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    Summary of Cleanup Options

EPA considered five cleanup options.

 Alternative A:  No Action.
 Cost:  $0 EPA is required by law to consider
 the "no action" option.

 Alternative B: Basin Capping and
 Groundwater Extraction and Treatment.
 Cost: $24,200,000 to $25,600,000.

 Alternative C: Basin Capping, Groundwater
 Extraction and Treatment and Leachate
 Removal and Treatment. This is EPA's
 preferred option.
 Cost: $30,000,000 to $31,400,000.

 Alternative D: Basin Capping, Groundwater
 Extraction and In-situ Treatment of Viscose
 Basin Solids/Leachate with Electrical
 Resistance Heating (ERH).
 Cost: $74,200,000 to $75,600,000.

 Alternative E: Ex-situ treatment of Viscose
 Basin Solids and Ground Water Extraction/
 Treatment.
 Cost: $142,500,000 to $143,900,000.

 EPA's Nine Criteria Analysis

 Before a final  cleanup  is chosen,  all the
 options  must  be judged against  nine
 criteria to make sure that EPA is selecting
 the best cleanup.  The nine criteria are:

 1. Overall Protection of Human Health and
 the Environment
 2. Compliance with Applicable or Relevant
 and Appropriate Requirements
 3. Long-term Effectiveness
 4. Reduction ofToxicity, Mobility, or
 Volume through Treatment
 5. Short-term Effectiveness
 6. Implementability
 1. Cost
 8. State Acceptance
 9. Community Acceptance
               Next Steps

After the public comment period has ended
and all the comments have been reviewed and
carefully considered,  EPA will  choose the
final  cleanup plan for the site.   The final
cleanup will  be described  in  a  Record of
Decision (ROD)

The answers to the public comments will be
recorded in a document called the
Responsiveness Summary, which is part of the
ROD.  If EPA gets any comments  or
information that change our preferred cleanup
option, that will also be recorded in the ROD.

          For More Information

For more information about the plan or the
documents  and  reports that were  used in its
development,  or about the site  in general,
please visit any of the following locations:

       Samuels Public Library
       538 Villa Avenue
       Front Royal, Virginia
       540-635-3153

       U.S. Environmental Protection
       Agency
       EPA Administrative Records Room
       1650  Arch Street - (3HS42)
       Philadelphia, PA  19103

  Please  call  Anna  Butch, Administrative
Record Coordinator at (215) 814-3157 for an
appointment.
                 Site History

    The Avtex Fibers site is located in Front Royal,
 Virginia and occupies approximately 440 acres.  The
 Randolph Macon Academy is located along the east
 property boundary.  The former General Chemical
 plant is located along the northwest border of the site.
 Residential areas are located to the east, south, and
 north of the property.  The South Fork of the Shenan-
 doah River is located along the western portion of the
 property.

Operations at the site began in 1940, when American
Viscose opened a rayon production plant. In 1963,
American Viscose sold the plant and property to FMC,
and in 1976, the plant and  property were sold by FMC
to Avtex Fibers-Front Royal, Inc.  Rayon fibers were
continually produced until the plant closed in 1989.
Polyester and polypropylene were also produced over
short periods of time.

In 1982, the Commonwealth of Virginia detected car-
bon disulfide in residential wells located across the
South Fork of the Shenandoah River.  In 1984, EPA
proposed that the site be addressed under the Super-
fund program. Between 1986 and 1988, Avtex con-
ducted an investigation of the  source and extent of the
carbon disulfide in ground water. The investigation
determined that waste viscose containing carbon disul-
fide was leaching from three of the eleven viscose ba-
sins (VB9, 10, and 11). In 1988, EPA issued a Record
of Decision (ROD) which  called for pumping and
treating the groundwater beneath and down gradient of
VB9,  10, andll. This remedy  was subsequently sus-
pended pending a Site-wide investigation.

Shortly after the 1988 ROD was issued, Avtex shut
down the facility. After the plant shut down in 1989,
EPA initiated response actions to ensure there would
be no uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances or
other threats to human health and the environment.  In
the several years following the plant's shutdown, EPA
responded to the various emergency and time critical
conditions the site presented.

In 1999, EPA and FMC entered into a comprehensive
Consent Decree. FMC agreed to conduct the cleanup
under EPA oversight.

OU7,  the subject  of this Proposed Plan, groundwater,
surface water and Viscose Basins 9 -  11 is the final
action for the site which is not being addressed under
another administrative agreement. The Remedial Inves-
tigation / Feasibility  Study was completed in July 2009
and is the basis for this Proposed Plan. The RI/FS ex-
amined groundwater issues for the entire AVTEX site

 The work done at AVTEX is divided into smaller
 manageable phases called operable units (OUs). Over
 the last 20 years numerous removal and remedial ac-
 tivities have been conducted to address threats to hu-
 man health and the environment at each OU.

       Operable Unit One (OU-l)-Groundwater-now
             being addressed as part of OU-7.

       Operable Unit Two (OU-2) - PCB contami-
             nated soils treated and disposed of off-
             site.  Completed by EPA in January
             1992.

       Operable Unit Three (OU-3) - Dismantling and
             demolition of the acid reclaim build-
             ings, completed by EPA in September
             1993.

       Operable Unit Four (OU-4) - Site security.
             This remedial action was completed by
             EPA in September 2002.

       Operable Unit 5 (OU-5) - Drums containing
             hazardous materials removed for proper
             disposal. Completed by EPA in Sep-
             tember 1994.

       Operable Unit 6 (OU-6) - Demolition of high
             hazard process buildings. This response
             action is complete.

       Operable Unit 7 (OU-7) - Viscose Basins 9, 10
             and 11, ground water, and surface water
             which is the subject of this Proposed
             Plan.

       Operable Unit (OU-8) - Institutional controls
             recorded which permanently restrict the
             land use of Areas B and C to commer-
             cial/industrial.

       Operable Unit 9 (OU-9) - Ecological investiga-
             tion and risk assessment.

       Operable Unit 10 (OU-10)  Consists of plant
             soils, visocose basins 1 through 8, the
             wastewater treatment plant and the new
             landfill. This remedial action is ongo-
             ing.

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