Despite laws established in the 1970s to make
people aware of the dangers of lead and its
poisonous effects, lead poisoning in children
remains a common, yet preventable, environmental
health problem in the United States. By under-
standing, identifying, and safely removing sources
of lead, we can ensure the long-term health of
children and prevent its devastating
and irreversible effects.
What is lead poisoning?
Lead is a toxic metal used in a variety of products and materials,
including paint, vinyl mini-blinds, pipes, leaded crystal, dishware, and
pottery coatings. When lead is absorbed into the body it can cause serious
damage to vital organs like the brain, kidneys, nerves, and blood cells.
Lead poisoning is especially harmful to children under the age of six.
What are the health effects of lead
poisoning in children?
Lead interferes with the development and functioning of almost all body
organs, particularly the kidneys, red blood cells, and central nervous system.
Lead poisoning is much more serious when children are exposed to
lead. Since their bodies are not fully developed, lead poisoning can cause:
> Brain, liver, and kidney damage;
> Slowed development;
- Learning or behavior problems;
> Lowered intellect (or IQ);
':• Hearing loss; and
':• Restlessness.
What You Need To Know
About Lead
Poisoning
What are the symptoms of lead poisoning?
Most children with lead poisoning do not show any outward symptoms
unless blood-lead levels become extremely high; consequently, many
cases of children with lead poisoning go undiagnosed and untreated.
However, some symtoms of poisoning include:
-• Headaches;
> Stomachaches;
-• Nausea;
> Tiredness; and
> Irritability.
Because the symptoms of lead poisoning are similar to those of flus or
viruses, the only way to know if a child is poisoned is to have a doctor
perform a simple blood test.
Blood Testing: The only way to detect lead poisoning is by
performing a simple blood test. The bodies of children six-months to two
years of age absorb more lead; thus, testing is increasingly important for
their health. Nevertheless, all children under the age of six should have
their blood-lead levels tested at their regular pediatrician's office or at a
public health clinic, even if nothing is apparently wrong with their health.
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What are the main sources of lead?
Lead hazards can be found in several places inside and outside of your
home, including:
> Old Paint: Lead-based paint, most often found in homes built
before 1978, is unsafe if it peels, chips, cracks, or chalks. Since babies
and young children often put their hands and other objects in their
mouths, they are likely to swallow lead dust or chew paint chips.
> Lead Dust: This harmful, invisible dust is created when win-
dows, doors, edges of stairs, rails, or other surfaces with lead-based
paint wear down from repeated friction, such as opening or closing
windows or doors. Children are most often poisoned by consuming
lead dust through normal hand-to-mouth activity. Pregnant women
who breathe in high levels of lead dust can transmit lead to their
unborn children, causing serious damage.
> Important: Lead dust can spread throughout a home when walls
or other painted surfaces are sanded, scraped, or torn down. Only
trained professionals should safely remove old paint surfaces in a home.
> Soil: Soil surrounding homes may be contaminated from chipping
or flaking exterior lead-based paint. While playing outside, especially
on bare soil, children can accidentally swallow the contaminated soil,
or track it indoors on carpets and floors where they can come into
contact with it.
For more information about lead poisoning, visit EPA's Web site at
www.epa.gov/lead or call The National Lead Information Center at
1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
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What You Need To Know About Lead What You Need To
You Need To Know About Lead What You Need To Know
What You Need To Know About Lead What You Need To
> Drinking Water: Lead pipes placed in homes before 1930 are
likely to contain lead, which is released into drinking water as it passes
through the old pipes. Between 10 and 20 percent of a non-lead
poisoned child's total lead contact comes from drinking water.
> Food: Lead can leech into food or drinks, which are stored in
imported ceramic dishes or pottery.
Other sources of Lead:
> Workplace exposure: Parents who work in lead-related
industries (namely painting, automotive, or recycling industries) or use
lead for hobbies (such as for stained glass windows).
> Home remedies: Aragon, greta, or pay-loo-ah.
> Cosmetics: Kohl and kajal.
How can lead poisoning be prevented?
Since treatment options for lead poisoning are limited, it's best to prevent
lead poisoning before it has a chance to occur. Lead poisoning is preventable
with proper:
> Nutrition: Serve children foods with a high content of iron (such
as eggs, cooked beans, or red meats), calcium (such as cheese,
yogurt, or cooked greens) and vitamin C (such as citrus fruits, green
peppers, or tomatoes). Adequate intake of these nutrients minimizes lead
absorption in children's bodies.
\ Housekeeping: Teach and practice healthy home habits, such as
hand-washing before eating and sleeping, shoe removal, washing
children's toys or other chewable surfaces, purchasing "lead-free"
mini-blinds, and wet mopping and drying floors and surfaces. Hire a
certified professional to safely remove lead sources from a home. Make
sure children and pregnant women do not stay inside a home when
renovations are underway.
\ Personal Care: Wash your hands and your children's hands
frequently, especially before eating and sleeping.
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Program
For more information about lead poisoning, visit EPA's Web site at
www.epa.gov/lead or call The National Lead Information Center at
1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
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