNAC
DNAS
DNAB
DNAB
GEXP
GRHR
APOP
ACHR
ACHR
ACHR
ACHR
ACHR
ACHR
ACHR
ACHR
MRNA
MRNA
GRHR
GRHR
GRHR
GRHR
GRHR
BRAK
MNUC
DNAC
DNAC
DNAC
DNAC
DMTR
DMTR
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
NOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
5
5
4
10
5
55
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
35
28
25
35
32
33
45
1.25
2
4
4
4
4
1095
1095
4
21
8
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
5
1
5
1
1
1
50
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
60
75
1
1
1
1
1
50
16600
0.00992
9.92
0.000992
9.92
0.12
0.12
0.0948
10
50
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00099
0.00992
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/1 00 L
Al kg/1 00 L
mg/L
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
15
100
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
23.5
23.5
47.4
20
94
Ref#
108494
101896
101894
101894
111973
69251
93418
100306
100306
100306
100306
100306
100306
100306
100306
101430
101430
69251
69251
69251
69251
69251
73531
93335
68227
86343
86343
68227
109028
109028
101727
87134
72659
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Allium
Americamysis
Anabaena
Anabaena
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aulosira
Biomphalaria
Biomphalaria
Bombus
Brassica
Caenorhabditis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Capsicum
Capsicum
Capsicum
Capsicum
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Cnaphalocrocis
Colinus
Colinus
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Crassostrea
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Species
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
cepa
bahia
sp.
oryzae
caliginosa
caliginosa
fertilissima
alexandrina
alexandrina
impatiens
rapa
elegans
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
annuum
annuum
annuum
annuum
tentans
tentans
tentans
medinalis
virgmianus
virgmianus
japonica
japonica
japonica
virginica
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
Common Name
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
Common onion
Opossum shrimp
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Worm
Worm
Blue-green algae
Snail
Snail
Bumble Bee
Toria
Nematode
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Midge
Midge
Midge
Rice leaf folder moth
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
American or Virginia
oyster
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
HGHT
GGRO
GGRO
BMAS
WGHT
WGHT
GGRO
DMTR
DMTR
WGHT
LGTH
LGTH
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
DWGT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
SIZE
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
Endpt!
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
MATC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
2
4
6
1
22
28
<=35
7
28
28
<=35
56
56
14
6
1
365
365
730
730
-70
-70
-70
-70
20
2
2
30
30
4
36
3.5
1.5
21
21
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Ivp
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2
50
2
2
37.5
0.000002
TO
0.000004
4.8
25
4
4
4.8
0.24
0.12
1.12
0.15
0.1
2.916
2.916
2.916
2.916
1
1
1
1
0.0000199
0.1
0.002
400
6.7
3.4
840
840
840
0.27
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035 TO
0.00043
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.0002495
0.000499
Cone
Value2
Preferred
75
0.96
50
28
28
0.96
0.3
1E-04
0.02
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
Al mg/L
mg/L
ppm
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/ha
%AI
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
94
94
94
94
25
>96
100
40
40
>96
48
48
50
100
100
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.2
100
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.8
99.8
Ref#
72659
72659
72659
72659
93323
3750
15095
67667
63359
63359
15095
62154
62154
69721
53779
109042
37866
37866
37866
37866
82730
82730
82730
82730
89548
90390
108489
101321
78023
78023
62611
62611
62611
15259
61962
61962
61962
52531
52531
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daucus
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Gastrophryne
Species
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
carinata
carinata
carota
andrei
fetida
fetida
fetida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
olivacea
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Wild carrot
Earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Great Plains Narrow-
mouthed Toad
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
DWGT
LGTH
LGTH
HGHT
GAIN
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
WGHT
LGTH
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
WGHT
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
0.5
2.5
4.5
0.25
0.5
1.25
4.25
0.5
2.5
3.5
2.75
21
21
22
21
28
42
56
35
35
35
35
120
20
60
13
13
7
7
210
<=14
364
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.000499
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.000499
0.000499
0.00035
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00038
0.00069
0.00069 TO
0.00075
0.00067 TO
0.00069
0.00068 TO
0.00069
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035 TO
0.00038
0.00072 TO
0.0008
0.00005
0.0000498
37.5
50
60
5
5
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.028
20
10
10
0.032
0.032
200
20
0.999
2222
200
0.0474
Cone
Value2
Preferred
80
20
20
80
0.0948
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/g dry fd
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ug/em
ppm
mg/L
% Purity
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.6
99.6
25
40
100
100
100
100
100
94
100
100
98
100
99.9
100
100
47.4
Ref#
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
107384
107384
93323
71160
111694
111694
111694
40227
40227
40227
40227
48438
90874
90149
72830
72830
38750
35986
37995
67859
38746
101727
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Gastrophryne
Glycine
Glycine
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Hyalella
Hyla
Hyla
Hyla
Hyla
Lagenidium
Lagenidium
Lagenidium
Lagenidium
Lens
Lens
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lycopersicon
Lycopersicon
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Neomysis
Neomysis
Nostoc
Oncorhynchus
Species
olivacea
max
max
zea
zea
zea
azteca
versicolor
versicolor
chrysoscelis
chrysoscelis
giganteum
giganteum
giganteum
giganteum
culinaris
culinaris
cyanellus
macrochirus
esculentum
esculentum
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
integer
integer
muscorum
mykiss
Common Name
Great Plains Narrow-
mouthed Toad
Soybean
Soybean
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Scud
Gray tree frog
Gray tree frog
Southern grey tree frog
Southern grey tree frog
Fungus
Fungus
Fungus
Fungus
Lentil
Lentil
Green sunfish
Bluegill
Tomato
Tomato
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Blue-green algae
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
WGHT
WGHT
HGHT
WGHT
WGHT
RLGR
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GRRT
GRRT
GRRT
GRRT
HGHT
HGHT
WGHT
SIZE
SIZE
SIZE
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
WGHT
GAIN
GAIN
BMAS
GGRO
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
ET50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
IC10
IC10
IC50
IC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
IC25
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
9
na
0.91
1
1
49
14
na
4
12
7
7
7
7
75
75
17
-84
NA
21
3
12
12
7
0.25
21
7
5
5
70
<=7
7
2
7
-91 .32
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
stg
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0474
0.1246
1.338
9.7
9.7
9.7
0.24
0.0449
0.0449
0.0474
0.0948
6.2
76.1
569.9(316
TO 11 78)
1439.7(907
TO 2900)
0.6408
0.6408
0.51
0.0001236
0.5352
0.5352
3
2.964
10
10
80
50
3
80
6
4.26
12.5
0.0001
0.0001
50
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0948
0.2492
0.449
0.449
0.0948
6.29
0.00041
25
75
90
25
75
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
nM
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ug/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
%AI
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
%AI
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
47.4
100
100
97
97
97
99.2
44.9
44.9
47.4
47.4
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
41.2
100
100
3
98.8
100
100
100
100
3
100
100
100
20
100
100
100
100
Ref#
101727
68422
93320
68739
68739
68739
72746
75041
75041
101727
101727
66427
66427
66427
66427
90694
90694
16806
62037
82478
82478
49731
110644
93131
93131
92495
93364
49731
72917
101892
101892
108516
93364
77062
77062
67667
18134
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Panicum
Pennisetum
Phasianus
Pheretima
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pinus
Pinus
Pomacentrus
Porcellio
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
mykiss
mykiss
tshawytscha
cuniculus
cuniculus
argentinus
pugio
pugio
virgatum
glaucum
colchicus
sp.
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
elliottii
elliottii
amboinensis
scaber
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Chinook salmon
European rabbit
European rabbit
Caridean Shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Switchgrass
Pearl millet
ring-necked pheasant
Earthworm
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Slash pine
Slash pine
Ambon Damselfish
Common rough
wood louse
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
GGRO
GGRO
WGHT
GAIN
WGHT
LGTH
WGHT
LGTH
VGOR
DWGT
WGHT
WGHT
WWGT
WWGT
LGTH
WGHT
WWGT
HGHT
HGHT
LGTH
WGHT
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
Endpt!
IC25
IC25
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
MATC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
-91 .32
-91 .32
60
13
90
90
45
45
28
21
2
21
7
7
15
>10
7
1
1
6
14
12
12
12
4
4
2
2
2
56
42
0.1666667
-10
<=2. 08333
333333333
-10
-13
-13
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.000005
TO
0.002337
0.000007
TO
0.002713
0.0037
100
7.03
0.0000024
0.00019309
0.00019309
1 .9624
67.2
1116
480000
0.00615
0.00431
0.51
0.018525
0.00302
12.934
12.934
0.05
0.1
94.8
0.00474
0.00474
0.0474
0.000474
277.2
25
50
13.5
1
2
196
45
24.5
24.5
24.5
277.2
Cone
Value2
Preferred
250
6.29
0.0247
0.125
0.0474
0.0474
0.0948
0.00474
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Al mg/eu
ai g/ha
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
mg/L
ppm
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
% Purity
99.5
100
25
48
99.8
99.8
100
15
100
100
22.4
22.4
100
24.7
22.4
100
100
99.5
100
47.4
47.4
47.4
47.4
47.4
99
100
100
100
100
100
>=98
100
>=98
>=98
>=98
99
Ref#
18134
18134
108805
86984
92599
101421
72409
72409
111271
86668
58076
62642
17878
17878
16806
101293
17878
90506
90506
75183
108888
101289
101289
101289
101727
101727
86316
85448
85448
92619
92627
101290
101286
101290
101286
101286
101286
101423
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
WGHT
WGHT
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
10
2
10
3
5
7
4
4
10
1
1
60
90
120
10
730
730
<=70
<=49
150
150
4
6
6
60
60
60
>=22
5
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
dpn
dpn
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
9.9
24.5
273.42
3.96
3.96
5
250
5
5
40
7.275
65.96
5
5
5
50
2.916
2.916
100
100
1
1
155.22
1.5
1.5
0.099
0.099
0.099
4.99
5
1.5
Cone
Value2
Preferred
100
277.605
3
3
10
3
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
99
98
>98
>99
>99
100
100
100
100
100
>=97
>=97
100
100
100
100
97.2
97.2
100
100
100
100
99.5
100
100
99
99
99
99.8
100
100
Ref#
101427
101433
101431
104725
104725
108494
108195
108518
108518
109625
107510
107510
108902
108902
108902
86984
37866
37866
93127
93127
92500
92500
93537
93532
93532
86687
86687
86687
82431
92581
80652
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
GAIN
GAIN
WGHT
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
12
11
3
3
-47
-47
3
3
28
28
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
15
91
7
72
21
7
3
4
11
10
91
91
10
730
730
12
10
0.1666667
1
28
4
51
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
dpn
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.35
4.96
60
60
0.099
0.099
60
60
0.147
0.147
9.95
9.95
9.95
100
15
2.898
5
7
7
50
250
50
5
5
15
1
1
10
1.47
7.35
0.12
196
5
1
2.4875
Cone
Value2
Preferred
14.88
24.875
49.75
49.75
14.49
250
250
15
10
4.41
14.7
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
99.2
100
100
-99
-99
100
100
98
98
99.5
99.5
99.5
98.1
98.1
>96.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95.7
95.7
100
95.7
95.7
>98
>98
100
>=98
100
>98
99.5
Ref#
80652
92585
92618
92618
83931
83931
92618
92618
90929
90929
92628
92628
92628
52006
52006
93040
92627
92580
92580
92617
92617
92617
101292
101288
101288
101292
101288
101288
101287
101287
101290
101333
101343
104726
108487
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Tilapia
Tilapia
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
exigua
frugiperda
exigua
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
mossambica
mossambica
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Beet army worm
Fall armyworm
Beet army worm
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
Mozambique tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Meas
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
HGHT
HGHT
HGHT
HGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
COND
COND
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
95
5
30
6
6
95
0.1458333
10
10
30
14
14
28
28
28
28
-35
12
-35
8
8
3
13
1
2
4
6
10
13
90
90
Dur Unit
Preferred
dpn
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dph
d
dph
dph
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2.4875
1
17.5
5
5
3.98
29.85
1
5
18
1.47
7.35
0.5
0.5
0.5
4
1
0.5
1
1.35
50
1.35
1.35
2
2
2
2
2
2
0.01
0.005
Cone
Value2
Preferred
5
59.7
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
oz/cwt sd
Al Ib/acre
ppm
Al Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
mg/kg bdwt
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99.5
100
100
100
100
99.5
99.5
100
100
100
>98
>98
4
15
4
50
100
>95
100
15
94
15
15
94
94
94
94
94
94
100
100
Ref#
108487
108494
108473
108518
108518
108487
108484
101894
101894
108380
101287
101287
101148
101148
101148
101148
82730
90474
82730
64826
72659
64826
64826
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
54793
54793
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Oryctolagus
Ovis
Ovis
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Ovis
Ovis
Ovis
Ovis
Species
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
cuniculus
aries
aries
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
aries
aries
aries
aries
Common Name
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
European rabbit
Domestic Sheep
Domestic Sheep
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Domestic Sheep
Domestic Sheep
Domestic Sheep
Domestic Sheep
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
CEL
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HIS
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
Meas
BMAS
LGTH
WGHT
WGHT
VGOR
GGRO
GGRO
VGOR
VGOR
HGHT
VGOR
VGOR
HGHT
HGHT
HGHT
HGHT
HGHT
MAPH
CSTS
CSTS
PNCH
DEGN
DEGN
LESI
MAPH
PRLF
HYPL
DOPA
DOPA
ADDN
VASO
DOPA
THYR
THYR
CRTS
INSL
LUTH
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
7
33
52
42
42
40
14
14
77
77
77
77
21
13
36
43
1
21
21
91
10
4
730
14
14
5
150
14
3
36
36
36
36
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00992
0.000992
0.992
0.0992
0.11
1
1
0.11
0.11
1
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
250
12.5
12.5
41
59.4
59.4
15
150
250
1
3.8
100
3.12
3
50
2.964
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0992
0.00992
9.92
0.992
10
100
5.928
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/m
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al Ib/acre
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
mM
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
100
100
100
100
99
99
98.1
100
100
95.7
>=99
>=99
100
100
100
98.8
100
100
100
100
Ref#
71867
71867
86343
86343
93417
97877
97877
62641
62641
79782
93417
93417
99110
99110
99110
99110
99110
86984
61494
61494
92819
86773
86773
52006
86984
92617
101288
92572
92572
93364
111789
92577
110644
61494
61494
61494
61494
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Ovis
Palaemonetes
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
aries
pugio
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Domestic Sheep
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
Effect
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
Meas
LUTH
STRD
THYR
DOPA
SRTN
SRTN
SRTN
SRTN
SRTN
SRTN
SRTN
NORE
NORE
NORE
NORE
TSTR
ESDL
SRTN
SRTN
SRTN
SRTN
DOPA
THYR
DOPA
NORE
SRTN
TRII
SRTN
SRTN
NORE
NORE
NORE
NORE
CORT
Endpt!
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
NOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
36
45
<=161
30
30
30
30
34
34
49
49
60
19
49
49
15
15
4
4
34
34
30
10
5
5
21
<=49
150
150
30
30
60
19
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
dpn
dpn
dpn
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
12.5
0.00011736
1
1
1
5
1
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.98
1
5
1
5
7
7
1
1
5
5
250
40
1
5
5
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
60
Cone
Value2
Preferred
1
100
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
% Purity
100
99.8
100
100
100
100
100
>99.6
>99.6
>99.6
>99.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
61494
72409
93127
92499
92499
92499
92499
81273
81273
81273
81273
92625
92625
92625
92625
101456
101456
95963
95963
95963
95963
108195
109625
101895
101895
109599
93127
92500
92500
92625
92625
92625
92625
92618
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Agamermis
Arachis
Arachis
Callirhytis
Eisenia
Oscinella
Oscinella
Plutella
Popillia
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Schistosoma
Beta
Brassica
Cajanus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
unka
hypogaea
hypogaea
cornigera
andrei
sp.
sp.
xylostella
japonica
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
mansoni
vulgaris
rapa
cajan
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Parasitic nematode
Peanut
Peanut
Parasitic Wasp
Earthworm
Frit Fly
Frit Fly
Diamondback moth
Japanese beetle
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Trematode parasite
Beet
Turnip
Pigeonpea
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Effect
Group
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
GRO
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
BCM
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Effect
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
HRM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
IMM
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
Meas
CORT
CORT
CORT
ESDL
THYR
THYR
SRTN
SRTN
LPTN
LPTN
TSTR
CORT
CORT
PRNF
IFCT
IFCT
PARA
GIMM
PARA
PARA
PRNF
PARA
ABDT
ABDT
LYMP
PHAG
ABDT
PRNF
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
3
11
11
4
4
100
100
30
14
14
1
75
-60
-60
21
84
84
6
8
49
49
28
28
35
58
NA
na
na
14
14
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
d
d
ma
ma
ma
ma
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
60
60
60
250
250
10
1
1
2.4875
2.4875
7.5
20
20
0.31
2.4976
1 .99808
1.2
100
0.72
0.72
1.12
0.002
60
75
5
5
15
0.24
2
0.025
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
Cone
Value2
Preferred
50
12.5
30
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
aig/L
ppm
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
AI g/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/L
AI Ib/acre
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.5
99.5
100
100
100
93
15
15
100
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
92618
92618
92618
92617
92617
92617
95963
95963
108487
108487
108473
36173
36173
63774
70314
70314
87491
71160
97168
97168
99617
101977
101430
101430
101343
101343
101430
62154
88778
93250
89154
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Glycine
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Malus
Malus
Malus
Malus
Malus
Malus
Malus
Malus
Musa
Piper
Poecilia
Rattus
Rattus
Vanda
Zea
Zea
Anisus
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Bithynia
Caenis
Caenis
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Species
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
max
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
domestica
domestica
domestica
domestica
domestica
domestica
domestica
domestica
sp.
nigrum
reticulata
norvegicus
norvegicus
hybrid
mays
mays
vortex
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
freeborni
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
tentaculata
horaria
horaria
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
Common Name
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Soybean
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Apple
Apple
Apple
Apple
Apple
Apple
Apple
Apple
banana
Black Pepper
Guppy
Norway rat
Norway rat
Missjoaquin
Corn
Corn
Snail
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Snail
Mayfly
Mayfly
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
INJ
INJ
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
Effect
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
INJ
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
Meas
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
CLRS
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
GINJ
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
GINJ
TUMR
TUMR
DAMG
DAMG
DAMG
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
Endpt!
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC10
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
9
<=1
<=1
<=1
<=1
<=1
42
42
59
44
44
133
42
42
1095
14
730
730
240
NA
NA
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
2
4
2
4
1
1
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
d
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.4984
0.4984
0.4984
0.4984
1 .9936
0.9968
1261.76
1261.76
1.5
0.75
1.5
1.5
1261.76
1261.76
1000
0.05
0.0005
2.916
2.916
60
1.3
1.3
0.094
0.0007
0.00089
0.0012
0.0012
0.0012
0.0013
0.0013
0.0025
0.0028
0.0033
0.0019
0.0043
0.0027
0.0034
0.094
0.0007
0.0005
0.00013
0.0003
0.00008
0.0003
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
%
%
%
%
%
%
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
ppm
%
mg/L
ppm
ppm
Alg/100L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
100
98
97.2
97.2
100
100
100
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
Ref#
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
68422
100381
100381
100381
100381
100381
82548
82548
100741
100741
100741
98018
82548
82548
56021
91474
72831
37866
37866
91617
88063
88063
8107
3660
3660
3660
3660
3660
3660
3660
3660
3660
3660
3660
8107
8107
17254
8107
8107
8107
67777
67777
67777
67777
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Species
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
tentans
tentans
tentans
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
riparius
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Effect
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
Meas
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
Endpt!
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC25
EC25
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
2
2
2
4
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00017
0.0002
0.00011
0.00025
0.0014
0.0007
0.0005
0.00038805(
0.00034825
TO
0.00042785)
0.00022885
0.00048755(
0.0004577
TO
0.0005174)
1 .9(1 .8 TO
2.1)
0.83(0.74
TO 1 .0)
1 .5(1 .3 TO
1.6)
0.49(0.40
TO 0.57)
0.31(0.29
TO 0.34)
0.74(0.66
TO 0.83)
0.28(0.23
TO 0.31)
0.29(0.26
TO 0.31)
0.37(0.34
TO 0.43)
12.8(11.1
TO 14.6)
32.7(29.5
TO 36.8)
13.0(11.1
TO 15.2)
2. 1(1 .6 TO
2.8)
10.2(9.3 TO
11.2)
3.4(2.7 TO
4.2)
3.0(2.5 TO
3.7)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
nmol/L
% Purity
99.5
99.5
99.5
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
>97
Ref#
67777
67777
67777
67777
8107
8107
17254
62472
105238
62472
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
67687
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Corixa
Corixa
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Species
riparius
riparius
tentans
tentans
sp.
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
tentans
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
punctata
punctata
magna
longispina
longispina
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
magna
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
Common Name
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Water boatman
Water boatman
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
PHY
PHY
ITX
PHY
ITX
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
PHY
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
PHY
PHY
PHY
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
PHY
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
Effect
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
Meas
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
Endpt!
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50*
EC90
EC90
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
4
2
2
4
2
2
4
1
10
2
2
3
6
8
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
17
2
2
1 TO 3
2
17
17
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
5.3(4.5 TO
6.2)
3.8(3.0 TO
4.7)
0.0064
0.0002985
0.00042
0.0007363(0
.00066665
TO
0.0008557)
0.00048755
0.00024875
0.00024875
0.00024875
0.0004
0.0002
0.0004
0.0032
0.0017
1065408
0.0003
0.0003
0.00042
0.00017
0.00042
0.00025
0.00009
0.00017
0.00019
0.00011
0.00021
0.00022
0.00058
0.00019(0.0
001 2 TO
0.00023)
0.00079(0.0
0067 TO
0.00094)
0.00073408
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.00036
496000
0.00005
0.00005
0.0002
0.0002
Cone
Value2
Preferred
992000
Cone Units
Preferred
nmol/L
nmol/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
>97
>97
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.2
100
100
99.2
99.2
Ref#
67687
67687
6267
105238
2899
62472
105238
62472
62472
105238
8107
8107
17254
8107
8107
62284
8107
8107
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
13342
13342
13342
13342
96171
96171
108323
18477
18477
18477
18477
62284
18477
18477
18477
18477
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Gammarus
Goeldichironomu
s
Limnodrilus
Lymnaea
Mus
Poecilia
Proasellus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
pulex
magna
magna
magna
magna
pulex
holoprasinus
hoffmeisteri
stagnalis
musculus
reticulata
coxalis
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Scud
Midge
Tubificid worm,
Oligochaete
Great pond snail
House mouse
Guppy
Isopod
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
PHY
PHY
ITX
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Effect
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
Meas
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
CONV
PARL
IMBL
CONV
CONV
CONV
CONV
CONV
CONV
CONV
CONV
ATAX
ATAX
ATAX
ATAX
ATAX
ATAX
INCO
INCO
CONV
CONV
GITX
GITX
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
EC50*
EC10
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
EC10
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1 TO 3
4
4
4
4
2
1
1
4
0.1666667
14
4
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
4.17E-02
8.33E-02
1
3
3
3
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
15
15
0.1458333
0.1666667
14
14
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0002
0.00032
0.000032
0.00032
0.0001
0.0003
0.00097
0.036
0.094
100
0.0005
0.02
0.995
1.99
0.995
1.99
65.96
29.7
49.5
247.5
3.98
3.98
9.95
9.95
9.95
9.95
50
100
9.95
7.275
4.41
7.35
Cone
Value2
Preferred
9.95
9.95
24.875
24.875
49.75
49.75
100
29.85
14.55
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
ml/kg
ml/kg
ml/kg
ml/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
99
99.8
100
98
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
>=97
99
99
99
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
98.1
98.1
99.5
>=97
>98
>98
Ref#
18477
13342
13342
13342
13342
17254
2899
8107
8107
109020
72831
8107
93278
93278
93278
93278
107510
92571
92571
92571
92628
92628
92628
92628
92628
92628
52006
52006
108484
107510
101287
101287
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rhepoxynius
Rhepoxynius
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Tanypus
Tanypus
Acantholyda
Acanthoscelides
Acanthoscelides
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Species
abronius
abronius
vetulus
vetulus
nubifer
nubifer
erythrocephala
obtectus
obtectus
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
vexans
canadensis
atropalpus
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
vexans
triseriatus
triseriatus
Common Name
Amphipod
Amphipod
Water flea
Water flea
Midge
Midge
Pine false webworm
Bean weevil
Bean weevil
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Effect
Group
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
ITX
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
IMBL
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50*
EC50*
NOAEL
LC50
LC99
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
4
2
4
1
1
12
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00007
0.00014
0.0004
0.0004
0.0057
0.0005
50
0.69
1.9
6.8
6.7
2
1.6
12
13.6
7.8
6.8
18.2
23.2
8.1
8.2
6.3
3
1.9
12.5
15
4.3
2.1
12.9
14.8
4.4
2.7
0.0006
0.00035
0.0006
0.0007
0.0003
0.00043
0.00126
0.00231
0.00049
0.0002
0.00036
Cone
Value2
Preferred
200
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/ha
ppm
ppm
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
ng/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
3763
3763
8107
8107
2899
2899
99803
70523
70523
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
68559
68559
68559
6279
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Species
triseriatus
triseriatus
canadensis
albopictus
albopictus
aegypti
aegypti
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
Common Name
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00077
0.00144
0.00086
0.0033
0.0043
0.0111(0.00
298 TO
0.0133)
0.0489(0.04
56 TO
0.0523)
0.396(0.297
TO 0.495)
0.693(0.495
TO 0.99)
0.396(0.297
TO 0.495)
1 .287(0.693
TO 2. 079)
0.0396(0.03
96 TO
0.0495)
0.0044(0.00
42 TO
0.0047)
0.007(0.006
4 TO
0.0079)
0.0034(0.00
32 TO
0.0036)
0.0056(0.00
51 TO
0.0064)
0.0017(0.00
17 TO
0.0018)
0.0024(0.00
23 TO
0.0026)
0.00687
0.0387
0.15
0.0212
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
6035
6035
6035
16077
16077
61087
61087
99823
99823
99823
99823
99823
94523
94523
94523
94523
94523
94523
66934
66934
66934
66934
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Species
aegypti
aegypti
vexans
canadensis
atropalpus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
aegypti
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
albopictus
aegypti
Common Name
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.114
0.00028
0.0009
0.00072
0.0011
1 .287(0.693
TO 2.871)
2.871(1.782
TO 6.237)
0.99(0.792
TO 1 .386)
4.158(2.574
TO 7.425)
0.099(0.089
1 TO 0.198)
0.00088
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.0203(0.01
4 TO
0.0306)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
40
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
99
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
Ref#
66934
108517
68559
68559
68559
99823
99823
99823
99823
99823
108517
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
90110
61087
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Species
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
aegypti
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
vexans
aegypti
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
Common Name
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Yellow fever mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
GMOR
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC99
LC99
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD99
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
-45
3
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.116(0.104
TO 0.132)
0.0083
0.059
0.062
152.2(119
TO 223.1)
152.2
0.0070929(0
.0062937
TO
0.0081918)
45.8(40.2
TO 51 .7)
45.8
0.021978(0.
01 5984 TO
0.038961)
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.0265
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.025
0.002
0.0265
0.0265
0.0265
0.0265
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
% Purity
98
100
100
100
100
100
99.9
100
100
99.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
40
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
Ref#
61087
74860
74860
74860
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
4224
4224
4224
4224
4224
4224
4857
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
2813
108517
10241
10241
10241
10241
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Species
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
triseriatus
Common Name
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
2
3
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0265
0.0265
0.0265
0.0265
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.106
0.106
0.0265
0.0265
0.0265
0.0265
0.0265
0.053
0.053
0.053
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
Ref#
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
10241
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aedes
Aedes
Aedes
Aenasius
Aeshna
Agamermis
Agamermis
Agamermis
Agamermis
Agamermis
Agistemus
Agistemus
Agistemus
Agriotes
Agriotes
Agriotes
Agriotes
Agriotes
Agriotes
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Alectoris
Alectoris
Aleochara
Aleochara
Amblema
Amblyomma
Amblyomma
Amblyomma
Amblyomma
Americamysis
Species
triseriatus
flavescens
flavescens
advena
sp.
unka
unka
unka
unka
unka
sp.
sp.
sp.
sputator
obscurus
sputator
obscurus
obscurus
obscurus
ipsilon
ipsilon
ipsilon
ipsilon
ipsilon
ipsilon
ipsilon
chukar
chukar
bilineata
bilineata
plicata
marmoreum
marmoreum
marmoreum
marmoreum
bahia
Common Name
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Parasitic Wasp
Dragonfly
Parasitic nematode
Parasitic nematode
Parasitic nematode
Parasitic nematode
Parasitic nematode
Mite
Mite
Mite
Wireworm
Wireworm
Wireworm
Wireworm
Wireworm
Wireworm
Cutworm
Cutworm
Cutworm
Cutworm
Cutworm
Cutworm
Cutworm
Chukar
Chukar
Rove beetle
Rove beetle
Three-ridge, Mussel
South African Tortoise
Tick
South African Tortoise
Tick
South African Tortoise
Tick
South African Tortoise
Tick
Opossum shrimp
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC95
LOEC
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LT50
LT90
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LD50
LD50
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NOAEL
LC50
LC90
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
0.1666667
1
3
3
3
140
301
140
301
5
24.5
1.75
2
2
2
2
2
1.75
14
14
15
5
2
1
1
1
1
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.106
0.25
0.25
0.05
31.9
1.21
11.46
0.04
10
0.08
4.68
4.68
4.68
0.05
0.1
0.17
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.9
0.56
0.14
0.28
1
0.01
0.0009
60.7
61.1(47.5
TO 78.6)
0.063
0.063
1.2
0.0002546(0
.00000456
TO 0.03306)
0.05206(0.0
01 9 TO 3.8)
0.038
0.00000038
0.000035
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
%
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
I/ha
I/ha
I/ha
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
%
%
%
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
Al %
Al %
mg/L
%AI
%AI
%
%
mg/L
% Purity
10.6
100
100
93
93
93
93
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
90 to 99
90 to 99
90 to 99
90 to 99
100
100
90 to 99
94.50%
99
100
100
99.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
Ref#
10241
2813
2813
51860
16806
63774
63774
63774
63774
63774
78988
78988
78988
108457
108458
108457
108458
108458
108458
44404
44404
44404
44404
49992
49992
44404
35499
50386
63489
63489
61845
71543
71543
71543
71543
15639
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Americamysis
Americamysis
Americamysis
Americamysis
Ampelisca
Ampelisca
Ampelisca
Ampelisca
Ampelisca
Amphiascus
Amphiascus
Amphiascus
Amphiascus
Amphiascus
Amphiascus
Anagyrus
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anax
Anguilla
Species
bahia
bahia
bahia
bahia
abdita
abdita
abdita
abdita
abdita
tenuiremis
tenuiremis
tenuiremis
tenuiremis
tenuiremis
tenuiremis
dactylopii
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
platyrhynchos
junius
anguilla
Common Name
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Amphipod
Amphipod
Amphipod
Amphipod
Amphipod
Harpacticoid copepod
Harpacticoid copepod
Harpacticoid copepod
Harpacticoid copepod
Harpacticoid copepod
Harpacticoid copepod
Parasitic Wasp
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Mallard duck
Dragonfly
Common eel
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LOAEL
MATC
MATC
EC50
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
LC10
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LD50
LD50
LOAEL
NOEL
NR-ZERO
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
4
28
28
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
16
16
1
11
5
11
11
11
11
14
14
30
11
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00032567
4(0.0003006
99 TO
0.00036163
8)
0.00005
0.000002
TO
0.000004
0.000042
0.00016
0.00034
0.00001 TO
0.001
0.00039
0.00039
0.00356(0.0
0223 TO
0.00516)
0.00061(0.0
001 2 TO
0.00127)
0.0036(0.00
27 TO
0.00464)
0.00837(0.0
0658 TO
0.01079)
0.001
0.001
0.05
236
940
357
644
141
540
75.6
2000
2.5
0
0.00122
1.29
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
%
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99.9
100
98
98
98
98
98
98
100
96.8
97.00%
96.8
96.8
96.8
96.8
94.50%
99.3
99
96.8
98.7
Ref#
101422
90259
3750
3750
56539
56539
4061
56539
4061
87778
87778
87778
87778
87778
87778
68988
35297
35243
35297
35297
35297
35297
35499
50386
50386
35297
68927
11055
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Anguilla
Anguilla
Anguilla
Anicetus
Anicetus
Anisops
Anomala
Anomala
Anomala
Anomala
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anopheles
Anthonomus
Anthonomus
Anthonomus
Anticarsia
Antitrogus
Species
anguilla
anguilla
anguilla
ceylonensis
ceylonensis
sardeus
orientalis
orientalis
orientalis
orientalis
freeborni
freeborni
quadrimaculatus
albimanus
albimanus
gambiae
gambiae
sundaicus
Stephens!
freeborni
Stephens!
subpictus
culicifacies
subpictus
culicifacies
albimanus
Stephens!
Stephens!
fluvlatills
dthali
Stephens!
sundaicus
grandis
grandis
rub!
gemmatalis
consanguineus
Common Name
Common eel
Common eel
Common eel
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitic Wasp
Backswimmer
Oriental Beetle
Oriental Beetle
Oriental Beetle
Oriental Beetle
Mosquito
Mosquito
Common malaria
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Boll weevil
Boll weevil
Strawberry Blossom
Weevil
Velvetbean Caterpillar
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LC10
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
LD50
LC50
Endpt2
NR-LETH
Dur
Preferred
2
3
4
0.125
4.17E-02
2
7
7
7
7
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.69
0.59
0.54
0.05
0.05
0.0009
1.7765
2.4415
1 1 .894
20.7195
0.0015
0.003
0.001
0.008
0.02
0.0014
0.0069
0.000185
0.00036
0.0048
0.00096
0.04171
0.00097
0.6208
0.02425
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.002
0.0000195
8.84
1.37
1.5
13.1
1.1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00065
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
mg/L
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
%
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nmol/cm2
nmol/cm2
ml/L
ppm
Al mg/eu
% Purity
100
100
100
95
95
95
95
100
100
5
40
100
40
97 to 99.8
97 to 99.8
97 to 99.8
97 to 99.8
100
100
100
100
40
5
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
11055
11055
11055
62599
62599
59962
63635
63635
63635
63635
60691
60691
56989
11596
11596
12072
12072
100311
108517
60691
108517
67077
67077
67077
67077
13956
100987
100987
100987
100987
108517
100311
64194
64194
80219
68973
72321
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Antitrogus
Apanteles
Apanteles
Aphanius
Aphanius
Aphidius
Species
consanguineus
consanguineus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
consanguineus
rugulosus
consanguineus
consanguineus
parvulus
parvulus
consanguineus
consanguineus
consanguineus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
parvulus
consanguineus
consanguineus
consanguineus
rugulosus
consanguineus
consanguineus
parvulus
parvulus
angaleti
sp.
iberus
iberus
ervi
Common Name
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Nambour Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Nambour Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Southern One-year
Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Childers Canegrub
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Spanish toothcarp
Spanish toothcarp
Parasitic Wasp
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LD50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4.17E-02
0.25
2
3
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1.4
1
17.5
14.6
10.5
7
3.4
43.8
2.6
2
0.5
1.2
12.4
14.3
13
8.9
11.72
119.3
298.9
211.1
221.6
40
511.6
33.6
198
10.3
6.4
3.5
9.1
117
171
0.05
0.04
0.0386
0.01801
0.47(0.43
TO 0.51)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
ng/cm2
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93 to 99
93 to 99
99.1
Ref#
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
62601
93426
57001
57001
72495
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Aphytis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Species
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
melinus
lignanensis
lignanensis
lignanensis
cerana
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
cerana
cerana
mellifera
cerana
cerana
sp.
sp.
Common Name
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Thrip
Thrip
Thrip
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Thai Honey Bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Asiatic Honey Bee
Asiatic Honey Bee
Honey bee
Thai Honey Bee
Thai Honey Bee
Bee
Bee
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
LFSP
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LD50
LD50
LD50
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LD10
LD10
LD10
LD10
LD10
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LT50
LT50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4.17E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
4.17E-02
0.5416667
0.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
1
0.25
0.1458333
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
em
d
d
d
em
em
em
em
em
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0008
0.78
0.84
0.93
1.02
1.11
1.24
1.37
1.43
16
73
0.0073
0.006
0.0087
0.126
1.35
1.35
0.68
0.048
0.048
0.048
0.048
0.1
0.000646
0.102
0.001
0.006
0.001
0.08
0.209
0.302
0.066
0.051
0.11
0.06732
4.45
0.13(0.11
TO 0.15)
2.607
4.727
0.772
0.322
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.056
0.05
0.03
0.011
0.026
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
%
%
%
%
Al %
%
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/g
ug/g
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
%
%
Al kg/ha
%
%
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
108456
91027
91027
91027
91027
91027
91027
91027
91027
69300
69300
106439
106439
106439
93319
64513
64513
64513
90421
90421
90421
90421
68691
89618
70351
70351
70351
70351
70351
70351
70351
70351
70351
70351
67983
69374
69374
70351
70351
70351
70351
70351
88463
88463
64812
93303
93303
70245
70245
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Apis
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Araecerus
Araecerus
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Species
mellifera
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
mellifera
mellifera
mellifera
sp.
sp.
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
fasciculatus
fasciculatus
sp.
sp.
sp.
salina
salina
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
franchiscana
franchiscana
salina
salina
salina
salina
salina
salina
salina
salina
salina
salina
sp.
sp.
sp.
Common Name
Honey bee
Bee
Bee
Bee
Bee
Bee
Bee
Bee
Bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Honey bee
Bee
Bee
Worm
Worm
Worm
Coffee Bean Weevil
Coffee Bean Weevil
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
NOEL
NR-ZERO
LD50
LD50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
NR-LETH
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.25
0.25
0.75
1
1
14
14
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.056
0.026
0.026
0.026
0.026
0.026
0.026
0.026
0.026
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.025
0.025
27.6
5.6
0.75
94.1
114.6
1.9
2
2
0.123
3.19
18
18
18
OTO<2
18
18
1.08
0.16
0.03
7.64
1.84
0.05
OTO<2
OTO<2
2TO<4
4TO<6
4TO<6
8TO<10
18
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.01
Cone Units
Preferred
Al kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
L/feddan
L/feddan
%
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ppm
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
40
>=95
100
100
40
40
100
99
99
97
100
0
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
Ref#
64812
70245
70245
70245
70245
70245
70245
70245
70245
110898
110898
70979
70245
70245
71162
63600
73642
107388
107388
18363
18363
18363
100777
65812
20148
20148
20148
20148
20148
20148
18249
18249
18249
18249
18249
18249
20148
20148
20148
20148
20148
20148
20148
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Artemia
Ascia
Ascia
Asellus
Atalophlebia
Atalophlebia
Baetis
Baetis
Baetis
Belostoma
Species
sp.
sp.
franchiscana
parthenogenetica
parthenogenetica
parthenogenetica
salina
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
monuste
monuste
aquaticus
aust rails
australis
pan/us
rhodani
rhodani
sp.
Common Name
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Brine shrimp
Great Southern White
Great Southern White
Aquatic sowbug
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Giant water bug
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
EC50
EC50
NR-LETH
LC50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC10
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 .8333333
1 .8333333
1 .8333333
1 .8333333
1 .8333333
1 .8333333
0.8333333
0.9166667
1.0416667
1.1666667
1.2916667
0.8333333
0.9166667
1.0416667
1.1666667
1.2916667
1 .8333333
0.8333333
0.9166667
1.0416667
1.1666667
1.2916667
0.8333333
0.9166667
1.0416667
1.1666667
1.2916667
1 .8333333
1
1
4
3
0.25
0.0416667
1
2.08E-02
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
18
10TO<12
18
0.08
3.9
18
0.385(0.09
TO 0.67)
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.6
9.6
0.0011
0.00024
0.01
0.0009
0.1
0.1
0.006
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/mg org
ug/mg org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99
99
99
93 to 99
93 to 99
93 to 99
97
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
96
96
100
>=94
>=94
100
100
Ref#
20148
20148
20148
57001
57001
57001
100777
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
92494
108482
108482
61913
108483
108483
4529
5156
5155
60691
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Belostoma
Belostoma
Bembidion
Bembidion
Bembidion
Bembidion
Bemisia
Bemisia
Bemisia
Bemisia
Bemisia
Bemisia
Bemisia
Bemisia
Bemisia
Berosus
Berosus
Berosus
Biomphalaria
Biomphalaria
Biomphalaria
Biomphalaria
Biomphalaria
Blepyrus
Bombus
Bombus
Bombus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Bracon
Bracon
Bracon
Bracon
Bracon
Bracon
Branchiura
Branchiura
Species
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
tabaci
tabaci
tabaci
tabaci
tabaci
tabaci
tabaci
tabaci
tabaci
styliferus
styliferus
styliferus
alexandrina
alexandrina
alexandrina
alexandrina
alexandrina
insularis
sp.
sp.
sp.
plicatilis
plicatilis
plicatilis
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
plicatilis
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
hebetor
hebetor
hebetor
kirkpatricki
brevicornis
kirkpatricki
sowerbyi
sowerbyi
Common Name
Giant water bug
Giant water bug
Ground Beetle
Ground Beetle
Ground Beetle
Ground Beetle
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Sweetpotato whitefly
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Parasitic Wasp
Bumble Bee
Bumble Bee
Bumble Bee
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Wasp
Wasp
Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC90
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LC10
LC50
LC90
LC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LD50
LD50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LT50
LT50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC5
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
0
0
1
1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
1
1
1
56
21
56
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
8.06E-03
7.64E-03
8.33E-02
0.25
4.17E-02
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.015
0.03
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
1.14
0.9
0.4
0.82
0.58
7.18
2.48
3.86
4.22
0.0014
0.009
0.016
3
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.24
0.05
16.9
0.38
0.09
1.4
1.7
1.9
11.9
12
12
10.67
11.85
12
36
6.1
6.1
0.05
0.1
0.05
0.003
0.066
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.12
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
ppm
ug/org
ug/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ug/eu
ug/eu
%
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
60691
60691
66145
66145
66145
66145
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
60691
60691
60691
6332
62154
62154
62154
62154
51860
73698
73698
73698
18363
18363
18363
17689
17689
3963
5139
5139
9385
104641
63403
63403
62601
93332
62601
54793
54793
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Branchiura
Branta
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis
Callinectes
Callinectes
Callinectes
Callinectes
Callinectes
Callinectes
Callinectes
Callinectes
Callipepla
Callipepla
Calopteryx
Campoletis
Camponotus
Camponotus
Camponotus
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Capra
Cardiochiles
Cardiochiles
Catla
Species
sowerbyi
canadensis
horaria
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
elegans
elegans
elegans
sapidus
sapidus
sapidus
sapidus
sapidus
sapidus
sapidus
sapidus
californica
californica
sp.
chlorideae
pennsylvanicus
pennsylvanicus
pennsylvanicus
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
hircus
nigriceps
nignceps
catla
Common Name
Oligochaete
Canada goose
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Nematode
Nematode
Nematode
Blue crab
Blue crab
Blue crab
Blue crab
Blue crab
Blue crab
Blue crab
Blue crab
California quail
California quail
Damselfly
Parasitic Wasp
Black Carpenter Ant
Black Carpenter Ant
Black Carpenter Ant
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Wild Goat
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Catla
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC95
LD50
LC10
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LC10
LC50
LC90
EC50
EC50
EC50
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LD50
LD50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LT50
LT95
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LD50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
4
14
4
2
0.1458333
0.8708333
>2
1
1
1
na
5
2
1
21
21
21
21
14
14
4.17E-02
0.25
0.71
4.04
3
56
365
365
730
730
14
1
1
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
ht
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.1004
40 TO 80
0.003
2.45
31.9
6.3
0.5
0.298
0.966
3.135
0.0059
0.0059
0.011
0.038
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
68.3(40.7
TO 115)
334
0.5
0.05
20
20
0.5
0.087
2.916
2.916
2.916
2.916
500 TO
1000
0.7
0.7
1.66
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
%
ppm
ppm
% w/w
%
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
mg/L
% Purity
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0.50%
100
100
100
100
94.5
99.3
100
100
100
100
100
100
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.2
99
100
100
100
Ref#
54793
50386
8107
16806
16806
16806
16806
109042
109042
109042
67659
67696
67696
13445
13811
13811
13811
13811
50386
50386
5155
62600
100275
100275
108990
93326
37866
37866
37866
37866
50386
93416
93416
86097
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catostomus
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Species
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
catla
commersoni
quadrangula
dubia
quadrangula
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
Common Name
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
Catla
White sucker
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
EC20
EC50
EC90
LCD
LC100
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0.25
4
4
1.5
2.5
0.25
0.5
1
3
3.5
2
14
4.17E-02
2
4.17E-02
10
10
2
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
10
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2.35
2.35
3.32
3.32
4.7
6.64
9.41
13.3
0.35
0.3
4.7
3.32
13.3
9.41
6.64
2.35
2.35
3.32
0.00021
0.001776
0.00007
0.01248
0.00001235
0.00002223
0.000056(0.
000054 TO
0.000059)
0.00006
0.00006
0.000133
0.000174
0.000063
0.000086
0.000095
0.000101
0.000058
0.000064
0.000066
0.000079
0.000094
0.000117
0.000058
0.000068
0.000078
0.000107
0.000053
0.000055
0.00001729
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
>=94
48
24.7
24.7
100
24.7
Ref#
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
101291
101291
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
3653
100963
108483
100963
101293
101293
71674
16844
16844
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
18190
101293
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Channa
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chelonus
Chelonus
Chelonus
Chelonus
Chelonus
Chilo
Chilo
Chilo
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Species
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
punctata
obscuripes
sp.
blackburni
blackburni
blackburni
blackburni
blackburni
suppressalis
suppressalis
suppressalis
tentans
npanus
tentans
tepperi
tepperi
tentans
tentans
decorus
decorus
decorus
npanus
npanus
tentans
decorus
crassicaudatus
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Snake-head catfish
Midge
Phantom midge
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Striped riceborer
Striped riceborer
Striped riceborer
Midge
Midge
Midge
Rice bloodworm
Rice bloodworm
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
LFSP
LFSP
LFSP
LFSP
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
LT50
LT90
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LD50
LD50
LC10
LC10
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
2
1
11.67
12.47
32
32
10
-31
-29
2
1 TO 2
-14
-12
2
4
4
1
6.8792
1.7256
0.25
0.25
1
2
2
2
1
1
4
1
1
10
2
1
1
1
4
4
10
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00005(0.0
00048 TO
0.000053)
0.00007872
12(0.000072
3276 TO
0.00008581
41)
0.000045
0.000025
0.000045
0.000025
0.00001235
0.000025
0.000025
0.00019
0.00075
0.000045
0.000045
0.00003
0.365
0.0066
0.1
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.02
46.6
1.2278
2.0488
0.657
0.662656
0.00047
0.0013
0.0025
0.00007
0.0003
0.0035
0.0015
1.47
0.00009
0.00034
0.00007
0.045
0.052
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00006
4.5E-05
0.00006
4.5E-05
1 .5E-05
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
%
%
%
ppm
ug/org
ug/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99.8
99.9
>98
>98
>98
>98
24.7
>98
>98
100
>98
>98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.4
99.4
100
99.2
44.9
Ref#
73373
101422
65825
65825
60979
60979
101293
65825
65825
71674
16844
65825
65825
71674
109575
8107
7862
93337
93337
93332
93332
93337
20421
109490
109490
108489
109624
352
13398
13398
14907
18996
3671
3671
3671
13342
13342
4019
5559
5559
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Chrysoperla
Chrysoperla
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Species
salinarius
tentans
tentans
npanus
tentans
npanus
tentans
tentans
tentans
npanus
npanus
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rufilabris
rufilabris
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
Common Name
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Lacewing
Lacewing
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SWS
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LOEC
LR50
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
20
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
3.5
4
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
4
4
1
2.5
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00099
2.12
0.00072
2.751808
6.841
1 1 .42784
0.00038
2.85
0.0000199
0.000032
0.0001
69.4
2.78
69.4
2.78
2.78
69.4
203
7.82
203
7.82
7.82
203
10.4
3.6
2.35
2.35
3.32
3.32
6.64
6.64
9.41
13.3
0.65
0.55
9.41
3.32
Cone
Value2
Preferred
1E-04
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nmol/g wet
wt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
ppm
ppm
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
99.5
99.2
100
99.2
44.9
99.5
99.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
11927
108489
103283
109624
108489
109624
18996
103283
89548
13342
13342
70966
70966
70966
70966
108508
108508
70966
70966
70966
70966
108508
108508
93318
93318
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
101291
101291
86097
86097
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Cirrhinus
Claassenia
Clarias
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cnaphalocrocis
Coccidoxenoides
Coccidoxenoides
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Coccinella
Species
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
mrigala
sp.
lazera
dipterum
dipterum
sp.
dipterum
dipterum
sp.
sp.
sp.
medinalis
perminutus
perminutus
repanda
repanda
repanda
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
septempunctata
Common Name
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Carp, hawk fish
Stonefly
Catfish
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Rice leaf folder moth
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitic Wasp
Ladybird Beetle
Ladybird Beetle
Ladybird Beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Sevenspotted lady
beetle
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LOAEL
LC50
LC90
LC50
LD50
LD50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
0.5
1.5
2
3
4
3
140
4
4
2
2
4
0.9416667
9.58E-02
5.83E-02
3
0.25
0.25
1
2
2
9.58E-02
0.2166667
0.2875
0.4166667
0.3791667
0.2041667
0.2166667
0.3125
0.4291667
<=1
<=1
<=1
<=1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
13.3
6.64
6.64
3.32
2.35
0.04
0.213888
0.0002
0.0002
0.05
0.001
0.0003
0.5
6.3
31.9
400
0.38
10.95
0.306
0.085
0.36
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
25
25
25
25
25
0.03
0.03
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ppm
ml/10L
ml/1 00 L
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
%
%
%
%
%
%
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
%
%
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
3549
72842
61913
61913
16806
8107
8107
16806
16806
16806
101321
93317
93317
70342
72656
72656
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
93303
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colinus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Colpoclypeus
Columba
Coptotermes
Corixa
Species
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virginianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virgmianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
virginianus
florus
florus
florus
florus
florus
florus
florus
florus
florus
florus
livia
heimi
punctata
Common Name
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
Eulophid wasp
rock dove
Termite
Water boatman
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LD50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
28
5
28
7
7
0.1666667
0.1666667
30
30
5
5
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
14
0.3333333
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
608.18
531
497
345
283
382
365
347
1100
851.8
478.5
32(24 TO
43)
108(80 TO
145)
2.8
2.8
6.7
3.4
1671.32
265.08
1
1.5
1.5
1.25
1203.2
1671.32
265.08
45
45
45
45
45
45
450
45
45
450
26.9
38.01
0.006
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/org
mg/org
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ppm
ppm
mg/org
mg/org
mg/org
mg/org
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/L
% Purity
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
99
15
94
94
100
100
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
94.50%
Ref#
39691
39628
39628
39628
39628
39628
39628
39628
39583
39583
39583
37111
37111
39749
39749
78023
78023
39691
39691
39749
39749
39749
39749
39691
39691
39691
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
35499
40475
8107
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Corixa
Costelytra
Costelytra
Costelytra
Cotinus
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Cricotopus
Crocothemis
Cryptolaemus
Cryptolaemus
Cryptolaemus
Cryptolaemus
Cryptolestes
Cryptolestes
Ctenicera
Ctenicera
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Species
punctata
zealandica
zealandica
zealandica
nitida
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
coturnix
sp.
erythraea
montrouzieri
montrouzieri
montrouzieri
montrouzieri
ferrugineus
ferrugineus
pruinina
pruinina
tarsalis
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
tarsalis
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
restuans
Common Name
Water boatman
Grass Grub
Grass Grub
Grass Grub
Green June Beetle
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Quail
Midge
Dragonfly
Mealybug destroyer
Mealybug destroyer
Mealybug destroyer
Mealybug destroyer
Rusty Grain Beetle
Rusty Grain Beetle
Great Basin Wireworm
Great Basin Wireworm
Mosquito
Mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
White dotted mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
LFSP
LFSP
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LD50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LOAEL
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD50
LD50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LT50
LT90
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LC50
LC90
LC10
LC100
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
4
2
5
5
1
5
5
5
8
5
14
14
5
5
0.75
1
1
10.11
3.78
45.8
127.3
14
14
140
140
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.002
8.5
2
2
2
200.244
5000
299
299
293
15.9
17.8(1 5 TO
21.2)
840
840
840
463.98
2236
19.98
0.09
0.0058
0.004
0.004
0.05
0.05
3
5
0.1
0.3
0.0014
0.002
0.00024
0.002
0.0302
0.065(0.019
TO 0.168)
0.164(0.118
TO 0.227)
0.00046
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
ppm
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
%
%
ppm
ppm
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
1
1
100
40.7
95.6
97.00%
100
97
94.50%
94.5
100
100
100
40.7
95.6
99.9
100
20
20
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
100
100
98
99
99.8
100
Ref#
8107
79045
46279
46279
88815
50181
50181
35243
35214
50181
35499
50386
62611
62611
62611
50181
50181
54368
3671
12022
92067
92067
111212
111212
108874
111787
108457
108457
60691
5162
67468
60691
61915
62487
62487
68559
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Species
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
peus
peus
peus
peus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
pipiens
restuans
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
restuans
melanurus
melanurus
melanurus
melanurus
Common Name
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
White dotted mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
White dotted mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
168
168
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00041
0.00045
0.0009
0.001
0.0008
0.002
0.001
0.0008
0.0012
0.0012
0.001
0.0008
0.891(0.594
TO 1.188)
0.198(0.029
7 TO 0.693)
4.257(3.069
TO 5.94)
0.00594(0.0
0495 TO
0.00693)
0.0005
0.0002
0.0012
0.0015
0.00098
0.00054
0.0003
0.0008
0.00046
0.00041
0.00016
0.00034
0.0005
0.00064
0.00032
0.00046
0.00058
0.00197
0.0022
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
50
50
50
50
99
99
Ref#
68559
68559
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
88223
88223
88223
88223
5162
5162
5162
5162
13954
13954
12072
12072
3582
3582
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
6035
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Species
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
tarsalis
tarsalis
Common Name
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
280
1020
450
620
1060
11700
1600
0.0003
0.003
0.011
0.0008(0.00
OTTO
0.0009)
0.0043(0.00
39 TO
0.0046)
0.009(0.007
TO 0.01 2)
0.061(0.046
TO 0.08)
0.003(0.002
TO 0.004)
0.0005(0.00
04 TO
0.0006)
0.0004(0.00
03 TO
0.0005)
0.0006(0.00
05 TO
0.0007)
0.0003
0.00038(0.0
0028 TO
0.0005)
0.00038(0.0
0029 TO
0.0005)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
17297
17297
17297
17297
17297
17297
17297
100276
100276
100276
94523
94523
100896
100896
100896
100896
100896
100896
101101
94524
94524
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Genus
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Species
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
tarsalis
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
Common Name
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0393
0.001
0.24
0.028
0.0018
0.359
0.295
0.198
2.376
0.00495
0.000009
0.00048
0.0029
0.0017
0.079
0.0042
0.0023
0.02
0.036
0.0042
0.015
0.00034
0.0032
0.0778
0.619(0.22
TO 11. 135)
2.882(1.775
TO 5.84)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
98
98
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
100
40
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
100
100
98
99
99.8
Ref#
100853
100853
103319
103319
103319
110956
110956
103192
103192
103192
103416
108517
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
67468
60691
61915
62487
62487
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Species
restuans
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
peus
peus
peus
peus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
restuans
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
pipiens
Common Name
White dotted mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
White dotted mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC95
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0008
0.0006
0.00064
0.0018
0.0017
0.0015
0.0035
0.0015
0.0015
0.0022
0.0023
0.0015
0.001
2.277(1.584
TO 5.148)
1.881(0.495
TO 28.71)
14.85(9.9
TO 28.71)
0.0099(0.00
792 TO
0.0099)
0.0008
0.0004
0.003
0.0024
0.00088
0.00098
0.2
0.276
0.182
0.11
0.144
0.167
0.00004
0.00164
0.0017(0.00
13 TO
0.0028)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
50
50
50
50
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
100
Ref#
68559
68559
68559
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
88223
88223
88223
88223
5162
5162
5162
5162
3582
3582
100896
100896
100896
100896
100896
100896
103416
108517
94523
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culex
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Species
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
variipennis
variipennis
variipennis
Common Name
Mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Northern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Midge
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LD90
LD90
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0088(0.00
79 TO
0.0102)
0.2302
0.0015
0.0072
0.004
1
0.0053
0.0057
0.45
0.34
0.0064
0.2
1.01
0.837
0.01
0.1*
0.0007
0.0015
0.00075
0.1
1.5
0.004
0.004394(0.
00395 TO
0.004888)
0.003596(0.
002996 TO
0.004316)
0.002171(0.
001 956 TO
0.002411)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
kg/ha
mg/L
ppm
ppm
kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
100
100
100
Ref#
94523
100853
100853
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
103909
110956
110956
67754
2875
5163
66018
66018
2875
110956
108517
62147
62147
62147
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culicoides
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Culiseta
Cycloneda
Cycloneda
Cycloneda
Species
variipennis
variipennis
variipennis
variipennis
variipennis
variipennis
schultzei
sp.
variipennis
variipennis
variipennis
variipennis
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
incidens
sanguinea
sanguinea
sanguinea
Common Name
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Spotless Ladybird
Beetle
Spotless Ladybird
Beetle
Spotless Ladybird
Beetle
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC95
LC95
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LOEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.002042(0.
001 788 TO
0.002332)
0.00296(0.0
0261 1 TO
0.003356)
0.002702(0.
002396 TO
0.003141)
0.002565(0.
002305 TO
0.002855)
0.002352(0.
002044 TO
0.002706)
0.004714(0.
004238 TO
0.005243)
4.1
0.0005
0.004309(0.
003786 TO
0.004904)
0.00281(0.0
02589 TO
0.003051)
0.014112(0.
01 01 05 TO
0.019708)
0.011136(0.
0091 59 TO
0.013539)
0.0023
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0049
0.0037
0.0045
0.004
0.005
0.0044
0.007
0.008
0.0045
1494
0.045
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al %
ppm
Al %
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
4
100
4
Ref#
62147
62147
62147
62147
62147
62147
15517
11965
101155
101155
101155
101155
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
16201
68888
93318
68888
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cydia
Cylas
Cylas
Cylas
Cylas
Cylas
Cylas
Cyprinodon
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Species
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
pomonella
formicarius
formicarius
formicarius
formicarius
formicarius
formicarius
variegatus
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
Common Name
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Coddling moth
Sweetpotato Weevil
Sweetpotato Weevil
Sweetpotato Weevil
Sweetpotato Weevil
Sweetpotato Weevil
Sweetpotato Weevil
Sheepshead minnow
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LD90
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
0.5
1
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
em
em
em
em
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
em
em
em
d
d
d
d
em
em
em
em
em
em
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
565
761
565
761
0.208
0.062
0.021
0.087
0.0508
0.00421
0.008
0.007
0.053
0.006
0.008
297
589.3
429.2
409.2
637.6069
468.3049
689.4678
483.8729
65.6775
29.8711
37.6551
31.9144
955
1071
955
1071
1167.6
1167.6
3.78
2.06
1.97
20.81
18.56
21.71
0.136
0.0032
0.12
0.123
0.081
0.059
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
97.3
100
97.3
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.3
100
97.3
100
97.3
97.3
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
40
35
Ref#
82551
82551
82551
82551
58566
58566
58566
58566
58566
58566
58566
58566
58566
58566
58566
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
108747
82551
82551
82551
82551
108481
108481
62617
62617
62617
62617
62617
62617
15639
87858
106792
6090
6090
6090
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Cyprinus
Danio
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Species
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
carpio
rerio
magna
magna
pulex
carinata
ambigua
magna
longispina
longispina
Common Name
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
common carp
Zebra danio
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LD10
LD10
LD10
LD30
LD30
LD30
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD70
LD70
LD70
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD99
LD99
LD99
NR-LETH
NOAEL
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
0.5
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
0.1666667
182
2
2
8
2
2
1
2
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.43
0.31
0.28
0.005247
0.01476(0.0
081 53 TO
0.026721)
0.01476
0.010441
0.021686(0.
01 4706 TO
0.031979)
0.021686
0.01672
0.028217(0.
020048 TO
0.039713)
0.028217
0.026775
0.036714(0.
024397 TO
0.055249)
0.036714
0.053285
0.053942(0.
02884 TO
0.100893)
0.053942
0.091786
0.137884(0.
036587 TO
0.51964)
0.137884
0.002871
0.01
0.000325(0.
000324 TO
0.000326)
0.000344(0.
000343 TO
0.000345)
0.00028
0.00009
0.000035(0.
000032 TO
0.000037)
1 .28(1 .06
TO 1 .48)
0.0008
0.0003
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.1
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nM
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
>=94
100
99
Ref#
6090
6090
6090
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
88286
48634
92575
19813
19813
18477
108483
71674
72805
8107
8107
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Species
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
carinata
carinata
carinata
carinata
carinata
carinata
carinata
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
10
2
2
3
3
6
6
8
1
10
2
2
3
6
8
2
21
21
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21
21
2.25
0.25
1.5
2.25
2
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
4
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0016
0.0011
0.0016
0.0008
0.0008
0.00035
0.00043
0.00048
0.00033
0.0049
0.00017
0.0029
0.00025
0.00012
0.00017
0.00019
0.0006
0.00013
0.000032
TO 0.0001
0.0037
0.001
0.0003
0.0002
0.00024
0.00050995
0.00023406
0.00027888
0.000499
0.00049
0.00068 TO
0.00069
0.00072
0.00072 TO
0.00078
0.00072 TO
0.00078
0.0005
0.0002495
0.000499
0.000499
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.001
0.001
0.001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
44.9
99
99
99
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.8
98
100
100
100
100
44.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
Ref#
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18996
13342
13342
16353
16353
108495
108495
108495
107384
107384
107384
107384
52531
52531
61962
61962
61962
61962
18996
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
72740
72740
72740
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Species
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
carinata
carinata
carinata
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
ambigua
magna
carinata
magna
magna
magna
ambigua
magna
magna
magna
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
4
4
0.5
1.5
60
0.25
0.5
1.25
0.5
1.5
2.75
2
21
21
14
14
2
21
21
2
21
21
21
21
4
4
4
2
21
21
21
4
2
3.5
4.5
4.25
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.001
0.001
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035
0.00069
0.00069 TO
0.00075
0.00067 TO
0.00069
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00072 TO
0.0008
0.002
0.00005
0.0000498
0.000073
0.000124
0.00016
0.000032
0.000032
0.0001
0.0001
0.00011976
0.000499
0.000499
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.00019
0.0003
0.000249
0.000499
0.000499
0.001
0.00003
0.00035 TO
0.00043
0.00035 TO
0.00038
0.00068 TO
0.00069
Cone
Value2
Preferred
9.6E-05
0.00025
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99.6
99.6
100
100
100
99.8
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
100
99.6
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
72740
72740
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
108495
107384
107384
19813
19813
19813
13342
13342
16353
16353
52531
52531
52531
72740
72740
72740
71674
16353
107384
52531
52531
72740
71674
61962
61962
61962
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Dendroctonus
Dendroctonus
Dendroctonus
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Species
magna
magna
rufipennis
rufipennis
rufipennis
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Spruce Beetle
Spruce Beetle
Spruce Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LD50
LD90
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2.5
3.5
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035 TO
0.00038
8.43
26.03
0.25
12.9
29.9
27.5
31.4
13.8
51.5
51
85
107
34
37.6
32.5
23.9
23.6
14
21.3
144.5
142.2
97.2
64.3
114.2
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
%
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
61962
61962
104757
104757
104757
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Genus
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Dermolepida
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diacrisia
Diaphania
Species
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
albohitum
undecimpunctata
virgifera
virgifera
longicornis
undecimpunctata
virgifera
vittata
virgifera
virgifera
longicornis
longicornis
virgifera
virgifera
undecimpunctata
obliqua
hyalinata
Common Name
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Greyback Cane Beetle
Southern corn
rootworm
Western corn
rootworm
Western corn
rootworm
Northern Corn
Rootworm
Southern corn
rootworm
Leaf Beetle
Striped Cucumber
Beetle
Leaf Beetle
Leaf Beetle
Northern Corn
Rootworm
Northern Corn
Rootworm
Western corn
rootworm
Western corn
rootworm
Western Spotted
Cucumber Beetle
Bihar Hairy Moth
Melonworm Moth
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
NR-LETH
LC50
LOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
108
177
466
433
97
242
107
92
111
114
101
1.2
3.16
3.92
0.049
0.101
0.048
0.043
4.99
3.73
5.2
7.98
7.63
11.3
0.1
0.05035
9.6
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
ppm
ng/mg bdwt
ng/mg bdwt
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ng/mg bdwt
ng/mg bdwt
ppm
%
ug/mg org
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
98
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
98
98
100
100
96
Ref#
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
66925
58594
58594
63297
63297
63297
63297
63297
63297
63297
63297
58594
58594
66612
64412
108482
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Diaphania
Diaptomus
Diaptomus
Diaptomus
Diaptomus
Diaptomus
Dicladispa
Dicrotendipes
Dicrotendipes
Diglyphus
Diglyphus
Dioryctria
Dioryctria
Dioryctria
Dioryctria
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Species
hyalinata
forbesi
forbesi
forbesi
sp.
sp.
armigera
californicus
californicus
isaea
isaea
amatella
amatella
amatella
amatella
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
insulana
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
insulana
vittella
vittella
vittella
Common Name
Melonworm Moth
Calanoid copepod
Calanoid copepod
Calanoid copepod
Calanoid copepod
Calanoid copepod
Rice Hispa
Midge
Midge
NR
NR
Southern Pine
Coneworm
Southern Pine
Coneworm
Southern Pine
Coneworm
Southern Pine
Coneworm
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Egyptian Stemborer
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Egyptian Stemborer
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
LC5
LC50
LC95
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LC16
LC16
LC16
LC16
LC25
LC25
LC25
LC25
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC84
LC84
LC84
LC84
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
4
4
4
1
1
0.3333333
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
7
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
0.5833333
6
6
6
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
9.6
0.0001
0.0036
0.0088
0.01 TO
<0.1
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.007
50
50
6.9
10
20
24
5.7
4.2
7.6
6.2
8.4
6
9.2
7.6
18
13.5
13.5
11
58
45
25
19.5
3.3
3.1
2.4
2.4
1.9
1.9
1.1
1
290
0.09
0.13
0.22
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/mg org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
mg/L
mg/L
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ng/cm2
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
% Purity
96
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
100
97.8
97.8
97.8
Ref#
108482
54793
54793
54793
15690
15690
101340
3671
3671
90299
90299
106194
106194
106194
106194
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
92602
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108511
108870
108870
108870
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Earias
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Enallagma
Enallagma
Enallagma
Enallagma
Encarsia
Encarsia
Encarsia
Enoclerus
Enoclerus
Enoclerus
Enoclerus
Eretmocerus
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Species
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
insulana
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
vittella
fetida
fetida
fetida
fetida
fetida
fetida
fetida
andrei
andrei
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
formosa
perniciosi
perniciosi
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
eremicus
sinensis
sinensis
Common Name
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Egyptian Stemborer
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Rough Bollworm
Earthworm
earthworm
earthworm
earthworm
earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Damselfly
Damselfly
Damselfly
Damselfly
Parasitic wasp
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Clerid Beetle
Clerid Beetle
Clerid Beetle
Clerid Beetle
Chalcid Wasp
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LC10
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOAEL
NR-LETH
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LC50
LOAEL
NR-LETH
LC50
LC90
LD50
LD90
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
0.5833333
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
14
2
4
2
1
14
21
21
21
2
0.3791667
1 .2666667
>2
1
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
3
3
3
3
1
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.16
0.19
0.66
0.74
167
118
107
107
126
96
79
76
1400
0.93
1.56
2.38
2.26
3.58
17.2
11.5
78.91
0.037(0.026
TO 0.047)
8.3(6.4 TO
10.9)
15.6
0.047(0.035
TO 0.059)
118.5
91.78
100
200
5.28
31.9
6.3
0.5
0.017
0.02
0.02
3.05
14.1
26
130
0.012
0.137934(0.
11 834 TO
0.157722)
0.139583(0.
126294 TO
0.157722)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
200
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ng/cm2
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ppm
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ppm
%
%
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
100
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
100
>98
>98
>98
100
100
40
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
97
Ref#
108870
108870
108870
108870
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108519
108511
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
111694
69664
71459
40531
69664
111694
111694
71160
71160
16806
16806
16806
16806
108456
93336
93336
77249
77249
77249
77249
108456
97350
97350
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Eriocheir
Euproctis
Euproctis
Euxoa
Euxoa
Species
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
sinensis
subnotata
subnotata
messona
messona
Common Name
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Chinese Mitten Crab
Hairy Caterpillar
Hairy Caterpillar
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
MORT
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
2
3
4
4
1
2
3
4
4
1
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
NR
4
NR
4
4
1
1
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
ht
d
ht
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.447073(0.
3068692 TO
97.5277673)
0.194 TO
<0.291
0.194
0.073623(0.
058491 TO
0.091374)
0.076145(0.
062 177 TO
0.092829)
0.194 TO
<0.291
0.097 TO
<0.194
0.097
0.022213(0.
01 6878 TO
0.026675)
0.023668(0.
01 61 99 TO
0.029294)
0.097
0 TO <0.097
0 TO <0.097
0.053059(0.
0071 78 TO
0.10573)
0.027354(0.
00601 4 TO
0.059558)
19.4
48.5
19.4
0.097
19.4
4.85
19.4
48.5
0.05
0.05
0.28
1.12
Cone
Value2
Preferred
9.7
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
% Purity
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
100
100
95 to 99
95 to 99
Ref#
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
97350
92543
92543
44405
44405
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Genus
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Fundulus
Fundulus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Species
messona
messona
messona
messona
messona
scandens
messona
messoria
messona
messoria
messoria
messoria
messoria
messoria
messoria
scandens
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
similis
similis
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
Common Name
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
White Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
White Cutworm
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Longnose killifish
Longnose killifish
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MDTH
MDTH
MDTH
MDTH
MDTH
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
NOEC
NOEC
NR-LETH
EC50
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD99
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
35
35
35
35
28
81.3
79
90.6
48.4
18.2
120
120
28
2
4
1
<=14
1
1
13
<=14
<=14
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1.12
2.24
0.14
0.14
0.1
0.1
560
280
1120
1
0.001
0.28
0.28
0.14
0.001
0.001
0.28
0.24
0.24
0.2
0.18
0.93
2
4.31
9.28
20
3.8
4.9
1.04
0.0032
0.0041
34.7652(29.
2707 TO
40.3596)
1500
8.7072
120.3795(84
.31 56 TO
268.6311)
0.032
111
1.11
Cone
Value2
Preferred
1110
11.1
Cone Units
Preferred
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
%
%
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
%
%
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/g dry fd
ug/g dry fd
ug/g dry fd
ug/g dry fd
ug/g dry fd
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
ug/em
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ug/em
ug/em
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95 to 99
95 to 99
95 to 99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.9
100
48
99.9
100
100
100
Ref#
44408
44408
44408
44408
49992
49992
49992
49992
49992
44405
44405
44405
44408
44408
49992
49992
40227
40227
40227
40227
73631
48438
48438
48438
48438
48438
108163
108163
73631
15259
15639
37995
67859
108196
37995
72830
67859
67859
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Species
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
yucatana
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
yucatana
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
Common Name
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Yucatan Gambusia
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Yucatan Gambusia
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NOEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC10
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOEL
Dur
Preferred
<=14
<=14
<=14
14
60
1
1
14
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
2
2
3
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1.11
1110
1110
800
10
800
800
200
0.00288(0.0
0096 TO
0.00432)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.22
0.1425
0.00528(0.0
0384 TO
0.00816)
0.34375
0.11
0.45
0.52
0.54
0.52
Cone
Value2
Preferred
11.1
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/em
ug/em
ug/em
ppm
mg/kg/d
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
98
94
100
100
98
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
>95
48
100
93 to 99
93 to 99
93 to 99
Ref#
67859
67859
67859
38750
90149
37995
37995
38750
80447
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
62030
80447
12022
56989
56989
57001
57001
57001
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gambusia
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gasterosteus
Gasterosteus
Gerris
Globodera
Species
affinis
yucatana
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
affinis
pulex
fasciatus
fasciatus
pulex
pulex
palustris
palustris
palustris
palustris
palustris
palustris
fasciatus
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
sp.
sp.
sp.
aculeatus
aculeatus
sp.
rostochiensis
Common Name
Western mosquitofish
Yucatan Gambusia
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Gammarid amphipod
Gammarid amphipod
Gammarid amphipod
Gammarid amphipod
Gammarid amphipod
Gammarid amphipod
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud, Amphipod
Scud, Amphipod
Scud, Amphipod
Threespine stickleback
Threespine stickleback
Water strider
Potato Cyst Nematode
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC90
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD10
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
NR-ZERO
LC50
Endpt2
NOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
4
1
14
1
1
1 TO 5
4
1
4
2
4
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
4
1
105
2.08E-02
2
2
2
2
4
1
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.29763
0.01008(0.0
072 TO
0.02832)
5
0.223
0.0167
5
0.05
0.00007
0.0056
0.00032
0.00008
0.00007
0.00651
0.00521
0.0006
0.00102
0.00019
0.0003
0.01
1.44
0.1
0.00005 TO
0.0057
0.1
0.002
0.002
0.007
0.0134
0.0085
0.002
0.0014
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.72
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nM
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
% Purity
99
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.8
Ref#
108871
80447
6210
2894
60691
6210
6210
61913
887
887
8107
8107
51439
51439
51439
51439
51439
51439
5164
93045
5156
6106
5155
97793
97793
97793
8107
8107
9420
40502
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Globodera
Globodera
Globodera
Globodera
Globodera
Globodera
Glyptotendipes
Goeldichironomu
s
Gonatocerus
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grus
Haliplus
Haliplus
Haliplus
Haliplus
Harmonia
Harmonia
Harmonia
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Species
rostochiensis
rostochiensis
rostochiensis
rostochiensis
rostochiensis
rostochiensis
paripes
holoprasinus
ash mead i
molesta
molesta
molesta
molesta
molesta
molesta
molesta
canadensis
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
octomaculata
axyridis
axyridis
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
Common Name
Potato Cyst Nematode
Potato Cyst Nematode
Potato Cyst Nematode
Potato Cyst Nematode
Potato Cyst Nematode
Potato Cyst Nematode
Midge
Midge
Chalcid Wasp
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
sandhill crane
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Maculate Ladybird
Beetle
Asian lady beetle
Asian lady beetle
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC99
LD50
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LC50
LOEL
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
1
1
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
14
2
0.0625
0.1666667
>2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0016
0.0011
2.9
1.1
0.7
0.0009
0.012
0.38
0.006
31.5
30.7
0.12
0.05
61.66
650.74
75
25 TO 50
0.05
31.9
6.3
0.5
0.361
0.0045
0.045
4.9
65.8
1.9
4.9
4
2.5
26
30
36
46
40
41
41
11.2
111
4.45
2.5
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
mg/kg soil
mg/kg soil
mg/kg soil
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/eu
ug/eu
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
Al ug/org
Al %
Al %
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
% Purity
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
>=98
>=98
50
100
100
94.5 to 99
100
100
100
100
100
4
4
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
40502
40502
40502
40502
40502
40502
5559
5559
108456
63915
63915
64709
64709
63049
63049
63915
50386
16806
16806
16806
16806
70342
68888
68888
109371
109371
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
107057
107057
107057
107057
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Species
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
zea
zea
zea
zea
zea
zea
zea
zea
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
Common Name
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
5.84
1.82
4.86
22.5
273
6.4
23
72.1
30.2
18.8
7.53
26.7
6.75
29.5
15
7.5
91
177
148
529
274
229
218
15.9
7.11
0.679
0.291
10.8
24.7
11.25
17.27
0.02
0.08
0.11
0.16
0.08
0.44
0.55
0.19
0.13
0.15
0.11
0.3
0.24
0.42
0.65
1.64
0.31
0.27
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/org
ug/org
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
97
100
100
100
100
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
Ref#
107057
107057
107057
109371
109371
109026
109026
107057
107057
107057
107057
107057
107057
107057
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
109026
68973
78950
68739
68739
89573
89573
92447
92447
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Heliothis
Heliothis
Heliothis
Heliothis
Heliothis
Heliothis
Heliothis
Helisoma
Species
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
zea
zea
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
armigera
zea
zea
armigera
armigera
armigera
virescens
virescens
virescens
virescens
virescens
virescens
virescens
anceps
Common Name
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Old world bollworm
Budworm
Budworm
Budworm
Budworm
Budworm
Budworm
Budworm
Snail
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD95
LD95
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
NR-ZERO
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
2
1
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
ht
ht
ht
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.18
0.18
0.34
0.16
0.12
0.23
3.7
1.2
6.79
1.261
0.07
0.53
1.01
5.57
0.92
3.17
11.3
3.12
1.68
1.77
0.84
4.39
3.57
6.65
5.69
10.1
6.45
5.54
2.06
2.22
5.23
2.04
1.58
3.52
31.2
69.6
0.04
0.04
0.04
540
12200
104.64647
159.07514
226.10711
205.72
51.25
31.9
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ppm
ppm
%
%
%
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/L
% Purity
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
99
99
97
97
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97.7
97.7
97.7
100
100
100
Ref#
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108057
108057
68739
68739
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
89573
89573
74154
74154
74154
73691
73691
63595
63595
63595
92447
92447
16806
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Hemiptarsenus
Hemiptarsenus
Henosepilachna
Heterocypris
Heterocypris
Heteropneustes
Heteropneustes
Heteropneustes
Heteropneustes
Heterorhabditis
Hippodamia
Hippodamia
Hippodamia
Hippodamia
Hippodamia
Hippodamia
Hippodamia
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Species
vancornis
vancornis
sp.
incongruens
incongruens
fossilis
fossilis
fossilis
fossilis
sp.
convergens
convergens
convergens
convergens
convergens
convergens
convergens
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
Common Name
NR
NR
Ladybird Beetle
Ostracod
Ostracod
Indian catfish
Indian catfish
Indian catfish
Indian catfish
Nematode
Convergent lady beetle
Convergent lady beetle
Convergent lady beetle
Convergent lady beetle
Convergent lady beetle
Convergent lady beetle
Convergent lady beetle
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOAEL
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LT50
NR-LETH
LC01
LC01
LC15
LC15
LC25
LC5
LC5
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
4
2
1
0.25
1
2
3
0.4166667
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
50
50
250
0.01 TO
<0.1
0.001
5.6(4.71 TO
6.66)
3.35(2.92
TO 3.85)
2.6(2.24 TO
3.02)
2.2(1 .88 TO
2.57)
400
18
16.5
2.4
1.2
1
800
1494
0.0000003
0.0000137(0
.00000168
TO
0.000024)
0.0000048
0.0000325(0
.0000141
TO
0.0000466)
0.0000415(0
.000023 TO
0.0000612)
0.0000013
0.0000217(0
.0000053
TO
0.0000331)
0.0000427
Cone
Value2
Preferred
2000
Cone Units
Preferred
Al mg/L
Al mg/L
L/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
Al ng/mg
bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
20
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
99
99
100
100
99.9
100
99.9
99.9
100
99.9
100
Ref#
90299
90299
101480
15690
15690
72755
72755
72755
72755
71366
9304
64700
64700
64700
64700
64700
93318
64955
86411
64955
86411
86411
64955
86411
64955
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Species
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
Common Name
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
2
10
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.05
0.0000651(0
.000045 TO
0.000137)
0.0000764(0
.0000647
TO
0.0000924)
0.0000859(0
.000076 TO
0.0000985)
0.0000717(0
.0000615
TO
0.0000852)
0.0000718(0
.0000636
TO
0.0000819)
0.0000891(0
.0000803
TO
0.0000995)
0.0000809(0
.0000627
TO
0.000117)
0.00007(0.0
000629 TO
0.000078)
0.000074(0.
0000667 TO
0.0000816)
0.0000707(0
.000064 TO
0.0000774)
0.000085(0.
000076 TO
0.0000955)
0.00004
0.000086
0.0001
1.77(1.47
TO 1 .96)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/g OC
% Purity
100
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
44.9
100
Ref#
16806
86411
86411
86411
86411
86411
86411
86411
86411
86411
86411
86411
352
14907
18996
101733
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hyalella
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydrophilus
Hydropsyche
Hydropsyche
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Hypothenemus
Hypothenemus
Ischadium
Ischadium
Kilifia
Kilifia
Kilifia
Kilifia
Kilifia
Kilifia
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Species
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
azteca
triangularis
triangularis
triangularis
triangularis
sp.
triangularis
triangularis
sp.
triangularis
triangularis
californica
californica
sp.
sp.
sp.
hampei
hampei
recurvum
recurvum
acuminata
acuminata
acuminata
acuminata
acuminata
acuminata
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
Common Name
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Black beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Black beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Caddisfly
Caddisfly
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Coffee Borer Beetle
Coffee Borer Beetle
Hooked mussel
Hooked mussel
Acuminate Scale
Acuminate Scale
Acuminate Scale
Acuminate Scale
Acuminate Scale
Acuminate Scale
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC75
LC90
LOEC
LT50
LT50
LC10
LC10
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LD50
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC10
LC50
LC90
LD50
LD50
LC50
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
4
4
2
1.3166667
0.25
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
0.0416667
0.0416667
1
1
1
0.25
0.25
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3.5
4
3
2.5
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.000102(0.
000067 TO
0.000397)
0.000154(0.
00009 TO
0.00111)
0.0001
0.5
6.3
0.014
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.1
0.05
0.048
20
0.0167
0.0167
0.21
0.3
0.008
0.04
0.09
42.3
37.35
0.96(0.89
TO 1 .04)
1 1 .528
0.0275
0.0375
0.044
0.1195
0.1045
0.265
2.35
2.35
3.32
3.32
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al ng/mg
bdwt
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
%
%
%
%
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99.9
99.9
44.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
45
45
5.3
5.3
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
Ref#
86411
86411
18996
16806
16806
60691
60691
60691
60691
9304
60691
60691
9304
60691
60691
4529
4529
60691
60691
60691
63401
63401
84369
84369
100854
100854
100854
100854
100854
100854
86097
86097
86097
86097
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Labeo
Laccophilus
Laccophilus
Laccophilus
Lampsilis
Lampsilis
Lampsilis
Lampsilis
Lampsilis
Lampsilis
Lanistes
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Lepidiota
Species
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
rohita
maculosus
maculosus
maculosus
siliquoidea
siliquoidea
siliquoidea
siliquoidea
siliquoidea
siliquoidea
carinatus
negatoria
frenchi
crinita
crinita
crinita
consobrina
picticollis
noxia
noxia
negatoria
frenchi
crinita
crinita
crinita
consobrina
picticollis
Common Name
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Rohu
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Lamp-mussel
Lamp-mussel
Lamp-mussel
Lamp-mussel
Lamp-mussel
Lamp-mussel
Snail
Negatoria Canegrub
French's Canegrub
Bundaberg Canegrub
Bundaberg Canegrub
Bundaberg Canegrub
Consobrina Canegrub
Picticollis Canegrub
Noxia Canegrub
Noxia Canegrub
Negatoria Canegrub
French's Canegrub
Bundaberg Canegrub
Bundaberg Canegrub
Bundaberg Canegrub
Consobrina Canegrub
Picticollis Canegrub
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC10
LC50
LC90
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
1.5
1
0.5
0.25
4
4
1.5
0.25
2.5
3
4
0.5
1
2
1
1
1
2
4
21
21
4
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
4.7
6.64
6.64
9.41
13.3
0.3
0.47
6.64
13.3
3.32
3.32
2.35
9.41
6.64
4.7
0.0032
0.0046
0.0071
0.43(0.29
TO 0.63)
0.25(0.17
TO 0.37)
0.06(0.03
TO 0.14)
0.02245(0.0
1347 TO
0.03592)
0.14817(0.1
1674 TO
0.18858)
0.2694(0.17
96 TO
0.4041)
2.71
6.2
8.8
50.6
6.9
44.2
20.7
26.2
66.9
327
29
25
204
30
91
66
70
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
Al mg/eu
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
44.9
44.9
44.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
101291
101291
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
86097
60691
60691
60691
99469
99469
99469
99469
99469
99469
12022
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
72321
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Leptinotarsa
Leptinotarsa
Leptinotarsa
Leptinotarsa
Leptopilina
Leptopilina
Lestes
Lestes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Species
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
cyanellus
cyanellus
macrochirus
decemlineata
decemlineata
decemlineata
decemlineata
boulardi
heterotoma
sp.
sp.
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
Common Name
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Green sunfish
Green sunfish
Bluegill
Colorado potato beetle
Colorado potato beetle
Colorado potato beetle
Colorado potato beetle
Parasitoid Wasp
Wasp
Damselfly
Damselfly
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
EC50
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LR50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC95
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LD20
LD20
LC50
LT50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
28
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
2
1
4
2
2
2
-84
3.5
1
28
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
0.475
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
3.6(1 .6 TO
4.1)
0.000866
0.00138
0.00168
0.00029
0.000509
0.000873
0.000942
0.0012
0.00189
7.24
0.00267
0.00724
0.00531
11.05
0.51
0.000412
0.05
0.05
0.00021
17.7
37.6
0.56
0.035
28.8
95.1786
0.5
6.3
0.0016
0.0024
0.001
0.001
0.0012
0.0055
0.006
0.0067
0.0009
0.001
0.0011
0.0017
0.0018
0.0018
0.0013
0.0013
Cone
Value2
Preferred
6.29
0.00124
Cone Units
Preferred
ppb
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nmol/g wet
wt
ug/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
mg/L
ppm
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
Al ng/eu
ng
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
22.4
22.4
99.5
99.5
100
41.2
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
100
100
92
92
Ref#
101019
18134
18134
18134
18134
18134
18134
18134
18134
18134
16806
3124
3124
103283
103283
16806
62037
4501
4501
3653
52052
52052
52052
52052
64770
107152
16806
16806
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Leuresthes
Limnephilus
Limnephilus
Limnephilus
Limnephilus
Lipaphis
Lipaphis
Lipaphis
Lipaphis
Listronotus
Listronotus
Listronotus
Litopenaeus
Lumbricus
Lumbricus
Lycosa
Lygus
Lygus
Maja
Maja
Maja
Maja
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Species
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
tenuis
indivisus
indivisus
indivisus
indivisus
erysimi
erysimi
erysimi
erysimi
bonariensis
bonariensis
bonariensis
stylirostris
terrestris
rubellus
hilaris
rugulipennis
rugulipennis
squinado
squinado
squinado
squinado
indica
indica
indica
indica
indica
indica
indica
indica
Common Name
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
California grunion
Caddis fly
Caddis fly
Caddis fly
Caddis fly
Turnip aphid
Turnip aphid
Turnip aphid
Turnip aphid
Argentine stem weevil
Argentine stem weevil
Argentine stem weevil
Blue Shrimp
Earthworm
Earthworm
Wolf Spider
European Tarnished
Plant Bug
European Tarnished
Plant Bug
Spider crab
Spider crab
Spider crab
Spider crab
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
NR-LETH
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
>2
0.6041667
0.2791667
0.5833333
0.675
0.2291667
<=1
1
36
1
2
3
2
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0026
0.0026
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.0027
0.0027
0.0028
3.6
0.5
6.3
31.9
0.03
0.05
25
0.03
48
192
48
2.2657
32
1.71
0.75
1.5
1.5
0.00079
0.00084
0.0005
0.0005
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.02
0.02
0.025
0.025
Cone
Value2
Preferred
96
0.0025
0.0025
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
%
%
kg/ha
%
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al ug/cm2
Al kg/ha
ml/L
ml/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
20
20
20
100
20
Ref#
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
16806
16806
16806
16806
93303
93303
93303
93303
86585
86585
86585
73317
38599
40531
73642
80219
80219
102068
102068
102068
102068
62382
62382
62382
62382
62382
62382
62382
62382
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Malacosoma
Malacosoma
Mamestra
Mamestra
Manduca
Manduca
Manduca
Manduca
Megachile
Megachile
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Species
indica
indica
configurata
configurata
quinquemaculata
quinquemaculata
quinquemaculata
quinquemaculata
rotundata
rotundata
menidia
menidia
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
menidia
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
Common Name
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Bertha Armyworm
Bertha Armyworm
Tomato Hornworm
Tomato Hornworm
Tomato Hornworm
Tomato Hornworm
Alfalfa leafcutter bee
Alfalfa leafcutter bee
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Atlantic silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NOEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
NOAEL
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOEL
Dur
Preferred
3
3
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
1
13
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.025
0.02
0.001
0.1
1
1
0.001
0.01
4
0.0099
0.0011
0.0011
0.001
0.004
0.0018
0.0005
0.0005
0.0006
0.0044
0.0045
0.0056
0.0011
0.0023
0.0024
0.0026
0.003
0.0031
0.0031
0.004
0.0041
0.0045
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.0028
0.0028
0.0028
0.001
0.0011
0.0039
0.0042
0.0042
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.01
Cone Units
Preferred
Al %
Al %
% w/v
% w/v
% w/v
% w/v
% w/v
% w/v
ml
g
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
20
20
90 to 99
90 to 99
100
100
100
100
100
3
92
92
92
92
92
Ref#
62382
62382
49989
49989
99406
99406
99406
99406
71430
71430
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Menidia
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Microctonus
Microctonus
Microctonus
Microctonus
Microplitis
Microplitis
Microplitis
Microplitis
Moina
Mugil
Mugil
Mugil
Mugil
Mugil
Mugil
Species
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
peninsulae
beryllina
peninsulae
menidia
villiger
villiger
sp
sp
hyperodae
hyperodae
hyperodae
hyperodae
croceipes
croceipes
croceipes
croceipes
australiensis
cephalus
sp.
cephalus
cephalus
cephalus
cephalus
Common Name
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Tidewater silverside
Inland silverside
Tidewater silverside
Atlantic silverside
Tobacco Ground
Beetle
Tobacco Ground
Beetle
False Wireworm
False Wireworm
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Wasp
Braconid Parasitoid
Wasp
Braconid Parasitoid
Wasp
Braconid Parasitoid
Wasp
Braconid Parasitoid
Wasp
Water flea
Striped mullet
Mullet
Striped mullet
Striped mullet
Striped mullet
Striped mullet
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LD50
LD90
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
EC50
LC50
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
21
21
21
21
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0018
0.0018
0.0018
0.0009
0.0009
0.001
0.0039
0.004
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.002
0.002
0.0042
0.0013
0.0017
1
0.3
1 .9968
1 .9968
1
25
1
100
21.7(20.0
TO 23.4)
32.3(29.6
TO 36.7)
0.7
0.7
0.0001
0.0054
0.038
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
5
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
L/ha
kg/ha
cm3/dm3
cm3/dm3
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
ng/eu
ng/eu
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
% Purity
100
1.5
48
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
>=94
0.50%
100
100
100
100
Ref#
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11868
11427
11427
15639
93062
93062
74106
74106
86585
86585
86585
86585
91911
91911
93416
93416
108483
15639
13445
13811
13811
13811
13811
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Musca
Musca
Musca
Musca
Musca
Species
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
domestica
domestica
domestica
domestica
domestica
Common Name
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House fly
House fly
House fly
House fly
House fly
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LD05
LD1
LD15
LD50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
Dur
Preferred
14
7
7
<=8
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
12
12
7
<=7
2
4
1
0.1666667
12
7
4
7
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
106.227
192(1 50 TO
246)
2325(1626
TO 3325)
60
0.5
2.5
3.5
83.6(70.9
TO 98.7)
24.48
140
100
10
10
40
12.5
191.4
191.4
100
30
10
80
8.8704
50
0.08
0.1
0.04
0.4
2.4
Cone
Value2
Preferred
25
80
25
120
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ug/org
ng/mg
ng/mg
ng/mg
ng/mg
% Purity
95.7 to
97.9
96.8
96
100
100
100
100
100
40.8
96
100
100
100
100
100
95.7 to
97.9
95.7 to
97.9
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
64453
93130
93130
93364
89554
89554
89554
72917
101191
101191
109020
93131
93131
92495
93364
64453
64453
93364
87217
93131
92495
87473
72917
66925
64955
64955
64955
64955
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Musca
Musca
Musculium
Mytilus
Mytilus
Mytilus
Neoaplectana
Neoaplectana
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neoplea
Neoplea
Neoplea
Neoplea
Nephus
Nephus
Nilaparvata
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
domestica
domestica
securis
galloprovincialis
galloprovincialis
edulis
bibionis
carpocapsae
integer
integer
integer
striola
striola
striola
striola
sp.
sp.
lugens
Odonata
Hydropsychidae
Heptageniidae
Heptageniidae
Parathelphusidae
Parathelphusidae
Parathelphusidae
Parathelphusidae
Hydropsychidae
Heptageniidae
Odonata
Heptageniidae
Neogastropoda
Common Name
House fly
House fly
Pond Fingernailclam
Mediterranean mussel
Mediterranean mussel
Common bay
mussel, blue mussel
Nematode
Nematode
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Pygmy backswimmer
Pygmy backswimmer
Pygmy backswimmer
Pygmy backswimmer
Ladybird Beetle
Ladybird Beetle
Brown Planthopper
Dragonfly order
Caddisfly family
Mayfly family
Mayfly family
NR
NR
NR
NR
Caddisfly family
Mayfly family
Dragonfly order
Mayfly family
Snail order
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD50
LD50
NR-ZERO
LC50
NOEC
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
NOAEL
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LC50
LC90
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD50
NOAEL
NR-LETH
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
2
4
4
38
1
2
4
4
4
2
>2
1.9
0.7083333
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
4
1
1
1
2
0.1666667
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
60
0.08
31.9
22.5
4.9
0.9 TO 1.1
3.2
400
0.00015(0.0
0008 TO
0.00031)
0.00013(0.0
001 1 TO
0.00016)
0.00019(0.0
001 6 TO
0.00023)
6.18
0.5
6.3
31.9
10.48
18.1
10.4
0.0114
0.03
0.029
0.007
0.0388
0.0338
0.0308
0.024
1
3.2
0.91
0.004
50
Cone
Value2
Preferred
2000
0.007
Cone Units
Preferred
Al ng/mg
bdwt
ug/org
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ml/1 00 L
ml/1 00 L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al ng/mg
bdwt
Al ng/mg
bdwt
Al ng/mg
bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
20
20
20
99
99
99
100
20
Ref#
9304
102654
16806
14927
14927
18413
71366
71366
53635
53635
53635
16806
16806
16806
16806
97758
97758
20421
9304
9304
9304
97793
108873
108873
108873
108873
9304
9304
9304
97793
74591
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Species
Cladocera
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii
Neogastropoda
Heptageniidae
mykiss
mykiss
mykiss
mykiss
mykiss
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
kisutch
nerka
nerka
nerka
nerka
gorbuscha
Common Name
Water flea order
Spiny rayed fish class
Spiny rayed fish class
Spiny rayed fish class
Spiny rayed fish class
Snail order
Mayfly family
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
Sockeye salmon
Sockeye salmon
Sockeye salmon
Sockeye salmon
Pink salmon
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC100
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
<=0.20833
3
1
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
0.1666667
2
1.825
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00088
0.0008
0.0005
0.0007
0.0001
5
0.002
0.208
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.7
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
20
100
Ref#
12821
13811
13811
13811
13811
74591
97793
329
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
-------
Chemical Name
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Genus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oreochromis
Oryctolagus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Species
gorbuscha
gorbuscha
gorbuscha
keta
keta
keta
keta
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
tshawytscha
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
mossambicus
cuniculus
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
Common Name
Pink salmon
Pink salmon
Pink salmon
Chum salmon
Chum salmon
Chum salmon
Chum salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Chinook salmon
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
European rabbit
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
TKNO
TKNO
TKNO
TKNO
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
ET50
ET50
ET50
ET50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
60
4
4
4
11
4
4
4
4
4
1
2
3
4
1
13
6.96E-02
0.15
3.96E-02
0.3079167
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2.7
2.7
2.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
0.004975
0.004975
0.004975
0.004975
0.0037
0.081
0.0995
0.081
0.0037
0.004975
0.004975
0.000995
0.0012
0.0037
0.04352
0.03589
0.0306
0.02578
0.025
100
125
125
125
125
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/m2
mg/m2
mg/m2
mg/m2
% Purity
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
100
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
100
50
50
50
50
Ref#
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
12605
81331
81331
81331
81331
108805
81815
81329
108470
91827
81331
81331
81329
108470
108805
109601
109601
109601
109601
109601
86984
63638
63638
63638
63638
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzaephilus
Oryzias
Oryzias
Oryzias
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Oziotelphusa
Palaemon
Palaemon
Palaemon
Palaemon
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Species
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
surinamensis
mercator
latipes
latipes
latipes
nubilalis
nubilalis
senex
serratus
serratus
serratus
serratus
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
Common Name
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Flat bark beetle
Merchant Grain Beetle
Medaka, high-eyes
Medaka, high-eyes
Medaka, high-eyes
European corn borer
European corn borer
Crab
Pink shrimp, common
prawn
Pink shrimp, common
prawn
Pink shrimp, common
prawn
Pink shrimp, common
prawn
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
TKNO
TKNO
TKNO
TKNO
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
ET99
ET99
ET99
ET99
LC50
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD95
LD95
NOAEL
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
NR-ZERO
LD50
LD50
LC50
LC50
LC50
NOEC
NOEC
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
0.20875
0.6666667
0.155
0.6666667
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
5
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
4
4
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
125
125
125
125
25.1
123
4.5
23
99
130
10
20
0.03
0.025
0.2
24
57.42
0.55
0.00035
0.00022
0.0001
0.0005
0.00015
0.00015
0.00016(0.0
001 4 TO
0.00018)
0.00044
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0005
0.001
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/m2
mg/m2
mg/m2
mg/m2
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al ng/mg
bdwt
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.7
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
63638
63638
63638
63638
105952
105952
62720
62720
62720
62720
111787
108868
17866
17866
20097
9304
87626
18025
102068
102068
102068
102068
92616
92616
72741
14848
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Palaemonetes
Paralichthys
Paralichthys
Paramelita
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Species
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
argentinus
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
pugio
sp.
sp.
nigroculus
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
Common Name
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Caridean Shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
Flounder
Flounder
Amphipod
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
NOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
4
1
10
15
25
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
45
4
4
4
4
4
>1
0.25
1
0.1666667
1
4
1
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00037
0.00094
0.00063
0.00059
0.00029
0.00069
0.00069
0.0002352
0.000025
0.0004
0.0004
0.0005
0.00019309
0.000025
0.0001
0.00028
0.00028
0.00025
0.0016
0.0016
0.038
0.038
0.0009(0.00
03 TO
0.0016)
0.00033
0.0002 TO
<0.00003
0.0001 TO
<0.0002
Cone
Value2
Preferred
2.5E-05
0.00005
0.0001
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
48
100
100
100
100
99.8
100
100
100
0.50%
0.50%
100
>=94
Ref#
14848
14848
14848
14848
14848
14848
14848
101421
72741
72741
72741
19763
72409
92616
92616
14848
14848
19763
14848
14848
13445
13445
87478
108483
18468
18468
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Paratya
Passer
Passer
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Species
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
australiensis
domesticus
domesticus
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
Common Name
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
house sparrow
house sparrow
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NR-LETH
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
<=1
14
14
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003 TO
<0.0004
0.00008
0.00008
0.0001
0.00015
0.00015
0.00025
0.00028
0.00028
0.00028
0.00007
0.00007
0.00007
0.00012
0.00012
0.00012
0.00015
0.00025
0.00027
0.00004
0.00004
0.00004
0.00009
0.00009
0.00009
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.001
21
21 (5.59 TO
79.1)
0.12
1.15
1.78
0.24
29.1
15.55
1.99
3.47
9.59
2.45
56.39
56.02
102.25
1.33
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
% Purity
94.50%
94.5
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
Ref#
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
18468
16418
35499
50386
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Pectinophora
Peltodytes
Peltodytes
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Penaeus
Perileucoptera
Perileucoptera
Perileucoptera
Perileucoptera
Perileucoptera
Perileucoptera
Phasianus
Phasianus
Phasianus
Phasianus
Phasianus
Species
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
gossypiella
sp.
sp.
vannamei
setiferus
setiferus
aztecus
aztecus
aztecus
aztecus
vannamei
setiferus
setiferus
setiferus
aztecus
vannamei
coffeella
coffeella
coffeella
coffeella
coffeella
coffeella
colchicus
colchicus
colchicus
colchicus
colchicus
Common Name
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Pink bollworm
Beetle
Beetle
Whiteleg shrimp
Northern white shrimp
Northern white shrimp
Brown shrimp
Brown shrimp
Brown shrimp
Brown shrimp
Whiteleg shrimp
Northern white shrimp
Northern white shrimp
Northern white shrimp
Brown shrimp
Whiteleg shrimp
Coffee Leafminer
Coffee Leafminer
Coffee Leafminer
Coffee Leafminer
Coffee Leafminer
Coffee Leafminer
ring-necked pheasant
ring-necked pheasant
ring-necked pheasant
ring-necked pheasant
ring-necked pheasant
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LC50
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC99
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LD50
LD50
LD50
NOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
3
4
2
2
4.17E-02
2
3
3
3
2
0.1666667
4.17E-02
4.17E-02
0.1666667
2
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
5
14
14
14
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
5.27
9.76
2.13
102.5
44.36
8.29
17.62
31.53
10.44
322.82
331.06
927.21
0.0009
0.0008
0.0048
0.038
0.038
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.00916
0.038
0.038
0.038
0.0028
0.00445
0.013
0.071
0.071
0.071
0.071
0.071
553
8.41
17.7(12.5
TO 25)
2000
1116
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ppm
mg/L
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ai g/ha
% Purity
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
0.50%
0.50%
100
100
100
100
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
100
96
96
96
96
96
96
97.00%
94.50%
94.5
99.3
100
Ref#
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
7775
7775
16892
13445
13445
13811
13811
13811
13811
16892
13445
13445
13445
13811
16892
110537
110537
110537
110537
110537
110537
35243
35499
50386
50386
58076
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Pheretima
Pheretima
Phyllophaga
Physa
Physa
Physa
Physa
Physella
Phytoseiulus
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pinus
Pinus
Pissodes
Pissodes
Pissodes
Pissodes
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Species
sp.
sp.
anxia
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
persimilis
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
promelas
elliottii
elliottii
strobi
strobi
strobi
strobi
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
Common Name
Earthworm
Earthworm
Cranberry White Grub
Pouch snail
Pouch snail
Pouch snail
Pouch snail
Gastropod
Chilean Predatory Mite
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Slash pine
Slash pine
White Pine Weevil
White Pine Weevil
White Pine Weevil
White Pine Weevil
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
SURV
MORT
SURV
MORT
SURV
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
NOAEL
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-LETH
LCD
LC100
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NOAEL
NOAEL
LD50
LD50
LD95
LD95
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LR50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
7
21
1
2
2
2
2
2
0.7083333
10
10
2
4
4
10
7
7
7
2
2
7
7
10
2
7
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
579
480000
1
0.002
0.1
0.007
0.007
31.9
1.5
0.006422
0.067678
0.1627
0.2
0.506
0.03705
0.568
0.55
0.0123
0.15
0.51
0.2
0.00615
0.01235
6.29
0.025
12.934
12.934
0.78
0.48
1.77
0.98
193.9
1088.3
658.3
2616.1
0.0035
Cone
Value2
Preferred
6.29
0.25
0.01853
Cone Units
Preferred
Al mg/0.1
m2
ppm
% w/v
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ml/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al ug/cm2
% Purity
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
24.7
24.7
44.9
24.7
44.9
44.9
22.4
44.9
100
44.9
22.4
24.7
100
44.9
100
100
48
48
48
48
50
50
50
50
50
Ref#
66555
62642
100602
97793
97793
97793
97793
16806
80219
101293
101293
18996
12859
12859
101293
111434
111434
17878
18996
16806
111434
17878
101293
16806
111434
90506
90506
38137
38137
38137
38137
74117
74117
74117
74117
74117
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Genus
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Platynota
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Podisus
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Species
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
idaeusalis
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
maculiventris
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
Common Name
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Tufted apple bud moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Spined soldier bug
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LR50
LR50
LR90
LR90
LR90
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD50
LC01
LC01
LC10
LC10
LC15
LC15
LC5
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.02
0.01
0.012
0.03
0.03
560
560
42.5
68.7
40
2630
4310
1410
1550
3210
3630
4380
3880
2480
950
1180
3000
3370
520
5670
2500
1300
1850
4.98
0.76
0.76
1.12
1.12
1.22
1.22
0.98
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
74117
74117
74117
74117
74117
73712
73712
103261
103261
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
109180
68973
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilia
Poecilus
Pomacea
Pomacentrus
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Porcellio
Species
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
reticulata
latipinna
lepidus
canaliculate
amboinensis
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
scaber
Common Name
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Guppy
Sailfin molly
Beetle
Snail
Ambon Damselfish
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Common rough
woodlouse
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC5
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC85
LC85
LC90
LC90
LC95
LC95
LC99
LC99
LOAEL
NOAEL
NR-ZERO
LOEL
LC50
NOAEL
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD95
LD95
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LD50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
4
2
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
14
14
4.17E-02
100
1
3
2
2
7
7
2
2
8
8
7
7
42
42
35
35
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.98
0.067
1.79
0.00717
0.0070266
4.7
1.79
2.62
2.62
2.86
2.86
3.27
3.27
4.2
4.2
0.00000196
0.0005
0.038
960
0.978
0.25
0.332
0.416
0.209
9.3385
1.399
5.958
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
27.54
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.001
0.5
0.002
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
ai g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
ug
ug
ug/org
ug/org
ug
ug
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
ppm
% Purity
100
100
100
98
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
98
0.50%
100
100
99.5
99
99
95
95
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
80964
20421
80964
72831
80955
6279
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
80964
80955
72831
13445
64007
20421
75183
52668
52668
63635
63635
52668
52668
101977
101977
101977
101977
101977
101977
101977
101977
108888
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Porcellio
Porcellio
Porcellio
Porcellio
Procambarus
Procloeon
Procloeon
Prosimulium
Prosimulium
Pseudagrion
Psila
Psorophora
Psorophora
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pterostichus
Pungitius
Pungitius
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Species
scaber
scaber
scaber
scaber
clarkii
sp.
sp.
magnum
magnum
sp.
rosae
columbiae
columbiae
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
oblongopunctatus
oblongopunctatus
oblongopunctatus
melanarius
melanarius
melanarius
pungitius
pungitius
tigrina
tigrina
tigrina
tigrina
Common Name
Common rough
woodlouse
Common rough
woodlouse
Common rough
woodlouse
Common rough
woodlouse
Red swamp crayfish
Mayfly
Mayfly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Dragonfly
Carrot rust fly
Mosquito
Mosquito
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Carabid Beetle
Carabid Beetle
Carabid Beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ninespine stickleback
Ninespine stickleback
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD50
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LT50
LT50
LT50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
2
3
4
5
1.5
2
2
7.08E-03
7.08E-03
1
0.75
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
2.54
2.65
15.7
10
10
10
2
4
1
2
3
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
15.84
7.41
5.25
2
0.009225
0.000081
0.000081
0.0385
0.0331
0.0001
0.000157
0.106
0.0265
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
80
80
80
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.0057
0.0047
0.177(0.15
TO 0.21)
0.152(0.12
TO 0.189)
0.028(0.018
TO 0.042)
0.019(0.013
TO 0.03)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
1.44
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% w/v
ppm
ppm
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
AI ng
AI ng
AI ng
AI kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
22.5
99
99
100
100
100
>95
10.6
10.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
>=98
>=98
>=98
100
100
100
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
100
Ref#
108888
108888
108888
108888
4678
90039
90039
11650
11650
12022
72206
66086
66086
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
63623
109623
109623
109623
62744
63623
63623
8107
8107
61878
61878
61878
61878
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rana
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
tigrina
tigrina
boylii
tigrina
tigrina
tigrina
tigrina
tigrina
catesbeiana
pipiens
sphenocephala
boylii
boylii
sphenocephala
sphenocephala
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Foothill Yellow-legged
Frog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Tiger frog, Indian
bullfrog
Bullfrog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Foothill Yellow-legged
Frog
Foothill Yellow-legged
Frog
Leopard frog
Leopard frog
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LD10
LD10
LD10
LD50
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
Endpt2
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
5
6
1
4
1
3
2
5
14
4
12
2
4
12
12
7
7
7
14
-105
0.3333333
730
730
>=22
16
730
730
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.011(0.005
8 TO 0.023)
0.01(0.005
TO 0.023)
3.005(0.993
TO 157)
0.019
0.177
0.028
0.152
0.011
400
0.1984
94.8
1.19
0.5
0.0948
0.0948
14.7
46.06
133.28
151
4.83
45
2.916
2.916
0.998
14.88
10
10
2
22
198
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.966
4.99
24.8
5
45
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
% Purity
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
94.5
99.2
47.4
99
99
47.4
47.4
>98
>98
>98
99
>96.6
100
97.2
97.2
99.8
99.2
95.7
95.7
100
100
99
Ref#
61878
61878
92498
61878
61878
61878
61878
61878
50386
62284
101289
92498
92498
101289
101289
101287
101287
101287
50386
93040
101290
37866
37866
82431
92585
101288
101288
101290
101290
59712
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
7
10
7
60
60
60
-47
14
15
28
10
91
5
7
7
7
7
5
4
10
10
29
19
112
0.1666667
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
dpn
dpn
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
14.7
150
277.2
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
200
14.49
0.156
5
15
1
7.35
7.35
44.1
273.42
5
1
1
5
1
5
15
7.84
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
% Purity
>98
100
99
99
99
99
-99
98.1
>96.6
98
100
95.7
100
>98
>98
>98
>98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
Ref#
101287
86984
86316
86687
86687
86687
83931
52006
93040
90929
101292
101288
101292
101287
101287
105580
105580
108494
101896
101895
101895
107548
107548
108976
111524
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Genus
Rhepoxynius
Rhepoxynius
Rhepoxynius
Rhepoxynius
Rhepoxynius
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Romanomermis
Romanomermis
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Species
abronius
abronius
abronius
abronius
abronius
dominica
dominica
dominica
dominica
dominica
dominica
dominica
dominica
dominica
culicivorax
culicivorax
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
Common Name
Amphipod
Amphipod
Amphipod
Amphipod
Amphipod
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Parasitic Nematode
Parasitic Nematode
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Clam
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC90
LC10
LC50
LC90
LT10
LT10
LT10
LT10
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT90
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
4
14
5
14
14
14
5
5
5
5
1
1
60
60
60
0.5
1.2
2
5.6
1.9
4.5
8.2
22.2
7.1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00007
0.00014
0.0001
0.0001
0.0005
3
6
10
5
10
4.12
4.12
3.38
6
0.0021
0.0063
0.1
0.6
3.25
10
5
2.5
1.25
10
5
2.5
1.25
10
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
92
92
92
92
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Ref#
56538
56538
56538
3763
56538
108874
70789
111787
111787
111787
70407
70407
70407
70789
67468
67468
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
101434
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Sander
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Schizaphis
Schizaphis
Scirpophaga
Scirpophaga
Scirpophaga
Scirpophaga
Scymnus
Scymnus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Species
decussatus
decussatus
decussatus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
vitreus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
grammum
grammum
incertulas
incertulas
incertulas
incertulas
coccivora
coccivora
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vittatum
vittatum
vittatum
vittatum
vittatum
Common Name
Clam
Clam
Clam
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Walleye
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Greenbug
Greenbug
Rice Stem Borer
Rice Stem Borer
Rice Stem Borer
Rice Stem Borer
Lady Beetle
Lady Beetle
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Blackfly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
HTCH
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LT90
LT90
LT90
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LOAEL
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
EC50
EC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LT50
LT50
LT50
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
16.8
33.1
88.8
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
10
10
10
0.3333333
0.3333333
5
5
5
5
1
1
4
2
2
4
2
0.5666667
0.075
2.08E-02
0.25
1
1
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
5
2.5
1.25
0.225
0.316
0.024
0.029
0.012
0.013
0.037
0.026
0.041
0.045
0.043
33.864
108.564
27.888
33.864
27.888
17.928
338.64
338.64
2
1
16
0.0111
0.0594
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.0004
0.00009
0.05
0.0005
0.0008
0.5
6.3
31.9
0.001
0.0000588
0.0001078
0.0006664
0.0001274
0.0008918
Cone
Value2
Preferred
338.64
108.564
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
ug/3.5L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/eu
ug/eu
%
%
%
%
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
50
50
50
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
>=94
100
100
100
100
>=94
98
98
98
98
98
Ref#
101434
101434
101434
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
64958
71884
71884
71884
71884
71884
71884
71884
71884
72751
72751
72751
103314
103314
91433
91433
91433
91433
68988
68988
61913
108483
16806
8107
8107
16806
16806
16806
108483
80409
80409
80409
80409
80409
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Genus
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Simulium
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Species
argus
virgatum
vittatum
vittatum
vittatum
vittatum
vittatum
oryzae
sp.
zeamais
zeamais
zeamais
oryzae
sp.
zeamais
zeamais
zeamais
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
Common Name
Black Fly
Black Fly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Blackfly
Rice weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Rice weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LD50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC95
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
0.0416667
0.0416667
1
7.08E-03
7.08E-03
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0065
0.035
0.027
0.0127
0.02
0.00028
8.6
0.209
0.1375
0.007
0.007
0.008
1.1135
1.1025
0.012
0.012
0.014
0.6
0.48
0.58
0.88
1.69
0.6
0.58
1.11
1.23
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al ng/mg
bdwt
ppm
ppm
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
ppm
ppm
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
% Purity
100
100
>=98
99
50
50
96
96
96
50
50
96
96
96
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
Ref#
4529
4529
9304
11650
11650
71060
9304
69725
69725
71409
71409
71409
69725
69725
71409
71409
71409
108749
108749
108749
108749
108749
108876
108876
108876
108876
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Genus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Species
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
granarius
zeamais
oryzae
oryzae
granarius
granarius
granarius
Common Name
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Weevil
Rice weevil
Rice weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LD95
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
5
14
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1
0.69
0.88
2.21
1.69
1.08
1.25
1.29
1.43
3.9
1.08
1.29
3.77
2.21
1.82
1.22
1.43
4.55
3.9
9.6
6
5
2.6
2.6
2.6
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/mg org
ppm
ppm
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
% Purity
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
96
100
100
97
97
97
Ref#
108876
108876
108876
108876
108876
108749
108749
108749
108749
108749
108876
108876
108876
108876
108876
108876
108876
108876
108876
108482
70789
111787
108749
108749
108749
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitophilus
Sitotroga
Sitotroga
Skeletonema
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Species
granarius
granarius
granarius
zeamais
oryzae
zeamais
zeamais
zeamais
zeamais
cerealella
cerealella
costatum
invicta
invicta
saevissima
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
Common Name
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Granary weevil
Weevil
Rice weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Angoumais Grain Moth
Angoumais Grain Moth
Diatom
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red Fire Ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LD95
NR-LETH
LC50
LC95
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
0.25
0.25
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2.6
2.6
2.6
9.6
6
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.0755
0.5405
5
0.11
0.77
9.6
11.35
11.35
11.35
11.35
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/cm2
ug/mg org
ppm
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
ppm
ppm
mg/L
ug/eu
ug/eu
ug/mg org
Alg
Alg
Alg
Alg
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
% Purity
97
97
97
96
100
96
96
96
96
50
50
99
99
96
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
2
Ref#
108749
108749
108749
108482
70789
71409
71409
71409
71409
69725
69725
4803
87959
87959
108482
100273
100273
100273
100273
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
99595
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Sphoeroides
Spiralothelphusa
Spiralothelphusa
Spiralothelphusa
Spiralothelphusa
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Species
saevissima
invicta
invicta
sp.
hydrodoma
hydrodoma
hydrodoma
hydrodoma
littoralis
litura
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
exigua
exigua
exigua
Common Name
Red Fire Ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Common Puffer
Freshwater Field Crab
Freshwater Field Crab
Freshwater Field Crab
Freshwater Field Crab
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Common cutworm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC25
LC25
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
7
7
3
1
2
2
4
4
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
9.6
11.35
11.35
0.038
0.0388
0.0338
0.0308
0.024
400
1.66
28
168.1
240.2
268
275.3
179.6
156.9
73.2
295.2
207.3
28
168.1
240.2
268
275.3
179.6
156.9
73.2
295.2
207.3
0.0422
0.0973
0.0151
0.0735
0.0124
0.0063
0.0796
0.0031
0.000178
0.00017
0.000287
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/mg org
Alg
Alg
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
ppm
ppm
ppm
% Purity
96
2.5
2.5
0.50%
20
20
20
20
48
20
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.8
99.8
99.8
Ref#
108482
100273
100273
13445
108872
108872
108872
108872
78162
108748
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
62614
68637
68637
68637
68637
68637
68637
68637
68637
76827
76827
76827
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Species
exigua
exigua
exigua
littoralis
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
littoralis
littoralis
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
Common Name
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.000097
0.000078
0.000169
900
0.43
22.3
44.7
44.7
44.5
0.00015
0.018
4.39
6.12
2.8
0.4
7.8
35.4
28.9
17.1
29.1
30.5
19.8
18.3
13.6
44.7
83.6
31.7
12.8
85.5
55.9
14.3
80.1
181
34.9
2.78
3.03
9.68
9.34
10.9
7.8
18.5
5.04
12.6
2.14
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al %
Al %
ug/org
ug/org
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
% Purity
96
96
96
48
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
97.8
97.8
20
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
76827
76827
76827
78162
106134
106134
106134
106134
106134
93235
93235
108870
108870
108748
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108325
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Species
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
littoralis
littoralis
frugiperda
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
littoralis
littoralis
littoralis
littoralis
littoralis
littoralis
littoralis
littoralis
litura
litura
litura
litura
Common Name
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Fall armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Egyptian cotton
leafworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC90
LC95
LC95
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
11.5
5.36
2.92
8.29
13.3
41.4
27.8
35
37
62
21.7
44.6
10.7
45.3
25.2
19.2
0.00023
0.037
1.97
0.178
0.17
0.287
0.169
0.078
0.97
1.81
3.52
550
339
2.5
29.2
2.5
50
0.048
0.09
0.13
0.15
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al %
Al %
ppm
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
Al ug/org
ppm
ppm
ng
ng
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
100
99.8
99.8
99.8
96
96
96
>95
>95
100
100
100
100
100
100
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
Ref#
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
108867
93235
93235
68973
58604
58604
58604
58604
58604
58604
92552
92552
93346
93346
92701
92701
92448
92448
108870
108870
108870
108870
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Steinernema
Streptocephalus
Streptopelia
Tanytarsus
Tapes
Telenomus
Species
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
carpocapsae
sudanicus
risoria
sp.
philippinarum
remus
Common Name
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Nematode
Fairy Shrimp
Ringed turtle-dove
Midge
Japanese littleneck
clam
Parasitoid wasp
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD50
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LD90
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LT50
NR-LETH
NOAEL
EC50
LD50
LC50
NR-ZERO
NR-LETH
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
6
6
6
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
1
1
1 .6666667
2
2
2
7
1
4
0.2916667
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.27
6.21
2.41
2.16
1.91
2.54
3.29
3.19
6.46
6.34
5.98
5.86
8.99
5.48
3.76
5.2
8.11
0.17
1.38
3.25
3.78
2.43
326
304
635
15.7
91.9
15.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.8
0.5
100
0.00348(0.0
0305 TO
0.00455)
157(1 23 TO
200)
0.6
0.024
0.01
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
ug/org
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
ppm
Al kg/ha
ug/ml
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
%
% Purity
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
20
0.1
97
100
15
100
20
Ref#
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
63864
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
108870
91602
91602
91602
108748
91602
84164
59962
37111
5559
93292
94655
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Tenebrio
Tenebrio
Tetranychus
Thamnocephalus
Thermonectus
Thermonectus
Thermonectus
Thermonectus
Thermonectus
Thyridopteryx
Thyridopteryx
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Species
molitor
molitor
urticae
platyurus
basillaris
basillaris
basillaris
basillaris
basillaris
ephemeraeformis
ephemeraeformis
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
mossambica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
zillii
mossambica
zillii
mossambica
gumeensis
nilotica
nilotica
Common Name
Yellow mealworm
beetle
Yellow mealworm
beetle
Two-spotted spider
mite
Fairy shrimp
Predaceous beetle
Predaceous beetle
Predaceous beetle
Predaceous beetle
Predaceous beetle
Bagworm
Bagworm
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Speckled Tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LC10
LC50
LC90
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
LOAEL
LC01
LC01
LC10
LC10
LC15
LC15
LC5
LC5
LC5
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
5
5
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00054
0.00054
3352
0.00052576
0.0034
0.006
0.0087
0.0167
0.0167
299.565
599.13
0.92
0.92
1.17
1.17
1.24
1.24
1.08
0.01
1.08
0.03
1.57
0.02274
0.02597(0.0
197 TO
0.032)
0.24(0.18
TO 0.32)
0.052
0.002
0.31
0.0468(0.03
32 TO
0.0644)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
g
g
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
3
3
100
99.2
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
100
92
100
92
100
99
97
100
100
100
40
Ref#
64549
64549
112001
108323
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
88866
88866
80952
80952
80952
80952
80952
80952
80952
54793
80952
20421
80952
71979
71907
72744
54793
86905
12022
69824
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Species
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
mossambica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
mossambica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
gumeensis
gumeensis
gumeensis
guineensis
zillii
zillii
Common Name
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Speckled Tilapia
Speckled Tilapia
Speckled Tilapia
Speckled Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
HTCH
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC50*
LC85
LC85
LC90
LC90
LC95
LC95
LC95
LC99
LC99
LT50
LT50
LT50
LT50
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
3
2
1
4
2
3
1
4
0.5
1
2
0.5
1
2
0.5
0.5
1
1
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2.3416667
1.7791667
1 .2958333
0.7583333
90
35
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.048(0.034
8 TO 0.066)
0.0496(0.03
64 TO
0.068)
0.054(0.04
TO 0.0744)
0.0048(0.00
479 TO
0.00481)
0.0496
0.048
0.054
1.57
0.132
0.084
0.062
0.18
0.139
0.114
0.14
0.2
0.12
0.09
0.1
0.07
1.99
1.99
2.11
2.11
2.29
0.129
2.29
2.68
2.68
0.0125
0.025
0.05
0.1
0.0036
0.0017
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0036
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
40
40
40
95
40
40
40
92
92
92
92
92
92
100
92
92
92
100
100
100
100
97
97
Ref#
69824
69824
69824
13527
69824
69824
69824
80952
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
6090
80952
80952
80952
80952
80952
54793
80952
80952
80952
86905
86905
86905
86905
72744
72744
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Genus
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Tribolium
Species
nilotica
mossambica
nilotica
nilotica
guineensis
nilotica
mossambica
nilotica
nilotica
nilotica
vernalis
vernalis
vernalis
vernalis
vernalis
vernalis
vernalis
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
castaneum
Common Name
Nile tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Speckled Tilapia
Nile tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Nile tilapia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
SURV
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
Endpt2
NR-LETH
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
0.5
2
4
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
35
2
2
14
5
14
1
1
7
5
5
14
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
3.33
0.02
3.33
0.7
0.1
0.004
0.00125
0.7
0.06
0.06
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.24
0.002
0.002
0.001
67.6
140
3
6
5
1
1
6.5
20
6
10
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.008
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al % w/w
Al % w/w
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al % w/w
% Purity
92
95
92
92
100
100
95
92
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50.8
50.8
50.8
100
100
100
50.8
Ref#
80952
13527
80952
80952
86905
92620
13527
80952
104486
104486
95857
95857
95857
95857
101977
101977
101977
105016
105016
108874
70789
111787
91028
91028
91028
108868
70789
111787
91028
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Trichodactylus
Trichodactylus
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trichoplusia
Trichoplusia
Trichoplusia
Triops
Triops
Triops
Trioxys
Trioxys
Trioxys
Trioxys
Trogoderma
Tropisternus
Tropisternus
Tropisternus
Tropisternus
Tropisternus
Tropisternus
Tropisternus
Tropisternus
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Species
borellianus
borellianus
brassica
brassica
brassica
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
plainer!
ni
ni
ni
longlcaudatus
longicaudatus
longlcaudatus
complanatus
complanatus
complanatus
complanatus
grananum
lateralis
lateralls
lateralis
lateralls
lateralis
lateralls
lateralis
lateralis
pyn
pyn
pyn
pyn
laevis
laevis
laevis
Common Name
Freshwater crab
Freshwater crab
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Parasitic wasp
Cabbage looper
Cabbage looper
Cabbage looper
Tadpole shrimp
Tadpole shrimp
Tadpole shrimp
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitic Wasp
Skin Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Predatory mite
Predatory mite
Predatory mite
Predatory mite
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
Endpt!
LC50
NR-LETH
LC20
LC20
LD0.1
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC90
NR-LETH
LOAEL
LOAEL
NR-LETH
NR-ZERO
NR-LETH
LC10
LC10
LC50
LC50
LC90
LC90
NR-ZERO
NR-ZERO
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC16
LC16
LC16
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0.8333333
1
1
16
1
>1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.1163136
0.144
4.5
4.72
1.266
45
45
450
450
45
45
450
450
450
45
45
450
45
45
0.095
0.095
0.0095
0.004
0.0075
0.0072 TO
0.072
250
250
250
0.0167
0.5
0.005
0.01
0.008
0.052
0.014
0.16
0.0167
0.0167
5000
20000
5000
5000
10.7136
0.194432
10.7136
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
ng
ng
ng
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Ppm
Ppm
Ppm
%
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
AI Ib/acre
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
ppm
Ppm
Ppm
Ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
48
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95 to 99
4
4
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
50
100
99.2
99.2
99.2
Ref#
109027
109027
48629
48629
48628
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
63713
82480
82480
49985
60194
60194
8008
36687
36687
36687
60691
63827
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
60691
63049
63049
63049
63049
86343
86343
68227
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Xenopus
Zeiraphera
Zeiraphera
Zeiraphera
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Agelaius
Species
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
laevis
canadensis
canadensis
canadensis
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
Common Name
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Spruce Budworm
Spruce Budworm
Spruce Budworm
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
Effect
Group
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MOR
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
Meas
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
MORT
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
Endpt!
LC16
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC50
LC84
LC84
LC84
LC84
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
NR-LETH
LC50
LC50
NR-LETH
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
4
4
4
4
4
4
10
4
4
4
4
120
4
10
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
1
2
4
6
8
1
2
4
6
8
1
2
4
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hpf
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.1984
14.4832
0.559488
14.4832
0.55552(0.1
984 TO
1 .60704)
2.41(2.135
TO 2.722)
0.0925
19.5424
1 .60704
19.5424
1 .60704
5.94
1.28
0.02
19.84
1.984
19.84
9.92
0.045
0.0186
160
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al ug/cm2
Al ug/cm2
Al g/ha
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.8
99.8
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
>99
99.8
99.8
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.2
100
100
100
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
Ref#
68227
86343
86343
68227
68227
73373
73373
86343
86343
68227
68227
76738
73373
73373
86343
86343
68227
68227
73595
73595
73595
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Genus
Agelaius
Agelaius
Aphytis
Aphytis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Canis
Colinus
Colinus
Coturnix
Coturnix
Coturnix
Crassostrea
Crassostrea
Crassostrea
Crassostrea
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Species
phoeniceus
phoeniceus
melinus
melinus
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
familiaris
virgmianus
virgmianus
japonica
japonica
japonica
virginica
virginica
virginica
virginica
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
Common Name
red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird
Red Scale Parasite
Red Scale Parasite
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
Domestic dog
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
Japanese quail
American or Virginia
oyster
American or Virginia
oyster
American or Virginia
oyster
American or Virginia
oyster
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
MPH
MPH
MPH
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
Meas
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
DEPO
DEPO
DEPO
DEPO
WGHT
LGTH
SMIX
WGHT
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
SMIX
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
WGHT
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
Endpt!
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
6
8
1
1
730
730
365
365
30
30
4
4
4
4
210
13
210
210
13
13
13
210
210
1
35
35
35
35
210
35
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2
2
0.126
0.126
0.972
2.916
2.916
2.916
6.7
3.4
840
840
840
0.034
0.27
0.034
0.32
0.999
0.032
100
100
0.032
0.032
0.032
100
100
49.5
100
100
0.999
0.999
0.999
100
Cone
Value2
Preferred
2.916
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
94
94
100
100
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.2
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
100
99.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
99.9
99.9
99.9
100
Ref#
72659
72659
93319
93319
37866
37866
37866
37866
78023
78023
62611
62611
62611
56465
14574
14574
14574
37995
72830
37995
37995
72830
72830
72830
37995
37995
101344
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
37995
-------
Chemical Name
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Callus
Lampsilis
Lampsilis
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Pinus
Pinus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
domesticus
siliquoidea
siliquoidea
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
elliottii
elliottii
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Domestic Chicken
Lamp-mussel
Lamp-mussel
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
Slash pine
Slash pine
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
Meas
WGHT
SMIX
WGHT
SMIX
LGTH
LGTH
SMIX
WGHT
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
DMTR
DMTR
THIK
THIK
THIK
THIK
DMTR
THIK
THIK
SIZE
SIZE
DMTR
DMTR
THIK
SMIX
SMIX
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
WGHT
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
WGHT
SMIX
Endpt!
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
Dur
Preferred
35
210
35
35
21
21
3
12
12
7
7
7
7
7
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
1
1
9
<=49
<=70
21
28
28
15
<=2. 08333
333333333
15
15
10
730
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
100
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.03
0.01347
25
10
10
40
100
100
100
100
4.6875
7.03
7.03
7.03
7.03
7.03
4.6875
7.03
4.6875
7.03
4.6875
12.934
12.934
5
1
1
59.4
0.147
0.147
2.898
45
7
7
40
2.916
Cone
Value2
Preferred
25
50
7.03
7.03
7.03
7.03
0.0966
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
% Purity
100
99.9
99.9
99.9
99
44.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
100
100
100
100
100
99
98
98
>96.6
100
100
100
100
97.2
Ref#
37995
37995
37995
37995
99469
99469
92612
93131
93131
72917
72917
72917
72917
72917
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
90506
90506
92501
93127
93127
86773
90929
90929
93040
101290
101456
101456
109625
37866
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
Meas
SMIX
WGHT
WGHT
LGTH
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
SMIX
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
WGHT
WGHT
SMIX
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
DMTR
SMTE
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
SMIX
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
730
150
150
2
>=22
16
21
15
3
4
10
5
730
730
1
9
28
12
5
5
30
10
10
10
10
2
2
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2.916
1
1
50
0.998
24.8
59.4
14.49
10
50
5
1
10
10
49.5
196
5
46.1136
5
5
7.5
1
5
1
5
50
50
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
Cone
Value2
Preferred
4.99
50
250
5
25
12.5
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
% Purity
97.2
100
100
100
99.8
99.2
99
>96.6
100
100
100
100
95.7
95.7
99
>=98
100
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
Ref#
37866
92500
92500
93418
82431
92585
86773
93040
92617
92617
101292
101292
101288
101288
101344
101333
101343
101523
108494
108494
108473
108488
108488
101894
101894
93418
93418
90929
90929
90929
90929
90929
90929
90929
90929
90929
90929
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Sturnus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
european starling
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
Effect
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
Meas
SMTE
DMTR
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
Endpt!
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
2
120
120
120
120
1
2
4
6
8
10
13
1
2
4
6
8
10
13
1
2
4
6
8
10
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
50
50
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
Ref#
93418
93418
108902
108902
108902
108902
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
72659
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Sturnus
Tinea
Vicia
Xenopus
Xenopus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Penaeus
Anabaena
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Cucumis
Eisenia
Felis
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Fundulus
Gambusia
Gambusia
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine
Helicoverpa
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Mus
Mus
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Species
vulgaris
tinea
faba
laevis
laevis
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
sp.
oryzae
caliginosa
caliginosa
sativus
andrei
catus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
heteroclitus
affinis
affinis
max
max
max
max
max
zea
saliva
saliva
saliva
musculus
musculus
integer
integer
integer
integer
integer
integer
Common Name
european starling
Tench
Faba Bean
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Penaeidean shrimp
Blue-green algae
Worm
Worm
Cucumber
Earthworm
Domestic cat
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Mummichog
Western mosquitofish
Western mosquitofish
Soybean
Soybean
Soybean
Soybean
Soybean
Corn earworm
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
House mouse
House mouse
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Effect
Group
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
GRO
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Effect
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
MPH
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
NOC
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Meas
LGTH
BVSL
LGTH
LGTH
LGTH
MULT
MULT
MULT
MULT
MULT
MULT
MULT
GLUP
NRUP
NRUP
STOC
NRUP
EPYR
TNST
TNST
TNST
TNST
TNST
TNST
TNST
TNST
LDPX
VENT
PSYN
PSYN
PSYN
PSYN
PSYN
FDCV
PSYN
PSYN
PSYN
SLVN
SLVN
OXYG
OXYG
SCGR
OXYG
OXYG
SCGR
Endpt!
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
13
5
2
4
4
17
1 TO 3
1 TO 3
1 TO 3
1 TO 3
1 TO 3
2
7
7
28
1
21
60
28
28
28
28
4
4
4
4
4
20
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
12
<=7
2
2
2
4
7
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
2
181
1660
0.000992
0.0992
0.0002
0.0004
0.00064
0.0001
0.00037
0.00024
0.0002
5
0.75
4
480
50
297
0.01
0.01706
0.0122
0.00711
0.00233
0.0118
0.0024
0.0024
0.297
0.06
0.49952
0.49952
0.49952
0.149856
0.49952
0.097
0.49952
0.49952
0.49952
1
12.5
0.000038
0.000038
0.000038
0.000038
0.000038
0.000056
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00992
0.992
25
0.0122
0.00572
10
25
7.2E-05
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/ha
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/kg
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ug/org
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
94
100
100
99.2
99.2
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
100
40
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.9
99
100
100
100
100
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
72659
72787
93335
86343
86343
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
15259
67667
73642
63359
93531
71160
101531
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
62229
108320
108871
64569
64569
64569
64569
64569
68739
64569
64569
64569
93131
93364
60867
77062
77062
77062
77062
77062
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Neomysis
Neomysis
Neomysis
Nostoc
Oncorhynchus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Oryctolagus
Pomacentrus
Porcellio
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
integer
integer
integer
muscorum
kisutch
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
cuniculus
amboinensis
scaber
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Opossum shrimp
Blue-green algae
Coho salmon, silver
salmon
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
European rabbit
Ambon Damselfish
Common rough
wood louse
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Effect
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Meas
NRGI
EISA
NRGI
GLUP
EPYR
HTRT
CDOP
STVL
BDVL
BDVL
BDVL
HTRT
ASML
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
GLUP
BTMP
BTMP
LDPX
EECG
THRG
H3BD
THRG
PRSY
PRSY
CMRB
LDPX
THRG
BTMP
BTMP
BTMP
MIOS
CMRB
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
7
2
2
7
7
90
90
90
90
90
90
3
14
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
8.33E-02
56
3
3
56
1
-0.166666
666666667
42
<=1
0.1666667
0.1666667
9
15
0.125
2
5
8
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0001
0.000038
0.000056
50
0.00057
4.6875
4.6875
7.03
4.6875
4.6875
4.6875
0.25
0.01
0.995
1.99
0.995
1.99
13.5
29.7
29.7
13.5
10
10
1
280
2
11
196
30
10
9.9
4.95
25
5
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
5.6E-05
7.2E-05
75
7.03
7.03
7.03
7.03
7.03
0.5
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
ppm
ml/kg
ml/kg
ml/kg
ml/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg/d
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
% Purity
100
100
100
100
99.2
25
25
25
25
25
25
99.5
100
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
100
>99
>99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
>=98
>=96.5
100
99
99
100
100
>98
Ref#
77062
77062
77062
67667
82495
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
92599
75183
108888
93278
93278
93278
93278
93536
86768
86768
86700
92623
93294
92627
93322
101290
101290
101333
101426
101428
101427
101427
101530
101425
104726
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Effect
Group
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Effect
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Meas
BTMP
CMRB
CMRB
H3BD
LDPX
NRSP
BTMP
BTMP
BTMP
THRG
THRG
SLVN
GPHY
GPHY
GPHY
THRG
THRG
GPHY
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
TEAR
PRSY
PRSY
SLVN
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
5
112
30
1
1
~3
~1
7
3
3
3
180
1
3
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
0.2708333
15
15
2
2
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dpn
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
250
7.275
65.96
5
1
18
10
25
19.8
19.8
277.2
29.7
49.5
247.5
1
19.8
3
9.95
3.98
24.875
24.875
9.95
9.95
50
100
11
2
277.2
Cone
Value2
Preferred
5
7
19.9
9.95
49.75
49.75
49.75
49.75
100
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
% Purity
100
>=97
>=97
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
99
99
100
99
100
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
98.1
98.1
100
100
99
Ref#
108195
107510
107510
101895
108976
108380
101890
101890
101890
93295
93295
86316
92571
92571
92571
92584
93295
80698
92628
92628
92628
92628
92628
92628
52006
52006
101290
101290
101423
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rhododendron
Ruditapes
Ruditapes
Tilapia
Trichodactylus
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Species
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
indicum
decussatus
decussatus
mossambica
borellianus
mays
mays
mays
mays
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
Common Name
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Azalea indica
Clam
Clam
Mozambique tilapia
Freshwater crab
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
THRG
SZRE
GPHY
BTMP
PRSY
H3BD
BTMP
THRG
THRG
THRG
THRG
THRG
THRG
THRG
PSYN
OXYG
LDPX
RPRT
NRGX
PSYN
PSYN
PSYN
PSYN
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
-0.291666
666666667
28
0.1458333
5
10
0.5
-1.5
-1
-2
-2.5
-2
-2.5
-3
21
14
14
90
1
33
14
3
54
7
0.7
105
133
14
28
329
357
56
7
84
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
10
0.99
15
9.95
1
1
5
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
213.9
0.3
0.3
0.005
0.144
3.4
0.99904
0.99904
3.4
0.0028
0.006
0.044
0.0009
0.0009
0.0009
0.0001
0.0009
0.006
0.0009
0.006
Cone
Value2
Preferred
50
2.97
30
29.85
10
0.01
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
Al mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/305 m
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al g/305 m
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
99
100
99.5
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
100
50
50
100
48
100
100
100
100
Ref#
101428
101528
101526
108484
101896
101895
104996
93295
93295
93295
93295
93295
93295
93295
64755
101434
109600
54793
109027
64451
64451
64451
64451
17254
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia
Acanthocyclops
Acheta
Acrobasis
Aculus
Aculus
Acyrthosiphon
Acyrthosiphon
Acyrthosiphon
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Adoxophyes
Agaricus
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agrotis
Agyneta
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Species
sp.
sp.
vernalis
pennsylvanicus
nuxvorella
schlechtendali
schlechtendali
pisum
pisum
pisum
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
orana
bisporus
ipsilon
sp.
orthogonia
orthogonia
ipsilon
sp.
decora
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Common Name
Midge
Midge
Cyclopoid copepod
Field Cricket
Pecan Nut Casebearer
Apple rust mite
Apple rust mite
Pea aphid
Pea aphid
Pea aphid
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Tortrix moth
Champignon
mushroom
Cutworm
Cutworm
Pale Western Cutworm
Pale Western Cutworm
Cutworm
Cutworm
Spider
NR
NR
NR
Algae
Algae
Algae
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
DMTR
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CHLA
CHLA
ABND
DVRS
DVRS
CHLA
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NR-LETH
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
7
0.7
4
56
22
47
35
14
1
1
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
17
35
17
35
60
60
23
33
37
30
37
30
230
218
209
7
4
35
21
21
4
11
1470
-10
-10
14
21
7
21
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0009
0.006
0.51
94
0.75
500
960
1.12
1.12
1.12
960
960
960
240
960
960
240
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
960
10
1
0.18
0.5
0.5
1
2
0.674215
0.51
0.51
0.035
0.001
0.001
0.001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.044
6.29
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/g
Al Ib/acre
L/ha
Al g/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
ppm
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
L/ha
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
>=94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
100
15
100
100
100
100
44.65
100
100
100
40
40
40
Ref#
17254
96385
16806
54971
91493
90375
90375
63402
63402
63402
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
63259
87134
82449
102135
91439
91439
82449
104170
108875
16806
16806
68345
108318
108318
108318
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Allium
Allomenga
Alona
Altica
Anabaena
Anabaena
Ankistrodesmus
Anomala
Aphis
Aphytis
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Arachis
Arachis
Arachis
Arachis
Arachis
Arachis
Ascomorpha
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Asellus
Species
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae
cepa
scopigera
sp.
sylvia
flosaquae
flosaquae
falcatus
orientalis
gossypii
melinus
caliginosa
caliginosa
caliginosa
hypogaea
hypogaea
hypogaea
hypogaea
hypogaea
hypogaea
saltans
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
aquaticus
Common Name
Algae
NR
NR
NR
NR
Algae
Common onion
Money Spider
Water flea
Blueberry Flea Beetle
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Green algae
Oriental Beetle
Cotton aphid
Red Scale Parasite
Worm
Worm
Worm
Peanut
Peanut
Peanut
Peanut
Peanut
Peanut
Rotifer
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Aquatic sowbug
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
CHLA
ABND
ABND
DVRS
ABND
CHLA
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
PORT
PORT
CHLO
ABND
ABND
SEXR
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
IC10
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
0
30
30
30
30
14
141
1470
4
1
7
7
>2.777777
77777778E
02
60
42
1
7
7
28
na
75
-60
67
67
67
31
112
14
28
42
56
7
70
91
112
133
14
154
182
7
70
91
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.000018
TO
0.000053
4.2816
0.674215
0.51
2.56
0.041
0.041
3.7088(1.36
64 TO
35.136)
4
226.8
0.126
15
5.5
5.6
1 .99808
2.4976
1 .99808
1 .99808
1 .99808
1 .99808
0.000215
0.035
0.035
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.035
0.035
0.005
0.005
0.005
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Just
RangeO.
000035
TO
0.00047
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
L/ha
ug/L
oz/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Alg/100gal
ppm
ug/kg soil
ug/kg soil
Al kg/ha
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
44.65
100
4
41
41
97.6
100
50
100
100
100
40
100
15
15
15
15
15
48
Ref#
108318
67672
67672
67672
67672
101436
97443
108875
16806
88737
2704
2704
80943
88693
111695
93319
92818
92818
63600
70701
70314
70314
70700
70700
70700
108321
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aspergillus
Asplanchna
Asplanchna
Bathyphantes
Begonia
Begonia
Begonia
Begonia
Begonia
Bellerochea
Bembidion
Bembidion
Beta
Bombus
Bourletiella
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brassica
Brassica
Brassica
Brassica
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Species
giganteus
sp.
sp.
gracilis
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
polymorpha
obscurellum
quadrimaculatum
vulgaris
impatiens
spinata
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
urceolaris
calyciflorus
sp.
calyciflorus
angularis
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
urceolaris
napus
napus
juncea
napus
horaria
sp.
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
horaria
luctuosa
luctuosa
luctuosa
luctuosa
luctuosa
luctuosa
Common Name
Fungi
Rotifer
Rotifer
Spider
Begonia
Begonia
Begonia
Begonia
Begonia
Diatom
Beetle
Carabid beetle
Beet
Bumble Bee
Globular Springtail
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Colza
Colza
Brown mustard
Colza
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
WGHT
WGHT
WGHT
ABND
ABND
GPOP
ABND
ABND
BMAS
WGHT
ABND
PORT
PORT
ABND
PORT
ABND
PORT
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
IC50
LOEC
LOEC
MATC
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
9
350
35
1470
30
30
30
30
30
2
NA
14
350
2
2
7
2
350
2
15
42
42
42
150
NA
-60
7
4
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
0.7
105
14
28
357
385
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
12
32
0.01
0.674215
150
150
7.42
7.42
7.42
0.24
0.48
0.48
2
1.12
32
0.36
0.33
0.001
0.27
32
0.23
0.0002
0.001
0.001
0.001
4.014
1
0.04
0.5
0.0004
0.51
0.006
0.0009
0.006
0.0009
0.0009
0.0001
0.044
0.0001
0.0001
0.0009
0.0009
0.0009
0.006
0.006
0.044
0.0009
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
18
0.1
0.0017
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ug/L
mg/L
L/ha
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
%
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
40
44.65
50
50
50
50
5
100
100
15
50
100
40
100
48
40
40
40
5
100
100
100
100
Ref#
67232
16806
107372
108875
64397
64397
64397
64397
64397
13180
66145
66145
88778
69721
16806
17689
17689
108318
17689
16806
17689
108486
108318
108318
108318
74582
89372
75046
73094
17254
16806
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Caenis
Cajanus
Callirhytis
Calocoris
Calocoris
Calocoris
Campylomma
Campylomma
Campylomma
Capsicum
Capsicum
Capsicum
Capsicum
Capsicum
Capsicum
Capsicum
Centromerita
Cephalodella
Ceratophysella
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Cerotoma
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Species
luctuosa
luctuosa
horaria
horaria
luctuosa
cajan
cornigera
angustatus
angustatus
angustatus
verbasci
verbasci
verbasci
annuum
annuum
annuum
annuum
annuum
annuum
annuum
bicolor
gibba
denticulata
sp.
cornuta
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
cornuta
cornuta
trifurcata
trifurcata
trifurcata
trifurcata
trifurcata
trifurcata
trifurcata
trifurcata
trifurcata
obscuripes
obscuripes
Common Name
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Pigeonpea
Parasitic Wasp
Sorghum Head Bug
Sorghum Head Bug
Sorghum Head Bug
Mullein Bug
Mullein Bug
Mullein Bug
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Bell pepper
Spider
Rotifer
Springtail
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Bean Leaf Beetle
Midge
Midge
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
PORT
PGRT
PORT
PGRT
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
56
84
7
0.7
0.7
na
-60
1
NA
1
33
18
18
-70
-70
na
na
-70
-70
1470
14
1140
4
4
33
33
32
32
7
42
35
21
14
30
21
14
7
14
14
7
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
stg
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0009
0.044
0.0009
0.006
0.006
0.05
1.2
250
250
250
1.5
0.75
1.5
1
1
0.445
0.445
1
1
1
0.674215
1E-11
0.674215
0.51
0.001
0.000045
0.000045
0.00006
0.000025
0.001
0.001
62
62
62
62
62
62
1
62
62
0.0004
0.035
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.044
0.044
0.00006
0.00006
4.5E-05
0.01
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%
aig/L
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
AI g/ha
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
L/ha
mg/L
L/ha
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Alg/100kg
sd
Alg/100kg
sd
Alg/100kg
sd
Alg/100kg
sd
Alg/100kg
sd
Alg/100kg
sd
AI Ib/acre
Alg/100kg
sd
Alg/100kg
sd
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
44.65
100
44.65
100
40
>98
>98
>98
>98
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
50
50
100
Ref#
17218
17218
17254
96385
96385
89154
87491
92941
92941
104816
100741
100741
100741
82730
82730
91430
91430
99404
82730
82730
108875
101436
108875
16806
108318
65825
65825
60979
60979
107372
108318
81364
81364
81364
81364
81364
81364
91336
81364
81364
17254
68345
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chaoborus
Chironomini
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Chlorella
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Choristoneura
Chromatomyia
Chydorus
Chydorus
Species
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
obscuripes
Chironomini
tentans
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
reinhardtii
vulgaris
pyrenoidosa
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
rosaceana
horticola
sphaericus
sphaericus
Common Name
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge tribe
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Midge
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Oblique banded leaf
roller
Pea Leafminer
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
SEXR
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
PORT
CHLO
PORT
CNTL
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
IC10
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
7
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
7
0.7
14
20
105
133
168
28
385
56
7
84
84
7
>4.861111
11111111E
02
5
21
21
22
53
22
7
4
14
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.035
0.0001
0.006
0.044
0.0001
0.006
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.0009
0.006
0.0009
0.0001
0.00001236
0.0000995
0.006
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.006
0.041
0.21472(0.1
7568 TO
0.33184)
0.0041
16
16
16
1.5
16
0.000025
0.51
1E-11
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0009
0.044
0.041
Just
RangeO.
000018
TO
0.000053
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
oz/100gal
oz/100gal
oz/100gal
Ib/acre
oz/100gal
%
ug/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
41.2
99.5
100
41
97.6
41
100
100
100
50
100
0.05
100
100
Ref#
68345
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17254
96385
62037
89548
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
96385
2704
80943
2704
82548
82548
82548
98018
82548
89295
16806
101436
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Genus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus
Cladotanytarsus
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cloeon
Cnaphalocrocis
Coccochloris
Cochylis
Coelastrum
Coelastrum
Coelastrum
Coelastrum
Coleotechnites
Colurella
Colurella
Conotrachelus
Contarinia
Costelytra
Cotinus
Cryptolestes
Species
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
limon
sp.
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
dipterum
medinalis
peniocystis
hospes
astroideum
microporum
astroideum
microporum
milleri
sp.
sp.
nenuphar
sorghicola
zealandica
nitida
ferrugineus
Common Name
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Lemon
Chironomid
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Mayfly
Rice leaf folder moth
Blue-green algae
Banded sunflower
moth
Algae
Green algae
Algae
Green algae
Lodgepole
Needleminer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Plum Curculio
NR
Grass Grub
Green June Beetle
Rusty Grain Beetle
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
PORT
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOEC
EC10
EC50
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
3 TO 80
2
7
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
7
0.7
20
7
NA
7
7
35
35
180
42
42
53
133
20
120
Dur Unit
Preferred
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
ma
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.00005 TO
0.00318
0.0003
0.0003
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.0001
0.0009
400
0.041
0.84
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
454
0.001
0.001
1.5
250
2
1
3
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.006
Cone Units
Preferred
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
mg/L
ai kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
AI g/378 L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
AI g/ha
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
ppm
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
41
100
40
40
40
40
100
40
40
50
100
5
100
100
Ref#
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
64642
4186
4331
17254
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17254
96385
101321
2704
79761
108318
108318
108318
108318
99767
108318
108318
98018
104816
49142
88817
108874
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Culex
Cyclocephala
Cyclocypris
Cydia
Cylas
Cyrtorhinus
Dalbulus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Delia
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Species
quinquefasciatus
borealis
Cyclocypris
pomonella
formicarius
lividipennis
maidis
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
carinata
carinata
pulex
pulex
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
galeata
antiqua
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
Common Name
Southern house
mosquito
Northern Masked
Chafer
Ostracod
Coddling moth
Sweet potato weevil
Mirid Bug
Corn Leafhopper
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Onion Maggot
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
SEXR
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
IRIN
IRIN
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
14
4
77
37
2
7
2
7
OTO28
OTO21
21
21
OTO28
OTO21
105
133
14
168
28
357
385
56
7
84
28
8
3
69
1
1
1
Dur Unit
Preferred
ma
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.000004
3
32
2
1250
0.02
500
0.0003
0.00025
0.00031
0.00034
0.00024
0.00026
0.000025
0.0000498
0.00017
0.000052
0.006
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.006
0.0001
0.0002
0.000012
4.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.9
0.9
0.9
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00005
0.0009
0.0017
7.4E-05
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
ug/L
Al Ib/acre
Al g/ha
%
cm3/0.7 ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
% Purity
100
100
100
4
100
100
100
99.6
99.6
100
48
48
100
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Ref#
103416
88813
16806
106275
89011
94530
63962
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
18477
107384
107384
18477
18477
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
96385
108486
108321
97443
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
76880
79802
79802
79802
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diabrotica
Diadegma
Diaspidiotus
Dichocrocis
Dicrytomina
Diuraphis
Dunaliella
Dunaliella
Species
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
virgifera
virgifera
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
insulare
permciosus
punctiferalis
ornata
noxia
tertiolecta
tertiolecta
Common Name
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Western corn
rootworm
Western corn
rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Corn rootworm
Parasitic Wasp
San Jose Scale
Castor Pod Borer
Globular Springtail
Russian Wheat Aphid
Green algae
Green algae
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
PORT
CHLO
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
EC50
IC10
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
90
74
70
70
1
6
133
1
1140
7
4
>0.03125
Dur Unit
Preferred
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
d
d
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
d
d
gs
hv
d
d
gs
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
1.2
1.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1
1.12
1.5
1.5
0.674215
0.5
0.769(0.727
TO 0.81 4)
0.040016(0.
027328 TO
0.049776)
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al oz/1000
ft
Al oz/1000
ft
oz/1000 ft
Al Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
Ib/acre
%
L/ha
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
100
100
15
15
15
15
100
50
100
44.65
100
100
97.6
Ref#
79802
79802
79802
79802
79802
79802
79802
58594
58594
106255
106255
106255
106255
106255
106255
106255
106255
106255
106256
106256
106256
106256
106256
106256
106256
106256
106256
106256
106256
88058
88058
102134
102134
79802
106256
99617
98018
91434
108875
91914
81619
80943
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Dunaliella
Egira
Egira
Empoasca
Empoasca
Empoasca
Enallagma
Endopiza
Eoreuma
Epitrix
Epitrix
Epitrix
Epitrix
Epitrix
Epitrix
Epitrix
Erigone
Euchlanis
Eucyclops
Euetheola
Euetheola
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Euxoa
Evergestis
Evergestis
Fenusa
Fenusa
Ferrissia
Filinia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Species
tertiolecta
curialis
curialis
fabae
fabae
fabae
sp.
viteana
loftini
hertipennis
hertipennis
hertipennis
hertipennis
tuberis
tuberis
tuberis
dentipalpis
sp.
sp.
humilis
humilis
messona
messona
messoria
messona
messoria
detersa
forficalis
forficalis
pusilla
pusilla
sp.
longiseta
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
Common Name
Green algae
Citrus cutworm
Citrus cutworm
Potato leafhopper
Potato leafhopper
Potato leafhopper
Damselfly
Grape berry moth
Mexican rice borer
Tobacco Flea Beetle
Tobacco Flea Beetle
Tobacco Flea Beetle
Tobacco Flea Beetle
Tuber Flea Beetle
Tuber Flea Beetle
Tuber Flea Beetle
Spider
Rotifer
Cyclopoid copepod
Sugarcane Beetle
Sugarcane Beetle
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Darksided Cutworm
Sandhill Cutworm
Garden Pebble Moth
Garden Pebble Moth
Birch Leafminer
Birch Leafminer
Gastropod
Rotifer
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
PORT
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
PORT
PORT
PORT
PORT
IRIN
IRIN
IRIN
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
LOAEL
LOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOEC
NOEC
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
4
7
7
7
28
20
16
89
30
-60
-60
17
4
6
6
1470
350
16
48
14
<=1
<=1
<=1
<=1
<=1
1
3
3
15
29
3 TO 80
35
35
35
35
35
120
120
120
112
14
154
28
42
56
7
70
91
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
gs
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.4
8
8
0.75
1.5
0.75
0.51
0.37
1.12
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
0.674215
32
6.29
1
1
560
560
560
2240
1120
1
0.05
0.05
599.13
1198.26
0.00005 TO
0.00318
0.001
0.164
0.127
0.1
0.113
20
6
5.6
0.005
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.6
6.29
32
1198.26
0.01
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ug/L
Al Ib/acre
Al I/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al g/10m
Al g/10m
Al g/10m
L/ha
ug/L
ug/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al Ib/acre
%
%
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/g dry fd
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
4
50
4
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
15
15
15
44.65
100
100
15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
40
100
100
100
Ref#
81619
82452
82452
79773
98018
79773
16806
88518
111999
107447
88787
88779
104170
96616
96616
96616
108875
16806
16806
102135
110034
100381
100381
100381
100381
100381
88660
89400
89400
88865
88865
4186
107372
40227
40227
40227
40227
48438
108163
108163
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Gammarus
Glomus
Glycine
Glycine
Gossypium
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita
Gyraulus
Halteria
Helianthus
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa
Helisoma
Henosepilachna
Hexarthra
Hexarthra
Hexarthra
Homoeosoma
Homoeosoma
Hoplia
Hoplia
Hoplia
Hoplia
Hyalella
Hydra
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Species
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
pulex
sp.
max
max
hirsutum
molesta
molesta
molesta
molesta
molesta
molesta
parvus
sp.
annuus
zea
zea
zea
zea
zea
anceps
virgintioctopunctata
mira
mira
mira
electellum
electellum
philanthus
philanthus
philanthus
philanthus
azteca
sp.
sp.
versicolor
versicolor
Common Name
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Scud
Mycorrhizae fungi
Soybean
Soybean
Cotton
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Oriental fruit moth
Ash Gyro
Ciliate
Common annual
sunflower
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Corn earworm
Snail
Twentysix-spotted
Potato Ladybird Beetle
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Sunflower Moth
Sunflower Moth
White Grub
White Grub
White Grub
White Grub
Scud
Hydra
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
133
154
182
105
133
168
294
329
357
385
56
84
56
na
3
38
-135
17
17
14
14
118
118
350
7
NA
18
7
5
3
6
350
3
14
42
42
14
14
49
49
49
49
4
350
350
0.7
14
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.035
0.005
0.035
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
1.338
0.5
0.5
0.05
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1500
3000
32
0.0001
0.74928
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.25
1
32
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.001
0.56
0.56
2
2
2
2
0.51
32
32
0.044
0.0009
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0009
0.1
6.29
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
L/ha
L/ha
ug/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ug/L
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
50
100
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
40
40
40
100
100
5
5
5
5
100
100
100
Ref#
4330
4330
4330
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
96385
93320
110060
110060
88776
63049
63049
63049
63049
64233
64233
16806
17254
79761
79278
88857
88858
88856
96146
16806
89595
107372
108318
108318
91616
91616
92881
92881
92881
92881
16806
16806
16806
17218
17218
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Hygrotus
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hypera
Hyphantria
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Species
versicolor
versicolor
versicolor
versicolor
versicolor
postica
postica
postica
postica
postica
postica
postica
postica
postica
postica
punctata
cunea
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Common Name
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Clover Leaf Weevil
Fall Webworm
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
DVRS
DVRS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
DVRS
DVRS
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
56
7
84
7
7
4
7
7
7
4
4
2
4
7
4
7
46
2
4
350
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
80
2
7
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.006
0.0009
0.0009
0.0009
0.0009
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.567
0.5
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.567
0.5
0.75
0.0012
6.29
32
0.044
0.006
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.00318
0.0002
0.001
0.0001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.006
32
0.0017
0.01
0.001
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
100
100
48
40
40
Ref#
17218
17218
17218
17254
96385
88109
88952
88952
88952
90677
79799
88130
88717
90636
79795
79772
91493
108492
16806
16806
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
4186
108486
107372
107372
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Ipomoea
Isotoma
Isotoma
Isotomurus
Keiferia
Keiferia
Keiferia
Keiferia
Keratella
Keratella
Keratella
Keratella
Keratella
Lacanobia
Lacanobia
Lasius
Lecane
Lecane
Lecane
Lens
Lens
Lepadella
Lepadella
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepomis
Lepthyphantes
Lepthyphantes
Leptinotarsa
Leptinotarsa
Leptinotarsa
Leptinotarsa
Linepithema
Lipaphis
Lipaphis
Lipaphis
Lipaphis
Species
batatas
anglicana
viridis
palustris
lycopersicella
lycopersicella
lycopersicella
lycopersicella
sp.
cochlearis
tropica
tropica
cochlearis
subjuncta
subjuncta
neoniger
sp.
bulla
luna
culinaris
culinaris
sp.
patella
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
macrochirus
encaeus
tenuis
decemlineata
decemlineata
decemlineata
decemlineata
humile
erysimi
erysimi
erysimi
erysimi
Common Name
Sweet potato
Collembola
Springtail
marsh springtail
Tomato pinworm
Tomato pinworm
Tomato pinworm
Tomato pinworm
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Speckled cutworm
moth
Speckled cutworm
moth
Ant
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Lentil
Lentil
Rotifer
Rotifer
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Bluegill
Spider
Dwarf Weaver Spider
Colorado potato beetle
Colorado potato beetle
Colorado potato beetle
Colorado potato beetle
Argentine ant
Turnip aphid
Turnip aphid
Turnip aphid
Turnip aphid
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
IC25
IC25
IC25
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1140
1140
1140
-63
-63
-63
-63
350
29
42
42
130
NA
28
350
14
52
75
75
350
14
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-84
1470
1470
40
40
40
50
7
7
1
5
3
Dur Unit
Preferred
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1.1125
0.674215
0.674215
0.674215
1
1
1
1
32
0.0002
0.001
0.001
0.000564
1682.1
1682.1
1
32
0.000018
TO
0.000053
0.000215
0.6408
0.6408
32
0.000035
TO 0.00047
0.0016
0.00176
0.000632
0.0001236
0.674215
0.674215
1
1
1
1
237.1
0.05
0.04
0.5
0.0375
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0017
Just
RangeO.
00035
TO
0.00492
0.00041
Cone Units
Preferred
Ib/acre
L/ha
L/ha
L/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
Al Ib/acre
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
L/ha
L/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al mg/m2
%
%
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
% Purity
100
44.65
44.65
44.65
100
100
100
100
100
48
40
40
48
100
100
100
100
100
48
100
100
100
100
41.2
44.65
44.65
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
89011
108875
108875
108875
82733
82733
82733
82733
16806
108486
108318
108318
108321
82540
82540
110933
16806
101436
108321
90694
90694
16806
101436
18134
18134
18134
62037
108875
108875
79785
79785
79785
108974
99750
89234
75046
73094
73094
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Lipaphis
Listronotus
Listronotus
Listronotus
Listronotus
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Lolium
Longidorus
Lycopersicon
Lycopersicon
Species
erysimi
montanus
montanus
montanus
montanus
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
perenne
elongatus
esculentum
esculentum
Common Name
Turnip aphid
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Weevil
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Nematode
Tomato
Tomato
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
CNTL
BMAS
BMAS
Endpt!
NOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
1
1
7
5
7
-60
-300
-300
-270
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
29
27
31
21
42
308
308
308
308
308
308
317
317
317
317
321
321
321
321
321
321
321
321
328
328
328
328
328
328
328
328
150
NA
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.03
0.28
0.28
0.56
0.56
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
0.64224
4.5
0.5352
0.5352
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
%
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
48
48
48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
5
100
100
Ref#
92825
94973
94973
94973
94973
79049
79049
79049
79049
74580
74580
74580
74580
74580
74580
97168
97168
97168
97168
97168
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
97958
74582
82478
82478
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Lygus
Lygus
Macrocyclops
Macrosteles
Manduca
Manduca
Maruca
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Medicago
Melanotus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Mesomorphus
Microcystis
Microcystis
Moina
Moina
Moina
Monocephalus
Monoraphidium
Monostyla
Mus
Mus
Mus
Musculium
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Species
rugulipennis
rugulipennis
sp.
quadripuncatus
sexta
sexta
vitrata
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
depressus
sp
sp
sp
sp
villiger
villiger
sp
sp.
sp.
micrura
micrura
micrura
fuscipes
arcuatum
sp.
musculus
musculus
musculus
secuns
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
Common Name
European Tarnished
Plant Bug
European Tarnished
Plant Bug
Copepod
Leafhopper
Hawk Moth
Hawk Moth
Bean pod borer
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Wireworm
False Wireworm
False Wireworm
False Wireworm
False Wireworm
Tobacco Ground
Beetle
Tobacco Ground
Beetle
False Wireworm
Blue-green algae
Blue-green algae
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Spider
Algae
Rotifer
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Pond Fingernailclam
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
BMAS
ABND
CNTL
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CHLO
ABND
SEXR
SEXR
SEXR
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
NOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
IC10
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
3
3
350
7
-105
-45
1
24
35
NA
NA
NA
-60
28
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
21
35
4
18
7
1470
>2.777777
77777778E
02
4
7
5
5
350
7
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
329
357
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1000
1000
32
0.025
4
2
0.05
0.5
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
1.2
1.44
0.96
0.96
0.96
1
0.3
1.44
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.0001
0.674215
0.18544(0.1
6592 TO
0.22448)
6.29
80
6
32
0.0001
0.0009
0.006
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.044
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.001
32
Cone Units
Preferred
L/ha
L/ha
ug/L
%
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
%
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al oz/1000
ft
cm3/dm3
cm3/dm3
cm3/dm3
cm3/dm3
L/ha
kg/ha
cm3/dm3
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
L/ha
mg/L
ug/L
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
4
100
100
100
100
15
48
48
48
48
100
1.5
48
40
40
40
40
40
44.65
97.6
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
80219
80219
16806
93250
88787
88779
92342
88109
79773
88952
88952
88952
73094
88098
74106
74106
74106
74106
93062
93062
74106
108318
108318
108318
108318
107372
108875
80943
16806
92495
101892
101892
16806
17254
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mystacides
Mytilina
Mytilina
Myzus
Myzus
Myzus
Nabis
Nanocladius
Navicula
Navicula
Nephelopsis
Nicotiana
Nicotiana
Nicotiana
Nicotiana
Nicotiana
Nilaparvata
Nitzschia
Nitzschia
Nitzschia
Notholca
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
persicae
persicae
nicotianae
sp.
sp.
minima
pelliculosa
obscura
tabacum
tabacum
tabacum
sp.
sp.
lugens
closterium
palea
palea
sp.
Coenagrionidae
Cicadellidae
Cicadellidae
Cicadellidae
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Fungi
Aphididae
Fungi
Ascomycota
Hymenoptera
Coleoptera
Common Name
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Long-horn caddisfly
Rotifer
Rotifer
Green peach aphid
Green peach aphid
Tobacco Aphid
Damsel Bug
Midge
Diatom
Diatom
Leech
Tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco
tobacco
tobacco
Brown Planthopper
Diatom
Diatom
Diatom
Rotifer
Damselfly family
Leafhopper family
Leafhopper family
Leafhopper family
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Fungi Kingdom
Aphid family
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi phylum
Bee order
Beetle order
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
PORT
PORT
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
CHLO
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
IC50
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
EC50
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
56
7
84
7
0.7
350
350
-90
-120
70
14
3 TO 80
7
7
350
-60
NA
77
> 1.388888
88888889E
02
35
35
16
7
65
40
75
30
30
-120
-120
-150
-150
2
3
7
7
7
7
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.044
0.0009
0.006
0.0009
0.0009
32
32
4
2
2
1.12
0.00005 TO
0.00318
0.041
0.041
32
4
2
2
1
0.2676
0.05
0.037088(0.
030256 TO
0.042944)
0.001
0.001
0.51
0.0005
500
500
500
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.34
0.34
0.34
5
0.5
20
9.4
225
225
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.006
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
L/ha
Ib/acre
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ppm
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
41
41
100
100
100
100
100
1.5
100
97.6
40
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
>=94
100
100
>=94
96
96
Ref#
17218
17218
17218
17254
96385
16806
16806
88787
88779
107447
63402
4186
2704
2704
16806
88787
88779
104170
93062
93062
94530
80943
108318
108318
16806
17254
82552
82552
82552
82539
82539
82539
82539
82539
82539
54977
89372
54976
54971
81907
81907
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Chironomidae
Branchiopoda
Maxillopoda
Cyclopoida
Cladocera
Copepoda
Cladocera
Copepoda
Cladocera
Copepoda
Cladocera
Copepoda
Cladocera
Cladocera
Cladocera
Insecta
Aphididae
Formicidae
Ephemeroptera
Poaceae
Plantae
Aphididae
Araneae
Insecta
Cecidomyiidae
Insecta
Cecidomyiidae
Curculionidae
Dermaptera
Coleoptera
Insecta
Coleoptera
Arthropoda
Arthropoda
Arthropoda
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Arachnida
Noctuidae
Formicidae
Scarabaeidae
Scarabaeidae
Formicidae
Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Noctuidae
Isotomidae
Pseudococcidae
Common Name
Midge family
NR
Crustacean class
Copepod order
Water flea order
NR
Water flea order
NR
Water flea order
NR
Water flea order
NR
Water flea order
Water flea order
Water flea order
Insect class
Aphid family
Ant family
Mayfly order
Grass family
Plant kingdom
Aphid family
Araneoid spider order
Insect class
gall midges
Insect class
gall midges
NR
Earwig order
Beetle order
Insect class
Beetle order
Arthropod phylum
Arthropod phylum
Arthropod phylum
Arthropod phylum
Spider/mite class
Spider/mite class
Moth family
Ant family
Scarab beetle family
Scarab beetle family
Ant family
Moth and butterfly
order
Beetle order
Moth family
Colleopterid
Mealybug family
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
ABND
ABND
ABND
DVRS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
90
<=7
42
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
7
7
7
-14
3
>=14
<=~84
1095
730
7
77
15
30
30
30
113
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
7
60
1
25
52
7
1140
56
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.005
10
10
10
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.035
0.035
0.035
28.03
0.5
4.48
0.00001236
0.9
0.9
0.5
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
5991.3
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1
2
4
4
1.5
0.75
4
0.75
0.674215
226.8
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/ha
Al Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
mg/L
g/eu
g/eu
Al Ib/acre
%
%
%
%
%
ppm
L/ha
L/ha
L/ha
L/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
oz/1000ft2
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
L/ha
Alg/100gal
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
100
100
41.2
5
5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
2.3
100
100
100
100
44.65
50
Ref#
54793
60811
60811
60811
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
68345
68345
68345
6310
73094
71484
62037
73212
73212
89090
94530
105686
105686
105686
105686
73554
108750
108750
108750
108750
63402
63402
63402
63402
63402
63402
110034
110929
88693
88695
108993
92317
88770
92318
108875
111695
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Phytoseiidae
Orthocladinae
Chironominae
Chironomidae
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Nemata
Copepoda
Animalia
Chironomidae
Cladocera
Cladocera
Cladocera
Cladocera
Animalia
Animalia
Cladocera
Copepoda
Copepoda
Cladocera
Common Name
Mite family
Midge subfamily
(Family:
Chironomidae)
Diptera subfamily
(Family:
Chironomidae)
Midge family
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Nematode phylum
NR
Animal kingdom
Midge family
Water flea order
Water flea order
Water flea order
Water flea order
Animal kingdom
Animal kingdom
Water flea order
NR
NR
Water flea order
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
DVRS
DVRS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
118
4
4
4
112
133
14
154
154
28
42
56
7
70
91
133
154
182
70
112
133
154
56
70
91
14
7
112
70
91
3 TO 80
7
90
90
30
30
30
30
4
18
4
4
4
18
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1500
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.005
0.00005 TO
0.00318
0.0001
0.005
0.005
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
L/ha
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
40
40
40
40
40
Ref#
64233
16806
16806
16806
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4186
96385
54793
54793
67672
67672
67672
67672
108318
108318
108318
108318
108318
108318
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Cicadellidae
Cicadellidae
Cicadellidae
Insecta
Poaceae
Poaceae
Fungi
Fungi
Haplotaxida
Diptera
Hemiptera
Araneae
Fungi
Fungi
Fungi
Fungi
Cyclopidae
Rotifera
Protozoa
Planariidae
Pisidiidae
Hydracarina
Oligochaeta
Planariidae
Planariidae
Umbridae
Gasterosteidae
Haplotaxida
Haplotaxida
Haplotaxida
Thysanoptera
Rotifera
Plantae
Rotifera
Rotifera
Rotifera
Rotifera
Common Name
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Moth and butterfly
order
Leafhopper family
Leafhopper family
Leafhopper family
Insect class
Grass family
Grass family
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Earthworm order
Fly/mosquito/midge
order
Waterbug order
Araneoid spider order
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Cyclopod Family
Rotifer phylum
Protozoan phylum
Planarian Family
Bivalve family
Water mite family
Annelid worm class
Planarian Family
Planarian Family
Mudminnow family
Stickleback family
Earthworm order
Earthworm order
Earthworm order
Thrip order
Rotifer phylum
Plant kingdom
Rotifer phylum
Rotifer phylum
Rotifer phylum
Rotifer phylum
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
DVRS
Endpt!
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
30.44
30.44
-121.76
-121.76
-152.2
-152.2
65
40
75
65
240
240
35
35
13
7
7
7
21
7
21
21
16
350
4
350
350
350
350
350
350
64
64
-210
-210
-240
3
7
7
30
30
30
30
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.34
0.34
0.34
500
500
500
500
0.892
0.7136
20
20
4
225
225
225
200
300
10
10
6.29
32
6.29
6.29
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.05
10
10
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
250
32
32
32
Cone Units
Preferred
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
AI g/ha
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
AI Ib/acre
AI g/ha
AI g/ha
AI g/ha
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
AI kg/ha
AI kg/ha
AI kg/ha
AI Ib/acre
ug/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
20
40
100
100
10
96
96
96
99
100
99
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
82539
82539
82539
82539
82539
82539
82552
82552
82552
82552
91626
91626
54976
54976
38599
81907
81907
81907
63447
71100
69689
69689
16806
16806
16806
16806
16806
16806
16806
16806
16806
16806
16806
79049
79049
79049
88776
60811
60811
67672
67672
67672
67672
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Corixidae
Insecta
Insecta
Oligochaeta
Fungi
Fungi
Lumbricidae
Arthropleona
Lumbricidae
Oribatida
Crustacea
Copepoda
Cladocera
Arthropoda
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Chironomidae
Chironominae
Podonominae
Orthocladinae
Tanypodinae
Insecta
Animalia
Fungi
Fungi
Plantae
Plantae
Poaceae
Fungi
Fungi
Hymenoptera
Pyrrophycophyta
Annelida
Annelida
Annelida
Common Name
Water boatman family
Insect class
Insect class
Annelid worm class
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Oligochaete family
Collembola suborder
Oligochaete family
Oribatid mite suborder
Crustacean subphylum
NR
Water flea order
Arthropod phylum
Fly/mosquito/midge
order
Biting midge family
Midge family
Diptera subfamily
(Family:
Chironomidae)
Midge Subfamily
(Chironomidae Family)
Midge subfamily
(Family:
Chironomidae)
Midge Subfamily
Insect class
Animal kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Plant kingdom
Plant kingdom
Grass family
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Bee order
Dinoflagellate algae
division
Segmented worm
phylum
Segmented worm
phylum
Segmented worm
phylum
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
DVRS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
DVRS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
PSYN
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
-42
-42
-42
364
30
60
7
<=21
29
<=21
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
14 TO 28
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
<=~84
2
7
1460
1460
1460
7
7
14
4
93
82
101
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
28.03
28.03
28.03
2.24
8.92
8.92
4.48
4.48
4.48
4.48
0.0000412
0.0000412
0.0000412
0.0000412
0.0000412
0.0001236
0.0000412
0.0000412
0.000412
0.0001236
0.0000412
0.0000412
0.0000412
4.7
9.4
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.5
5
0.1
0.001
0.72
0.72
0.72
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.00012
0.00012
0.00012
0.00012
0.00012
0.00041
0.00012
0.00012
0.00124
0.00041
0.00012
0.00012
0.00012
9.4
5
0.01
Cone Units
Preferred
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Al kg/ha
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
g/eu
g/eu
g/eu
ppm
ppm
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
% Purity
1
1
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
>=94
>=94
5
5
5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
6310
6310
6310
35492
53284
53284
71484
71484
71484
71484
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
62037
93645
93646
73212
73212
73212
99642
99642
88271
100575
97168
97168
97168
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Annelida
Annelida
Lygaeidae
Tortricidae
Cecidomyiidae
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Insecta
Oligochaeta
Arachnida
Arthropoda
Lepidoptera
Arthropoda
Scarabaeidae
Formicidae
Linyphiidae
Phytoseiidae
Tanypodinae
Insecta
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Gastropoda
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Hirudinea
Naididae
Naididae
Common Name
Segmented worm
phylum
Segmented worm
phylum
Chinch bug family
leaf rollers
gall midges
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Insect class
Annelid worm class
Spider/mite class
Arthropod phylum
Moth and butterfly
order
Arthropod phylum
Scarab beetle family
Ant family
Sheet-web weaver
family
Mite family
Midge Subfamily
Insect class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Snails/limpets class
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Leech subclass
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
84
98
53
53
50
40
30
30
30
40
21
7
7
7
14
14
42
1470
118
4
133
112
133
14
154
182
42
56
7
70
91
14
182
42
7
112
133
154
182
28
42
56
70
91
14
112
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.72
0.72
1.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.02
0.02
0.22
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.12
3
1
0.674215
3000
0.51
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.005
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.005
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
Cone
Value2
Preferred
6.29
Cone Units
Preferred
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
%
%
AI kg/ha
L/ha
L/ha
L/ha
ai kg/ha
oz/1000ft2
AI Ib/acre
L/ha
L/ha
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
44.65
100
100
Ref#
97168
97168
98018
98018
105686
105686
105686
105686
105686
105686
5133
108750
108750
108750
63402
106253
108994
108875
64233
16806
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Naididae
Naididae
Naididae
Naididae
Naididae
Naididae
Naididae
Naididae
Naididae
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Turbellaria
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Common Name
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Oligochaete family
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
Flatworm class
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
133
154
182
28
42
56
7
70
91
112
133
14
154
182
28
42
56
7
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
0.7
133
14
28
329
357
385
56
7
84
0.7
105
133
14
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.005
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.0009
0.0001
0.044
0.0009
0.044
0.0009
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.0009
0.044
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
Ref#
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
4330
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ostracoda
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Common Name
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Biting midge family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Damselfly family
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
168
28
329
357
385
56
7
84
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
357
56
7
84
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.044
0.006
0.0001
0.044
0.044
0.0009
0.0009
0.006
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.0001
0.044
0.006
0.0009
0.006
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
0.044
0.006
0.044
0.044
0.0001
0.0001
0.044
0.006
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.0009
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
Ref#
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Species
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Copepoda
Copepoda
Ostracoda
Ceratopogonidae
Coenagrionidae
Crustacea
Oligochaeta
Ostracoda
Copepoda
Coenagrionidae
Ceratopogonidae
Plantae
Copepoda
Rotifera
Rotifera
Copepoda
Copepoda
Rotifera
Copepoda
Rotifera
Cladocera
Copepoda
Cyclopoida
Cyclopoida
Rotifera
Conchostraca
Ostracoda
Cladocera
Copepoda
Copepoda
Calanoida
Cyclopoida
Corixidae
Corixidae
Rotifera
Turbellaria
Hirudinea
Mollusca
Common Name
Annelid worm class
Annelid worm class
NR
NR
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Biting midge family
Damselfly family
Crustacean subphylum
Annelid worm class
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
NR
Damselfly family
Biting midge family
Plant kingdom
NR
Rotifer phylum
Rotifer phylum
NR
NR
Rotifer phylum
NR
Rotifer phylum
Water flea order
NR
Copepod order
Copepod order
Rotifer phylum
Clam shrimp order
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Water flea order
NR
NR
Copepod order
Copepod order
Water boatman family
Water boatman family
Rotifer phylum
Flatworm class
Leech subclass
Mollusk phylum
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
7
84
7
7
7
7
7
14
28
0.7
0.7
7
7
90
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
2
2
15
2
15
14
7
7
7
7
56
35
28
28
7
7
14
42
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.044
0.044
0.0001
0.0009
0.0009
0.0009
0.006
1E-11
0.0009
0.006
0.0001
0.006
0.0009
0.02
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.01
0.001
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.01
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Just
RangeO.
000018
TO
0.000053
0.006
0.044
0.0009
0.044
0.006
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.0017
0.001
0.1
0.01
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.1
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
48
48
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
Ref#
17218
17218
17254
17254
17254
17254
17254
101436
96385
96385
96385
96385
96385
54793
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
67672
108486
108486
108486
108486
108486
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
107372
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oecetis
Oedothorax
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus
Oocystis
Oocystis
Orchidophilus
Orius
Orius
Orseolia
Orthosia
Orthotrichia
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Species
Physidae
Planorbidae
Planorbidae
Rotifera
Copepoda
Ostracoda
Rotifera
Copepoda
Copepoda
Copepoda
Ostracoda
Copepoda
Calanoida
Cyclopoida
Cyclopoida
Cladocera
Rotifera
Arthropoda
Insecta
sp.
retusus
mykiss
mykiss
mykiss
mykiss
mykiss
mykiss
borgei
borgei
aterrimus
sp.
sp.
oryzae
hibisci
sp.
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
Common Name
Pouch snail family
Orb snail family
Orb snail family
Rotifer phylum
NR
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
Rotifer phylum
NR
NR
NR
Ostracod/seed shrimp
subclass
NR
Copepod order
Copepod order
Copepod order
Water flea order
Rotifer phylum
Arthropod phylum
Insect class
Caddisfly
Spider
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout
Algae
Algae
Orchid Weevil
Minute Pirate Bug
Minute Pirate Bug
Asian rice gall midge
Speckled Green
Fruitworm
Caddisfly
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
IC25
LOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
14
14
70
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
130
10
38
66
3
94
17
40
350
1470
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
-91.32
7
35
240
1
14
-30
53
16
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.001
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000215
0.000215
0.000215
0.000215
0.000074
0.000074
0.000215
500
32
0.674215
0.000794
0.00132
0.000264
0.000271
0.000447
0.00088
0.001
0.001
60
0.75
1.12
1
1.5
0.51
0.892
0.445
0.445
0.05
0.02
0.02
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.01
0.1
0.1
0.00056
0.00056
0.00022
0.00056
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/ha
ug/L
L/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Alg/100L
L/ha
ai kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Ib/acre
ug/L
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
%
%
%
% Purity
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
20
100
44.65
40
40
100
100
100
20
50
100
20
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
107372
107372
107372
108318
108318
108318
108318
108318
108318
108318
108318
108321
108321
108321
108321
108321
108321
108321
82552
16806
108875
18134
18134
18134
18134
18134
18134
108318
108318
91617
108750
63402
74590
98018
16806
74590
82552
82552
94530
105686
105686
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Oryza
Oryzaephilus
Oscillatoria
Oscinella
Oscinella
Oscinella
Oscinella
Oscinella
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Ostrinia
Otiorhynchus
Otiorhynchus
Otiorhynchus
Otiorhynchus
Otiorhynchus
Otiorhynchus
Pachygnatha
Palpomyia
Panicum
Panonychus
Panonychus
Panonychus
Panonychus
Pardosa
Pardosa
Paristoma
Species
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
saliva
surinamensis
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
nubilalis
sulcatus
sulcatus
sulcatus
sulcatus
sulcatus
sulcatus
degeeri
sp.
virgatum
ulmi
ulmi
ulmi
ulmi
palustris
pullata
notabilis
Common Name
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Flat bark beetle
Blue-green algae
Frit Fly
Frit Fly
Frit Fly
Frit Fly
Frit Fly
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
European corn borer
Black Vine Weevil
Black Vine Weevil
Black Vine Weevil
Black Vine Weevil
Black Vine Weevil
Black Vine Weevil
Spider
Biting Midge
Switchgrass
European red mite
European red mite
European red mite
European red mite
Spider
Spider
Springtail
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
PORT
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
NA
NA
210
7
-60
-60
85
-150
84
20
15
15
18
30
30
32
32
30
30
52
52
20
33
1
6
52
52
30
180
180
240
240
240
1470
4
28
47
35
118
118
1470
1470
1140
Dur Unit
Preferred
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.446
0.446
0.02
0.02
0.445
0.445
3
0.041
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.72
1.12
1.12
1.12
0.75
0.56
1.12
1.12
1.12
0.75
1
0.75
0.75
1
1
1.12
1.2
1.2
1
1
1
12.5
227
227
110
28
5.4
0.674215
0.51
1 .9624
500
960
1500
3000
0.674215
0.674215
0.674215
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
%
%
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ppm
mg/L
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
ai kg/ha
Al kg/ha
ai kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
oz/1000ft
oz/1000ft
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al g/m2
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
L/ha
ug/L
Ib/acre
L/ha
Al g/ha
L/ha
L/ha
L/ha
L/ha
L/ha
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
41
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
7.5
15
100
100
100
15
100
100
100
100
100
15
15
100
100
100
100
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
44.65
100
100
100
100
50
100
44.65
44.65
44.65
Ref#
105686
105686
105686
105686
82552
82552
108874
2704
79049
79049
97168
79049
97168
108460
108460
108460
79278
79781
79781
79800
79800
88724
88724
88852
88852
82474
82474
108460
95500
95501
96146
82474
82474
63258
63258
63258
63258
63258
63258
108875
16806
111271
90375
90375
64233
64233
108875
108875
108875
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Pennisetia
Pennisetia
Pentalonia
Phaeodactylum
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Phaseolus
Pheidole
Pheretima
Phyllophaga
Physella
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pimephales
Pisum
Plathypena
Platyias
Pleuroxus
Ploesoma
Plutella
Plutella
Plutella
Podura
Polyarthra
Polyphagotarsone
mus
Polyphagotarsone
mus
Polyphagotarsone
mus
Species
marginata
marginata
nigronervosa
tricornutum
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
vulgaris
megacephala
sp.
crinita
sp.
promelas
promelas
promelas
sativum
scabra
sp.
sp.
sp.
xylostella
xylostella
xylostella
aquatica
sp.
latus
latus
latus
Common Name
Blackberry Clearwing
Borer
Blackberry Clearwing
Borer
Banana Aphid
Diatom
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bean
Bigheaded Ant
Earthworm
June Beetle
Gastropod
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Fathead minnow
Pea
Green Cloverworm
Rotifer
Water flea
Rotifer
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Diamondback moth
Springtail beetle
Rotifer
Broad mite
Broad mite
Broad mite
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
CHLO
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
IC50
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
240
49
42
>4.861111
11111111E
02
NA
NA
NA
NA
60
60
60
60
60
60
42
21
14
350
>=2
64
42
NA
3
350
4
350
25
6
6
350
16
-35
-35
-35
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1186
1186
226.8
0.12688(0.1
0736 TO
0.13664)
8
2.8
181.6
2.2
62
62
62
62
62
62
226.8
480000
4
32
32
32
10
0.000025
0.25
32
0.51
32
0.75
1.12
1.12
32
0.51
1
1
1
Cone
Value2
Preferred
6.29
Cone Units
Preferred
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
Alg/100gal
mg/L
oz/305 m
g/1.8kgsd
g/1 .8kg sd
g/1 .8kg sd
Al g/1 00 kg
sd
Al g/1 00 kg
sd
Al g/1 00 kg
sd
Al g/1 00 kg
sd
Al g/1 00 kg
sd
Al g/1 00 kg
sd
Al g/1 00 gal
ppm
Al Ib/acre
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
%
Al Ib/acre
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
Al Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ug/L
ug/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
% Purity
100
100
50
97.6
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
0.05
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
102797
102797
111695
80943
92307
92307
92309
92309
81364
81364
81364
81364
81364
81364
111695
62642
87897
16806
16806
16806
60811
89295
88856
16806
16806
16806
92317
99617
99617
16806
16806
82730
82730
82730
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Polyphagotarsone
mus
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Popillia
Procladius
Pseudaletia
Pseudaletia
Pseudaletia
Pseudaletia
Pseudaletia
Pseudokirchneriel
la
Pseudoplusia
Pseudoplusia
Pseudoplusia
Species
latus
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japonica
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japonica
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
japonica
japomca
japomca
japomca
japomca
paludicola
unipuncta
unipuncta
unipuncta
unipuncta
unipuncta
subcapitata
includens
includens
includens
Common Name
Broad mite
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Japanese beetle
Midge
Armyworm
Armyworm
Armyworm
Armyworm
Armyworm
Green algae
Soybean looper
Soybean looper
Soybean looper
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CHLO
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
IC10
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
-35
60
28
28
122
25
30
30
30
30
7
14
14
7
3 TO 80
0
4
1
1
>2. 083333
33333333E
02
2
2
2
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1
4
4
0.11
4.48
0.015
0.015
0.12
0.015
0.015
4
4
4
4
4
1200
1200
2400
2400
3600
7190
2400
2400
3600
7190
0.12
1198.26
1198.26
599.13
599.13
0.00005 TO
0.00318
0.5
1
0.5
1
0.5
5.7584
1
1
0.75
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
Al kg/ha
Al kg/1 00 L
Al kg/1 00 L
Al kg/1 00 L
Al kg/1 00 L
Al kg/1 00 L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Al kg/1 00 L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
% Purity
100
100
2.3
100
100
23.5
23.5
23.5
41.2
44.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
23.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97.6
100
100
100
Ref#
82730
88693
88695
107313
107313
109028
109028
109028
109028
109028
88828
88649
88649
88649
88649
109041
109041
109041
109041
109041
109041
109041
109041
109041
109041
109028
88864
88864
88864
88864
4186
88672
88862
88661
88853
88854
80943
96096
96095
96095
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Pseudoplusia
Pseudoplusia
Pterostichus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rhizopus
Rhopalosiphum
Rhyzopertha
Ricinus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Schizaphis
Sciothrips
Scirpophaga
Sclerotium
Sclerotium
Sclerotium
Sclerotium
Sialis
Sialis
Sialis
Sialis
Sialis
Sialis
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Species
includens
includens
melanarius
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
stolonifer
maidis
dominica
communis
quadricauda
subspicatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
bijugatus
quadricauda
quadricauda
graminum
cardamomi
incertulas
rolfsii
rolfsii
rolfsii
rolfsii
lutaria
lutaria
lutaria
lutaria
lutaria
lutaria
vetulus
sp.
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
Common Name
Soybean looper
Soybean looper
Ground beetle
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Fungi
Corn Leaf Aphid
Lesser grain borer
Castorbean
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Green algae
Greenbug
Cardamom Thrip
Rice Stem Borer
Filamentous fungi
Filamentous fungi
Filamentous fungi
Filamentous fungi
Alderfly
Alderfly
Alderfly
Alderfly
Alderfly
Alderfly
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
SEXR
SEXR
SEXR
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
CHLO
CHLO
PORT
PORT
PORT
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
IC10
IC10
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
3
2
10
16
-10
-10
1 TO 2
3
210
2
>2.777777
77777778E
02
>4.861111
11111111E
02
4
8
12
7
35
3
42
<=70
na
60
60
60
105
133
294
357
56
56
7
4
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.75
0.75
2.88
24.8
196
24.5
1
0.5
3
1.5
0.49776(0.3
31 84 TO
1 .464)
0.1464(0.13
664 TO
0.16592)
1
1
1
0.001
0.001
0.25
226.8
1
1 .99808
1 .99808
1 .99808
1 .99808
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0006
0.51
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.0009
0.044
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.006
Cone
Value2
Preferred
1
6
0.0009
Cone Units
Preferred
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al kg/ha
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
ppm
Ib/acre
ppm
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Alg/100gal
Al kg/ha
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
99.2
>=98
>=98
100
100
100
100
97.6
97.6
100
100
100
40
40
100
50
20
100
15
15
15
100
100
Ref#
92318
91336
62744
92585
101286
101286
67232
88750
108874
91434
80943
80943
72751
72751
72751
108318
108318
88750
111695
74590
70701
70700
70700
70700
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
96385
17254
16806
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Simocephalus
Sitona
Sitona
Skeletonema
Skeletonema
Solanum
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum
Sphaeridia
Sphenophorus
Sphenophorus
Sphenophorus
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Species
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
vetulus
crinitus
crinitus
costatum
costatum
tuberosum
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
invicta
sp.
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
bicolor
sp.
pumilis
callosus
callosus
callosus
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
eridania
eridania
eridania
eridania
eridania
eridania
sp
sp
litura
litura
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Sitonid Weevil
Sitonid Weevil
Diatom
Diatom
Potato
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Sorghum
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Broomcorn
Sorghum
Springtail beetle
Corn Billbug
Corn Billbug
Corn Billbug
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Army worm
Army worm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
GPOP
NCHG
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
EC50
EC50
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
7
84
7
14
0.7
75
75
3
2
14
14
14
14
7
2
NA
110
28
110
110
1140
21
14
14
5
5
7
11
3
-35
-35
-35
51
51
51
51
14
14
na
na
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.0009
0.044
0.0009
1E-11
0.0009
720
720
0.64
1.2
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
4
1
0.2225
0.5
0.5
0.5
4
0.49952
0.674215
0.2
0.2
0.2
720
720
720
720
720
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.6
0.6
500
500
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Just
RangeO.
000018
TO
0.000053
0.006
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/ha
Al g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
oz/cwt sd
qt/acre
ml/eu
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
oz/cwt sd
Ib/acre
L/ha
Al kg/1000
m
Al kg/1000
m
Al kg/1000
m
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
kg/ha
kg/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
% Purity
100
100
100
100
50
15
4
4
50
100
44.4
100
15
4
4
50
100
44.65
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
17218
17218
17254
101436
96385
90694
90694
13180
11070
79785
101148
101148
101148
101148
101399
78182
92941
101148
101148
101148
101148
108490
108875
39684
39684
39684
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82730
82730
82730
82733
82733
82733
82733
82478
82478
91430
91430
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Species
exigua
exigua
litura
litura
litura
litura
litura
exigua
exigua
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
exigua
frugiperda
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
sp
sp
exigua
eridania
eridania
eridania
eridania
eridania
eridania
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
eridania
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
frugiperda
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
Common Name
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Common cutworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Fall armyworm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Army worm
Army worm
Beet army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Southern army worm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Southern army worm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Fall armyworm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet army worm
Beet Armyworm
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
Endpt2
Dur
Preferred
2
42
2
2
2
7
7
2
2
2
49
49
29
29
3
5
5
5
7
11
3
14
14
-35
-35
-35
51
51
51
51
11
11
7
3
16
11
7
5
16
14
14
42
18
1
49
6
16
14
14
11
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1
1
0.4
0.0052
0.0052
225
225
1
0.75
0.5
0.56
0.28
0.5
0.5
0.75
500
720
720
720
720
720
0.6
0.6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
0.6
0.6
1
1
1
0.56
1
720
0.6
0.6
720
Cone
Value2
Preferred
Cone Units
Preferred
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
L
%
%
L/ha
L/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
cm3/0.7 ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
Al Ib/acre
ai g/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
ai g/ha
% Purity
100
50
20
20
20
20
20
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
96096
99404
92884
92886
92886
92886
92886
96095
96095
88849
108490
108490
88712
88712
92318
63962
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82478
82478
82730
82730
82730
82733
82733
82733
82733
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82478
82478
99404
79278
88710
108490
96146
82470
82478
82478
82470
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Spodoptera
Streblocerus
Streblocerus
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Stylaria
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Species
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
exigua
pygmaeus
pygmaeus
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
lacustris
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
Common Name
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Cladoceran
Cladoceran
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Oligochaete
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
CNTL
Endpt!
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
7
3
1
11
7
3
1
16
5
3
1
16
7
5
3
1
5
1
1
42
42
0.7
105
133
14
168
28
294
329
357
385
56
7
84
28
-60
-30
-15
-240
-60
454
330
330
300
110
78
110
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
gs
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
720
0.001
0.001
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.044
0.0009
0.044
0.044
0.0009
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.36
900
900
1800
1800
1800
1800
9.8
9.8
9.8
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.006
Cone Units
Preferred
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
ai g/ha
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
Alg/10L
Alg/10L
Alg/10L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ref#
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
82470
108318
108318
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
17218
96385
82539
82539
82539
82539
82539
92914
92914
92914
92914
92914
92914
92914
105191
105191
105191
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Synanthedon
Talaromyces
Tanytarsini
Testudinella
Tetranychus
Tilapia
Tiso
Tribolium
Trichocerca
Trichocerca
Trichocerca
Trichocerca
Trichoderma
Trichoderma
Trichoplusia
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Trochosa
Typhlocyba
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus
Urocystis
Vigna
Volvox
Walckenaeria
Wiseana
Wiseana
Wiseana
Wiseana
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Species
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
scitula
flavus
Chironomini
sp.
urticae
mossambica
vagans
castaneum
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
reesei
viride
ni
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
ruricola
pomaria
pyn
pyri
cepulae
mungo
aureus
vigilax
sp
sp
sp
sp
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
Common Name
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Dogwood borer
Fungi
Midge tribe
Rotifer
Two-spotted spider
mite
Mozambique tilapia
Spider
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Fungi
Fungi
Cabbage looper
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Spider
NR
Predatory mite
Predatory mite
Onion Smut
Black gram
Green algae
Spider
Ghost Moth
Ghost Moth
Ghost Moth
Ghost Moth
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
Meas
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
ABND
ABND
CNTL
CNTL
CNTL
CNTL
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
PBMS
PBMS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
Endpt!
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
-60.88
-30.44
-15.22
-243.52
-60.88
10
4
350
7
90
1470
210
350
14
42
42
2
2
25
na
NA
1470
28
47
35
34
na
14
1470
35
30
30
35
NA
33
33
33
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
gs
gs
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
hv
d
d
d
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
gs
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.36
9.8
9.8
37
0.51
32
750
0.005
0.674215
3
32
0.000035
TO 0.00047
0.001
0.001
1
25
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.674215
1.5
500
960
4.2816
0.05
0.035
0.674215
1
1
0.8
0.8
34
0.11
0.11
0.11
1253.256
1253.256
0.11
34
34
1.3
Cone
Value2
Preferred
43
31
Cone Units
Preferred
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
ai kg/379 I
Alg/10L
Alg/10L
ppm
ug/L
ug/L
ppm
mg/L
L/ha
ppm
ug/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
AI Ib/acre
L/ha
Ib/acre
L/ha
AI g/ha
Ib/acre
%
mg/L
L/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
AI g/305 m
AI g/m
AI g/m
AI g/m
ppm
ppm
AI g/m
AI g/305 m
AI g/305 m
AI Ib/acre
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
44.65
100
100
100
40
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
44.65
50
100
100
100
100
100
44.65
20
20
40
40
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
100
Ref#
82539
82539
82539
82539
82539
105191
105191
67232
16806
16806
97445
54793
108875
108874
16806
101436
108318
108318
67232
67232
92317
91045
91914
89090
99569
108875
98018
90375
90375
97443
92342
68345
108875
91626
91626
91626
91626
74698
99110
99110
99110
79783
79783
62641
74698
74698
88063
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
oxon
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zea
Zygogramma
Zygogramma
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
Agaricus
Agistemus
Agrostis
Agrostis
Agrostis
Aleochara
Americamysis
Amphiascus
Amphiascus
Aphytis
Aporrectodea
Aporrectodea
Species
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
mays
exclamationis
exclamationis
millepora
millepora
millepora
millepora
bisporus
sp.
stolonifera
stolonifera
capillaris
bilineata
bahia
tenuiremis
tenuiremis
melinus
caliginosa
caliginosa
Common Name
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Corn
Sunflower Beetle
Sunflower Beetle
Coral
Coral
Coral
Coral
Champignon
mushroom
Mite
Creeping bentgrass
Creeping bentgrass
Colonial bentgrass
Rove beetle
Opossum shrimp
Harpacticoid copepod
Harpacticoid copepod
Red Scale Parasite
Worm
Worm
Effect
Group
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Meas
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
ABND
BMAS
BMAS
BMAS
ABND
ABND
FERZ
FERZ
FERZ
FERZ
PROG
PROG
GERM
GERM
GERM
PROG
GREP
RSUC
RSUC
PROG
PROG
PROG
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
EC50
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
MATC
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
Dur
Preferred
-165
na
na
na
33
52
33
33
33
7
152
62
28
37
1
1
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
21
3
28
28
NA
5
28
16
16
1
84
28
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
hv
d
d
hv
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
dpe
d
d
hv
hv
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gm
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
1.3
0.11
0.11
0.11
12.934
12.934
12.934
1
1
0.99904
0.99904
0.99904
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
1
1
1.2
500
1.2
1.2
0.4
0.25
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
10
4.68
0.0064
0.0064
0.8922
0.063
0.000002
TO
0.000004
0.001
0.001
0.126
4
4
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.03
0.03
28
28
Cone Units
Preferred
Al Ib/acre
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al g/m
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
Al oz/1000
ft
cm3/0.7 ha
Al oz/1000
ft
Al oz/1000
ft
Al Ib/acre
Al Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
I/ha
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Ib/acre
Al %
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
% Purity
100
15
15
15
100
100
100
15
15
100
100
100
15
15
15
15
15
100
15
100
15
15
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
100
5
5
100
100
98
98
100
40
40
Ref#
88063
93417
93417
93417
69008
69008
69008
97877
97877
108460
108460
108460
99110
99110
99110
99110
102135
110034
88098
63962
102134
102134
88705
88659
100575
100575
100575
100575
87134
78988
74876
74876
75347
63489
3750
87778
87778
93319
63359
63359
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Aporrectodea
Asynonychus
Asynonychus
Asynonychus
Asynonychus
Beauveria
Biomphalaria
Biomphalaria
Bos
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brachionus
Brassica
Brassica
Bromus
Caenorhabditis
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Ceriodaphnia
Cirsium
Colinus
Colinus
Conyza
Conyza
Cryptolaemus
Species
caliginosa
cervmus
cervmus
cervmus
cervmus
bassiana
alexandrina
alexandrina
taurus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
calyciflorus
rapa
juncea
sterilis
elegans
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
dubia
vulgare
virgmianus
virgmianus
canadensis
canadensis
montrouzieri
Common Name
Worm
Fuller's Rose Weevil
Fuller's Rose Weevil
Fuller's Rose Weevil
Fuller's Rose Weevil
Fungus
Snail
Snail
Domesticated cattle
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Rotifer
Toria
Brown mustard
poverty brome
Nematode
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Bull thistle
northern bobwhite
northern bobwhite
Butterweed
Butterweed
Mealybug destroyer
Effect
Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Meas
VIAB
CLPD
CLPD
CLPD
CLPD
GERM
FCND
FCND
FERT
GREP
GREP
GREP
GREP
GREP
GREP
GREP
GREP
FERZ
GREP
GERM
GERM
GERM
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
NRPR
NRPR
PROG
GERM
EGPN
EGPN
GERM
GERM
PROG
Endpt!
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
EC50
LOEC
LOEC
LOEC
MATC
MATC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOAEL
NOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
28
365
365
365
365
1
56
56
-120
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
6
7
NA
1
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
32
32
>10
NA
30
30
28
28
127.3
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gm
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gm
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
4
10
5
1
1
96
0.06
0.06
6.912
0.36
0.3
0.4
0.33
0.24
0.35
0.2
0.3
0.01
0.23
0.3
50
0.8922
0.1
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.00006
0.000045
0.000045
0.000045
0.000045
0.000025
0.000045
0.000025
0.00001482
0.8922
6.7
3.4
0.0064
0.0064
0.05
Cone
Value2
Preferred
28
10
480
0.12
0.00006
4.5E-05
1.7E-05
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
Al %
Al %
Al %
Al %
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
cm3
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
%AI
ml/kg sd
Ib/acre
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ib/acre
ai kg/ha
ai kg/ha
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
%
% Purity
40
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
43.2
100
100
100
100
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
>98
24.7
100
100
100
5
5
100
Ref#
63359
70007
70007
70007
70007
99183
62154
62154
67859
3963
14212
14212
3963
14212
14212
14212
14212
60076
3963
53779
106077
75347
109042
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
65825
60979
60979
101293
75347
78023
78023
74876
74876
111212
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Cryptolestes
Cryptolestes
Culex
Culex
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Species
ferrugineus
ferrugineus
quinquefasciatus
quinquefasciatus
magna
magna
magna
magna
carinata
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
carinata
magna
magna
magna
Common Name
Rusty Grain Beetle
Rusty Grain Beetle
Southern house
mosquito
Southern house
mosquito
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Effect
Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Meas
PROG
PROG
FERZ
FCND
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
PROG
PROG
PROG
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
TPRD
PROG
GREP
GREP
GREP
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
LOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
Endpt2
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
56
4.5
0.25
0.5
1.25
21
7
7
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
0.5
36
2.5
3.5
4.25
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
2.75
21
21
21
21
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
em
ma
ma
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
3
5
0.000016
0.000016
0.00035 TO
0.00038
0.00069
0.00069 TO
0.00075
0.00067 TO
0.00069
0.000005
0.00035 TO
0.00038
0.00069 TO
0.00075
0.0002495
0.000499
0.000499
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.0002495
0.000499
0.000499
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00043
0.00068 TO
0.00069
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035 TO
0.00038
0.00072 TO
0.0008
0.0000249
0.000032
0.0001
0.0001
Cone
Value2
Preferred
5E-05
Cone Units
Preferred
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.6
100
100
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.6
Ref#
108874
111787
103416
103416
61962
61962
61962
61962
107384
61962
61962
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
52531
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
107384
13342
13342
16353
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Daphnia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Eisenia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Folsomia
Galium
Callus
Glomus
Helianthus
Helianthus
Heteropneustes
Holcus
Hyalella
Medicago
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Mus
Species
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
magna
fetida
fetida
fetida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
Candida
saxatile
domesticus
sp.
annuus
annuus
fossilis
lanatus
azteca
lupulina
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
musculus
Common Name
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Water flea
Earthworm
Earthworm
Earthworm
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Springtail
Heath Bedstraw
Domestic Chicken
Mycorrhizae fungi
Common annual
sunflower
Common annual
sunflower
Indian catfish
Velvetgrass
Scud
Black medic
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
House mouse
Effect
Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Meas
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
GREP
PROG
PROG
PROG
VIAB
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
GMET
PROG
GERM
BDEP
SPRD
GERM
GERM
MOTL
GERM
PROG
GERM
PREG
PREG
RSEM
PROG
GSTT
PROG
PROG
Endpt!
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
NOEC
LOEC
NOEC
NOEC
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
NOAEL
NOEC
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOEC
LOEC
LOAEL
LOEC
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
56
28
56
35
35
35
28
120
28
NA
364
na
>=15
>=15
40
NA
49
NA
12
12
7
3
21
5
5
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gm
d
hv
d
d
d
gm
d
gm
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00043
0.00069
0.00067 TO
0.00069
0.00068 TO
0.00069
0.00035
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00035 TO
0.00037
0.00072 TO
0.0008
0.00035 TO
0.00038
5
5
5
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.094
2
0.065
0.8922
200
1.338
0.5
0.5
0.8922
0.24
0.8922
25
10
40
80
3
6
Cone
Value2
Preferred
20
20
4.31
0.26
80
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ug/g dry fd
ppm
Ib/acre
ppm
Ib/acre
%
%
mg/L
Ib/acre
nM
Ib/acre
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg
%AI
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
% Purity
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
100
99.2
100
100
100
100
100
3
100
100
Ref#
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
61962
111694
111694
111694
40227
40227
40227
73631
48438
73631
75347
38746
93320
75770
75770
108326
75347
72746
75347
93131
93131
92495
92496
49731
101892
101892
-------
Chemical Name
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
3,5,6-Trichloro-2
pyridinol
Chlorpyrifos
oxygen analog
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Oryctolagus
Oryzaephilus
Palaemonetes
Plantago
Plantago
Poa
Poa
Poecilia
Poecilia
Pomacentrus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rattus
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Rhyzopertha
Romanomermis
Schistosoma
Schistosoma
Schistosoma
Schistosoma
Schistosoma
Species
cuniculus
surinamensis
pugio
lanceolata
lanceolata
annua
annua
reticulata
reticulata
amboinensis
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
norvegicus
dominica
dominica
dominica
dominica
culicivorax
mansoni
mansoni
mansoni
mansoni
mansoni
Common Name
European rabbit
Flat bark beetle
Daggerblade grass
shrimp
narrowleaf plantain
narrowleaf plantain
annual bluegrass
annual bluegrass
Guppy
Guppy
Ambon Damselfish
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Norway rat
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Lesser grain borer
Parasitic Nematode
Trematode parasite
Trematode parasite
Trematode parasite
Trematode parasite
Trematode parasite
Effect
Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Meas
NCLU
PROG
FCND
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
RBEH
PROG
VIAB
PROG
SEXR
VAOP
DSTR
NCLU
NOIM
PROG
VIAB
PROG
PREG
FIDX
MOTL
SPCL
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
Endpt!
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOEL
LOEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
13
45
28
28
28
28
3
<=38
6
~9
-10
32
33
10
<=70
>=22
16
15
-273
30
30
56
28
58
76
69
69
21
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
em
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
ubi
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
em
em
d
d
d
d
d
d
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
250
10
0.00019309
0.0064
0.0064
0.0064
0.0064
0.00000196
0.00000196
0.25
196
24.5
1
1
150
1
0.099
0.998
14.88
14.49
4.83
7.5
7.5
3
10
5
10
0.03
0.24
0.06
0.06
0.12
0.24
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.5
10
4.99
24.8
12.5
12.5
0.24
Cone Units
Preferred
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
mg/L
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/kg
mg/kg/d
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
mg/kg bdwt
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% Purity
100
100
99.8
5
5
5
5
98
98
99.5
>=98
>=98
100
100
100
100
99
99.8
99.2
>96.6
>96.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
48
48
48
48
Ref#
86984
111787
72409
74876
74876
74876
74876
80955
80955
75183
101286
101286
69251
69251
86984
93127
86687
82431
92585
93040
93040
108473
108473
108874
111787
111787
111787
67468
62154
62154
62154
62154
62154
-------
Chemical Name
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Genus
Scirpophaga
Sitophilus
Sonchus
Sonchus
Sonchus
Spergula
Spergula
Steinernema
Steinernema
Stellaria
Stellaria
Stellaria
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tilapia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tiphia
Tribolium
Tribolium
Trichogramma
Trichogramma
Trifolium
Trifolium
Tripleurospermu
m
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Triticum
Veronica
Veronica
Vicia
Vicia
Vicia
Species
incertulas
oryzae
oleraceus
oleraceus
asper
arvensis
arvensis
feltiae
feltiae
media
media
grammea
zillii
mossambica
mossambica
vernalis
vernalis
vernalis
castaneum
castaneum
japonicum
japonicum
dubium
pratense
perforata
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
aestivum
persica
persica
saliva
saliva
saliva
Common Name
Rice Stem Borer
Rice weevil
Annual sow thistle
Annual sow thistle
Spiny sow thistle
Corn spurrey
Corn spurrey
Nematode
Nematode
Chickweed
Chickweed
Grass Leaf Starwort
Tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Spring Tiphia
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Rust-Red Flour Beetle
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitic Wasp
Small hop clover
Red clover
Bridal robe
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Bread wheat
Persian speedwell
Persian speedwell
garden vetch
garden vetch
garden vetch
Effect
Group
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Effect
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
REP
Meas
PROG
PROG
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
PROG
PROG
GERM
GERM
GERM
CYNG
PROG
FCND
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
PROG
RSUC
RSUC
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
GERM
Endpt!
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOEC
NOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
NOAEL
Endpt2
NOAEL
LOAEL
LOAEL
Dur
Preferred
1
28
28
NA
28
28
2
2
28
28
NA
90
90
90
10
6
7
56
7 TO 10
7 TO 10
NA
NA
NA
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
28
28
28
28
NA
Dur Unit
Preferred
d
em
d
d
gm
d
d
d
d
d
d
gm
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
em
d
d
gm
gm
gm
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
gm
Cone
Valuel
Preferred
0.04
5
0.0064
0.0064
0.8922
0.0064
0.0064
691.2
691.2
0.0064
0.0064
0.8922
0.0036
0.005
0.005
0.002
0.002
0.001
3
5
0.05
0.05
0.8922
0.8922
0.8922
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.0064
0.0064
0.0064
0.0064
0.8922
Cone
Value2
Preferred
0.0017
0.01
0.002
Cone Units
Preferred
%
ppm
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Ib/acre
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
ppm
ppm
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Ib/acre
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
Al g/kg
ppm
ppm
%
%
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
Ib/acre
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
ml/kg sd
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Al g/eu
Ib/acre
% Purity
100
100
5
5
100
5
5
100
100
5
5
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
5
5
5
5
100
Ref#
91433
111787
74876
74876
75347
74876
74876
109598
109598
74876
74876
75347
72744
54793
54793
101977
101977
101977
108874
111787
100115
100115
75347
75347
75347
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
64717
74876
74876
74876
74876
75347
-------
Appendix I. HED Effects Assessment
-------
HUMAN HEALTH
RISK ASSESSMENT
CHLORPYRIFOS
.
''I I
'J
I
t
KJhJ,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs
Health Effects Division (7509C)
Deborah C. Smegal, M.P.H., Risk Assessor
June 8, 2000
-------
HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
CHLORPYRIFOS
Phase 4
Risk Assessment Team:
Lead Risk Assessor: Deborah C. Smegal, M.P.H., Toxicologist
Dietary Risk: David Soderberg, Chemist
Residue Chemistry: Steven Knizner, Senior Scientist/Chemist
Product Chemistry: Steven Knizner, Senior Scientist/Chemist
Agricultural,
Occupational and
Residential Exposure: Timothy Leighton, Environmental Health Scientist
Deborah C. Smegal, M.P.H., Toxicologist
Toxicology: Deborah C. Smegal, M.P.H., Toxicologist
Incident Review: Jerome Blondell, Health Statistician
Virginia Dobozy, Veterinary Medical Officer
Management:
Senior Scientist: Steven Knizner
Branch Chief: Jess Rowland
Division Director:
Margaret J. Stasikowski, June 8, 2000
-------
Background
Attached is HED's risk assessment of the organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos,
for purposes of issuing a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document for this active
ingredient. Cumulative risk assessment considering risks from other pesticides or
chemical compounds having a common mechanism of toxicity is not addressed in this
document. This risk assessment updates the October 18, 1999 version and addresses the
Public Comments in accordance with Phase 3 of the Tolerance Reassessment Advisory
Committee (TRAC) Organophosphate (OP) Pilot Process. EPA and the registrants have
agreed to certain modifications to the use of chlorpyrifos to mitigate dietary, worker and
residential risks. This risk assessment incorporates elements of the risk mitigation
agreement in a number of its analyses in order to characterize post-mitigation risks. The
disciplinary science chapters and other supporting documents for the chlorpyrifos RED are
also included as attachments as follows:
Report of the Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee. D. Smegal
(4/6/2000, HED Doc No. 014088)
Report of the FQPA Safety Factor Committee. Brenda Tarplee (4/4/00; HED Doc
No. 014077)
Revised Product and Residue Chemistry Chapter. Steven Knizner (June 2000)
Toxicology Chapter. Deborah Smegal (4/18/00; D263892)
Occupational/Residential Handler and Post-Application Residential/Non-
Occupational Risk Assessment. D. Smegal/T. Leighton (June 2000; D266562)
Agricultural and Occupational Exposure Assessment: Tim Leighton (June 2000;
D263893)
Acute Dietary Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos. (D. Soderberg June 2000,
D263890)
Chronic Dietary Exposure Assessment for Chlorpyrifos. D. Soderberg (June 2000,
D263889)
Chlorpyrifos Incident Review Update: Jerome Blondell (4/20/00).
Update of Incident Data on Chlorpyrifos for Domestic Animals. Virginia Dobozy
(04/26/99; D255514)
Analysis of Chlorpyrifos IDS Data for Domestic Animals. Virginia Dobozy (1/23/95)
Drinking Water Assessment from the Environmental Fate and Effects Division
(EFED). Michael Barrett (11/13/98)
-------
EFED Concerns over well contamination associated with termiticide use and
EFED Recommended Concentrations for HED Drinking Water Assessment of
Chlorpyrifos. Henry Nelson (10/6/99)
Chlorpyrifos Preliminary Risk Assessment for Trichlorpyridinol (TCP) Metabolite.
S. Knizner. D265035.
HED's Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee (HIARC) reviewed the
toxicological database for Chlorpyrifos and selected toxicological endpoints for acute oral,
chronic oral and for short-, intermediate and long-term dermal and inhalation exposure risk
assessment in February 1999, and January 2000 (memorandum dated April 6, 2000).
HED's FQPA Safety Factor Committee reviewed the hazard and exposure data for
Chlorpyrifos on January 24, 2000, and deferred to the Office of Pesticide Programs
Division Directors and senior scientists (DD-SS). The DD-SS recommended that the 10X
FQPA Safety Factor (as required by Food Quality Act of August 3, 1996) be retained in
assessing the risk posed by this chemical (memorandum dated April 4, 2000).
In June 1997, the registrants of Chlorpyrifos voluntarily agreed to measures
designed to reduce household exposure to Chlorpyrifos, as part of a risk reduction plan.
This voluntary plan included deletion of indoor broadcast use, use as an additive to paint,
direct application to pets (sprays, shampoos and dips), and indoor total-release foggers.
The technical Chlorpyrifos products have been amended to reflect the negotiated plan. The
technical label limits end use product labeling to only those sites which are specified on its
label. In addition, the registrants have implemented measures to improve education,
training, and labels, and report and analyze incidents. In addition, as part of this
agreement, the registrants agreed to work with EPA to develop broad, market-wide
policies for all indoor insecticides for a number of areas.
EPA and the registrants have agreed to certain modifications to the use of
Chlorpyrifos to mitigate dietary, worker and residential risks. This risk assessment
incorporates elements of this agreement in a number of its analyses in order to
characterize post-mitigation risks. The agreement includes:
Agricultural Uses
Restrict use on apples to pre-bloom (dormant) application only
Cancel use on tomatoes
Implement revised restricted-entry intervals for all agricultural crops.
-------
Non-Agricultural Uses
Cancel all indoor residential uses (except fully contained ant baits in child
resistance packaging).
Cancel all outdoor residential uses (except limited public health uses).
Cancel all indoor and outdoor non-residential uses (e.g. FHE) except:
Use on golf courses
Limited public health uses
Limited use in industrial settings (e.g. manufacturing plants, ship holds)
Cancel whole house "post-construction" termiticide use.
Phase out limited post-construction spot and local termiticide treatments
Phase out pre-construction termiticide treatments
Reduce the maximum application rate for phased-out termiticide treatments
to a 0.5% concentration.
Reduce the maximum application rate for use on golf courses to 1 Ib. active
ingredient per acre.
In addition to these agreed upon actions the Agency will also propose to revoke the
tolerance on tomatoes and reduce the tolerances on apples and grapes to 0.01 ppm.
These changes were also included in the analysis of post-mitigation dietary exposure.
-------
CHLORPYRIFOS REVISED RISK ASSESSMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Executive Summary 1
2.0 Physical/Chemical Properties Characterization 12
3.0 Hazard Characterization 13
3.1 Hazard Profile 13
3.1.1 TCP 13
3.1.2 Neurotoxicity 14
3.1.3 Subchronic Toxicity 14
3.1.4 Carcinogenicity/Genotoxicity 15
3.1.5 Chronic Toxicity 15
3.1.6 Developmental Toxicity 15
3.1.7 Reproductive Toxicity 16
3.1.8 Human Studies 16
3.1.9 Metabolism/Pharmacokinetic Studies 18
3.1.10 Sensitivity/Susceptibility of the Young 19
3.1.11 Paraoxonase 19
3.2 Acute Toxicity 20
3.3 FQPA Considerations 21
3.4 Endpoint Selection 22
3.5 Endocrine Disrupter Effects 26
4.0 Exposure Assessment 27
4.1 Summary of Registered Uses 27
4.2 Dietary Exposure 28
4.2.1 Residue Chemistry Data Requirements 28
4.3 Dietary Exposure (Food Source) 29
4.3.1 Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment 31
4.3.2 Chronic Dietary Exposure Assessment 35
4.3.3 Drinking Water Exposure 41
4.3.3.1 Groundwater Exposure Levels 42
4.3.3.2 Surface Water Exposure Levels 43
4.3.3.3 Drinking Water Exposure Concentrations 44
4.3.3.4 DWLOCs for Acute (Drinking Water) Exposure 46
4.3.3.5 DWLOCs for Chronic Drinking Water Exposure ... 47
4.4 Non-Dietary Exposure 48
4.4.1 Occupational Handler Exposure Scenarios 50
4.4.1.1 Occupational Handler Exposure Data Sources and
Assumptions 51
4.4.1.2 Occupational Handler Risk Characterization 53
-------
4.4.2 Occupational Postapplication Exposure Scenarios 57
4.4.2.1 Occupational Postapplication Exposure Data and
Assumptions 57
4.4.2.2 Occupational Postapplication Risk Characterization
58
4.4.3 Residential Handler Exposure 59
4.4.3.1 Residential Handler Exposure Scenarios 60
4.4.3.2 Residential Handler Exposure Data Sources and
Assumptions 61
4.4.3.3 Residential Handler Risk Characterization 61
4.4.4 Residential/Recreational Postapplication Exposures and Risks .. 63
4.4.4.1 Postapplication Exposure Scenarios 64
4.4.4.2 Data Sources and Assumptions for Postapplication
Exposure Calculations 65
4.4.4.3 Residential/Recreational Postapplication Risk
Characterization 65
4.4.4.4 Incident Reports 90
4.4.5 Pet Incident Reports 93
4.5 Chlorpyrifos Exposure Estimates in the U.S. Population 94
5.0 Aggregate Risk Assessments and Risk Characterization 100
5.1 Acute Aggregate Risk 100
5.2 Short-Term Aggregate Risk 102
5.3 Intermediate-Term Aggregate Risk 106
5.4 Chronic Aggregate Risk 106
6.0 Cumulative Exposure and Risks 109
7.0 Confirmatory Data 110
7.1 Toxicology Data for OPPTS Guidelines 110
7.2 Product and Residue Chemistry Data for OPPTS Guidelines 110
7.2.1 Product Chemistry 110
7.2.2 Residue Chemistry 111
7.3 Occupational Exposure Data for OPPTS Guidelines 113
8.0 References 115
APPENDIX A: Sensitivity/Susceptibility of the Young 120
-------
CHLORPYRIFOS
1.0 Executive Summary
The Health Effects Division (HED) has conducted a Human Health Risk
Assessment for the active ingredient chlorpyrifos for the purposes of making a
reregistration eligibility decision (RED). The toxicological database is complete and
adequate to support reregistration in accordance with the Subdivision F Guidelines for a
food use chemical. Residue chemistry requirements are substantially complete pending
receipt of limited confirmatory data.
Chlorpyrifos, [0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)-phosphorothioate], is a
broad-spectrum, chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that was first registered in 1965
to control foliage- and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops.
Chlorpyrifos' most common trade names are Dursban, Empire 20, Equity, and Whitmire
PT 270. Lorsban is a trade name for agricultural-use products. It is one of the most widely
used organophosphate insecticides in the U.S., and is one of the major insecticides used
in residential settings. Approximately 21 to 24 million pounds are used annually in the U.S,
of which approximately 11 million pounds are applied in non-agricultural settings. There
are approximately 800 registered products containing chlorpyrifos on the market.
Registered uses include: variety of food crops (i.e., there are approximately 112
tolerances for food/feed commodities); turf and ornamental plants; greenhouses;
sodfarms; indoor pest control products (e.g., crack and crevice); structural pest control
(e.g., termites); and pet collars. It is registered for use in residential and commercial
buildings, schools, daycare centers, hotels, restaurants and other food-handling
establishments, hospitals, stores, warehouses, food manufacturing plants, vehicles, and
livestock premises. In addition, it is used as a mosquitocide, and as impregnated in ear
tags for cattle. In 1998, Dow AgroSciences (DAS) estimated that 70% of the urban
chlorpyrifos use involved termite control. Chlorpyrifos products are widely used by
homeowners and professionals.
The following are formulation types for chlorpyrifos: wettable powder, emulsifiable
concentrate, dust, granular, bait, flowable concentrate, impregnated material,
pelleted/tableted, pressurized liquid, and microencapsulated. Dry flowable and wettable
powder formulations in open bags are no longer supported by the primary registrant, Dow
AgroSciences (DAS). Therefore, these formulations are not assessed in this risk
assessment and are not eligible for re-registration.
-------
Chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic following acute oral, dermal and inhalation
exposures (toxicity category II). Chlorpyrifos affects the nervous system by reversibly
inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase (ChE), an enzyme necessary for the proper
functioning of the nervous system. Inhibition of ChE is the most sensitive effect in all
animal species evaluated and in humans, regardless of route or duration of exposure. In
animals, significant inhibition of plasma and red blood cell (RBC) ChE occur at doses
below those that cause brain ChE inhibition. Data from two human studies suggest that
humans are similarly and possibly more sensitive than animals following acute and short-
term oral exposure and acute dermal exposure based on plasma ChE inhibition and/or
possible clinical signs. Females are slightly more sensitive than males based on ChE
inhibition and acute toxicity (comparison of LD50's). Studies in the scientific literature
suggest that neonates are more sensitive to oral Chlorpyrifos exposure than adults for ChE
inhibition and behavioral effects. The increased sensitivity of the young may be attributed
to a reduced capacity to detoxify Chlorpyrifos.
Developmental and reproductive effects have been observed in rats, rabbits and/or
mice, but only at doses that induced maternal or parental toxicity. In rats, Chlorpyrifos
causes delayed alterations in brain development in offspring of exposed mothers. Several
studies in the peer reviewed literature and results of the guideline developmental
neurotoxicity study are supportive of the possibility that Chlorpyrifos exposure may affect
brain development (e.g., altered synaptic development, alterations in DMA, RNA, and
protein synthesis, inhibition of mitosis and mitotic figures, and disruption of the structural
architecture of the brain). There are suggestive data that these effects may arise
independent of cholinesterase inhibition.
Chlorpyrifos did not induce treatment-related tumors or provide evidence of
carcinogenicity in two chronic rat or two chronic mouse studies. Chlorpyrifos was not
mutagenic in bacteria, or mammalian cells, but did cause slight genetic alterations in yeast
and DMA damage to bacteria.
For the purposes of this assessment, HED has concluded that the primary
metabolite of Chlorpyrifos, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP), is not of toxicologic
concern because 3,5,6-TCP does not induce cholinesterase inhibition (58 FR 19354, April
14, 1993). However, because of potential exposure to TCP in food and residential
settings, and evidence of increased susceptibility of rabbit fetuses relative to dams based
on the DAS-submitted rabbit developmental study, HED conducted a screening-level risk
assessment for TCP. This assessment is attached in memorandum from S. Knizner to D.
Smegal, D265035 June 5, 2000.
The toxicity endpoints used in this document to assess hazards include acute
dietary and chronic dietary reference doses (RfDs), and short-, intermediate- and long-
term dermal and inhalation doses. In light of the developing Agency policy on use of
toxicology studies employing human subjects, HED selected doses and endpoints for risk
assessment based solely on animal studies. Therefore, this document contains risk
-------
assessments based on animal toxicity studies.
The acute dietary RfD of 0.005 mg/kg/day is based on a no-observed adverse
effect level (NOAEL) of 0.5 mg/kg/day from an acute oral rat blood time-course study that
observed 28-40% plasma cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition 3-6 hours after dosing male rats
with a single dose of 1 mg/kg/day (the lowest-observable adverse effect level, LOAEL).
This NOAEL is supported by statistically significant 30% RBC ChE inhibition 4 hours after
a single 1.5 mg/kg/day exposure by a study in the scientific literature (Zheng et al. 2000).
The chronic RfD of 0.0003 mg/kg/day is based on an oral NOAEL of 0.03 mg/kg/day for
significant plasma and red blood cell (RBC) ChE inhibition at 0.22 to 0.3 mg/kg/day
(LOAEL) based on a weight of the evidence consideration of 5 toxicity studies in dogs and
rats. An uncertainty factor of 100 (1 OX for interspecies extrapolation and 10X for
intraspecies variability) was applied to the NOAELs to obtain the RfDs.
A route-specific short-term dermal NOAEL of 5 mg/kg/day from a 21-day dermal rat
study has been selected based on plasma and RBC ChE inhibition of 45% and 16%,
respectively at 10 mg/kg/day (LOAEL). A dermal absorption adjustment is not necessary
because a dermal study was selected. The intermediate- and long-term dermal NOAELs
and long-term inhalation NOAEL are 0.03 mg/kg/day based on statistically significant
plasma and RBC ChE inhibition that occurred at 0.22 to 0.3 mg/kg/day based on a weight
of the evidence of 5 toxicity studies in dogs and rats. Because an oral NOAEL was
selected, a 3 percent dermal absorption factor was used. Dermal absorption was
estimated to be 3 percent based on the ratio of the oral LOAEL of 0.3 mg/kg/day from the
rat developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) study to the dermal LOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day from
the 21 -day rat dermal study. This absorption factor is comparable to the dermal
absorption estimated from human data of 1-3%.
The short-and intermediate-term inhalation NOAEL is 0.1 mg/kg/day from two
separate 90-day rat inhalation studies that did not observe effects at the highest vapor
concentration tested. HED selected a LOAEL of 0.3 mg/kg/day for 43% plasma and 41 %
RBC ChE inhibition from the oral developmental neurotoxicity study in rats to complete the
dose-response assessment. A 100% default inhalation absorption factor (i.e., inhalation
and oral absorption are equivalent) was used.
The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Safety Factor Committee re-evaluated the
previous FQPA safety factor recommendation based on new hazard information, and
deferred to the OPP Division Directors and several Agency senior scientists (DD-SS
group) for the recommendation. The Division Directors and senior scientists (DD-SS
group), recommended that the FQPA safety factor should be retained at 10X for the
protection of infants and children from exposure to chlorpyrifos. The FQPA safety factor is
applicable to females 13-50, and infants and children population subgroups for acute
and chronic dietary risk assessments and residential and other non-occupational risk
assessments of all durations. The safety factor was retained because new data in the
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literature (Zheng et al. 2000) demonstrated increased neonatal sensitivity following a low-
level single oral exposure, and a registrant submitted developmental neurotoxicity (DNT)
study showed a clear qualitative difference in response (i.e., susceptibility) between adult
rats and their offspring. Cholinesterase inhibition was observed in dams versus structural
effects in the developing brain of the offspring.
In addition, the new data in the literature also gave rise to uncertainties such as the
suggestion that the inhibition of Cholinesterase may not be essential for adverse effects on
brain development; and the lack of an offspring NOAEL in the DNT based upon structural
alterations in brain development as the toxicity endpoint of concern (i.e., effects were seen
at the lowest dose evaluated).
HED conducted the most highly refined acute probabilistic and chronic
deterministic dietary (food) exposure analyses possible using the Dietary Exposure
Evaluation Model (DEEM). Both the acute and chronic dietary analyses incorporate
monitoring data obtained from U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Pesticide Data
Program (POP), the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Surveillance Monitoring
Program, in addition to monitoring data from Dow AgroSciences' (DAS')1993 National
Food Survey (NFS) (a market basket survey), and field trial data for a limited number of
crops. Percent crop treated data and processing and cooking factors were also used to
refine the exposure estimates. The Agency's acute and chronic analyses incorporated
POP and FDA monitoring data to the greatest extent possible, and NFS data for seven of
the nine commodities included in the survey (milk, apple juice, applesauce, orange juice,
ground beef, pork sausage and peanut butter). The NFS data for fresh apples were also
included in a sensitivity analysis. The NFS tomato data were not included because only 54
samples were collected from Florida, while more extensive and recent data for fresh
tomatoes are available from POP (881 samples, collected in 1996 and 1997). POP
monitoring data also reflect the use of chlorpyrifos on imported fresh tomatoes (a
significant source of fresh tomatoes). Therefore the POP fresh tomato residue data were
used exclusively in all analyses.
Three data sets are available for estimating residues on fresh apples: POP data
for analysis of individual single apples; POP "decomposited" apple data; and NFS
"decomposited" apple data. Use of each of these three data sets for fresh apples leads to
a different exposure estimate. The dietary exposure analysis has been performed using all
commodities having chlorpyrifos uses and each of the apple data sets separately: POP
data for single apples; POP "decomposited" apple data; and NFS "decomposited" apple
data.
In both acute and chronic risk assessments, exposure was compared to a
population adjusted dose, (PAD), which is the reference dose (RfD) reflecting retention of
the FQPA 10x factor for females and children. HED considers dietary residue
contributions greater than 100% of the PAD to be of concern. The acute and chronic
PADs are 0.0005 and 0.00003 mg/kg/day, respectively for children and females 13-50
years. The acute and chronic PADs are 0.005 and 0.0003 mg/kg/day, respectively for all
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other population groups. The Agency's highly refined acute dietary exposure estimates
at the 99.9th percentile were greater than 100% of the aPAD for all child subpopulations
based on the 1999 POP single apple data, the decomposited 1994-1997 POP apple
data, and/or the decomposited 1993-1994 NFS apple data. Children 1-6 years old were
the most highly exposed population subgroup, regardless of which data set is used for
fresh apples. Apples contribute most to the child risk estimates. For children 1-6 years
old, risk estimates ranged from 170% to 355% of the aPAD depending on which fresh
apple data set was used. Use of PDP's 1999 single apple data resulted in the highest
exposure estimates. Use of the decomposited NFS fresh apple data resulted in the
lowest exposure estimates. Because the POP single apple data are the most recent and
do not require decompositing, these data are expected to provide the most reliable
exposure and risk estimates. However, no matter which of the three data sets is used for
fresh apples, the critical exposure commodity (CEC) analysis indicated that residues on
fresh apples were the major contributor to dietary exposure estimates for children 1 -6
years old at the 99.9th percentile exposure. Residues on whole tomatoes and grapes
were the next major contributors to exposure.
Various risk mitigation measures were examined to reduce acute dietary exposure
and risk estimates. Risk estimates could be reduced to less than 100% of the aPAD for
children 1 -6 years old only with mitigated exposures from consumption of fresh apples,
grapes and tomatoes. Acute dietary risk estimates for children 1-6 years old were
reduced to 82% of the aPAD based on the following mitigation measures: reduction of the
apple tolerance to 0.01 ppm based on dormant application only; reduction of the grape
tolerance to 0.01 ppm based on the domestic use pattern; and deletion of the use and
removal of the tolerance on tomatoes. Ingestion of residues detected on a number of
commodities (spinach, squash and carrots) that lack chlorpyrifos tolerances does not
impact the acute dietary risk estimates. Because chlorpyrifos is not registered for use on
these crops, these residues represent chlorpyrifos misuse or possibly spray drift.
The Agency's average chronic dietary exposure estimates for the U.S.
population and all subgroups, with or without consideration of food handling establishment
use, are below HED's level of concern. Without consideration of the food handling
establishment (FHE) use, the average exposure estimates comprised 3% of the cPAD for
the general population and 61 % of the cPAD for the most highly exposed subgroup,
children 1-6 years old. The Agency average exposure estimates including the food
handling establishment use comprised 4% of the cPAD for the general population and
81 % of the cPAD for the most highly exposed subgroup, children 1 -6 years old. The risk
mitigation measures designed to reduce acute dietary risk also reduce chronic dietary
risk. Children 1 -6 years old remain the most highly exposed subpopulation, with risk
estimates of 51 % and 31 % of the cPAD, including the FHE use or using zero residues for
the FHE use, respectively. Ingestion of residues on a number of commodities (spinach,
squash and carrots) that lack chlorpyrifos tolerances does not impact the chronic dietary
risk estimates.
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The available environmental fate data suggest that chlorpyrifos has a low potential
to leach to groundwater in measurable quantities from typical agricultural uses, however,
there have been instances of well contamination following termiticide use. The available
data indicate that the primary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, 3,5,6-TCP is more mobile, and
significantly more persistent in many soils, especially under anaerobic conditions. The
Agency has provided a screening-level drinking water assessment based on simulation
models and an analysis of available monitoring data to estimate the potential
concentrations of chlorpyrifos in ground and surface water.
The Agency conducted an analysis of over 3000 filtered groundwater monitoring
well data available in U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment
(NAWQA) Program databases, and in the Agency's Pesticides in Ground Water Data
Base (PGWDB). Chlorpyrifos was infrequently detected in groundwater (< 1 % of the 3000
wells), with the majority of concentrations reported to be <0.01 ppb, and a maximum
detected concentration of 0.65 ppb in the PGWDB. Groundwater concentrations following
termiticide use are potentially much higher, with a maximum reported concentration of
2090 ppb because of well contamination. The Agency also performed screening-level
model estimates of chlorpyrifos concentrations in groundwater using SCI-GROW. Inputs to
the models included high exposure agricultural scenarios for major crops (alfalfa, corn,
citrus, and tobacco) at the maximum application rates. The estimated concentrations of
chlorpyrifos in groundwater using the SCI-GROW screening model range from 0.007 to
0.103 ppb.
The Agency also evaluated more than 3000 samples from 20 NAWQA study units
for surface water. In surface water, chlorpyrifos was detected at frequencies up to 15% of
1530 agricultural streams, 26% of 604 urban stream samples in 1997 and in 65% of 57
urban stream samples from Georgia, Alabama and Florida in 1994. The maximum
reported dissolved chlorpyrifos concentration in surface water is 0.4 ppb, with the 95th
percentile at 0.026 ppb, and the majority of concentrations < 0.1 ppb. However, the
Agency notes that the monitoring data are not available for the most vulnerable watersheds
or groundwater where chlorpyrifos use is pervasive. The Agency also performed
screening-level model estimates of chlorpyrifos concentrations in surface water using Tier I
GENEEC or Tier II PRZM/EXAMS. Estimated maximum 90 day average and peak
concentrations of chlorpyrifos in surface water using the PRZM/EXAMS screening model
are 6.7 • g/L and 40.6 ppb, respectively.
Based on the monitoring data and model estimates the Agency used a range of
upper-bound estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) in water for the water
assessment. For the acute and chronic groundwater assessment an EEC range of 0.007
to 0.103 ppb was used based on screening-level model estimates. For the acute surface
water assessment a range of 0.026 to 0.4 ppb was used, based on the 95th percentile and
maximum reported concentrations from monitoring data. For the chronic surface water
assessment, the 95th percentile concentration from monitoring data of 0.026 ppb was
used. For termiticide use, the Agency had upper-bound groundwater concentrations of 30
to 2090 ppb for the acute exposures, based on well remediation efforts and monitoring
data, respectively, and 8.3 to 578 ppb (acute values adjusted for partial environmental
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degradation) for chronic exposures. The SCIGROW model and the monitoring data do
not reflect actual drinking water concentrations after dilution (from source to tap) or drinking
water treatment.
HED calculated drinking water levels of comparison (DWLOCs) assuming
mitigation measures for diet and residential uses. Except for possible contamination
resulting from termiticide use, the acute and chronic DWLOCs are greater than the EECs
and thus do not exceed HED's level of concern.
Exposures to chlorpyrifos from groundwater because of well contamination as a
result of the termiticide use for either acute or chronic durations may result in exposures
that are potentially of concern. However, implementation of PR-96-7 has reduced the
reported incidents of groundwater contamination resulting from termiticide treatment.
Occupational and residential exposures to chlorpyrifos can occur during handling,
mixing, loading and application activities. Occupational postapplication exposure can
occur for agricultural workers re-entering treated fields such as during scouting, irrigation
and harvesting activities.
Residential postapplication exposure can occur following treatment of lawns, or
residences for cockroaches, carpenter ants, termites, and other insects. In addition, there
is a potential for inadvertent oral exposure to children from eating chlorpyrifos-treated turf
and soil or licking fingers following contact with treated areas. Postapplication exposure to
children can occur in locations other than the home, including schools, daycare centers,
playgrounds, and parks.
There is insufficient use information and exposure data to assess exposure
resulting from use in vehicles (i.e., planes, trains, automobiles, buses, boats) and other
current label uses such as treatment of indoor exposed wood surfaces, supermarkets,
theaters, furniture, and draperies, etc. HED has concern for these uses based on the
residential scenarios assessed within this document, which show that nearly all current
uses evaluated result in exposures that exceed HED's level of concern. HED has
requested additional exposure data for all registered uses not evaluated in this
assessment. Although there is concern for these uses, the Agency believes that exposure
to these uses will not be higher than the scenarios evaluated in the risk assessment.
HED has conducted dermal and inhalation exposure assessments for: occupational
and residential handlers; occupational postapplication; and residential postapplication
dermal and inhalation exposure to adults and children as well as inadvertent oral exposure
to children. The exposure duration for short-term assessments is defined as 1 to 30 days.
Intermediate-term durations are 1 month to six months, and long-term exposures are
durations greater than six months. The duration of exposure is expected to be: short-term
for agricultural handlers; intermediate and long-term for the occupational handler in
residential settings (i.e., lawn care operator and pest control operator); intermediate-term
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for occupational postapplication; and short-term for the residential handler. The
postapplication residential exposures evaluated in this assessment are considered short-
term, except for exposures from termiticide treatment which is considered a long-term
exposure.
For the dermal and inhalation risk assessment, risk estimates are expressed in
terms of the Margin of Exposure (MOE), which is the ratio of the NOAEL selected for the
risk assessment to the exposure level. For occupationally exposed workers, MOEs >100
(i.e., 10x for interspecies extrapolation and 10x for intraspecies variability) do not exceed
HED's level of concern. For residential populations, MOEs >1000, which includes the 10x
FQPA safety factor for females 13-50 and children, do not exceed HED's level of concern.
The target MOE of 1000 is applicable for residential handlers.
The majority of occupational risk estimates do not exceed HED's level of
concern with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) or engineering controls.
The results of the short-term handler assessments indicate that only 1 of the 16 potential
exposure scenarios did not provide at least one application rate with a total MOE(s)
greater than or equal to 100 at either the maximum PPE (i.e., coveralls over long pants,
long sleeved shirts, and chemical resistant gloves while using open systems) or using
engineering controls (i.e., closed systems). In the majority of cases, dermal exposure
contributes more significantly to the total MOE than inhalation exposure.
In total, exposure and risk estimates were calculated for 56 scenarios. Based on
the maximum level of protection (i.e., various levels of PPE or engineering controls) 2
MOEs are estimated to be less than 10; 6 MOEs are between 10 and 50; 9 MOEs are
between 50 and 100, and 39 MOEs are greater than 100. Fourteen of the scenarios were
evaluated based on data obtained from five chemical-specific studies submitted by DAS.
The agricultural handler assessments are believed to be reasonable high end exposure
representations of chlorpyrifos uses.
There is insufficient information (e.g., dermal and inhalation exposure data) to
assess 3 scenarios: seed treatment uses, dip applications (e.g., preplant peach root
stock, and nursery stock), and dry bulk fertilizer applications to citrus orchard floors. Given
the results from the other scenarios assessed, these scenarios may also need to be
mitigated. HED has requested data for these scenarios.
The results of the Pest Control Operator (PCO)/Lawn Care Operator (LCO)
handler assessment in residential/recreational settings for short-, intermediate and/or
long-term exposure scenarios indicate that most of the MOEs are less than 100, and
therefore exceed HED's level of concern. The only scenarios that result in MOEs above
100, and do no exceed HED's level of concern are: (1) lawn care professionals that wear
PPE and mix and load liquid lawn products (but do not apply) (total MOEs 100-820), (2)
workers who mix/load or apply chlorpyrifos for aerial mosquitocide applications of less
than 30 days with the use of engineering controls (closed systems)(total MOEs 160-240);
(3) workers who mix/load or apply chlorpyrifos for ground-based fogger mosquitocide
8
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applications up to several months with the use of PPE or engineering controls (total MOEs
100-560), and (4) most golf course workers who use the typical rate of 1 Ib ai/acre or
mixer/loaders of wettable powder that handle product to treat 4 Ib ai/acre for less than 30
days (total MOE 100-400).
A number of risks were estimated based on chemical-specific biomonitoring
studies submitted by DAS (i.e., indoor crack and crevice treatment, broadcast turf
application, and pre- and post-construction termiticide treatment) in which the LCOs/PCOs
wore label-specified PPE or PPE in addition to that specified on labels. Several of these
studies did not apply the product at the maximum label rate, or only evaluated exposures
for a few hours (i.e. 1 -3 hours) of the work day, and consequently could underestimate
exposures and risks to LCOs/PCOs. Overall, the exposures and risk estimates for
LCOs/PCOs based on the chemical-specific biomonitoring studies are considered to be
central tendency estimates because they evaluated less than a full day's exposure at the
maximum label rate. In the absence of chemical-specific data, LCO/PCO exposures were
estimated using data from Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) or the Draft
Residential SOPs.
The results of the short- and intermediate-term postapplication assessments
for workers at agricultural use sites indicate that restricted entry intervals (REIs) need to
be established. REIs represent the duration in days which must elapse before the Agency
would not have a concern (MOE • 100) for a worker wearing a long-sleeved shirt and long
pants to enter the treated area and perform specific tasks. The REIs range from 24
hours for the low, medium, and high crop grouping matrix to 10 days for harvesting
cauliflower. In short, REIs are 24 hours for all crops except the following: cauliflower (10
days), all nut trees (2 days), all fruit trees (4 days), and citrus (5 days). The occupational
postapplication assessment is believed to be reasonable high end representations of
chlorpyrifos uses. Four registrant-submitted dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) studies are
included in this assessment. Specifically, data are available for sugar beets, cotton, sweet
corn, almonds, pecans, apples, citrus, cauliflower, and tomatoes. The short-term MOEs for
postapplication exposure for mow/maintenance workers at golf courses are above 100
(110-210) and therefore, do not exceed HED's level of concern, even at the maximum
label rate of 4 Ib ai/acre.
All nine short-term residential handler exposure scenarios evaluated have total
dermal and inhalation MOEs (based on typical, and maximum usage rates) that exceed
HED's level of concern defined by a target MOE of 1000. MOEs for the residential
handler ranged from 3 to 900 for dermal risk, from 120 to 57,000 for inhalation risk, and
from 3 to 880 for total dermal and inhalation risk. The following scenarios were evaluated:
(1) indoor crack and crevice treatment, (2) lawn treatment with liquid products, (3,4,5) lawn
treatment with granular formulations via push-type spreader, belly grinder and hand
application, (6) application of ready to use products, (7) dust product applications, (8)
paintbrush application, and (9) treatment of ornamentals. In some instances, when the
product is not applied at the maximum label rate, the MOEs are above 1000 (i.e., 2 oz
crack and crevice spot treatment with a MOE of 1600). Only one of the residential handler
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scenarios was evaluated using chemical-specific data submitted by DAS, the remaining
scenarios were evaluated using the Residential SOPs or PHED.
The results of the residential postapplication exposure scenarios indicate that
seven of the nine scenarios evaluated have MOEs that are less than 1000, and therefore
exceed HED's level of concern. These scenarios include exposures following indoor
crack and crevice treatment, pet collars, termiticide treatments, liquid and granular lawn
treatments and yard and ornamental sprays. In addition, for post application exposure to
children following perimeter applications to homes, it was estimated that more than seven
hand-to-mouth events or more than 8 minutes of play on treated turf the day of treatment
could result in potential exposures that could exceed the Agency's level of concern (i.e.,
MOE < 1000). An additional scenario could not be quantitatively evaluated (post
application exposure to insecticidal dust product use) due to an absence of chemical-
specific data and recommended procedures in the residential SOPs. MOEs that exceed
HED's level of concern ranged from 6 to 980 for total dermal, inhalation and inadvertent
oral (in the case of children) risk. The only residential/recreational scenarios that resulted
in a MOE above 1000 are the aerial and ground-based fogger adult mosquitocide
application (MOEs 15,000 to 42,000) and adolescent and adult golfers for the typical
application rate of 1 Ib ai/acre (MOEs 1500 - 2400). Several of the residential
postapplication risks were estimated based on chemical-specific studies submitted by
DAS (i.e., crack and crevice treatment of the kitchen and bathroom, broadcast treatment of
turf with chlorpyrifos spray or granules, and termiticide treatment). The exposure and risk
estimates based on the chemical-specific studies are considered to be reasonable
central-tendency estimates (i.e., arithmetic mean or median exposure was used to
calculate risk). Because these studies were conducted in adults, standard EPA
assumptions were used to estimate child exposures.
Because of its widespread use in residences, chlorpyrifos is often involved in
unintentional exposures. About 6% of all pesticide-related calls (estimated at 7,000
annually) received by the poison control centers are related to chlorpyrifos. The
overwhelming majority of cases experience only minor symptoms, but about 200 cases per
year are serious enough to require special medical attention. Although only a small
proportion of cases involve products used by pest control operators, these exposures often
involve exposures to concentrated chemical, which can lead to more serious health effects.
As mandated by the FQPA amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act (FFDCA), the Agency must consider total aggregate exposure from food, drinking
water, and residential sources of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Based on the mitigation plan,
this aggregate assessment considers exposure to chlorpyrifos from food, drinking water
and residential uses. In addition, the Agency has concerns about possible residential
exposures from chlorpyrifos spray drift. The Agency is currently developing methods to
10
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assess residential exposures from spray drift, and these will be assessed in the future
when new methods are available. The acute aggregate risk estimates do not exceed
HED's level of concern because combined exposure to chlorpyrifos through food and
drinking water sources are <100% aPAD. The short-term aggregate risk estimates do
not exceed HED's level of concern based on concurrent exposure to chlorpyrifos from
golfing, mosquito abatement activities, in addition to food and drinking water. The
chronic food and drinking water aggregate risk estimates do not exceed HED's level
of concern.
Although not all of the risk estimates for termiticide use achieve a margin of
exposure of 1000, the Agency believes that individuals are unlikely to experience adverse
health effects from the termiticide use of chlorpyrifos. This conclusion is based on: the
public health protective assumptions; the 1000 fold safety factor; and the additional 3 to 10
fold cushion between the NOAEL and the LOAEL. Mitigation measures will further reduce
exposures and risk associated with the termiticide use. For example, the removal of whole
house barrier treatment addressed the exposures of most concern. It is expected that the
limited spot and localized treatment, and pre-construction treatments would represent less
exposure and risk. In conclusion, based on the mitigation plan, and best professional and
scientific judgement, the Agency concludes that the chronic aggregate risk including
termiticide use, does not raise a concern.
Because of its extensive use, the majority of the U.S. population is exposed to
chlorpyrifos or its environmental breakdown product, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-
TCP). Epidemiology data have reported measurable concentrations of 3,5,6-TCP, which
is also the primary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl and trichlorpyr in the urine
of individuals. These data represent potential aggregate exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or
3,5,6-TCP from all exposure routes. 3,5,6-TCP was detected in the urine of 82% of 993
adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III conducted between
1988 and 1993 (NHANES III). Preliminary results from the recent Minnesota Children's
Exposure Study found that 92% of the 89 children evaluated had measurable urinary
concentrations of 3,5,6-TCP. A 1998 biomonitoring study of 416 children in North and
South Carolina found 3,5,6-TCP in urine of 100% of the children evaluated. TCP was
found at higher average levels than all previous epidemiological studies of the general
population. HED believes that chlorpyrifos contributes significantly more to urinary TCP
than chlorpyrifos-methyl and trichlorpyr based on relative usage of 21-24 million pounds
chlorpyrifos versus 92,000 pounds chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 700,000 pounds for trichlorpyr.
Because chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl and trichlorpyr degrade to 3,5,6-TCP in the
environment, exposure to TCP per se also contributes to the urinary 3,5,6-TCP residues to
an unknown degree. As noted previously, HED conducted a screening-level risk
assessment for TCP. This assessment is attached in memorandum from S. Knizner to D.
Smegal, D265035 June 5, 2000.
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2.0 Physical/Chemical Properties Characterization
Technical chlorpyrifos is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 41.5-42.5°
C. Chlorpyrifos is stable in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions; however, stability
decreases with increasing pH. Chlorpyrifos is practically insoluble in water, but is soluble
in most organic solvents (i.e., acetone, xylene and methylene chloride). Chlorpyrifos is not
particularly volatile based on its low vapor pressure of 1.87x10'5 mmHg at 20°C (Merck
Index, 11th Edition). Its maximum attainable vapor concentration is 25 ppb at 25° C.
Cl
OC2H5
Empirical Formula: C9HiiCI3N03PS
Molecular Weight: 350.6
CAS Registry No.: 2921-88-2
Chemical No.: 059101
The persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil varies depending on soil type, and
environmental conditions. The typical aerobic soil metabolism half life (Ty2) ranges from 11
to 180 days, with a mean of 28.7 days. Much longer soil half lives of 175 to 1576 days
have been reported for termiticide application rates (Memorandum from M. Barrett to S.
Knizner, Drinking Water Assessment of Chlorpyrifos, November 13, 1998, and
memorandum from H. Nelson to D. Smegal/M. Hartman, October 6, 1999). The soil/water
partition coefficient (Koc) value ranges from 360 to 31000, indicating that it is not very
mobile in soils.
Technical Grade Active Ingredient (TGAI) data requirements concerning the DAS
99% T (EPA Reg. No. 62719-44) and the 97% T (EPA Reg. No. 62719-15) are satisfied.
Guideline 830.6314 (oxidatioin/reduction) data requirements remain outstanding for the
DAS 99% T. There are 45 chlorpyrifos Manufacturing-Use Products (MPs). Data remain
outstanding for many MPs. Product chemistry data requirements will be complete,
provided that the registrants submit the data required as identified in the Revised Product
and Residue Chemistry Chapter (Memorandum from S. Knizerto M. Hartman, October 1,
1999, D259613) for the chlorpyrifos MPs. In addition, the registrants must either certify
that the suppliers of starting materials and the manufacturing processes for the chlorpyrifos
technicals and manufacturing-use products have not changed since the last
comprehensive product chemistry review or submit complete updated product chemistry
data packages.
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3.0 Hazard Characterization
3.1 Hazard Profile
The toxicological database is complete and adequate to support
reregistration. in accordance with the Subdivision F Guidelines for a food use
chemical.
Chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic following acute oral, dermal and inhalation
exposures and is classified in toxicity category II for all exposure routes.
Chlorpyrifos affects the nervous system by reversibly inhibiting the activity of
cholinesterase (ChE), an enzyme necessary for the proper functioning of the
nervous system. Inhibition of ChE is the most sensitive effect in all animal species
evaluated and in humans, regardless of exposure duration. In animals, significant
inhibition of plasma and red blood cell (RBC) ChE occur at doses below those that
cause brain ChE inhibition. In animals, significant plasma and RBC ChE have
been observed at oral doses as low as 0.025 to 0.3 mg/kg/day following exposure
for two weeks to two years, while significant brain ChE inhibition has been
observed at oral doses as low as 1 mg/kg/day following exposure for two weeks in
pregnant rats (Hoberman 1998a,b). Female rats and especially pregnant rats
appear to be more sensitive than adult male rats to cholinesterase inhibition (Moser
et al. 1998, Hoberman 1998a,b, Mattsson et al. 1998). Data from two human
studies suggest that humans (adult males) are similarly sensitive and possibly more
sensitive than rats and dogs following acute and short-term oral exposure and acute
dermal exposure based on plasma ChE inhibition and/or possible clinical signs. It
is likely that the human sensitivity for ChE inhibition relative to rats (but not dogs) is
due to species differences in the constituents of plasma ChE between rats and
humans. For example, in rats, plasma ChE consists of approximately a 60:40 ratio
of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE), while in most
humans and dogs, plasma ChE is predominately as BuChE, which is more
sensitive to inhibition than AChE.
3.1.1 TCP
HED has concluded that the primary metabolite of Chlorpyrifos, 3,5,6-
trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP), does not induce cholinesterase inhibition,
and therefore is less toxic than Chlorpyrifos (58 FR 19354, April 14, 1993).
However, because of the potential exposure to TCP in food and residential
settings, and evidence of increased susceptibility of rabbit fetuses relative to
dams, HED conducted a screening-level risk assessment for TCP. This
assessment is attached in a memorandum from S. Kniznerto D. Smegal,
D265035 June 5, 2000.
13
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3.1.2 Neurotoxicity
Adult male rats acutely exposed to chlorpyrifos exhibited peak
plasma ChE inhibition of 28-40% 3-6 hours after exposure at 1 mg/kg
(Mendrala and Brzak 1998), while significant 30% RBC ChE inhibition was
noted 4 hours following a single oral dose of 1.5 mg/kg (Zheng et al. 2000).
Plasma, RBC and heart ChE inhibition of 45%, 17% and 19%, respectively
were observed in female rats 24 hours following a single dose of 5 mg/kg
(Dittenber 1997). The acute oral NOAELfor plasma ChE inhibition in male
rats is 0.5 mg/kg/day. Clinical signs of neurotoxicity, in the absence of
neuropathology, were observed in rats exposed to a single oral dose of 50
mg/kg as evidence by decreased motor activity, and increased incidence of
clinical signs consistent with organophosphate intoxication. Chlorpyrifos
was negative in the delayed neurotoxicity study in hens at single doses of 50,
100 or 110 mg/kg. Acute oral exposure to hens at 60 to 150 mg/kg caused
59-87% inhibition of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) 4-6 days after exposure
(Capodicasa et al. 1991). In addition, delayed neuropathy was noted at 60-
90 mg/kg which corresponded to 4-6 times the LD50 and required
aggressive antidotal treatment. In rats, chlorpyrifos failed to inhibit NTE at
single doses up to 100 mg/kg. There is evidence that NTE inhibition is
related to organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN).
Following longer-term exposures, there was no evidence of
neurotoxicity or neuropathology in rats exposed at doses up to 15 mg/kg/day
for 13 weeks. However, in the developmental neurotoxicity study, pregnant
dams exposed to chlorpyrifos for approximately 2 weeks exhibited 43% and
41 % inhibition of plasma and RBC ChE activity at 0.3 mg/kg/day, significant
18% brain ChE inhibition at 1 mg/kg/day, and clinical signs of neurotoxicity,
including fasciculations (muscle twitching), hyperpnea (increased
respiration), and hyperactivity in addition to decreased body weight gain at 5
mg/kg/day (Hoberman 1998a,b). Cholinesterase inhibition (68% plasma,
56% RBC and 8% brain) was also noted in rats exposed to 1 mg/kg/day
chlorpyrifos for 4 weeks in the cognitive study, while clinical signs of toxicity
were not observed until higher doses of 3 mg/kg/day for miosis (pupil
contraction) and 10 mg/kg/day for salivation and tremors (Maurissen et al.
1996).
3.1.3 Subchronic Toxicity
Several subchronic studies are available for chlorpyrifos including two
oral rat studies, one oral dog study, a 21 day dermal toxicity study in rats,
and two inhalation studies in rats. The most sensitive effect following
subchronic oral exposure is inhibition of plasma ChE in rats and dogs at
0.025 to 0.03 mg/kg/day, and RBC ChE inhibition in dogs and rats at 0.22 to
0.3 mg/kg/day. Rats exposed to higher doses exhibited hematological
14
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effects at doses of 10 mg/kg/day and increased brain and heart weight,
adrenal gland effects and decreased body weight gain at 15 mg/kg/day. No
adverse effects were noted in rats exposed via inhalation to the highest
attainable vapor concentration of 20.6 ppb (287 • g/m3) (0.1 mg/kg/day). No
adverse effects were observed in the 21 -day dermal study in rats at doses
as high as 5 mg/kg/day. However, in a 4-day dermal probe study, rats
dermally exposed to doses of 0, 1, 10, 100, or 500 mg/kg/day exhibited
reductions in plasma and RBC ChE activities at doses of 10 to 500
mg/kg/day. The 21-day dermal NOAEL is 5 mg/kg/day based on a 45% and
16% inhibition of plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase, respectively in
rats dermally exposed to 10 mg/kg/day for 4 days.
3.1.4 Carcinogenicity/Genotoxicity
Chlorpyrifos was evaluated for carcinogenic potential in both rats (2
studies), and mice (2 studies). There was no evidence of carcinogenicity.
Chlorpyrifos is not mutagenic in bacteria, or mammalian cells, but did cause
slight genetic alterations in yeast and DNA damage to bacteria. In addition,
Chlorpyrifos did not induce chromosome aberrations in vitro, was not
clastogenic in the mouse micronucleus test in vivo, and failed to induce
unscheduled DNA synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.
3.1.5 Chronic Toxicity
Chlorpyrifos was evaluated for chronic toxicity in rats, mice and dogs.
In all animal species, the most sensitive effect is inhibition of plasma, RBC
and brain ChE that occurred at levels in the range of 0.03 to 3 mg/kg/day.
Following chronic exposure dogs appear to be the most sensitive species
for cholinesterase inhibition and systemic effects, as noted by increased
liver weights in dogs exposed to 3 mg/kg/day that could be an adaptive
response. Rats exposed to 7-10 mg/kg/day had decreased body weight
and decreased body weight gain, ocular effects, adrenal gland effects and
altered clinical chemistry and hematological parameters. Mice appear to be
the least sensitive to chronic oral doses of Chlorpyrifos, as exposure to 45-48
mg/kg/day resulted in decreased body weight and an increased incidence of
non-neoplastic lesions (i.e., keratitis, hepatocyte fatty vacuolation).
3.1.6 Developmental Toxicity
Chlorpyrifos was evaluated for developmental toxicity in rats, mice
and rabbits. In one rat study, developmental effects (increased post-
implantation loss) were noted at 15 mg/kg/day (highest dose tested, HOT),
that were also associated with maternal toxicity, while another rat study failed
to observe developmental effects at 15 mg/kg/day. Developmental effects
were also noted at higher doses in mice at 25 mg/kg/day (minor skeletal
15
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variations, delayed ossification and reduced fetal weight and length) and
rabbits at 140 mg/kg/day (decreased fetal weights and crown rump lengths,
and unossified xiphisternum and/or 5th sternebra). However, in both mice
and rabbits, the developmental effects occurred at maternally toxic doses as
indicated by reduced weight gain, and food consumption in both species,
and increased mortality in mouse dams.
In the rat developmental neurotoxicity study, chlorpyrifos was
associated with delayed alterations in brain development in offspring of
exposed mothers. Specifically, pups of the 1 mg/kg/day group exhibited
significant dose- and treatment-related decreases in measurements of the
parietal cortex in female offspring at postnatal day 66. The only maternal
effect at this dose was plasma and RBC ChE inhibition. At higher doses,
pups of the 5 mg/kg/day group exhibited decreased body weight/body
weight gain and food consumption in both sexes, reductions in pup viability,
delays in development, decreased brain weight and morphometric
alterations in the brain. However, these effects were observed in the
presence of maternal toxicity as evidenced by fasciculations, hyperpnea and
hyperactivity, in addition to reduced body weight gain.
Several studies in the peer reviewed literature and results of the
guideline developmental neurotoxicity study are supportive of the possibility
that chlorpyrifos exposure may affect brain development (e.g., altered
synaptic development, alterations in DMA, RNA, and protein synthesis,
inhibition of mitosis and mitotic figures, and disruption of the structural
architecture of the brain) (Whitney et al. 1995, Campbell et al. 1997, Song et
al. 1997, Johnson et al. 1998, Das and Barone 1999, Dam 1999, Roy et al.
1998, Hoberman 1998a,b). There are suggestive data that these effects
may arise independent of cholinesterase inhibition.
3.1.7 Reproductive Toxicity
Chlorpyrifos induced reproductive toxicity in one generation of rats,
but only at dose levels that induced parental toxicity. Reproductive effects
included reduced pup weights and increased pup mortality that
corresponded to slightly but significantly reduced body weight gain in FO
dams during lactation days 1-21, in addition to parental toxicity as evidenced
by inhibition of plasma, RBC and brain cholinesterase activities as well as
histological lesions of the adrenal gland (vacuolation of cells of the zona
fasciculata).
3.1.8 Human Studies
HED has reviewed two human studies conducted with chlorpyrifos
submitted by the registrant (MRID 95175, Accession No. 249203). A third
16
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human study (Kisicki et al. 1999) that evaluated a single dose exposure was
submitted on April 27, 1999 but is an incomplete submission because two
Appendices with critical data were omitted. In the first study (MRID No.
95175; Coulston etal., 1972), male volunteers from Clinton Correctional
Facility (4/dose group) were given daily oral (tablet) doses of 0, 0.014, 0.03,
or 0.1 mg/kg chlorpyrifos technical for 7 weeks, 9 days, 21 days and 28
days, respectively. Significant 36-82% plasma ChE inhibition relative to
baseline was observed after 9 days of treatment with 0.1 mg/kg/day
chlorpyrifos. In addition, one of the four men in the 0.1 mg/kg/day developed
blurred vision, runny nose and a feeling of faintness on day 9. Exposure was
discontinued on day 9 in this dose group however, due to plasma
cholinesterase inhibition that exceeded the study investigator's guideline of
20%-30%. No significant plasma ChE inhibition was observed in the men
exposed to 0.03 mg/kg/day for 21 days or at any other dose that could be
attributed to treatment. No effects on RBC ChE were found at any dose that
could be attributed to treatment. A gradual recovery was observed in
plasma ChE values equaling baseline values by day 25 of the recovery
period. The registrant and study director contend that the clinical signs were
attributed to a cold, and not chlorpyrifos exposure. HED believes that
blurred vision is a typical cholinergic sign of ChE inhibition, and can not be
attributed to a common cold (February 2, 1998 HIARC Report, HED Doc No.
012471). In addition, there is no reason to believe that other clinical signs
would not have appeared if the dosing had continued for 21 or 28 days as it
did for the other groups. While the study director claims that exposure to the
high dose group was discontinued on day 9 because plasma ChE inhibition
was 20-30%, rather than because of concern for the clinical signs, this
reason is inconsistent with the study findings of 46% mean plasma ChE
inhibition following day 6 of treatment in the 0.1 mg/kg/day group, and 41 %
plasma ChE inhibition in one individual on day 3. HED notes that the
relatively long recovery period of 25 days is unusual for plasma ChE, and is
more characteristic of recovery for RBC acetyl ChE inhibition based on the 2
year dog data (McCollister et al. 1971, Kociba et al. 1985).
An acute oral and dermal pharmacokinetic study (Nolan et al. 1982,
Accession No. 249203) dosed six men once with 0.5 mg/kg orally and four
weeks later dosed five of these same men with 5 mg/kg dermally, and one
man with 0.5 mg/kg dermally. No clinical signs or symptoms were observed
in any of the subjects, but unlike the previous study, the primary focus of this
study was pharmacokinetics. Men orally exposed to 0.5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos
exhibited peak plasma ChE inhibition of 64-85%, 12 to 24 hours post-
exposure. Peak RBC ChE inhibition of 11 -52% occurred on post-exposure
day 4. Men dermally exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos exhibited peak
plasma ChE inhibition of 27-45% on day 3, and mean RBC ChE inhibition of
8.6% on day 4. The return of plasma ChE activity to pre-dose levels
required about 30 days. The registrant stated that the inhibition noted on
days 3 and 4 is an analytical artifact based on chlorpyrifos
17
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pharmacokinetics. If this is the case, it raises concerns about the quality and
reliability of the study data. Again, HED notes that the relatively long
recovery period of 30 days is unusual for plasma ChE, and is more
characteristic of recovery for RBC acetyl ChE inhibition based on the 2 year
dog data (McCollister et al. 1971, Kociba et al. 1985). On the basis of
urinary excretion of the 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP) metabolite, the
minimum oral absorption of chlorpyrifos was estimated at 70% and the
minimal dermal absorption at 1 -3%. Because the proportion of the
administered dose metabolized to this pyridinol is unknown, these estimates
are considered minimum values (i.e., absorption could be higher). The
mean pharmacokinetic half-life for 3,5,6-TCP in the urine was approximately
27 hours following both oral and dermal exposure.
As noted previously, data from the two human studies suggest that
humans are as sensitive and possibly more sensitive than animals based on
plasma ChE inhibition and possible clinical signs. For example, in animals
(rats), the acute oral (single dose) NOAEL is 0.5 mg/kg/day, while humans
exposed to a single oral 0.5 mg/kg/day dose exhibited 64-85% plasma ChE
inhibition. Based on an overall assessment of the plasma and RBC ChE
inhibition data, the HIARC identified an animal NOAEL and LOAEL of 0.03
mg/kg/day and 0.22-0.3 mg/kg/day, respectively for longer term exposures
(several months), while humans exposed to 0.1 mg/kg/day for only 9 days
exhibited 36-82% plasma ChE inhibition and possible clinical signs (blurred
vision). The short-term dermal NOAEL in rats is 5 mg/kg/day based on
plasma and RBC ChE inhibition observed at 10 mg/kg/day, while humans
exposed dermally for one day to 5 mg/kg/day exhibited 27-45% plasma ChE
inhibition. For all endpoints based on rat data, it is likely that this sensitivity
can be attributed to species differences in plasma ChE between the rat and
humans. For example, in rats, plasma ChE consists of approximately a
60:40 ratio of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase
(BuChE), while in most humans and dogs, plasma ChE is predominately as
BuChE, which is more sensitive to inhibition than AChE.
3.1.9 Metabolism/Pharmacokinetic Studies.
In the rat, chlorpyrifos is excreted primarily in the urine (84%) with
lesser amounts excreted in the feces (5%) within 72 hours. The metabolism
of chlorpyrifos was extensive, and no unchanged parent compound was
found in the urine. The major urinary metabolites were 3,5,6-TCP, as well as
glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of TCP.
As noted previously, in humans (adult males) approximately 70% of
chlorpyrifos is excreted in the urine as TCP within 5 days following acute oral
exposure, and the minimum dermal absorption is 1 to 3% (Nolan et al. 1982,
Accession No. 249203). The mean pharmacokinetic half-life for 3,5,6-TCP
in the urine was approximately 27 hours following both oral and dermal
18
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exposure.
19
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3.1.10 Sensitivity/Susceptibility of the Young
A number of studies published in the scientific literature have also
been considered by the Agency and are discussed in the Hazard
Identification and Assessment Review Committee (HIARC) April 6, 2000
report (HED No. 014088), February 2, 1998 report (HED No. 012471) and
December 7, 1998 report (HED No. 013004). Summaries of several of
these studies are presented in the attached Toxicology Chapter
memorandum from D. Smegal to M. Hartman, April 18, 2000, D263892, and
in the report "Chlorpyrifos Children's Hazard: Sensitivity and Susceptibility"
March 28, 2000, HED No. 014074 (which is an appendix to the April 6, 2000
HIARC report). The HIARC concluded that there is sufficient evidence in the
scientific literature to suggest that exposure to chlorpyrifos results in
increased sensitivity and susceptibility to neonates as compared to adult
rats. The Weight of Evidence Characterization and Conclusions of the
"Chlorpyrifos Children's Hazard: Sensitivity and Susceptibility" document
(March 28, 2000, HED No. 014074) are presented in Appendix A.
3.1.11 Paraoxonase
Chlorpyrifos, and some other organophosphate (OP) compounds, are
detoxified via a two-step pathway involving bioactivation of the parent
compound to an oxon by the cytochrome P450 systems, and then hydrolysis
of the resulting oxon compounds by esterases such as liver or serum
paraoxonase (PON1) (located in the plasma) (Davies et al. 1996, Furlong et
al. 1998, Shih et al. 1998). In the human population, serum PON1 activity is
genetically determined (polymorphic) and individuals express widely
different levels of this enzyme (Davies et al. 1996). Therefore, it is possible
that some individuals may be more sensitive to chlorpyrifos toxicity based on
genetic factors that regulate serum PON1 activity resulting in a reduced
capacity to detoxify chlorpyrifos-oxon. Paraoxonase data were collected for
individuals in a recent single dose human study (Kisicki et al. 1999). HED
will evaluate these data once they are submitted to the Agency.
In animals, there is evidence that serum paraoxonase is protective
against poisoning by OPs. Animals with low PON1 levels were more
sensitive to specific OP compounds than animals with high enzyme levels.
For example, birds, which have very low to undetectable PON1 activity are
more sensitive than various mammals to the acute toxicity of oxons for other
OPs (paraoxon, diazinon oxon and pirimiphos oxon). Further rabbits, which
have a sevenfold higher serum PON1 activity than rats, are more resistant to
the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos (approximately 9 and 25 fold for acute oral
and dermal toxicity, respectively). Rabbit paraoxonase hydrolyzes
chlorpyrifos-oxon with a much higher turnover number than does rat
paraoxonase (Costa et al. 1999, Li et al. 1993).
20
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3.2 Acute Toxicity
Chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic following acute oral, dermal and inhalation
exposures, and is classified in toxicity category II for all three routes of exposure for
rats. The oral LD50 values for technical chlorpyrifos are higher in rats (223 mg/kg)
than mice (62.5 mg/kg, toxicity category II) or chicks (32 mg/kg, toxicity category 1).
Female rats are more sensitive (i.e., lower LD50) than male rats for both technical
chlorpyrifos and formulated products. Guinea pigs and rabbits are less sensitive to
acute toxicity than rats as noted by the oral LD50 values of 504 mg/kg and 1000-
2000 mg/kg, respectively (both category III), and the rabbit dermal LD50 value of
>5000 mg/kg (category IV). Chlorpyrifos was not acutely neurotoxic when given to
hens at a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg (the LD50), 100 or 110 mg/kg. In rats, the
LC50 was greater than 0.2 mg/L (or 200 mg/m3), which is normally assigned toxicity
category II. This study is classified as Supplementary because only nominal
concentrations were measured. Acute toxicity values and categories for the
technical grade of chlorpyrifos are summarized in the following table.
Table 1. Acute Toxicity Results for Technical Chlorpyrifos
STUDY
Acute Oral LD^ - rat
Acute Dermal LDg, - rat
Acute Dermal LDg, - rabbit
Acute Inhalation LCg,; rat
Supplementary
Eye Irritation - rabbit
Dermal Irritation - rabbit
Dermal Sensitization - guinea pig
Acute Delayed Neurotoxicity in hens
MRID Number
44209101
Accession No.
112115
44209102
001 46507 and
Accession No.
257590
44209103
44209104
44209105
00097144
00405106
RESULTS
223 mg/kg M&F
202 mg/kg
>5000 mg/kg
LC50 > 0.2 mg/L (200
mg/m3) (nominal
concentration)
slight irritation
resolved within 24
hours
mild irritant; (irritation
resolved within 7
days)
non-sensitizing
not neurotoxic at 50,
1 00 or 1 1 0 mg/kg
CATEGORY
II
II
IV
II
IV
IV
NA
NA
NA = not applicable
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3.3 FQPA Considerations
In March 1999, the FQPA Safety Factor Committee (SFC) recommended
that an FQPA safety factor was needed due to concern for increased sensitivity
seen at high doses in a literature study comparing adults and neonates, and for the
qualitative increased susceptibility occurring at the high dose in the developmental
neurotoxicity study. Nonetheless, the FQPA safety factor was reduced to 3X
because of lack of data addressing whether or not these differences would also
occur at lower doses. A re-evaluation of this recommendation was conducted by
the FQPA SFC on January 24, 2000. The new evaluation was undertaken in order
to consider the possible impact of new hazard information received in the last year
(Slotkin 1999, Zheng et al. 2000). At the January 24th meeting, however, the
Committee members were unable to reach consensus on the safety factor
recommendation. Subsequently, arguments for retention of the safety factor at 10X
or reduction of the safety factor to 3X were presented, with supporting information
for review, to the OPP Division Directors and several Agency senior scientists at a
February 7, 2000 meeting. The Division Directors and senior scientists (DD-SS
group), recommended that the FQPA safety factor should be retained at 10X for
the protection of infants and children to exposure resulting from chlorpyrifos. The
details of this decision are presented in the attached memo from B. Tarplee 4/4/00
HED Doc No. 014077. The DD-SS group recommended that a 10X safety factor
be retained for chlorpyrifos due to:
In February 2000, new data (Zheng et al. 2000, Hoberman 1998a,b)
demonstrated that the increased sensitivity and susceptibility was not only a high
dose phenomenon since:
increased sensitivity following a single oral exposure to neonates was seen
at substantially lower doses (Zheng et al. 2000, in press); and
a clear qualitative difference in response (i.e., susceptibility) between adult
rats and their offspring was demonstrated in the developmental neurotoxicity
(DNT) study (cholinesterase inhibition in dams versus structural effects on
developing brain of the offspring) (Hoberman 1998a,b).
New data in the literature also gave rise to uncertainties such as:
the suggestion that the inhibition of cholinesterase may not be essential for
adverse effects on brain development; and
the lack of an offspring NOAEL in the DNT based upon structural alterations
in brain development as the toxicity endpoint of concern.
Therefore, the DD-SS group concluded that their evaluation of the available hazard
and exposure databases for chlorpyrifos, including the information received and
22
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reviewed in the past year, results in an overall higher degree of concern regarding
the potential consequences of chlorpyrifos exposure to infants and children than
was determined during the FQPA safety factor evaluation in March 1999.
Consequently, they recommended that the FQPA safety factor should be Retained
at 10X for the protection of infants and children to exposure resulting from the use of
chlorpyrifos.
The FQPA SFC determined that the FQPA safety factor would be applicable
to Females 13-50 and Infants and Children population subgroups for all
exposure durations:
Acute Dietary Assessment - The FQPA safety factor is applicable for Females 13-
50 and Infants and Children population subgroups due to the concern that adverse
effects could result from a single exposure to chlorpyrifos (as demonstrated in
several open literature studies including Zheng et al.).
Chronic Dietary Assessment - The FQPA safety factor is applicable for Females
13-50 and Infants and Children population subgroups due to the concern that
potential adverse effects could result from repeated exposure to chlorpyrifos (as
demonstrated, for example, in the developmental neurotoxicity study in rats).
Residential and other Non-occupational Exposure Assessment - The FQPA safety
factor is applicable for Females 13-50 and the Infants and Children population
subgroups for all exposure durations due to the adverse effects resulting from single
or repeated exposure(s) to this organophosphate insecticide in or around
residential (non-occupational) settings.
3.4 Endpoint Selection
It is current Agency policy that a regulatory decision can not be made based
on a human study until a formal decision has been made concerning the ethical
aspects of such use. The ethics decision regarding the use of toxicology studies
employing human subjects has not yet been made. Therefore, the Agency selected
doses and endpoints to calculate dietary and non-dietary risk in the current
assessment based solely on animal studies.
There are three human studies available for chlorpyrifos, however one of
these studies is an incomplete submission (Kisicki et al. 1999). The HED HIARC
met on January 5, 1999 to evaluate the scientific quality of the two human studies
which were the basis of the previous RfDs and dermal and inhalation risk
assessment endpoints. This re-evaluation was initiated because of a joint Science
Advisory Panel/Science Advisory Board (SAP/SAB) meeting held in December
1998 that discussed issues surrounding the scientific and ethical concerns for
human toxicity testing. The HIARC committee concluded that both human studies
(Coulston et al. 1972 MRID No. 00095175, Nolan et al. 1982, MRID No. 00249203)
23
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provided useful scientific information that can be used as supportive data along with
the results of animal studies. However, these studies alone are not sufficient for
endpoint selection or use in risk assessment primarily because of the small sample
size (n=4-6/dose group), evaluation of only adult males (when females tend to be
more sensitive), insufficient information on study protocol, and lack of control for
confounding factors. In addition, the Nolan et al. (1982) pharmacokinetic study only
tested one dose level. Furthermore, the registrant contends that the plasma and
RBC ChE activity data results on day 3 and 4 of the Nolan et al. (1982) study are
analytical artifacts, which raises concerns about the quality and reliability of the
study data.
The HIARC met on February 2, 1999 and re-assessed the toxicology
database to select toxicology endpoints based on animal studies for dietary and
non-dietary exposure risk assessments. On January 20, 2000, and March 28, 2000
the Committee re-convened to address issues raised during the Phase 3 public
comment period. The Committees decisions are presented in the attached HIARC
memorandum dated April 6, 2000 (D. Smegal to S. Knizner, HED Doc No.
014088). The doses and toxicological endpoints selected for various exposure
scenarios based on animal toxicity studies with chlorpyrifos are summarized in
Table 2.
24
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Table 2
Summary of Doses and Endpoints Selected for Chlorpyrifos Risk Assessment
EXPOSURE
SCENARIO
DOSE
(mg/kg/day)
ENDPOINT
STUDY
Target MOE
for Workers
Target MOE for
Non-Occupational
Acute Dietary
NOAEL=0.5
UF=100
FQPA=10
(infants,children and
females 13-50)
Significant (28-40%) plasma
cholinesterase inhibition at
peak time of inhibition (3-6
hours post exposure) at 1
mg/kg (Mendrala and Brzak
1998).
Significant 30% RBC ChE
inhibition 4 hours post
exposure to 1.5 mg/kg/day
(Zheng etal. 2000).
Acute Blood Time Course
Study in male rats
(Mendrala and Brzak
1998) with support from
Zheng etal. (2000)
NR
NR
Acute RfD =0.005 mg/kg/day
Acute PAD (children and females 13-50) = 0.0005 or 5x10"" mg/kg/day
Acute PAD (general population) = 0.005 or 5x10"3 mg/kg/day
Chronic Dietary
NOAEL= 0.03
UF=100
FQPA=10
(infants,children and
females 13-50)
Significant plasma and RBC
cholinesterase inhibition at
0.22 to 0.3 mg/kg/day
Weight of Evidence from
5 studies:
2 year dog
90 day dog
2 year rat
90 day rat
developmental
neurotoxicity (DNT) study
(at 2 weeks)
NR
NR
Chronic RfD =0.0003 mg/kg/day
Chronic PAD (children and females 13-50) =0.00003 or 3x10'5 mg/kg/day
Chronic PAD (general population) =0.0003 or 3x10"4 mg/kg/day
Short-Term
(Dermal)
Dermal
NOAEL =5
Absorbed
Dermal NOAEL = 0.15
(for biomonitoring) (a)
Plasma and RBC
cholinesterase inhibition of 45
and 16%, respectively at 10
mg/kg/day after 4 days. (Dermal
absorption factor not necessary
for administered dermal
NOAEL)
21-day dermal rat study
100
1000 (infants,children
and females 13-50)
100 (males)
25
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Table 2
Summary of Doses and Endpoints Selected for Chlorpyrifos Risk Assessment
EXPOSURE
SCENARIO
Intermediate- and
Long-Term
(Dermal)
Short-, and
1 ntermed late-Term
(Inhalation)
Long-Term
(Inhalation)
DOSE
(mg/kg/day)
Oral
NOAEL=0.03(3%
dermal absorption)
Inhalation
NOAEL=
0.1
Oral
NOAEL=
0.03
(assume inhalation
absorption is 100% of
oral absorption)
ENDPOINT
Significant plasma and RBC
cholinesterase inhibition at
0.22 to 0.3 mg/kg/day
Lack of effects in 2 rat
inhalation studies at the
highest dose tested; 43%
plasma and 41% RBC
cholinesterase inhibition
following oral doses of 0.3
mg/kg/day for 2 weeks in the
DNT study
Significant plasma and RBC
cholinesterase inhibition at
0.22 to 0.3 mg/kg/day
STUDY
Weight of Evidence from
5 studies:
2 year dog
90 day dog
2 year rat
90 day rat
DNT study (at 2 weeks)
Two 90 day rat inhalation
studies (NOAEL) and
DNT (LOAEL )
Weight of Evidence from
5 studies:
2 year dog
90 day dog
2 year rat
90 day rat
DNT (at 2 weeks)
Target MOE
for Workers
100
100
100
Target MOE for
Non-Occupational
1000 (infants, children
and females 13-50)
100 (males)
1000 (infants, children
and females 13-50)
100 (males)
1000 (infants, children
and females 13-50)
100 (males)
RBC = red blood cell
NR = not relevant
UF = Uncertainty Factor
MOE = Margin of Exposure
PAD = Population Adjusted Dose (includes UF and FQPA safety factor)
(a) Use absorbed dermal NOAEL of 0.15 mg/kg/day (5 mg/kg/day* 0.03 dermal absorption factor) for comparison with absorbed biomonitoring exposure.
26
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3.5 Endocrine Disrupter Effects
The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA; 1996) requires that EPA develop a
screening program to determine whether certain substances (including all
pesticides and inerts) "may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect
produced by a naturally occurring estrogen, or such other endocrine effect...." EPA
has been working with interested stakeholders, including other government
agencies, public interest groups, industry and research scientists to develop a
screening and testing program as well as a priority setting scheme to implement
this program. The Agency's proposed Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program
was published in the Federal Register of December 28, 1998 (63 FR71541). The
Program uses a tiered approach and anticipates issuing a Priority List of chemicals
and mixtures for Tier 1 screening in the year 2000. As the Agency proceeds with
implementation of this program, further testing of chlorpyrifos and its end-use
products for endocrine effects may be required.
4.0 Exposure Assessment
4.1 Summary of Registered Uses
Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum, organophosphate insecticide that was first
registered in 1965 to control foliage- and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of
food and feed crops. It is one of the most widely used organophosphate
insecticides in the U.S. and is one of the major insecticides used in residential
settings. There are approximately 822 registered products containing chlorpyrifos
on the market (REFs 9/14/99). Registered uses include: a wide variety of food
crops (i.e., there are approximately 112 tolerances for food and/or feed
commodities such as citrus, vegetable crops, tree fruits, etc); turf and ornamental
plants; greenhouses; sodfarms; indoor pest control products (e.g., crack and
crevice); structural pest control (e.g., termites); and in pet collars. Indoor uses
include residential and commercial buildings, schools, daycare centers, hotels,
restaurants and other food handling establishments, hospitals, stores, warehouses,
food manufacturing plants, vehicles, livestock premises, and mushroom houses. In
addition, it is used as an adult mosquitocide and is registered for ear tag treatment
of cattle (beef and lactating and non-lactating dairy). Chlorpyrifos products are
widely used by both homeowners and LCOs/PCOs.
BEAD estimates that the annual total domestic usage of chlorpyrifos is
approximately 21 to 24 million pounds ai for 8 million acres treated in the U.S.
Approximately 11 million pounds are applied annually in non-agricultural settings
(i.e., residences, schools, golf courses, parks). Chlorpyrifos has the largest
agricultural market in terms of total pounds ai allocated to corn (26%). The largest
non-agricultural markets in terms of total pounds ai applied are PCOs, termite
control (24%), and turf (12%). Crops with a high average percentage of their total
27
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U.S. planted acres treated include brussel sprouts (73%), cranberries (46%),
apples (44%), broccoli (41%) and cauliflower (31%).
Comprehensive lists of chlorpyrifos end-use products (EPs) and of use
patterns with food/feed uses which are subject to re-registration appear are
summarized in the Revised Product and Residue Chapter (Memorandum from S.
Kniznerto M. Hartman, June 2000).
The formulations registered for use on food and feed crops include the
granular (G), wettable powder (WP), impregnated material (Impr), dry flowable
(DF), and emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Dry flowable and wettable powder in
open bags are not assessed and no longer are eligible for re-registration. These
formulations may be applied as foliar, bark, seed, and soil-incorporated band or
broadcast treatments using ground, sprinkler irrigation, or aerial equipment. The
different crop growth stages or timings as to when chlorpyrifos formulations may be
applied are dormant, delayed dormant, preplant, at-planting, transplanting,
postplant, post-transplant, preemergence, and postemergence. The impregnated
material formulation is registered for ear tag use on cattle. The chlorpyrifos
formulations registered for food-handling establishments include the
microencapsulated (Mcap), emulsifiable concentrate, and liquid ready-to-use (RTU)
and soluble concentrate (SC/L) [Source: REFS 9/99].
4.2 Dietary Exposure
OPP has determined that TCP is not of toxicological concern and can be
excluded from the tolerance expression because it does not inhibit cholinesterase
(PP3F2884 and 3F2947 and FAP3H5396 and 3H5411 /R1191, Final Rule,
D.Barolo, 4/1/93). The conclusions specified in the "Tolerance Reassessment
Summary" section of the Revised Product and Residue Chemistry Chapter
(Memorandum from S. Kniznerto M. Hartman, June 2000) reflect this decision and
recommendation to consider only chlorpyrifos perse as the residue of concern.
HED conducted a screening-level TCP assessment (memorandum from S. Knizner
to D. Smegal, June 5, 2000, D265035).
4.2.1 Residue Chemistry Data Requirements
Plant and Animal Metabolism. The qualitative nature of the residue in plants
and animals is adequately understood based on acceptable metabolism
studies with a cereal grain (corn), a root and tuber vegetable (sugar beets),
and acceptable poultry and ruminant metabolism studies. The residue of
concern in plants and animals is chlorpyrifos perse. There are presently no
direct application uses of chlorpyrifos on meat- and milk-producing animals,
except for ear tag treatment of cattle (beef and lactating and non-lactating
dairy).
28
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Residue Analytical Methods - Plants and Animals. The requirements for
residue analytical methods are fulfilled for purposes of re-registration. In
consideration of HED's decision to regulate only the parent chlorpyrifos,
acceptable methods are available for enforcement and data collection
purposes. The behavior of chlorpyrifos using FDA's multi residue protocols
has also been investigated and reported.
Storage Stability. The requirements for storage stability data are fulfilled for
purposes of reregistration. Acceptable storage stability studies have been
conducted on representative oil seeds, non-oily grains, root crops, fruits and
fruiting vegetables, and low moisture content forage and hay. Additional
studies have also been conducted to investigate the frozen stability of
chlorpyrifos in selected processed food/feed commodities and in animal
tissues and milk.
Magnitude of the Residue. The reregistration requirements for magnitude of
the residue in plants (crop field trials and processed food/feed commodities)
are fulfilled for the majority of crops. There are minor data gaps for
asparagus, corn, cotton, crops grown solely for seed (clover and grasses),
mint, peppers, sorghum, tomatoes, tree nut group and wheat. The
reregistration requirements for magnitude of the residue in food-handling
establishments are fulfilled. Sufficient data exist to determine that when
registered formulations are used according to label directions, no detectable
residues (<0.01 -<0.025 ppm) are likely to occur in food items. Bait and
insecticidal strip uses would not result in residues greater than those
resulting from spray applications. Therefore, the outstanding data are
considered confirmatory.
The reregistration requirements for magnitude of the residue in
animals are fulfilled. There are presently no registered direct application
uses of chlorpyrifos on livestock animals except for ear tag treatment of
cattle (beef and lactating and non-lactating dairy). An acceptable residue
transfer study of chlorpyrifos to milk and cream from dairy cows wearing
chlorpyrifos-impregnated tags has been submitted; data from this study
indicate that residues in whole milk and fat resulting from ear tag use should
not be a significant fraction of the residues resulting from intake of animal
feeds containing chlorpyrifos. Cattle and poultry feeding studies have been
evaluated and found adequate to satisfy feeding study requirements.
Confined/Field Rotational Crops. Provided that the Registrant modifies all
labels for its chlorpyrifos containing products to limit application to 5 Ib
ai/A/season on those crops where rotation to another crop could occur (as
was stated in their letter to the Agency dated 8/12/94), HED will not require
field rotational crop studies. Furthermore, a 30 day plant back interval for
rotational crops would then be appropriate.
29
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4.3 Dietary Exposure (Food Source)
As noted previously, chlorpyrifos is registered for use on a wide variety of
food crops, and has approximately 112 tolerances for food and/or feed
commodities (which translates to approximately 700 food forms in the dietary
analysis). Food uses evaluated in this analysis were those reflected by the
established tolerances in/on raw agricultural, animal, and processed food/feed
commodities for chlorpyrifos as listed in 40 CFR §180.342. Food handling
establishment (FHE) tolerances were also included as cited in 40 CFR §185.1000
for the chronic dietary analysis (i.e., as a result of the registered use in FHE, all
foods have an established tolerance of 0.1 ppm, unless they are covered by higher
tolerances). The tolerances published for chlorpyrifos under 40 CFR §180.342,
185.1000 and 186.1000 have been reassessed (HED Revised Product and
Residue Chemistry Chapter, memorandum from S. Kniznerto M. Hartman, June
2000). The established tolerances in/on raw agricultural, animal, and processed
food/feed commodities are expressed either in terms of the combined residues of
chlorpyrifos and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) or as chlorpyrifos
perse. HED has determined that TCP is not of toxicological concern and
concluded that TCP can be excluded from the tolerance expression. Reassessed
tolerances are in terms of chlorpyrifos perse. Thus, for purposes of this analysis,
only residues of chlorpyrifos perse were considered, when data were available.
Whenever possible, data for anticipated residues (ARs) reflect levels of chlorpyrifos
perse. HED has conducted a screening-level risk assessment for TCP, which is in
the attached memorandum from S. Kniznerto D. Smegal, D265035 June 5, 2000.
Highly refined acute and chronic dietary exposure assessments were
conducted using the Dietary Exposure and Evaluation Model (DEEM™) system.
DEEM can be used to estimate exposure to residues in foods comprising the diets
of the U.S. population, including population subgroups. The software contains food
consumption data from the USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals
(CFSII) from 1989-1992. For chronic dietary risk assessments, the 3-day average
of the consumption data for each sub-population is combined with average
residues in commodities to determine the average exposure in mg/kg/day. For
acute dietary risk assessment, the entire distribution of single day food
consumption events is combined with a distribution of residues (probabilistic
analysis, referred to as "Monte Carlo") to obtain a distribution of exposures in
mg/kg/day.
For chlorpyrifos, inputs to the DEEM analysis include DAS' National Food
Survey (NFS, 1993 -1994), U.S. Department of Agriculture's Pesticide Data
Program (POP) monitoring data (1994-1999), the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) Surveillance Monitoring Program data (1992-1998), and to a much lesser
extent, field trial residue data. Percent crop treated data were supplied by the
Biological and Economic Analysis Division (Quantitative Usage Analysis for
Chlorpyrifos dated 3/30/00). Where percent crop treated estimates indicated no
30
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chlorpyrifos use, a default minimum assumption of 1 % crop treated was applied. In
general, when residues on commodities were nondetectable, one-half the limit of
detection (LOD) was assumed. All available processing and cooking factors were
incorporated into the dietary exposure analysis.
At their own initiative, DAS conducted a market basket survey (NFS), with
samples collected from the Fall of 1993 to the Fall of 1994, to better determine the
dietary exposure of consumers to chlorpyrifos. The results of this survey have been
reviewed by HED (L. Cheng, 5/19/98, D217707). Samples of fresh apple,
applesauce, apple juice, orange juice, peanut butter, whole milk, ground beef and
pork sausage were collected from grocery stores located in the 48 contiguous
states; for fresh tomatoes, sampling was conducted in Florida only over a period of
9 months, because the domestic use of chlorpyrifos was restricted to Florida at the
time of sampling. Approximately 200 samples were collected for each commodity,
except for tomatoes, where 55 samples were collected. The nine food items were
selected because of their significant contributions to dietary exposure in general
(and in infants and children), and the potential for high residues based on modes of
application and the percentage of crop treated. The apple and tomato samples
were composite samples consisting of six apples and four tomatoes, respectively.
The Reference Dose (RfD) is derived from an exposure level at which there
are no statistically or biologically significant increases in the frequency or severity of
adverse effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control, along
with the application of uncertainty factors. The percent of the RfD is calculated as
the ratio of the exposure value to the RfD (exposure/RfD x 100 = % RfD). The
population adjusted dose (PAD) is the adjusted RfD reflecting the application of the
FQPA safety factor. The FQPA safety factor for females and children is 10X, for all
other populations subgroups it is 1X. For females and children, the population
adjusted doses for acute and chronic dietary risk assessment are 0.0005
mg/kg/day and 0.00003 mg/kg/day, respectively. For all other population
subgroups, the population adjusted doses for acute and chronic dietary risk
assessment are 0.005 mg/kg/day and 0.0003 mg/kg/day, respectively. Exposures
less than 100% of the PAD do not exceed HED's level of concern.
4.3.1 Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment
The HED probabilistic acute dietary exposure estimates used POP,
and FDA monitoring data to the greatest extent possible, in conjunction with
the DAS's NFS data for all commodities included in the survey except
apples and tomatoes. NFS data were used for milk, apple juice,
applesauce, orange juice, ground beef, pork sausage, and peanut butter. A
summary of the acute dietary analysis can be found in the attached
memorandum from D. Soderberg to M. Hartman, June, 2000, D263890.
Three data sets are available for estimating residues on fresh apples:
POP data for analysis of individual single apples; POP "decomposited"
31
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apple data; and NFS "decomposited" apple data. Use of each of these
three data sets for fresh apples leads to a different exposure estimate. The
dietary exposure analysis has been performed using all commodities having
chlorpyrifos uses and each of the apple data sets separately: POP data for
single apples; POP "decomposited" apple data; and NFS "decomposited"
apple data.
In 1999 POP collected data on residues of chlorpyrifos on individual
single apples. A total of 377 single apple samples were analyzed. Of these,
75 (20%) had measurable chlorpyrifos residues, ranging from 0.005 to 0.54
ppm. In an acute exposure analysis, results of analyses on single items of
produce for a non-blended food are generally preferable to analyses of
composite samples because they can be used without decompositing.
During 1994 -1997, POP also collected a total of 1908 composite
apple samples, of which 425 samples (22%) had measurable chlorpyrifos
residues, ranging from the % LOD for each laboratory (average 0.0026 ppm)
to 0.4 ppm. Because fresh apples are considered to be a non-blended
commodity, these results were decomposited using the Allender method
(Allender, H. "Use of the Pesticide Data Program (POP) in Acute Dietary
Assessment", August 1998) to estimate single serving acute exposure.
DAS also submitted a market basket survey for fresh apples. All
composite samples were collected from Fall 1993 - Fall 1994. There were
200 composite samples in this survey. A total of 68 samples (34%) had
measurable chlorpyrifos residues, ranging from the LOD of 0.001 to 0.052
ppm.
Other programs have also analyzed fresh apples for chlorpyrifos. The
FDA Surveillance Monitoring Program analyzed 1152 fresh apples
(composites) between 1993 -1998. FDA found 151 (13%) samples with
measurable residues, ranging from 0.0005 ppm to 0.31 ppm.
FDA Total Diet Study (TDS) data are also available for chlorpyrifos,
and in the case of apples these data also support use of the POP data for
risk assessment purposes. Measurable residues of chlorpyrifos (> 0.001
ppm) were found in apples for 14 of the 18 TDS surveys conducted from
1991 to 1997. Residues ranged from less than 0.001 ppm to 0.103 ppm,
with a mean value of 0.012 ppm. Samples analyzed in the TDS are
purchased at grocery stores and prepared according to standard consumer
practices prior to analysis (in the case of apples this means washing).
Samples are broadly composited in that composites are formed from
samples purchased in three different cities from a given geographic region.
In summation, the maximum residue level found on composite apples
in the NFS data is less than the maximum found in all other monitoring
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programs, including the IDS, which most closely approximates NFS
sampling.
NFS data on fresh tomatoes were submitted. However, only 54
samples were collected and all samples were from FL. More extensive and
recent data for fresh tomatoes are available from POP (881 samples,
collected in 1996 and 1997). As was the case for apples, the highest
reported detectable residue in the POP data (0.31 ppm) was greater than
that reported in the NFS data (0.0565 ppm). POP monitoring data also
reflect the use of chlorpyrifos on imported fresh tomatoes (a significant
source of fresh tomatoes). Therefore the POP fresh tomato residue data
were used exclusively in all analyses. For commercially processed tomato
commodities, POP data were used but data obtained from FL grown
tomatoes and fresh imported tomatoes were excluded, as these tomatoes
are not used for processing. Appropriate processing residue reduction
factors were incorporated for tomato juice, puree, catsup, and paste.
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Exposure (consumption x residues) was compared to the acute
population adjusted doses (aPAD) of 0.0005 mg/kg/day for children and
females and 0.005 mg/kg/day for all other populations. The acute dietary
risk analysis estimates the distribution of single day exposures for the overall
U.S. population and certain subgroups. The analysis evaluates exposure to
the chemical for each food commodity.
Table 3 summarizes the acute probabilistic dietary risk estimates for
the U.S. Population and most highly exposed sub-populations. At the 99.9th
percentile exposure, risk estimates based on the POP single apple data, the
decomposited POP apple data, and/or the decomposited NFS apple data,
were greater than 100% of the aPAD for the following population subgroups:
all infants less than one-year old; children 1-6 years old; and children 7-12
years old. Children 1 -6 years old were the most highly exposed population
subgroup, regardless of which data set is used for fresh apples. For children
1 -6 years old, risk estimates ranged from 170% to 355% of the aPAD
depending on which fresh apple data set was used. Use of PDP's 1999
single apple data resulted in the highest exposure estimates. Use of the
decomposited NFS fresh apple data resulted in the lowest exposure
estimates.
Because the POP single apple data are the most recent and do not
require decompositing, these data are expected to provide the most reliable
exposure and risk estimates. However, no matter which of the three data
sets is used for fresh apples, the critical exposure commodity (CEC)
analysis indicated that residues on fresh apples were the major contributor
to dietary exposure estimates for children 1-6 years old at the 99.9th
percentile exposure. Residues on whole tomatoes and grapes were the next
major contributors to exposure.
Various risk reduction measures were examined to reduce acute
dietary exposure and risk estimates. As was previously noted, fresh apples,
fresh grapes and fresh tomatoes were the major contributors to acute dietary
exposure for children 1-6 years old, the highest exposed subpopulation.
Risk estimates could be reduced to less than 100% of the aPAD for children
1 -6 years old only with mitigated exposure for all three of these commodities.
To mitigate exposure from fresh apples, the effect of deleting the late
season foliar applications was examined. Currently, chlorpyrifos can be
applied to apple trees when they are dormant or later in the season as a
foliar treatment (up to 8 applications, with 21 days between the final two
applications, and a 28 day PHI). In contrast to apples, chlorpyrifos can only
be applied to pear trees as a dormant/delayed dormant application. POP
monitoring data are available for analysis of single pears. In the dietary
exposure assessment, these data were translated to apples to determine
the effect of deleting the apple foliar applications. Using this comparison,
34
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residues on apples as a result of the dormant spray application are
expected to be non-detectable (i.e., not expected to exceed 0.01 ppm). As
part of risk mitigation, the tolerance for apples will be reassessed at 0.01
ppm, reflecting retention of only the pre-bloom application.
An examination of the POP monitoring data for fresh grapes
indicated that imported samples contained higher residues than domestic
grapes. The current domestic use pattern limits application to a directed
spray soil treatment to the base of dormant vines. Residues as a result of
this application scenario are expected to be non-detectable (i.e., not exceed
0.01 ppm). The higher residues found on imported samples are most likely
arising from later season foliar applications. As part of risk mitigation, the
tolerance grapes will be reassessed at 0.01 ppm, reflecting the current
domestic use pattern.
For tomatoes, POP monitoring data again indicated that samples
containing high residues were from imported fresh tomatoes. Chlorpyrifos is
currently registered for use only in Florida (the state with the largest domestic
production of fresh tomatoes) and Georgia. Information obtained from
grower groups in FL indicates that chlorpyrifos is not used. Therefore, to
mitigate dietary exposure the chlorpyrifos use on tomatoes will be deleted
(i.e., tolerances revoked).
Based on these mitigation measures, risk estimates for all population
subgroups are less than 100% of the aPAD as shown on Table 3. Children
1-6 years old remain the most highly exposed sub-population at 82% of the
aPAD.
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Table 3
Summary of Chlorpyrifos Acute Dietary Probabilistic Exposure
and Risk Analysis (99.9th percentile)
Population
Subgroup
US
Population
All Infants
(< 1 year old)
Children
1-6 years old
Children
7-1 2 years
old
Females 13-
50 years old
Males 20+
years old
POP single apple
monitoring data from
1999
Exposure
(mg/kg/day)
0.000790
0.000648
0.001779
0.001288
0.000635
0.000580
%
aPAD
(a)
16
130
355
258
127
12
"decomposited" POP
monitoring results
for apples collected
from 1994-1997
Exposure
(mg/kg/day)
0.000602
0.000548
0.001247
0.000939
0.000484
0.000456
%
aPAD
(a)
12
110
250
190
97
9.1
"decomposited" Assuming
NFS monitoring Risk Mitigation
results for apples (apples, tomatoes
collected from and grapes)
1993-1994
Exposure
(mg/kg/day)
0.000453
0.000517
0.000855
0.000607
0.000375
0.000359
% Exposure
aPAD (mg/kg/day)
(a)
9.1
100
170
120
75
7.2
0.000240
0.000258
0.000410
0.000319
0.000201
0.000205
%
aPAD
(a)
4.8
52
82
64
40
4.1
(a) The acute population adjusted dose (aPAD) is 0.0005 mg/kg/day for females and children
and 0.005 mg/kg/day for all other sub-populations. Values rounded to two significant figures.
The uncertainties in the acute dietary exposure estimates are
discussed below following the chronic dietary exposure assessment
discussion.
4.3.2 Chronic Dietary Exposure Assessment
A refined chronic exposure analysis was performed using the DEEM
™ exposure modeling software. The input values included the POP, FDA
and DAS' NFS data, in addition to average residues from field trials and
percent of the crop treated information from BEAD. All NFS data available
were used except for fresh apples and tomatoes, for which POP monitoring
data were used. An additional analysis was conducted using NFS data for
apples. Exposure (consumption) was compared to the chronic population
adjusted dose (cPAD) of 0.00003 mg/kg/day for females and 0.0003
mg/kg/day for all other subpopulations. A summary of the residue
information included in this analysis can be found in the attached
memorandum from D. Soderberg to M. Hartman, June, D263889.
36
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As shown in Table 4, for both risk estimates based on POP or NFS
data for fresh apples, the average chronic dietary residue contributions with
or without the food handling establishment use are less than 100% of the
cPAD and thus do not exceed HED's level of concern. Based on POP
monitoring data for fresh apples, without consideration of the food handling
establishment use, the average exposure estimates comprised 3% and 61 %
of the cPAD for the general population and the most highly exposed
subgroup, children 1-6 years old, respectively. The average exposure
estimates including the food handling establishment use comprised 4% and
81 % of the cPAD for the general population and for the most highly exposed
subgroup, children 1-6 years old, respectively.
For the dietary exposure analysis using NFS fresh apple data, dietary
risk estimates ranged from 3% to 57% for the general population and
children 1 -6 years of age, respectively without the food handling
establishment tolerance. With food handling establishment tolerances, the
dietary risk estimates ranged from 3% to 63% for the general population and
children 1-6 years of age, respectively.
The effect of the risk mitigation measures discussed above, on the
chronic dietary risk estimates was examined. Based on the mitigation
measures (i.e., reduction of apple tolerance to 0.01 ppm based on pre-
bloom application, reduction of grape tolerance to 0.01 based on domestic
use pattern, and deletion of the use on tomatoes), chronic dietary risk
estimates were also reduced, as shown on Table 4. Children 1-6 years old
remain the most highly exposed subpopulation, with risk estimates of 51 %
and 36% of the cPAD, including the FHE use or using zero residues for the
FHE use, respectively.
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Table 4
Summary of Chlorpyrifos Chronic Dietary
Exposure Analysis(a)
Population
Subgroup
US
Population
All infants
(< 1 yr)
Children
(1-6 years)
Children
(7-1 2 years)
Females
13-50 years
Estimate w/PDP Apple Data
Excludes Food Includes Food
Handling Handling
Establishment Use Establishment Use
Average
exposure
(• g/kg
BW/day)
0.008
0.007
0.018
0.013
0.006
% Average %
cPAD Exposure cPAD
(•g/kg
BW/day)
3
23
61
45
21
0.012
0.014
0.024
0.018
0.009
4
45
81
59
30
Estimate w/NFS Apple Data
Excludes Food Includes Food
Handling Handling
Establishment Use Establishment Use
Average
exposure
(•g/kg
BW/day)
0.008
0.007
0.017
0.012
0.006
% Average %
cPAD Exposure cPAD
(•g/kg
BW/day)
3
24
57
41
20
0.008
0.008
0.019
0.014
0.006
3
28
63
46
22
Assuming Risk Mitigation
(apples, tomatoes and grapes)
Excludes Food Includes Food
Handling Handling
Establishment Use Establishment Use
Average
exposure
(•g/kg
BW/day)
0.004
0.003
0.009
0.006
0.003
% Average %
cPAD Exposure cPAD
(mg/kg
BW/day)
1.4
11
31
21
11
0.008
0.01
0.015
0.011
0.006
2.5
33
51
36
20
(a) Values based on DEEM output, and are based on non-rounded exposure results.
38
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Uncertainties of Dietary Exposure Estimates
The Agency believes the risk assessment presented is the most
refined to date for acute and chronic dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos.
However, there are some uncertainties associated with these exposure
estimates as follows:
(a) Residues were detected in POP over several years for a number of
commodities that lack chlorpyrifos tolerances (i.e., chlorpyrifos is not
registered for use on these commodities). These include spinach,
squash, and carrots as shown below in Table 5:
Table 5
Commodities with Detected Residues in PDF and Frequently Fed to Children
that Lack Established Chlorpyrifos Tolerances
Commodity
Carrots
Spinach
Squash
Year
1994
1995
1996
1995
1996
1997
1998 (canned)
1997
1998
# Samples
with
Detections
2
6
7
46
26
11
4
4
6
% Samples
with
detections
0.3
0.9
1.4
7.5
5.0
2.1
0.6
1.8
1.1
Minimum
Residue
Detected
(ppm)
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.005
Maximum
Residue
Detected
(ppm)
0.005
0.019
0.074
0.11
0.030
0.026
0.014
0.005
0.022
Residues were also detected in celery (4 samples in 1994, 0.005 -
0.045 ppm), potatoes (1 sample in 1994, 0.024 ppm), and lettuce (1
sample in 1994 at 0.01 ppm).
The FDA Total Diet Study also contains data indicating that
chlorpyrifos residues in/on spinach may occur. Measurable
chlorpyrifos residues have been found on cooked spinach in 10 of 18
market basket surveys (56%) conducted from 1991 to 1997.
These residue results were not included in the Agency's dietary
exposure assessment as they represent misuse of chlorpyrifos.
However, because these violations have occurred over the years,
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excluding them might have under-represented potential dietary
exposure, especially for infants and children. Therefore, an additional
set of dietary exposure assessments have been performed including
results for squash, spinach and carrots - three commodities
frequently fed to infants and children. Celery, lettuce and potatoes
were not included. These additional assessments were not
significantly different from the mitigated acute or chronic dietary
assessments.
(b) The consumption database used in the dietary exposure analysis
(CSFII, 1989-1992) has a limited number of individuals in the age
group infants less than one year old (approximately 100). The USDA
is currently conducting the Supplemental Children's Survey
(approximately 5000 children).
(c) The dietary exposure analyses relied primarily on monitoring data
obtained either "at the farmgate" in the case of FDA or in regional
distribution warehouses for POP data. The NFS results are for
samples obtained at supermarkets, but only represent one year of
data. Residues potentially present on items purchased at roadside
produce stands or farmer's markets are not represented in this
analyses.
(d) The acute dietary analysis does not include FHE use, in accordance
with current policy.
(e) Potential exposure to chlorpyrifos residues from consumption of fish
was not addressed. No tolerances for fish are currently established.
In 1992 the Agency's Office of Water (OW) published a report (EPA
1992) that summarized chlorpyrifos residues found in freshwater fish
in lakes and rivers at that time. The primary focus of the study was
monitoring for dioxin/furan in fish. However, chlorpyrifos residues
were detected in 26% of the 388 sites tested, with median, mean,
and maximum concentrations of non-detect, 4.09, and 344 ppb
respectively. This study indicated that consumption of freshwater fish
(i.e., sport fisherman and their families, or others) could contribute to
dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos. FDA also has monitored farm-
raised fish for chlorpyrifos. Of all fish and crustacean samples tested
between 1992 to 1998, FDA found residues of chlorpyrifos in one
trout (1994) and twelve catfish (four catfish in each year 1992 -1994).
FDA has found no detectable residues of chlorpyrifos in any farm-
raised fish from 1995 to 1998. This is discussed in more detail
below.
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Chlorpyrifos Screening-Level Exposures and Risks from Freshwater
Fish Consumption
In 1992, the EPA Office of Water (OW) published a report that
summarized the chlorpyrifos residues in freshwater fish, and evaluated the
health risks to individuals that consume freshwater fish as part of a National
Screening Assessment (EPA 1992). The results of the EPA OW
Assessment were not included in HED's dietary analysis because of the
screening-level nature of this investigation (i.e., limited fish samples
collected in areas of chlorpyrifos use, and a greater focus on bottom feeding
fish such as carp and white sucker that do not contribute significantly to the
diet). Nevertheless, this study indicates that consumption of freshwater fish
could also contribute to the dietary exposures and risks of chlorpyrifos for
sports fisherman and their families. The results of this assessment are
presented below.
In the OW study, game and bottom feeding fish were collected from
388 sites, of which 314 were near point and non point sources of pollution,
39 locations were from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Stream
Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), and 35 locations represented
background levels. The selection of sites was biased toward sites where
dioxin/furan concentrations in fish are expected (i.e., near pulp and paper
mills and industrial sources), because the original intent of study was to
investigate these compounds. Consequently, few of the sites (n=15)
investigated were near agricultural areas, where chlorpyrifos use is
pervasive.
Chlorpyrifos was detected in fish from 26 percent of the 388 sites,
with median, mean and maximum concentrations of non detect, 4.09 and
344 • g/kg (ppb), respectively. (The second highest concentration was 64.5
• g/kg). Over 70 percent of the fish concentrations at all sites were below
detection. The highest concentrations were observed primarily in bottom
feeding fish such as carp near agricultural facilities. The mean concentration
from agricultural areas was 24.46 • g/kg. In general, chlorpyrifos
concentrations were detected in whole-body samples of bottom feeders and
in fillet samples of game fish at roughly the same average concentration.
Health risks were calculated using fillet samples of game fish
collected from 106 sites. Risk estimates were calculated using standard
EPA risk assessment procedures, an average fish consumption rate of 6.5
g/day for the U.S. population, daily fish consumption over a lifetime of 70
years, and the chlorpyrifos RfD on EPA's Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS) of 3x10'3 mg/kg/day (which is an order of magnitude higher than the
RfD developed by HED). The resulting hazard indices associated with
ingestion of the maximum and mean chlorpyrifos fillet concentrations were
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2.4x10"3 and 6.4x10"5, respectively for the U.S. population. These risk
estimates are both < 1 % of the EPA RfD on IRIS, and would represent 24%
and < 1 % of the HED chronic PAD, respectively for chronic consumption of
the maximum and mean fillet concentrations. However, it is unlikely that an
individual would chronically consume the maximum detected residue of 344
• g/kg, therefore, it may be more appropriate to compare this dose estimate
to the acute PAD than the chronic PAD. In this case, consumption offish
containing 344 • g/kg reflects only 1.4% of the aPAD.
The potential chlorpyrifos exposures could be higher for Native
Americans or other subsistence populations that typically consume more
freshwater fish than the general U.S. population. USEPA (1997) reports
average and 95th percentile fish consumption rates of 70 g/day and 170
g/day, respectively for Native American Subsistence Populations.
Consequently, potential exposures and risks could be 11 to 26 times higher
than those reported for the general population of sport fisherman and their
families. Risk estimates could potentially exceed HED's level of concern if
chlorpyrifos fish fillet residues of 344 • g/kg were ingested daily for 70 years
at rates of 70 to 170 g/day. However, subsistence populations are not
expected to have exposures or risks that exceed HED's level of concern
following chronic ingestion offish fillets with mean chlorpyrifos
concentrations of 4.08 • g/kg (up to 26% of the aPAD).
4.3.3 Drinking Water Exposure
The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) conducted a
drinking water assessment for chlorpyrifos based on an analysis of existing
ground and surface water monitoring data in conjunction with conservative
Tier 1 and Tier 2 modeling (using GENEEC 1.2, PRZM 2.3-EXAMS, and
SCI-GROW) (Attached memo from H. Nelson to D. Smegal/M. Hartman,
October 6, 1999 and M. Barrett to S. Knizner, November 13, 1998). The
drinking water exposure estimates are discussed in greater detail below by
water source.
The available environmental fate data suggest that chlorpyrifos has a
low potential to leach to groundwater from most typical agricultural uses in
measurable quantities, except following termiticide use. Chlorpyrifos is
persistent in concentrated applications used in termiticide treatments. The
available data indicate that the primary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, 3,5,6-TCP
is more mobile, and significantly more persistent in many soils, especially
under anaerobic conditions.
Currently, HED uses Drinking Water Levels of Comparison
(DWLOCs) as a surrogate to capture risk associated with exposure to
pesticides in drinking water. A DWLOC is the concentration of a pesticide
in drinking water that would be acceptable as a theoretical upper limit in light
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of the total aggregate exposure to that pesticide from food, water, and
residential uses. HED uses DWLOCs in the risk assessment process as a
surrogate measure of potential exposure associated with pesticide
exposure through drinking water. In the absence of reliable monitoring data
for a pesticide, the DWLOC is used as a point of comparison against the
conservative estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) provided by
computer modeling (SCI-GROW, GENEEC, PRZM/EXAMS). A DWLOC
may vary with drinking water consumption patterns and body weights for
specific subpopulations.
HED back-calculates DWLOCs by a two-step process: exposure
[food + (if applicable) residential exposure] is subtracted from the PAD to
obtain the maximum exposure allowed in drinking water; DWLOCs are then
calculated using that value and HED default body weight and drinking water
consumption figures. In assessing human health risk, DWLOCs are
compared to EECs. When EECs are greater than DWLOCs, HED
considers the aggregate risk [from food + water + (if applicable) residential
exposures] to exceed HED's level of concern.
4.3.3.1 Groundwater Exposure Levels
EFED conducted an analysis of over 3000 filtered
groundwater monitoring well data available in U.S. Geological
Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program
databases, and in EFED's Pesticides in Ground Water Data Base
(PGWDB). Chlorpyrifos was infrequently detected in groundwater (<
1 % of the 3000 wells). The majority of concentrations were reported
to be <0.01 • g/L, with only occasional contamination at a maximum
level of 0.026 • g/L. Although the available monitoring data represent
a large part of the U.S., it is not clear that they represent the most
vulnerable groundwater where chlorpyrifos is used most intensively.
The Pesticides in Ground Water Database (PGWDB) reports a
maximum detected concentration of 0.65 • g/L.
EFED also performed screening-level model estimates of
chlorpyrifos concentrations in groundwater using SCI-GROW for four
crops (corn, cotton, alfalfa and citrus). The estimated chlorpyrifos
concentrations in groundwater using the SCI-GROW screening model
range from 0.007 • g/L (typical application to alfalfa) to 0.103 • g/L
(maximum multiple applications to sweet corn). Therefore, based on
an analysis of both monitoring and modeling data, EFED concludes
the large majority of the country (>99%) will not have potable
groundwater that contains chlorpyrifos at levels greater than 0.1 • g/L.
EFED recommends a range of 0.007 to 0.103 • g/L as conservative
EECs to be used to evaluate both acute and chronic exposures. The
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NAWQA monitoring data support that the SCI-GROW modeling
estimates are conservative.
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Chlorpyrifos use as a termiticide is significant, with a recent
estimate of seven million pounds ai applied annually constituting
about 30% of the total annual use. Chlorpyrifos groundwater
exposure from termiticidal use is highly localized and usually only in
wells located within 100 feet of the treatment area. For this use, the
maximum detected dissolved concentration is 2090 • g/L with
unknown chronic exposure levels that are presumably significantly
lower, but that can persist at detectable levels for at least 6 months.
EFED recommends an upper bound range of 30 to 2090 • g/L to
evaluate acute groundwater exposures following termiticide use. The
30 • g/L represents the concentration that DAS recommends before
resuming the use of a contaminated well (i.e., current USEPA Health
Advisory for a child), while the 2090 • g/L concentration represents
the maximum detected value. EFED recommends a range of 8.3 to
578 • g/L to be used to evaluate upper bound chronic groundwater
exposures for termiticide use. These values are the acute
groundwater termiticide concentrations with adjustments for partial
environmental degradation (abiotic hydrolysis at pH 7). DAS states
that this exposure only occurs in homes where the well casing has a
crack in it, and the well is near or in the foundation. HED has
determined that the Label Improvement Process for Termiticides (PR
notices 96-7 for term iticides) have reduced the potential for this
exposure. For example, reported incidents associated with
termiticide use were 28.2 per 100,000 homes in 1997 (pre PR-96-7),
and were 8.3 per 100,000 homes in 1998 (post PR-96-7).
4.3.3.2 Surface Water Exposure Levels
EFED conducted an analysis of over 3000 samples from 20
NAWQA study units for flowing surface water collected from rivers
and streams over the last several years. Chlorpyrifos was detected at
frequencies up to 15% of 1530 agricultural streams, 26% of 604
urban stream samples in 1997 and in 65% of 57 urban stream
samples from Georgia, Alabama and Florida in 1994. The maximum
reported dissolved Chlorpyrifos concentration in surface water was
0.4 • g/L, with the majority of detected concentrations < 0.1 • g/L.
EFED notes that although the available monitoring data represent a
large part of the U.S., the monitoring data may not represent the most
vulnerable watersheds where Chlorpyrifos use is pervasive. EFED
notes that a limited number of watersheds in the U.S. may have
Chlorpyrifos concentrations higher than 0.4 • g/L due to higher usage
rates or greater pesticide runoff. In particular, acute exposure levels
could be higher for streams draining watersheds with more intense
Chlorpyrifos use or for lakes and reservoirs for which there are little
data.
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EFED also performed screening-level model estimates of
chlorpyrifos concentrations in surface water such as lakes and
reservoirs using Tier I GENEEC or Tier II PRZM/EXAMS. Inputs to
the models included high exposure agricultural scenarios for major
crops (alfalfa, corn, citrus, and tobacco) at the maximum application
rates. Estimated maximum 90 day average and peak concentrations
of chlorpyrifos in surface water using the PRZM/EXAMS screening
model were 6.7 • g/L and 40.6 • g/L, respectively. These estimated
concentrations should be highly conservative for most surface waters
and all drinking water because they are based on a pond draining an
adjacent 100% treated field model (it is highly unlikely that 100% of a
watershed constituting a major drinking water source would be
treated with chlorpyrifos in a given year).
Based on an analysis of the NAWQA monitoring and EFED
modeling data, an upper-bound EEC range of 0.026 to 0.4 • g/L was
selected to assess acute risks associated with non-term iticide uses
of surface water. The 0.026 • g/L concentration represents the 95th
percentile dissolved concentration, while the 0.4 • g/L concentration is
the maximum detected dissolved chlorpyrifos concentration from
streams and rivers reported in the first phase of the NAWQA study.
The 95th percentile concentration of 0.026 • g/L was used to assess
chronic surface water exposures. The Agency concluded that the 0.4
• g/L estimate (a high acute exposure level for streams) is more
reasonable than the conservative PRZM/EXAMS maximum peak
EEC of 40.6 • g/L for lakes and reservoirs. This is because multi-
month or annual mean concentrations in a reservoir are expected to
be less than the maximum reported concentrations in the flowing
water feeding the reservoir. The monitoring data also demonstrate
that chronic concentrations of chlorpyrifos are unlikely to exceed 0.1
• g/L. These estimates only apply to drinking water because residues
of lipophilic pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, bound to sediment and
suspended solids could contribute to exposure following consumption
of unfiltered water.
4.3.3.3 Drinking Water Exposure Concentrations
The estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) are
shown on Table 6. As noted previously, the groundwater EECs are
based on conservative modeling, with support from monitoring data,
while the surface water EECs are based on upper-bound levels from
monitoring data.
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Table 6
ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATION (EECs)
Drinking Water Source
Groundwater, except for well
contamination
SCI -GROW (• g/L) (a)
Groundwater as a result of well
contamination (• g/L)
Surface Water Monitoring Data
(• g/L)
Concentration (• g/L)
Acute
Chronic
0.007 to 0.1 03
30 to 2090
0.026 to 0.4 (b)
8.3 to 578
0.026 (c)
(a) SCI-GROW (Screening Concentration in Ground Water) is an empirical model for predicting
pesticide levels in ground water. The value from SCI-GROW is considered an upper bound
concentration estimate.
(b) Based on the 95th percentile and maximum detected surface water concentrations.
(c) Based on the 95th percentile surface water concentration from monitoring data
In comparison, the one-day, 10-day, and longer-term USEPA
health advisories for a 10-kg child are 30 • g/L. The lifetime health
advisory for a 70-kg adult has been established at 20 • g/L; the adult
longer-term health advisory is 100 • g/L.
EFED notes that there are significant uncertainties associated
with the EECs which are as follows:
(1) The estimates are intended to be as realistic as possible but
apply only to the most vulnerable populations because existing
monitoring data imply that the majority of the U.S. population
will not be exposed at these levels (for surface water note that
the 95th percentile estimate is 15 times less than the maximum
detected value in monitoring data);
(2) All of these estimates are for unfinished water, and could be
lower in finished drinking water that has received treatment;
and
(3) The exposure estimates are highly conservative (i.e., exceed
actual exposure by several-fold) for the majority of the U.S.
population, based on the existing monitoring database, which
covers a large part of the U.S. However, chlorpyrifos residues
in surface waters could be higher in some areas where
chlorpyrifos usage is more pervasive in the watershed.
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4.3.3.4
DWLOCs for Acute (Drinking Water) Exposure
Acute DWLOCs were not calculated for chlorpyrifos initially
because the acute dietary risks alone exceed HED's level of concern
based on currently registered uses. Therefore, in effect, the
DWLOCs would be zero. However, acute DWLOCs were calculated
based on risk mitigation measures that reduce the acute dietary risk
estimates to below 100% of the aPAD.
The acute DWLOC values are presented in Table 7. For each
population subgroup listed, the acute PAD and the acute dietary
(food) exposure (from Table 3) for that subgroup were used to
calculate the acute DWLOC for the subgroup, using the formulas in
footnotes of Table 7. The EECs are less than the DWLOCs for all
populations (highest EEC of 0.4 • g/L is less than the lowest DWLOC
of 0.9 • g/L), indicating that acute food and drinking water exposures
(except possible well contamination) do not exceed HED's level of
concern. It should be noted that neither the SCI-GROW model nor the
monitoring data reflect concentrations after dilution (from source to
treatment to tap) or drinking water treatment.
Table 7
DWLOCs for Chlorpyrifos Acute Dietary Exposure
Considering Mitigation Measures
Population
Subgroup (a)
U.S. Population
Alllnfants(<1
Year)
Children (1-6
years)
Females
(13-50 years)
Acute PAD
(• g/kg/day)
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Food
Exposure
99.9th
(• g/kg/day)
(b)
0.24
0.258
0.410
0.201
Max. Water
Exposure
(• g/kg/day)
(c)
4.76
0.242
0.09
0.299
Surface
Water
(Monitoring
Data) (• g/L)
0.026 to 0.4
Ground Water
SCI-GROW,
(excluding well
contamination)
(•g/L)
0.007 to 0.103
Acute
DWLOC
(•g/L)
(d,e,f)
166
2.4
0.9
9
(a) In addition to the U.S. population (all seasons), the most highly exposed subgroup within each of
the infants, children, female groups is listed.
(b) 99.9th percentile exposure. Values are from Table 3 (and rounded).
(c) Maximum Water Exposure (• g/kg/day) = Acute PAD (• g/kg/day) - [Acute Food Exposure
(.g/kg/day)].
(d) DWLOC (• g/L) = Maximum water exposure (• g/kg/day) x body wt (kg) •*• water consumed daily
(L/day)]
(e) HED default body weights are: general U.S. population, 70 kg; adult females, 60 kg; and
infants/children, 10 kg.
(f) HED default daily drinking water rates are 2 L/day for adults and 1 L/day for children.
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Acute exposure to chlorpyrifos in groundwater as a result of
well contamination from termiticide use could potentially result in
exposures of concern. However, as noted previously, the
groundwater exposures from well contamination resulting from
termiticide use are highly localized. The implementation of PR 96-7
for term iticides has reduced reported incidents of groundwater
contamination resulting from termiticide treatments. For example,
reported incidents associated with termiticide use were 28.2 per
100,000 homes in 1997 (pre PR-96-7), and were 8.3 per 100,000
homes in 1998 (post PR-96-7).
4.3.3.5 DWLOCs for Chronic Drinking Water Exposure
The chronic DWLOC is effectively zero because the long-term
residential postapplication risks alone exceed HED's level of
concern. However, DWLOCs were calculated based on food
(including food handling establishment uses) and water exposure
alone. The chronic DWLOC values are presented in Table 8. For
each population subgroup listed, the chronic PAD and the chronic
dietary (food) exposure (from Table 4) for that subgroup were used to
calculate the chronic DWLOC for the subgroup, using the formulas in
footnotes of Table 8. As shown, the EEC for surface water (which
represents the 95th percentile concentration from monitoring data) is
less than the DWLOCs, and therefore does not exceed HED's level of
concern. It should be noted that neither the SCIGROW model nor the
monitoring data reflect actual drinking water concentrations after
dilution (from source to tap) or drinking water treatment.
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Table 8
DWLOCs for Chlorpyrifos Chronic Dietary Exposure
Includes Mitigation
Population
Subgroup
(a)
U.S.
Population
All Infants
(< 1 Year)
Children
(1-6 years)
Females
(13-50 years)
Chronic
PAD
(• g/kg/day)
0.3
0.03
0.03
0.03
Chronic
Food Exposure
with FHE
(• g/kg/day)
(b)
0.008
0.01
0.015
0.006
Max. Water
Exposure
(• g/kg/day)
(c)
0.292
0.02
0.015
0.024
Surface
Water
Monitoring
Data (• g/L)
0.026
Ground Water
SCI-GROW
(excluding well
contamination)
(•g/L)
0.007 to 0.103
Chronic
DWLOC
(•g/L)
(d,e,f)
10
0.2
0.15
0.72
(a) In addition to the U.S. population (all seasons), the most highly exposed subgroup within each of
the infants, children, female groups is listed.
(b) Values are from Table 4 (and rounded).
(c) Maximum Water Exposure (• g/kg/day) = Chronic PAD (• g/kg/day) - [Chronic Food Exposure +
Chronic Residential Exposure (• g/kg/day) (if applicable)]. Chronic residential uses were not
considered based on mitigation options.
(d) DWLOC (• g/L) = Maximum water exposure (• g/kg/day) x body wt (kg) •*• water consumed
daily(Uday)]
(e) HED default body weights are: general U.S. population, 70 kg; adult females, 60 kg; and
infants/children, 10 kg.
(f) HED default daily drinking water rates are 2 L/day for adults and 1 L/day for children.
Long-term exposure to chlorpyrifos as a result of well
contamination from termiticide use could potentially result in
exposures of concern. However, as noted previously, the
groundwater risk estimates from well contamination resulting from
termiticide use are highly localized. The implementation of PR 96-7
for termiticides has reduced the reported incidents of groundwater
contamination resulting from termiticide treatments.
4.4 Non-Dietary Exposure
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide used extensively in
residential settings by both residents and PCOs, and for agricultural use (e.g.,
citrus, vegetable crops, tree fruits, etc.), greenhouse uses, outdoor ornamental
uses, and sodfarm uses. It is one of the top five insecticides used in residential
settings. There are approximately 800 registered products containing chlorpyrifos
on the market (REFs 9/14/99). Registered uses include a wide variety of food, turf
and ornamental plants, as well as indoor products, structural pest control, and in pet
collars. It is used in residential and commercial buildings, schools, daycare
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centers, hotels, restaurants, hospitals, stores, warehouses, food manufacturing
plants and vehicles. In addition, it is used as an adult mosquitocide. In 1998, the
DAS estimated that 70% of the urban chlorpyrifos use involved termite control.
Approximately 11 million pounds a.i. are applied annually in non-agricultural settings
(i.e., residences, schools, golf courses, parks).
Chlorpyrifos, is formulated as a wettable powder packaged in water soluble
packets (containing 50% a.i.), emulsifiable concentrates (41.5-47%), dust
(containing 0.1-7% a.i.), granular (containing 0.075%-15% a.i.), bait (containing
0.5% a.i.), flowables (containing 30% a.i.), impregnated material (containing 0.5-
10% a.i.), pelleted/tableted (containing 0.5-1.0% a.i.), pressurized liquids (0.9-3.8%
a.i.), microencapsulated (0.5-20% a.i.) and soluble concentrate/liquids (0.5 to
62.5% ai). Dry flowables and wettable powder in open bags are not supported by
the registrant, and therefore, the assessment of these formulation types/packaging
is not included in this document. According to DAS, formulations with
concentrations greater than one pound a.i. per gallon (approximately 13% a.i.) are
sold to licenced pest control or turf and ornamental professionals only. Lower
concentrations are available to homeowners from other suppliers for over-the-
counter purchase. Except aerosols, granules and dusts, all formulations for
application are diluted in water to a concentration of 1 percent a.i. or less (Dow
AgroSciences 1998). However, HED is aware of at least one company that sells
concentrated chlorpyrifos products (i.e., >13% up to 44.8% ai) to the public on the
Internet (www.ADDR.com/~pestdepo/gizhome.htm) as of March 1, 2000.
Occupational and residential exposures to chlorpyrifos can occur during
handling, mixing, loading and applying activities. Occupational postapplication
exposure can occur for agricultural workers during scouting, irrigation and
harvesting activities. Residential postapplication exposure can occur following
treatment of lawns, or residences for cockroaches, carpenter ants, termites, and
other insects. In addition, there is a potential for inadvertent oral exposure to
children from eating chlorpyrifos-treated turf and soil or hand to mouth activities
following contact with treated surfaces or turf. Postapplication exposure to children
can occur in locations other than the home, including schools, daycare centers,
playgrounds, and parks. There is insufficient use information and exposure data to
assess exposure resulting from use in vehicles (i.e., planes, trains, automobiles,
buses, boats) and other current label uses such as treatment of indoor exposed
wood surfaces, supermarkets, theaters, furniture, and draperies. However, HED
has concern for these uses based on the scenarios assessed within this document,
and has requested exposure data for all uses of registered products not currently
assessed in this document. Although there is concern for these uses, the Agency
believes that exposure from these uses will not be higher than the scenarios
evaluated in this assessment.
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Based on toxicological criteria and potential for exposure, HED has
conducted dermal and inhalation exposure assessments for the occupational and
residential handlers, occupational postapplication, in addition to residential
postapplication dermal, inhalation to adults and children and inadvertent oral
exposure to children.
Details of the agricultural and ornamental exposure scenarios are presented
in the attached memorandum from T. Leighton to D. Smegal/M. Hartman, D263893,
June 2000. Details of the occupational/residential handler assessment for
residential settings and the postapplication residential risk assessment are
presented in the attached memorandum from D. Smegal/T. Leighton to M. Hartman,
D266562, June 2000.
4.4.1 Occupational Handler Exposure Scenarios
HED has identified 26 major exposure scenarios (resulting in 56
assessments) for which there is potential occupational handler exposure
during mixing, loading, and applying products containing chlorpyrifos to
agricultural crops and ornamentals (16 scenarios) and to non-agricultural use
sites (10 scenarios) such as residential or recreational settings. These
occupational scenarios reflect a broad range of application equipment,
application methods and use sites. For agricultural uses, application
techniques include tractor-drawn equipment, open and closed
mixing/loading, and hand held equipment. The application rates used in the
assessment are intended to reflect the upper range of rates on the labels.
Maximum rates are always included in the assessment to provide a hazard
evaluation for those individuals that may use the label as approved by the
Agency. In some instances, the rates also include values Dow
AgroSciences (DAS) specifically requested to be included as "typical" (e.g.,
a variety of sod farm rates, corn, citrus, greenhouse, and various nursery
rates).
DAS has recently submitted a market survey (Mar-Quest) and the
Agency is currently reviewing the results before including additional
characterization of chlorpyrifos typical use conditions. HED also included
the typical, or median use rates of 1 and 2 Ib ai/acre for treatment of surface
and subsurface-feeding insects on turf, respectively based on lawn care data
submitted by the Registrant and TruGreen/ChemLawn (Jefferson Davis
Associates, 1999, TruGreen/ChemLawn 1999). Examples of the application
rates used in this assessment include, but are not limited to the following:
liquid turf treatment from 1 to 4 Ib ai/acre, granular turf treatment at 2 Ib
ai/acre, vegetable crops range from 1 to 2 Ib ai/acre; maximum citrus rate is
6 Ib ai/acre; the maximum rates for tree nuts and fruits is 2 Ib ai/acre; outdoor
ornamental rates for wettable powders are up to 4 Ib ai/acre and up to 0.16
Ib ai/gallon for liquid formulations; and up to 8 Ib ai/acre for fire ant control in
sodfarm turf just prior to harvest. The predominant maximum application
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rates are defined as those rates which are most frequently cited in the labels
and are also believed to be representative of the maximum allowable rates
that would not underestimate exposure. Even though an attempt was made
to include rates requested by DAS, some of the rates assessed do not
necessarily reflect all of the typical rates used on those crops such as the
tobacco rate (i.e., only maximum rate of 5 Ib ai/A assessed).
The scenarios were classified as short-term (1 to 30 days),
intermediate-term (1 to 6 months) and in some cases long-term (greater than
6 months) based primarily on frequency of exposure. The occupational
handler scenarios for agricultural use are expected to be of a short-term
duration only. It is believed that if there are any agricultural applicators
applying chlorpyrifos daily for over a month, those individuals will represent a
very small segment of the population. Moreover, those individuals would not
be applying the amount of chemical estimated to be handled at the
maximum rates in the short-term assessment. On the other hand, several of
the LCO/PCO handler scenarios in residential settings (i.e., treatment of
homes for insect infestations) were considered to be long-term duration. For
the agricultural handlers, the estimated exposures considered personal
protective equipment (PPE, which includes a double layer of clothing and
gloves and/or a dust/mist respirator), and engineering controls (closed
mixing/loading systems for liquids and granulars and enclosed cabs/trucks).
Baseline attire (long pants, long sleeved shirt, no gloves) is not presented in
this assessment to conserve resources and because of the need for
additional PPE and/or engineering controls for all scenarios, and the labels
currently require PPE. For LCO/PCO exposure scenarios in residential
settings, in most cases only exposures associated with the label-
recommended clothing were considered (i.e., scenarios with additional PPE
or engineering controls could not be evaluated) based on chemical-specific
studies submitted by DAS (many of which include biological monitoring).
4.4.1.1 Occupational Handler Exposure Data Sources and
Assumptions
Multiple chemical-specific handler exposure studies were
conducted by the registrant and submitted to the Agency. The
handler data collected included biological monitoring of urinary 3,5,6-
TCP, the primary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and passive dosimetry
data. These chemical-specific exposure data are used by the
Agency to assess the potential handler exposures to chlorpyrifos.
However, of the five agricultural monitoring studies submitted by
DAS, only two of the studies measured at least 15 replicates
(minimum as per the Pesticide Assessment Guideline criteria) of a
specific activity (one measuring 15 replicates of both mixer/loader
and airblast applicators, the other study measuring 16 replicates of a
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combined mixer/loader/applicator for a granular formulation). As for
the other three studies, one study measured 13 replicates of an
applicator applying chlorpyrifos with various types of high pressure
handwands in a greenhouse, 1 replicate of a low pressure handwand,
and 2 replicates of a backpack sprayer; the second study measured
9 replicates of an open cab groundboom applicator, 6 replicates of
an open mixing/loading EC formulation, and 3 replicates of an open
bag WP formulation (open bag WP formulation no longer supported
by DAS); and the final study measured 14 replicates of an open
mixing/loading of liquids for aerial applicators. Therefore, three of the
five DAS studies contain an insufficient number of replicates (as
specified by Subdivision U Guidelines) to support the exposure
scenarios. Moreover, the total of five agricultural studies submitted by
DAS in support of the chlorpyrifos reregistration do not encompass all
of the uses of the chemical on the labels nor do they all provide
sufficient mitigation (e.g., PPE or engineering controls) to meet an
occupational target MOE of 100.
In the absence of applicable chemical-specific data,
agricultural handler and LCO/PCO potential exposures resulting from
handling and applying chlorpyrifos were estimated using data from
the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) Version 1.1 or
the Draft Residential SOPs. PHED was designed by a Task Force of
representatives from the U.S. EPA, Health Canada, the California
Department of Pesticide Regulation, and member companies of the
American Crop Protection Association. PHED is a software system
consisting of two parts - a database of measured exposure values
for workers involved in the handling of pesticides under actual field
conditions and a set of computer algorithms used to subset and
statistically summarize the selected data. Currently, the database
contains values for over 1,700 monitored individuals (i.e., replicates).
HED's policy is to supplement chemical-specific data with available
surrogate data in PHED to increase the sample size (U.S. EPA and
HC 1995a - PHED V1.1 Evaluation Guidance). This policy is in effect
because individual chemical-specific studies, even when fulfilling the
Guideline minimum number of replicates, do not necessarily
encompass the variety of equipment in use throughout the country and
the large variability of exposures among handlers. While data from
PHED provides the best available information on handler exposures,
it should be noted that some aspects of the included studies (e.g.,
duration, acres treated, pounds of active ingredient handled) may not
accurately represent labeled uses in all cases.
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The PHED data used for the mixer/loader for lawn treatment, and
granular bait application (hand, belly grinder and push-type spreader)
scenarios in residential settings are representative of the chlorpyrifos
uses as the surrogate data were monitored for the same uses.
Potential exposures and internal doses were calculated using
unit exposures (i.e., normalized to amount of active ingredient
handled - mg/lb ai handled) from both passive dosimetry and
biological monitoring data extrapolated to be representative of the
maximum rates on the label (in some instances to typical rates). The
normalized exposure data are extrapolated by multiplying by the
amount of chlorpyrifos handled per day (i.e., Ib ai/day). The amount of
chlorpyrifos assumed handled per day was derived from the various
application rates and the number of acres (or gallons of spray
solution) that could be applied in a single day. Dermal and inhalation
margins of exposure (MOEs) are presented separately along with a
combined total MOE.
4.4.1.2 Occupational Handler Risk Characterization
A summary of the short- and intermediate-term risks estimates
for PPE and engineering controls is presented in Table 9 for
agricultural uses. Table 9 also provides a summary of the range of
application rates assessed for chlorpyrifos. Table 10 presents a
summary of the short-, intermediate, and long-term risk estimates for
LCOs/PCOs at non-agricultural use sites, such as residential and
recreational settings.
MOEs for occupational handlers were derived by dividing the
appropriate NOAEL, shown on Table 2, by the daily dermal or
inhalation exposure estimate. As noted previously, the short-term
dermal NOAEL of 5 mg/kg/day is from a dermal rat study, and
therefore, no dermal absorption adjustment is necessary. However,
both the intermediate- and long-term dermal NOAELs of 0.03
mg/kg/day are based on the weight of evidence from 5 oral toxicity
studies in dogs and rats for plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase
inhibition, and consequently, dermal exposures were adjusted to
absorbed dermal doses using an 3% dermal absorption factor.
Inhalation exposure estimates were compared directly to the short-
and intermediate-term inhalation NOAEL of 0.1 mg/kg/day, and to the
long-term NOAEL of 0.03 mg/kg/day based on the weight of evidence
from 5 oral studies in dogs and rats, assuming inhalation absorption
is 100% of oral absorption. In evaluating biomonitoring data, which
represents total chlorpyrifos exposure via dermal, inhalation and oral
exposure, an adjusted absorbed dermal NOAEL of 0.15 mg/kg/day
was used (i.e., 5 mg/kg/day *0.03) to estimate MOEs because most
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of the total exposure is from the dermal route. Details of this
assumption are presented in the HIARC report (D. Smegal April 6,
2000, HED doc no. 014088). For occupationally exposed workers,
MOEs >100 (i.e., 10x for interspecies extrapolation and 10x for
intraspecies variability) do not exceed HED's level of concern. MOEs
below this level would represent a risk concern. A total dermal and
inhalation MOE was also calculated because there is a common
dermal and inhalation toxicity endpoint (i.e., cholinesterase inhibition).
Agricultural and/or Ornamental/Greenhouse Uses
The results of the short-term handler assessments as shown
on Table 9 indicate that only 1 of the 16 potential exposure scenarios
did not provide at least one application rate with a total MOE(s)
greater than or equal to 100 at either the maximum PPE (i.e.,
coveralls over long pants, long sleeved shirts, and chemical resistant
gloves while using open systems) or using engineering controls (i.e.,
closed systems). There are no data, chemical-specific or surrogate,
to assess 3 of the 16 scenarios. For specific details and calculations
of inhalation, dermal, and total exposures and MOEs see the
attached memorandum from T. Leighton to D. Smegal/M. Hartman,
D263893, June 2000. In the majority of cases, it is dermal exposure
rather than the inhalation exposure driving the total MOEs.
Within the other 12 scenarios, not all of the application
rates/crops have MOEs greater than or equal to 100. More
specifically, the total dermal and inhalation MOEs for the 12
scenarios evaluated range from 6 to 10,000. In total, 56 iterations of
potential exposures and total MOEs were calculated for the various
application rates. Based on the maximum level of protection (i.e.,
various levels of PPE or engineering controls) 2 MOEs are estimated
to be less than 10; 6 MOEs are between 10 and 50; 9 MOEs
between 50 and 100 and 39 of the MOEs are greater than 100. There
are insufficient information (e.g., dermal and inhalation exposure
data) to assess the seed treatment uses, dip applications (e.g.,
preplant peach root and nursery stock), and dry bulk fertilizer
applications to citrus orchard floors. These scenarios are of concern
given the results from the other scenarios assessed, and HED has
requested data for these uses. Fourteen of the scenarios were
based on data obtained from five chemical-specific studies
submitted by DAS. Of the 14 MOEs calculated using the biological
monitoring results, only two reach the target MOE of 100 using PPE.
The test subjects' absorbed dose levels indicate the need for
additional risk mitigation measures such as closed systems for
loading liquids and enclosed cabs for groundboom and airblast
applicators. The results and discussion for each of the 16 exposure
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scenarios are presented in greater detail in attached memorandum
from T. Leighton to D. Smegal/M. Hartman, D263893, June 2000.
The agricultural handler assessments are believed to be
reasonable high end representations of chlorpyrifos uses. There are,
however, many uncertainties in these assessments. The uncertainties
include but are not limited to the following:
extrapolating exposure data by the amount of a.i. handled or
applied; and
not all of the exposure data are of high confidence because of
the lack of replicates and/or inadequate QA/QC in the studies.
These uncertainties are inherent in most pesticide exposure
assessments. The conservative nature of the assessments, however,
are believed to be protective of the handlers.
Occupational/Non-Agricultural Uses (e.g..
Residential/Recreational Settings)
The following scenarios (by number presented on Table 10)
result in total MOEs that exceed HED's level of concern (i.e., MOE
less than 100 for LCOs/PCOs):
(1) Indoor Crack and Crevice Treatment by a PCO;
(2) Broadcast Turf Treatment by a LCO (intermediate and long-
term applicator/ mixer/loader);
(3) Golf Course Treatments by workers (maximum label rate of 4
Ib ai/acre for: mixer/loaders of liquids, and mixer/loaders and
applicators for greens and tees) and typical and maximum
label rates of 1 and 4 Ib ai/acre for groundboom applicators);
(5) Application of Insecticidal Dust Products by a worker;
(6) Application of Granular Formulations by a LCO by hand;
(7) Application of Granular Formulations by a LCO with a belly
grinder;
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(8) Application of Granular Formulations by a LCO with push-type
spreader;
(9) Termiticide Treatments for Pre-Construction by a PCO;
(10) Termiticide Treatments for Post-Construction by a PCO; and
(13) Mosquitocide mixer/loader or applicator for aerial applications
of more than 30 days, even with engineering controls
The following scenario results in a total MOE greater than or
equal to 100 that does not exceed HED's level of concern for
occupational pesticide handlers in residential settings:
(2) Mixer/loader of lawn care products wearing PPE (total MOEs
100-820);
(3) Golf Course Treatments by workers (typical label rate of 1 Ib
ai/acre for: mixer/loaders of liquid and wettable powders, and
mixer/loaders and applicators for greens and tees; maximum
label rate of 4 Ib ai/acre for mixer/loaders of wettable powders)
(total MOEs 100-400),
(13) Workers who mix/load or apply chlorpyrifos for aerial
mosquitocide applications of less than 30 days with the use of
engineering controls (closed systems)(total MOEs 160-240);
and
(13) Workers who mix/load or apply chlorpyrifos for ground-based
fogger mosquitocide applications up to several months with
the use of PPE and/or engineering controls (total MOEs 100-
560).
The results of the LCO/PCO handler assessment in
residential/recreational settings for short-, intermediate and/or long-
term exposure scenarios indicate that most of the MOEs are less
than 100, and therefore exceed HED's level of concern. Exposure for
four of the scenarios were estimated based on chemical-specific
biomonitoring studies submitted by DAS (i.e., indoor crack and
crevice treatment, broadcast turf application, and pre- and post-
construction termiticide treatment) in which the LCOs/PCOs wore
label-specified PPE, or PPE in addition to that specified on the
labels. Several of these studies did not represent the maximum label
application rates, or only evaluated exposures for a few hours (i.e. 1 -3
hours) of the work day, and consequently could underestimate
exposures and risks to LCOs/PCOs. Overall, the exposures and
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risks for LCOs/PCOs based on the chemical-specific biomonitoring
studies are considered to be central tendency estimates because
they evaluated less than a full day's exposure at the maximum label
rate or they exclude accidental exposure (e.g., exposures resulting
from equipment malfunction).
All risk assessments involve the use of assumptions,
judgement and available reliable data to varying degrees. Often, the
available data are not the ideal data for evaluating potential exposure
scenarios. This results in uncertainty in the numerical estimates of
risk. Consideration of the uncertainty inherent in the risk assessment
process permits better evaluation of the risk assessment and
understanding of the human health impacts. Risks estimates may be
overestimated or underestimated to varying degrees. Table 10
characterizes the exposure and risk estimates as low-end, central-
tendency and high-end based on the assumptions used in the
assessment, and identifies the most significant uncertainties.
4.4.2 Occupational Postapplication Exposure Scenarios
EPA has determined that there is potential exposure to persons
entering treated sites (e.g., scouts and harvesters) after application is
complete. Postapplication exposure data were required during the
chlorpyrifos Data Call In (DCI) of the reregistration process, since, at that
time, one or more toxicological criteria had been triggered for chlorpyrifos.
4.4.2.1 Occupational Postapplication Exposure Data and
Assumptions
Multiple chemical-specific postapplication exposure studies
were also conducted by the registrant and submitted to the Agency.
These studies included biological monitoring and passive dosimetry
data, along with dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) data. Data were
submitted by DAS for sugar beets, cotton, sweet corn, almonds,
pecans, apples, citrus, cauliflower, and tomatoes. The residue
decline for these crops indicate that chlorpyrifos quickly dissipates in
the first few days after application and then the decline is more subtle.
For instance, in most of the crops monitored, the half life of
chlorpyrifos for the first part of the curve [i.e., 0 to 7 days after
treatment (DAT)] is less than 1 day. However, the second part of the
decline curve exhibits a half life of more than 10 days using data from
sampling intervals of 7 up to 43 days after treatment (DAT). Based
on the initial rapid dissipation of chlorpyrifos as shown in the DFR
studies, most of the crops were analyzed using the first part of the
decline curve for the short-term endpoint (i.e., up to 1 month) to
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establish the restricted-entry interval (REI). The second part of the
decline curve was used to assess the intermediate-term duration to
assure that workers exposed in treated fields for 1 to 6 months are
adequately protected. If the intermediate-term MOEs at the initially
assessed short-term REI were less than 100, then the intermediate-
term MOEs were used to determine the appropriate length of the REI.
Specific transfer coefficients were also monitored and
submitted for citrus harvesting, citrus tree pruning, cauliflower
scouting, and tomato scouting. Additional transfer coefficients for
other crops/activities are currently being researched by the
Agricultural Reentry Task Force (ARTF). In the mean time, HED's
standard values for transfer coefficients are used to estimate
potential reentry exposure because the ARTF data are not available.
Once available, the ARTF data may impact the REIs for tree nuts, tree
fruits, and cauliflower. In addition, chemical-specific DFR data are
not available for all crops that are potentially treated with chlorpyrifos.
Therefore, the assessment of postapplication exposures in this
document is based on a grouping of activities associated with
various representative crops. The potential for dermal contact during
postapplication activities (e.g., harvesting) is assessed using a matrix
of potential dermal contact rates by activity and associated crops with
groupings of "low", "medium", and "high". In addition to this matrix,
citrus, cauliflower, tree nuts and tree fruits are assessed separately.
Table 11 summarizes the crops characterized as "low", "medium",
and "high".
Maintenance workers and mowers for golf courses were also
considered in this assessment and were considered to contact
treated turf the day of treatment for short-term durations (i.e., less
than 30 days). Although the golf course workers may be working up
to 12 months a year, chlorpyrifos levels on the turf will not be available
for an appreciable length of time (e.g., residues declining, irrigation,
mowing of the turf).
4.4.2.2 Occupational Postapplication Risk
Characterization
The results of the short- and intermediate-term postapplication
assessments indicate that REIs need to be established. The REIs
are presented on Tables 12 and 13. The REIs range from 24 hours
for the crop grouping matrix to 10 days for harvesting cauliflower. In
short, REIs are 24 hours for all crops except the following: cauliflower
(10 days), all nut trees (2 days), all fruit trees (4 days) and citrus (5
days). The timing of the applications are noteworthy because most
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of the applications to trees are to the bark during the dormant to early
season. There is insufficient information (e.g., timing of applications -
- dormant/bark versus foliar treatments) and exposure data to assess
postapplication activities for ornamental and soil incorporated uses.
The data needed to assess these areas include ornamental
dislodgeable foliar residues in greenhouses and biological
monitoring data for reentry into areas with soil directed applications.
Details of this assessment are presented in memorandum from T.
Leighton to D. Smegal/M. Hartman, June 2000, D263893.
Postapplication risks to golf course workers during
mow/maintenance activities are presented on Table 14. The short-
term MOEs are above 100 (MOE 110 to 210) and therefore, do not
exceed HED's level of concern, even at the maximum label rate of 4
Ib ai/acre. These risks are conservative because they assume
contact with golf course turf the day of treatment.
The occupational postapplication assessments are believed
to be reasonable high end representations of chlorpyrifos uses.
There are, however, many uncertainties in these assessments. The
uncertainties include but are not limited to the following:
extrapolating exposure and DFR data by the amount of active
ingredient handled or applied;
not all of the exposure data are of high confidence because of
the lack of replicates and/or inadequate QA/QC in the studies;
translating crop-specific DFR data to assess other crops; and
application timing in comparison to actual potential
postapplication exposure scenarios.
These uncertainties are inherent in most pesticide exposure
assessments. The conservative nature of the assessments, however,
are believed to be protective of the worker.
4.4.3 Residential Handler Exposure
Potential chlorpyrifos residential handler exposures can result from
treatment of turf and ornamental plants, as well as indoor use (i.e., for
cockroaches, carpenter ants, etc), and structural pest control (i.e., termites).
Residential handler exposures to chlorpyrifos can occur via dermal and
inhalation routes during handling, mixing, loading and applying activities. All
residential handler exposure durations are classified as short-term (1-30
days). As noted previously, in 1997 DAS agreed to work with EPA in
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limiting household consumer use to only products packaged as ready-to-use
in order to minimize exposure to concentrates that require mixing.
4.4.3.1 Residential Handler Exposure Scenarios
EPA has determined that there is potential exposure to
residents during application of chlorpyrifos products. Based on
residential use patterns, nine major residential/non-occupational
exposure scenarios (by number presented on Table 10) were
identified and evaluated for chlorpyrifos:
(1) indoor crack and crevice treatment using an aerosol can;
(2) broadcast turf mixing/loading/application using either a hose
end sprayer or a low pressure hand wand;
(4) application of a 0.5% ready-to-use formulated product in a
screw top bottle;
(5) application of an insecticidal dust product using a shaker can
or bulbous duster;
(6) application of granular formulation by hand;
(7) application of granular formulation with a belly grinder;
(8) application of granular formulation with a push-type spreader;
(11) paintbrush application to wood for an insect infestation; and
(12) treatment of ornamentals (mixing/loading/application) using a
low pressure hand wand.
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4.4.3.2 Residential Handler Exposure Data Sources and
Assumptions
For most cases, residential handler exposure assessments
were completed by HED assuming an exposure scenario for
residents wearing the following attire: short-sleeved shirt, short pants,
shoes and socks, and no gloves or respirator. The only exception is
the application of a ready-to-use formulated product, which was
evaluated based on a chemical-specific biomonitoring study in which
the volunteers wore long pants. Daily unit exposure values were
obtained from the Draft Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for
Residential Exposure Assessments (December 1997) or PHED.
Eight of the nine scenarios were evaluated based on data obtained
from PHED.
For broadcast turf application, the area treated per day was
assumed to be 0.5 acre for hose end sprayer and 1000 ft2 for spot
treatment using a low pressure hand wand or hand application of a
granular formulation. Recent lawn size survey data suggest that up to
0.5 acre lawn size represents 73% of 2300 respondents, while nearly
16% of the respondents had lawn sizes that ranged from 0.57 to 1
acre (Outdoor Residential Use and Usage Survey and National
Gardening Association Survey 1999). For application of the granular
formulation with a belly grinder or push-type spreader, it was
assumed that an average of 0.97 Ibs active ingredient was handled
(i.e., 0.5 acre at 2 Ib ai/acre), based on a chemical-specific study of a
granular formulated product and the average of 55 replicates from the
studies cited in PHED for this use pattern. For a number of scenarios,
multiple evaluations were conducted using application rates less than
the maximum label rate, or application using different equipment or
methods (i.e., ornamental treatment via low pressure hand wand and
hose-end sprayer, and granular application via hand, belly grinder
and push-type spreader) to assist in risk mitigation and management
decisions.
4.4.3.3 Residential Handler Risk Characterization
A summary of the short-term risk estimates, method of
evaluation and risk characterization/uncertainties for residential
handlers is presented on Table 10. MOEs for residential handlers
were derived by dividing the appropriate short-term NOAEL, shown
on Table 2, by the daily short-term dermal or inhalation exposure
estimate. As noted previously, the short-term dermal NOAEL of 5
mg/kg/day is from a dermal rat study, and therefore, no dermal
absorption adjustment is necessary. For inhalation, the short-term
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NOAEL is 0.1 mg/kg/day based on two inhalation studies conducted
in rats. Evaluation of adult biomonitoring data was conducted two
ways, first the total chlorpyrifos dose was compared to an adjusted
dermal NOAEL of 0.15 mg/kg/day (i.e., 5 mg/kg/day * 0.03 dermal
absorption), because based on available data the majority of
exposure is via the dermal route. In addition, HED segregated the
total biomonitoring dose into dermal, inhalation, and oral, for
comparison with the route-specific toxicity endpoints.
For residential applicators, MOEs > 1000 (i.e., 10x for
interspecies extrapolation, 10x for intraspecies variability and 10x for
the FQPA factor) do not exceed HED's level of concern. MOEs
below this level would represent a risk concern. A total dermal and
inhalation MOE was also calculated because there is a common
dermal and inhalation toxicity endpoint (i.e., cholinesterase inhibition).
The results of the residential handler assessment for short-
term exposure scenarios indicate that all nine scenarios evaluated
have total dermal and inhalation MOEs that exceed HED's level of
concern defined by a target MOE of 1000. The residential handler
MOEs ranged from 3 to 900 for dermal risk, from 120 to 57,000 for
inhalation risk, and from 3 to 880 for total dermal and inhalation risk
for the maximum, typical and even minimum label-recommended
application rates. Dermal exposure contributes most to total
exposure. For a number of scenarios, multiple evaluations were
conducted using application rates less than the maximum label rate,
or application using different equipment or methods (i.e., ornamental
treatment via low pressure hand wand and hose-end sprayer, and
granular application via hand, belly grinder and push-type spreader,
spot treatment for crack and crevice). These additional analyses
were conducted to provide information for risk mitigation and
management decisions. The following scenarios (by scenario number
shown in Table 10) result in total MOEs that exceed HED's level of
concern (i.e., MOE < 1000) for the typical and/or maximum
application rate:
(1) indoor crack and crevice treatment using an aerosol can;
(2) broadcast turf mixing/loading and application using either a
hose end sprayer or a low pressure hand wand (spot
treatment);
(4) Application of a 0.5% ready to use formulated product in a
screw top bottle;
(5) application of an insecticidal dust product using a shaker can
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or bulbous duster;
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(6) application of granular formulation by hand;
(7) application of granular formulation with a belly grinder;
(8) application of granular formulation with a push-type spreader;
(11) paintbrush application to wood for an insect infestation; and
(12) mixing/loading and treatment of ornamentals using a low
pressure hand wand.
As noted previously, all risk assessments involve the use of
assumptions, judgement and available reliable data to varying
degrees. Often, the available data are not the ideal data for
evaluating potential exposure scenarios. This results in uncertainty in
the numerical estimates of risk. Consideration of the uncertainty
inherent in the risk assessment process permits better evaluation of
the risk assessment and understanding of the possible human health
impacts. Risks estimates may be overestimated or underestimated
to varying degrees. Table 10 characterizes the exposure and risk
estimates as low-end, central-tendency and high-end based on the
assumptions used in the assessment, and identifies the most
significant uncertainties.
4.4.4 Residential/Recreational Postapplication Exposures and Risks
EPA has determined that there are potential postapplication
exposures to residents/individuals entering treated areas both indoors
following residential/commercial/institutional treatment (i.e., homes, schools,
day care centers, etc) for cockroaches, termites or other insects and
outdoors following turf treatment (i.e., homes, schools, parks, playgrounds,
ball fields, etc) or mosquitocide use. In addition, there is a potential for
inadvertent oral exposure to children from eating chlorpyrifos-treated soil,
grass and/or granules, or placing their fingers in their mouths. For residential
postapplication activities, the exposure duration is expected to be short-,
intermediate- and long-term (1 days to several years) depending on the
scenario. Adolescent and adult golfers were considered to contact treated
turf the day of treatment for short-term durations (i.e., less than 30 days).
Details of this assessment are presented in a memorandum from D.
Smegal/T. Leighton to M. Hartman, June 2000, D266562.
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4.4.4.1 Postapplication Exposure Scenarios
HED identified a total of eleven scenarios likely to result in
postapplication exposures to residents/recreational users, and
quantitatively evaluated the following ten scenarios:
(1) Indoor Crack and Crevice Treatment of kitchen and bathroom
(inhalation exposure in treated room);
(2) Indoor Crack and Crevice Treatment of other rooms (dermal
and oral exposure from deposition in untreated room based on
registrant data);
(3) Pet Collar Products;
(4) Termiticide Treatments for Basement, Plenum, Slab and
Crawlspace Construction Homes;
(6) Broadcast Lawn Treatment Using a Liquid Spray;
(7) Broadcast Lawn Treatment Using a Granular Formulation;
(8) Golf Course Exposure (adolescent and adult golfer);
(9) Aerial and ground-based fogger adult mosquitocide
application;
(10) Yard and Ornamental Spray Products, and
(11) Perimeter treatment of residence.
An additional scenario, insecticidal dust product use (scenario
5) was considered, but could not be quantitatively evaluated due to an
absence of chemical-specific information and residential SOPs.
HED requests exposure data for this, as well as all other scenarios
not evaluated.
HED is in the process of revising the Residential Exposure
Assessment SOPs. This process may identify specific areas of
further concern with respect to chlorpyrifos and exposure to the
general population. For example, some of the secondary exposure
pathways that EPA is currently examining include exposures resulting
from residue tracked into homes from outdoor use, indoor dust, and
spray drift. In a recent study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) that are abundant in house dust were shown to increase the
toxicity of chlorpyrifos in vitro, particularly at low levels (i.e., 2-50 • M
67
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PAHs with 1-180 nM chlorpyrifos-oxon, a metabolite of chlorpyrifos
that inhibits acetyl cholinesterase) (Jett et al. 1999). Currently, there
are no SOPs available to evaluate these potential exposure
pathways. These scenarios however, may be evaluated in the future
pending revisions to the residential SOPs.
4.4.4.2 Data Sources and Assumptions for
Postapplication Exposure Calculations
HED evaluated four of the eleven residential postapplication
exposures scenarios based on chemical-specific studies submitted
by DAS (i.e., crack and crevice treatment of the kitchen and bathroom
(1), broadcast treatment of turf with chlorpyrifos spray (6) and
granules (7), and termiticide treatment (4)). Three of these studies
(crack and crevice, and two lawn studies) included biomonitoring of
the urinary metabolite 3,5,6-TCP, in addition to environmental
measurements to quantify chlorpyrifos exposures. In the absence of
chemical-specific data, the other exposures (scenarios 2, 3, 8, 9 and
11) were evaluated using the equations and assumptions presented
in the Draft SOPs for Residential Exposure Assessments guidance
document or revised assumptions from the SOPs to be released in
2000 (i.e., indoor crack and crevice treatment of other rooms,
mosquitocide uses, golfer exposures, pet collar uses and perimeter
treatments), which are generally considered to result in high-end
exposure estimates, except for the crack and crevice treatment.
Scientific literature studies, the AgDrift Model and assumptions from
the updated and Draft Residential SOPs were used to evaluate adult
mosquitocide uses.
4.4.4.3 Residential/Recreational Postapplication Risk
Characterization
A summary of the postapplication risk estimates, method of
evaluation, and risk characterization/ uncertainties is presented in
Table 15. MOEs for residential/recreational postapplication
exposures were derived by dividing the appropriate NOAEL, shown
on Table 2, by the daily dermal, inhalation or oral exposure estimate.
As noted previously, biomonitoring data was evaluated two ways, first
the total chlorpyrifos dose was compared to an adjusted dermal
NOAEL of 0.15 mg/kg/day (i.e., 5 mg/kg/day * 0.03 dermal
absorption), because the majority of exposure is via the dermal route.
In addition, because there is no scientifically valid method to
extrapolate from adult biomonitoring data to child exposure, HED
segregated the total biomonitoring dose into dermal, inhalation, and
oral exposure estimates, for comparison with the route-specific
68
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toxicity endpoints. This extrapolation was conducted only for the post
application exposures from lawn treatment. For residents, the
acceptable MOE is 1000 (i.e., 10x for interspecies extrapolation, 10x
for intraspecies variability and 10x for the FQPA factor). MOEs
below this level would represent a risk estimate of concern for the
Agency. A total dermal and inhalation MOE was also calculated
because there is a common dermal and inhalation toxicity endpoint
(i.e., cholinesterase inhibition). For child exposures, oral exposure
also contributed to the total MOE. The following scenarios result in
MOEs less than 1000, or potential exposures that exceed HED's level
of concern:
(1,2) Indoor Crack and Crevice Treatment of kitchen and bathroom
(inhalation exposure in treated room, dermal and oral
exposure in untreated room);
(3) Pet Collar Products;
(4) Termiticide Treatments for Crawlspace, Basement, Plenum
and Slab Construction Homes;
(6) Broadcast Turf Treatment Using a Liquid Spray;
(7) Broadcast Turf Treatment Using Granular Formulation;
(8) Golf Course Exposure (adolescent and adult golfer) following
treatment at the maximum rate of 4 Ib ai/acre, and
(11) Perimeter Treatments of Residences.
In addition, by analogy, HED evaluated yard and ornamental
spray products (Scenario 10) and concluded that these products
result in comparable doses and short-term MOEs with the lawn care
products based on label uses and application rates. Therefore, use
of many of these products is likely to result in MOEs that exceed
HEDs level of concern.
The following scenarios result in MOEs greater than 1000 that
do not exceed HED's level of concern for post-application
residential/recreational exposures:
(8) Golf Course Use (adolescent and adult golfer) following
treatment at the typical rate of 1 Ib ai/acre; and
(9) Aerial and ground-based fogger adult mosquitocide
application.
69
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In conclusion, seven of the nine scenarios evaluated
quantitatively have MOEs that are less than 1000, and therefore
exceed HED's level of concern. In addition, for post application
exposure to children following perimeter applications to homes, it was
estimated that more than seven hand-to-mouth events or more than 8
minutes of play on treated turf the day of treatment could result in
potential exposures that could exceed the Agency's level of concern
(i.e., MOE < 1000). Total MOEs for the residential postapplication
exposures that exceed HED's level of concern ranged from 6 to 980.
The only postapplication scenario that resulted in a MOE consistently
above 1000 was from the aerial and ground-based fogger adult
mosquitocide applications (MOEs are 17,000 and 29,000 for children
and adults, respectively). In addition, MOEs for adolescent and adult
golfers are above 1000 following treatment of golf courses at the
typical, or median rate of 1 Ib ai/acre (MOEs 1500-2400). A
summary of the termiticide postapplication exposure and risk
estimates is presented in greater detail below.
As noted previously, all risk assessments involve the use of
assumptions, judgement and available reliable data to varying
degrees. Often, the available data are not the ideal data for
evaluating potential exposure scenarios. This results in uncertainty in
the numerical estimates of risk. Consideration of the uncertainty
inherent in the risk assessment process permits better evaluation of
the risk assessment and understanding of the possible human health
impacts. Risks estimates may be overestimated or underestimated
to varying degrees. Table 15 characterizes the exposure and risk
estimates as low-end, central-tendency and high-end based on the
assumptions used in the assessment, and identifies the most
significant uncertainties. As noted on Table 15, the exposure and risk
estimates based on the chemical-specific studies are generally
considered to be reasonable central-tendency estimates (i.e.,
arithmetic mean, or median exposure was used to calculate risk).
Because three of the chemical-specific studies were conducted in
adults, conservative assumptions were used to estimate child
exposures. However, because adult activity patterns differ from
children, i.e., hand-to-mouth activity, some of the registrant-submitted
chemical-specific studies could under-estimate a child's exposure
(e.g., lawn studies are not designed to reflect any potential for
incidental ingestion of residues from treated turf, soil and/or
granules).
An additional scenario, postapplication exposures associated
with insecticidal dust product use (scenario 5) could not be
quantitatively evaluated due to an absence of chemical-specific data
or recommended procedures in the Residential SOPs. Nevertheless,
70
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HED has concerns about the use of these products based on the low
MOEs calculated for residents or workers that could apply dust
products. HED recommends that the registrant provide additional
information on the potential post-application residential exposures
associated with dust products.
HED identified a number of data gaps for assessing post
application exposure, and these data gaps are discussed in Section
6.0.
HED has concerns for the potential for children's exposure in
the home as a result of residential and/or agricultural uses of
chlorpyrifos. Environmental concentrations of chlorpyrifos in homes
may result from residential uses, spray drift, track-in, or from
redistribution of residues brought home on the clothing of farm
workers or pesticide applicators. Potential routes of exposure for
children may include incidental ingestion and dermal contact with
residues on carpets/hard surfaces, in addition to inhalation of vapor
and airborne particulates. There are several literature studies that
quantify the levels of chlorpyrifos in household dust, indoor and
outdoor air, dermal wipe (hands) and soil samples. These residues
may persist and the resulting exposures are of a potential chronic
nature. Currently, there are no SOPs available to evaluate potential
exposures from spray drift and track-in. The Agency is currently in the
process of revising its guidance for completing these types of
assessments. Modifications to this assessment shall be
incorporated as updated guidance becomes available. This will
include expanding the scope of the residential exposure
assessments by developing guidance for characterizing exposures
from other sources already not addressed such as from spray drift;
residential residue track-in; and exposures to farm worker children.
Termiticide Risk Characterization and Uncertainty Analysis
Because of chlorpyrifos' extensive use as a termiticide, HED
has provided a detailed summary of the risks and uncertainties
associated with termiticide treatments. The Agency conducted an
assessment of termiticide postapplication risks based on a chemical-
specific exposure study submitted by DAS. This study collected air
measurements from the basement, kitchen and bedroom of 31
homes for up to 1 year following a termiticide treatment. Four types
of housing structures were evaluated: basement, plenum, slab and
crawlspace. Chlorpyrifos was applied according to the label-
recommended rate of approximately 1% active ingredient.
71
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The Agency calculated incremental time-weighted average
(TWA) air concentrations for the entire house, assuming an individual
could be in any room. Based on this assessment, risks from
inhalation exposure was the primary concern. Based on the
mitigation plan, the TWA concentrations were normalized to a
reduced application rate of 0.5% ai. As part of risk characterization,
the Agency evaluated risks for both intermediate and chronic
exposures because of uncertainties in the toxicity endpoints for both
durations. Details of this analysis are presented in the
Occupational/Residential Handler and Post-Application
Residential/Non-Occupational Risk Assessment (memo from D.
Smegal/T. Leighton, June 2000, D266562). The MOEs are
presented on Table 15.
Similar to the dietary assessment, children 1-6 years of age
have higher potential exposures than adults, primarily because of to a
higher breathing rate per body weight, and data that indicate young
children spend more time at home than adults. For children, all the
90-day median MOEs are greater than 1000 (median MOEs range
from 1,900 to 3,800), and therefore do not exceed HED's level of
concern. However, some of the 1 -year median MOEs are below
1000, and therefore exceed HED's level of concern (median MOEs
range from 530 to 1,100). As shown on Table 15, the lowest 90-day
and 1-year MOEs for an individual house are 440 and 270,
respectively.
The median MOEs for adults were greater than 1000 for all
housing types for both the 90-day and 1-year analysis, and therefore,
do not exceed the Agency's level of concern (MOEs range from 1,800
to 13,000).
There are however, a number of uncertainties in the risk
assessment that arise from the following sources: choice of
toxicological data used to establish the inhalation toxicity endpoint,
chlorpyrifos air concentrations, and exposure assumptions. The most
significant uncertainties will be discussed below.
Toxicitv Endpoints: There are uncertainties associated with
both the intermediate and long-term inhalation NOAELs used to
calculate the MOEs. The intermediate-term NOAEL of 0.1 mg/kg/day
is based on two 90-day inhalation studies, in which the rats were
exposed 6 hours/day, 5 days/week (nose-only) to the highest
attainable vapor concentration of chlorpyrifos (287 • g/m3). HED
could not identify an inhalation LOAEL because no adverse effects
were noted at the highest dose tested. Therefore, HED selected an
oral LOAEL of 0.3 mg/kg/day to use in the dose-response
72
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assessment. The 3 fold difference between the NOAEL and LOAEL,
adds an extra buffer of safety to the intermediate-term inhalation
endpoint for a total MOE of at least 3000. Although the inhalation
route of exposure is ideal for this assessment, the exposure regimen
does not fully mimic the potentially continuous inhalation exposure for
children associated with a termiticide treatment (i.e., up to 20
hours/day).
The long-term NOAEL of 0.03 mg/kg/day is based on oral
animal studies that observed cholinesterase inhibition at 0.2 to 0.3
mg/kg/day (the LOAEL). HED notes that the large difference
between the NOAEL and LOAEL (i.e., factor of 6.7 to 10), adds an
extra buffer of safety to the long-term inhalation endpoint. Therefore,
relative to the LOAEL, the MOE is actually at least 6,000 to 10,000 for
a target MOE of 1000. In addition, there are significant uncertainties
associated with route-to-route extrapolation due to differences in
pharmacokinetics. Following oral exposure, chlorpyrifos is absorbed
in the gastrointestinal tract and is transported to the liver, where it can
undergo biotransformation to a potent cholinesterase inhibitor
(chlorpyrifos-oxon), and be further detoxified. However, following
inhalation exposure, chlorpyrifos is absorbed directly into the
systemic circulation and initially bypasses the liver. These
pharmacokinetic differences may play an important role in the route-
specific toxicity of chlorpyrifos. In the absence of inhalation
pharmacokinetic data, it is difficult to predict whether use of an oral
NOAEL would over- or under-estimate inhalation risks.
Air Concentrations: There are also a number of uncertainties
associated with the chlorpyrifos air concentrations used to assess
termiticide risks, which affect both the 90 day and 1 year MOEs
calculations. Measured chlorpyrifos air concentrations may be
overestimated because of use of other chlorpyrifos-containing
products. For example, more than half (55% or 17/31) of the homes
in the DAS study had detectable chlorpyrifos air concentrations prior
to termiticide treatment, indicating that residents may have used other
chlorpyrifos products in the home, or had a previous chlorpyrifos
termiticide treatment. Several studies in the scientific literature
reported chlorpyrifos air concentrations up to 8 years following
termiticide treatments (Wright et al. 1988, 1994). However, these
studies did not control for use of other chlorpyrifos products (i.e., lawn
treatment, flea control, or other indoor uses, etc) (personal
communication by D. Smegal with G. Dupree 5/17/2000), and
therefore, may also overestimate potential exposures and risks.
In addition, spills inside the home can contribute to higher
airborne concentrations of chlorpyrifos. In the DAS study, one of the
73
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homes had elevated basement air concentrations because of a spill.
The elevated basement measurements were excluded from the
analysis (i.e., only kitchen and bedroom air data were used). This is
considered reasonable because spills are likely to be an infrequent
occurrence, and because pest control operators (PCOs) are trained
to promptly clean spills that occur during application. However,
possible applicator error, unreported, undetected or unremediated
spills can contribute to air concentration measurements.
The available data suggest that temperature influences indoor
chlorpyrifos concentrations resulting from termiticide treatments
(i.e. .warmer temperatures are associated with higher concentrations).
In the DAS study, 26 of 31 homes were from the South or warm
climates. Therefore, it is possible that the air concentrations used in
this assessment represent high-end estimates, that could
overestimate exposures for treated houses in more temperate
climates.
There are uncertainties associated with the incremental TWAs
air concentration calculations. Based on the mitigation plan, HED
calculated the incremental TWAs by adjusting the air measurements
associated with a 0.7-1% ai product application to 0.5% assuming
that there is a linear relationship between percent ai and resulting air
concentrations. This assumption is considered reasonable, although
it could under- or over-estimate the air concentrations associated with
0.5% a.i. product application. In addition, the 1-year incremental
TWA concentration may be overestimated for two basement homes,
because one year air concentration measurements were not
available. HED assumed the 90 day air concentration remained
constant from 90 to 365 days. This assumption only impacts two
basement homes (B1 and B2), both of which had 1 year MOEs less
than 1000, but 90 day MOEs greater than 1000.
Exposure Assumptions. The assumptions used to estimate
exposures are based on USEPA recommended values (Exposure
Factors Handbook), and are designed to be conservative for the
majority of the population. These estimates could be conservative for
children that do not spend their entire day at home (i.e., those that
attend day-care, pre-school, and/or school). This assessment
assumed that children aged 1-6 years are exposed to chlorpyrifos air
concentrations in a treated home for 20 hours/day, 7 days/week, for
up to 1 year.
Summary: In summary, HED believes that individuals are
unlikely to experience adverse health effects from termiticide use of
chlorpyrifos, even though a few of the child MOEs are below 1000.
74
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Based on the uncertainties described above, the 90 day risk
estimates may be underestimated, while the 1 year risk estimates
may be overestimated. Overall, HED believes that the risk estimates
are bounded by the ranges presented in Table 15. As shown on
Table 15, the lowest 90-day and 1-year MOEs for an individual house
are 440 and 270, respectively and the highest estimates are 13,000
and 9,500, respectively. Although some MOEs are less than 1000,
there is an additional 3 to 10 fold buffer because of the difference
between the NOAEL and the LOAELs. In addition, a number of
conservative assumptions were incorporated into these MOEs, such
as assuming that all children spend 20 hours/day, 7 days/week for up
to 1 year in a treated home.
Mitigation measures will further reduce exposures and risk.
For example, the removal of whole house barrier treatment
addressed the exposures of most concern. It is expected that the
limited spot and localized treatment, and pre-construction treatments
would represent less exposure and risk. Based on the mitigation
plan, and best professional and scientific judgement, HED concludes
that the termiticide risk does not raise a concern and that individuals
are unlikely to experience adverse health effects from termiticide
treatments conducted according to the label. This conclusion is
based on the conservative assumptions, the risk mitigation
measures, coupled with the uncertainties of the toxicity endpoints and
the air measurements.
75
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Table 9
Exposure Variables and MOEs for Agricultural Uses
(Including Non Worker Protection Standard Ornamental Uses) of Chlorpyrifos
Exposure Scenario
(Scenario*)
Are Biological
Monitoring
Data Available?
(a)
Application Rates
(Ib ai/acre) (b)
Daily Acres
Treated (c)
Short-Term PPE
MOEs
Dermal
Inhalation
Total
Short-Term Eng. Control MOEs
Dermal
Inhalation
Total
Mixer/Loader Exposure
Mixing/Loading
Liquids for
Aerial/Chemigation
Application (1a)
Mixing/Loading
Liquids for
Groundboom
Application (1b)
Mixing/Loading
Liquids for Airblast
Application (1c)
Mixing WP for
Aerial/Chemigation
Application (2a)
Mixing WP for
Groundboom
Application (2b)
Yes
MRIDNo.
44739302
Yes
MRIDNo.
42974501
Yes
MRIDNo.
43138102
No
Yes
MRIDNo.
42974501
1.5 cranberries,
corn
3.5 citrus (d)
1.5 predominant
max
5.0 tobacco max
2 Sodfarm
(includes tobacco/
potatoes)
4 Sodfarm
8.0 sodfarm fire
ants
2.0 predominant
max such as Fruits
&Nuts
6.0 citrus
2.0 predominant
max (orchards)
3.5 citrus (d)
1.0 predominant
max (brassica)
4.0 soil treatment
ornamentals
outdoors
1.3 &3.0 Sodfarm
350
100
80
80
80
80
10
40
20
350
100
80
10
80
39
59
170
51
130
64
260
260
170
56
83
240
73
180
91
360
360
240
23
34
100
30
75
38
150
150
100
DAS is not supporting the open bag
formulation for the WP
78
120
160
240
52
78
Target MOE reached at PPE
100
250
130
210
530
260
69
170
86
Target MOE reached at PPE
Target MOE reached at PPE
Target MOE reached at PPE
51
100
450
890
340/150
42
83
360
730
280/120
23
46
200
400
150/67
76
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Table 9
Exposure Variables and MOEs for Agricultural Uses
(Including Non Worker Protection Standard Ornamental Uses) of Chlorpyrifos
Exposure Scenario
(Scenario*)
Mixing WP for
Airblast Application
(2c)
Loading Granulars
for Aerial Application
(3a)
Loading Granulars
for Ground
Application (3b)
Are Biological
Monitoring
Data Available?
(a)
No
No
Yes
MRIDNo.
44483501 (3b
and 8)
Application Rates
(Ib ai/acre) (b)
8.0 sodfarm fire
ants (harvest only)
2.0 predominant
max
6.0 citrus
1.95 maximum
aerial rate
1.0 typical corn
2.0 max corn
3.0 maximum
ground rate
(tobacco)
Daily Acres
Treated (c)
10
40
20
350
80
80
80
Short-Term PPE
MOEs
Dermal Inhalation Total
150 30 25
1300 260 210
640 130 110
430 86 71
Short-Term Eng. Control MOEs
Dermal
4500
450
300
3000
Inhalation
3600
360
240
300
Total
200
200
130
270
Target MOE reached at PPE
Target MOE reached at PPE
8600
860
780
Applicator Exposure
Aerial (Spray) —
Enclosed Cockpit
(4a)
Aerial (Granulars) —
Enclosed Cockpit
(4b)
Groundboom
Tractor (5)
No
No
Yes
MRIDNo.
42974501
2.0 orchards
3. 5 citrus (d)
1.95
1.5 predominant
max
5.0 tobacco max
4 Sodfarms
8.0 sodfarm fire
ants
350
100
350
80
80
80
10
No Open cockpit data available
No Open cockpit data available
The biological monitoring results (Table
A4) indicate that open cabs provide
insufficient protection . Therefore, only the
enclosed cab MOEs are presented.
100
200
320
580
180
220
880
150
290
8
1400
410
510
2000
60
120
8
410
120
150
610
77
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Table 9
Exposure Variables and MOEs for Agricultural Uses
(Including Non Worker Protection Standard Ornamental Uses) of Chlorpyrifos
Exposure Scenario
(Scenario*)
Airblast Applicator
(6)
Tractor-Drawn
Granular Spreader
(7)
Seed Treatment (8)
Dip Application
(Preplant Peaches)
(9)
Are Biological
Monitoring
Data Available?
(a)
Yes
MRIDNo.
43138102
Yes
MRIDNo.
44483501 (3b
and 8)
No
No
Application Rates
(Ib ai/acre) (b)
2.0 predominant
max
6.0 citrus
1.0 typical corn
2.0 max corn
3.0 maximum
ground rate
(tobacco)
No Data
No Data
Daily Acres
Treated (c)
40
20
80
80
80
No Data
No Data
Short-Term PPE
MOEs
Dermal
Inhalation
Total
The biological monitoring results indicate
that open cabs are insufficient.
1000
520
350
360
180
120
270
140
90
No Data
No Data
Short-Term Eng. Control MOEs
Dermal
230
150
Inhalation
190
130
Total
110
70
Target MOE reached at PPE
Target MOE reached at PPE
690
130
No Data
110
No Data
Flagger Exposure
Spray Applications
(10)
Granular
Applications (11)
No
No
2.0 predominant
max
3.5 citrus (d)
1.95
350
100
350
50
100
320
140
290
340
37
74
170
2300
4500
1400
2900
880
1800
Target MOE reached at PPE
Mixer/Loader/Applicator Exposure
Backpack Sprayer
(12)
Yes
MRIDNo.
43027901
0.0417 Ibai/gal
predominant max/
0.08 Ib ai/gal bark
beetle treatment/
0.03 Ib ai/gal stump
treatment
3.5 citrus bark
0.039 Ib ai/gal /750
ft2
40 gal/day
1 A/day
1000ft2
130/68/
180
63
4200
700 / 360 /
970
330
22000
110/58/
150
53
3500
Target MOE reached at PPE, except for
the higher concentration for the beetle
bark treatment
Not feasible
Target MOE reached at PPE
78
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Table 9
Exposure Variables and MOEs for Agricultural Uses
(Including Non Worker Protection Standard Ornamental Uses) of Chlorpyrifos
Exposure Scenario
(Scenario*)
Low Pressure
Handwand (13)
High Pressure
Handwand
(greenhouse uses)
(14)
Hydraulic Hand-held
Sprayer for Bark/
Pine Seedling
Treatment (15)
Dry Bulk Fertilizer
Impregnation
Are Biological
Monitoring
Data Available?
(a)
Yes
MRIDNo.
43027901
Yes
MRIDNo.
43027901
No
No
Application Rates
(Ib ai/acre) (b)
0.0417 Ibai/gal
predominant max/
0.08 Ib ai/gal bark
beetle treatment/
0.03 Ib ai/gal stump
treatment
3.5 citrus bark
0.039 Ibai/gal/
750 ft2 animal
prem.
Min. 0.0033 Ib ai/gal
Max. 0.0066 Ibai/gal
3.5 citrus bark
0.08 Ib ai/gal bark
beetle treatment/
0.16 Ib ai/gal pine
seedling treatment/
0.039 Ib ai/gal /750
ft2 animal prem
1.0lbai/200lb
fertilizer /acre
Daily Acres
Treated (c)
40 gal/day
1 A/day
1000ft2
1000 gal/day
10
1,000
10000ft2
No Data
Short-Term PPE
MOEs
Dermal
570 / 300 /
790
270
18000
66
33
16
14/7
2,200
Inhalation
700 / 360 /
970
330
22000
88
44
100
88/44
13,000
Total
310/160
/440
150
10,000
38
19
14
12/6
1,900
No Data
Short-Term Eng. Control MOEs
Dermal
Inhalation
Total
Target MOE reached at PPE
Target MOE reached at PPE
Target MOE reached at PPE
Not feasible
Not feasible
Not feasible
Not Feasible
Target MOE reached at PPE
No Data
(a) Biological monitoring data are available from several chemical-specific studies. Although biological monitoring scenarios are available for some of the
scenarios as indicated in this table, passive dosimetry data are presented for comparison because insufficient replicates and/or additional risk mitigation
measures were necessary.
(b) Application rates are the maximum labeled rates found on EPA Reg. Nos. 62719-38, -221, -245, -34; -79, -72, -166, -220, 34704-66 (Clean Crop Chlorpyrifos
4E — sodfarm fire ant rate), 499-367 (499-367 is the only greenhouse label identified), and 10350-22 for animal premise treatments. "Predominant max" in
this table refers to the most frequently identified maximum application rate found on the labels for the specific formulation and equipment type. Typical
rates are also included to characterize the Chlorpyrifos uses. Not all application rates are included for all crops, instead, a cross-section of rates are used to
represent the uses of Chlorpyrifos.
(c) Daily acres treated are based on HED's estimates of acreage (or gallonage) that would be reasonably expected to be treated in a single day for each
79
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exposure scenario of concern. The sodfarm fire ant rate is restricted on the label for harvest only, therefore, this rate is limited to the amount of sod that may
be harvested in a reasonable time frame. Therefore, using the limited data available, approximately 10 acres treated per day are assumed to be the upper
range.
(d) The application rates on the Lorsban 4E (EPA Reg. No. 62719-220) and SOW (EPA Reg. No. 62719-39 discontinued as of 1995 and sold as -221) labels
indicate that for citrus at the 6.0 Ib ai/A rate it is necessary to use 100 to 2,400 gallons per acre dilute spray. Therefore, this rate is not expected to be
feasible for an aerial applicator. The label language should be clarified so that the 6.0 Ib ai/A rate is for ground only. Additionally, citrus orchards are believed
to be relatively small plots and 100 acres per day is assumed in the assessment for aerial applications.
80
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Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Clothing
Method of Evaluation
Dermal
MOE
Inhalation
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
Total
(1) Indoor Crack & Crevice Treatment
Long term PCO
Applicator
(0.29% Dursban Pro;
EPA Reg. 62719-
166)
double layer clothes,
chemically-resistant boots
and gloves, eye protection
Biomonitoring study
MRID No. 44444801
(minimum, mean and
maximum amount
handled)
17 (max)
59 (mean)
5900 (min)
58 (max)
200 (mean)
20,000 (min)
13 (max)
45 (mean)
4500 (min)
Central-tendency risk estimates for
applicators; MOEs less than 100 for
workers that could handle • 0.02 Ib ai/day
(the mean amount handled in the study).
Only two of 15 replicates reflect the
maximum label concentration of 0.5% ai.
(avg of 0.29% ai was handled in study).
Underestimates exposure to workers that
mix/load and apply chlorpyrifos because
study only evaluated applicators.
Short-term
Residential
Applicator (EPA Reg
026693-00003 for
1%ai; 239-2619 for
0.5% ai)
SS, SP, no gloves
Residential SOPs
(PHEDV1.1)
159(1%)
318(0.5%)
2540 (spot
treatment)
292(1%)
584 (0.5%)
4700 (spot
treatment)
100(1%)
200 (0.5%)
1600 (spot
treatment)
High-end risk estimates for 1 % ai; central
tendency for 0.5% ai; assumes application
of one 16 oz. aerosol can for both;
low-end to central tendency risk for spot
treatment which assumes 2 oz application
of 0.5% ai. product
(2) Broadcast Turf Application (Intermediate and Long-Term for PCOs; Short-Term for Residential Applicators)
Applicator
(1 or 4 Ib ai/Acre of
Dursban Pro, EPA
Reg. 62719-166)
single layer clothes,
chemically-resistant knee
high boots and gloves, hat
(knee high boots not
required by label)
Biomonitoring Study
MRID No. 44729401
(25% of label maximum
rate or adjustment for
label-recommended
max application rate)
Biomonitoring: 75(IT<)
(1 Ib ai/acre)
Label Max: 20 (IT<)
(4 Ib ai/acre)
Central-tendency risk estimates for 1 Ib
ai/acre; product applied at 25% of label
maximum. High-end risk estimates for 4 Ib
ai/acre (label maximum for subsurface soil
treatment). Study evaluated an average 1.5
hour spray time over a 6 hour work day
which may underestimate worker exposure
based on TruGreen/ChemLawn data for
193 workers that show an average spray
time of 2.75 hours over a 8.75 hour work
day.
Mixer/Loader (liquid)
(Dursban Pro, EPA
Reg. 62719-166)
single layer clothes,
gloves
260-1032
double layer clothes,
gloves
PHEDV1.1
(biomonitoring study rate
and 25% of maximum
label rate)
350-1400
500-1980(11)
150-600(LT)
170-680
(IT)
100-380
(LT)
200-820
(IT)
100-420
(LT)
Central-tendency to High-end risk
estimates; maximum ai handled in study
with maximum (4 Ib ai/acre) and 25% of
maximum label rate (1 Ib ai/acre),
respectively
81
-------
Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Residential
Mixer/Loader/
Applicator Broadcast
with Hose End
Sprayer (Dursban
1-12 Insecticide EPA
Reg 6271 9-56)
Residential
Mixer/Loader/
Applicator Spot
treatment with Low
Pressure Handwand
(Dursban
1-12 Insecticide EPA
Reg 6271 9-56)
(3) Golf Course Use (D
Mixer/Loader (Liquid)
Mixer/Loader
(Wettable Powder in
water soluble bags)
Groundboom
Applicator
Mix/Load/Apply via
Handgun
(greens/tees)
(Liquid)
Clothing
SS, SP, no gloves
SS, SP, no gloves
ursban Turf Insecticide; EPA
LS, LP, gloves
LS, LP, gloves
LS, LP, no gloves
LS, LP, gloves
Method of Evaluation
Residential SOPs
(PHEDV1.1)
(min and max dilution
rates)
Residential SOPs
Reg. 62719-35) (Short-term
PHEDV1.1
PHEDV1.1
PHEDV1.1
Biomonitoring (MRID
42974501)
PHEDV1.1
Dermal
6-23
37-150
95-380
220-820
160-630
MOE
Inhalation
368-1470
2490-9960
36-150
180-730
59-240
15-63
49-190
130-540
Total
6-23
37-150
26-100
100-400
43-170
15-63
36-140
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
Central-tendency to High-end risk
estimates; Low confidence in exposure
estimates from PHED V1 .1 ; assumes
resident handles 22 gallons of minimally
and maximally diluted product
Central-tendency to High-end risk
estimates; Low confidence in dermal
exposure estimates, and medium
confidence in inhalation exposure
estimates; assumes resident handles 1
gallon of minimally and maximally diluted
product to treat 1000ft2
High-end for 4 Ib ai/acre and central
tendency for 1 Ib ai/acre; assumes
handling product to treat 40 acres at 1-4 Ib
ai/acre. Using PHED only 4 Ib ai/acre
results in MOEs < 100 for liquid
mixer/loader (MOE=26). For groundboom
applicator, MOE < 100 based on
biomonitoring at both 1 and 4 Ib ai/acre.
HED has more confidence in the
biomonitoring results than PHED.
High-end for 4 Ib ai/acre and central
tendency for 1 Ib ai/acre; assumes
handling product to treat 5 acres at 1-4 Ib
ai/acre. Only 4 Ib ai/acre results in MOEs <
100
82
-------
Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Clothing
Method of Evaluation
Dermal
MOE
Inhalation
Total
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
(4) Ready-to-Use 0.5% a.i. Formulated Product (Ortho Ant Stop)
Short-term
Residential
Applicator
SS, LP, no gloves
Outdoor Biomonitoring
Study MRID No.
44739301
(5) Insecticidal Dust Product (Shaker Can or Bulbous Duster)
Residential A
Short-term
Worker (7% ai
Short-term
Intermediate term
625 (biomonitoring)
714
3,400
625
590
Central-tendency to high-end risk
estimate; assumes resident applies five 24
oz bottles of product/day, however, resident
wore long pants and current HED policy is
to evaluate exposures for short pants.
Risks calculated two ways, one using total
exposure based on biomonitoring, and
second by comparing estimated route-
specific exposure to appropriate toxicity
endpoints.
Dplicator (1% ai chlorpyrifos; 2.83 g ai) (EPA Reg. 62719-66, 62719-54, and 192-171)
SS, LP, no gloves
chlorovrifos: 7.91 or 198 a a
LS, LP, gloves
Scientific Literature Study
250
NE
250
Central-tendency to High-end risk
estimates; assumes an individual applies
a 10 oz can of 1% ai chlorpyrifos dust;
neglects inhalation exposure due to an
absence of data.
1 (EPA Rea. 13283-17. Rainbow Kofire Ant Killer!
Scientific Literature Study
98 (7.9 g)
3.9(198g)
20 (7.9 g)
0.8(198g)
NE
NE
98 (7.9 g)
3.9(198g)
20 (7.9 g)
0.8(198g)
Central-tendency short term risk
assessments for 7.9 and 198 g ai;
High-end intermediate-term risk estimates
for 7.9 and 198 g ai (based on size of dust
container); Neglects inhalation exposure
due to an absence of data.
83
-------
Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Clothing
Method of Evaluation
(6) Granular Formulation (Hand Application) (EPA Reg. 672719-14, 62719-210)
LCO (intermediate-
term)
Residential
Applicator (short-
term)
(7) Granular Formulati
LCO (intermediate-
term)
Residential
Applicator (short-
term)
(8) Granular Formulati
LCO (intermediate-
term)
LS, LP, gloves
Double layer clothing,
gloves
SS, SP, no gloves
LS, LP, gloves
PHEDV1.1
Residential SOPs
Dermal
MOE
Inhalation
Total
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
2 Ib ai/acre)
21
38
18
106
324
324
327
330
20
34
17
80
on (Belly Grinder) (EPA Reg. 672719-14, 62719-210) (2 Ib ai/acre)
LS, LP, gloves
Double layer clothing,
gloves
SS, SP, no gloves
on (Push-type Spreader) (EP
LS, LP, gloves
Double layer clothing
PHEDV1.1
Residential SOPs
A Reg. 672719-14, 62719-21
PHEDV1.1
8
12.5
3
69 (spot)
0)(2 Ib ai/acre)
57
100
120
120
120
36 (spot)
1150
1150
7
11
3
24 (spot)
54
92
High-end risk estimates; medium
confidence in PHED unit exposure
estimates which are based on a single
study in which a test subject wearing
chemical-resistant gloves spread the
granular formulation around the outside of
the residence and over 90 percent of the
samples contained no detectable material.
Therefore, residents also evaluated
wearing long pants, long sleeved shirt and
gloves. Assumes treatment of 1 000 ft2.
Could underestimate exposure because
PHED data excludes head and neck area.
Central-tendency risk estimates for worker;
High-end risk estimates for residents,
except for spot treatment. Low and high
confidence in the dermal and inhalation
exposure estimates, respectively.
Assumes treatment of 0.5 acre at typical
rate of 2 Ib ai/acre for subsurface feeding
insects. Could underestimate exposure
because PHED data excludes head and
neck area. Workers could treat more than
0.5 acre/day.
Central-tendency risk estimates for worker;
High-end risk estimates for residents. Low
and high confidence in the dermal and
inhalation exposure estimates,
respectively. Assumes treatment of 0.5
acre at typical rate 2 Ib ai/acre for
subsurface feeding insects. Oeulel
underestimate exposure because PHED
data excludes head and neck area.
Workers could treat more than 0.5 acre/day.
84
-------
Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Residential
Applicator (short-
term)
Clothing
SS, SP, no gloves
Method of Evaluation
Residential SOPs
Dermal
120
MOE
Inhalation
1150
Total
110
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
85
-------
Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Clothing
Method of Evaluation
Dermal
MOE
Inhalation
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
Total
Termiticide Treatments
(9)
Pre-Construction (1.44% chlorpyrifos as Dursban TC) (EPA Reg. 62719-47) (long-term)
Mixer/Loader/
Applicator (3 hour
average exposure)
label-specified PPE:
single layer clothes and
forearm-length
chemically-resistant
gloves (forearm length
gloves not required by
label)
double layer clothes
(LS.LP, coveralls, rubber
boots, and forearm-length
gloves) (forearm-length
gloves not required by
label)
Dosimetry and air
monitoring from
Registrant Study
MRID No. 44589001
19
63
67
67
15
33
Low-end risk estimates for workers that
wore double layer of clothing and forearm
length gloves not required by the label;
Central-tendency risk estimates for workers
that wore a single layer of clothing and
forearm length gloves; assumes 3 hour
exposure, which could underestimate risks
to workers exposed > 3 hrs/day, or that use
2% ai to treat utility poles or fences
Tarp puller
with forearm-length
gloves (LS.LP, leather
and/or rubber boots and
hat)
without gloves (LS.LP,
leather and/or rubber
boots and hat)
Dosimetry and air
monitoring from
Registrant Study (1-8
tarps)
MRID No. 44589001
170-1300
180-1400
87 (8 tarps)
690
d tarp)
47-370
240-2000
39 (8 tarps)
310
(1 tarp)
Central-tendency risk estimates; assumes
workers pull 1-8 tarps/day (7 min/tarp),
could underestimate risks to workers who
pull > 8 tarps/day (i.e., >1 hr exposure/day).
All total MOEs < 100 for 8 tarp/day. Also,
workers wore forearm length gloves not
required by the label which reduce
estimated exposure.
(10) Post-Construction (1% chlorpyrifos as Dursban TC) (EPA Reg. 62719-47) (long-term)
Mixer/Loader/
Applicator
Label-specified PPE: LS,
LP, chemically resistant
gloves, hat, eye protection
and half face piece
respirator in confined
spaces;
During M/L: 2 layers
clothes and chemically-
resistant shoes
Biomonitoring: 4.3
MRID No. 44729402
(n=5)
Dosimetry and air
monitoring
MRID No. 44729402
(n=14)
12
33
Central-tendency risk estimate, could
underestimate risks for workers that apply
2% ai to treat utility poles or fences
Central-tendency risk estimate; excludes
worker with higher exposure (10X greater
than mean) due to a broken hose
86
-------
Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Clothing
Method of Evaluation
Dermal
MOE
Inhalation
Total
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
(11) Paint Brush (Short-term) (Dursban 1-12 Insecticide, EPA Reg. 62719-56)
Residential
Applicator
(12) Ornamental Appli
Residential
Mixer/Loader/
Applicator
Low pressure
Handwand
Residential
Mixer/Loader/
Applicator
Hose End Sprayer
SS, SP, no gloves
cation (Short-term) (Dursban
SS, SP, no gloves
SS, SP, no gloves
Residential SOPs;
1 gallon for worst case
and 1 quart for typical
case
1-12 Insecticide, EPA Reg.
Residential SOPs
(minimum :
1 oz/3gal H20)
Residential SOPs
(typical 4 oz/3_gal H20J
Residential SOPs
(max. 1 qt/3 qal H2O)
Residential SOPs
(minimum :
1 oz/3gal H20)
Residential SOPs
(typical 4 oz/3_gal H20J
Residential SOPs
(max. 1 qt/3 qal H2O)
37(1 gal)
148(1 qt)
62719-56)
270
70
8
900
230
28
590(1 gal)
2300(1 qt)
18,000
4,700
560
57,000
15,000
1,800
35(1 gal)
140(1 qt)
270
69
8
880
230
28
Central-tendency risk estimates for typical
case and high end risk estimates for worst
case; low to medium confidence in dermal
exposure estimates and medium
confidence in inhalation exposure
estimates; Assumes resident applies 1
gallon or 1 quart of diluted product in a day
Central-tendency to high-end risk
estimates; low and medium confidence in
the dermal and inhalation exposure
estimates, respectively. Assumes resident
applies 5 gallons of diluted product/day.
Central-tendency to high-end risk
estimates; low confidence in the dermal
and inhalation exposure estimates.
Assumes resident applies 5 gallons of
diluted product/day.
(13) Mosquitocide Mixer/Loader/Applicator (PHED V1.1) (Short- and intermediate-term) (Mosquitomist One EPA Reg. 8329-24)
Mixer/Loader-Aerial
PPE double layer clothes
and gloves
Engineering Controls
(enclosed cockpit)
single layer clothes and
gloves
PHEDV1.1
120 (ST)
24 (IT)
236 (ST) 47
(IT)
34 (ST&IT)
490 (ST&IT)
26 (ST)
14 (IT)
160(ST)43
(IT)
High end risk estimates. Application rate of
0.023 Ib ai/acre for 7500 acres
87
-------
Table 10. Estimates of Risks to Commercial Applicators and Residents
Applying Chlorpyrifos in the Residential/Recreational Environment
Application Scenario
Mixer/Loader—
Ground-based
fogger
Aerial Applicator
Ground-based
fogger Applicator
Clothing
PPE, single layer clothes
and gloves
engineering controls
(enclosed cab) and single
layer clothes and gloves
engineering controls
(enclosed cockpit) and
single layer clothes and
no gloves
engineering controls
(enclosed cab) and single
layer clothes and no
gloves
Method of Evaluation
Dermal
1010 (ST)
200 (IT)
270 (IT)
400 (ST)
81 (IT)
610-1230
(ST)
120-250
(IT)
MOE
Inhalation
390 (ST&IT)
2800 (IT)
600 (ST&IT)
520-1040
(ST)
520-1 040 (IT)
Total
280 (ST)
133 (IT)
250 (IT)
240 (ST)
71 (IT)
280-560
(ST)
100-200
(IT)
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
High end risk estimates. Application rates
of 0.005 and 0.01 Ib ai//acre for 3000 acres.
Surrogate ground-based fogger exposure
data are not available, and therefore, it was
necessary to extrapolate from airblast
exposure data
High end risk estimates. Application rate of
0.023/acre for 7500 acres
High end risk estimates. Application rates
of 0.005 and 0.01 Ib ai/acre for 3000 acres.
Surrogate ground-based fogger exposure
data are not available, and therefore, it was
necessary to extrapolate from airblast
exposure data
LS=l_ong sleeves; LP = Long pants; SS = short sleeves; SP = short pants
H20 = water; ST = short-term (1- 30 days); IT = intermediate term (30 days to 6 months) LT = long term (> 6 months)
NE = Not evaluated
88
-------
TABLE 11
Crop Grouping Matrix by Potential for Dermal Contact
Potential for
Dermal
Contact
Low
Medium
High
Transfer
Coefficient
(cm2/hr)
2,500
4,000
10,000
Activities
Harvest
Sort/Pack
Harvest, stake/tie, scout,
irrigate
Irrigate
Late season scouting
Harvest
Cut/harvest, prune,
transplant, ball/burlap
Crops
Alfalfa, asparagus, small grains (wheat,
sorghum, milo), soybeans, cole crops, mint
Sugar beets, radishes, rutabagas
Cranberries, strawberries
Christmas trees
Cotton
Sunflowers, sugar beets, corn (up to 1 .5 Ib ai/A
as a foliar treatment), sweet potatoes,
radishes, rutabagas, turfgrass (sodfarm) for
fire ants, almond harvesting
Christmas trees
TABLE 12
Restricted Entry Intervals (REIs) for Chlorpyrifos: General
Potential for Dermal Contact
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
Scouting (Various Crops)
Short-Term REIs (days)
1 Ib ai/A
1
1
1
0
2 Ib ai/A
1
No Crops
1
1
Intermediate-Term REIs (days)
1 Ib ai/A
1
1
1
1
2 Ib ai/A
1
No Crops
2
1
89
-------
TABLE 13
Restricted Entry Intervals (REIs) for Chlorpyrifos:
Cauliflower, Citrus and Tree Nuts & Fruit
Activity
Scouts
Harvest!
ng
Pruning
(wet
cond.)
Pruning
(dry
cond.)
Short-Term REIs (days)
Mmonds
2
5
NE
NE
Apples
1
3
NE
NE
Pecans
0
1
NE
NE
Cauli-
flower
1 to 3
5 to 8
NA
NA
Citrus
2
5
4
2
Intermediate-Term REIs (days)
Almonds
2
7
NE
NE
Apples
1
4
NE
NE
Pecans
0
2
NE
NE
Cauli-
flower
1 to 3
7 to 10
NA
NA
Citrus
2
5
5
2
NE = Not Evaluated
Table 14
Chlorpyrifos Surrogate Occupational Postapplication Assessment for Golf
Course Turf Treatment
Crop
Golf
Course
Turf
Application
Rate
4.0
DAT
(a)
0
TTR
from
WP
(• g/cm2)
(b)
0.414
Mow/Maintain
Transfer coefficient =500
cm2/hr
Potential
Dermal
Dose
(mg/kg/day)
(c)
0.024
Short-
term
MOE (d)
210
Mow/Maintain
Transfer coefficient
=1 ,000 cm2/hr
Potential
Dermal
Dose
(mg/kg/day)
(c)
0.047
Short-term
MOE (d)
110
(a) DAT is "days after treatment."
(b) Turf Transferable residues (TTR) from MRID 448296-01 based on average of CA, IN and MS sites
following application of 4 Ib ai/ Acre of Dursban SOW.
(g) Dermal Dose = TTR (• g/cm2) x Transfer coefficient (cm2/hr) x conversion factor (1 mg/1 ,000) x 8
hr/day duration x dermal absorption x 1/70 kg body weight. The target MOE of 100 is based on
10x interspecies and 10x intraspecies.
(d) Short-term MOE = NOAEL of 5 mg/kg/day / Potential dermal dose (mg/kg/day).
90
-------
Table 15. Estimates of Post-Application Risks to Residents/Recreational Users
Reentry Scenario
Method of Evaluation
Central-tendency MOE
Adult
Child
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
(1) Crack & Crevice Treatment of Kitchen and Bathroom (0.5% Dursban Pro diluted spray, EPA Reg. 62719-166) (Short and Intermediate Term)
Maximum 1-Day Inhalation
Exposure:
10-Day TWA
Inhalation Exposure
Biomonitoring Study,
with environmental
measurements
560
670
130
360
Central-tendency to High-end risk estimates;
assumes exposure exclusively through inhalation and
that children spend 21 hours/day (50th percentile for
1-4 yrold at home) in a treated room (i.e., home,
schools, day care centers, etc). This could over-or
under-estimate risk because it is compared to a 90
day inhalation NOAEL for rats exposed 6 hours/day.
(2) Crack & Crevice Treatment Using Residential SOPs (0.5% Dursban Pro diluted spray, EPA Reg. 62719-166) (Short-term)
Dermal Exposure From
Carpets
Dermal Exposure From
Surfaces
Oral Exposure
Total Crack SCrevice
(Sum of 1 and 2)
Inhalation, Dermal and
Oral
Highest deposition
from untreated family
room in biomonitoring
study (room adjacent to
treatment) and
Residential SOPs
1950
3900
NE
390 (1 day)
440(10day)
1360
2700
4100
110(1 day)
240(10day)
Low-end risk estimates; highest deposition from
untreated room used in conjunction with updated
SOP assumptions (i.e., 5% of residues are
dislodgeable, 50% extracted in saliva, transfer
coefficients of 6,000 and 16,700 cm2 for children and
adults, respectively). Inadequate deposition data
collected in treated rooms in registrant study.
Central-tendency risk estimates. Inhalation estimates
are central-tendency to high end, but dermal and oral
exposure estimates are low end.
(3) Pet Collar Uses (11 month efficiency) (Long-term)
Dog Collar ( EPA No. 45087-49; 3.44 g ai); Cat Collar (EPA No. 4306-16; 0.93 g chlorpyrifos)
Total Exposure
Residential SOPs
670 (dog)
2500 (cat)
140 (dog)
530 (cat)
Central-tendency to high-end risk estimates; assume
that a total of 1 % ai is available from collar over 1 1
months only from dermal exposure. Assumes
incidental ingestion and inhalation are negligible.
Based on preliminary data, equivalent to
approximately 2 , 3 oM05 min per day of vigorous
dermal contact with collar, neck fur or back fur over 11
months.
91
-------
Table 15. Estimates of Post-Application Risks to Residents/Recreational Users
Reentry Scenario
Method of Evaluation
Central-tendency MOE
Adult
Child
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
(4) Termiticide Treatment Includes Risk Mitigation (adjustment to 0.5% ai as Dursban TC) (Intermediate and Long-term) (See Table A-1 , Appendix A)
Basement Construction
90-Day Incremental Time-
weighted- average (TWA)
1-Year Incremental TWA
Registrant study that
collected air
measurements in 7
homes from 7 days to 1
year post-treatment.
13,000
(2,100-30,000)
3,800
(930-8,800)
3800
(600-8700)
1,100
(270-2,500)
Median MOE with range of MOEs presented in
parentheses. Values adjusted from 1% ai (typical
rate) to 0.5% ai (minimum rate). Assumes a child
spend 20 hours in a treated residence.
Crawl-Space-type Construction
90-Day Incremental Time-
weighted- average (TWA)
1-Year Incremental TWA
See comments under
basement construction.
7,300
(3,300-25,000)
1,800
(1,200-7,400)
2,100
(950-7,200)
530
(340-2,100)
See comments under basement construction.
Slab Type Construction
90-Day Incremental Time-
weighted- average (TWA)
1-Year Incremental TWA
See comments under
basement construction.
6,600
(1,500-20,000)
2,100
(960-7,600)
1,900
(440-5,800)
600
(280-2,200)
See comments under basement construction.
Plenum-Type Construction
90-Day Incremental Time-
weighted- average (TWA)
1-Year Incremental TWA
See comments under
basement construction.
6,600
(1,600-22,000)
2,600
(940-9,500)
1,900
(460-6,400)
760
(270-2,700)
See comments under basement construction.
1-Year incremental TWA based on five houses, due to
insufficient sampling for two houses. Sampling not
conducted beyond days 30 and 7 for houses P-6 and
P-7, respectively. Based on available data, these
houses had higher air concentrations than the other
houses.
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Table 15. Estimates of Post-Application Risks to Residents/Recreational Users
Reentry Scenario
Method of Evaluation
Central-tendency MOE
Adult
Child
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
(5) Insecticidal Dust Products (Insufficient data to evaluate; see text)
Broadcast Turf Application (Residential/Recreational) (Short-term)
(6) Chlorpyrifos Spray (Dursban Turf Insecticide)
Inhalation
Dermal
Oral
Total Absorbed Dose
Total Absorbed Dose
Biomonitoring Study,
with environmental
measurements.
Application of 0.29%
Chlorpyrifos spray at 4
Ib ai/acre
Biomonitoring Study
with adjustment for
1 Ib ai/acre
170
10
NE
Average: 9 -24
Maximum: 5.6-15
Average: 36-96
20
12
400
Average: 7.5-15
Maximum: 6-12
Average: 30-60
Average represents central-tendency risk estimates
based on arithmetic mean exposure from
biomonitoring study in adults, where Chlorpyrifos
applied at the maximum label rate of 4 Ib ai/acre.
Based on 2 hour dermal contact with lawn the day of
treatment. Maximum represents the highest exposed
individual in the study. Study does not adequately
address frequent hand to mouth activity of children, or
incidental ingestion of soil or residues on treated
grass by children. Application at typical rate of 1 Ib
ai/acre would potentially result in lower exposures
Low to Central-tendency risk estimates, based on
typical application rate of 1 Ib ai/acre.
(7) Granular Formulation of 0.5% Chlorpyrifos (Dursban Insecticide) (1.8 Ib ai/acre)
Inhalation
Dermal
Oral
Total Absorbed Dose
Biomonitoring Study,
with environmental
measurements
330
190
NE
Average: 110-120
Maximum: 42-45
400
90
6000
Average: 73-75
Maximum: 29
Average represents central-tendency risk estimates
based on arithmetic mean exposure from
biomonitoring study in adults. Based on 2 hour
dermal contact with lawn the day of treatment; does
not adequately address frequent hand to mouth
activity of children, or incidental ingestion of soil or
granules by children. Maximum MOE is for the
highest exposed individual in the study.
(8) Golf Course Treatment (Dursban Turf Insecticide; EPA Reg 62719-35) (1-4 Ib ai/acre) (Short-term)
Adolescent Golfer (12 yrs;
44kg)
Residential SOPs and
surrogate residue data
360 (4 Ib ai/acre)
1500(1 Ib ai/acre)
High-end risk estimates. Assumes exclusively
dermal exposure the day of turf treatment Assumes a
from flurprimidol study
the day of treatment
4 hour exposure for a 18 hole round of golf.
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Table 15. Estimates of Post-Application Risks to Residents/Recreational Users
Reentry Scenario
Adult Golfer
Method of Evaluation
Central-tendency MOE
Adult
600 (4 Ib
2400(1 Ib
Child
ai/acre)
ai/acre)
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
94
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Table 15. Estimates of Post-Application Risks to Residents/Recreational Users
Reentry Scenario
Method of Evaluation
(9) Aerial and Ground-Based Fogger Mosquitocide Ap
Dermal
Oral (hand to mouth)
Oral (Turfgrass Ingestion)
Oral (Soil Ingestion)
Total Exposure
Literature studies, the
AgDrift Model and the
updated Residential
SOPs
Central-tendency MOE
Adult
Child
Risk Characterization/
Uncertainties
Dlication (Mosquitomist One, EPA Reg. 8329-24) (0.01 Ib ai/acre) (Short-term)
42,000
NE
NE
NE
42,000
26,000
13,000
54,000
20,000,000
15,000
High-end risk estimates based on the updated
Residential SOPs. Assumes long-term inhalation
exposure is negligible based on low application rate
and infinite dilution.
(10) Yard and Ornamental Sprays (Evaluated based on analogy to Lawn Products; see text)
(11) Perimeter Treatment of Residence (Dursban Pro, EPA Reg. 62719-166)
Dermal
Oral (hand to mouth)
Oral (Soil Ingestion)
Updated Residential
SOPs Residential
NE
NE
NE
4.35 Ib ai/acre) (Short-term)
8 minutes of play
is equivalent to a
MOE of 1000
7 hand to mouth
events is
equivalent to a
MOE of 1000
MOE = 2300
High-end risk estimates based on the updated
Residential SOPs. Assumes a child plays on treated
turf the day of treatment. The most critical items are
the probability that a child would play within 6 to 10
feet of a residence and for what duration a child would
be in the treatment zone.
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4.4.4.4 Incident Reports
Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used insecticides in the
home both by consumers and PCOs or exterminators. In a 1990
EPA-sponsored survey of pesticide use in households, chlorpyrifos
was the fourth most commonly used insecticide, present in 18% of all
households. A 1993 EPA survey of PCOs found it was the number
one insecticide in use and accounted for a quarter of the poundage
used in residential settings. Consequently, there have been many
reports of human exposure and poisonings due to the widespread
use of chlorpyrifos. The human poisoning incidents associated with
chlorpyrifos exposure have been evaluated and summarized in the
attached memorandum from J. Blondell to D. Smegal, April 20, 2000.
HED notes that approximately 98% of chlorpyrifos exposures
discussed below are due to products removed under the risk
mitigation plan.
Data from the Nation's Poison Control Centers in 1996
reported approximately 116,000 unintentional exposures to all
pesticides, of which, 16% were due to organophosphate (OP)
pesticides, and 5,188 or 4.5% were attributed to chlorpyrifos. These
numbers are based on exposures to single products, a small
proportion of which may contain additional active ingredients besides
chlorpyrifos. Given that 30% of the organophosphate poisonings
were not specifically identified by active ingredient, the actual number
of chlorpyrifos cases is probably close to 7,000 or 6% of all pesticide-
related exposures. Many of these exposures involve small children
who were exposed but never developed symptoms. In 1996 there
were 1,109 symptomatic cases related to chlorpyrifos that were
judged to have effects related to the exposure, although most (83%)
had only minor symptoms (e.g., headache, nausea, vomiting,
dizziness and diarrhea) that could be treated at home. From 1993
through 1996, there were an average of 116 unintentional chlorpyrifos
cases per year with moderate to severe outcomes (including one
fatality) reported in residential settings.
The possibility of risk from chlorpyrifos exposure is very similar
to the other OP pesticides (e.g., diazinon, malathion, dichlorvos) that
have significant residential uses for both children and adults. The one
exception is the percent of cases with fatal or life-threatening
outcome (not including suicide attempts), where chlorpyrifos had the
highest percentage (0.46% based on 18 cases) of any of the other 13
OP pesticides, that was 50% higher than any of the non-OP
pesticides. Between 1993 and 1996, there was one fatality and 34
life-threatening cases attributed to chlorpyrifos exposure. The fatality
was a 22 month old boy who accidently ingested chlorpyrifos that had
96
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been placed in a cup. Measures called for in the 1997 Chlorpyrifos
Risk Reduction Plan, in part, were aimed a preventing such poisoning
incidents.
Chlorpyrifos ranked third of the 13 OPs for serious outcomes
resulting from exposure to environmental residues left after
application or use. Environmental residues accounted for 15% of the
Chlorpyrifos exposures and 30% of the cases with serious outcomes
(moderate or life-threatening), which was double the incidence for
non-OP pesticides.
A particular concern with Chlorpyrifos are reports of exposures
and poisonings related to use by PCOs. A review of the Poison
Control Center data for four years (1993-1996) found over 1000
reports of exposure (250 per year) to Chlorpyrifos products that would
most commonly be used by PCOs in residential settings. A total of
325 of these cases were symptomatic, 241 cases were seen in a
health care facility, 35 were hospitalized and 16 were admitted to an
intensive care unit (ICU). Chlorpyrifos PCO products accounted for
9% of the exposures, but 21-24% of the life-threatening/fata cases,
hospitalized cases and cases seen in an ICU. Note that the number
of cases involving PCO products is relatively small compared to the
exposure and symptomatic cases involving consumer products. Just
4% of the product-identified Chlorpyrifos exposures in children under
age six involved PCO products, and for adults and children over age
six the figure was 15%. Also, some of the more serious cases, both
for PCO and homeowner products, were due to broadcast carpet
treatment, fogger and pet uses that were voluntarily canceled in 1997.
Another source of concern with all the OP pesticides, including
Chlorpyrifos, are the frequent anecdotal reports of chronic
neurobehavioral effects and multiple chemical sensitivity. Kilburn
(1999) documented neurobehavioral effects (including signs
consistent with peripheral neuropathy in 11 cases) among 22 patients
reporting exposure to Chlorpyrifos, 10 of which were self-referred and
12 referred by attorneys. In addition to these reports, there were 14
self-reported but unconfirmed cases (without medical documentation)
of chronic neurobehavioral effects submitted by Dow AgroSciences
during 1998-1999. Another 73 cases were reported to EPA during
the public comment period (October-December 1999) for
Chlorpyrifos. A few of these cases may have overlapped the reports
from Kilburn and Dow AgroSciences. Twelve of the 73 cases
provided some, often very limited, medical documentation of their
effects. Out of all of the cases reported by Kilburn, Dow
AgroSciences or directly to EPA there were only about 3-4 with
laboratory confirmation (e.g., reduced cholinesterase) of their
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exposures. Neurobehavioral effects reported include persistent
headaches, blurred vision, muscle weakness, fatigue, and problems
with mental function including memory, concentration, depression,
and irritability.
HED suspects that these chronic neurobehavioral effects are
caused by the acute poisoning, partly from a case-control study in
California partly from case-control (cross sectional) studies of other
OP pesticides similar to chlorpyrifos, and most recently from a NIOSH
study. With EPA support, NIOSH completed a study of 191 current
and former PCOs that apply chlorpyrifos as a termiticide in North
Carolina. An extensive battery of neurological and neurobehavioral
tests was administered. The study (Steenland et al. 2000), concluded
"this cross-sectional study of workers exposed to chlorpyrifos . . .
found few exposure related effects for most tests, including a clinical
exam. However, the exposed did not perform as well as the non-
exposed on pegboard turning tests and some postural sway tests.
Furthermore, exposed subjects reported more symptoms than non-
exposed subjects; this is a cause for concern because previous
studies lend some support to this finding." Among acutely poisoned
subjects the study stated, "Eight men who reported past chlorpyrifos
poisoning had a pattern of low performance on a number of tests,
which is consistent with prior reports of chronic effects of
organophosphate poisoning." Finally, the study noted the following
reservation, partly due to the relatively heavy exposure experienced
by study participants, "Although this was a relatively large study
based on a well-defined target population, the workers we studied
may not be representative of all exposed workers and caution should
be exercised in generalizing our results." (Steenland et al. 2000).
These findings are consistent with an earlier review that suggested
chlorpyrifos may be a cause of chronic neurobehavioral effects in
some subsets of sensitive people who have been poisoned (Blondell
and Dobozy 1997). In addition to the studies described above, DAS
has agreed to undertake an epidemiologic study of manufacturing
workers.
As noted previously, four uses of chlorpyrifos have been
voluntarily canceled and removed from the market: paint additives;
shampoos, sprays and dips used on pets; indoor broadcast flea
control products; and household foggers. Poison Control Center data
for 1993-1996 suggest that as many as 20-25% of symptomatic
exposures in residential settings were related to these uses. All of
these residential uses involve either concentrates or widespread
applications that involve greater potential for exposure to consumers
than do other forms and uses of chlorpyrifos. Therefore, substantially
less exposures and hazards are expected when additional years of
98
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poisoning surveillance data become available. DAS is continuing its'
efforts to monitor poisoning incidents through its agreement with a
Poison Control Center that takes telephone contacts from the public
and the health care community concerning chlorpyrifos. Follow up
information to determine the circumstances that lead to exposure and
poisoning should be useful.
4.4.5 Pet Incident Reports
A review and analysis of the poisoning incident reports on domestic
animals for chlorpyrifos was conducted in 1995 (attached memo from V.
Dobozy to B. Kitchens, January 23, 1995) and was updated in 1999
(attached memo from V. Dobozy to D. Smegal, April 26, 1999, D255514).
In the 1995 analysis, poisoning incidents in dogs and cats were categorized
as exposure by direct applications (flea and tick dips, sprays, collars, etc) or
by premise applications (household and lawn treatments). The analysis
found that the majority of the incidents in domestic animals involved cats,
although the chemical is registered only for use in flea collars for this
species. Cats that were exposed to products registered only for use on
dogs, mainly dips, experienced a high incidence of death (30%). There was
also evidence of misuse of treatment products, including practices such as
applying these products directly to animals and not removing pets from
premises during applications.
In 1996, PR Notice 96-6 was finalized, which requires the revision of
labels for all products administered directly to animals to ensure adequate
directions for use and warning information. In 1997, the registrant voluntarily
agreed to cancel chlorpyrifos registrations for indoor broadcast flea control
and direct application pet products (sprays, shampoos, and dips), except
flea collars, to establish specific protection measures for pets during and
immediately after application, and to expedite implementation of PR Notice
96-6 on pet products.
An evaluation of incident reports for domestic animals for the years
1996 through 1998 (memo from V. Dobozy to D. Smegal, April 26, 1999,
D255514) revealed that there has been a decrease in the percentage of
incidents resulting from exposure to products registered for direct use on
animals, but an increase in the percentage of incidents resulting from
premise exposure. In addition, deaths are still being reported, especially for
cats. The cancellation of indoor broadcast flea control applications and
products for direct application to dogs and cats should reduce the risk of
serious adverse reactions and deaths, however time is required to eliminate
all chlorpyrifos products from store shelves. Therefore, it may be premature
to review the Incident Data System (IDS) for evidence that these actions
were effective.
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4.5 Chlorpyrifos Exposure Estimates in the U.S. Population
Because of chlorpyrifos' extensive use on food and in homes and the
workplace, the majority of the U.S. population is exposed to this pesticide.
Literature studies, in addition to several of the registrant-submitted
biomonitoring studies, have estimated typical or baseline exposure to
chlorpyrifos by measuring the urinary excretion of 3,5,6-TCP, the primary
metabolite of chlorpyrifos. TCP has a biological half-life of approximately 27
hours, therefore, the urinary TCP levels reflect recent exposure. It should be
noted however, that exposure to chlorpyrifos-methyl, 3,5,6-TCP (the animal,
and plant metabolite and environmental degradate of chlorpyrifos and
chlorpyrifos-methyl), and trichlorpyr (a herbicide) also contribute to an
unknown degree to 3,5,6-TCP urinary concentrations, thus the chlorpyrifos
exposure estimates presented in this section represent an upper-bound
estimate. Chlorpyrifos contributes significantly more to urinary TCP than
chlorpyrifos-methyl and trichlorpyr based on relative annual U.S. usage of
approximately 21 to 24 million pounds of chlorpyrifos (of which
approximately 11 million are used in residential and recreational settings)
versus 92,000 pounds of chlorpyrifos-methyl and 700,000 pounds of
trichlorpyr.
HED has conducted a preliminary risk assessment for TCP, which is
in the attached memorandum from S. Kniznerto D. Smegal, D265035 June
5, 2000.
Table 16 summarizes the typical upper-bound baseline exposure to
chlorpyrifos estimated from the registrant submitted biomonitoring studies of
TCP measurements, and the scientific literature. These values represent
worst case estimates because all of the TCP was attributed to chlorpyrifos.
Registrant Residential Biomonitoring Studies
DAS recently conducted four biomonitoring studies to quantify
exposures to residential populations following the use of chlorpyrifos
products in the home. Volunteers were typically adults of both sexes
between the ages of 25 and 65. Other details were not provided (i.e.,
ethnicity). For all of these studies, baseline chlorpyrifos exposures of the
volunteers were quantified by analysis of urinary 3,5,6-TCP prior to
commencement of the study. Quantification of baseline chlorpyrifos
exposure for each volunteer was necessary in order to determine actual
exposure associated with a product's use. For each of these studies,
baseline TCP measurements were subtracted from total TCP
measurements to quantify chlorpyrifos exposure in the biomonitoring study.
In addition, residents were instructed to avoid chlorpyrifos exposure for
several days (typically one week to 10 days) prior to the measurement of
baseline levels. Therefore, the baseline exposures are most likely attributed
to dietary exposure of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl and TCP.
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In August 1999, DAS submitted a TCP Biomonitoring study that
assesses children's potential household exposure to chlorpyrifos and its
environmental degradate, TCP (MRID 44889501). The study evaluated
urinary TCP concentrations of 416 children 0-6 years of age in North and
South Carolina; 120 children were from households treated with a termiticide
containing chlorpyrifos, and 296 children were from households identified
from the general population sample. TCP was detected in 100% of the
children's urine. The 24 hour TCP excretion ranged from 0.09 to 75.79 »g
TCP/g creatinine/kg body weight, with a mean value of 1.19 • g TCP/g
creatinine/kg body weight. These values correlate to approximately 0.045 to
38 • g chlorpyrifos /kg/day, with a mean value of 0.6 • g/kg/day. It should be
noted that 73% (303/413) and 11 % (47/413) of the children in this survey
lived in homes that had been treated with a chlorpyrifos-containing
insecticide indoors or with a termiticide, respectively within the past year. In
addition, 64% of the children (264/412) also were from homes that had a
lawn treatment within the past year. HED is currently reviewing this study.
Scientific Literature
The study published by Hill et al. (1995) measured the biomarker
3,5,6-TCP in 993 adults (20-59 years old) participating in the National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey III, known as NHANES III from 1988 -1994.
The individuals were selected from a broad spectrum of the U.S. population
reflecting both sexes and different age groups, races/ethnicities, urban/rural
residences and regions of the country. 3,5,6-TCP was detected in 82% of
the individuals evaluated. The average TCP concentration was 4.5 • g/L or
3.1 • g TCP/g creatinine. The results of NHANES III differ significantly from
the NHANES II survey collected between 1976 and 1980, where only 5.8% of
the 6990 people evaluated had concentrations of 3,5,6-TCP greater than the
detection limit of 5 • g/L. In the NHANES III survey, 31% of the 993 people
had 3,5,6-TCP concentrations greater than 5 • g/L. It should be noted
however, that the lower detection limit of 1 • g/L in the NHANES III study
could partially account for the increased frequency of detection of 82%. The
results of this study are presented below in Table 14. It is possible that the
registration of chlorpyrifos-methyl for use on stored grains in 1985
contributes to the increased frequency and concentration of TCP
measurements between the NHANES II and III results. In addition,
chlorpyrifos-methyl was detected at greater frequencies than chlorpyrifos in
the 1991 -1997 Total Diet Study (FDA 1999). In this study, 100% of samples
for several commodities containing flour (i.e., whole wheat bread, tortilla
flour, rye bread, cracked wheat bread, english muffin, teething biscuits,
pretzels, fish sticks, white roll, and butter type crackers) contained
measurable chlorpyrifos-methyl residues.
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A recent study of 65 recently-exposed termiticide applicators
(Steenland et al. 2000) reported an average urinary TCP level of 629.5 • g/L,
compared to the 4.5 • g/L for the general U.S. population from Hill et al.
(1995).
The Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study, which is one of
the National Human Exposure Assessment Surveys (NHEXAS), evaluated
102 children ages 3-12 (mean 7.6 ± 2.9 yrs), stratified by those with more
frequent residential insecticide usage (personal communication with James
Quackenboss, March 1, 1999). This study was initiated to assess children's
actual exposures to pesticides. The study examined the relationship
between environmental concentrations and urinary biomarker levels of 3,5,6-
TCP from a population-based study of total exposure in urban and non-
urban children. Tap water, personal, indoor, and outdoor air, house dust,
and soil were monitored over 6 days while food and beverage monitoring
was conducted over 4 days. Urine samples were obtained for 87% (89) of
the study subjects. Preliminary data were presented at the International
Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEA) conference in Boston in
August 1998 (Adgate et al. 1998), where 92% of the 89 children had
measurable levels of 3,5,6-TCP in their urine. It should be noted, however,
that the study over sampled homes that frequently used pesticides, and 30%
of the households had used chlorpyrifos. The results from the metabolite
analysis suggest that these children have higher concentrations of 3,5,6-TCP
than was reported for the NHANES-III adult population (medians of 8 and 2
• g/L TCP, respectively) (Quackenboss et al. 1998). The final study results
are anticipated to be available in 2000.
Macintosh et al. (1999) evaluated urinary TCP levels in 80 individuals
in Maryland during 1995-1996. Up to six samples were collected from each
individual over a period of a year. TCP was detected in 96% of the 346
samples at a median concentration of 5.3 • g/L and 4.6 • g/g creatinine. The
geometric mean concentrations of TCP were significantly greater in samples
collected during the spring and summer of 1996 than in the preceding fall
and winter. In addition, the geometric mean TCP concentrations differed
significantly between Caucasian (GM = 5.7 • g/g creatinine) and African-
American (GM = 4 • g/ g creatinine) participants and among education levels
but were not significantly different among groups classified by gender, age,
or household income. The mean and median TCP concentrations in this
study (5.8 and 4.6 • g/g creatinine) are approximately twofold greater than
those measured in the NHANES III (3.1 and 2.2 • g/g creatinine, respectively)
(Hill et al. 1995), however the upper end of the distributions are
approximately equal. Individual urinary TCP levels varied over time and
were highly variable, indicating that a single measure of urinary TCP levels is
not sufficient to adequately characterize the relative magnitude of a person's
typical exposure to chlorpyrifos.
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Buckley et al. (1997) evaluated 18 nonsmoking adults from nine
homes in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas during the spring
and summer 1993. Urinary TCP was significantly higher in the summer
relative to the spring, and was correlated with air and dust concentrations.
TCP was detected in 77% (13/17) and 92% (11/12) of the spring and
summer samples, respectively at median concentrations of 1.9 and 3.2 • g/L,
respectively.
Table 16 summarizes the typical upper-bound baseline exposure to
chlorpyrifos estimated from the Hill et al. (1995) and DAS biomonitoring
studies of TCP measurements. These values represent worst case
estimates because all of the TCP was attributed to chlorpyrifos. All
exposure estimates have been normalized for creatinine excretion. The
assumptions and equations are presented in the footnotes.
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Table 16
Upper Bound Chlorpyrifos Exposure Estimates Based on
Biomonitoring of Urinary TCP
Source/Study
Sample
Size
Percent with
TCP in urine
Mean
Chlorpyrifos
Dose
• g/kg/day
95th Percent! le
• g/kg/day
Range of Chlorpyrifos
Dose
• g/kg/day
Residential Biomonitoring Studies
Child TCP Biomonitoring study
(0-6 yrs old,
North and South Carolina, 1998) (a)
Residential exposures from Lawn treated with
Chlorpyrifos Spray (MRID 43013501 ) (Adults) (b)
Residential Exposures from Lawn treated with
Granular Chlorpyrifos (MRID 44167101) (Adults) (b)
Residential Exposure from Crack and Crevice
Application (MRID 44458201) (Adults) (b)
Residential Exposures from Application of a Ready-to-
Use Formulated Product (MRID 44739301 ) (Adults) (b)
416
8
9
6
15
1 00%
1 00%
1 00%
1 00%
1 00%
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.12
1.32
NE
NE
NE
NE
0.045-4.7
0.09-0.6
0.21 -1.47
0.1-0.86
0.05-0.3
Literature Studies
Hilletal. 1995 (NHANES III)
(Adults, 1988-1 994) (c)
Macintosh etal. 1999
(Adults, Maryland, 1995-1996) (d)
Buckley etal. (1997)
(Adults, Texas, 1993)(e)
993
80
people
(329
sample
s)
18
82%
96%
Spring: 77%
Summer: 92%
0.2 (b)
0.37
0.52
1
ND-2
0.013-2.2
ND = not detected
NE = not estimated
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(a) Creatinine adjusted concentrations for 24 hour TCP excretion ranged from 0.09 to 15.8 • g TCP/g creatinine/kg body weight, with a mean
value of 1.19 • g TCP/g creatinine/kg. In the initial study, the highest child was 75.79 • g TCP/g creatinine/kg, which is equal to
approximately 38 • g/kg/day chlorpyrifos. A more recent submission, March 2000, reported lower levels of TCP in this child of 15.8 • g TCP/g
creatinine/kg, which is equivalent to approximately 4.7 • g/kg/day chlorpyrifos. The 95th percentile was 2.63 • g TCP/g creatinine/kg.
Assumes child specific body weight, and average creatinine excretion of 0.2 g/day from 416 children. Assumes steady-state between
exposure and excretion.
(b) Based on pre-study 3,5,6-TCP results in urine. See HED study reviews for details
(c) Creatinine adjusted concentrations of mean 3.1 and maximum of 34 • g TCP/g creatinine, respectively that assumes an average creatinine
excretion rate of 1.8 g/day (Tietz 1982), a body weight of 70 kg, and that 72% of chlorpyrifos is excreted in the urine. A molecular weight
adjustment was also made 350.6 chlorpyrifos/198 TCP. Assumes steady-state between exposure and excretion. Example calculation:
Dose (• g/kg/day) = [(3.1 • g TCP/g creatinine * 350.6/198 * 1.8 g/day) / (70 kg * 0.72 (fraction chlorpyrifos excreted as TCP)].
(d) creatinine adjusted concentrations of <0.2, 5.8, 16 and 35 • g TCP/g creatinine for minimum, mean, 95th percentile and maximum,
respectively. Assumes an average creatinine excretion rate of 1.8 g/day (Tietz 1982), a body weight of 70 kg, and that 72% of chlorpyrifos is
excreted in the urine. A molecular weight adjustment was also made 350.6 chlorpyrifos/198 TCP. Example calculation: Dose (• g/kg/day) =
[(35 • g TCP/g creatinine * 350.6/198 * 1.8 g/day) / (70 kg * 0.72 (fraction chlorpyrifos excreted as TCP)].
(e) Creatinine adjusted concentrations not presented. Median TCP concentrations of 1.9 and 3.2 • g/L and maximum concentrations of 6.4 and
11 • g/L for spring and summer, respectively.
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5.0 Aggregate Risk Assessments and Risk Characterization
The Food Quality Protection Act amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA, Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii)) require that for establishing a pesticide
tolerance "that there is reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate
exposure to pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and
other exposures for which there are reliable information." Aggregate exposure is the total
exposure to a single chemical (or its residues) that may occur from dietary (i.e., food, and
drinking water), residential and other non-occupational sources, and from all known or
plausible exposure routes (oral, dermal and inhalation). Aggregate risk assessments are
typically conducted for acute (1 day), short-term (1-30 days), intermediate-term (30 days to
several months), and chronic (several months to lifetime) exposure.
DAS has submitted a probabilistic Integrated Exposure Assessment (MRID No.
44104001, September 1996). This submission is in internal HED review, because the
Agency policy on aggregate probabilistic risk assessment is still in development. This
submission, however, has been used by the Agency in developing policy and will be
evaluated once this policy is finalized and has undergone peer review.
The total residential MOEs (dermal, inhalation, and inadvertent oral exposures) for
all the residential post-application exposure scenarios, except mosquitocide use, and golf
course use alone exceed HED's level of concern. In addition the acute dietary exposure
and risk estimates exceed HED's level of concern. However, HED conducted acute,
short-term and chronic aggregate assessments assuming the mitigation plan is adopted.
As noted previously, the mitigation plan would reduce potential chlorpyrifos exposures on
apples, grapes and tomatoes, and mitigate the residential/recreational exposures.
5.1 Acute Aggregate Risk
The acute aggregate risk estimate to chlorpyrifos addresses exposures from
food and drinking water. For the highly refined acute probabilistic dietary exposure
analysis, POP, FDA and NFS monitoring data were used to the greatest extent
possible, along with field trial data, and cooking and processing factors to assess
dietary exposures. This aggregate assessment incorporates the mitigation plan
(i.e., reduction of apple tolerance to 0.01 ppm based on dormant application,
reduction of grape tolerance to 0.01 ppm based on domestic use pattern and
deletion of the use on tomatoes).
With the mitigation measures, the chlorpyrifos acute dietary risk estimates
range from 4.1 % to 82% of the aPAD, with children (1 -6 yrs) being the highest
exposed population subgroup. Thus, the mitigated acute dietary (food) risk
estimate associated with chlorpyrifos exposure is below the Agency's level of
concern. Using conservative screening-level models, the acute estimated
concentrations (EECs) of chlorpyrifos in groundwater (SCI-GROW) range from
0.007 to 0.103 • g/L. The acute surface water EECs, based on upper-bound
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monitoring data results, are 0.026 to 0.4 • g/L, respectively. As shown previously on
Table 7, and on Table 17 below, the EECs are less than the DWLOCs for all
populations (highest EEC of 0.4 • g/L is less than the lowest DWLOC of 0.9 • g/L),
indicating that acute food and drinking water exposures (except possible well
contamination) do not exceed HED's level of concern. It should be noted that
neither the SCI-GROW model nor the monitoring data reflect concentrations after
dilution (from source to treatment to tap) or drinking water treatment. HED
concludes that acute aggregate chlorpyrifos exposure in food and water
does not exceed HED's level of concern.
Table 17
Summary of Acute Aggregate Exposure
Includes Risk Mitigation
Population
Subgroup (a)
U.S. Population
All Infants
(< 1 Year)
Children
(1-6 years)
Females
(13-50 years)
Acute PAD
(• g/kg/day)
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Food
Exposure
99.9th
(• g/kg/day)
(b)
0.237
0.258
0.410
0.201
Max. Water
Exposure
(• g/kg/day)
(c)
4.76
0.242
0.09
0.299
(a) In addition to the U.S. population (all seasons), t
Surface
Water
(Monitoring
Data)
(•g/L)
0.026 to 0.4
he most hig
Ground Water
SCI-GROW,
(excluding well
contamination)
(•g/L)
0.007 to 0.103
ily exposed su
Acute
DWLOC
(•g/L)
(d,e,f)
166
2.4
0.9
9
Dgroup
within each of the infants, children, female groups is listed.
(b) 99.9th percent!le exposure. Values are from Table 3 (and rounded).
(c) Maximum Water Exposure (• g/kg/day) = Acute PAD (• g/kg/day) - [Acute Food
Exposure (• g/kg/day)].
(d) DWLOC (• g/L) = Maximum water exposure (• g/kg/day) x body wt (kg) - water
consumed daily (L/day)]
(e) HED default body weights are: general U.S. population, 70 kg; adult females, 60 kg;
and infants/children, 10 kg.
(f) HED default daily drinking water rates are 2 L/day for adults and 1 L/day for
children.
Acute exposure to chlorpyrifos in groundwater as a result of well
contamination from termiticide use could potentially result in exposures of concern.
However, as noted previously, the groundwater exposures from well contamination
resulting from termiticide use are highly localized. The implementation of PR 96-7
for termiticides has reduced the reported incidents of groundwater contamination
resulting from termiticide treatments. For example, incidents associated with
termiticide use were 28.2 per 100,000 homes in 1997 (pre PR-96-7), and were 8.3
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per 100,000 homes in 1998 (post PR-96-7).
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5.2 Short-Term Aggregate Risk
The short-term aggregate risk estimate includes chronic dietary (food and
water) from chlorpyrifos uses, and short-term non-occupational exposures (i.e.,
residential/recreational uses). As noted previously, this aggregate assessment is
based on the mitigation plan that would reduce potential chlorpyrifos exposures in
food (apples, grapes and tomatoes) and in the residential/recreational environment.
This assessment evaluates potential exposures resulting from continued
chlorpyrifos use on golf courses at a reduced rate of 1 Ib ai/acre (i.e., risks to
golfers), in addition to potential exposures as a result of mosquito abatement
activities.
Table 18 presents the aggregate exposure estimates for chlorpyrifos from
diet and residential/non-occupational uses (golfing and mosquitocide abatement
activities). Based on the mitigation plan, it was assumed that children (1-6 years)
could be exposed to chlorpyrifos residues on turf as a result of ground-based
fogger applications of a chlorpyrifos-containing mosquitocide, and through dietary
exposures. Children 7-12 years were assumed to be dermally exposed to
chlorpyrifos residues while playing golf (the day of treatment), and to ingest
chlorpyrifos residues in the diet. Female residents were assumed to be
concurrently exposed to chlorpyrifos via mosquito abatement activities (i.e., dermal
contact with residues on turf), golfing (dermal contact turf residues the day of
treatment), in addition through dietary exposures. The results of the exposure
analysis for the individual scenarios are presented in detail in the Occupational
/Residential Exposure Chapter for the RED for Chlorpyrifos (D266562, June 2000).
As shown on Table 18, aggregate MOEs are greater than 1000 for children
1-6 years, children 7-12 years and females 13-50 years, and therefore do not
exceed HED's level of concern. Therefore, short-term DWLOCs were estimated to
account for potential drinking water exposures.
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Table 18
Summary of Aggregate Short-Term Exposure
Chronic Diet and Short-Term Residential Use
(Excludes Water)
Includes Risk Mitigation
Population
Subgroup
Children
(1-6 years)
Children
(7-1 2 years)
Females
13-50
Dietary Exposure
with Risk Mitigation
Chronic
Diet Exposure with FHE
(• g/kg BW/day) (a)/ MOE
0.008
MOE = 62,500
0.015
MOE = 33,000
0.006
MOE = 83,000
Short-Term Residential/Recreational
Exposure (• g/kg/day)/ MOE
Risk Mitigation
Mosquitocide
Postapplication
Oral
0.013
MOE= 38,500
NE
NE
Dermal
0.19
MOE= 26,000
NE
0.14 (c)
MOE= 36,000
Golf Course
Postapplication
Exposure
(1 Ib ai/acre)
Dermal
NE
3.4
MOE = 1,500
2.45 (c)
MOE = 2,000
Total Aggregate MOE
Estimate (b)
Diet and Residential/
Recreational
Exposure
Oral and
Dermal
12,000
1,400
1,900
NE = not evaluated.
FHE = Food Handling Establishment Use
(a) MOE calculated based on acute oral NOAEL of 500 • g/kg/day, and short-term dermal NOAEL of 5000 • g/kg/day for
dermal exposures. No dermal absorption is necessary because dermal NOAEL is based on a dermal rat study.
(b) Oral and dermal exposures were combined because the oral and dermal endpoints are both based on plasma and
RBC ChE inhibition.
(c) Adjusted from 70 kg to 60 kg for aggregate exposure.
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The short-term DWLOC values are presented in Table 19. For each
population subgroup listed, the acute PAD and the chronic dietary (food) exposure
(from Table 4) for that subgroup were used to calculate the short-term DWLOC for
the subgroup, using the formulas in footnotes of Table 19. The EECs are less than
the DWLOCs for all populations (highest EEC of 0.1 • g/L is less than the lowest
DWLOC of 1.4 • g/L), indicating that chronic food and drinking water exposures
(except possible well contamination), in addition to exposures from mosquitocide
abatement and golfing activities do not exceed HED's level of concern. In
conclusion, potential short-term aggregate exposure to chlorpyrifos resulting
from food, water and residential/recreational use, assuming the mitigation
plan is adopted, does not exceed HED's level of concern. This analysis is
considered conservative because, HED assumed that there could be concurrent
residential and recreational exposures to chlorpyrifos (i.e., golfing and
mosquitocide abatement activities on the same day). In addition, neither the SCI-
GROW model nor the monitoring data reflect concentrations after dilution (from
source to treatment to tap) or drinking water treatment.
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Table 19
Summary of Short-Term Aggregate Exposure DWLOCs
Chronic Diet and Short-Term Residential Use
Includes Risk Mitigation
Population Subgroup
(a)
Children (1-6 years)
Children (7-12 years)
Females
(13-50 years)
Acute oral
NOAEL
(•g/kg/
day)
500
Short -Term
MOE
(Food and
Residential)
(• g/kg/day) (a)
1,200
1,400
1,900
MOE Water
(b)
1,090
3,450
2,100
Max. Water
Exposure
(• g/kg/
day) c)
0.4587
0.14
0.238
Surface Water
(Monitoring
Data) (• g/L)
0.026
Ground Water
SCI-GROW,
(excluding well
contamination)
(•g/L)
0.007 to 0.103
Short-Term
DWLOC
(•g/L)(d,e,f)
4.5
1.4
7.1
(a) Values are from Table 1 8.
(b) MOEwAiER = 1 / [(1/MOEAGG - [1/MOEpooD + 1/MOEDERMAL + 1/MOEoRAL ]), where MOEAGG is 1 000.
(c) Maximum Water Exposure (• g/kg/day) = Acute NOAEL of 500 (• g/kg/day)- MOEWATER
(d) DWLOC (• g/L) = Maximum water exposure (• g/kg/day) x body wt (kg) - water consumed daily (L/day)]
(e) HED default body weights are: adult females, 60 kg; and infants/children, 10 kg.
(f) HED default daily drinking water rates are 2 L/day for adults and 1 L/day for children.
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5.3 Intermediate-Term Aggregate Risk
Based on the mitigation plan, there are no residential/recreational uses that
result in exclusively intermediate-term exposures (i.e., > 30 days but less than 6
months). Therefore, an intermediate-term aggregate risk estimate was not
evaluated.
5.4 Chronic Aggregate Risk
The chronic aggregate risk estimate to chlorpyrifos addresses exposures
from food and drinking water. For the highly refined chronic dietary exposure
analysis, POP, FDA and NFS monitoring data were used to the greatest extent
possible, along with field trial data, and cooking and processing factors to assess
dietary exposures. This aggregate assessment incorporates the mitigation plan
(i.e., reduction of apple tolerance to 0.01 ppm based on dormant application,
reduction of grape tolerance to 0.01 ppm based on domestic use pattern and
deletion of the use on tomatoes), and assumes there are no chronic exposures from
termiticide treatments.
The chlorpyrifos chronic noncancer dietary risk estimates range from 2.5 to
51% of the cPAD, with children (1-6 yrs) being the highest exposed population
subgroup. Thus, the chronic dietary (food) risk estimate associated with
chlorpyrifos exposure is below the Agency's level of concern.
Using conservative screening-level models the groundwater EECs range
from 0.007 to 0.103 • g/L. The upper-bound surface water EEC, based on
monitoring data, is 0.026 • g/L. As noted previously, DWLOCs were calculated
based on food (including food handling establishment uses) and water exposure
alone to account for the mitigation options. The chronic non-cancer DWLOC values
were presented previously in Table 8, and are shown below on Table 20. For each
population subgroup listed, the chronic PAD and the chronic dietary (food)
exposure (from Table 4) for that subgroup were used to calculate the chronic
DWLOC for the subgroup, using the formulas in footnotes of Table 20. As shown,
the upper-bound EEC of 0.103 • g/L is less than the DWLOCs, and therefore does
not exceed HED's level of concern. It should be noted that neither the SCIGROW
model nor the monitoring data reflect actual drinking water concentrations after
dilution (from source to tap) or drinking water treatment.
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Table 20
Summary of Short-Term Aggregate Exposure DWLOCs
Includes Risk Mitigation
Population
Subgroup
(a)
U.S. Population
All Infants
(< 1 Year)
Children
(1-6 years)
Females
(1 3-50 years)
Chronic PAD
(• g/kg/day)
0.3
0.03
0.03
0.03
Chronic
Food Exposure with
FHE (• g/kg/day)
(b)
0.008
0.01
0.015
0.006
Max. Water
Exposure
(• g/kg/day)
(c)
0.292
0.02
0.015
0.024
Surface Water
Monitoring
Data (• g/L)
0.026
Ground Water
SCI-GROW
(excluding well
contamination)
(- g/L)
0.007 to 0.1 03
Chronic
DWLOC (• g/L)
(d,e,f)
10
0.2
0.15
0.72
(a) In addition to the U.S. population (all seasons), the most highly exposed subgroup within each of the infants, children,
female groups is listed.
(b) Values are from Table 4 (and rounded).
(c) Maximum Water Exposure (• g/kg/day) = Chronic PAD (• g/kg/day) - [Chronic Food Exposure + Chronic Residential
Exposure (• g/kg/day) (if applicable)]. Chronic residential uses were not considered based on mitigation options.
(d) DWLOC (• g/L) = Maximum water exposure (• g/kg/day) x body wt (kg) - water consumed daily(L/day)]
(e) HED default body weights are: general U.S. population, 70 kg; adult females, 60 kg; and infants/children, 10 kg.
(f) HED default daily drinking water rates are 2 L/day for adults and 1 L/day for children.
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As noted previously, long-term exposure to chlorpyrifos as a result of well
contamination from termiticide use could potentially result in exposures of concern.
However, the groundwater risk estimates from well contamination resulting from
termiticide use are highly localized. The implementation of PR 96-7 for termiticides
has reduced the reported incidence of groundwater contamination resulting from
termiticide treatments.
Although not all of the risk estimates for termiticide use achieve a margin of
exposure of 1000, the Agency believes that individuals are unlikely to experience
adverse health effects from the termiticide use of chlorpyrifos. This conclusion is
based on: the public health protective assumptions; the 1000 fold safety factor; and
the additional 3 to 10 fold cushion between the NOAEL and the LOAEL. Mitigation
measures will further reduce exposures and risk associated with the termiticide
use. For example, the removal of whole house barrier treatment addressed the
exposures of most concern. It is expected that the limited spot and localized
treatment, and pre-construction treatments would represent less exposure and risk.
In conclusion, based on the mitigation plan, and best professional and scientific
judgement, the Agency concludes that the chronic aggregate risk including
termiticide use, does not raise a concern.
6.0 Cumulative Exposure and Risks
The Food Quality Protection Act (1996) stipulates that when determining the safety
of a pesticide chemical, EPA shall base its assessment of the risk posed by the chemical
on, among other things, available information concerning the cumulative effects to human
health that may result from dietary, residential, or other non-occupational exposure to other
substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity. The reason for consideration of
other substances is due to the possibility that low-level exposures to multiple chemical
substances that cause a common toxic effect by a common mechanism could lead to the
same adverse health effect as would a higher level of exposure to any of the other
substances individually. A person exposed to a pesticide at a level that is considered safe
may in fact experience harm if that person is also exposed to other substances that cause
a common toxic effect by a mechanism common with that of the subject pesticide, even if
the individual exposure levels to the other substances are also considered safe.
Chlorpyrifos is a member of the organophosphate (OP) class of pesticides. All
pesticides of this class contain phosphorus and other members of this class of pesticides
are numerous and include azinphos methyl, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos,
dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, methamidophos, methidathion, monocrotophos,
oxydemeton methyl, phorate, phosmet, and pirimiphos-methyl to name a few. EPA
considers organophosphates to express toxicity through a common biochemical
interaction with cholinesterase which may lead to a myriad of cholinergic effects and,
consequently the organophosphate pesticides should be considered as a group when
performing cumulative risk assessments. HED recently published the final guidance that it
now uses for identifying substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity (FR 64(24)
5796-5799, Februarys, 1999).
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HED has recently developed a framework that it proposes to use for conducting
cumulative risk assessments on substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity.
This framework was presented to the SAP. The SAP was in general agreement with the
framework, and made recommendations for improving it. HED plans to release the
proposed framework for public comment in March 2000. The framework is available from
the Internet at: http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/. In the framework it is stated that a cumulative
risk assessment of substances that cause a common toxic effect by a common
mechanism will not be conducted until an aggregate exposure assessment of each
substance has been completed. The framework is expected to be finalized by the fall of
2000. When the methods are completed and peer reviewed, EPA will proceed with a
cumulative assessment of the organophosphates. The current assessment addressed
only the risks posed by chlorpyrifos.
7.0 Confirmatory Data
Additional data requirements have been identified in the attached Science
Chapters and are summarized here.
7.1 Toxicology Data for OPPTS Guidelines
HED has recommended and the registrant has developed a protocol for a
Repeated Exposure Neurotoxicity Study of Sensory Electrophysiology. This study
will also include measurement of neurotoxic esterase (NTE). It is expected that this
would be a 28 day 2 dose, oral exposure study. In addition to the
neurophysiological and neurochemical measures, neuropathological assessment
focused on central/peripheral axonopathic changes associated with OPIDN
(organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy should also be performed). This is
special study for which no single EPA guideline provides complete guidance. EPA
has a guideline for 28 day hen studies of organophosphates that may cause OPIDN
that includes guidance for neuropathology and NTE measurements (US EPA 1998;
870.6100). EPA has a guideline for examining peripheral nerve function (US EPA
85-SS1998; 870.6850) and a guideline for sensory evoked potentials (US EPA
1998; 870.6855). The current protocol for this special study has been developed by
the registrant working voluntarily in conjunction with EPA. While EPA has not
required this study, EPA maintains the right to require further study, based on
concerns for potential health effects, consistent with its obligations under FIFRA.
7.2 Product and Residue Chemistry Data for OPPTS Guidelines
7.2.1 Product Chemistry
Forty (40) MP's have been identified. Guideline 830.6314 data
requirements remain outstanding for the DAS 99% T. Data remain
outstanding for all other chlorpyrifos MPs; for many MPs no product
chemistry data have been submitted. The reregistration guidelines for
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product chemistry data requirements are complete, provided that the
registrants submit the data required in the attached summary tables for the
chlorpyrifos MPs, and either certify that the suppliers of starting materials
and the manufacturing processes for the chlorpyrifos technicals and
manufacturing-use products have not changed since the last comprehensive
product chemistry review or submit complete updated product chemistry
data packages.
7.2.2 Residue Chemistry
The following confirmatory data requirements and/or label revisions
for magnitude of the residue in plants (Guideline 860.1500) remain
outstanding or are now required:
For asparagus, no additional residue data are required. However, a
label revision is needed. The maximum equivalent rate of 1.9 Ib ai/A
specified by a homeowner-use label (EPA Reg. No. 62719-56)
should be adjusted to reflect the maximum registered rate of 1.0 Ib
ai/A for which adequate residue data are available. In a letter to the
Agency dated 5/8/95 the registrant committed to correcting the label
directions to 1.0 Ib ai/A at the next label printing.
For corn, label restrictions prohibiting feeding of silage, forage, or
fodder to meat or dairy animals are not practical and must be
removed from SLN DE930004 and FL940003 labels. Additional
data must be submitted to determine if established tolerances on
corn forage and fodder are adequate for these uses. Alternatively,
these SLN uses may be canceled.
For cotton, feeding restrictions for gin trash (gin by-products) are not
practical and must be removed from product labels. Appropriate
tolerances for cotton gin by-products must be proposed. The
proposal must be supported by adequate residue data conducted
according to the maximum use patterns.
For crops grown solely for seed (clover, and grasses), tolerance
proposals and adequate field residue data are required to support
SLN (Section 24-c) uses. The Oregon Clover Association has
indicated that it will support chlorpyrifos SLN (OR850032) use on
clover grown for seed. The requirements specified in the Addendum
to the Chlorpyrifos SRR remain outstanding. For grasses grown for
seed, appropriate tolerances for residues of chlorpyrifos perse in/on
grass forage and hay must be proposed. The proposal must be
supported by adequate residue data conducted according to the
maximum use patterns specified by NV940002, and OR94032.
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Alternatively, these SLN uses may be canceled.
For mint. Table 1 (OPPTS Test Guidelines 860, August 1996)
requires data for peppermint and spearmint tops (leaves and stems).
Mint hay is no longer considered a RAC. Additional data are
required for peppermint and spearmint tops (leaves and stems).
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For peppers, the requirements specified by the Addendum to the
Chlorpyrifos SRR to submit English translations of labels for all
products that permit use of chlorpyrifos on peppers imported to the
U.S. have not been fulfilled. Chlorpyrifos use on peppers was
approved at the issuance of the SRR, SLN (FL920007, FL920009,
GA930003, and GA930004).
For sorghum, data are required for aspirated grain fractions.
For the tree nuts group (almonds, filberts, pecans, and walnuts), the
Addendum to the Chlorpyrifos SRR did not require additional data to
support the established crop group tolerance. However, an
examination of the recently amended labels for the 4 Ib/gal EC
formulation (EPA Reg. Nos. 62719-23 and 62719-220) indicated that
a maximum seasonal rate of 10 Ib ai/A was inadvertently approved
for pecans. The available residue data, reflecting combined residues
of chlorpyrifos and TCP in/on pecans and other representative
members of this crop group, only support a maximum seasonal rate
of 5 Ib ai/A. If the registrant wishes to support a seasonal rate of 10 Ib
ai/A, then additional data are required. Alternatively, the labels for
pecans may be revised to reflect a maximum seasonal rate of 5 Ib
ai/A. In a letter to the Agency dated 5/8/95, DAS stated that they
would modify labels to reflect a maximal seasonal use rate of 5 Ib ai/A
for pecans at the next label printing. The latest approved label for
Lorsban 4E (EPA Reg. No. 62719-220), dated 4/8/96 did not include
this modification. The labels should be revised or appropriate
residue data supplied.
For wheat, data are required for aspirated grain fractions.
[Note: The field trial data submitted for asparagus, apples, sugar beets, and
tree nuts depict combined residues of chlorpyrifos and TCP. In the absence
of adequate data depicting chlorpyrifos perse on the commodities of these
crops, the established tolerances, for tolerance reassessment purposes,
should remain at the existing levels. It is the registrant's prerogative to
petition the Agency and submit additional field residue data depicting
chlorpyrifos perse in/on these crops if tolerance-level reductions or lower
anticipated residue calculations are desired.]
GLN 860.1520: Magnitude of the Residue in Processed Food/Feed
According to Table 1 (August 1996) OPPTS 860.1000 Test
Guidelines residue data for sorghum flour are not needed at this time
because it is used exclusively as a component of drywall, and not as a food
or animal feed item, in the US. However, because 50% of the worldwide
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sorghum production is used for human consumption, data may be needed at
a later time.
The requirements for processing data on alfalfa meal are waived
because residue data indicate that levels of chlorpyrifos perse are not likely
to exceed the established tolerance in alfalfa hay following tests conducted
according to registered uses. In addition, no sweet corn processing data
are required since adequate corn forage data are available.
The available processing data for apples and sugar beets depict
combined residues of chlorpyrifos and TCP. In the absence of adequate
data depicting chlorpyrifos perse on the processed commodities of these
crops, the established feed additive tolerances, for tolerance reassessment
purposes, should remain at the existing levels. It is the registrant's
prerogative to petition the Agency and submit additional processing data
depicting chlorpyrifos perse in/on these commodities if tolerance-level
reductions or lower anticipated residue calculations are desired.
GLNs 860.1850 and 860.1900: Confined/Field Rotational Crops
Provided that DAS modifies all labels for its chlorpyrifos containing
products to limit application to 5 Ib ai/A/season on those crops where
rotation to another crop could occur (as was stated in their letter to the
Agency dated 8/12/94), HED will not require field rotational crop studies.
Furthermore, a 30 day plant back interval for rotational crops would then be
appropriate.
7.3 Occupational Exposure Data for OPPTS Guidelines
HED has insufficient data for the following agricultural handler scenarios:
seed treatment uses
dip applications (e.g., preplant peaches)
dry bulk fertilizer applications to citrus orchard floors
These scenarios are of concern given the results from the other scenarios
assessed.
For postapplication agricultural worker exposures, there is insufficient
information (e.g., timing of applications - dormant/bark versus foliar treatments)
and exposure data to assess postapplication activities for ornamental and soil
incorporated uses. The data needed to assess these uses include ornamental
dislodgeable foliar residues in greenhouses and biological monitoring data for
reentry into treated areas with soil directed applications.
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In addition, HED could not evaluate the postapplication exposures and risks
associated with use of insecticidal dust products due to an absence of chemical-
specific data or recommended procedures in the Residential SOPs. Nevertheless,
HED has concerns about the use of these products based on the low MOEs
calculated using the surrogate data from the scientific literature for residents or
workers that could apply these products. HED recommends that the registrant
provide additional information on the potential post-application residential
exposures associated with these products.
HED requests additional data for indoor crack, crevice and spot uses of
chlorpyrifos. Specifically, HED requests treated room residue data for floors.
furniture and other surfaces available for contact by children for both chlorpyrifos,
and its primary degradation metabolite, 3,5,6-TCP following multiple treatments.
Additionally, HED requests chlorpyrifos air measurements in treated rooms
following multiple treatments (i.e., at a minimum 3 treatments 7 days apart).
Residue data for 3,5,6-TCP are important due to the potential for accumulation and
persistence of this environmental degradate.
HED requests confirmatory air monitoring data immediately following
ground-based fogger application due to potential concern for short-term inhalation
exposures.
In addition, HED requests exposure and/or environmental data for all
registered products and/or uses that are not assessed in this risk assessment.
8.0 References
Adgate, J., Quackenboss, J, Needham, L, Pellizari, P., Lioy, P, Shubat, P., and Sexton, K
. 1998. Comparison of Urban versus Rural Pesticide Exposure in Minnesota Children.
Annual Conference of International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) and
International Conference for Society of Exposure Analysis (ISEE). July 1998, Volume 9
No. 4. Supplement. Abstract 92 0.
Blondell, J., and Dobozy, 1997. Memorandum to Linda Propst: Review of Chlorpyrifos
Poisoning Data. January 14, 1997. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C.
Buckley T.J., Liddle J., Ashley D.L., Paschal D.C., Burse V.W., Needham L.L., and Akland
G. 1997. Environmental and Biomarker Measurements in Nine Homes in the Lower Rio
Grande Valley: Multimedia Results for Pesticides, Metals, PAHs and VOCs.
Environmental International. 23(5):705-732.
Campbell, C.G., Seidler, F.J, and Slotkin, T.A. (1997). Chlorpyrifos interferes with cell
development in rat brain regions (Brain Res. Bull 43(2): 179-189.
Capodicasa, E., Scapellato, M.L., Moretto, A., Caroldi S., and Lotti, M. 1991.
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Chlorpyrifos-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Arch Toxicol. 65:150-155.
Chanda, S.M., Mortensen, S.R., Barone, S., Moser, V.C., and Padilla, S. 1997.
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125
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55:124-132.
126
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APPENDIX A: Sensitivity/Susceptibility of the Young
The following summary has been extracted from the following report: "Chlorpyrifos
Children's Hazard: Sensitivity and Susceptibility" HED Doc No. 014074, March 28, 2000.
The entire document is also an appendix to the April 6, 2000 HIARC report (which is an
attachment to the risk assessment).
The weight of evidence provides appreciable support for the increased sensitivity of
the young compared to adult rats to the neurotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos and for the
susceptibility of the developing brain to chlorpyrifos. A number of different rat studies
clearly demonstrate that at a given oral dose the young rat will respond more to the
anticholinesterase effects of chlorpyrifos (as defined biochemically and behaviorally) than
adult animals. The differential found between pups and adult animals is a function of the
treatment dose, duration of treatment, timing of treatment (i.e., developmental stage) and
of measurements (i.e., time to peak effect), and the toxicological endpoint examined. At
high acute doses, chlorpyrifos is fatal to the rat pup, but produces no lethality and little to no
behavioral changes in the adult rat (e.g., LD10 and MTD doses = neonate-15 mg/kg; adult-
136 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). At the LD10 or MTD doses neonates are up to ~5-fold
more sensitive than adult rats to ChEl (brain and blood) and clinical/behavioral effects.
Furthermore, at a single treatment of 15 mg/kg, the down-regulation of the cholinergic
(muscarinic) receptors was more extensive in the pups than in adults treated with 80
mg/kg. The magnitude of change, the effective time points, and the brain regions involved
were different in pups versus adult rats. This suggests that the cholinergic receptors are
more readily altered in the pup following chlorpyrifos treatment. Although the consequence
of this is unknown, cholinergic receptors play an important role in normal brain
development.
The increase in sensitivity between young and adult animals appears to occur at
acute doses below 15 mg/kg. The study by Zheng et al. (2000) using lower dose levels
(ranging from 0.15 mg/kg to 15 mg/day) provides cholinesterase inhibition (ChEl) data in
7-day old animals and adult male rats showing a greater sensitivity (up to ~3-fold for RBC
and plasma, and perhaps at least 5-fold for brain) of pups compared with adult males. In
the Zheng et al. study, the adult did not respond at the high dose of 15 mg/kg for brain
ChEl. Thus, a difference in response greater than 5-fold can not be ruled out. Because of
the lack of data, the extent of differences in brain ChEl between pups and the pregnant
female rat remains uncertain. Although the young animal appears to recover at least two
times faster than the adult animal from the ChEl induced by acute chlorpyrifos treatment,
other toxicities (e.g., delays in brain development, behavioral effects) may persist or
appear at later times.
Repeated dosing with chlorpyrifos does not appear to result in an increase in brain
or blood ChEl in neonates relative to adults with one exception. Based on ED50'S, there is
a 1.5-fold difference in the response of PND 7 pups to brain ChEl compared to adult
males (Zheng et al., 2000). In contrast to the rapid recovery from ChEl observed with
acute chlorpyrifos treatments of neonates (Pope and Liu, 1997), repeated dosing with
127
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chlorpyrifos (every other day, 11 treatments during PND 1 to PND 21) indicates ChEl
persists for ~9 to >19 days depending on the dose administered (Tang et al., 1999). Body
weight changes and behavioral effects occur at ~3-fold lower doses in neonates versus
adult rats with repeated treatments of chlorpyrifos doses equal to or above 3 mg/kg/day.
It is apparent that cholinesterase activity is inhibited in the fetus if the dam is treated
with a chlorpyrifos dose which can be absorbed by the fetus. The magnitude of brain,
plasma, and RBC ChEl in the fetus is less or equal to that observed in dams with acute or
repeated treatments of dams with chlorpyrifos. The lack of an apparent differential
response of the fetus (or neonate with repeated dosing) versus the maternal system to
treatment of dams with chlorpyrifos may be due to the increased new synthesis or more
rapid turnover of inhibited molecules of cholinesterases in the fetal brain than in the adult
(Lassiterefa/., 1998; Mortensen et al., 1998).
Differences in detoxification between the young and adults may explain the
increased sensitivity of exposed pups to chlorpyrifos toxicity. Chlorpyrifos and its oxon
(i.e., the anticholinesterase metabolite) are detoxified by binding to carboxlyesterases and
hydrolysis by A-esterases. The young animal has minimal activity of these detoxification
enzymes compared to adult animals. The precise influence of these enzymes on
sensitivity to chlorpyrifos treatment has not been established. Because detoxification
enzyme activities increase with age, the enzymatic profile of newborn rats raises concern
that the newborn may be even more sensitive than older neonates to an acute chlorpyrifos
treatment. There is some evidence (albeit at high doses) that suggests that the magnitude
of the differential sensitivity between young and adult animals depends on the age of the
animal. Based on the LD10 data in Zheng et al. and from the ChEl data in Zheng et al. and
Moser and Padilla (1998), the order of sensitivity is PND 7 > PND 17 > PND 27 > adult
female > adult male. Therefore, given that 7-day old rats are the youngest animals
evaluated to date, it is uncertain whether the magnitude of differential sensitivity would be
greater with pups exposed earlier than 7 days.
The developmental neurotoxicity study, which involved treatment of dams with 5, 1,
or 0.3 mg/kg/day chlorpyrifos from GD 6 through lactation day 11 (Hoberman, 1998a,b),
offspring were observed to have alterations in brain structure that are suggestive of a
developmental defect that may predispose the neonate to unique adverse consequences.
In this study, morphometric measurements in PND 11 pups of the high dose included,
decreases in anterior to posterior measurements of the cerebellum, reduced height of the
cerebellum, decreased thickness of the parietal cortex, and decreased thickness of the
hippocampal gyrus. These effects at the high dose occurred in the presence of maternal
toxicity (e.g., maximum brain, RBC and plasma ChEl) but in the absence of effects on body
weights, food consumption, pregnancy parameters, or deaths among the dams. In mid-
and high-dose PND 66 offspring, effects on brain structure included marginal but
statistically significant decreases in the thickness of the parietal cortex and non-significant
decreases in the thickness of the hippocampal gyrus. This difference in the qualitative
severity of the findings seen in adult and neonatal animals is indicative of susceptibility of
the offspring. It is also important to note that morphometric evaluation of the low-dose
128
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brains was not conducted. So it is not known whether alterations are occurring at lower
doses.
129
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Additionally, a number of the treatment-related findings in the offspring appear to be
delayed in expression of perturbations in earlier neurological development, because
functional and morphological changes are observed at study termination (~PND 61 - 66),
approximately 50 - 55 days after cessation of maternal dosing. At the high dose, these
findings included increased motor activity in females at PND 61, alterations in auditory
startle measurements (increased latency to peak response and decreased peak response
amplitudes) at PND 62, and morphometric alterations in the parietal cortex and
hippocampal gyrus on PND 66.
A variety of in vitro and in vivo studies published in the peer reviewed literature
show that chlorpyrifos can alter macromolecular synthesis, neuronal activity,
neurotransmitter levels, neurite outgrowth and branching, and cell signaling in the
developing rat brain (reviewed by Slotkin, 1999). Although these studies did not include
accompanying measures of direct adverse effects (e.g., functional effects) but rather used
biomarkers, they nevertheless raise concern that chlorpyrifos potentially can affect
processes occurring in both early and late developmental periods of brain growth that
influence cell replication and differentiation needed for normal function. Although the data
primarily come from one laboratory, multiple studies from this group have shown a
consistency in the different responses measured. Furthermore, several of the key
responses observed are highly significant and robust (e.g., effects on norepinephrine
turnover, DNA synthesis, adenylyl cyclase transduction). Also, the responses reported
tend to have little variability in the data. Finally, effects on the developing brain reported in
the literature are consistent with the morphometric changes observed in the guideline
developmental neurotoxicity study by Hoberman (1998) even though a direct linkage of
effects can not be made. The available data suggest a selective action of chlorpyrifos on
the developing brain, given the regional and temporal pattern of responses. Thus, it
seems unlikely that the observed effects are due to nonspecific toxicity.
Although there are strengths of these studies, there are also some limitations and
questions raised which are not addressed by the results. As discussed above, the
mechanism of action for chlorpyrifos in the developing brain is unclear. Also, the in vivo
studies using macromolecular biomarkers have primarily been conducted using the
subcutaneous injection (SC) route of exposure and DMSO as the vehicle. It should be
noted that DMSO controls were conducted in all the studies. DMSO would result in a rapid
uptake and full absorption of the compound. Compounds administered via SC injection
enter directly into the general circulation and bypass hepatic metabolism once, thus
bypassing hepatic activation of chlorpyrifos to its active metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon. The
SC route of exposure can not be reliably compared to the oral route given the lack of
pharmacokinetic data on this dosing regime. Also, this is not a pathway of human
exposure. Thus the DMSO-SC dosing regime makes quantitative interpretation and
extrapolation of the results problematic. Nevertheless, these studies still provide important
qualitative information on the potential for chlorpyrifos to affect neurodevelopmental
processes. Cholinesterase inhibition was not measured in most of these studies except
for Song et al. (1997). In that study, no extreme Cholinesterase inhibition is found in the
brainstem at the low dose used in the study: approximately 20-25% Cholinesterase
130
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inhibition is found when 1 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos is administered during PND 1 -4 and
cholinesterase activity (measured 24 hours after the last dose) is almost completely
recovered by 10 days of age (Song et a/., 1997). Given that key effects in the postnatal
brain are found at the low dose, the concern of a rapid delivery of a toxic dose with this
standard dosing regime is reduced. Also, no significant changes in body or brain weight
and no mortality occurs with this dosing regime (1 mg/kg at PND 1 -4 or 5 mg/kg at PND
11-14). Additionally, it should be noted that chlorpyrifos is rapidly absorbed and
transported to the brain with oral dosing (Mendrala and Brzak, 1998). Thus, the findings
derived from the SC/DMSO dosing regime can not be discounted as an artifact of the
vehicle and route of exposure and raise concerns for the unique susceptibility of the
young.
The mechanism(s) of action for the chlorpyrifos-induced changes (e.g.,
macromolecular synthesis, cell signaling) is/are unclear. However, given that these effects
can be found after intracisternal injection of chlorpyrifos, with in vitro TCP treatment, and in
vitro PC12 cell cultures with limited capability to activate chlorpyrifos to its ChE-inhibiting
oxon, raises the issue of whether these effects can occur independent of cholinesterase
inhibition. Although it is not possible to link each effect reported with another effect or with
a functional outcome, the data show a consistent pattern of the potential for chlorpyrifos to
produce qualitatively different effects in the central nervous system (CNS) of young versus
adult animals. Potential implications of the effects include alteration of synaptic responses
that are programmed by neural input, disruption of cell replication and differentiation, and
temporary or persistent delays in the development of CNS structures.
In conclusion, the weight of the evidence raises concern for an increase in both the
sensitivity and susceptibility of the fetus or young animal to adverse biochemical,
morphological, or behavioral alterations from chlorpyrifos treatment during brain
development. With respect to cholinesterase inhibition, an increase in sensitivity of the
young compared to adults was seen all along the dose response curve, even at relatively
low doses. There is a clear differential response (2- to ~5-fold ) in the young compared to
the adult animal after an acute treatment to a relatively low dose of chlorpyrifos. There is
also increased sensitivity found after repeated dosing (up to 9-fold), but at the LD10 and
MTD. It is important to point out that an uncertainty remains concerning the magnitude of
the differential response, given that newborn animals (less than PND 7) have not been
characterized for sensitivity. Results of multiple studies have consistently shown that the
developing brain is susceptible to chlorpyrifos treatment. Effects on the developing CNS
that are indicative of the unique susceptibility to the young animal include changes in
macromolecular synthesis, altered cell signaling and muscarinic receptor down-regulation,
as well as morphological alterations in brain development. An uncertainty remains
regarding the NOAELs for the susceptibility effects. The effects observed raise a high
degree of concern that the fetus or young animal is particularly susceptible to adverse
outcome if exposed to chlorpyrifos.
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Appendix J. List of Incidents involving Chlorpyrifos
Incidents of organism mortality (fish kills) in the environment that are attributed, at least in part, to
chlorpyrifos. Sections J.I and J.2 list incident information from a query of the EIIS Pesticide
Database on August 31, 2009. Section J.I contains general information about each incident and
Section J.2 species information. Section J.3 contains summary tables of incidents involving bird
kills attributed, at least in part, to chlorpyrifos. The information in Section J.3 was obtained from the
AIMS Database of the American Bird Conservancy on August 31, 2009.
-------
J.I. EIIS Pesticide Summary Report: General Information
Chlorpyrifos (059101)
Incident #
AQUATIC
Agricultural Area
1000799-004
1000758-001
1004830-001
1003795-001
1008481-001
1011884-001
Berry, strawberry
1012048-008
BUILDING
1000944-001
1000946-001
1001849-001
1004512-001
1001849-004
Monday, August 31, 2009
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
4/29/1991 ONSLOW
10/1/1993 N/R
2/1/1997
7/1/1997
3/31/1999
7/12/2001
8/21/2001
3/1/1994 N/R
3/1/1994
3/14/1994 CADDO
3/21/1994 CRAWFORD
4/19/1994 EAST BATON
NC
MA
LA
MO
LA
3
4
4
4
MA
MA
UN
RU
F
EC
N/F
Broadcast,
unincorporated
SURFACE SPRAY
Spill
Soil incorporation
Total Magnitude
o
3
4
4
4
2
o
J
o
J
M N/R
RU
MA
MA
UN
MA N/R
MA N/R
SPRAY
SOIL
INCORP/SURF.AP
Broadcast
Broadcast
N/R
SPILL
N/R
>200
5
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
THOUSANDS
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
12
10
N/R
UNKNOWN
800
Page 1 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1001108-001
1001644-001
1002217-002
1002560-001
1003885-001
1006108-001
1008876-001
1013603-003
Citrus
1000087-001
COMMERCIAL SITE
1002975-001
Construction site
1000387-001
Corn
1000108-001
1020252-001
Cotton
BOOOO-500-32
1000383-002
6/1/1994
12/6/1994
6/1/1995
8/1/1995
6/12/1996
10/4/1997
5/19/1999 COPIAH
10/4/2002 Monroe
7/1/1992
1/1/1995
2/28/1992 HANCOCK
6/16/1992 SEMINOLE
8/7/2008 Louisa
9/5/1988
7/1/1989 Holmes
OH
FL
AR
AL
MS
IN
CA
AR
MS
GA
IA
GA
MS
2
4
3
o
J
4
4
3
3
4
4
o
J
2
o
J
o
3
o
J
UN
MA
RU
MA
UN
MA
RU
RU
M
MA
RU
UN
UN
RU
UN
N/R
EC
F
F
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
EC
N/R
Soil incorporation
N/R
N/R
Spray
UNKNOWN
Soil incorporation
SPRAY
SPILL
SPRAY
Spray
Broadcast
N/R
28000
UNKNOWN
N/R
1175
N/R
THOUSANDS
THOUSANDS
70
UNKNOWN
23243
242
125
15,300
Unknown
Extensive Fish Kill
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 2 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
Cranberries
1013530-001
Cranberry
1007313-002
CREEK
1003601-002
7/14/2001 Plymouth
7/10/1995 PLYMOUTH
8/4/1993 NEW CASTLE
DUMPED INTO DRAIN
1008956-003 1/1/1994
1008956-004 1/1/1994
FIELD
1001305-001 2/1/1994
Golf green
1000233-001 10/1/1992
Home
1007070-001
1007072-001
1000116-004
1000311-001
5/20/1990 NEW CASTLE
12/1/1992
MA
UN N/R
More than 1000
1000470-001
5/1/1993
MA
DE
IA
IA
IN
AL
DE
IN
WV
3
4
o
J
3
o
5
o
6
4
4
4
3
4
RU
MI
MI
MI
MA
UN
MI
MA
RU
MA
M
N/R
EC
N/R
N/R
F
WDG
EC
N/R
N/R
N/R
SC
SPRAYING
DRAINING SPRAY
TANK
DUMPING
DUMPING
SEEPAGE
N/R
Soil incorporation
Soil incorporation
N/R
Broadcast,
unincorporated
GROUND-
RODDING
1000
4068
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
SIG. #
400
50
300
3700
200
UNKNOWN
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 3 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1000636-031
1000642-001
1000947-001
1002108-001
1002217-001
Home, exterior
1007098-001
1000671-001
1003721-001
1000911-001
1000010-001
1000149-001
1000148-001
1000152-001
1000187-001
1000125-001
1000950-001
1001849-005
1001107-001
Monday, August 31, 2009
7/21/1993 LINCOLN
8/17/1993
3/1/1994
4/1/1995
6/1/1995
MO
KY
OH
AL
CA
LA
LA
NC
VA
LA
4
4
o
J
o
J
3
4
o
J
4
4
4
4
o
J
4
4
4
o
J
4
3
RU
MA
MA
MA
RU
MA
UN
MA
RU
UN
M
RU
M
UN
RU
RU
RU
RU
F
F
F
F
F
N/R
SC
EC
N/R
SC
SC
SC
SC
EC
EC
N/R
N/R
SUB SLAB
INJECTION
N/R
Broadcast,
unincorporated
N/R
Soil incorporation
"rodding"
Soil incorporation
N/R
UNK
N/R
INJECTION
GROUND-
RODDING
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
428
100
200
N/R
N/R
500
Unknown
4
250
UNKNOWN
N/R
500
SMALL
500
30
4
300
UNKNOWN
2/11/1992 LAFAYETTE
5/1/1992
7/28/1992 ST TAMMANY
8/1/1992 BUNCOMBE
8/1/1992 PRINCE WILLIAM
9/1/1992
10/1/1992
3/1/1994
5/20/1994 CADDO
7/1/1994
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 4 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1001304-001
1004374-001
1002326-001
1003600-001
1003436-001
1003509-001
1003744-001
1007373-003
1005809-001
1005707-001
1007373-002
1017025-001
1006452-001
1007074-001
1007747-001
1007868-001
1008005-001
1009932-001
1010287-012
1013302-001
10/1/1994
5/5/1995
6/1/1995
6/10/1995
5/1/1996
5/1/1996
7/1/1996
6/25/1997
8/1/1997
8/1/1997
8/4/1997
12/1/1997
1/1/1998
5/21/1998
7/14/1998
9/18/1998
10/8/1998
12/9/1999
4/26/2000
7/14/2002
FRANKLIN
NOBLE
TUSCALOOSA
JEFFERSON
Washington
SHELBY
PUTNAM
MONTGOMERY
ST LOUIS
RIVERSIDE
Morgan
MO
IN
IN
MO
KY
IL
AL
WV
KY
AL
PA
PA
FL
IN
WV
OH
MO
CA
AL
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
o
J
4
4
3
4
o
J
4
3
RU
UN
MA F
UN
UN
RU
MA
RU
RU N/R
UN
UN
RU
RU N/R
RU N/R
MA
RU
RU
RU WDG
MA N/R
RU
UNKNOWN
N/R
N/R
Soil incorporation
N/R
N/R
N/R
Injection
N/R
Soil incorporated
N/R
N/R
Broadcast
N/R
UNKNOWN
500
225
300
o
5
THOUSANDS
HUNDREDS
297
ALL
UNKNOWN
ALL
Thousands
2
50
2500
500
UNKNOWN
66
30-100
40 gallons of fish
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 5 of 20
-------
Incident #
1015212-001
Home/lawn
1000644-001
1007984-001
Home/tree
1009031-001
LAKE
1000636-009
1006881-001
Municpal operation
1002370-001
1009966-001
N/R
1000454-004
1000171-001
1002976-001
1002358-001
1002308-001
1003862-001
Date County
5/8/2004 Medina
8/17/1993
6/9/1995 NOBLE
7/7/1999 CUYAHOGA
6/4/1991 ST CHARLES
4/3/1998 PULASKI
5/1/1995 TARRANT
8/13/1997 HAMILTON
6/8/1992 ST JOHN THE
6/19/1992 MERCER
1/1/1995
6/1/1995
6/1/1995
8/9/1996
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
OH
IN
OH
MO
AR
TX
TN
LA
NJ
AR
IN
TN
AZ
UN EC
4
4
4
4
4
o
J
4
o
5
o
5
4
3
o
J
4
RU
MA
RU
MA
UN
UN
MA
UN
UN
UN
UN
MA
UN
F
F
F
N/R
F
N/R
N/R
N/R
F
F
DRAINAGE TILI
DRAINAGE TILI
Spray
SPILL
N/R
UNKNOWN
Spill
N/R
N/R
N/R
SPILL
Soil incorporation
Total Magnitude
50
30
HUNDREDS
82
100
LARGE KILL -
NNSPD.
THOUSANDS
3000
N/R
1000
500
UNKNOWN
139
UNKNOWN
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 6 of 20
-------
Incident #
1007155-084
1008657-002
1009235-001
1010025-001
1009329-001
1011444-009
1013170-001
1013927-001
1014322-001
1014884-022
ORCHARD
1000364-001
1003826-020
Ornamental, woody
1000468-001
1010525-001
Peanut
1000799-001
Date County
9/13/1996
12/18/1996 BERGEN
6/27/1999
9/3/1999 APPOMATTOX
9/14/1999 JOHNSON
4/22/2001 JEFFERSON
6/27/2002 MONTEREY
2/19/2003 IMPERIAL
3/17/2003 San Joaquin
10/14/2003 Kings
2/1/1993
9/7/1994 HENDERSON
6/6/1992 ALLEGHENY
7/1/2000 Crittenden
7/29/1992 EDGECOMBE
State
GA
NJ
AR
VA
IN
AL
CA
CA
CA
CA
NC
PA
AR
NC
Certainty
3
2
4
2
4
3
1
o
6
i
2
o
5
2
2
3
o
J
Legal.
MA
MI
MI
RU
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
M
MA
RU
UN
RU
Formul.
F
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
WP
N/R
EC
Appl. Method
Broadcast,
unincorporated
DUMPING
DUMPING INTO
CREEK
N/R
UNKNOWN
N/R
Broadcast
INJECTION
Spray
N/R
Spray
Spray
Total Magnitude
UNKNOWN
SOME KILLED
1737
HUNDREDS
HEAVY-8 MI.
LONG
2000-4000
over 2,000
400
10
various species
>135
UNKNOWN
Unknown
100 TO 150
SEVERAL
HUNDRED
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 7 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1000232-001
1000640-001
1007710-001
Pre-treated slab
1000454-001
Road
1008637-001
Soybean
1020252-001
SPILL
1004376-002
Sub-slab
1013080-001
Turf, golf course
1000910-001
1000221-001
Turf, residential
1007150-001
1007120-001
10/1/1992
8/17/1993
1/1/1998 GREENSVILLE
2/17/1992 LAFAYETTE
4/8/1999 SCOTT
8/7/2008 Louisa
4/14/1996 CHEROKEE
6/6/2002 Jefferson
6/7/1992 St. John the Baptist
8/3/1992 BEAUFORT
VA
LA
KY
IA
GA
AL
LA
SC
OH
OH
4
4
2
3
3
o
J
4
4
3
1
4
4
RU
RU
RU
RU
UN
UN
MA
RU
RU
RU
RU
RU
F
WDG
WDG
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
Pressure
N/R
UNKNOWN
Broadcast,
unincorporated
Broadcast,
unincorporated
300
50
5 BUCKETS
DEAD FISH
N/R
N/R
15,300
HUNDREDS
2000
Unknown
N/R
ALL
ALL
Monday, August 31, 2009 Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 8 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
Warehouse
1007373-001
Wide area
1014349-001
1019051-003
Yard
1002188-001
1002357-001
PLANTS
Agricultural Area
1007701-001
1007755-016
ALFALFA
1006194-002
1006194-001
1007357-001
1010927-003
Citrus, orange
1010927-002
1013636-039
10/4/1997 JEFFERSON
AL
MA
166000
6/9/2003 Highland
7/1/2007
5/1/1995
6/1/1995
9/15/1996 PROWERS
4/10/1998 MALHEUR
1/1/1997
1/1/1997
1/1/1998
4/15/1999 GREEN
3/1/1990
3/9/2001 KERN
IN
IL
MO
CA
CO
OR
CA
WI
CA
WI
CA
CA
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
o
J
2
2
2
RU ULV
UN ULV
RU F
RU F
RU
RU
RU
RU
RU
RU N/R
RU N/R
RU
Spray
Spray
Spray
AERIAL-
BROADCAST
T-BAND
N/R
N/R
N/R
Spray
Spray
Broadcast
unknown
<17
1000
10
ALL
40 ACRES
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
ALL
UNKNOWN
ALL
200 acres
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 9 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
CORN
1013636-037
1013636-034
1013636-035
1014702-051
1013636-036
1006194-003
1006189-003
1006189-002
1007755-015
1008078-001
1008078-002
1009508-001
1011117-012
1010927-001
Corn, field
1013636-025
1012366-027
1013636-001
4/4/2001 KERN
2/26/2002 FRESNO
2/26/2002 FRESNO
3/1/2002 Tulare
3/15/2002 TULARE
1/1/1997
1/1/1997
1/1/1997
4/20/1998 WABASHA
5/3/1998 PLYMOUTH
5/10/1998 PLYMOUTH
8/3/1999 GREENE
5/1/2000 YUMA
5/5/2000 DUBUQUE
4/23/2001 DYER
5/20/2001 HUTCHINSON
4/15/2002 PETTIS
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
AR
IA
IA
MN
IA
2
2
2
2
2
o
J
o
J
3
2
2
RU
RU
RU
RU EC
RU
RU
RU
RU
RU
RU N/R
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
N/R
N/R
N/R
T-BAND
GROUND/BROAD
135.03 acres
90 acres
10 acres
40 acres
21 out of 40 acres
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
300 ACRES
50 ACRES
IA
RU N/R
CAST
GROUND/BROAD
CAST
FIFTY ACRES
IA
CO
IA
TN
SD
MO
3
3
2
2
2
2
RU
RU
RU
RU
UN
RU
N/R
N/R
WDG
Broadcast
Spray
Soil incorporation
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
147 ACRES
144
ALL
80 acres
140 acres
72 out of 149 acres
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
10 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1013636-038
1015748-031
COTTON
1007740-001
1012366-025
FIELD
1002413-001
N/R
1012366-073
ONION
1006194-005
1006194-006
1006194-004
1014867-001
Oranges
1013563-010
Ornamental
1009262-104
Soybean
1015748-029
5/15/2002
6/8/2004
4/1/1997
4/5/2000
7/1/1995
4/9/2001
1/1/1997
1/1/1997
1/1/1997
7/3/2003
6/6/2000
8/9/1999
6/10/2004
MACOUPIN
Tama
KERN
FRESNO
PIKE
Marion
Tulare
ST CLAIR
Cumberland
IL
IA
CA
CA
MI
IL
NY
NY
NY
OR
CA
IL
NJ
4
3
2
2
2
o
6
o
5
o
6
o
5
2
2
o
J
1
M
MA
RU
UN
RU F
RU
RU
RU
RU
RU EC
RU N/R
UN N/R
UN EC
Broadcast
N/R
AERIAL
BROADCAST
Broadcast
Broadcast
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
Spray
N/R
110 acres
30 acres affected
82 ACRES
751 acres
N/R
20 acres
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
N/R
Unknown
9000 boxes
ALL
103 acres affected
Monday, August 31, 2009 Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 11 of20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
Soybeans
1016538-001
Sugar beet
1006189-001
1016962-029
Tree farm/plantation
1012366-026
Wheat
1016828-003
Wide area
1016728-002
TERRESTRIAL
No Data
1018980-033
1018980-023
Agricultural Area
1005042-014
1005042-001
1005042-015
1003826-013
7/20/2005 Tuscola
1/1/1997
5/7/2005 Canyon
5/19/1998 WEXFORD
11/14/2005 Elaine
7/1/2005
1/15/2000 Benton
1/26/2001 East Baton Rouge
1/29/1994 BUTTE
12/17/1994 SAN JOAQUIN
12/23/1994 STANISLAUS
6/6/1995 HENDERSON
MI
RU N/R
N/R
50 acres
ND
ID
MI
OK
IL
OR
LA
CA
CA
CA
NC
3
3
3
2
2
4
2
1
4
2
3
RU
MA WDG
UN
RU EC
UN ULV
UN
UN
UN
UN N/R
UN
UN
N/R
Broadcast
Spray
Spray
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
UNKNOWN
90 acres
82 acres
unknown
Unknown
22
600
1
1
1
N/R
Monday, August31, 2009 Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 12 of20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1003826-014
1005980-002
Alfalfa
1016479-001
1016478-001
1017850-008
Apple
1013883-001
Bait
1012661-001
Bean
1014341-017
BUILDING
1000103-007
carrot
1014409-058
1014409-059
Carrot seed
1014409-063
6/21/1995
6/1/1997
8/14/1999
3/27/2000
3/17/2006
4/4/1997
11/13/2001
1/1/1998
3/1/1990
7/27/1992
7/27/1992
7/31/1992
POLK
MERCED
Kern
Tulare
Noble
DOUGLAS
ONONDAGA
Chelan
TALIAFERRO
Adams
Adams
Adams
NC
CA
CA
CA
OK
WA
NY
WA
GA
WA
WA
WA
3
3
o
J
3
1
4
4
2
4
2
2
2
UN N/R
RU N/R N/R
RU Spray
RU Spray
MA
RU Spray
UN Bait
UN
UN N/R N/R
RU
RU
RU
UNKNOWN
700
Many bee hives
4 hives
100
90 hives
1
102 hives
7
48 colonies
72 colonies
Approx. 55 colonies
Corn
Monday, August31, 2009 Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 13 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1003152-001
1020441-001
DUCK CLUB
1005417-009
FLEA COLLAR
1002993-009
GOLF COURSE
1001884-001
1/1/1996
8/28/2008 Sacramento
10/26/1989 SOLANO
9/28/1993 GRANT
3/3/1995 SANTA ROSA
GOLF DRIVING RANGE
1008779-002 2/6/1998 CADDO
Home
1000504-024
1005158-001
Home, exterior
1004430-001
HOME/LAWN
1006916-001
1003131-002
1003131-003
1003131-006
3/4/1991 GWINNETT
4/1/1997
1/1/1996
5/24/1985 ALBANY
4/14/1986 Monroe
8/2/1989 ALBANY
IL
CA
CA
WI
FL
LA
GA
NC
LA
NY
NY
NY
3
3
4
o
J
4
3
4
4
3
o
5
4
4
4
RU WDG
RU EC
RU
MA
RU
UN WDG
UN N/R
MA F
RU N/R
RU
RU
RU
RU
N/R
N/R
N/R
Broadcast,
unincorporated
N/R
Soil incorporate
N/R
N/R
N/R
Spray
ALL
180 bee hives
18
1000
UNKNOWN
16
2
MANY
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
2
2
Monday, August 31, 2009 Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 14 of20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1003184-001
1002074-001
1008454-001
1010831-005
HOME/TREE
1000015-001
N/R
3/4/1991 VIRGINIA BEACH
2/15/1995 CITRUS
1/13/1999 ALAMEDA
9/9/2000 DADE
6/3/1992 MONTGOMERY
VA
FL
CA
FL
4
4
2
o
6
MI
UN
UN
MA
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
Spray
Spray
43
60
DOZENS
5
MD
Spray
1000103-015
BOOOO-400-66
1000200-030
1000504-002
1003654-001
1003351-001
1005042-006
1005042-005
1003351-010
1005042-009
1003351-012
1005042-012
1003351-018
9/15/1988
5/3/1990
9/1/1991
2/1/1993
2/16/1993
12/17/1993
1/2/1994
1/2/1994
1/2/1994
1/19/1994
1/27/1994
1/27/1994
1/29/1994
FLOYD
ERIE
SANTA ROSA
YANCEY
SAN JOAQUIN
STANISLAUS
STANISLAUS
STANISLAUS
STANISLAUS
STANISLAUS
STANISLAUS
BUTTE
GA
NY
MN
FL
NC
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
3
2
o
6
4
4
4
4
4
3
2
o
J
2
o
5
UN N/R
UN
UN N/R
UN N/R
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
7
2
SOME SNAKES,!
IGUANA
115
UNKNOWN
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 15 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1005042-013
1005042-010
1005042-003
1005042-011
1003351-006
1005042-002
1005042-007
1014407-011
1014407-009
1014407-015
1014407-020
1001815-001
1003826-012
1003826-015
1005294-001
1005293-001
1004993-005
1004993-013
1005037-002
1004934-001
1/30/1994
2/3/1994
2/6/1994
2/7/1994
2/12/1994
2/12/1994
2/15/1994
4/18/1994
4/18/1994
4/25/1994
4/28/1994
12/6/1994
6/13/1995
7/5/1995
1/1/1996
1/20/1996
1/20/1996
8/9/1996
10/22/1996
2/24/1997
San Joaquin
MERCED
MERCED
STANISLAUS
STANISLAUS
STANISLAUS
MERCED
Grant
Benton
Grant
Yakima
ESCAMBIA
POLK
HENDERSON
STANISLAUS
Tuolumne
TUOLUMNE
FRESNO
OKALOOSA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
WA
WA
WA
WA
FL
NC
NC
CA
CA
CA
CA
NC
FL
2
3
4
1
o
J
3
2
3
o
J
o
J
3
3
2
2
4
2
2
o
J
4
4
UN
UN
UN N/R
UN
UN
UN N/R
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN N/R
UN N/R
MA N/R
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN N/R
UN
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
228 colonies
250 colonies
1000 colonies
800
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
1
1
1
1
7
4
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 16 of 20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1007107-006
1006595-001
1013884-005
1008164-001
1010002-001
1009337-001
1014341-042
1011532-001
1011300-002
1011131-001
1011879-001
1014889-001
ORCHARD
1003654-018
1003826-010
1003826-027
1007834-038
Orchard (unspecified)
1014407-018
1014341-006
7/19/1997
1/9/1998
4/18/1998
7/26/1998
1/14/1999
10/22/1999
1/1/2000
1/10/2001
1/13/2001
1/22/2001
3/24/2001
1/8/2004
SANTA CRUZ
CHARLESTON
Chelan
ROSCOMMON
CONTRA COSTA
SUFFOLK
Yakima
WESTCHESTER
EFFINGHAM
MORGAN
ORANGE
Pulaski
8/17/1993 HENDERSON
6/7/1995 POLK
8/14/1995 HENDERSON
3/24/1998 KERN
4/26/1994 Yakima
1/1/1996 Benton
CA
SC
WA
MI
CA
NY
WA
NY
GA
GA
NY
GA
NC
NC
NC
CA
WA
WA
4
4
3
4
o
5
2
2
3
4
o
J
3
3
1
2
1
2
o
J
2
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
UN
RU
RU
UN
UN
UN
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
Spray
Spray
N/R
N/R
3
1
> 100 hives
2
13
3
96 hives
2
10
15
1
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
$98,700
76 colonies
1256
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 17 of20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
1014341-008
1013883-031
1013884-028
PARK
1000097-007
BOOOO-502-82
RESIDENTIAL
1002074-002
1004701-001
RESIDENTIAL AREA
1002243-002
TOWN
1005042-008
Turf
1013385-001
Turf, golf course
1003131-001
BOOO177-001
Turf, public area
BOOOO-501-11
Turf, residential
1/1/1997 Douglas
4/27/1997 Benton
4/15/1998 Yakima
2/20/1990 SAN JUAN
2/23/1990
2/18/1995 CITRUS
11/1/1996 CHARLESTON
2/10/1995 HOUSTON
1/27/1994 STANISLAUS
6/16/2001 BERGEN
5/30/1974 SUFFOLK
7/8/1992 Arlington
10/5/1983 HARTFORD
WA
WA
WA
FL
sc
GA
CA
NJ
NY
VA
2
4
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
o
J
2
UN
RU
RU
MI N/R
MI N/R
UN N/R
RU N/R
UN F
UN N/R
RU
UN
UN N/R
N/R
Bait
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
20 hives
84 bee hives
Not given
40
40
1
14
24
1
4
43
1
CT
UN
N/R
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
60
Page 18 of20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
BOOOO-501-23
BOOOO-400-21
1003176-003
1000724-001
URBAN RESIDENTIAL
1004169-040
YARD
1002243-001
7/9/1974
1/1/1981
5/15/1991 PRINCE WILLIAM
9/22/1993 Glynn
3/4/1991 VIRGINIA BEACH
2/14/1995 RICHMOND
TERRESTRIAL/AQUATIC
BUILDING
1000962-001 3/1/1994
FIELD
1005604-001
7/1/1997
Home
1000643-001 8/17/1993 N/R
Home, exterior
1005607-001
N/R
1014123-006
7/1/1997
5/3/2003 Craven
NY
FL
VA
GA
VA
GA
2
3
2
1
4
4
o
5
UN N/R
UN
RU
RU
UN N/R
RU F
MA F
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
Broadcast,
unincorporated
12
UNKNOWN
23
4
43
20
N/R
KS
LA
NC
MA N/R
RU F
MA F
MA
N/R
RODDING
N/R
Spill
ALL
UNDETERMINE
D
20
Approx. 2,000 fish
Monday, August 31, 2009 Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 19 of20
-------
Incident #
Date County
State Certainty Legal. Formul. Appl. Method
Total Magnitude
RANCH FARM STREAM
1000103-016 10/9/1988 HIGHLANDS
Soybean
1000403-001 8/11/1988 TAZEWELL
FL 4 MA N/R SPILL
IL 3 RU N/R Broadcast
30655
9242
Monday, August 31, 2009
Certainty Code: 0=Unrelated, l=Unlikely, 2=Possible, 3=Probable, 4=Highly Probable.
Legality Code: RU=Registered Use, M=Misuse, MA=Misuse (Accidental), MI=Misuse (Intentional), U=Unknown.
Page 20 of 20
-------
J.2. EIIS Pesticide Summary Report: Species Information
Chlorpyrifos (059101)
Incident #
AQUATIC
Agricultural Area
1000758-001
Species
Scientific Name
Magnitude
Response
Rt. Exposure
1000799-004
1003795-001
1004830-001
1008481-001
1011884-001
carp
catfish
bass
bluegill
unknown fish
bluegill
channel catfish
smallmouth bass
trout
trout
unknown fish
unknown fish
yabbies
Cyprinus carpio
Ictaluridae
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictsalurus punctatus
Micropterus dolomieui
Salmonidae
Salmonidae
Cherax destructor
1-5
1-5
n/r
n/r
n/r
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
thousands
unknown
unknown
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Ingestion
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 1 of36
-------
Incident #
Berry, strawberry
1012048-008
Species
Scientific Name
Magnitude
Response
Rt. Exposure
BUILDING
1000944-001
1000946-001
1001108-001
1001644-001
1001849-001
1001849-004
1002217-002
1002560-001
n/r
n/r
bass
bluegill
catfish
crayfish
black bass
carp
unknown fish
unknown fish
unknown fish
bass
bluegill
minnow
mudfish
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictaluridae
Decapoda
Micropterus salmoides
Cyprinus carpio
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Cyprinidae
Neochanna sp.
unknown
unknown
<12
<12
10
28000
unknown
n/r
800
n/r
unknown
unknown
1000
unknown
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
unknown
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Runoff
Runoff
SUMP PUMP
SUMP PUMP
Runoff
N/R
Runoff
Runoff
Spill
Runoff
Runoff
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 2 of36
-------
Incident #
1003885-001
1004512-001
1006108-001
1008876-001
1013603-003
Citrus
1000087-001
Species
sunfish
unknown fish
unknown fish
bass
bream
catfish
crayfish
bass
bream
bluegill
smallmouth bass
black crappie
catfish
crayfish
frog
frog
hybrid sunfish
largemouth bass
Scientific Name
Centrarchidae
Micropterus spp.
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Ictaluridae
Decapoda
Micropterus spp.
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Lepomis macrochirus
Micropterus dolomieui
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Ictaluridae
Decapoda
Anura
Anura
Centrarchidae
Micropterus salmoides
Magnitude
unknown
unknown
unknown
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
a few
thousands
60
10
4
5
n/r
n/r
n/r
350
17
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Spill
Runoff
N/R
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Ingestion
Ingestion
Runoff
Runoff
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 3 of36
-------
Incident #
COMMERCIAL SITE
1002975-001
Construction site
1000387-001
Corn
1000108-001
1020252-001
Species
bluegill
catfish
catfish
largemouth bass
largemouth bass
minnow
minnow
sunfish
sunfish
sunfish
bream
bluegill
bowfin
carp
bluegill
bullhead
green sunfish
johnny darter
Scientific Name
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictaluridae
Ictaluridae
Micropterus salmoides
Micropterus salmoides
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Centrarchidae
Centrarchidae
Centrarchidae
Magnitude
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
Notemigonus crysoleucas 242
Lepomis macrochirus unknown
Amia calva unknown
Cyprinus carpio unknown
Lepomis macrochirus 40
Ameiurus sp. 778
Lepomis cyanellus 791
Percidae 2710
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 4 of36
-------
Incident # Species
largemouth bass
minnow
stoneroller
white sucker
Cotton
BOOOO-500-32
1000383-002
Cranberries
1013530-001
Cranberry
1007313-002
CREEK
1003601-002
american alligator
unknown fish
unknown fish
largemouth bass
sunfish
bass
bluegill
brown bullhead
chain pickerel
crappie
yellow perch
blacknose dace
Scientific Name
Micropterus salmoides
Cyprinidae
Catostomus commersomi
A. mississipiensis
Micropterus salmoides
Centrarchidae
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Ameiuris nebulosus
Esox niger
Centrarchidae
Perca flavescens
Rhinichthys atratulus
Magnitude
2
7067
3249
1000
1
unknown
extensive
hundreds
hundreds
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
hundreds
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Flowing water
Flowing water
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Flowing water
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 5 of36
-------
Incident # Species
bluegill
longnose dace
pumpkinseed
tessellated darter
white sucker
DUMPED INTO DRAIN
1008956-003
1008956-004
FIELD
1001305-001
Golf green
1000233-001
Home
1000116-004
1000311-001
1000470-001
n/r
n/r
unknown fish
unknown fish
bluegill
crappie
widemouth bass
bream
snake
Scientific Name
Lepomis macrochirus
Rhinichthys cataractae
Lepomis gibbosus
Etheostoma olmstedi
Catostomus commersomi
Lepomis macrochirus
Centrarchidae
Perciformes
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Serpentes
Magnitude
hundreds
hundreds
hundreds
hundreds
hundreds
unknown
unknown
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Ingestion
Ingestion
significant numbers mortality
400 mortality
thousands mortality
thousands mortality
thousands mortality
200 mortality
unknown mortality
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 6 of36
-------
Incident #
1000636-031
1000642-001
1000947-001
1002108-001
1002217-001
1007070-001
1007072-001
Home, exterior
1000010-001
1000125-001
1000148-001
Species
unknown fish
bass
catfish
crappie
sunfish
bluegill
bluegill
bluegill
catfish
unknown fish
bluegill
bass
bream
unknown fish
bluegill
Scientific Name
Micropterus spp.
Ictaluridae
Centrarchidae
Centrarchidae
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochiras
Lepomis macrochiras
Ictaluridae
Lepomis macrochiras
Micropteras spp.
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Lepomis macrochiras
Magnitude
unknown
n/r
n/r
n/r
n/r
100
200
n/r
n/r
unknown
50
150
150
unknown
30
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Spill
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 7 of36
-------
Incident #
1000149-001
1000152-001
1000187-001
1000671-001
1000911-001
1000950-001
1001107-001
1001304-001
1001849-005
Species
bream
bluegill
catfish
crayfish
frog
minnow
bass
catfish
crappie
crayfish
unknown fish
catfish
unknown fish
catfish
minnow
unknown fish
unknown fish
Scientific Name
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictaluridae
Decapoda
Anura
Cyprinidae
Micropterus spp.
Ictaluridae
Centrarchidae
Decapoda
Ictaluridae
Ictaluridae
Cyprinidae
Magnitude
500
unknown
unknown
small number
small number
small number
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
500
4
unknown
unknown
unknown
300
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 8 of36
-------
Incident #
1002326-001
1003436-001
1003509-001
1003600-001
1003721-001
1003744-001
1004374-001
1005707-001
1005809-001
Species
bass
bluegill
sunfish
perch
bass
bluegill
brim
bluegill
catfish
crayfish
largemouth bass
unknown fish
bass
bluegill
golden shiner
unknown fish
bluegill
Scientific Name
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Centrarchidae
Percidae
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Centrarchidae
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictaluridae
Decapoda
Micropterus salmoides
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Lepomis macrochirus
Magnitude
n/r
n/r
n/r
3
hundreds
hundreds
hundreds
hundreds
20
25
4
hundreds
hundreds
hundreds
unknown
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposi
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 9 of36
-------
Incident #
1006452-001
1007074-001
1007098-001
1007373-002
1007373-003
1007747-001
1007868-001
1008005-001
1009932-001
Species
minnow
bream
bass
sunfish
bass
catfish
sunfish
bluegill
largemouth bass
striped bass
bass
bluegill
catfish
n/r
n/r
frog
goldfish
Scientific Name
Cyprinidae
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Micropterus spp.
Centrarchidae
Micropterus spp.
Ictaluridae
Centrarchidae
Lepomis macrochirus
Micropterus salmoides
Morone saxatilis
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictaluridae
Anura
Carassius auratus
Magnitude
2
50
250
250
224
5
9
thousands
thousands
thousands
500
unknown
6
60
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Spill
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 10 of36
-------
Incident #
1010287-012
1013302-001
1015212-001
1017025-001
Home/lawn
1000644-001
1007984-001
Home/tree
1009031-001
LAKE
1000636-009
Species
goldfish
bass
bluegill
unknown fish
unknown fish
bluegill
bass
bluegill
crayfish
n/r
bluegill
crappie
shad
Scientific Name
Carassius auratus
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Decapoda
Lepomis macrochirus
Centrarchidae
Clupeidae
Magnitude
30 - 100
40 gallons of fish
40 gallons of fish
20 to 80 fish
thousands
30
25
250
20
82
n/r
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Flowing water
Spill
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Ingestion
Spill
Spill
Spill
1006881-001
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 11 of36
-------
Incident #
Municpal operation
1002370-001
1009966-001
1000171-001
1000454-004
1002308-001
Species
black bullhead catfish
bluegill
catfish
minnow
stoneroller
unknown fish
madtom
minnow
sunfish
bass
catfish
crappie
perch
sunfish
unknown fish
bass
bluegill
catfish
Scientific Name
Ictalurus melas
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictaluridae
Cyprinidae
Ictaluridae
Cyprinidae
Centrarchidae
Micropteras spp.
Ictaluridae
Centrarchidae
Percidae
Centrarchidae
Micropteras spp.
Lepomis macrochiras
Ictaluridae
Magnitude
thousands
thousands
thousands
thousands
unknown
thousands
hundreds
102
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
n/r
61
75
3
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
UNKNOWN
Unknown
N/R
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
Runoff
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
N/R
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 12 of36
-------
Incident #
1002358-001
1002976-001
1003862-001
1007155-084
1008657-002
1009235-001
1009329-001
1010025-001
Species
unknown fish
bluegill
largemouth bass
sunfish
catfish
minnow
crayfish
unknown fish
bass
darter
sucker
sunroller
unknown snake
unknown fish
bass
bluegill
bream
sunfish
Scientific Name
Lepomis macrochirus
Micropterus salmoides
Centrarchidae
Ictaluridae
Cyprinidae
Decapoda
Micropterus spp.
Etheostoma sp.
Catostomodidae
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Centrarchidae
Magnitude
unknown
500
500
500
6
lots
unknown
unknown
hundreds
thousands
hundreds
heavy kill
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Spill
N/R
N/R
N/R
Drift
DUMPING
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Spill
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 13 of36
-------
Incident #
1011444-009
1013170-001
1013927-001
1014322-001
1014884-022
ORCHARD
1000364-001
Species
bream
carp
goldfish
sacramento blackfish
Sacramento pikeminnow
sacramento sucker
sculpin
flathead catfish
grass carp
largemouth bass
carp
catfish
goldfish
bullhead
carp
threadfm shad
bass
bass
bluegill
Scientific Name
Magnitude
Notemigonus crysoleucas 2000-4000
Cyprinus carpio unknown
Carassius auratus unknown
Orthodon microlepidotus unknown
Ptychocheilus grandis unknown
Catostomus occidentalis unknown
Cottus sp. unknown
Pylodictis oilvaris 320
Ctenopharyngodon idella 60
Micropterus salmoides 20
Cyprinus carpio 1
Ictaluridae 1
Carassius auratus 10
Ameiurus sp. over 50
Cyprinus carpio over 100
Dorosoma petenense over 200
Micropterus spp. 15
Micropterus spp. numerous
Lepomis macrochirus 100
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Runoff
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
incapacitation
incapacitation
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R
Drift
Drift
Drift
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 14 of36
-------
Incident #
1003826-020
Ornamental, woody
1000468-001
1010525-001
Peanut
1000232-001
1000640-001
1000799-001
1007710-001
Pre-treated slab
1000454-001
Species
bluegill
catfish
n/r
unknown fish
unknown fish
bluegill
crappie
bream
unknown fish
bass
bluegill
unknown fish
Scientific Name
Lepomis macrochirus
Ictaluridae
Lepomis macrochirus
Centrarchidae
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Magnitude
numerous
20
unknown
some
100 to 150
<300
<300
several hundred
4-5 buckets
4-5 buckets
n/r
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
N/R
Drift
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff/drift
Treated directly
Treated directly
Runoff
Road
1008637-001
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 15 of36
-------
Incident #
Soybean
1020252-001
SPILL
1004376-002
Sub-slab
1013080-001
Turf, golf course
1000221-001
1000910-001
Species
unknown fish
bluegill
bullhead
green sunfish
johnny darter
largemouth bass
minnow
stoneroller
white sucker
Cherokee darter
sculpin
bass
bream
bass
eel
mullet
Scientific Name
Lepomis macrochirus
Ameiurus sp.
Lepomis cyanellus
Percidae
Micropterus salmoides
Cyprinidae
Catostomus commersomi
Etheostoma scotti
Cottus sp.
Micropterus spp.
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Micropterus spp.
Anguilliformes
Mugilidae
Magnitude
n/r
40
778
791
2710
2
7067
3249
1000
100
1157
>1000
>1000
n/r
n/r
n/r
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Contamination
Spill
Spill
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 16 of36
-------
Incident #
Turf, residential
1007120-001
1007150-001
Warehouse
1007373-001
Wide area
1014349-001
Species
bream
catfish
garfish
minnow
perch
sunfish
bass
bluegill
bass
bluegill
bluegill
green sunfish
largemouth bass
shad
spotted bass
sucker
sunfish
koi
Scientific Name Magnitude
Notemigonus crysoleucas n/r
Ictaluridae n/r
Strongylura exilis n/r
Cyprinidae n/r
Percidae n/r
Centrarchidae n/r
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus thousands
Lepomis cyanellus 6247
Micropterus salmoides 1489
Clupeidae 35916
Micropterus punctulatus 986
Catostomodidae 725
Centrarchidae thousands
Cyprinus carpio unknown
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
Flowing water
N/R
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 17 of36
-------
Yard
Incident #
1019051-003
1002188-001
Species
koi
bass
bluegill
Scientific Name
Cyprinus carpio
Micropterus spp.
Lepomis macrochirus
Magnitude
<17
n/r
n/r
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Drift, spray
Runoff
Runoff
1002357-001
PLANTS
Agricultural Area
1007701-001
unknown fish
10
mortality
Drift
1007755-016
ALFALFA
1006194-001
1006194-002
1007357-001
1010927-003
wheat, winter
sugar beet
alfalfa
alfalfa
alfalfa
alfalfa
Medicago sativa unknown
Medicago sativa unknown
Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa unknown
plant damage
pinched ears
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
ADDED TO CROP
APPLIED TO CROP
TREATMENT
Carryover
Citrus, orange
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 18 of36
-------
CORN
Incident #
1010927-002
1013636-034
1013636-035
1013636-036
1013636-037
1013636-039
1014702-051
1006189-002
1006189-003
1006194-003
1007755-015
1008078-001
1008078-002
Species
orange
orange
orange
orange
orange
orange
orange
corn
corn
corn
corn
corn
Scientific Name Magnitude
all 30 acres
90 acres
10 acres
21 acres out of 40
135.03 acres
110 acres
40 acres
Zea mays unknown
Zea mays unknown
Zea mays unknown
Zea mays 300 acres
Zea mays 50 acres
Response
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
poor germination
plant damage
reduced yield
Rt. Exposure
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
N/R
N/R
APPLIED TO CROP
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 19 of36
-------
Incident #
1009508-001
1010927-001
1011117-012
Corn, field
1012366-027
1013636-001
1013636-025
1013636-038
1015748-031
COTTON
1007740-001
1012366-025
Species
corn
corn
corn
corn
corn
corn, field
corn, field
corn, field
corn, field
cotton
cotton
Scientific Name
Zea mays
Zea mays
Zea mays
Zea mays
Zea mays
Zea mays
Zea mays
Zea mays
Zea mays
Gossypium
Gossypium
Magnitude
50 acres
147 acres
all 70 acres
140 acres
72 out of 149 acres
80 acres
110 acres
30 acres
140 acres
Response
reduced yield
plant damage
mortality
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
plant damage
bronzing
plant damage
Rt. Exposure
TREATMENT
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
TREATMENT
Treated directly
FIELD
1002413-001
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 20 of 36
-------
Incident #
1012366-073
ONION
1006194-004
1006194-005
1006194-006
1014867-001
Oranges
1013563-010
Ornamental
1009262-104
Soybean
1015748-029
Species
blue spruce
corn, field
onion
onion
onion
onion
grape
unknown plant
soybean
Scientific Name
Picea pungens
Zea mays
Vitis
Magnitude
n/r
20 acres
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
10 acres
unknown
Response Rt. Exposure
plant damage UNKNOWN
plant damage Treated directly
stunted growth APPLIED TO THE
CROP
plant damage APPLIED TO THE
CROP
plant damage APPLIED TO THE
CROP
plant damage Treated directly
plant damage Treated directly
mortality
Treated directly
103 acres affected plant damage Treated directly
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 21 of 36
-------
Incident # Species
Scientific Name
Soybeans
1016538-001
Sugar beet
1006189-001
1016962-029
Tree farm/plantation
1012366-026
Wheat
1016828-003
Wide area
1016728-002
TERRESTRIAL
No Data
1018980-023
soybean
blue spruce
unknown fish
unknown tree
american robin
blue jay
brown-headed cowbird
Picea pungens
Turdus migratorius
Cyanocitta cristata
Molothrus ater
Magnitude
50 acres
sugar beet
sugar beet
unknown
90 acres
82 acres
unknown
1
2
151
Response Rt. Exposure
plant damage Treated directly
plant damage N/R
plant damage Treated directly
plant damage Treated directly
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Runoff
plant damage Drift, spray
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 22 of 36
-------
Incident #
1018980-033
Agricultural Area
1003826-013
1003826-014
1005042-001
1005042-014
1005042-015
1005980-002
Alfalfa
1016478-001
1016479-001
1017850-008
Species
cardinal
mourning dove
red-winged blackbird
cackling goose
bee
bee
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
bee
bee
bee
blackbird
red-tailed hawk
Scientific Name
Richmondena cardinalis
Zenaida macroura
Agelaius phoeniceus
Branta hutchinsii
Apidae
Apidae
Buteojamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Icteridae
Buteo iamaicensis
Magnitude
22
1
unknown
22
unknown
2
1
1
700
4 hives
164 bee hives
100
2
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
incapacitation
incapacitation
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Drift
Drift
UNKNOWN
PERCHING
PERCHING
Drift
Drift, spray
Treated directly
Ingestion
Secondary poise
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 23 of 36
-------
Incident # Species
Apple
Bait
Bean
1013883-001
1012661-001
1014341-017
BUILDING
1000103-007
carrot
1014409-058
1014409-059
Carrot seed
1014409-063
Corn
1003152-001
1020441-001
bee
rock dove
bee
american robin
bee
bee
bee
corn
Scientific Name
Apidae
Columba livia
Apidae
Turdus migratorius
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Zea mays
Magnitude Response Rt. Exposure
90 hives mortality Drift, spray
1 mortality Ingestion
102 hives mortality Ingestion
7 mortality Ingestion
approx. 48 colonies mortality N/R
72 colonies mortality Drift
approx 55 colonies mortality
N/R
mortality TREATMENT
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 24 of 36
-------
Incident # Species
honey bee
DUCK CLUB
1005417-009
duck
FLEA COLLAR
1002993-009
cedar waxwing
GOLF COURSE
1001884-001
grackle
GOLF DRIVING RANGE
1008779-002
Home
1000504-024
1005158-001
Home, exterior
1004430-001
HOME/LAWN
1002074-001
n/r
american robin
n/r
unknown shrub
unknown tree
Scientific Name
Apis millifera
Anatidae
Bombycilla cedrorum
Quiscalus sp.
Turdus migratorius
Magnitude
180 bee hives
6
18
1000
unknown
16
2
many
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Drift, spray
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
UNKNOWN
Drift
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 25 of 36
-------
Incident #
1003131-002
1003131-003
1003131-006
1003184-001
1006916-001
1008454-001
1010831-005
Species
american robin
american robin
american robin
american robin
american robin
american robin
n/r
american robin
unknown bird
lobster
n/r
raccoon
rat
squirrel
Scientific Name
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Decapoda
Procyon lotor
Rattus sp.
Sciuridae
Magnitude
60
unknown
2
2
43
3
unknown
100
dozens
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
incapacitation
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Drift
Ingestion
Drift
Drift
Drift
Ingestion
Drift
HOME/TREE
1000015-001
BOOOO-400-66
Monday, August 31, 2009
bluebird
Turdidae
mortality
Ingestion
Page 26 of 36
-------
Incident #
1000103-015
1000200-030
1000504-002
1001815-001
1003351-001
1003351-006
1003351-010
1003351-012
1003351-018
1003654-001
1003826-012
Species
mallard
rock dove
rock dove
iguana
snake
american robin
american robin
common grackle
unknown bird
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
american robin
Scientific Name
Anas platyrhynchos
Columba livia
Columba livia
Iguanidae
Serpentes
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Quiscalus quiscula
Buteojamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Turdus migratorius
Magnitude
2
1
1
1
some snakes
100
15
most of 800
some of 800
1
1
1
1
1
1
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
N/R
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
N/R
N/R
Ingestion
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 27 of 36
-------
Incident #
1003826-015
1004934-001
1004993-005
1004993-013
1005037-002
1005042-002
1005042-003
1005042-005
1005042-006
1005042-007
1005042-009
1005042-010
1005042-011
Species
bee
bee
american robin
red-tailed hawk
american kestrel
common grackle
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
barn owl
red-tailed hawk
Scientific Name
Apidae
Apidae
Turdus migratorius
Buteo jamaicensis
Falco sparverius
Quiscalus quiscula
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteo jamaicensis
Tyto alba
Buteo jamaicensis
Magnitude
unknown
unknown
4
1
1
7
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
incapacitation
incapacitation
Rt. Exposure
Drift
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
N/R
UNKNOWN
Drift
PERCHING
PERCHING
Drift, spray
PERCHING
N/R
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 28 of 36
-------
Incident #
1005042-012
1005042-013
1005293-001
1005294-001
1006595-001
1007107-006
1008164-001
1009337-001
1010002-001
1011131-001
1011300-002
Species
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
red-tailed hawk
cooper's hawk
pelican
goose
mallard
duck
swan
american robin
cedar waxwing
house finch
common grackle
american robin
Scientific Name
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteojamaicensis
Accipiter cooperii
Pelecansus sp.
Anserinae
Anas platyrhynchos
Anatidae
Anatidae
Turdus migratorius
Bombycilla cedrorum
Carpodacus mexicanus
Quiscalus quiscula
Turdus migratorius
Magnitude
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
1
9
o
J
1
large number
10
Response
incapacitation
mortality
incapacitation
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
PERCHING
N/R
PERCHING
N/R
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
N/R
N/R
Ingestion
Ingestion
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 29 of 36
-------
Incident #
1011532-001
1011879-001
1013884-005
1014341-042
1014407-009
1014407-011
1014407-015
1014407-020
1014889-001
ORCHARD
1003654-018
1003826-010
1003826-027
1007834-038
Species
blue jay
american crow
bee
bee
bee
bee
bee
bee
Pig
bee
bee
bee
Scientific Name
Cyanocitta cristata
Corvus Brachyrhynchos
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Suidae
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Magnitude
1
1
> 100 hives
96 hives
228 colonies
250 colonies
1000 colonies
41
unknown
unknown
unknown
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
incapacitation
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Ingestion
Ingestion
N/R
N/R
Drift, spray
N/R
N/R
Drift
Ingestion
UNKNOWN
Drift
Drift
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 30 of 36
-------
Incident #
Orchard (unspecified)
1013883-031
1013884-028
1014341-006
1014341-008
1014407-018
PARK
BOOOO-502-82
1000097-007
RESIDENTIAL
1002074-002
1004701-001
Species
bee
bee
bee
bee
bee
bee
pigeon
domestic pigeon
american robin
grackle
Scientific Name
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Apidae
Columbidae
Columba livia
Turdus migratorius
Quiscalus sp.
Magnitude
unknown
84 bee hives
not given
1256
20 hives
76 colonies
40
40
1
7
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Drift
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Drift
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
RESIDENTIAL AREA
1002243-002
american robin
Turdus migratorius
23
mortality
Ingestion
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 31 of 36
-------
Incident #
TOWN
Turf
1005042-008
1013385-001
Species
blue jay
red-tailed hawk
Canada goose
Scientific Name
Cyanocitta cristata
Buteo jamaicensis
Branta canadensis
Magnitude
1
Turf, golf course
B000177-001
1003176-003
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Ingestion
PERCHING
N/R
1003131-001
Turf, public area
BOOOO-501-11
Turf, residential
BOOOO-400-21
BOOOO-501-23
1000724-001
bluebird
Canada goose
brown-headed cowbird
american robin
Canada goose
boat-tailed grackle
common yellow-throat
Turdidae
Branta canadensis
Molothrus ater
Turdus migratorius
Branta canadensis
Cassidix mexicanus
Geothlypis trichas
1
43
60
unknown
12
3
1
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
N/R
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
unknown bird
22
mortality
Ingestion
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 32 of 36
-------
Incident # Species
URBAN RESIDENTIAL
1004169-040
american robin
YARD
1002243-001
american robin
grackle
TERRESTRIAL/AQUATIC
BUILDING
1000962-001
american robin
crayfish
darter
fox
sucker
trout
FIELD
1005604-001
Home
1000643-001
bluegill
perch
bream
Scientific Name
Turdus migratorius
Turdus migratorius
Quiscalus sp.
Magnitude
43
Turdus migratorius
Decapoda
Etheostoma sp.
Canidae
Catostomodidae
Salmonidae
Lepomis macrochirus
Percidae
Notemigonus crysoleucas undetermined
Response
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Ingestion
n/r
n/r
1
n/r
n/r
1
n/r
n/r
unknown
unknown
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Ingestion
Ingestion
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
Runoff
DIKE BREAK
DIKE BREAK
mortality
Spill
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 33 of 36
-------
Incident #
Home, exterior
1005607-001
1014123-006
Species
minnow
salamander
scud
sunfish
unknown fish
bowfin
carp
catfish
crappie
largemouth bass
sunfish
turtle
unknown fish
unknown snake
RANCH FARM STREAM
1000103-016
american alligator
banded water snake
black swamp snake
bluegill
boat-tailed grackle
Scientific Name
Cyprinidae
Amphibia
Amphipoda
Centrarchidae
Amia calva
Cyprinus carpio
Ictaluridae
Centrarchidae
Micropterus salmoides
Centrarchidae
Testudines
A. mississipiensis
Lepomis macrochirus
Cassidix mexicanus
Magnitude
undetermined
undetermined
undetermined
undetermined
20
unknown
27
9
11856
unknown
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unkown
approx. 2,000
unkown
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Treated directly
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 34 of 36
-------
Incident #
Soybean
1000403-001
Species
bowfin
brown bullhead
frog
golden shiner
lake chubsucker
largemouth bass
mosquito fish
redear sunfish
seminole killifish
shiner
spotted gar
spotted sunfish
turkey vulture
turtle, fl soft shell
unknown bird
warmouth
white ibis
wood stork
bass
bullhead
carp
channel catfish
drum
Scientific Name
Amia calva
Ameiuris nebulosus
Anura
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Erimyzon sucetta
Micropterus salmoides
Gambusia affinis
Lepomis microlophus
Fundulus seminolis
Cyprinidae
Lepisosteus oculatus
Lepomis punctatus
Cathartes aura
Trionyx ferox
Lepomis gulosus
Eudocimus albus
Mycteria americana
Micropterus spp.
Ameiurus sp.
Cyprinus carpio
Ictsalurus punctatus
Aplodinotus grunniens
Magnitude
75
187
313
2338
1590
617
748
4133
1219
4301
561
1683
unknown
427
142
411
unknown
unknown
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
incapacitation
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
incapacitation
Rt. Exposure
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
Spill
54
2
78
26
26
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 35 of 36
-------
Incident #
Species
minnow
shad
sucker
sunfish
white bass
Scientific Name
Cyprinidae
Clupeidae
Catostomodidae
Centrarchidae
Morone chrysops
Magnitude
8195
221
55
563
17
Response
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
mortality
Rt. Exposure
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Drift
Monday, August 31, 2009
Page 36 of 36
-------
J.3. Summary table of bird incidents attributed to chlorpyrifos from the AIMS Database
of the American Bird Conservancy, queried September 1, 2009.
Species
Bald Eagle
Red-tailed Hawk
Mallard
Canada Goose
Rock Pigeon
American Crow
Great Horned Owl
Blue Jay
european starling
American Robin
Duck
Golden Eagle
Cooper's Hawk
Common Crackle
Mourning Dove
Red-winged Blackbird
Crackle
Unknown Bird
Eagle
Crow
House Sparrow
Hawk
Wild Turkey
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Blackbird
Goose
American Wigeon
House Finch
American Kestrel
Sparrow
Brown-headed Cowbird
Eastern Screech-owl
Peregrine Falcon
Common Raven
Northern Cardinal
Eastern Bluebird
Finch
Brewer's Blackbird
# Events
# Birds Killed
# Birds Sub-lethally
Affected
284
245
212
212
144
141
113
100
94
86
83
79
77
75
64
58
51
50
43
43
41
38
38
36
36
34
32
32
31
30
29
29
28
26
24
21
21
20
447
521
3396
5686
867
236
129
153
304717
10894
44758
181
137
782
592
22991
2029
1281
107
67
134
84
209
455
3982
762
5706
222
36
1621
1248
28
30
105
57
60
1214
984
45
25
117
8
18
3
5
3
2
6
7
4
3
13
3
8
6
4
1
2
1
7
-------
Dove
Vulture
Cedar Waxwing
Owl
Northern Harrier
Domestic Chicken
Ring-billed Gull
Magpie
Gull
Snow Goose
Great Blue Heron
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Turkey Vulture
Boat-tailed Crackle
Savannah Sparrow
Barn Owl
Western Meadowlark
Chipping Sparrow
Herring Gull
Killdeer
Egret
Northern Pintail
Northern Flicker
White-throated Sparrow
Songbird
Waterfowl
Red-shouldered Hawk
Barred Owl
Laughing Gull
Northern Mockingbird
Passerine
Horned Lark
American Coot
Dark-eyed Junco
Fish Crow
Black-billed Magpie
Purple Martin
Western Bluebird
Barn Swallow
Song Sparrow
Black-crowned Night-
heron
White-crowned Sparrow
20
19
19
18
17
17
17
17
15
14
14
14
13
13
12
12
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
234
41
1338
52
37
37
274
73
758
1020
66
14
16
339
42
15
67
31
106
35
74
111
52
21
149
401
7
7
234
18
82
109
142
26
14
54
78
44
14
9
11
6
20
101
5
2
1
1
3
2
1
4
-------
American Goldfinch
Western Sandpiper
Ferruginous Hawk
Lark Sparrow
Lawrence's Goldfinch
Quail
Black Vulture
Snowy Owl
Pheasant
Osprey
Cattle Egret
Teal
Raptor
Gadwall
Greater White-fronted
Goose
California Gull
Muscovy Duck
Brant
Great-tailed Crackle
Black Skimmer
Pekin Duck
Least Sandpiper
Sandpiper
Dunlin
White-winged Dove
Inca Dove
Green-winged Teal
American Black Duck
Black-necked Stilt
Meadowlark
Blue Grosbeak
Blue-winged Teal
Cowbird
Northern Bobwhite
Great Egret
Wren
American White Pelican
Yellow-billed Magpie
Wood Duck
Prairie Falcon
Northern Gannet
Swan
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
193
58
6
13
39
17
70
8
82
6
104
19
77
145
329
99
16
878
55
25
5
5
14
242
68
16
1122
4
9
32
4
15
10
15
16
3
1701
10
4
3
9
4
27
1
1
1
4
-------
Short-eared Owl 3 3
Eastern Meadowlark 3 3
Oregon Junco 3 5
Shrike 3 7
Double-crested Cormorant 3 5
Tricolored Blackbird 3 3
Sandhill Crane 3 10
Rough-legged Hawk 321
Bronzed Cowbird 2 601
Grasshopper Sparrow 2 2
Downy Woodpecker 2 2
Carolina Wren 2 5
California Quail 2 2
Cliff Swallow 2 243
Franklin's Gull 2 9
Flycatcher 2 5
Common Loon 2 3
American Pipit 2 4
Band-tailed Pigeon 2 26 3
Glaucous-winged Gull 2 2
Helmeted Guineafowl 221
Snowy Egret 282
Long-eared Owl 2 2
Shorebird 2 2
Mute Swan 2 2
Swainson's Hawk 2 40
Swallow 2 8
Hummingbird 2 12
Swamp Sparrow 2 2
Northern Goshawk 2 2
Heron 2 3
Mallard/muscovy Hybrid 2 7
Hermit Thrush 2 4
Summer Tanager 2 2
Grebe 2 501
Wood Stork 2 23 1
Purple Finch 2 2
Western Scrub-jay 2 4
Green Heron 2 2
Green Jay 2 3
Ring-necked Pheasant 2 102
Ross's Goose 2 6
Rusty Blackbird 2 2
-------
Sanderling 2 3
Brown Pelican 1 1
Scarlet Tanager 1 1
Semipalmated Sandpiper 1 1
Carolina Chickadee 1 5
Sharp-tailed Grouse 1 1
Ring-necked Duck 1 1
Short-billed Dowitcher 1 1
Brown Thrasher 1
Sandwich Tern 1 1
Semipalmated Plover 1 1
Baltimore Oriole 1 1
Willet 1
White-tailed Kite 1 1
White Ibis 1 1
Warbler 1
Varied Thrush 1
Trumpeter Swan 1 3
Tree Swallow 1 2
Black-billed Cuckoo 1 1
Towhee 1 1
Snow Bunting 1
Tennessee Warbler 1
Bank Swallow 1 1
Swainson's Thrush 1
Common Ground-dove 1 2
Black-bellied Whistling-
duck
Redhead 1 1
Steller's Jay 1 1
Snowy Plover 1
American Woodcock 1 1
Grosbeak 1 1
Common Crow 1 2
Lapland Longspur 1 60
Jay 1 1
Eleanora's Falcon 1 20
American Avocet 1 2
Hooded Merganser 1 1
Forster's Tern 1 2
Fulvous Whistling-duck 1 1
Lesser Scaup 1 4
Glaucous Gull 1
-------
Lesser Yellowlegs
Glossy Ibis
Green-tailed Towhee
Golden-crowned Sparrow
Gray Catbird
Gray Partridge
Great Black-backed Gull
Greater Prairie-chicken
Greater Antillean Crackle
Grouse
Nighthawk
Cinnamon Teal
Plover
Hybrid Goose
Piping Plover
Great Heron
Ovenbird
Common Moorhen
Common Peafowl
Eastern Phoebe
Common Yellowthroat
red-cockaded woodpecker
Crested Caracara
Mottled Duck
dickcissel
Mississippi Kite
Merlin
Loon
Long-billed Curlew
Little Blue Heron
Northern Saw-whet Owl
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
9
14
1
35
1
1
1
-------
APPENDIX K: CIS Maps and Spatial Analyses
I. Labeled Uses for chlorpyrifos
The following use list is derived from label use information. It is used as a basis for the spatial
analysis of chlorpyrifos.
Table 1. Use list from labels
NLCD Category
Cultivated crops
Turf
Rights-of-way
Orchard/vineyard
Use
Alfalfa, sorghum (milo), soybeans, asparagus, beans (asparagus,
road, dried, hyacinth, moth, mung, rice, lima, snap, tepary, urd),
broccoli (raab, Chinese), brussels sprouts, cabbage (Mustard,
Chinese), pea (Catjang/Jerusal em/Marble, cowpea, blackeye,
dried, early dwarf, field, pigeon, southern, succulent), cauliflower,
Christmas tree plantations, cole crops, collards, corn (field,
sweet), cotton, cranberry, cucumber, garbanzos, kale, kohlrabi,
legume vegetables, lentils, lupine (grain), mint, onion, peanut,
pumpkin, radish, rutabaga, strawberry, sugar beet, sunflower,
sweet potato, tobacco, turnip (greens, root), wheat, guar
Commercial/industrial lawns, industrial areas, golf course,
ornamental grasses, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental
non-flowering plants, ornamental sod farm
Non-agricultural rights-of-way, fencerows
Almond, apple, calamondin, cherry, citron, citrus (hybrids),
deciduous fruit trees, filbert (hazelnut), fruits, grapefruit, grapes,
kumquat, lemon, lime, nectarine, orange, orchards, peach,
conifers (seed orchard), ornamental and/or shade trees,
ornamental woody shrubs and vines, fig, seed orchard trees, pear,
pecan, plum, prune, pummelo (shaddock), tangelo, walnut
(English/black)
II. Initial Area of Concern
After determining which uses will be assessed from label information, an evaluation of the
potential 'footprint' of use patterns is determined. The 'footprint' includes all areas within the
state of California where the pesticide could be applied (Figure 1). The footprint of potential use
represents the chemical's initial area of concern, and is typically based on available land cover
data. Uses that are not represented through available land cover data are not displayed spatially,
as their extent cannot be defined using existing categories of land cover classes (e.g. dumpsters).
The initial area of concern represents the starting point from which the action area is defined.
A. Land Cover
Base mapping land cover layers for the initial area of concern analysis were obtained from the
National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD 2001) for the majority of land use types. The NLCD was
- 1 -
-------
released as a nationally consistent, regionally indexed dataset in January 2007. California GAP
data from the Biogeography Lab from UCLA-Santa Barbara (1998) were obtained for the
orchard and vineyard uses. These raster files were converted to vectors using simplification and
majority filter routines, and used in the analysis. The rights-of-way land cover layer was derived
by combining road and rail information from TeleAtlas (2007) with U.S. Department of
Transportation's National Pipeline Mapping System (1999). Table 2 shows the land-cover
sources used for the initial area of concern analysis.
-2-
-------
Table 2. Land Cover Data Sources
Layer name
Cultivated
Crops
Developed,
High Intensity
Developed,
Low Intensity
Developed,
Medium
Intensity
Developed,
Open Space
Forest
Open Water
Orchards and
vineyards
Pasture/Hay
Wetlands
Turf
Rights-of-way
Base
source
NLCD
NLCD
NLCD
NLCD
NLCD
NLCD
NLCD
CAGAP
NLCD
NLCD
NLCD
US DOT;
TeleAtlas
Description
Grid code 82: Areas used for the production of annual crops, such as
corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and orchards/vineyards, and also
perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop
vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation.
This class also includes all land being actively tilled.
Grid code 24: Includes highly developed areas where people reside or
work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row
houses and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for
80 to 100 percent of the total cover.
Grid code 22: Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials
and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of
total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family
housing units.
Grid code 23: Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials
and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the
total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family
housing units.
Grid code 21 : Includes areas with a mixture of some constructed
materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses.
Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover.
These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing
units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed
settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes.
Grid codes 41,42,43: Deciduous, evergreen and mixed. Areas
dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater
than 20% of total vegetation cover.
Grid code 1 1 : All areas of open water, generally with less than 25%
cover of vegetation or soil.
Grid codes 1 1210, 1 1211 and 1 1212. This is the only CA GAP
reference.
Grid code 81: Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures
planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops,
typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for
greater than 20 percent of total vegetation.
Grid codes 90, 95: Woody wetlands and emergent herbaceous.
A derived NLCD class based on developed classes and the
impervious surface layer with corrections applied.
A derived class using road, rail, and pipeline coverages.
-3-
-------
B. Initial Stream Reaches
In addition to the land cover classes described above, the initial area of concern includes the
stream segments found within those land cover areas. The stream segments are obtained from the
NHDPlus dataset. For each stream reach in the hydrography network, the data provide a tally of
the total area in each NLCD land cover class for the upstream cumulative area contributing to the
given stream reach. Using the cumulative land cover data provided by the NHDPlus
(http://www.horizon-systems.com/nhdplus/), an aggregated use class is created based on the
classes listed in Table 1. A cumulative percent cropped area (PCA) is calculated for each stream
reach based on the aggregate use class (divided by the total upstream contribution area).
Pesticide exposures in the streams within the initial area of concern are conservatively assumed
to be represented by the estimated environmental concentrations used in RQ calculation.
-4-
-------
Figure 1.
Initial Area of Concern for Chlorpyrifos
Legend
| Turf use
^^| Rights-of-way use
^ Orchard vineyard
^] Cultivated
~] CA counties
i Kilometers
01530 60 90 120
1:4,853,883
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Cap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (OAF1)
National Land Cover Data base (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001)
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum Of 1983 (NAD 198 3).
9/2009
-5-
-------
III. Spatial Extent of the Effects Determination
Based on the results of the Agency's endangered species risk assessment for chlorpyrifos, a
Likely to Adversely Affect (LAA) and modification to critical habitat determination was
concluded for the California red-legged frog (CRLF). A Likely to Adversely Affect (LAA) and
modification to critical habitat determination was also concluded for the Delta smelt (DS),
California tiger salamander (CIS), Bay checkerspot butterfly (BCB), and the Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle (VELB). A Likely to Adversely Affect (LAA) determination was concluded for
the San Francisco garter snake (SFGS), California clapper rail, (CCR), Salt marsh harvest mouse
(SMHM), San Joaquin kit fox fSJKF), and California freshwater shrimp (CFS), The spatial
extent of the effects determination is based on the initial area of concern for application of
chlorpyrifos on cultivated crops and developed land, and expanded to include the total area
where there is potential for direct or indirect effects to occur via off-site transport mechanisms.
The extent of potential off-site transport is determined by deriving the spray drift area and the
run-off area using the downstream dilution model and AgDRTFT.
The identified direct and indirect effects are anticipated to occur only for those currently
occupied core areas, CNDDB occurrence sections, and areas of designated critical habitat for the
CRLF, and occurrence sections and areas of designated critical habitat for the San Francisco Bay
Species (DS, CTS, BCB, VELB, SFGS, CCR, SMHM, SJKF and CFS) that are located 1,000
feet from legal use sites where chlorpyrifos is applied to cultivated crops and developed land.
AgDRIFT and/or AgDISP spray drift models are used to determine the distance from the initial
area of concern where no direct or indirect effects are expected to occur due to exposure to spray
drift. It is assumed that lentic (i.e., non-flowing) waterbodies (or potential CRLF habitat) are
included within the spray drift area. Spray drift analysis is discussed in Section 5.4. The
downstream extent analysis indicates is the furthest distance that could be added downstream is
285 kilometers. This distance is representative of the maximum continuous downstream dilution
from the edge of the initial area of concern where direct/indirect effects and/or critical habitat
modification may occur.
There are several types of habitat areas: critical habitat (CH), currently occupied core areas (for
the CRLF only), the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) occurrence sections
identified from Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) vs. EPA et al. (Case No. 07-2794-JCS),
(shown in yellow, Figures 2;10), and recovery plan locations depicting either habitat point
locations (Figures 3,4,6,8, and 10) or river segments (Figure 7).
The overlap of land cover corresponding to chlorpyrifos use patterns that result in an LAA
determination and CRLF habitat for the entire state of California is shown in Figures 11-20. The
overlap maps provides a depiction of land cover that corresponds to "LAA" chlorpyrifos use
patterns, overlapped with habitat; however, the actual area of overlap is expected to be greater
when off-site transport via spray drift is included for each land cover type. The buffers may be
different for each land cover type due to varying application rates and/or methods for different
use patterns. Further analysis of the extent of drift for each land cover type and the overlap with
habitat can be included as part of the consultation process, if needed.
-6-
-------
Figure 2.
Delta Smelt Habitat
," Suiter
Legend
|^^| Delta smelt critical habitat
| | Delta smelt occurrence sections
| | NHD water bodies
Streams and Rivers
"1 CAcounties
I Kilometer
SO 24 8 12 16
1:635,406.
/
Map created by US EPA on 10/6/2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
River data from ESRI (2004), county boundaries from ESRI (2002),
water bodies from NHDPIus (2006).
Delta Smelt section information obtained from Case No. 07-2794-JCS.
Critical habitat data obtained from http:/crithab.fws.gov/.
S ^
10/2009
-7-
-------
Figure 3
California Clapper Rail Habitat
Legend
o Calif Clapper RailfromRP
| | Calif Clapper Rail (sections)
| | NHD water bodies
Streams and Rivers
I CAcounties
01.53 6 9 12
1:459,989
kilometers
•
Map created by US EPA on 10/B2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
River data from 2004 ESRI data, county boundaries from 2002 ESRI data.
CA Clapper Rail section information obtained from Case No. 07-2794-JCS.
Point habitat data obtained from USFWS Recovery Plan, 1984.
sanja E^u
10/2009
-------
Figure 4
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Habitat
Legend
o SM Harvest Mouse from RP
| | SM Harvest Mouse sections
, NHD waterbody
CAStreams and Rivers
~~] CAcounties
• Kilometers
02.55 10 15 20
1:638,315
Map created by US EPA on 10J7/2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
County boundaries and streams from ESRI (2002). Water bodies
from NHDPIus (2006). SMHM section data obtained from Case No.
07-2794-JCS. Point habitat data obtained from USFWS Recovery
Plan, 1984.
-9-
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Figure 5
California Tiger Salamander Habitat
Sieifa
Legend
^^| CATiger Salamander CH
| | CA Tiger Salamander (sections)
I CAcounties
I Kilometers
0510 20 30 40
1:1,752,468
Map created by US EPA on 10/7/2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
County boundaries from ESRI (2002). Occurrence section data
obtained from Case No. 07-2794-JCS. Critical habitat from
http://crithab.fws.aovA
10/2009
- 10-
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Figure 6
SF Garter Snake Habitat
Legend
A SFGarterSnake distribution from RP
| | SF Garter Snake occurrence sections
| | NHD waterbody
CA Streams and Rivers
CAcounties
I Kilometers
Ata
metia
San
Francisco
Bay
012 4 6 8
1:282,367
Mat: created by US EPA on 10/7/2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
County boundaries and streams from ESRI (2002). Water bodies
from NHDPIus (2006), section data obtained from Case No.
07-2794-JCS, SFGS distribution data obtained from USFWS
Recovery Plan (RP) 1985.
- 11 -
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Figure 7
California Freshwater Shrimp Habitat
Legend
| | CAFreshwater Shrimp sections
CAFreshwater Shrimp habitat (RP)
| |MHDArea
CAStreams and Rivers
| | CAcounties
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
024 8 12 16
1:490,782
*E
Map created by US EPA on 1Q/EJ2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
County boundaries and streams from ESRI (2002). Water bodies
from NHDPIus (2006).
CA Freshwater Shrimp section information from Case No. 07-2794-JCS,
rwer habitat segments obtained from USFWS Recovery Plan (RP) 1998.
10/2009
- 12-
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Figure 8
San Joaquin Kit Fox Habitat
Legend
SJ Kit Fox distribution (RP)
^] SJ Kit Fox occurrence sections
^\ CAcounties
i Kilometers
0510 20 30 40
1:1,782,233
Map created by US EPA on 10J7/2009. Projection: Albers Equal Santa Barbara
Area Conic USGS, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
County boundaries from ESRI (2002). Occurrence section data
from Case No. 07-2794-JCS, distribution data from
USFWS Recovery Plan 1998.
- 13-
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Figure 9
Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Habitat
Legend
| | Valley Elderberry Btl sections
|^| Valley Elderberry Btl CH
NHD waterbody
\ ^ t
CAStreams and Rivers
"1 CAcounties
\ 0.35 5 7.5 10
1:464,452
Map created by US EPA on 10/7/2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
County boundaries and streams from ESRI (2002). Occurrence
section data from Case No. 07-2794-JCS, critical habitat
data from http:/crithab.fws. gov/.
10/2009
- 14-
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Figure 10
Bay Checkerspot Butterfly Habitat
Legend
A Bay Checkerspot Butterfly RP
^H Bay Checkerspot Butterfly CM
f Bay Checkerspot Btfly sections
NHD waterbody
CA Streams and Rivers
^| CA counties
w. _>
01.53 6 9 12
1:517,774
Map created by US EPA on 10/7/2009. Projection: Albers Equal
Area Conic USGS, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
County boundaries and streams from ESRI (2002), Water bodies
from NHDPIus (2006). Occurrence section data obtained from
Case No. 07-2794-JCS, critical habitat data obtained from
http:Wcrithab.fws.gov/, point data obtained from USFWS Recovery
Plan (RP) 1998. Landcoverfrom USDA Gap Analysis Program
Orchard/Vineyard, National Land Cover Database (MRLC, 2001)
and derivative products.
- 15-
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Figure 11
Delta Smelt with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
^^| Chlorpyrifos use overlap
^H Delta smelt CH
L >
Delta smelt occurrence sections y/,
Turf
Rights-of-way
Ore hard vineyard
Cultivated
CA counties
• Kil o mete r
d.3 6 9 12
' -emu r^^^fc*.-^^™,, »-v_ j i. -> . -
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
USDA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 0*1 RLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year reviews and
Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections.
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, p >,
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (NAD 1963).
- 16-
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Figure 12
CA Clapper Rail with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
^^| Chlorpyrifos use overlap
A CA Clapper Rail overlap
o CA Clapper Rail from RP
| | Calif Clapper Rail (sections)
J Rights-of-way
^ Orchard vineyard
] Cultivated
| | CA counties
^ ^
• Kilometers
01.S3 6 9 12
1:638,674
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year reviews and
Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections.
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (1*01963).
- 17-
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Figure 13
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
Major rivers
^^| Use overlap
o SM Harvest Mouse from RP
| | SM Harvest Mouse (sections)
f Rights-of-way
| | Orchard vineyard
| | Cultivated
"1 CA counties
01.53 6 9 12
1:645338
Compiled from CA county boundaries and streams from ESRI
(2002), USDA Gap Analysis Program 0rehar*Vineyard Landcover
(GAP) National Land Cover Database (NLCD NRLC, 2002).
SMHM section data obtained from Case No. 07-2794-JCS.
Point habitat data obtained from USFWS Recovery Plan, 1984.
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
- 18-
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Figure 14
California Tiger Salamander with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
^^| Chlorpyrifos use overlap
^^| CA Tiger Salamander CH
CA Tiger Salamander (sections)
J Rights-of-way
^ Orchard vineyard
^ Cultivated
^] CA counties
w_ _*
13.59 13 27 36
1:1,753,453 r^--_
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year reviews and
Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections. ,•' *
,; Sa'F&*lfc-f>bis$
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (NAD 1963).
i -A
10Q009
- 19-
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Figure 15
San Francisco Garter Snake with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
| Chlorpyrifos use overlap
A SF Garter Snake overlap
A SF Garter Snake FWS
U SF Garter Snake sections
^| Turf
J Rights-of-way
^ Orchard vineyard
^ Cultivated
| CA counties
0.9 2 3
• Kilometers
1:282,526
Ala me:
San
Francisco
Bay
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year ra'iews and
Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections.
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (MAD 1983).
-20-
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Figure 16
CA Freshwater Shrimp with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
^^| Chlorpyrifos use overlap
| | CA Freshwater shrimp sections
CA Freshwater shrimp streams
J Rights-of-way
^ Orchard vineyard
^ Cultivated
"1 CA counties
i Kilo meters
012 4 6 3
1:493 ,306
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (OAF1)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year reviews and
Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections.
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (MAD 1983).
-21 -
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Figure 17
San Joaquin Kit Fox with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
^^| Chlorpyrifos use overlap
* SJ Kit Fox pt overlap
SJ Kit Fox points
| | SJ Kit Fox sections
^H Turf
[H Rights-of-way
^] Orchard vineyard
~] Cultivated
"1 CA counties
• Kilometers
048 16 24 32
1:1,791,398
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year reviews and
Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections. .- „ ,
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. S,
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (MAD 1983).
-22-
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Figure 18
Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
A./
Legend
^^^ Major rivers
^^| Chlorpyrifos use overlap
Valley Elderberry Btl sections
Valley Elderberry Btl CH
Turf
Rights-of-way
Orchard vineyard
Cultivated
CA counties
012
"•\
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year reviews and
, Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections.
I" Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
I of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (MAD 1983).
-23-
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Figure 19
Bay Checkerspot Butterfly with Potential Chlorpyrifos Use
Legend
j^^J Use overlap
A Bay Checkerspot Btfly pt overlap
A Bay Checkerspot Butterfly (FWS)
j^H Bay Checkerspot Butterfly CH
| | Bay Checkerspot Btfly sections
| Rights-of-way
^] Orchard vineyard
^] Cultivated
^] CA counties
01.53 S 9 12
1:513,065
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
USCW Gap Analysis Program Orchard^ Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001). Species data
were obtained from USFWS (critical habitat, 5-year reviews and
Recovery Plans), and CBD court case sections.
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983).
10/2009
-24-
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Figure 20
CA Red-legged Frog and Potential Chlorpyrifos Use Overlap
Legend
^^| Use overlap
CRLF occurrence sections
^B CRLF Critical habitat
| CRLF Core areas
]] CA counties
i Kilometers
01530 60 90 120
1:4,853,883
Compiled from California County boundaries (ESRI, 2002),
US DA Gap Analysis Program Orchard! Vineyard Landcover (GAP)
National Land Cover Data base (NLCD) (MRLC, 2001)
Map created by US Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pesticides Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
Projection: Albers Equal Area Conic USGS, North American
Datum Of 1983 (NAD 198 3).
9/2009
-25-
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IV. A Note on Limitations and Constraints of Tabular and Geospatial
Sources
The geographic data sets used in this analysis are limited with respect to their accuracy and
timeliness. The National Land Cover Data Set (NLCD 2001) represents the most current and
comprehensive collection of national land use and land cover information for the United States
and represents land cover data obtained between 1994-1998. Two additional data sets were
included to account for uses not clearly defined by the NLCD. These supplemental data include
orchard and vineyard land cover data from the California Gap Analysis Project data (CaGAP
1998), and rights-of-way data derived from the Teleatlas (2007).
Hydrographic data are from the NHDPlus data set (http://www.horizon-systems.com/nhdplus/).
NHDPlus contains the most current and accurate nationwide representation of hydrologic data.
At a spatial scale of 1:100,000, the NHDPlus might omit the smallest streams and waterbodies.
In addition, in some isolated instances, there are errors in the data including missing or
disconnected stream segments and incorrect assignment of flow direction.
The relatively coarse spatial scale and general classification categories of these data sets preclude
use of the data for highly localized study. Additionally, some labeled uses are not possible to
map precisely due to the lack of appropriate spatial data in NLCD on the location of these areas.
OPP will continue to endeavor to identify and incorporate (as appropriate) additional land cover
data sets for other land classes not captured in this assessment. In addition, as new updates to
existing data occur, these will also be evaluated and incorporated as appropriate.
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V. References for GIS Maps
Crop Maps
GAP. Gap Analysis. National Biological Information Infrastructure, www.nbii.gov
MRLC, 2001. Multiresolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) www.mrlc.gov
EPA Environmental Fate and Effects Division NLCD-derived turf.
EPA Environmental Fate and Effects Division road-derived rights-of-way.
EPA Environmental Fate and Effects Division turf layer.
Physical Maps
ESRI, 2002. Detailed Counties, ESRI data and maps. (1:24,000) www.esri.com
NHD Plus Region 18 (vOl), National Hydrography Dataset, nhd.usgs.gov
Habitat Maps
Center for Biological Diversity vs EPA Case No. 07-2794-JCS.
US FWS 2002 California red-legged frog General Recovery Zones
US FWS 2002 California red-legged frog Core Areas
US FWS 2005 Final Critical Habitat for California red-legged frog
California Red-legged Frog CNDDB Occurrence Sections - California Natural Diversity
Database http://www.dfg.ca. gov/bdb/html/cnddb .html
Critical habitat maps (Delta Smelt, Calif. Tiger Salamander, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle,
Bay Checkerspot Butterfly, Alameda Whipsnake, Tidewater Goby) from crithab.fws.gov
Delta Smelt Recovery Plan, 1996. ecos.fws.gov
California Clapper Rail Recovery Plan, 1984. ecos.fws.gov
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Recovery Plan, 1984. ecos.fws.gov
San Francisco Garter Snake, 1985. ecos.fws.gov
California Freshwater Shrimp, 1998. ecos.fws.gov
San Joaquin Kit Fox, 1998. ecos.fws.gov
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Bay Checkerspot Butterfly, 1998. ecos.fws.gov
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