Buildings and
Facilities, Water
Administration
SECTION TAB
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Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Buildings and Facilities
Page
'No.
Appropriation estimate.,..,........*...... 2
Amounts available for obligation. ..-,.......................* 3
Obligations by activity 3
He-w obligational authority 1+
Obligations by object » 5
Summary of changes , 6
Explanation of transfers...«».«...,,..,.. f
Significant items in House and Senate Appropriations
Committee reports $
Table on estimates and appropriations . . . . . ............ . ..... 9
Narrative justifications:
Introduction . . ........ ,.„,....,.,,,«,...,,. ..... . ..... 10
1, Water pollution control and water quality
standards laboratories .......................... 10
2. Facilities for field evaluation of advanced
waste treatment ...................... ..... ...... 1
3« Facilities for demonstrating control of acid mine
drainage ........................ ....... . ..... .... 1J
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Appropriation Estimate
BUIHOTGS AND FACILITIES
For construction, alteration, and equipment of facilities, including
acquisition and development of sites, planning, arehitecural, and engi-
neering services, and for measures to control acid mine drainage,
$k,62^,000, to remain available until expendedj Provided, That such
unexpended balances as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
may determine to "be available as of June 30, 1966, in "the appropriation
for "Buildings and facilities/' Public Health Service, for water
pollution control activities shall be merged with this appropriation.
Note; Includes $U,62k thousand of activities transferred in the
estimates as follows (in thousands of dollars):
"Buildings and facilities/' Public Health Service.... 3,350
"Water supply and water pollution control," Public
Health Service.
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FEDERAL WATER POLLUHOI COBTHQL ADMHOISTBATION
Buildings and. Facilities
Amounts Available for Obligation
1966 1967
Appropriation. .... ... $h,62^000
Comparative transfer from. "Water Supply and Water
Pollution Control, Public Health Service"...... $1,870,000
Comparative transfer from "Buildings and
Facilities, Public Health Service1* ....... 8,971,368
Unobligated balance transferred from "¥ater
Supply and Water Pollution Control., Public
Health Service" , ,. ... 1,1*26,000
Unobligated balance transferred from "Buildings
and Facilities, Public Health Service" ... 1,987,608
Deduct unobligated balance carried forward. ._._._ -k2.k,OOP
Total... ., 10,8^1,368 7,613,608
Obligations by Activity ^
Page 1966 1967 Increase or
Ref. Estimate Estimate Decrease
10 1. Water pollution control
and water quality
standards laboratories... $7,971,368 $3,913,608 -$%,057,760
15 2. Facilities for field
evaluation of advanced
waste treatment 1,000,000 1,000,000
17 3- Facilities for demonstrating
control of acid .mine
drainage 1,870,000 2,700,000 +830,000
Total obligations. 10,81q,368 7,613,608 -3,227,760
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Hew Obligational Authority by Activity
1906 l9oT Increase or
Activity Estimate Estimate Decrease
1. Water pollution control and water
quality standards laboratories. ... $2,350.,000 +$2.,350,000
2. Facilities for field evaluation a/
of advanced waste treatment.... $1,000,,000 1,000,000
3- Facilities for demonstrating •)-,/
control of acid mine drainage.. 2,14.76, QOO"^ 1,27k, OOP -1,202, OOP
Total new obligatlonal
authority 3,1*7-6,000 4,62^,000 +1,11*8,000
a/ Appropriated in 1966 under appropriation heading
"Buildings and facilities, Public Health .Service",
b/ Appropriated in 1966 under appropriation heading
"Water supply and water pollution control".
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Obligations by. Object
1966
Estimate
195T
Estimate
Increase or
Decrease
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
ADMIIISTRATION
25 Other services:
31 Equipment............
32 Lands and structures <
Total, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration,»....
ALLOCATION TO OEHERAL SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION
2k Printing and reproduction.
25 Other services
2.6 Supplies and materials
32 Lands and structures......
Total, General Services
Administration........
$199,503 $325,000 +$125,^97
627,601 1,317,60S +690,DOT
2,803,799 3,950,000 +1,146,201
3,630,903 5,592,608 +1,961,105
15,500 5,000 -10,500
962,979 613,000 -3^9,979
3,059 3,000 -59
6,228,927 l, too, OOP -l+, 828,927
7,210,^65 2,021,000 -5,l89,i|-65
Total obligations .by object... 10,8^1,368 7,613,608 -3,227_,760
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Stannary of Changes
1966 enacted appropriation ............................
Available in 1966 in:
"Buildings and facilities, Public Health Service"........ $1,0.00.,,0.00.
"Water supply and water pollution control".................. 2,^76,000
Total available in 1966* 3,Vf6.,000
196T estimate..., ,...,........,-... . k,62k,CQQ
Total change.......... ................ ......... +l,lU8,OQO
Increases
1. Water pollution control and water quality standards
laboratories 2,350,000
2. Facilities for field evaluation of advanced waste
treatment........................................... 1,000,000
3- Facilities for demonstrating control of acid mine
drainage 1,27^, OOP
Gross increases » 4,62^, 000
Decreases
1. Facilities for field evaluation of advanced waste
treatment. ,. , -1,000,000
2. Facilities for demonstrating control of acid mine
drainage, ...... -2,476,000
Gross decreases i. -3,476,000
Total net change requested. , +1,148,000
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Explanation of Transfers
1966
Estimate
1967
Estimate
Transfer from;
"Buildings and facilities,
Public Health Service"
"Water supply and water
pollution control"
Comparative transfer from;
"Buildings and facilities,
Public Health Service"
1,4-26,000
J, 971,000
"Water supply and water
pollution control"
1,870,000
Purpose
To include in the appropria-
tion in recognition of the
establishment of a Federal
Water Pollution Control
Administration all unobli-
gated balances of funds
previously appropriated to
Public Health Service for
construction activities,
To include in this appro-
priation all funds budgeted
for constructing acid mine
drainage control measures.
(Appropriation Act proposed)
To include in this appro-
priation all funds for con-
struction activity previ-
ously budgeted in Public
Health Service.
To include in this appro-
priation all funds appro-
priated for constructing
acid mine drainage control
measures.
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8
Significant Items in House and Senate
Appropriations Committee Reports
Item
1966 Senate Report
In reporting out on the "Buildings and
"Facilities, Public Health Service" appro-
priation under whiph account funds for
water pollution control laboratories have
been budgeted the Committee indicated
that events have proven the need for addi-
tional laboratories, especially to serve
the Great Plains region and the Lower
Mississippi region, neither of which
could be serviced adequately by the
seven laboratories specifically author-
ized under the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act. They directed the use of
unobligated funds previously appropri-
ated for planning -and site acquisition
purposes to plan facilities in the
Columbia, Missouri area .and Vicksburg-
Jackson, Mississippi area to serve
these regions.
1966 Conference Report
Conferees in addition to agreeing on
the Columbia, Missouri and Vicksburg-
Jackson, Mississippi facilities also
approved a facility at Wisconsin State
University at Stevens Point, Wisconsin.
Action Taken or to be Taken
Action has been taken to reserve
$320,000 of unobligated funds to
finance cost of planning for these
facilities. Site visitations have
been made and discussions held
with Congressional, State and local
individuals concerned,'in addition
to institutions and Federal agencies,
Progress is being made in isolating
specific sites and developing pro-
gram requirements for each.
Similar action has been taken regard-
ing this facility as stated above*
In addition, $160,000 has been
reserved to plan this facility.
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9
Buildings and Facilities
Budget
Estimate House Seriate
to Congress Allowance Allowance Appropriation
.1967 $^ 621+, ooo
Hotej Prior to 196? funds to finance activities now shown
under this appropriation were requested, and
appropriated under the appropriation headingsi
"Buildings and facilities, Public Health Service"
"Water supply and water pollution control"
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1ft
Introduction:
This appropriation is established to 'include construction and related
activities previously requested under the appropriation "Buildings and
Facilities, Public Health Service" and "Water Supply and Water Pollution
Control, Public Health Service" for water pollution control programs now
included under the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration estab-
lished "by Congress in 1965.
1. Water gpllution controland water quality standards laboratories
1967 appropriation estimate....................I...........$2,350,000
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1961 (Public
Law 87-88) provide for establishment of at least seven water pollution
control laboratories in different regions of the Nation* In addition to
the seven, in 1966 Congress authorized the planning of three more to be
located at Columbia, Missouri; Vicksburg-Jackson, Mississippi area; and
Stevens Point, Wisconsin. These new facilities will enable the program to
provide technical support to the various elements of the Water Pollution
Control Administration. Programs conducted in or out of these facilities
include research, investigations, field demonstrations, technical assistance
to State and local government and technical training for Federal, State,
local, and other persons with suitable qualifications.
In 1966, four of these laboratories will be completed and operational.
These include the facilities at Athens, Georgia; Ada, Oklahoma! Corvallis,
Oregon; and College, Alaska. Planning or construction is proceeding on
six additional laboratories including the three authorized by Congress in
1966. The construction contracts for the Boston, Massachusetts and Ann
Arbor, Michigan laboratories will be awarded, with construction completed
early in 1968. Planning for the Baltimore, Maryland; Columbia, Missouri;
Vieksburg-Jackson, Mississippi; and Stevens Point, Wisconsin facilities
has been initiated.
In addition to field water pollution control laboratories, in 1963
Congress authorized the construction of two national water' quality standards
laboratories to conduct necessary research for determining water quality
standards for salt and fresh water. These facilities are being located in
larragansett, Rhode Island; and Duluth, Minnesota, respectively. The
construction of the Duluth laboratory was started in early 1966 with
completion estimated for March 1967- Construction of the laboratory at
Marragansett is anticipated to start in 196"7«
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18
Current estimates of equipment needs were developed for each laboratory
on the "basis of the proposed research, technical assistance, and training
programs to "be carried out in each laboratory. The needs are compatible
with operational requirements. The estimated cost of equipment needs for
each facility is "between $517 to $860 thousand, except Alaska, The
folio-wing is a distribution of needs "by laboratory:
College, Alaska
Ada, Oklahoma
Corvallis, Oregon
Athens, Georgia
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Boston, Massachusetts
Earragansett,
Rhode Island
Duluth, Minnesota
Total
Total
Estimated
Weeds
$253,000
557,000
517,000
593,000
525,000
525,000
650,000
860,000
k, 480,000
Equipment
Previously
Appropriated
$95,000
150,000
150,000
150, ooo
150,000
150,000
150,000
160,000
1,155,000
Re quirement s
Additional
Requirement
1967 /
$60,OCXX >
1*1.5, ooo*/
135, OOO*/
160, ooo /
« * e
» * .«
100, ooo -y
350, ooo/
950,000
Future
Requirements
$98,000
262,000
232,000
283,000
375,000
375,000
400,000
350,000
2,375,000
(3) Repairs and improvements. ,. .$400,000
Installation of special laboratory facilities, additional storage
facilities, and miscellaneous improvements including paving of parking areas
and roads, landscaping, and installation of additional sidewalks at College,
Alaska! Ada, Oklahoma and Corvallis, Oregon, Included in these funds is
$100,000 to complete the improvement of a climatic chamber at the Athens,
Georgia laboratory. These chambers are an essential part of the Athens
laboratory and are vital not only to the research program at Athens "but
also to the national research effort since this is the only laboratory now
planned to have this capability. In 1966 funds were reprogrammed to complete
the energetics model room. These funds will permit completing the ecological
system room and thereby provide the totalr-«p©a^bi0nal needs for controlled
environmental chambers, Also included ifc $165,OOp for deficiencies at the
Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, ghi©—iff"the main laboi'.at.aFy^tailding
air___-cgja4i*48nin£i]-isystem, replacement,, of Jb^geraeiii^^enTitJSFTfloor tile,
in-Sift3J^±ioj^of£Tj^
ment and/or resurfacing of sidewalk and paved areas, and improvement of the
video communication system used for training "purposes. ,
^
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PQLLUTIOH AID QUALITY LABORATORIES
/- s/
Cost Estimates through 1967
Location
Water Pollution Control
College, Alaska
Ada, Oklahoma
Corvallis, Oregon
Athens, Georgia
Boston, Massachusetts
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Baltimore, Maryland
Columbia, Missouri
Yieksburg-Jackson, Miss.
Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Water Quality Standards
Harragansett, Rhode Island
Dtiluth, Minnesota
Total Estimate
Available 4
Balance
Planned
Personnel
Strength
62
150
150
150
150
150
150'"
102
133
• requested
,ure years
Sq. Feet
25,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
35,000
44,000
for 1967
Planning
Costs
$158,000
162, 327
157,673
181,000
160,000
160,000
160, ooo
160, ooo
160,000
160,000
1,619,000
1,619,000
Construction
Cost
$2,436,155
2,015,205
2,274,999
2,569,501
2,350,000
2,350,000
I,846,l4o
2,284,000
18,126,000
17,126,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
Portable
Equipment
Cost
$253,000
557,000
517, ooo
593.000
525,000
525,000
650,000
860,000
4,480,000
1,155,000
3,325,000
950,000
. 2.375.000
Total Cost
$2,847,155
2,734,532
2,949,672
3,343,501
3,035,000
3,035,000
l6o,000
160,000
160, ooo
160,000
2,496,l4o
3,144,000
24,225,000
19,900,000
4,325,000
1,950,000
2.375.000
Estimated
Completion
Date
December 1965
February 1966
April 1966
March 1966
September 1967
September 1967
1969
1969
1969
1969
1968
March 1967
b/
a/ Excludes repairs and improvements. .£
b/ Excludes construction and equipment requirements for the facilities being planned for at Baltimore, Maryland;
Columbia, Missouri; ¥icksburg-Jackson, Mississippi; and Stevens Point, Wisconsin.
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15
2. _Facllitiesi fpru field evaluation of advanced waste treatment
1967 appropriation estimate,, .$1,000,000
Rapid population and industrial growth, coupled with changing tech-
nologies and land practices, has resulted in a large increase in the
amount, kinds, and complexity of pollutants requiring treatment before
discharge to the Nat ion'-s watercourses.
Existing treatment technology is rapidly proying inadequate to deal
with the mass and complexity of today's pollution. These processes, once
inappropriately described as providing "complete" treatment, actually
remove only 40-60 percent of all the pollutants present ( principally those
pollutants which can be separated physically by screening and settling,
and by biological degradation), Many of the new organic chemical pollut-
ants pass through the treatment process unchanged or relatively so.
Biological processes oxidize nitrogen and phosphorous compounds into
readily available plant nutrients which are causing major algal and
associated pollution problems in down-stream waters.
The Nation has already entered the water reuse phase but increasing
needs will require multiple reuse'of the same waters, particularly in the
water-short Southwest and Southwest-Pacific areas and in the highly popu-.
lated and industrialized areas of the Midwest, lortheast, and Middle
Atlantic.
.Multiple reuse of water will not be possible unless much more effective
and efficient waste treatment processes are developed than those available
now. These will need to be basically new processes, probably utilizing
chemical and physical techniques.
The objective of the.Advanced Waste Treatment Program is to develop
these new treatment processes. More broadly, the goal is to develop a
new arsenal of treatment tools which will permit the reuse of water
through a range of processes. These processes range from recharge of
ground waters with treated waste effluents to the complete conversion
of waste waters for deliberate recirculation in municipal or Industrial
water systems.
As new treatment processes are developed, they must, of necessity,
be operated in the field through construction of field evaluation plants
of a size sufficient to allow final development and assessment under full
or nearly full-scale conditions. It is only after such field evaluation
units are constructed and operated that the necessary costs, performance,
and engineering design data become available for subsequent use by the
general public.
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16
In 1966, $1,000,000 was appropriated under "Buildings and Facilities,
Public Health Service" for the construction of a field evaluation plant for
the granular carbon adsorption treatment system. In 1967* it is proposed
that a second advanced waste treatment system "be constructed for field
evaluation purposes. The second system to be evaluated will be a deminerali-
zation process which will provide for the removal of dissolved inorganics*
As in the case of our current field evaluation plant, a board of technical
consultants will be established to make recommendations on site selection
for the .facility. The basis for this selection will Include the cooperation
that can be obtained from the community and the interest and need in the
community for pollution control and for waste water purification and reuse.
The field evaluation facility will be located adjacent to or may become
part of an existing municipal waste treatment plant.
. In 1967, $1,000,000 is requested to finance the design and construction
costs of this experimental field evaluation plant.
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IT
3. Facilities for demonstrating cpntrol_ of acid mine drainage
1967 appropriation estimate. ............ ........«..* ..... . ...... ..$1,27^,000
To carry out the demonstration program, Congress .appropriated a total
of $5,0t9,000 in 1965 and 1966 under the appropriation "Water Supply and
Water Pollution Control." $3,296,000 of the amount appropriated was for
the actual construction of the various control measures necessairy. The
$5,Ql»-9,000 provided for the planning and partial or complete construction
of control measures at six sites, one in West Yirginla, three in Penn-
sylvania, one. in Maryland, and one in Kentucky. Contracts for all construc-
tion activity at the West ¥irginia site will have "been negotiated by the
end of 1966, and -work at the other 5 sites will be in various stages of
development, The 196? funds requested, will support the construction of
partial or complete control measures at these remaining 5 sites,
In 196"5* ^e *o delays in getting landowners ' permission to construct
the control measures "being proposed, it -was necessary to get Congress to
extend the availability of $820,000, appropriated for 1965 to June 30,
1966. It has now "become apparent that the funds for the actual construction
of control measures cannot all be obligated in 1966. This is due primarily
tot
(a) time involved in getting1 permission from landowners where applicable,
("b) planning and setting up specification for each site; and
(e) negotiating contracts.
Therefore, it is proposed as follows :
(l) that the unobligated balance, as of June 30, 1966, of funds made
available under "Water Supply and Water Pollution Control" appropriation
for the actual construction continue to be made available in 1967 s11^ "be
transferred and merged with this account. This is estimated to be $1,^-26,000.
(2) all other needs for constructing control measures are requested
under this appropriation. These actions win eliminate the need for
requesting extensions and transfers. Funds for the direct operations
activities (such as program planning, monitoring, evaluating effectiveness,
etc, ) by both the Departments of Health, Education, and Welfare, and of
Interior will continue to be requested under the appropriation "Water
Supply and Water Pollution Control."
The 1967 request of $1, 27^,000 is to complete construction activity
at one site, continue on three others, and initiate activity at another.
$1,676,000 is also being requested in 1967 under the appropriation "Water
Supply and Water Pollution Control" for the cost of direct operation
activity of the two Departments,
The construction activity planned for six sites is as follows :
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Total
Estimate
$1,470,000
1.550,000
1, 100 , 000
1,150,000
1,126,000
_J26|(S000
1966S/
Available
$1,470,000
896., ooo
300,000
300,000
330,000
1966 SJ
Obligation
$1,11-70,000
400,000
1966s7
Unobligated
Balance
A
496,000
300 , ooo
300,000
330,000
1967
NOA
4
654,000
200,000
200,000
50,000
iZPjjOQO
1967
Obligation
*
1,150,000
500,000
500,000
380,000
170,000
Required
to Complete
$.....
600,000
650,000
746,000
795,000
Sites
1. Elkins, ¥, Va»
2, Mocanaqua, Pa.
3- Western Pennsylvania
4. Central Pennsylvania
5. Maryland
6. Kentucky
Total 7,361,000 3,296,000 1,870,000 1,426,000 1,274,000 2,700,000 2,791,000
a/ Available and obligated under the appropriation "Water Supply and Water Pollution Control.."
b/ Proposed to be transferred and merged with this account from the "Water Supply and Water Pollution Control"
appropriation.
No estimates- included for four new sites proposed to be selected in 1967—Tennessee, Indiana,,
Ohio and West Virginia.
CO
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19
In 196^, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the
Department of Interior started a joint program to demonstrate methods for
abating and controlling acid drainage pollution from mines. -'This pollution
is destroying fisheries and recreational values, creating unsightly
esthetic conditions, making water treatment more costly and discouraging
new industry in affected areas. Results from the demonstration program
will provide the Information needed to Institute a general acid mine
drainage control program.
The demonstration program Includes such things as the installation
of masonry seals and lined channels, drilling and grouting of rock strata
with Tarious substances, forcing collapse of abandoned mine galleries,
application of gaseous and liquid chemicals to immo"bilize exposed sulfides,
reshaping the land surface, compacting soil over .subsidence areas and
along spoilbanks, "building and sealing ponds, applying Tarious mulches
and other amendments to the soil, seeding in coTer crops for soil
stabilization, and planting shrubs and treesj these "being activities
regularly done as part of reclamation of areas disturbed "by mining. It
further Includes the collection of data on the amount of work and the
costs involved in various phases of the work to aid in evaluation of the
various measures tried.
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Water Supply and
Water Pollution
Control
SECTION TAB
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20
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Water Supply and Water Pollution Control
Page
No.
Appropriation estimate ....... ........... ....... . ............ 21
Appropriation language changes ........... .. ....... ....*...... 22
Amounts available for obligation ......... ...... ............. 23
Obligations by activity. . .' ............. .......... ..... , ...... all-
Obligations by obj ect ........ , ........... ............ ....... 25
Summary of changes ........... ........................ , ...... 2.6
Explanation of transfers ..... .... ...... ... ..... . ..... . ..... . 32
Significant items in House and Senate Appropriations
Committee reports ................ . ........... ...... .. ...... 33
Table on estimates and appropriations
Warrative justifications:
Grants:
Research 35
Fellowship 36
Training , , 37
Demonstration .......... 38
Control program 39
Direct operations:
Comprehensive program. , ^3
Enforcement s 59
Research, training and technical services............. 65
Construction grants and demonstration facilities
services 92
Executive direction and management support 95
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Appropriation Estimate
SUPPLY AMD WATER POLDOTIQJff COMROL
carry out sections 301^ 3H> and 3^1 of the Act with respect
to water supply and water pollution control? and to carry out the Fed-
eral Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U,S=C. U66-466d,
h66f~k66k.)} $1^511^000, including $U, 700, 000 for grants to States
and $300, 000 for grants to interstate agencies under section 5 of the
Federal Water Pollution. Control Act, as amended./
/For an additional amount for "Water supply and water pollution
control", $628, OOP,./
For expenses necessary to carry out the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act,, as amended, and other related activities, including $1|-, 700,000
for grants to States and $300,000 for grants to interstate agencies under
section 7 of such Act, $55^-^39,000: Provided, That the unobligated
balance of funds appropriated under this head in the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriation Act, 1966, for constructing
acid mine drainage control measures, shall remain available during the
current fiscal year and shall "be transferred to the appropriation for
"Buildings and facilities." (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Appropriation Act, 1966,* Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1966.)
Mote; Excludes $1,282 thousand for activities transferred In the estimate
as follows (in thousands of dollars )i
"Buildings and facilities," Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration ........... ---- ............ ...... .......... $1, 27^
"Office of General Counsel, salaries and expenses" .......... 8
The amounts obligated in 1965 and 1966 are shown in the
schedule as comparative transfers.
Excludes -$58 thousand for activities transferred to:
"Public Buildings Service, operating expenses," General
Services Administration, ............................. k-8
"Office of Surgeon General, salaries and expenses,"
Public Health Service ...................... ..... ...... 10
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22
Appropriation Language Change
The change provides language consistent with the establishment of a
new Federal ¥ater Pollution Control Administration as directed by Congress
in passing the Water Quality Act of 1965« Additional language is provided
for reapproprtating the unobligated balance of funds appropriated in 1966
for constructing acid mine drainage control measures. This amount is
estimated to be $1,426,000. In 1966 $3,296,000, including $820,000 brought
forward from 1965 by act of Congress, is available. It has now" become
apparent that all of these funds cannot be obligated in 1966. This is due
primarily to l) time involved in getting permission from landowners, 2)
planning and setting up specifications for each site, and 3) negotiating
contracts. Therefore, to enable theee funds to be available as intended,
it is proposed that they be reappropriated. Furthermore, to avoid this
problem in the future, it also is proposed that they be permitted to be
transferred to the "Buildings and facilities" appropriation which includes
new proposals for obligational authority in 196T for this purpose, and
which provides that all funds appropriated under that heading for con-
struction activity be available until expended.
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23
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ABMHISTMTIQI
Water Supply and Water Pollution Control
Amounts^ Available for Obligation
1966 1967
Appropriation. $45,142,000 $55,439,000
Comparative transfer to "Salaries and
Expenses, Office of the General Counsel". -8,000
Comparative transfer to "Buildings and
Facilities, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration" -1,870,000 $**
Transferred to "Operating Expenses, Public
Buildings Service," General Services
Administration (76 Stat. 728)(-)»........ -48,470 /
Transferred to "Salaries and Expenses,
Office of Surgeon General"....... .... -10,000
Unobligated balance available start of year 820,000 ff\ 1,426,000
Unobligated balance transferred to
"Buildings and Facilities, Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration". ... ... -1,426,000
Unobligated balance available end of year., -1,4.26,OOP ...
Total....... ., 42,599,530 55,439,000
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Obligations "by Activity
1966 1967 Increase or
Page Estimate Estimate Decrease
Ref
35
36
37
38
39
59
65
92
95
Pos*
Grants i
Research. » * * • «
Fellowship ....
Training ......
Demonstration .
Control program
Direct
Operations : 2f 187
Comprehensive. 544
Enforcement ... 368
Research,
training, and
technical
services ..... 982
Construction
grants and
facilities
demonstration
services ..... 189
Executive
direction and
management
support ...... 104
Total
obligations 2^187
Amount 'Bos.
$1.6,1*20,000
6,0l4-5,000
710,000
, 2,500,000
2,165,000
5,000,000
26,179,530 2,8314.
7,049,760 801
3,675,000 416
10,957,670 1,155
1,723,000 210
2, 77V, 100 25.2
42, 599, 530 2,83^
Amount Pos .
$18,062,0.00
"--6,470,000
633,000
2,910,000
<"3,0l*9,000
5,000,000
37,377,000 +647
10, 911, 000 / +257
4,53^,000/ +48
V
16,993,000 +173
2, 236,000 +21
2,703,000 +148
55^439,000 +647
Amount
+$1,642,000
-s-425,000
-77,000
+410,000
+884, 000
+11,197,470
+3,861,240
+859,000
+6,035,330
+513,000
-71,100
+12,839^470
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Obligations by Object
25
1966
Estimate
1967
Estimate
Increase or
Decrease
Total number of permanent positions.. 2,187 2,834 +647
Full-time equivalent of all other
positions.................. ...... 93 118 +25
Average number of all employees....*. 1,685 2,564 +879.
11 Personnel compensation:
Permanent positions...,.....'..... $13,356,365 $21,187,000 +$7,830,635
Positions other than permanent... 460,000 587,000 +127,000
Other personnel compensation 125^870 165,OOP +39,130
Total personnel compensation.... 13,942,235 21,939,000 +7,996,765
12 Personnel benefits 1,607,920 1,797,000 +109,080
21 Travel and transportation of
persons.,.,.... .............. 1,504,920 1,990,000 +485,080
22 Transportation of things 346,000 518,000 +172,000
23 Rent, communication, and
utilities ,. 1,021,790 1,863,000 +841,210
24 Printing and reproduction......... 305,000 361,000 +56,000
25 Other services............. . 1,699,925 2,228,000 +528,075
Project contracts 1,000,000 2,100,000 +1,100,000
Services of other agencies... 961,000 1,433,000 " +4?2,000
Payment tos
Bureau of State Services
management fund .. .»,... 1,441,000 ..... -1,441,000
National Institutes of Health
management fund.. 54,000 72,000 +18,000
26 Supplies and materials 1,130,440 1,514,000 +383,560
31 Equipment 1,064,300 1,461,000 +396,700
32 Lands and structures , 100,000 100,000
4l Grants, subsidies, and
contributions '.. 16,420,000 18,062,000 +1,642,000
42 Insurance claims and
indemnities 1,000 1,000
Total obligations,
42,599,530 55,439,000 +12,839,470
-------
Summary of Changes
1966 enacted appropriation.................................... $l»-5, ite, 000
Comparative transfer to;
"Salaries and expenses, Office of General Counsel",
Office of the Secretary. ...*........................-..... -8,000
"Buildings and facilities", Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration,.................................. -1,370,000
Transferred tot
"Salaries and expenses, Office of Surgeon General",
Public Health Service..................................... -10,000
"Operating expenses, Public Buildings Service", General
Services Administration (76 Stat. 728)...» .......... -k&,kJQ
Unobligated balance, start of year. +820,000
Unobligated balance, end of year (proposed to be transferred
to "Buildings and facilities", Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration)........................ -1^-26,000
1966 total estimated obligations k-2., 599,530
1967 estimated obligations , 5 5 ,,11-39,000
Total change ....................... ... +12,839,
Increases
Mandatory:
1. Increased pay costs:
Commissioned officers , $201,000
Civil service 2^7,000
2. Annualization of 593 new positions authorized in
1966 for part of year... ,,.....,..... k,662,800
3- Annualization of 232 positions authorized in 1965 and
left vacant in 1966 for 50$ of the year.., 812,070
U. Full-year cost of rental space to be occupied in 1966. 961OOQ
Subtotal, mandatory increases 6,018,870
Program:
1. Research grants i)-25,000
2. Training grants lHO,000
3. Demonstration grants 88U,000
h. Comprehensive program (281 positions)................. 3>^65,000
5, Enforcement activities (105 positions) 836,000
6. Water pollution control and water quality standards
laboratory activities (123 positions) 5to,000
7- Research contracts—advanced waste treatment....r 1,000,000
8. Instrumentation, laboratory quality control
and data operation control (ih positions)........... 137,000
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27
Summary .of Changes — continued
9. Special technical assistance, studies and
demonstration projects (^5 positions) ....... .,.,.,.. .831* k20
10 . Demonstration of acid mine drainage control
(9 positions) ........... ........... .....,,.....,..,. 358,000
11. Federal installations activity (28 positions) ......... 230,000
12. Training (12 positions) ..... .......... ..... ............ 126,000
13. Service research grants-MIH. ................. ..... ...... 18,000
1^. Construction grants and facilities demonstration
services ( 21 positions) , ...... ..... ................. 139 >
Subtotal, program increases ......................... 9*399*
Gross increases ....................... ............... 15, ^1-18, 290
Decreases
1 . Fellowship grants ..,.....,..,.». .......... , ........... -77, 000
2. Phase outs of comprehensive projects (-2k positions),. -393^700
3- Phase outs of enforcement projects (-57 positions).... -506,000
k. Phase outs of technical assistance projects
( -58 positions) ..... ---- . ................ . ---- . . ---- -568, 920
5. Nonrecurring equipment, headquarters moving costs, etc. -1,033? 200
Subtotal, decreases ...... ..... ............. ......... -2,578,820
Total net change requested .... ............ .... ...... 12, 8 39,^70
Explanation of Changes
Research grants
is requested to provide for the cost of continuing 155
grants awarded in prior years. A total of $6, VfO,OOQ will support
255 grants Including 100 new projects,
Training grants
«j&10,000 is to provide for the added cost of financing 6k continuation
grants awarded in prior years. A total of $2,910,000 will support 71
grants including 7 new projects the same number as 1966.
Demonstration grants
$881)-, 000 is required to finance the cost of kO grants awarded In
prior years. A total of $3,0^9,000 will support 70 projects including
30 new ones which is the same number estimated for 1966.
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28
Comprehensive program
The program increase of 201 positions and JJ>3>^65,000 will provide
for the initiation of comprehensive development phase in four new
major river basins—New England, Lower Mississippi, Upper Mississippi*
and Florida-Puerto Rico; planned expansion of projects initiated in
prior years—Chesapeake Bay-Susquehanna, Ohio, Southeastern, Hudson-
Champlain,, Central Pacific and Missouri. Additional funds are
requested to start implementing the management phase activities in
areas where the development phase has "been completed or about completed.
The 196? estimate for this activity is designed towards having the
development phase of all major river basins of the country completed
by 1972,
Enforcement
The Increase of 105 positions aad $836,000 is to provide for
expanding efforts to identify and evaluate interstate pollution areas,
provide for implementing and carrying out the responsibilities of the
"Water Quality Act of 1965" which provided that water quality standards
will be established and also provides for initiation on a limited basis
several major investigatory projects that are anticipated to arise from
enforcement conferences or actions.
Water ppl^ution control and water^quality standards laboratory activitie s
The $5^0,000 will finance 123 positions proposed for research,
technical assistance and training activities in two water pollution
control laboratories (Boston, Massachusetts and Ann Arbor, Michigan)
and research activities In the two national water quality standards
laboratories (Duluth, Minnesota and Harragansett, Rhode Island), The
proposal includes 30 positions for Boston (15) and Arm Arbor (15)
thereby providing a nucleus staff of 20 each by the end of 1967 to
program activities in anticipation of these facilities being completed
early in 1968. The additional 93 is for furthering the establishment
and conduct of water quality standards research activities to be
conducted at Duluth, Minnesota (73.) for fresh water and Narragansett,
Rhode Island (21) for salt water. This increase will provide for a total
of 100 positions or 75$ of the planned strength for Duluth and 71
positions or 70% for Barragansett's strength.
Researchcontract s-adyanced waste treatment
A total of $1,000,000 is requested for supporting research through
contracts. In addition to the in-house research effort, research contracts
are used to develop specific information, generally in conjunction with
some In-house program. The principal use in this area has been In connection
with advanced waste treatment research. Research in_this area is considered
to be of the highest priority in terms of total national needs for water
-------
research. In 1967 contracts are proposed in such areas as nutrient
removal, regeneration of powered carbon, reverse osmosis, and others.,
Major efforts will be directed towards projects relating to waste water
purification and reuse, These funds are anticipated to support 20
such contracts.
Instrumentation, laboratory qualityJgofltrpl and data^ operation contro_l
$1375000 and ik positions is requested to accelerate equipment
development; to meet post-enforcement and water quality management
activities; establish a national lab-oratory quality control program to
assure accuracy and comparability of analytical results coming out of
all the Administration's laboratories and provide for expanding data
storage and retrieval system which provides consultation regarding
methodology and technical guidance to major field activities and the
monitoring systems employed in water quality management.
Special ^cp^c&^ ^SB^^^^ast^^s^^^ ^e^^s^&tio^^o^^ct^
A total of 14-5 positions and $831,^20 is requested to (l) further
the objectives in recreation and water quality studies, particularly in
the Pearl Eiver (Mississippi) area and in several arid and semi-arid
southwest areas to attain wider engineering, economic and social
acceptance of water reclamation for recreational purposes; (2) provide
expansion for the Klamath Basin study with special attention given to
effects of pesticides and other contaminants from agricultural land
drainage and study solutions to the algal nuisance problem; (3) initiate
a study of Tampa Bay to determine the effect of water quality if hurricane
barriers are erected; (k) initiate a project In the San Joaquin Valley
to demonstrate techniques for the reclamation of irrigation waters.
Demons traction of acid mine drainage control
The proposed increase of 9 positions and $358,000 will provide for
planning four additional demonstration sites to "be located in Ohio,
Tennessee, West Virginia and Indiana, thus providing a total of 10 sites
which will be in some stage of development for demonstrating acid mine
drainage control measures. Also Included in this request are funds to
initiate a national inventory of acid pollution to identify all sources.
Extent of problem must be fully known before any comprehensive national
acid pollution control program can be instituted. The total program is a
.joint HEW-Inter tor effort.
FederaJ- •installation activity
An increase of 12 positions and -$230,000 is requested to meet the
increased workload anticipated in carrying out the responsibility of
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30
providing technical assistance and advice to all Federal agencies
concerning prevention, control, and abatement of pollution from Federal
installations as provided by an Executive Order. The Order is
specifically directed toward cleaning up pollution from Federal installa-
tions.
Iraindng
The increase of 12 positions and $126 000 is proposed to add one
person at headquarters for strengthening the national coordination
activity in the technical training area and 11 positions to further provide
advanced training at the graduate level with emphasis to be given on
.encouraging the development of skills in highly specialized areas of science
and engineering in short supply*
S eryic e re search_ grant s_ *-fNIR
An additional $18,000 is requested to reimburse National Institutes
of Health for servicing research grants in 1967.
Construction grants and facilities demonstration services
This additional $139jOOO and 21 positions is to meet the increased
workload in 19&7 generated by the additional $30 million provided in
1966 for grants to construct waste treatment plants as provided by the
Water Quality Act of 1965 and to service the increased workload
anticipated from the additional grant funds for waste treatment works
construction being requested in 1967.
Annualization of 23 po,sj.tipns aut horjiged ^in^ Ij^gleft jy-acant in ,19.66
for ''' ----
The "Water Quality Act of 1965" provided for the establishment of
a Federal Water Pollution Control Administration and included provision
for the conversion of Public Health Service Commissioned Officers to
•Civil Service, To obviate subsequent employment conversions, recruitment
of Commissioned Officers was discontinued, Tacant Commissioned Officer
billets were reprogrammed to equivalent general schedule (classified)
positions , This change increased costs of personnel compensation and
benefits by about $1^7 ,000.,
The establishment and staffing of seven regional field laboratories
and two national water quality standards laboratories created a need
for considerable number of upper level grade scientific and engineering
skills essential to the conduct of our accelerated research effort.
Fifty percent of the total staff of the water pollution laboratories and
all of the water quality standards laboratories are directly related to
the research effort. In other areas such as enforcement, technical
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31
assistance and comprehensive programs which were also expanding.,
particularly in terms of the number of field projects, the requirements
for top level competencies became apparent. The 1966 estimate generally
recognizes these needs at an increased cost of about $6373QOO.
The total cost of these proposals was $784,000. Since the program
entered the fiscal year with 232 vacancies and recruitment 'was lagging,
savings from these positions are being used to meet this need* However,
in 1967 it is proposed that these funds be made available to permit fuller
employment. The 1967 estimate -provides for a 1.2% lapse on all positions
authorized in 1966 and prior years. Provision of the $812,070 will prevent
an excessively high rate of 11.3$ lapse which would certainly" have an
impact on the program.
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32
Explanation of Transfers
1966
Estimate
196T
Estimate
Transfers to:
"Operating expenses, Public
Buildings Services," •
General Services
Administration
"Salaries and expenses,
Office of Surgeon
General," Public Health
Service
10,000
"Buildings and facilities/'
Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration
... $1,426,000
Comparative transfers to;
"Salaries and expenses,
Office of General Counsel" 8,000
"Buildings and facilities,"
Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration 1,870,000
Purpose
Transfer funds for leased
space-.
Transfer to provide for
consolidation of activities
under Office of Surgeon General
previously financed "by other
parts of Service. Activities
includes internal audit, civil
rights investigations, and
publication of PHS World.
To transfer unobligated balance
to "Buildings and facilities,"
Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, construction
costs for acid mine drainage
activities. (Appropriation act
proposed.)
To transfer to Office of
General Counsel, Office of ttie
Secretary, one position and
funds included in 1966 supple-
mental for legal services.
Transfer to "Buildings and
facilities," Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration
construction costs for acid mine
drainage activities.
-------
Sifinificant_ items in House and Senate
Appropriations Committee Reports
Item
.966 House Report
.. The Committee added $1,000,000 for
demonstration grants. It emphasixed
its concern regarding the funding
level of this activity since the
1966 budget proposal did not provide
any funds for new grants. The
Committee stated it has had
called to its attention many pro-
jects -which appeared worth while,
particularly those aimed at
making waste water safe for reuse
and projects aimed at overcoming
the serious problem existing in
many larger cities whose single
systems serves both as a sanitary
sewer and storm sewer. Therefore,
it added these funds so that projects
such as these could be funded.
>. An additional $300,000 was
authorized for staffing Ada, Corvallis
and Athens, Georgia laboratories at
about 75$ of the proposed strength
of these facilities. The Committee
felt that there would be an undesir-
able delay in getting these laboratories
into full operation.
Action taken or to be taken
1. Action has been taken to give
priority to demonstration grant
projects being proposed to
those which primarily fall in
the area mentioned by the
Committee. In the first half
of 1966 demonstration grants
awards included 18 grants for
waste water reuse -projects and
5 grants for control of pollu-
tion from combined sewer systems.
Eight of these are new and
financed by the additional
$1,000,000 provided by Congress.
2. Appropriate action was taken
to carry out Congressional
intent. However, recently
due to the need for reprogram-
ing resources to carry out
an accelerated Federal Pollution
control program for all
installations as provided for
by a Presidential Executive
Order, it has been necessary
to reduce 1966 staffing plans
of these facilities to about
66-2/3% of the proposed staffing
strength. This action still
provides 12$ more staff than
had been requested in the
Presidents budget for 1966.
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Water Supply and Water Pollution Control
1962
1963
19614-
1965
1966
1967
Budget
Estimate
to Congress
$20,628,000/
23,607,000 '
30, no, ooo y
37,027,000 /
lkL,229,000
55,^39,000
House
Allowance
$20,028,000
2*1-, 607, ooo
28,010,000
3^,356,000
ij4,5iij-,ooo
Senate
Allowance
$20,628,000
25,lj-07,000
30,069,000
35.^71,000
14-5,1^2,000
Appropriation
$20,328,000
2U, 707, 000 ^
29,069,000 '
35,126,000 ^
*s-
ij-5,lij-2,000
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Water Supply and Water Pollution Control
1962
1963
196k
1965
1966
1967
Estimate
to Bureau
of Budget
$25,14-22,000
30,176,000
32,870,000
1*0,677,000
14-6,14-66,000
60,720,000
Budget
Estimate
to. Congress
$20,628,000
23,607,000
30,110,000
37,027,000
ia, 229, ooo
55,^39,000
House
Allowance
$20,028,000
21*-, 607, 000
28,010,000
3^, 35 6, 000
1^,51^,000
Senate
Allowance
$20,628,000
25,^07,000
30,069,000
35,^71,000
14-5,114-2,000
Apprppriatlon
$20,328,000
2^,707,000
29, 069, 000
35,126,000
14-5,142,000
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35
A. Research
1966 1-967 Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Ho. Amount ]jp. Amount Bto. Amount
Noneompeting
continuations 157 $3,Ul6,000 155 $3,8Ul,000 -2 +$14-25 ,000
lew grants 112 2,529,000 100 2,529,000 -12 ......
Supplementals (13) 100,000 (13) 100,000 ... .....
Total research grants 269 6,0^5,000 255 6,VTO,000 -Ik +1*25,000
The research grant program is an effective mechanism for stimulating
needed research to help solve diversified and complex water pollution control
problems. It is an extramural program involving investigations primarily in
colleges and universities since these institutions are the principal source
of research manpower and possess the facilities requisite for research..
Recipients can also be from any public or nonprofit agency or institution.
A basic objective of this program is to.develop a nationwide competence in
research relating to pollution among the many scientific fields involved,
and to support scientists conducting research on neglected aspects of the
problem.
In 1965, grants were awarded to 100 institutions and agencies in h2
States, the District of Columbia, and 14- foreign countries. A total of 876
professional staff and graduate students were engaged in the 214-2 research
projects supported by these grants. The wide variety of personnel Involved
includes 7 fields in engineering, 19 disciplines in physical sciences, 2k
in biological sciences, and k in social sciences.
Examples of new investigations include: Standford University—pesticide
distribution and degradation in waterways; University of Rhode Island—the
effects of pollution on benthic marine plant communities; University of
Texas—effect of toxic organics- on waste stabilization; University of
Washington—estuarine ecology as related to water pollution.
The budget for 1966 and 1967 reflects the application of the newly
authorized cost sharing arrangements to competing research grant projects
(new and renewal). This cost sharing plan considers the full Indirect cost
of the research project in arriving at the Federal and non-Federal share.
for eoninuatlon of previously approved projects the earlier limitation of
20 percent or less for indirect cost is applied with an assurance of some
sponsor cost participation.
In 1967," $6,14-70,00 is requested to support continuation costs of 155
active grants and 100 new water pollution control research projects.
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36
B. Fellowships
1966 196T Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Ho. Amount No. Amount Ho. Amount
Continuations 75 $466^000 63- $389,000 -12 -$77,000
New awards 39 2^000 39 ' 2W-,000 ....
Total Hit- 710,000 102 633,000 -12 -77,000
The purpose of the research fellowship program Is to assist in meeting
the need for highly trained scientists and engineers qualified to conduct
Independent research in the broad field of water pollution control, Research
fellowship awards support the specialized training of a professional manpower
resource to complement the research grant and training grant programs in
this field. Research fellowships are awarded to individual scientists and
engineers for graduate and postgraduate research training at educational
institutions of their choice.
In 1965 research fellowships were awarded to 101 individuals at 51
institutions in 28 states and k foreign countries. The need for specialized
training is demonstrated by the growing number of applications for fellow-
ship awards. The quality of applications has been highj with 78 percent of
all applications being recommended for support.
During 1965? graduate degrees were received by 29 individuals supported
by this program. These individuals were immediately employed in the follow-
ing areas? sixteen in research and teaching positions, six in government
agencies, five in industry and consulting, and two in continuing education.
Examples of new research fellowship studies arei Colorado State
University-~water resources management; State University of Iowa~-virus
movement through porous media; Ohio State University-—law in the field of
water quality and water resources; Oklahoma State University'—primary
productivity of a stream receiving oil refinery effluents; and Yirginia
Polytechnic Institute—coagulation of "waste streams with solvents.
The request of'$633,000 for 1967 will support 102 fellowship awards, of
which 39 will be new and 63 continuations.
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37
1967 Increase or
.Estimate Estimate Decrease
Amount Ho, Amount Ho. Amount
Continuations 57 $2,129,000 64 $2,539,000 +7 +$4lO,000
lew grants 7 271,000 7 271,000 ...
Supplemental (6) 100,000 ( 6) 100,000 . . ,
Total training gr.ants 6k 2,500,000 71 2,910,000 +7 +410,000
The purpose of the training grant program is to .develop the potential
of educational institutions for specialized training of engineers and
scientists in areas of water pollution control. Training grants are
awarded to colleges and universities for establishing or expanding graduate
level training programs. These grants normally provide for development of
a five-year program including support of facilities and stipends for students.
In 1965, training grants were awarded to 42 educational institutions
in 32 states« Examples of new training programs supported in 1965 are:
water pollution control specialist training at the University of Arkansasj
water quality and quantity engineering at the University of Massachusetts;
research training in the aquatic environment at the University of Cincinnati!
water resources and sanitary .engineering at South Dakota State University,
"During 1965^ students receiving graduate degrees under this program
were employed in the following important areas: seven in research and
teaching positions, twenty-four in government agencies, eleven in industry
and consulting, and eight in continuing education,
Training grants were also awarded to support a program of summer
institutes for graduate level training. This program has "been an effective
means of communicating new research information, techniques, methodology,
design parameters etc. to the many levels of professionals engaged in the
water pollution control activity. In 1965, two summer institute grants
were awarded - one at Manhattan College, Hew York and the other at Clemson
University, South Carolina.
The table below indicates the number of professionals receiving full
or part-time support and total number of graduate students supported or
anticipated to be supported in training grant programs for 1965, 1966, and
1967.
1965 , 1966 1967
Actual Estimate Estimate
Professional Staff
(full or part-time support) 84 108 119
Graduate Students 291 335 375
In 1967, $2,910*000 is requested to support 64 continuations, 7 new
training grant projects., and provide for 6 .supplemental awards.
-------
D= Demonstration grants
1966 1967 Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Ho, Amount No^ Amount Ho, ' Amount
Continuations 21 $751,000 k-0 $1,635*000 +19 +$88^,000
Hew grants 30 1,350,000 30 1,350,000 ...
Supplementals (8) ft,000 (5) ft, OOP (-3) ____j:_1_L
Total demonstration grants 51 2,165,000 70 3,0^9,000 +19 -t-881!-, 000
Demonstration grants axe awarded to support projects of an applied
nature. These grants are designed to demonstrate the feasibility of new
methods and to expedite incorporation of new knowledge into routine water
supply and pollution control practice. Demonstration projects support a
wide variety of studies, ranging from new methods to enable the reuse of
waste water to methods of developing more effective participation in
pollution control by local governmental officials,
Demonstration grants are available to eligible recipients from public
and private nonprofit institutions and agencies. Because this program
involves pilot scale or field trial investigations, many of these grants are
awarded to State and local official agencies. Thus, these grants make it
possible to utilize manpower, skills, and facilities not ordinarily avail-
able to demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness of new technology.
.Grantees under the program normally provide matching funds.
In 1965^ demonstration grants were awarded to 28 institutions and
agencies in 20 states. Examples of new demonstration projects supported
include: Tucson, Arizona - A waste water reclamation project; South Tahoe,
California - Plant scale treatment for renovation of sewage effluent;
Tulane University, Louisiana - Pilot scale project to improve sanitary
sewer construction; Nassau County, Hew York - Waste water reclamation by
underground recharge; and Oregon State University - Evaluation of new
treatment methods to renovate waste water.
The requested $3S0^9,000 for 1967 will support a total of ^0
continuing grants projects and 30;new demonstration studies.
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33
E. Grants for state and interstate water pollutioncontrol programs
1966 1967 Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
State $4, TOO, 000 $4,700,000 ....
Interstate agencies 300,000 300,000 ....
Total 5,000,000 5,000,000 ..».
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act provides for active partici-
pation by state and interstate agencies in water pollution control programs.
These grants to state and interstate agencies enable them to initiate or
expand their activities in conducting field studies of actual and potential
water pollution problems] to establish monitoring systems to provide current
information on the quality of existing waters; to train technicians and
administrators as specialists in water resources planning and water pollution
control] to work with communities and industries to effect abatement of
pollution; and to assist municipalities in developing plans for the
installation of waste treatment facilities.
Continued financial assistance is important to states and interstate
agencies in maintaining and improving their expanded "programs. The state
and interstate agencies are expected to spend over $20 million of their
own funds in 1967 as compared to about $12 million in 1962.
This request is for $5,000,000, the full amount authorized by the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. It includes $4,700,000
for states and $300,000 for interstate agencies. The tables snowing
allocations by states and interstate agencies follow;
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Allocations of Grant-in-Aid Funds for Water Pollution Control
S^£^^£m|on_^_
Alabafoa
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
.New Jersey
Hew Mexico
Hew York
North Carolina
North Dakota
1965
Allocations
$96,200
15,400
39,700
60,900
285,600
45,700
81,400
45 ,000
47,200
125,900
108,900
38,300
26,800
200,000
111,700
69,300
54,200
87,100
93,300
36,500
86,100
130,300
178,400
8l,000
79,900
94,200
24,900
39,600
16,700
34,300
145,300
31,900
310,100
129,200
24,800
1966
Allocations
$96,100
15,500
39,800
61,000
289,900
45,300
82,200^
45,300
47,400
125,900
109,700
38,100
26,4oo
201,500
112,000
67,900
53,600
86,500
93,700
36,400-^
87,000
130,700
177,100
80,400
78,300
93,6oo
24,700
39,4oo
17,000
34,600
147,700
31,400
311,300
128,300
24, 800
1967
Allocations
95,900
15,400
39,900
6i,4oo
294,200
45,100
83,000
45,400
47,200
125,300
109,500
38,100
26,100
203,700
112,500
67,000
53,600
86,600
93,8oo
36,200
87,900
130,800
174,000
80,800
77,400
94,400
24,400
39,500
17,4oo
35,000
149,100
31,300
311,300
127,700
24,300
-------
Allocations of Grant-in-Aid Funds for Water Pollution Control—continued
wTj£t Tj\3 OX* -i.63?3T'IL"wOXl"V"
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Bhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Yermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Guam
Puerto Kico
Yirgin Islands
Total
1965^^^^
Allocations
214,900
64,300
45,900
238,300
58,000
81,300
26,500
103,600
204,200
31,500
25,800
104,100
66,300
57,200
101,900
17,900
40,700
101,900
_2SU2S2
$4,700,000
1966
Allocations
213,700
63,700
45 ,600
237,700
58,300
81,700
26,300
103,900
204,200
31,400
26,000
104,200
65,100
57,000
101,300
17,700
40,800
100,900
_J4^a_000
$4,700,000
1967
Allocations
212,700
63,400
45,800
236,200
58,4.00
80,500
26,100
104,100
205 ,200
31,200
25,700
103,000
64,200
57,100
101,300
.17,600
40,900
101,200
Jj£i,2QO
$4,700,000
BasjLs for allocation:
1. $12,000 basie grant
2. ' Remainder: /2/3 population weighted by per capita "incom?
y J 1/6 population density
/ | 1/6 no. of "wet" industries
-------
Estimated Allocations toInterstate Agencies
Interstate Agency
1965 1966 196?
Allocations Allocations. Allocations
New England Interstate Water
Pollution Control Commission. ....... $^0,500 $ltO,60Q $UO,600
Ohio River Yalley Water
Sanitation Commission....;. 92,100 92,000 92,100
Delaware River Basin Commission. Uo,000 i)-0,000 ^0,000
Interstate Sanitation Commission 65,100 65,200 65,200
Klamath Kiver Compact Commission..... .7,500 7,500 7,500
Interstate Commission on the
Potomac River Basin......... ....... 22,,300 22,300 22,200
Bi-State Development Agency 16,900 17,000 17,100
Tennessee River Basin Water
Pollution Control..: . .... 1^,600 15,^00 15,30,0
Total 300,000 300,000 300,000
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Comprehensive Program
Personnel compensation
Other expenses ........
Total
1« Basic program. .....
2. Development phase:
Chesapeake Bay-
SusGuehanna .......
Great Lakes -
Delaware Estuary. , .
Ohio ...............
Southeastern. ......
• Hudson-Champlain. . .
Central Pacific
Lower Mississippi . .
Upper Mississippi. .
New England.
Florida-Puerto Blco
Subtotal, development .
3. Management phase:
Delaware Estuary. . .
Columbia
Great Lakes -
Southeastern. ......
Subtotal, management. .
Total, comprehensive
program.
1966
Estimate
Pos . Amount
5ll-l4. $^,165,000
2,88^760
5^ 7,0*4-9,760
Summary by Prof
fk 850,100
51 790,600
39 1442,800
1214- 1,666,200
114- 180,700
89 1,014-9,660
50 675,900
67 812,300
114- 235,100
Ik 237,500
14-62 6,090,760
8 108,900
8 108,900
514-14- 7,014-^,760
1967
Estimate
Pos .'
801
» * »
801
gram
T5
72
37
105
11
110
57
120
36
35
56
lU-
1^!-
19
686
9
2
2
25
2
801
Amount
$6,503,000
l4-,to8,000
10,911,000
873,000
1,026,000
14-35,000
1,320,000
114-1,000
1,3214-, ooo
931,000
1, ¥4-6, 000
14.91,000
714-1,000
5to,ooo
270,000
270,000
356,000
9,291,000
137,000
14-5,000
90,000
385,000
90,000
714-7,000
10,911,000
Increase or
Decrease
Pos.
+257
a * *
+257
+1
+21
-2
-19
-3
+21
+7
+53
+22
+21
+56
4*1 Ij.
4~ll|,
+19
+2214.
+1
+2
+2
+25
+2
+32
+257
Amount
+$2,338,000
+l,523,2to
+3,861, 2to
+22,900
+235, too
-7,800
-3U6,200
-39,700
+255,100
+633,700
+255,900
+503,500
+5l«D,000
+270,000
+270,000
+356,000
+3,200,2to
+28,100
+1^5,000
+90,000
+385,000
+90,000
+638,100
+3,86l,2to
-------
4/4
Comprehensive program
Hie comprehensive water pollution control program is directed toward
the development of long-range regional pollution control programs designed
to provide a regulated supply of clean water, available for all legitimate
uses, to the present and future population of a given geographic area. For
the purpose of comprehensive program development, the Nation has "been divided
into 20 river basins (see map on page ^6). Hie long-range objective is to
develop a comprehensive program for each of these basins by the end of 1972,
in accordance with the schedule shown on page 14.7• Through 1966, compre-
hensive program development will have been .underway in 10 of the 20 river
basins,
Dae schedule for initiating comprehensive programs in the various basins
is based upon the following criteria: (l) the need to resolve critical water
problems In areas where pollution has curtailed water uses; (2) the need to
time the comprehensive water pollution control program with water resources
planning and construction by other Federal agenciesj and (3) the degree of
readiness by State, interstate, and local entities to cooperate in compre-
hensive program development.
Comprehensive pollution control programs have been coordinated with
the water resource planning of the three other major executive departments
involved—Army, Agriculture, and Interior--through the mechanism of the
ad hoc Water Resources Council. The 19^7 request reflects the coordinated
budget schedules developed by the Council. Becent establishment of a
permanent Water Resources Council under the Water Resources Planning Act
will assure that such coordinated scheduling is continued and strengthened.
Dae schedule for each comprehensive program provides for two phases
of operation—the development or intensive investigation phase and the
management or program implementation phase. Of the ten programs underway
through 1966, the intensive phase has been completed for one--the Arkansas-
Red- -which is now in the management phase.
In addition to the overall scheduling for initiation of comprehensive
programs in various basins, each individual program is developed, to the
extent possible, in accordance with a schedule of operation developed at the
initiation of the project and revised annually as necessary to reflect
unforeseen changes. This schedule is based upon "critical path" analysis,
and is designed to 'balance optimum efficiency in utilization of staff and
facilities with the need to carry out various components of the overall
study in a given time sequence.
Hie budget request for 19^7 reflects two major considerations:
(l) the need to continue ongoing projects in accordance with Individual
study schedulesj (2) the need to initiate new projects in accordance with
the overall long-range objective, and in accordance with the priorities
described above.
-------
The program estimate for 196? reflects the following: (l) modest
expansion of "basic program activities", (2) major development phase
expansion of three existing projects—Hudson-Champlain, Central Pacific
and Missouri, (3) modest development phase expansion of three projects—
Chesapeake-Susquehanna, Ohio and Southeastern, (U) tapering-off of the
development phase for three projects—Columbia, Great Lakes-Illinois
and Delaware, (5) initiation of management- phase activities of four
projects—Delaware, Columbia, Great Lakes-Illinois and Southeastern,
and (6) initiation of four new projects—Lower Mississippi, Upper
Mississippi, Hew England and Florida-Puerto Rico.
The proposed program increase of 28l positions and $3 > ^-65,000 is
distributed as follows.:
Pos» Amount
1. Basic program
.Program direction 1 $8,000
2, Development phase
Chesapeake Bay-Susquehanna River 21 17^,000
Ohio 21 190,000
Southeastern 7 116,000
Hudson-Champlain 53 290,000
• Central Pacific 22 2'20,000
Missouri 21 U00,000
Lower Mississippi 56 5^-0,000
Upper Mississippi lU 270,000
New England Ik 270,000
Florida-Puerto Rico 19 3g6aOOO
Subtotal 2l+8 2,826,000
3. Management^phase
Arkansas-Red 1 21,000
Delaware Estuary ; 2 lt-5,000
Columbia River' 2 90,00,0
Great Lakes-Illinois 25 385,000
Southeastern 2_ gi3,000
Subtotal 32 631,000
TOTAL ' 281 3,1|65,000
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DEVELOPMENT PHASE
FISCAL YEAH 1967
HU0SON-CHAMPLAIN
in Progress - !
Completed -1
*Enforcetnent
JANUARY, 1966
-------
if?
PROJECT AREA
FISCAL YEAR
SO 31 82 63 34 SS SS 67 SO SS TO 71 72
ARKANSAS- RED
CHESAPEAKE BAY - SUSOUEHAMMA
COLUMBIA
GREAT LAKES- ILLINOIS
DELAWARE
OHIO
SOUTHEASTERN
HUDSON -CHAMPL&iM
CENTRAL PACIFIC
MISSOURI
LOWER MISSISSIPPI
UPPER MISSISSIPPI
MEW ENGLAND
FLORIDA a PUERTO RICO
WESTERN GULF
MIDDLE ATLANTIC
ALASKA
GREAT BASIN
HAWAII
NOTE: COLORADO RIVER BASIN STUDIED UNDER AN ENFORCEMENT ACTION
-------
1. Basic program f^O
Basic program includes: (l) general direction, technical support and
guidance to comprehensive projects; (2) conduct of preliminary planning
in basins where comprehensive projects are not yet underway; and (3)
execution of responsibilities under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
in basins where comprehensive projects are not yet underway. The Act
provides for studies on streamflow regulation requirements for water quality
control in connection with Federal reservoir projects.
Included in the "basic program work load anticipated for 1967 is the
continuation of services initiated in 1966 for the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers in connection with their responsibility for developing a water
resources report under the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965«
These services are being provided in part through the basic program and
in part through those comprehensive projects having part of the Appalachian
region in their area of study.
2. Development phase
A. Existing projects
(l ) Chesapeake Bay-Susquehanna River Basins
In 1965? this project continued water pollution investigations within
the several subbasins in its area of coverage, in accordance with the overall
project schedule. In addition, it participated heavily in the work of the
Interdepartmental Task Force established to develop a plan to make the
Potomac basin a conservation model in accordance with the President's
Message on Natural Beauty, This included completion of a working model
of the Potomac estuary for prediction of pollutant and dissolved oxygen
distributions, completion of a waste inventory of the Potomac basin in
Maryland, and development of background information on water quality in
the estuary.
During 1966 the project will complete economic and .demographic
projections for the Chesapeake area; complete intensive field investigations
in the Susquehanna River basin and in the Potomac River estuary; complete
preliminary reports on major subbasins of the Susquehanna River basin;
project present and short-term water supply and pollution control require-
ments in the major subbasins of the" Chesapeake area; and continue the
development of mathematical models for the Potomac, James, York and
Rappahannock Rivers. Concurrently, there will be continued emphasis on
working with the Interdepartmental Task Force on the Potomac to determine
what corrective actions will be required to clean up the Potomac and keep
it clean. In addition^ coordinated water resources planning for the
Appalachian Region will be rescheduled and accelerated to meet the require-
ments of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers in carrying out its responsibility
under the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965•
-------
The 1967 program calls for preliminary reports on the Susqueharma
River Basin; completion of intensive field investigations and preliminary
reports for the major su¥basins of the Chesapeake area; continued appli-
cation of mathematical models to estuaries and upstream segments of
tributary streams in the Chesapeake area; initial planning of the manage-
ment phase in the Susquehanna Basin; and the continuation of accelerated
efforts related to the Appalachian Regional Development .Program. By the
end of 1967j investigations required for the development phase of the
Chesapeake Bay-Susquehanna liver Basins Project will be 75 percent complete.
(2) Columbia River Basin
The study area of this project is divided into 14 major subbasins.
In 1966 efforts are being directed toward the completion of reports on
five of these major .subbasins: -Snake River, Oregon Coast, Upper Columbia,
Lower Columbia and Western Washington. Most subbasin field work and
economic studies for comprehensive programs, except for special studies,
will be completed by the end of 1966. Special studies will be initiated
on typical reservoirs to form the basis for predicting influences of
proposed reservoirs on dissolved oxygen and temperature.
A recent occurrence in the study area of this project demonstrated
what could be accomplished in pollution control within the concepts of
comprehensive program development. The fall salmon run, very important
to commercial and sports fishermen, was seriously threatened in August
1965 by low dissolved oxygen in the Willamette River as a result of
abnormally low runoff conditions in the basin. By combining the few
existing water quality monitors and a mathematical model of stream quality
responses to flow and pollution loads, the Columbia River Basin Project
foresaw the critical quality conditions. Interested agencies were informed
of the situation and of the alternate courses of action. Consensus was
reached on an optimum combination of actions and on each agency's partici-
pation. Monitoring equipment and a computer were put to work together
with short-range forecasts of streamflow and quality to seek day-by-day
reservoir releases actually needed to maintain minimum quality to protect
the fisheries over this critical period. The tight control of releases
from power storage accommodated the salmon run and at the same time
minimized the reduction in power reyenues that would have otherwise accured*
The second session of the Conference on the Lower Columbia River,
called in September under the enforcement provisions of the Water Pollution
Control Act, accelerated implementation of pollution abatement measures
in this area.
The 1967 program will require a shift in emphasis toward more HEW
cooperation and participation in coordinated comprehensive river basin
planningj as scheduled by the Water Resources Council. Included in this
participation are studies to determine municipal and industrial water
-------
p-p,
O'J
•supply needs and studies to determine the extent reservoir storage for
flow regulation will "be needed to supplement treatment to attain water
quality objectives. The Columbia River Project is involved in three
such studies! the "Willamette River Basin, Puget -Sound Basin, and the
Columbia-Worth Pacific Region.
(3) Gr<3at ..... La^s^jJ.lnoi^_IliYCT^ Basin
By the end of 1965 the program had progressed through completion of
the development phase for the Illinois Biver Basin and Lake Michigan,
including an intensive effort that provided the Department of Justice
with factual data for use in the Supreme Court litigation concerning the
diversion of lake waters at Chicago. Moreover, the development of a
comprehensive program for the Lake Erie Basin was well on the road and
initiation of the development phase "load "begun in Lake Huron and Lake
Ontario. Project headquarters at Chicago., Illinois and field stations
at Cleveland, Ohio; Rochester, New York and Grosse He, Michigan were
in full operation.
The 1966 program provides for completion of the development phase in
the Lake Erie Basin and continuation of this phase in the Lake Ontario and
Lake Huron "basins. The 196? program provides for initiation of work in
the Lake Superior basin and completion of the development phase for the
basins of Lake Ontario and Lake Huron. Effective in 196? the management
phase will begin in basins where the development phase has been completed,
In certain enforcement conference areas, the project will be required
in 1966 and 1967 , as in the past, to review abatement .schedules, propose
municipal and industrial waste treatment, and to .furnish assistance in
support of enforcement undertakings. The project also has been directed
to assist the Corps of Engineers in the problems of disposal of dredgings
and other waste materials from navigation projects in the Great Lakes.
Enforcement actions such as those in the Calumet area (March 1965);
Lake Erie (August 1965)4 and the Detroit River and Michigan waters of
Lake Erie (June 1965) support comprehensive programs by focusing the
attention of the public as well as responsible state and local water
pollution control administrators on the major problems. The agreements
and scheduled actibns resulting from such conferences become important
mile posts in the development of the program. Water quality deterioration
caused by eutrophication, combined sewer discharges, channel dredging for
navigational purposes, land run-off, diversion of water from 'the Lakes
and wastes arid flood waters away from the Lakes (all highlighted by
recent enforcement conferences) are some of the difficult problems that
the GLIEB Project must deal with in a timely manner,
-------
51
(k)
This project has been outstanding in its application of systems
analysis techniques to water quality management in a complex river basin,
Major emphasis has been shifted from field investigations to computer
analysis and cost of various water pollution control programs. The
project has used its high speed mathematical model to provide accurate
forecast information on the salt front moving toward Philadelphia and
Camden as a result of '.the drought induced low flow conditions of the
Delaware River,
During 1966, all field work will "be completed and activities will
begin on the formal compilation of the project's comprehensive program
for water pollution control. The project will continue to provide forecast
information required to combat the problems created by the drought in
the northeastern states,
In 1967? the project will complete its report on a comprehensive
program for the estuary, and terminate its development phase activities,
(5) Ohio River Basin
During 1965 5 the project's Wheeling Field Station concentrated on
sampling activities in two major subareas of the Upper Ohio Basin*~**the
Kanawha River Basin and the waters of the Allegheny > Monongahela and
Upper Ohio Rivers in the industrial complex surrounding Pittsburgh.
Concurrently, reports were prepared outlining the acid mine drainage
conditions of the Ohio River Basin. The Evansville Field Station,
headquarters for the lower portion of the Ohio Basin, completed a number
of studies for the U. S, Army Corps of Engineers in 1965 and completed
preliminary field activities in the -oil fields of Indiana and Illinois
to determine the extent of brine water pollution,
The program for 1966 reflects an expansion for the Ohio Project.
By the end of the year comprehensive planning activities will be well
under way for most subbasins , and interim reports will be completed for
several subbasins. Concurrently , the project's activities in Appalachia
will be reoriented and accelerated to meet the requirements of the UaS»
Army Corps of Engineers for water .resource studies under the Appalachian
Regional Development Act of 1965.
A portion of the requested increase in operating funds in 1967 will
be utilized for the continuation of the project fs efforts in Appalachia,
The Ohio Project will be responsible for most of the pollution control
studies in Appalachia, since 66 percent of the counties in that region
are in the Ohio River Basin. Aside from "the requested increase to support
the project's rescheduling of its Appalachia activities, the 1967 program
expansion is based on meeting the schedule for completion of the project's
development phase in 1970.
-------
(6) Southeastern
Daring 1965 the project completed field investigations for the Big Black
River Basin and initiated surveys in the Appalachicola-Chattahoochee and
Qchlochnee Basin, In 1966 the surveys on the Appalachicola-Chattachoochee and
Ochlochnee Basin will be finished. Studies will be initiated for the Nassau^
Saint Marys, and the Upper Coosa Basins* Economic base and agricultural studies
will be conducted on the Mobile-Alabama-Coosa Basin and agricultural studies on
the Mobile-Tombigbee Warrior Basin. In addition, project activities in the
Appalachian region will be accelerated as part of the effort to assist the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers in carrying out its responsibility under the Appalachian
Regional Development Act of 1965.
The program of 1967 calls for completion of the studies on the Upper Coosa
Basin and the initiation of field surveys for the Mobile-Alabama, Warrior-
Tombigbee, Upper Flint, Oconee and Ocmulgee Basins. Special studies will also
be initiated for the Yellow and Blackwater River Basins. The economic base and
agricultural studies on the Mobile-Alabama-Coosa and the Mobile-Tombigbee and
Warrior Basins will be completed. The accelerated Appalachian regional activi-
ties will be maintained.
(?) Hudson-Champlain andMetropolitan Coastal
This project was initiated in 1965. Initial project activities were aimed
at recruitment to fill key positions, obtaining and occupying suitable quarters,
establishing contact with State, interstate and local agencies that will cooperate
in the study, collection and evaluation of existing data, and contractual arrange-
ments for the development of an information retrieval and management control
system.
In addition, special attention was given to combating specific water pollu-
tion problems that have been aggravated by the severe drought in the northeastern
statese Plans were developed for assistance to the State of Hew York for a
cross-sectional analysis of the Hudson Kiver in the vicinity of Chelsea in
connection with the proposed use of the Hudson River as a supplemental water
supply by New York City, Data were provided to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
on the use and placement of low water sills in the Rarltan Biver to prevent salt
water intrusion from the bay and estuary*
In 19663 the project is being expanded. Evaluation of existing data will be
completed; selective field study programs will be initiated throughout the area
with particular emphasis on metropolitan waters; laboratory facilities will be
developed to support the new field activities-; map coding for the river mile
indexing system will be completed; economic studies will be initiated; and in-
vestigation of the ground water problem on Long Island will be started. In
addition, continued special attention to combating northeast drought problems
will be maintained.
The requested increase for 1967 will provide for full scale subbasin field
and laboratory studies. Water use studies, industrial waste surveys and upland
freshwater area studies will be initiated. Work will continue in the tidal
portions of the basin and ground water investigations on Long Island. Economic
and demographic studies will be expanded.
-------
(8) Central Pacific
This project was initiated in 1966. Among the unusual problems con-
fronting the Central Pacific River Basins is that of having the major water
use in California occurring in the southern part of the State and the San
Joaquin Valley., while the northern third of the State receives two thirds
of the total runoff. As a result, the U. S« Bureau of Reclamation, the
Us S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the State of California are engaged in
planning and constructing extensive water conservation projects involving
numerous upstream storage reservoirs and elaborate interbasin transfer
facilities. The major purpose of these projects is to intercept and transfer
surplus water from rivers in northern California to water-short areas in the
south. This massive north to south transfer of water will result in almost
complete control of all major rivers and streams in California, considerably
change the regimen of these waters, and affect most of California's popula-
tion. Consequently, a significant part of the Central Pacific Project's
efforts will be directed toward an evaluation of the effects that the
various water resources development schemes will have on water quality
and pollution control problems.
Initially, the project is directing its attention to the pressing
problem related to the disposal of agricultural waste water from California's
Great Central Valley. The 1966 "Construction and Rehabilitation" appropria-
tion of the U9 S8 Bureau of Reclamation provides that the final point of
discharge for the San Luis interceptor drain shall not be determined until
completion of a pollution study by the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, In view of the urgent need for information on which to base
the decision on disposal of agricultural drainage from San Joaquin Valley,
the central Pacific Project will devote all of its resources to this
problem during its first year of operation.
In 1967, the project is scheduled for major expansion as it concludes
the special agricultural waste drainage investigation and launches selective
inventory and hydraulic study programs in the San Joaquin Valley, Sacramento
Valley, and Southern California. A field station will be established in
Southern California to carry out the work in that region.
(9) Missouri River
This project was initiated in; 1966. A major activity during 1966 is
providing water supply and water quality data to other Federal agencies
cooperating in a comprehensive framework study of water and related land
resource development in the Missouri Basin. In addition, other water
pollution studies will be initiated.
The Missouri Project is scheduled for major expansion in 196?.
Emphasis will be given to: (l) continuation of coordinated river basin
planning with other Federal agencies; (2) establishment of laboratory
facilities; (3) collection and analyses of hydrologic and water quality
data; (U) river mile coding for the project area; (5) "initiation of
-------
5*1
waste Inventories in the Lower Missouri and Red River of the Bbrth
Basins, and (6) establishment of a field station in Bismarck, North
Dakota.
B« New projects
(1 ) Lover Mississippi
The main streams of the Lower Mississippi River Drainage Basin are
at the heart of one of the world's most important water navigation
systems. The Basin is noted for its commercial production of shellfish
and other seafoods, and is highly valued as a general recreation and
sport fishing area. While agriculture is the principal activity in the
region, in recent years there has been considerable growth of water
using industries, particularly oil, metals, and organic chemicals. The
industrial growth rate of this area is one of the highest in the Nation.
Moreover, there has been an increasing use of the waters for municipal
water supply purposes. Although the majority of municipal water supplies
are from ground water, nearly half of the people within the area are
served by municipal water systems dependent upon the Basin's surface
water sources.
The increasing municipal and industrial water use demand, coupled
-with a reliance upon the assimilative capacity of the streams in this water-
rich area, rather than waste treatment, have created a trend of general
water Duality deterioration in the Lower Mississippi River drainage area*
Symptomatic of the developing problems are offensive tastes and odors
'that have occurred in municipal water supplies and massive fish kills
from pesticides that have occurred periodically in this region since
I960,
As a result of the findings that the massive fish kills were
resulting from pesticide pollution, a major Technical Assistance Project
was Initiated on a crash basis late in 1964 to develop control measures
for this category of pollution. The technical assistance project is
scheduled to be phased into the development of a comprehensive water
pollution control program for the Lower Mississippi River Basin at the
end of 19660 The staff, equipment and facilities, as well as much of
the Information developed In connection with the technical assistance
studies of pesticide pollution, will provide a ready-made nucleus for
the comprehensive project.
(2 ) Upper Mississippi
The Upper Mississippi River Basin Includes all the area draining
into the Mississippi River (exclusive of the Missouri River drainage)
from Cairo, Illinois, to Its headwaters in Minnesota. The scheduled
initiation of this project in 1967 Is based upon two major considerations:
-------
(a) As a result of an enforcement conference, a study was initiated.
to develop an abatement program in the Minneapolis-St, Paul area. This
study will be phased out at the end of 1966. The staff, facilities, and
findings of the enforcement study will provide an effective base from
which to expand the work done in the Twin Cities area to provide the
entire Upper Mississippi Basin with a comprehensive water pollution
control program.
(b) The development phase of the comprehensive water pollution
control study of the Upper Mississippi Basin must be initiated in 1967?
in order to be consonant with the scheduling of the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers, which is actively planning reservoir development in the basin.
Much of the project's activity in 19^7 will be directed toward
specifically providing data to the U. S» Army Corps of Engineers on
storage of water for flow regulation and water quality control in
connection with the comprehensive framework study of water and related
land resource development in the basin. In addition, other studies
necessary to the initial phases of comprehensive program development
will be undertaken.
(3 ) Hew England
The President has requested that all Federal agencies involved in
comprehensive water resource planning accelerate their efforts in the
northeastern States in order to- combat the problems resulting from the
continuing severe drought conditions in that area. In order to be respon-
sive to this request, and to be in step with the scheduling of other
Federal agencies with active programs underway in the New England Basin,
the New England Comprehensive Program has been rescheduled to start in
1967* Initiation of this project., together with the other projects
already underway, will then provide for coverage of all river basins
in the drought area.
During the first year of operation, efforts will be directed towards
those initial activities necessary to get the project underway; towards
high priority studies associated with drought related problems; and towards
studies necessary to support the water resource planning activities of the
Federal agencies.
(4 ) Florida-Puerto Rico
The Florida-Puerto Rico study will cover two major areas. One
includes the State of Florida south of the northern boundary of Puval
County; the other includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the
Virgin Islands of St. Thomas, St. Croijc and St. John. This project has
been scheduled for initiation in 1S&J, in response to urgent needs to
provide comprehensive solution to accelerating pollution problems in
these two areas.
-------
As an area with population and industrial growth, rates .among the
most rapid in the Nation, Florida is facing a growing number of water
pollution problems. As in many areas of the country, the quality and
usefulness of both surface and ground waters are being jeopardized by
an increased discharge of pollutants, while the municipal, industrial,
agricultural and recreational demands for clean water are increasing.
Illustrative of the urgent problems to be faced in Florida are high
concentrations of nutrients in water which cause massive aquatic growths
that result in obnoxious odors and serious damage to beaches; diversion
of water from Everglades National Park causing a drastic change in the
park's flora and fauna; salt water encroachment Into ground water
aquifers; land drainage and surface run-offs of agricultural chemicals;
and the repeated appearance of "Hie microscopic organisms referred
to as "Red Tide", which results in the decimation of the fish population
of the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to the Florida coast.
Biree factors have made it urgent to inititate pollution control
planning in Puerto Rico. First, Puerto Rico has one of the world'.s
highest population densities. It is estimated that growth in the next
15 years will be equivalent to a 6k percent increase over today's
figure. Because of the pollution increase related to population growth
the Commonwealth may soon reach a time when its streams can no longer
assimilate its municipal wastes with present treatment practices. Second
the rapid industrial growth in the last two decades, and its accelerated
tempo expected in the future, will require a more orderly development
of water resources, as well as a higher degree of treatment for industrial
wastes. Finally, there Is the problem of the heavy and Increasing use
of nondegradable synthetic contaminants such as insecticides and herbicides,
During the Initial year of operation, It is planned to staff and
equip headquarters facilities in Florida and a field station In Puerto
Rico, and to initiate studies in both areas.
3- Management phase
Following the completion of the intensive comprehensive program
development phase, management phase activities are Initiated to work
towards implementation of the findings and recommendations of the
comprehensive program. Management phase activities should begin when
water uses of a stretch of stream' have been identified, water quality
goals have been agreed on, a plan for construction of water pollution
control facilities has been adopted, and a water quality intelligence
system has been perfected.
Included in the activities undertaken during the management phase
are: (l) continuous measurements of water quality at key locations;
(2) Incorporation of water use and waste discharge locations into a
developed Information retrieval system; (3) reporting on the status of
waste treatment facilities; (k") prediction of streamflow to be anticipated
at critical points based on forecasts of uncontrolled .runoff and schedules
-------
of reservoir releases , and (5) reporting on the status of reservoirs
containing storage earmarked for streamflow regulation for quality control,
A,
The development phase was completed in 1963. Since that time, the
project has been working with the U,SS Army Corps of Engineers and
Various State agencies on implementing the proposed measures for reducing
salt pollution, which is "by far the major cause of poor water quality
in these basins*
1965 was the first full year of surveillance of the experimental
impoundment at Estelline Springs , Texas , for removal of brine from the
Red River. This is the first experimental impoundment designed for
this purpose and has proYed wholly successful. Also, during 1965? the
project continued its cooperative effort with the U. S» Army Corps of
Engineers to determine the feasibility of controls of salt sources in
the Wichita Basins and in other portions of the Red Eiver and Arkansas
River Basins. In addition, statistical studies were conducted to design
monitoring programs and to determine the most acceptable methods of data
treatment to confirm results of pollution abatement.
The program for 1966 calls fort (l) continuing cooperative effort
with the U, S. Army Corps of Engineers for construction of salinity
abatement facilities \ (2) initiation of a pilot study in cooperation with
the Oklahoma Corporation Commission and the Fish and Game Department on
the leaching characteristics of brine pits, mode of entry of brine into
receiving streams and the time required for brine pollution to stop after
the pits are leveled., and (3) a study to identify additional sources for
municipal and industrial water supplies on the North Fork of the Red
River and evaluate various water quantity and quality management proce^
dures.
The 1967 request for this project will provide for a continuation
of the collection and evaluation of data to determine the effectiveness
of chloride control measures, the development and use of statistical
analysis in design of measurement systems, and the evaluation of the
contributions of man-made pollution '-and the reductions brought about by
the States* pollution control programs s In addition, the study of the
leaching of brine pits will be completed, and the search for more eco-
nomical methods of collection, analyses and storage of data will
continue.
B. jrewiirgg,nagejngjit____ghaae activities
The 1967 estimate provides for initiation of management phase
activities in four comprehensive water pollution control projects.
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TO
•/Q
In each case, development phase activities will still be underway in
some portions of the overall project area, but will have been completed
for other subbasins, For example, in the Columbia Basin Project,
management of comprehensive programs for the Willamette and Yakima
subbasins can begin in 1967,, even though development phase activities will
still be underway in other subbasins. In this way, implementation of
project findings can be undertaken without delay.
The Delaware Project is scheduled to begin the implementation of
its comprehensive plan for the Delaware River Basin as development phase
activities are concluded in 196?. The Columbia Project will also initiate
implementation of its program in the Willamette and Yakima subbasins, the
Great Lakes-Illinois Project will begin its first management phase
activity in the Illinois Elver Basins, Lake Michigan and Lake Erie,
The Southeastern Project will initiate management of the Appalachicola-
Chattahoochee-Flint and Pearl-Pascagoula-Big Black Basins.
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ro
Enforcement
1966
Estimate
Personnel compensation
0
1
2
. 3
ther expenses ,
Total
. Reconnaissance surveys,
investigations,
proceedings,
surveillance, standards
and "basic program. ....
. Enforcement projects;
Colorado River ».....»«
Washington State, .....
South Platte ..........
Twin Cities-
Upper Mississippi ....
Merritnack-Hasllua. . . * . »
Hew studies
Subtotal, enforcement .
. Post-action surveillance
Raritan Bay. ...»
Detroit River. ........
Twin Cities-
Subtotal, post-action
surveillance . .......
Total, all
Pos.
368
Amount
$2,583,355
1,091,61+5
1967
Estimate
Pos.
1+16
368 3,675,000 1+16
Summary by Program
49
25
23
12
11
1+7
201
15
9
2-1+
368
1,580,000
678,000
205,000
250,000
173,000
115,000
114-1,000
290, ooo
1,852,000
161, ooo
82, 000
21+3,000
1 3,675,000
199
9
23
11
7
92
189
15
9
14-
28
1+16
Amount
$3,1+76,000
1,058,000
4, 5 3^, 000
2,392,000
1+93,000
102,000
252,000
92,, 000
119,000
805,000
1,863,000
163,000
83,000
33,000
279,000
i+, 531+, ooo
Increase or
Decrease
Pos.
+1+8
9 * *
+56
~2
-16
-l
+45
-12
s * *
+1+
+48
Amount
+$892,61+5
-33,61+5
+859,000
+812,000
-185,000
-103,000
+2,000
-173,000
-23,000
-22,000
+515,000
+11,000
+2,000
+1,000
+33,000
+36,000
+859,000
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rvi
O'J
Enforcement
Enforcement lies at the very heart of any effective program for the
prevention and control of pollution. The enforcement authority and enforce-
ment measures will be applied as indicated to be necessary in achieving the
national goal of prevention, control, and abatement of water pollution. In
achieving this goal the activity will support and cooperate with State and
interstate agencies in the exercise of their enforcement authority to abate
and control pollution; prevent and control pollution from Federal installa-
tions; and encourage cooperative activities by the States relating to the
prevention and control of water pollution, including enactment of improved
State laws and compacts between States,
The 1965 Amendments to the Water Pollution Control Act expand and
strengthen the enforcement authority, They provide for State and/or
Federal action to establish water quality standards, and authorize the
Secretary to call an enforcement conference whenever he finds that sub-
stantial economic injury results from the inability to market shellfish
or shellfish products in interstate commerce because of pollution and
action of Federal, State, or local authorities.
The magnitude of the enforcement program, its requirements for continuous
surveillance and evaluation of all interstate areas, and the time required to
develop and enforce remedial schedules for construction of required facilities
to abate pollution, will not admit of short-term completion of the program.
Illustrative of the magnitude of the program is the fact that, of the some
26,000 waterbodies in the continental United States, approximately U.,000 are
interstate waters within the meaning of the Act.
1, Reconnaissance surveys, investigations3 proceedings, Federal installations,
and water quality standards•
A program increase of 56 positions and $503>000 is proposed for this
category of enforcement activities. Strengthening of Federal enforcement
activities is necessary to accelerate progress in abating pollution. The
need for such strengthening is emphasized in Presidential directives, in
the legislative history leading to passage of the 1965 Amendments to the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and in the Amendments themselves. The
proposed program increase will provide for acceleration of activity in
identification and evaluation of pollution areas and increased level of
enforcement proceedings. It will also provide for meeting the workload
_anticipated from the 1965 Amendments related to water quality standards and
to abatement of pollution in shellfish growing areas.
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Si
(a) Reconnaissance surveys and Investigations
This involves the identification and evaluation of interstate or navi-
gable waters pollution problems to provide an overall basis for scheduling
future Federal enforcement actions. The extent of field surveys and in-
vestigations necessary depends on whether or not adequate data are available
to support a firm determination of the existence or nonexistenee of pollution
abatable under the enforcement procedures of the Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act. In many cases, this requires some type of field investigation,,
In 1967 it is planned to up-date and reevaluate,in enforcement responsi-
bility terms,the data on ^-00 already investigated areas, and investigate and
evaluate 200 new interstate areas; this will require securing additional
technical and scientific data on approximately 125 new areas; of which 30 are
estimated to require short duration field studies and some type of field in-
vestigation for the remainder. It is estimated that 30 new areas will involve
enforcement responsibilities under the new shellfish provisions. Comparable
estimates for 1966 include 300 already investigated areas, 160 new interstate
areas, and 2.6 short duration field studies.
(b) Proceedings^
From 1956 to December 31j 19^5 > 37 actions were instituted. More than
half of these (22) were initiated on the Secretary's own responsibility,
and four actions have been called at the request of State Governors and as a
result of reports made by the Federal Agency. Eleven actions have been initiated
on State request alone,
As a result of these actions, remedial collection and waste treatment
facilities at an estimated cost of $1.7 billion are in various stages of
planning, construction, and operation. This cost figure is expected to
rise substantially when schedules of remedial action are established for
several large areas on which major studies and investigations are being
conducted.
Continued vigorous emphasis on abatement of pollution situations is
anticipated to result in many new actions during 1967. Some 20 interim
sessions of pending conference actions will be held to evaluate progress
being made toward completion of remedial action schedules; to review
.progress of ongoing investigations; to lay plans to further investigative
programs; or to adjust remedial action schedules„
From July 1, 196^ through December 1965 the following seven actions
were instituted:
-------
Action Area
Date of Initiation
Disposition
1. Blaekstone and Ten Mile Rivers
(Massachusetts -Rhode Island)
2, Lower Savannah River
(South Carolina-Georgia)
3. Mahoning River
( Ohio-Pennsylvania )
^. Lake Michigan, Wolf Lake
Calume.t Rivers
( Illinoi s-Indiana
5. Lake Irie
(Mi chigan-Indiana-Qhi o-
Pennsylvania-Ifew York)
6. Red River of the North
(North Dakota-Minnesota)
7. Hudson River
(c) Water Quality Standards
January 26, 1965 Remedial schedules
established,
February 2, 1965 Remedial schedules
to be established,
February 16, 1965 Remedial program
established,
March 2, 1965 Remedial schedules
being established.'
August 3 i 1965
Remedial program
established,
September 1^, 19&5 Remedial program to
be established.
September 28,' 1965 Remedial program
established.
The 1965 Amendments contain provisions for the establishment of water
quality standards either by State or Federal action. This provision is to
be used as a mechanism for upgrading the water quality and preventing pollu-
tion before it starts. These standards are not to be designed for use pri-
marily as an enforcement device, but as an additional tool for the Secretary
and State and local agencies to guide their overall abatement programs5 and
encourage preventative control.
Generally, the water quality standards provisions call for the follow-
ing:
(l) Within one year from date of enactment, each State must file with
the Secretary a letter indicating its intent of establishing standards by
June 30, 1967.
(2) Standards established by the State mast be approved by the Secretary,
(3) If a State does not act either by filing a letter of intent or sub-
sequently establishing approved standards, the Secretary could, after a
conference with all interested parties, publish Federal water standards for a
particular interstate stream or portion of it. The State would still have
6 months to establish its own standards subject to the approval of the Secre-
tary before promulgation by the Secretary, After promulgation, a Governor
may request a hearing within 30 days by a board dominated neither by the
State nor Federal governments.
-------
(U) Once standards are established -either "by State or Federal action,
any violator of a standard has six months to conform* If they do not conform,
court action can "be instituted to force compliance,
(5) The Secretary may on his own initiative or at the request of a
Governor, institute enforcement proceedings against any polluter violating
established standards.
(6) Provisions are also included for revising standards consistent with
the need either on the Secretary's initiative or at the request of a Governor,
To implement and carry out these provisional it will be necessary to
perform the following functions:
(l} develop standards,
(2) prepare regulations setting forth standards.
(3) develop arrangements for consultation with other Federal agencies
concerned.
(h) review proposed State standards for consistency.
(5 ) provide consultation and guidelines to State and interstate agencies.
(6) when necessary, collect water quality data to evaluate or develop
standards„
(7) establish standards if such standards are not established by the
appropriate State of interstate agency,
(8.) provide for revisions of standards»
(9) institute enforcement proceedings where established standards are
being violated,.
In the initial stages of the program heavy emphasis will be placed,
where applicable, on reviewing proposed standards, developing standards,
preparing regulations, developing guidelines, collecting water quality data
to evaluate standards, and developing arrangements for consultation with
other Federal agencies concerned*
2• Enforcement pr03ects
In some of the areas where enforcement actions have been instituted,
a wide range of complex technical issues must be resolved before a schedule
of abatement and control measures can be developed. Extensive on-site
studies are conducted to develop the information neHfesary to establish a
sound basis for water quality control programs in .such cases.
In 1965 six such on-site projects were being conducted in connection
with prior actions. These include the Colorado River, Washington State,
South Platte, Twin Cities-Upper Mississippi, Merriinaek-Nash.ua, and Mononga-
helaa In 1966 it is anticipated that the Twin Cities-Upper Mississippi
-------
project will also be completed. In 196? the remaining projects will "be
phasing out at various levels with completion shortly thereafter. Funds
are available in 1966 to initiate new activities that may be required as
a result of enforcement actions. There is included in 196? ^5 positions
and $300,000 for new studies that will be required as a result of new
enforcement actions anticipated. This will permit the start of several
projects depending on the extent of the problems involved. These funds
are necessary if the Secretary is to carry out his responsibilities under
the enforcement provision of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
3. Post-action surveillance
The purpose of each enforcement action is the restoration and
conservation of water quality to serve all legitimate uses. When a major
on-site project has been completed and a schedule of remedial action
developed, the surveillance job begins. The Department must see to it that
the work required of each polluter, generally construction, is undertaken
to completion and that the resulting facilities are properly operated. Such
construction includes building sewer lines and interceptors and the con-
struction, enlargement or improvement of treatment plants and the like.
In some cases, where industries are involved, remedial action may require
in-plant or process changes or installation of recovery processes.
Post-action surveillance activity is conducted for all enforcement
action. Where there has been no major on-site investigation the activity
is carried out by the reconnaissance, survey and investigation staff as
part of their overall responsibilities. Where there has been a major on-
site investigation, this surveillance is maintained by a small component
of the original project staff.
For the two large enforcement projects which were completed in 1965?
Detroit Elver and Haritan Bay, activity has been shifted to post-action
surveillance in 1966. In 196? it is proposed to shift the Twin Cities-
Upper Mississippi to post-surveillance requiring k positions and $33jOOO.
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Research, training, and technical services
]
Pos.
Personnel compensation
and benefits ......*, 982
1966
Sstimate
Amount
$6,615,900
4,341,770
1967
Estimate
P0s . Amount
1,155 $9,857,000
7,136,000
Increase or
Decrease
Pos . Amount
+173 +$3, 241,000
... +2,794,230
Total,. 982/ 10,957,670 1,155 16,993,000 +173 -^,035,330
Research
Summary by Program
427 / /4, 656, 766 537 7,690, 750/ +110 +3,033,984
Collection, analysis,
and dissemination
of basic data.......
Technical assistance.
Training,
/122 yi,277,63l4- 136 1,510,000 • +14 +232,366
^339- v'35863,020 37^ 6,301,300/ +35 +2,1138,280
/ho s ^77,250 5^ 707,550/ +ik +230,300
Research, training,
and demonstration
grant services,...
/31 y 366,300 31 422,000 / ...
Public information
and technical
report s....«.....
/ 23
316,700 _ 23
361,400
+55,700
+44,700
Total............ 982 10.,9571670 . 1,155.16,993.000 +173 +6,035.330
-------
86
1, Research
1966 196? Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Pos. Amount Pos^ Amount Fog. Amount
k21 $^,656,766 537 $7,690,750 +110 +$3,033,98^
The basic purpose of the research program is to develop new or improved
technology for solving water pollution problems. Research has been a
lagging aspect of the national water pollution control effort because of
limited funds and resources. The priority need to accelerate efforts in
water pollution control research has been pointed to in all recent assessments
of national research :needs in the water resources field.
In recent years, unprecedented population and industrial growth and
concentration, revolutionary new technologies, and changing land uses and
practices have thrust enormous pollution problems on a relatively unprepared
science. Research must now deal with new problems caused by the sheer mass
of pollutants and by .a whole host of new pollutants that are highly complex
in composition and which may persist for extremely long periods, even
indefinitely, in water.
The analytical tools, scientific knowledge, and engineering controls
which served well for the problems of the past are proving increasingly
inadequate in dealing with present pollution problems and will become even
more inadequate to cope with foreseeable future problems. Thus, water
pollution research must develop an effective new technology while program
administrators attempt to hold the pollution line with available knowledge.
The overall research effort is planned and programmed to deal with
both existing and emerging problems of pollution control. Emphasis is
placed on research which leads directly to the solution of pollution problems,
with high priority given those needs defined by the other program elements
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (comprehensive programs,
enforcement, technical assistance).
A wide range of scientific and engineering research problems are
involved. Basically, these problems.can be categorized as (l) determining
the causes and effects of pollution of the Nation's water resources, and
(2) developing pollution prevention and control measures necessary to
maintain the national water resources at a quality continuously suitable
for domestic and municipal water supply, industrial and agricultural
purposes, recreation, propagation of fish and aquatic life and wildlife, and
other beneficial uses.
For the most part, in-house research activities are conducted at the
Sanitary Engineering Center., at the national water quality laboratories, and
at the regional water pollution control laboratories of the Administration.
Some in-house effort is also expended at various field sites and pilot plant
-------
r-7
o /
facilities outside the laboratories. Research programs at each of the
Administration's laboratories are being developed as centers of excellence
in one or more specific research areas. In this way, staffing and facilities
can be tailored to specific needs, the most effective use of research super-
visors and scarce scientific and engineering personnel can be achieved,
and a higher overall degree of competence and productivity can be obtained.
Where feasible, areas of research involving similar skills and equipment are
grouped in the same laboratory,
In addition to this in-house research effort, research contracts are
used to develop specific research information, generally in conjunction with
some aspect of the in-house program. The principal use of research contracts
has been in connection with advanced waste treatment research,
In carrying out the Federal responsibility for water pollution research,
eight broad areas of needed research have been defined. Essentially all
research, either through direct effort or through outside contract, can be
classified under one of these areas. These categories are similar to those
proposed by the Committee on Water Resources Research, Federal Council for
Science and Technology, they are as followss
1. Identification of wastes^
Present methodology for detecting and measuring the presence and
amounts of significant pollutants is inadequate, A program to develop and
apply analytical methods is necessary if we are to adequately assess water
pollution problems, determine origins of pollutants, predetermine chronic
toxic effects of pollutants, and devise and operate effective, efficient
programs and treatment methods for preventing and controlling pollution.
This requires that chemicals be measured in concentrations of parts per
billion and less. Research will enable improved quantitative measurement
of viral and bacterial organisms which will permit more effective surveil-?
lance in the battle against infectious diseases spread through water contact.
One objective of this research is to develop and improve procedures for the
recovery, identification, measurement, monitoring and evaluation of
specific contaminants affecting water quality. For example, efforts will
continue on the application and development of such techniques as the
extremely sensitive gas chromatographic methods This and similar new
techniques are also extremely valuable in the detection and measurement of
pesticides and other new synthetic .chemicals entering the environment and in
the differentiation of man-made wastes from natural contaminants that occur
in streams. A second objective is the definition of measures of the charac-
ter, strength, and properties of wastes to predict their effects, persistence,
and removability and development of methodology for their measurement.
2. Sources and fate of pollution ' •'
Our lakes, streams, and rivers are systems which are fundamentally
biological in nature, and which can not retain indefinitely the capacity to
assimilate wastes at the rate they are presently being-discharged and will be
discharged in the future. Hew knowledge and methodology are required to
-------
determine where pollutants originate, to define the paths of pollutants
through and the fate of pollutants in the environment, to distinguish
between natural and man-made pollution, and to quantify the waste load
being imposed on the Nation's waters.
Inherently, some pollutants are physically, chemically, or biologi-
cally changed after they enter receiving waters. Research in this area
will be concerned primarily with the origin, dispersal, movement, persistence, •
degradation, and ultimate fate of contaminants disposed to surface waters,
ground waters, coastal waters, or soil. This includes contaminants from.
both point sources and nonpoint sources such as from irrigation return flows
and. urban and rural runoff.
Dispersal of waste effluents in large volumes of water is of increasing
concern for the 23 States located on coastal waters, the eight States located
along the Great Lakes, and for the larger cities on the Nation's streams.
The oceanographic aspects of waste disposal are growing in importance with
continuing development of coastal areas as urban, industrial and recreational
centers. There are also several .million persons dependent on septic tanks
for waste disposal and even fundamental principles of soil adsorption systems
are not well known. A growing interest is apparent also in the disposal of
industrial wastes into deep underground formations> The basic principles of
effluent disposal into waters and soils must be defined and applied. A
research need of increasing significance lies in the recharge of underground
water-bearing formations with renovated waste waters.
3. Effects of pollution
Many new wastes, particularly in the synthetic chemical field, are
being discharged into waters where they appear as discrete pollutants. Many
are extremely persistent and stable in water and resist removal by conventional
water and waste treatment methods. Some cause obnoxious tastes and odors in
drinking waters, others are toxic to fish and aquatic life or taint fish flesh,
and almost nothing is known of their toxic effect on humans. Inorganic
chemical contaminants such as nitrogen and phosphorus compounds pres '" in many
waste discharges, have been previously ignored but are now felt to be prime
contributors to the occurrence of major pollution episodes including extensive
algal blooms. Techniques are needed to assess the pollutional characteristics
of wastes especially where traditional parameters no longer apply, to under-
stand and predict the effects of pollution, and to relate pollutional effects
to levels of pollution. These methods are needed not only for new types of
pollution but also for some of the older wastes and for natural pollutants*
Typical of the studies to be carried out are those designed to a) deter-
mine the effects of impurities on water for municipal supplies, propagation
of fish, aquatic life and wildlife, recreation, agriculture and industry;
b) determine the relationships between concentrations of Impurities and
pollutional effects (water quality requirements); c) elucidate the causes
of, mechanisms of, and relationships between pollution and accelerating
eutrophication; d) define the role of water in the transmission of bacterial
and viral diseases; e) assess the epidemlological arid toxicological signifi-
cance of water pollution.
-------
The water quality standards provision of the 1965 Amendments to the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act adds particular importance to this
category of research. Research findings of the National Water Quality
Laboratories at Duluth and Narragansett will provide much of the scien-
tific information necessary to the establishment, review, and improvement
of water quality criteria and standards. For this reason, advanced
staffing provided for the National Water Quality Laboratories in 19665
and additional staffing is requested in 1967.
U. Waste treatment
Existing waste treatment technology is rapidly proving inadequate to
deal with the mass and complexity of today's pollution loads. New and
improved treatment techniques are essential if the Nation is to protect its
water resources and provide for the multiple reuse nece.ssary to meet water
demandss Further, the operations and processes of conventional treatment
technology must be better understood to insure economical design and
operation of pollution control facilities.
Research on advanced waste treatment is a special aspect of this
overall problem. A major goal of our research effort Is waste water
renovation and reuse which involves the development and demonstration of
practical means for treating waste waters to remove the maximum possible
amounts of pollutants to permit repeated reuse of the Hatlon'a waters.
Research on development of advanced waste treatment technology
represents the major part of the research program and It is considered
to be of the highest priority in terms of total national needs for
water research. The Office of Science and Technology-Committee on
Water Resources Research .lists this area of research at the top of its
priority list.
The nature of advanced waste treatment research requires that it be
supported by a combination of in-house and contract research projects.
The major contributions that contract research "brings to this area are;
l) the feasibility testing of many new ideas and approaches is possible
without requiring government investment in specialized facilities and
competencies| 2) a variety of approaches can be explored simultaneously
to accomplish screening of potentially feasible techniques in the shortest
possible time; 3) the country's mo,st highly qualified and experienced
scientific and engineering capabilities, wherever they exist, can be
brought to bear on these problems. Contract research represents, in many
cases, a key step in the development of new waste treatment technology
and the current rate of progress is being Inhibited by lack of contract
research funds.
In previous years, contracts have been awarded to industries,
universities, and research institutes. Through this mechanism, for
example, the granular activated carbon adsorption process hag been
developed, largely as the result of contracts with the Pittsburgh
Chemical Company, Dow Industrial Service, and Harvard University,
Another promising advanced waste treatment process, electrodialysis,
-------
70
has been brought to pilot scale by a combination of in-house effort and
research contracts with Ionics, Incorporated. In 1967 it is planned
that a number of contracts for research in such areas as nutrient removal,
regeneration of powdered carbon, reverse osmosis, and others will be let.
Major efforts will be directed toward research and development projects
relating to waste water purification and reuse. It is anticipated that
the additional $1 million requested in 1967 for research contracts will
support an estimated 20 essential research contracts in this area.
Pilot plant studies are carried out on those techniques (developed
by contract research, in-house or extramural research) which show further
promise for practical application. The techniques which show promise
include adsorption, bio-denitrification, coagulation-precipitation,
electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. Several pilot plant studies in
cooperation with local authorities are now underway to develop these
advanced processes for both pollution control and for waste water purifi-
cation and reuse. More answers to the solution of difficult pollution
problems can be achieved through successful advanced waste treatment
research than through any other research activity.
Some of these processes are now at or approaching the stage at which
they must be subjected to field evaluation. They must be tested at full-
scale in actual practice, in order that municipalities, industries, and
consultants may use these methods with assurance. In 1966 funds were
provided for field evaluation of one process. The 19^7 budget for
"Buildings and Facilities" proposes funds to construct an additional
experimental field facility to evaluate a second process on a full-scale
basis. In addition to research on advanced treatment methods, other
studies in this category include (a) improved operational control of
biological treatment processes; (b) adaptation of micro-organisms to
degrade wastes; and (c) improvement of effectiveness of waste disinfection.
5. Ultimate Disposal of Wastes
The contaminants removed from waste waters cannot normally be disposed
of by discharging them into surface streams or underground aquifers since
this approach would yield no alleviation of water pollution and would, in
fact, make the original separation of the impurities from the water
completely pointless. Means for the permanent (nonpollutional) disposal of
separated waste concentrates must be, developed simultaneously and in con-
junction with new and improved waste treatment processes. Four general
categories of disposal methods appear to exist: l) conversion to innocuous
form as by incineration, wet oxidation (destruction of organic compounds by
exposure to high temperature and pressure), or biological degradation
(consumption of concentrated waste materials by bacteria, .algae, etc.);
2) "dumping" the concentrates into designated waste reservoirs (e.g., specially
constructed and sealed basins, natural waste sinks such as certain desert
areas, or even remote areas of the oceans); 3) injection into very deep
underground formations or either natural or artificial cavities in the earth;
and k) recovery of usable materials for sale (e.g., fertilizer, soil
conditioners, chemical or pharmaceutical raw materials, etc.).
Included in this category is the development of the most effective and
economical disposal process or combination of processes to meet a whole range
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of disposal requirements. The development and improvement of sludge
handling, conditioning, and preconcentration techniques is also covered,
6. Water Treatment
Much of the research and development effort devoted to treatment for
municipal and industrial -wastes is applicable and translatable to the
treatment of water supplies, even though the concentrations of impurities
are likely to differ. There are, however, a number of problems which are
unique to the area of water treatment, including those associated with the
distribution systems, such as corrosion, iron and manganese control and the
development of biological slimes. Water treatment research will include
development of methodology for recovery of chemicals used in treatment,
treatment of Alaskan tundra waters, development of small treatment systems
and systems engineering technology for the optimal incorporation of water
treatment plants into basin-wide quality management programs.
7« Water Quality Control
Wastes can be broadly categorized as those which can be collected and
conveyed to a central place (municipal sewage, urban storm drainage, and
most industrial wastes), and those which cannot be collected and conveyed
to a central place and, therefore, must be controlled by techniques other
than waste treatment. Methods, including elimination of wastes at the
source, must be developed for control of acid mine drainage, natural and
oil field brines and pollution from land drainage. Other pollution which
must be controlled at its source or place of occurrence is exemplified by
that which results in algal blooms and other nuisance vegetative growth in
lakes, streams, and impoundments. This latter problem, in particular, is
assuming major proportions, and in an attempt to apply new technology to
the solution of this problem, two eutrophication pilot projects have been
established. These research and development programs must be continued and
expanded in order to determine practical solutions and engineering feasibility
data for application throughout the nation.
During rainstorms- and immediately thereafter, large quantities of
impurities are discharged to receiving waters through runoff from street
washings, flushing of creek beds, etc. Many cities have combined sewer
systems which simultaneously carry storm runoff, domestic sewage, and
industrial wastes. Methods must be developed to prevent pollution from
storm and combined sewer discharges including research in hydraulics and
feasibility investigations of a variety of proposed engineering solutions.
The control of pollution contributions from industrial wastes must
be investigated in terms of process and plant operation modifications.
The development of methods for the control of land drainage is
another example of the studies in this category, The Federal Council for
Science and Technology, Committee on Water Resources Research, has identified
"Causes and Effects of Water Pollution from Rural Lands" as a priority
research item. It is planned to expand research in this area in cooperation
with the Department of Agriculture,
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72
Where pollution control by treatment or elimination at the source
is not practicable and in the case of drainage from urban and agricultural
land surfaces for which control may not be feasible because of the imprac- .
ticability of collecting the waste, protection of the water resource may
be accomplished by providing additional dilution water,; that is, control
is achieved by regulating stream flow with previously- impounded water to
reduce the concentration of pollutants to tolerable levels. The influence
of impoundments on water quality must be determined. Biological trans-
formations of nitrogen, the effects of photosynthesis on the dissolved
oxygen resources, the rate of iron and manganese, and thermal stratification
are included in the factors which must be studied.
Conservation of water in domestic and industrial use can be an
important means towards water pollution control and as such, research will
begin on development of new techniques and devices for leakage control,
recyclingj and reducing volume requirements for industrial and domestic
water uses.
8. Water Resources Planning and Resources Data
With the greatly increasing demand for water to be used by municipalities,
industries, agriculture and in recreational pursuits, it has become mandatory
to develop planning techniques and socio-economic evaluation methods to permit
optimum use and reuse of our water resource. For a commodity which is
absolutely necessary for the life processes and an essential raw material in
almost every industrial manufacturing operation, the existing methods of cost
allocation and pricing of water must be overhauled and new ones developed.
Water laws and institutions for regulating the use of water have resulted in
misuseo The techniques of systems analysis are applicable to the economics of
water supply, river basin pollution control, and benefit evaluation, but these
techniques must be extended and research performed to develop new methodology
to incorporate the vast complexities of the Nation's water resources use
characteristics.
In order to ensure the most effective and efficient conduct of our
research and development program, to achieve optimum water pollution control,
and to permit optimum water resource management, improved methods must be
developed for collecting., evaluating, and processing pertinent water data
and information.
The program increase for 196? for staffing the laboratories is 110
positions and $503,UOO and for research contracts, $1,000,000.
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2. Collectipn, analys ist anddis s eminat ion^ of^asict data
1966 1967 Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Pos, Amount Pos. Amount Pos. Amount
122 $1S277;63^ 136 $1,510,000 +ik +$232,366
Intelligence on the sources, kinds and amounts of pollutants and
their effects on water quality and water uses is essential to an effectiTe
•water pollution control program. Several activities axe conducted to meet
these needs;
l) Surveillance systems designed to determine levels and trends of
pollution tbr.ough analysis of water samples obtained at key points in the
major river basins. One hundred and thirty-one river basin sampling points
were maintained| a report of 1963-6^ results of sampling analyses was
published in volumes oriented to the major river "Basins, The program
compiled and published; l) A report of pollution-caused fish kills, 2)
the 196^4- water inventory of facilities serving populations of 25,000 and
over, and 3) publication of municipal bond sales and construction awards
data. Special reports such as an evaluation of radioactivity loadings on
the Columbia Siver at Pasco, Washington were prepared for comprehensive
river basin planning. Automatic monitoring equipment was installed
at several surveillance points and plans were developed in connection with
the Susquehanna and Chesapeake Bay comprehensive river basin program for
expanding the Potomac Hiver pollution surveillance system to include two
additional automatic monitors with telemetering capability to support mathe-
matical model work;
2) Maintenance of inventories of municipal water and sewage facilities
which enable analysis for trends and needs of treatment facilities and
related requirements in the water supply and waste disposal fields. Collec-
tion and dissemination of data on municipal bond sales for water and sewage
works and contracts awarded for construction of water and sewage facilities|
3) Collection and dissemination of reports on pollution-caused fish
kills as collected through a nationwide state and local agency reporting
system; *
k} Support of data gathering activities of the various agency programs
through development of a Data Storage and Eetrieval System (STOBEl),
providing required consultation on data storage and retrieval methodology,
technical guidance on automatic instrumentation for pollution intelligence
systems, and a quality control program for laboratory methodology prescribed
for chemical, physical and biological analysis of samples from the aquatic
environment.
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The field program of these activities in the past has :been carried
out through the regional offices and a laboratory in Cincinnati. It is
now planned that as agency field laboratories are activated, river basin
surveillance, inventory and special support portions of on-going field
operational programs win be carried out through those facilities. The
system is now used for data storage and retrieval by all on-going compre-
hensive projects. In this connection a series of standard statistical pro-
grams and development of a subsystem for coding of lakes and estuaries -was
completed*
Emphasis will be placed on transferring inventory and surveillance
operational responsibilities from the regional Offices and the Cincinnati
laboratory to the pollution intelligence activities at the several opera*-
tional field laboratories. This transfer will be effected in a manner to
complement the objective of assuring maximum utility of the data collected
for all agency activities. It will be necessary to continue substantial
amounts of operational surveillance activity at the Cincinnati laboratory
since certain highly specialized professional competence and equipment
requirements can best be provided from a central laboratory, particularly
while the various field laboratories are being constructed, staffed up
and becoming operational. During this period, a reorientation of the
Cincinnati laboratories will be directed toward developing and effecting
a quality control program for the agency laboratories and expanding the
existing instrumentation activity to satisfy needs for automatic monitoring
as related to the management phase of the comprehensive river basin
planning activity.
Krpposed program increases for Iff67, for instrumentation, laboratory^ quality
control^ and data operations^
1. Developmental work on monitoringr jlnstrigaentation
Equipment development to meet post-enforcement and water quality
management activities must be accelerated. Although major advances have
been made in water quality instrumentation,, much more effort -in this area
is required. In addition, instrumentation must now be .applied to actual
water management situations resulting from comprehensive program and en-
forcement projects, which will require further advances in instrumentation
and telemetering of data. It is planned to increase the instrumentation
program staff at Cincinnati with two position, one electronics engineer,
and an electronics technician, and provide additional monitoring equipment.
Proposed program increase is 2 positions and fS^-jOOO.
2. laboratory quality^control.
It is planned to establish a national laboratory quality control pro-
gram. The increasing number of laboratories in the agency makes it vital
that a program of methods development and application include a sound quality
control program to assure accuracy and comparability of analytical results.
To meet this need five positions are proposed with four for Cincinnati and
one for headquarters for coordinating the national program. Proposed program
increase is 5 positions and $1+1,000.
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3. Data, operati ons control
Ixpansion of data operations control (STORED) is necessary to meet
the growing needs of the major field projects and the monitoring systems
employed in water quality management. Seven positions are requested for
headquarters. This will permit the addition of a sanitary engineer and
Increase the number of support personnel in cartography and programing.
Proposed program Increase is J positions and $68,000.
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3. Technical Assistance
1966
Estimate
Pos.
Amount
1967
Estimate
Pos.
Amount
Increase or
Decrease
Pos.
Amount
339 / $3*863,020 374 $6,301,300 +35 +$2,438,280
Technical assistance activities .are the heart of the Federal-State-
regional-local cooperative approach to water pollution problems. Expert
scientific and engineering staff render technical services, maintain intel-
ligence, and provide technical information on difficult water pollution
control problems to other Federal, State, regional, and local authorities,
to industry, to the public at large, and to other activities in the water
supply and pollution program* Technical assistance activities range from
letter responses to requests for information to major project investiga-
tions involving several years or more.
-Summary by Activity
.1966 1967 Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Pos. Amount Pos. " Amount Pos. Amount
a. Basic program........ 190. $1,459,600 201 $2,593,300 +11 +$1,133,700
b. Recreation and water
quality. 9/ vi21,900 l4 253,000 +5 +131,100
c. Klamath River study.. 8^ ,/128,000 20 261,000 +12 +133,000
d. Demonstration of acid
mine drainage control
and abatement....... 24^ .'1,267,600 33- 1,676,000 +9 +408,400
e* Charleston Harbor-
Cooper River study. . 13 •/ ^139,000 .. 90,000 -13 -49,000
f. Lower Mississippi.... 45* J 519,920 .. ...... -45 -519,920
g. Tampa Bay............ .. ...... 13 103,000 +13 +103,000
h. San Joaquin.......... .. ..... 15 ^ 473,000 +15 +473,000
i. Federal installations 50/ /227,000 78 852,000 +28 +625,000
Total 339y 3,863,020 374 6,301,300 +35 +2,438,280
V
a. Basic Program
Under the basic program operations expert consultations and field
investigations, as necessary, are provided on specific local and regional
water pollution problems by Regional Offices, field laboratories, the
Sanitary Engineering Center, and the headquarter staffs. Examples of
consultative services rendered during 1965 are as follows:
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7?
(l) To the State of Maine: An e-valuation of eutrophication and
its causes in Lake Sebasticook, and measures to be taken to control the
rate of eutrophicat!on and improve the recreational usability of the lake.
(2) To New York State: In relation to the lew York City water
shortagej an evaluation of the economic alternatives for meeting the
current water supply shortage and preventing future water shortages.
(3) To the Department of Agriculture and the Poultry Industry;
An evaluation of Long Island duck slaughtering and duck processing waste
so as to assist in a program of water conservation and in the development
of economical waste treatment methods.
(k) To the foundry industry! An evaluation of waste from various
types of foundry operations leading to water pollution control measures,
(5) To the State of South Carolina; An evaluation of a fish kill
on the Ashley River, a tributary to Charleston Harbor.
The laboratories planned or under construction will greatly increase
the resources available for providing on-the-spot assistance and consulta-
tion. The technical assistance staff in these laboratories will be able
to respond quickly and efficiently to the solution of existing or imminent
water pollution problems on location in the area serviced by the laboratories.
Many requests for technical assistance have already been received by the
field laboratories.
In contrast to the research activities at these field laboratories,
where the basic objective is to develop new and broader understandings
concerning a problem area, technical assistance investigations will em-
phasize the application of existing knowledge to solve specific problems.
Technical assistance primarily involves identifying the nature of the
problem, recommending application of known methods and techniques to solve
the problem, or if these are not available, recommending acceleration of
efforts either through research or other means for developing appropriate
methods for solving 'the specific problem. Through these investigations
new understandings of the basic relationships involved may develop
merely as a by-product not an objective.
In 1967 additional staffing of 11 positions and $31,000 is proposed to
establish a nucleus organization for conducting activities out of the Ann
Arbor and Boston laboratories anticipated to be completed in early fiscal
year 1968.
b. Recreation and Water Quality
The objectives of recreation and water quality studies are: (l) to
evaluate the deterioration in water quality, if any, that results from the
intensive use of a watershed and reservoir for recreational purposes, (2)
to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing treated waste water for recreational
purposes, and (3) to determine how best to eliminate poor water quality
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78
conditions that interfere with recreational use of water. Three studies
have "been underway since 1962 in the following locations: Indianapolis,
Indiana (Geist Reservoir), Jackson, Mississippi (Pearl River), and San
Diego, California -(Santee Water Reclamation Project). The Geist Reservoir
and Pearl River studies have concentrated on objective one, while the
Santee study has concentrated on objective two. A fourth study at Lake
Shagawa, Ely, Minnesota,was begun In 1966 which will concentrate on
objective three.
In 1966 the Geist Reservoir and Santee projects win be completed.
Three intensive sampling seasons on Geist Reservoir have been completed,
and a report on the findings of the project will be available before the
close of the fiscal year.
The Santee project has undertaken monitoring the community's health
following Its first time use of reclaimed 'waste :water for swimming this
past summer. Virological and bacteriological examinations of the reclaimed
waste water have been combined with a summary of recreational uses,
Including registration of swimmers and epidemiological surveillance of
the community and registrants.
The Pearl River project completed the pre-impoundment phase of its
study in 196^4- and began the post-impoundment phase In 1965. .In 1966
the post-impoundment study has been expanded. This past summer has been
the first recreational season after full impoundment and offers the first
opportunity to evaluate the effects of intensive recreational use on the
entire reservoir. In 1967 the post-impoundment study of this reservoir
will continue.
In 1966 a new joint technical assistance-research project was begun
on Lake Shagawa, Ely, Minnesota, which lies at the geographical entrance
to and near the headwaters of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, This
project will concentrate on how to best eliminate poor water quality
conditions that interfere with Its recreational uses, and on the problem
of eutrophication. In recent years, objectionable conditions due to
algal blooms have advanced to an alarming state. The recreation and
water quality phase of the Lake Shagawa study is expected to continue in
196'7, although the precise directions of the study will depend on the
results of the 1966 evaluation of4 the lake's eutrophication problem.
In order to attain wider engineering, economic and social acceptance
of water reclamation for recreation In the arid and semi-arid Southwest,
it is proposed that in 1967 the information gained from the Santee. project
be used in cooperative water reclamation Investigations and demonstrations
at several other locations In the Southwest where there is a strong need
for reuse of effluent.
Proposed program increase is five positions and $133*000 and Is for
the Southwest area and the Pearl River project.
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"VI
73
ct Klamath Basin Study
The Klamath Basin Study is designed to establish a basis for a water
quality management program within the basin. Special attention is being
given to the effects of pesticides and other contaminants from agricultural
land drainage on the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife
Refuges, The project also is studying solutions to the algal nuisance
problem in the Upper Klamath Lake and the Hamath River,
Data derived from the study will assist the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration , the Klamath Basin Compact Commission, and the States
of California and Oregon in developing and implementing intra and
interstate water pollution control policies, The long range result will be
water quality improvement arid the reduction or avoidance of pollution damage,
During 1965 and 1966 the study has been conducting chemical and
biological investigations in the Lost Biver Subbasin in cooperation with
the Oregon State Sanitary Authority. Other Federal agencies are being
utilized to provide monitoring of flows, exploration of the effects of
pesticides on selected wildlife and the effects of pesticides in plants
and soils. By 196? the program will develop a statistically reliable
measurement of peak and mean concentrations of pesticides and a water-
nutrient accounting system. By the end of 1967 sufficient information
will be acquired to permit computer analyses of past, present, and proposed
practices of water management by mathematical model in the Klamath River
Basin. These analyses will reveal water quality trends and- result in
recommendations on agricultural land management and basin water management
changes to improve water quality conditions and reduce or avoid pollution
damages. In order to carry out the planned activities in 1967 , additional
staff is required. Program increase proposed is 12 positions and $122,^20.
d. Demonstration of ; contr pi and abat ement of water pollut ion from ac j-d
mine drainage
Reduction of. acid pollution of the streams is a prime necessity to
development of depressed areas in Appalachia, and is a serious problem in
other areas as well. Acid pollution necessitates expensive treatment
procedures to produce water fit for .municipal and industrial use, corrodes
boats and "barges and bridges and other installations, destroys fish and
fish food organisms, prevents use of streams for recreational purposes 3
and creates unsightly conditions because of deposits of red iron oxides
in the channels.
While various measures for control or prevention of acid mine drainage
are known, their relative efficiency, absolute effectiveness and relative
costs of different measures under differing conditions have not been deter*-
mined. The purpose of the acid mine drainage pollution control demonstration
program is to determine these three things about the known useful control
measures, as well as to test and similarly evaluate other potential new control
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;n
measures. .The demonstration program is aimed at providing a guide to
general control programs to make them more effectire and less costly for
the results obtained. In view of the large amount of money involved in
a complete control program, amounting to an estimated $^00,000 per square
mile of area (surface and underground) directly disturbed by coal mining,
guidance from the demonstration program to increase broad control program
effectiveness is imperative,
A broad control program for acid pollution could be started immedi**
ately, with certain knew and tested methods such as backfill and burial
of the acid producing materials. However, for the most efficient attack on.
the problem, an attack that will necessarily involve a variety of control
methods to meet a variety of'situations, the program should include from
the start establishment of demonstration projects.
As any demonstration project site is given complete treatment to
prevent or control acid formation, it represents a finished step in any
general acid control program which may .subsequently be undertaken in
addition to its principal use for evaluation purposes. The work done to
control or prevent acid at the same time reduces the amounts of iron com-
pounds getting"into streams, and cuts down the contributions of silt from
lands disturbed by surface mining. Work on a demonstration site, which
might comprise ten to fifty square miles, would result in completion of
treatment on perhaps as much as two percent of the total area needing
treatment in a major drainage basin,
In 196^ a Joint HEW-Interior program was initiated with plans for
three demonstration projects to test and evaluate measures that could be
used to combat acid mine drainage pollution. Subsequently in 1966, three
additional projects were authorized for accelerating demonstration activi-
ties in the Appalachian Region. These six projects are or will be located
as follows:
1. Elkins, West Virginia
2, Mocana-q.ua, Pennsylvania
3. Western Pennsylvania
k. Central Pennsylvania
5. Western Maryland
6, Western Kentucky
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Elki n S _Wes i
It has been initially anticipated that construction of control measures
at the Elkins, West Virginia site could be initiated in 1965. However, due
to legal problans in getting permission, from the landowners , $820 000
appropriated for this purpose was extended by Congressional action for
obligational purposes to June 30, 1966, It is now anticipated that with
these funds plus the funds authorized for 1966, the contracts for construct-
ing all the planned control measures will be negotiated by the end of 1966.
Intensive ground surveys now about completed show: .an extraordinarily large
number (well over 1,500) of subsidence areas needing sealing treatment to
prevent air and water from moving into the underground mine galleries.
Many, of them present problems of difficult access as well as expensive
treatment .
Jfocanagua, Pennsylvania.
Planning and intensive ground surveys are proceeding. Initial con-
struction activity is proposed for 1966 with contracts to be awarded in
1967 for the construction of final measures proposed at this site. Water
quality monitoring and sampling is and will continue to be carried out.
The ground survey indicates that a much greater amount of backfill will
be needed than originally estimated and, therefore, the project is expected
to cost more than originally anticipated,
Other approved projects
Activities in 1966 and 1967 will include site selection, monitoring
streamflow and water quality, making stream biology studies, mapping topo-
graphy and geology and mining activity, making a survey to locate holes
where air or water have access to acid producing materials, core drilling
for subsurface geologic exploration and underground studies , and designing
and planning works for control and prevention of acid ' production. It is not
anticipated that any construction of control measures will be initiated
until 1967.
Transferring unobligated^ balances of cons true tioii funds
It has now become quite apparent from experience with the Elkins ,
West Virginia and Mocanaq.ua projects, that the construction activity
associated with these projects cannot be initiated in the schedule as
planned. Since funds were appropriated in 1966 to carry out more construc-
tion than is now feasible and since these funds will be needed in 1967, it
is proposed that an estimated unobligated balance of $1,^*26,000 representing
part of $2,^76,000 appropriated in 1966 be made available in 1967 and trans-
ferred to "Buildings and Facilities, Water Pollution Control Administration".
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Since the funds in that account are for construction purposes and. available
until expended, it would permit having these funds available when needed,
At present, all funds in this appropriation not obligated by the end of each
fiscal year lapse.
The following indicates the available construction funds, estimated
obligations, and balance estimated to be available for transfers
/ , 1966^
Total 1966S/ 1966B/ Unobligated
Site Estimate Available Obligation Balance^ ^
1, Elkins, W. Va. $1,1*70,000 $1,U70,OOOS/$1,^70,000 $ ......
2, Moeanaqua, Pa. 1,550,000 896,000 toO,000 ^50,000
3. Western Pennsylvania 1,100,000 300,000 ... ---- 300,000
k. Central Pennsylvania 1,150,000 300,000 ..,,,., 350,000
5, Maryland " 1,126,000 330,000 ,. ..... 326,000
6. Kentucky
Total 7,361,000 3,296,000 1,870,000 1,^26,000
SJ Includes $820,000 from 1965 authorized to be carried forward through 1966.
V Comparative transfer to Buildings and Facilities, FWPCA
SJ Proposed to be transferred and merged with the appropriation, Buildings
and Facilities, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
Mew Projects for
Four additional projects are proposed to be initiated in 1967.
Experience gained in the initial phases of this project has indicated that
to provide an adequate sampling of the wide variety of physical factors
affecting both the production of mine acid and the kind and cost of measures
necessary for its control, it will be necessary to extend this program to
other areas. These additional sites may "be in Ohio, Tennessee, West
Virginia, and Indiana, Distribution of the projects is guided by the types
of mining operations, past and present. The first year for these additional
sites will include site selection, water sampling ( monitoring, and other
previously mentioned planning activities. Mo construction funds are request
ed in 1967 for these projects.
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Inventory
All acid pollution sources are not completely known. Therefore, it
is proposed to initiate a national inventory to identify all sources. This
will include collecting and organizing data available from existing studies
and carrying out field investigations to cover areas not previously studied.
Major stream systems suffering acid pollution are known, as is the general
region within which such pollution is significant. There is as yet no
coordinated, topographic, hydrologic, and geologic inventory of the acid
pollution sources, detailed planning for control and restoration of
source areas requires such a base. Meaningful recommendations for effective
solutions to apply in a comprehensive national acid pollution control pro-
gram cannot be made until the extent of the problem is fully known. There-
fore, the initiation of this inventory is necessary,
The total funds in this appropriation for 1967 include $825,000 for
Department of Interior for participation by Bureau of Mines, Geological
Survey, and Bureau of Sport Fisheries and 33 positions and $8-51 }000 for
the Water Pollution Control program activities. Program increase is 9
positions and $358.000. New construction funds for 1967 are included in
the "Buildings and Facilities" appropriation.
e. Charleston^ jlarbor-Cooper RiverStudy
In response to a request "by the United States Army Corps of Engineers
a study was begun late in 196^ to determine what effect the diversion of
the Cooper River from Charleston Harbor. South Carolina, would have on water
quality in the harbor. Diversion of an estimated 27>000 cubic feet per
second of fresh water could cause a major change in the waste assimilation
capacity and .hydraulic regimen of the estuary.
Laboratory and office facilities for the study were built into a
large floating barge obtained from the Corps of Engineers. This barge is
anchored in the harbor. In 1965 and 1966 the project has conducted standard
routine monitoring of water pollution conditions In the harbor, a number of
round-the-clock intensive surveys of these conditions, and dye studies
whose results have been projected by reference to a hydraulic model of
the harbor that the Corps of Engineers has constructed. The project has '
also been called on to investigate5 and report on a number of recent fish
kills in the harbor and in the Cooper-Ashly River complex.
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It Is anticipated that all field work will be completed by the close
of 1966 and that a report on the study will be completed for the Corps of
Engineers on or before December 31> 1966. The work in 1967 will, there-
fore, consist entirely of engineering analysis and report preparation.
f» Lower Mississippi
Requests for technical assistance from the States of Louisiana and
Tennessee and an enforcement conference between the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare and the States of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
and Tennessee regarding pollution of the Mississippi River and its tribu-
taries resulted in establishment of this project.
The most significant problem being Investigated by this project is
organic pollution stemming from the manufacture and use of chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides. A major source of pesticide compounds pollution
has been located and appropriate action taken to significantly reduce the
amount of such pollution. By the end of 1966 the project will have
located the other sources of these pollutants and determined the extent
and pattern of pesticide pollution of the Lower Mississippi River, the
Atehafalaya River, and of the fish, shellfish, muds, groundwaters, and
public water supplies. Through field investigations, information is being
developed for a remedial and preventative program to control pesticide
pollution. As the program is developed, the States are furnished with the
information so that appropriate measures can be implemented to prevent
this type of pollution.
This technical assistance project will be completed in 1966. In 1967s
staff equipment, and facilities will form the nucleus for the start of the
Lower Mississippi comprehensive project.
g. Tajgpa. Bay Study
There is an immediate need to determine the cause of obnoxious odors
along the western side of Hillsborough Bay; which is an arm of Tampa Bay,
and to recommend measures for eliminating the causes of the odors. It
is suspected that the odors are attributable to the various sources of
wastes which are discharged into the, Tampa Bay area, including the ships
which used the Bay.
In addition, the Jacksonville District of the Corps of Engineers has
been studying the feasibility of erecting hurricane protective measures for
Hillsborough Bay. It is possible that the erection of hurricane barriers
could have an adverse affect on water Quality in the bay and further
aggravate existing water pollution conditions.
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ob
A study to determine the cause of the bay's odor problems and to
evaluate hurrican barrier proposals from the standpoint of water pollution
control is proposed for 1967. Upon completion of field work in the Charleston
Harbor area, it is planned that the laboratory facilities suitable for
estuarine studies be moved into the Tampa Bay area. In addition, the expe-
rienced personnel of the Charleston Harbor Study will be available to assist
in this study, which is of a similar nature.
This operation will be incorporated into the Florida-Puerto Rico
comprehensive project in 1968. In 1967* 13 positions and $103,000 are
requested to initiate this project.
h. San Joaquin Project
The United States Bureau of Reclamation and the California Department
of Water Resources propose to construct a drain to collect waste irrigation
waters from the southern and western portions of the San Joaquin Valley.
The initial plan was to discharge these wastes to the Sacramento-San Joaquin
Delta, which drains directly into the San Francisco Bay. Significant water
pollution problems in the bay area would probably result from the nutrients
and pesticides which the waste water is expected to carry.
In 1966, the Central Pacific Comprehensive Project will direct its
initial year of operations to this specific problem. It will conduct an
investigation to determine feasible means of disposal of agricultural
drainage without causing serious pollution problems. This study will pre-
pare an economic and technical feasibility report on the reclamation of the
waste irrigation waters. Salt concentration in these waters presently renders
them unfit for reuse for irrigation. However, if the waters could be treated
by utilizing electrodialysis or other processes so as to lower the salinity
content, the waste water could be recirculated for irrigation purposes and
pollution of the bay area could be averted.
While there are many economic and engineering problems requiring
further investigation, the proposal to treat the San Luis drain waste
has considerable merit:
1. In the event that the comprehensive studies confirm the preliminary
studies and conclusions that disposal to San Francisco Bay should not be
permitted, serious political problems would be raised concerning the right
of one group of beneficiaries to proceed with a project which would result
in substantial damage to another. Should treatment be found to be technically
and economically feasible, irrigated agriculture could continue to expand.
2. Since electric energy, which can be easily distributed, is the only
major input of energy to the processes, it is conceivable that the processes
can be applied at multiple small locations such as individual irrigation
districts or segments thereof.
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3. The local nature of the installations will make possible the
reduction of major drainage facilities and will make completely unnecessary
the construction of the major interceptor drain,
if. This process, if successful, will reclaim water in a water-short
area. The only new water that need "be added will be that lost by evapora-
tion in the process of irrigation and the small amount used to transport
the waste slurry to the Pacific Ocean. The economic appraisal of the
proposal will need to take into consideration the total cost of supplying
the irrigation water including that subsidized by the Federal government
and the savings which will accrue through the elimination of the need to eon*-
struct the major drain and the reduction in siae of the feeder canals.
In view of this, it is proposed that 15 positions and $^73*000 be
provided in 196? to plan and design an irrigation waste treatment plant
utilizing electrodialysis and other processes.
This project is considered to have the highest priority because of the
magnitude and cost of the drainage schemes proposed by the Bureau of Reclama-
tion, the need to meet without further delay the potential conflict in terms
of water pollution problems which would be caused "by the agricultural waste
discharges, and the importance of Central Yalley agriculture to the economy
of the State of California and to the nation.
i. Federal installations
On lovember 17,. 19^5 Eresident Johnson signed Executive Order 11258
requiring all Federal agencies to step up their efforts in the nationwide
battle against water pollution. The Rresident emphatically expressed his
objective that Federal agencies provide leadership in pollution control
through exemplary prevention, control and abatement of pollution from
Federal installations. This Order placed heavy responsibilities on the
Department for providing consultation, review and technical assistance to all
Federal agencies concerned. These responsibilities include the followingJ
(l) Review essential features of control and treatment measures
proposed for all new Federal facilities and buildings and advise on
their adequacy and effectiveness.
(2) Provide consultation services to agencies developing plans
required to be submitted to the Director of the Bureau of the Budget
by July 1, 1966 on a phased and orderly plan for installing such improve-
ments as may be needed to prevent water pollution from existing facilities
and buildings. All subsequent revisions must also be developed in consulta-
tion with the program.
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6?
(3) Review and report on the potential impact of any proposed
Federal water resources development project on water quality including
any changes considered necessary with respect to design, construction
and operation of the project.
(U) Brovide technical assistance to Federal agencies in their
review of loan, grant, and contract practices to determine the extent
to which water pollution control standards set forth In the Order should
be adhered to by borrowers, grantees, or contractors. Beport on results
to be submitted to the Bureau of the Budget by July 1, 1966.
(5) Beview the Department's own loan, grant, and contract practices
to make the same determinations and meet the reporting requirements.
(6) Make a comprehenaive study of the problem of water pollution
within the United States caused by vessels operated by Federal agencies
and develop such recommendation for corrective or preventive action as
may be appropriate.
In order to meet the high level of workload anticipated, the established
schedules and the fact that the objective of preventing, controlling and
abating wastes from Federal installations becomes paramount, it is necessary
to reprogram $227?000 to immediately implement the program. The manpower
and financial resources necessary to meet this need was provided by
reprogramming the major part of this need from the resources authorized
1966 for laboratory staffing.
To meet the continued activity anticipated for 1967, an additional 28
positions and $230,000 are proposed.
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U. Training
1966 196? Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Amount Pos. Amount Pos. Amount
$1^77,250 $k $707,550 +iU +$230,300
The growing shortage of skilled personnel in all fields of engineering
and science, together with the increasing diversity and complexity of water
supply and pollution control problems, makes advanced training a matter of
high priority. There is also a need to improve and accelerate the flow of
information resulting from, research and technological improvements to the
practicing engineers and scientists in the field* The training program
provides for in-service technical training of qualified personnel from
Federal, State and local agencies, universities and industry and for graduate
training of agency personnel in specialized disciplines. Proposed program
increase is lU positions and $131,600.
-(a) Technical training
In addition to the primary objective of upgrading professional skills,
the technical training program bridges the customary time-lag between
research and application to place new knowledge at the immediate disposal
of professional and technical personnel of State and local agencies and
industries responsible for water pollution control activities.
Up to now the technical training program has been directed from the
Sanitary Engineering Center in Cincinnati, However, with the establishment
of water pollution control laboratories, routine training courses will be
decentralized to the laboratories. Training at these facilities will be
tailored to the specific situations encountered in the various areas
involved.
In 1965 a total of 20 short-term courses were conducted for approximately
550 professional staff members of State, local and other organizations with
water pollution control interests including lUo staff members of the agency.
Two special in-service courses were conducted for agency staff in systems
analysis and handling of data for a storage retrieval system.
In 1966 and 19&7 "the Cincinnati staff will place more emphasis on
developing new courses and special in-service courses based on research results
and technological improvements. Emphasis will .also be placed on providing
consultation and assistance as requested by State agencies and others relating
to particular aspects of training and assist in developing training courses
to be sponsored by each of the water pollution control laboratories. Some of
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the existing courses may "be scheduled at the laboratories with technical and
administrative backings where necessary, provided by Cincinnati staff.
The proposed increase for 196? is three positions and $17,600 to strengthen
the headquarters activity with an additional professional staff member and
provide a professional staff member in the Ann Arbor and Boston laboratories.
The overall effect of this program will be to increase the opportunities
for training, thereby accelerating the application of new technological
knowledge in the field, and to make training courses more effective in terms
of meeting needs of specific areas. Decentralization to the laboratories will
provide for the training of larger numbers of people overall and for the
attendance at training courses of State and local personnel unable to receive
training at Cincinnati because of travel restrictions.
(b) Graduate training
Selected employees are assigned to universities each year for specialized
resident study at the graduate level. These assignments have increased the
number of key personnel with advanced training and have provided for the
development of highly specialised skills, including those in shortage categories,
Most of those who have completed such assignments have progressed to more
advanced duty assignments than those held before their training. For 196?
an additional 11 positions and $llU,000 are requested to further provide
advanced training with emphasis to be given on encouraging the development of
skills in highly specialized areas of science and engineering in short supply.
5. Research, training,L and demonstration grant services
1966 1967 Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Bos. Amount Pos, ' Amount Pos. Amount
31 $366,300 31 $14-22,000 ... +$55,700
This activity provides professional and administrative staff services
for four extramural grant programs; research, demonstration, and training
grants, and research .fellowship awards. These services provided by this
activity include technical assistance to scientific and engineering institu-
tions in the development of significant research and training project
applications, the professional staff management services for competent
grant review and award operations, the clerical analysis and processing of
grant awardsj and evaluation of grant productivity. The activity also
reimburses the National Institutes of Health, PHS» for payment and other
administrative services on research grants»
During its five year history water pollution control research,
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90
demonstration-, and training grant appropriations have increased more than
three-fold. This rapid growth in grant appropriations, combined with new
responsibilities in grant management and committee management, is increas-
ing the workload accordingly. By 196? an estimated total of %2 grant
projects will have been completed.
In 1966 a staff of three professionals were authorized for the labora-
tories, one eaeh in Ada, Corvallis and Athens, This staff will be the prime
informational resource on research and training grant programs in the geog-
raphical area served by a laboratory. They will "be available to (l) provide
consultation and advice to potential grantees and fellows; (2) explain and
clarify terms and conditions of applicants* eligibility; (3) assist in the
performance of headquarters grants management responsibilities "by making
site visits in connection with grant applications and awards; and (k) solve
specific problems which may arise on the conduct of grants. It is ultimately
planned to have similar competence in all water pollution control laboratories
(except Alaska).
Program Increase for this activity is $18,000 for additional cost to
reimburse KttH.
6. Public information and technical, reports
1966 196? Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Amount Pos. Amount Ps. Amount
23 $316,700 23 $361,14-00 ... +$¥»-,700
The main objectives of this activity is to (l) increase the public's
awareness of its need for water pollution control, and provide communication
skills to other parts of the Administration; and (2) provide technical writ-
ing, editing, and publishing services for the use of scientific and technical
personnel, and to effect better scientific communication within the field
of water pollution control generally.
a. Public Information
This activity works to build public awareness of the water pollution
problem. Working in cooperation with the Advertising Council, the radio
and television industries, and twenty- five national civic organizations,
it operates the "Clean Water" mass media campaign. It also works to
encourage and supplement educational programs conducted by the State water
pollution agencies and such organizations as League of Women Voters, the
General Federation of Womans Clubs, and the Junior Chambers of Commerce,
Support of this program maintains a high level of interest in water pollu-
tion control on the part of the public and helps build a reservoir of
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91
understanding that mil "benefit the cause of clean water for years to come.
b. Technical Reports
This activity aims to place technical -writing and editing skills
throughout the research programs of the Administration conducted in the
field. It also provides for technical reference services for these programs.
Scientists and techniciansj if they are to do their jobs, must have such
a basic tool as reference services. If they are to sucessfully communicate
the knowledge they develop, they must have the support of editorial and
publication skills. In 1966 such competence is being provided specifically
in the Ada, Corvallis and Athens laboratories.
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Construction grants and facilities demonstration services
Personnel compensation
and benefits........
Other expenses,
Total
1966
Estimate
1967
Estimate
Increase or
Decrease
Pos.
189
189
Amount Pos •
Amount Pos.
Amount
$1,28^,000 210 $1,791,000 +21 $507,000
k-39,000 _ kk-5, OOP .... +6, OOP
1,723,000 210 2,236,000 21 +513,000
Summary by Program
1. Construction grant ,
services 159 ' -/1,529,000 180 1,877,000 +21 +3kB, 000
2. Facilities demonstra-
tion services
Total
/19*1,000 30
359,000 »> +165,000
189
1,723,000 210 2,236,000 +21 +513,000
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1965 increased
the authorization for waste treatment works construction program from
$100 million to $150 million and authorized a new $20 million annual
program of grants and contracts to assist in the development of projects
designed to control the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated
wastes from sewers. In 1966, additional personnel and funds were provided
to meet the additional workload created by this legislation. The increase
proposed for 1967 is to annualize the cost of 62 new positions authorized
in 1966 and a program increase of 21 positions and $139j 000 to meet
increased workload related to $29 million in additional grants and
optimum workload from the 1966 grant increase.
1. Construction grants services
The responsibilities of this activity are to administer and
evaluate the effectiveness of the waste treatment works construction
grants program.
In 1967 the grant program budget includes $150 million or $29
million more than 1966 for grants to any State, municipality, intermunicipal
or interstate agency to assist in the construction of sewage treatment
works. The funds are allotted to the States according to a statutory
formula based on population and per capita income.
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93
Administration of the program includes reviewing and processing
applications , making grant offers, reviewing plans and specifications,
authorizing "bid advertising, reviewing bids and approving award of contract,
inspecting construction, processing grant payments 3 conducting performance
audits, and fulfilling collateral responsibilities relating to programs
dealing with prevailing wage, anti-kickback, contract work hours standards
and civil rights requirements,
Effectiveness of the program Is measured through the volume of
contract awards, population served, water quality improvement, reduction
in backlog and other factors, The work load of this activity can best
be demonstrated by the following statistics I
Work load statistics
~" 1967
fistimte Estjimte^ Optjjmum
Appropriations (millions ) , J90 4 ......... _ L $121 ..,,,,,,. $J£3 $15°
Obligations (millions) "*55*" '121" "* ~ " ' 140 " 150
Grant Offers 611 956 1,090 1,140
Plans & specifications 700 870 1,100 1,330
Construction starts 751 860 1,100 1,330
Payment Inspection
and audits 2,175 2,510 3,100 3,600
Plants completed 772 850 900 930
Note: Includes Appalachian program*
2, acilieammsi services
The amendments of 1965 authorized appropriations of $20 million per
year for four years beginning in 1966 for grants and contracts to assist
in the development of projects which will demonstrate 'new or improved
methods of controlling the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated
waste from sewers which carry storm water or both storm water and sewage
or other waste. The Act provides that 25 percent of the appropriated
funds may be used for research or demonstration contracts.
The purpose of this activity is to administer the program of grants
and contracts to stimulate the development of engineering and economic
data and the demonstration of methods that can be utilized to control
the pollution from storm water and combined sewers. Grant funds will
be used to assist communities to devise and carry out projects which will
demonstrate improved means of controlling the discharge of untreated
or inadequately treated waste from sewers which carry storm water or
both storm water and sewage, or other waste. The selection of grant
projects will take into consideration the extent to which they will
-------
demonstrate new or improved methods and the provisions made to develop
sound engineering and economic data that will be useful in the
evaluation of the method demonstrated.
Contracts will be awarded to universities, and other institutions
and individuals to provide additional information on solutions to the
problem. Contract provisions will "be utilized to .develop theoretical
concepts5 study feasibility, perform laboratory and pilot studies
and evaluate existing facilities,,
Administration of the program includes, development of scopes of
work for contract studies and investigationss contract management,
analysis of contract and grant proposals, review of construction plans
and specifications, and performance of field inspections. Data will
be analyzed to permit evaluation of the technical soundness and economic
feasibility of the methods tested, to enable recommendation of solutions
to this water pollution problem.
In 1966 and 1967 •> it is anticipated that there will be 25 grants
serviced and 50 to 100 contracts negotiated and serviced* In servicing
these grants and contracts, it is estimated that each year 125 grant
applications will be reviewed in addition to a number of unsolicited
contract proposals which cannot be estimated at this time.
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95
Executive direction and management support
1966 196? Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
Pos. Amount Pos. Amount Fos.. Amount
Personnel compensation
and benefits........ HA $901,900 252 $2,109,000 +lk& +$1,207,100
si/
Other expenses........ ...» 1,872,200^ ... 59*^000 .., -1,278,200
Total.,., ,.. 10k 2,77^,100 252 2,703,000 -KLl+8 -71,100
a/ Includes $1,1+1*1,000 for Public Health Service, Bureau of State Services
"Management Fund0"
The establishment of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
results in a major revision of management responsibilities,
In 1965 and prior years executive direction and management support
responsibilities for the water pollution control program was primarily
vested in the Public Health Service. Major management and administrative
support was provided by the Office of Surgeon General and the Bureau of
State Services (Environmental Health) staffs. Environmental Health
management and administrative support provided at headquarters and at the
Sanitary Engineering Center in Cincinnati, Ohio were budgeted in the Bureau
of State Services, Management Fund with funds for their support being pro-
vided by the "Water Supply and Water Pollution Control" appropriation. In
1966 $1,M+1,OOQ has been earmarked for this purpose representing support of
1^8 positions. The establishment of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration on December 315 19^5, outside of Public Health Service,
inevitably creates a different situation and creates new problems. Its
establishment requires a major revision of the existing organization to
effectively and efficiently carry out program responsibilities. It will
require providing its own executive and staff leadership and its own
administrative management support, -such as personnel management, financial
management, general services and management analysis. This for the most
part has been the responsibility of Public Health Service.
Initially the Administration is exercising its program responsibilities
through existing headquarters and field organizational structure, procedures,
staff and resources that were transferred to the Administration with the
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control. As soon as practicable,
the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary, will organize the
Administration, determine its method of operation, select and assign key
officials and arrange for the assignment of all other personnel.
Initially and for such temporary periods as proves necessary all organ-
izations concerned will provide the Administration the administrative support
and services which have been provided for the Division of Water Supply and
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9b
Pollution Control. It is proposed that the Administration develop its
own administrative support and services competences and arrangements,
as rapidly as possible. In 1966 this will occur on a step-by-step
basis, and incremental transfers made to the Administration of a
proportional share of Bureau of State Services (Environmental Health)
Management Fund positions, personnel, associated personal property,
records, real property, equipment, and other resources will be both
anticipated and accommodated. The target date for completion of
transfers is July 1, 1966,
The extent to which these existing resources will meet the needs
of the new Federal Water Pollution Control Administration has not as
•yet been definitely determined at this time.
This activity now Includes support of the headquarters staff for
executive direction and administrative support needs and for the water
pollution control programs at Sanitary Engineering Center in Cincinnati,
Ohio which has been provided through the Management Fund of the Bureau
of State Services (Environmental Health).
This activity also includes the financing of the Water Pollution
Control Advisory Board and Its executive secretariat. This Board is
established In accordance with provisions of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act to advise, consult with, and .make recommendations to the
Secretary on matters of pollution.
The lU8 position increase represents positions to be transferred
from the Public Health Service, Bureau of State Services (Environmental
.Health) Management Fund. Because of the many uncertainties still
involved in the establishment of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, no fund increases are being proposed.
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97
Hew Positions Requested
. Fiscal Year.,1967
Comprehens ive
(3) Engineer...............
(2) Laboratory chief.......
(l?) Engineer
(18) Scientist
(8) Engineer...............
(18) Scientist
2) Technical writer.
25) Engineer
(2k) Scientist
(Ik) Engineer.. ..,
(ll) -Scientist
(17) Engineering assistant.
Electronic technician...,, ,
Administrative assistant..,
(2) Secretary
(10) Clerical assistant...,
(5) Draftsman.
(9) Engineering aide
Draftsman
(5*0 Clerical assistant...,
(?) Clerical assistant
(6) Engineering aide.......
(5) Laboratory technician.,
Messenger..................
(20) ungraded positions,..,
Net adjustment due to project phase out....
Grade
GS-15
GS-13
GS-13
GS-13
GS-12
GS-12
GS-11
GS-11
GS-11
GS-9
GS-9
GS-7
GS-7
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-5
GS-5
QB-k
GB-k
GS-3
GS-3
GS-3
GS-3
(281)
-2k
•4H«H^M««
257
Annual
Salary
$51,165
25,020
212,670
225,180
17,922
22^,025
215, 06H
10^,706
82,269
106,573
6,269
6,269
51,810
25,905
^6,629
29,01+3
2k ,89k
20,7^5
2,135,064
-12^3825
2,010,239
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SB
Enforcement
Annual
Grade Salary
Engineer*.... ......... . ...... .... ....... . ..... GS-1^ $1^,680
(5) Engineer. ...... ..... . ........ , ......... . . GS-13 62,550
(5) Scientist.. ..... . ..... ....... . ...... ..... GS-13 62,550
(9) Engineer. . , ---- ,»...,.., ...... . .......... GS-12 95,571
(8) Scientist ..... ... ............ . ---- . ...... . GS-12 8U,952
(2) Engineer ............ . ...... ....... ........ GS-11 17,922
(it) Scientist........ .......... . ..... ... ---- GS-9 10U,706
(2) Administrative assistant.. ............... GS-9 1^,958
( 12) Laboratory assistant ....... , ............ GS-7 75 ,228
(5) Engineering aide ........ ... ..... ..,...,.. GS-5 25,905
(2) Laboratory assistant ................... . . GS-5 10,362
(18) Clerical assistant.. ...... ... ....... .... GS-5 93,258
(12) Clerical assistant. . .... ........ . . ...... GSA 55,692
Clerk typist.., ---- . ..... ........ ... ........ . GS-2
9 ungraded positions
105 766,698
Net adjustments due to project phase out..... -57 "J93 ,035
W 373,663
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(2
(2
Research. Training^ and Technical Services
Engineer ................................ ....... ...
(4 ) Engineer ........... ... ........ . ...... .........
(10) Scientists ..... .................. ..... . ..... ...
(9) Engineers ................... ..... . ......... ....
(6) Scientists. . . , ....... ......... ........ .. . . . .....
(3) Economists ---- ........ ....... ............... ...
Statistician ........................ ...... ........
(3) Grants management specialist . ....... ..........
(2) Executive secretary, D,G. scientific review,..
Training officer . ............. ... ........ .....
Administrative assistant . , ............ ........
(2 ) Facility manager .... ......... , . ..... . .........
Grants management officer .........................
(9) Engineer ...... ..... .............. ..... .........
(13) Scientist ... ---- ....... ....... . ...... . .......
(3 ) ADP specialist . . . . . ..... . ............. , .......
Administrative assistant ,»..,» ...... . ......... ....
(26) Scientist .... ....... , ............... ... ......
(22) Engineer . . . . ........... . ............... ........
(5 ) Engineer ................. . ..... » ..... . ..... ...
Librarian ........ . .......... ......................
Personnel specialist ..... . ........ . .......... ......
Digital computer programmer ..... ..... . .......... ...
Economist ....... .. ..................... . ........ ...
Data systems analyst .................. ....... .....
'Laboratory assistant ...................... .......
Statistical clerk. ......... ..... ... ....... . .......
,(9) Engineering aide, ... ...... ............ ..,.,...
(2) Administrative assistant . . ............ ..... ...
(2 ) Grants assistant ..... . ....... ...... ....... .....
Librarian ................. . ............ ...... .....
(4) Scientist ............ .. ......... ... ...... ....
(ll) Clerical assistant ................... ... .......
(6) Laboratory assistant ............... .... .....
(2 ) Draftsman ----- , ..... ..... ...................
Engineering aide. ......... ...... .......... ..........
(l^O Clerical assistant .... ....... ...... ...... .....
( 5 ) Laboratory assistant , ........ •„ . . ....... . ......
Draftsman ........ , ......... ..... ....... . ....... ...
(3l) Clerical assistant. ............... ...... , .......
(8) Clerk- typist ..................................
(2) Laboratory assistant ............ . ..... , .......
Wet adjustment due to project phase out
Grade
GS-15
GS-14
GS-l^f
GS-13
GS-13
GS-13
GS-13
GS-13
GS-13
GS-13
GS-12
GS-12
GS-12
GS-12
GS-12
GS-12
GS-11
GS-11
GS-11
GS-9
GS-9
GS-9
GS-9
GS-9
GS-9
GS-7
GS-7
GS-7
GS-7
GS-7
GS-7
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-5
GS-5
GS-5
GS4-
GS-4
GS-4
GS-3
GS-3
(231)
-flB
(173)
Annual
Salary
$17,055
58,720
146,800
112,590
75,060
37,530
12,510
37,530
25,020
25,020
21,238
21,238
10,619
95,571
1383Qli-7
31,857
8,961
• 232,986
197,1^2
37,395
7,^79
7,^79
7,479
7,479
7,479
6,269
6,269
56,1*21
12,538
12,538
6,269
25,076
62,722
31,086
10,362
5,l8l
72,53^
23,205
h,6hl
143,871
33,192
8,298
1,900,756
-369,092
1,531,664
93
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10,'.
Construction Grants and. Facilities
Demonstration Services
( 5) Engineer
(5) Engineer..,
(6) Engineer.
(3) Clerical assistant,
(2) Clerk typist.......
Grade
GS-12
GS-11
GS-9
GS-3
(21)
Annual
Salary
$53,095
¥1,805
13,923
8,298
16^,995
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101
Executive Direction -and Management Support
Grade
Administrative officer *..,......,.,.... GS-15
Special assistant for health affairs..,.....,. GS-15
Special assistant for legislation ,...,.,, GS-15
Director, laboratory, GS-15
Chief, program planning and deTelopment. GS-l^t-
General services officer ...-., GS~l4
Staff analyst. GS-13
(2) Analyst. GS-13
ATS? specialist , GS-13
Budget analyst, , GS-13
Supervisory accountant, chief, GS-13
Digital computer systems analyst,. GS-13
Architectural engineer , GS-13
General services specialist,...,...,..,.....,. GS-13
Contract specialist GS-13
Publications officer , GS-13
(2) Management analyst GS-13
Digital computer systems administrator........ GS-13
(2) Financial management specialist..,.. GS-13
Chief fiscal operations GS-13
Personnel specialist GS-13
Facilities planning officer , , GS-13
General supply officer , GS-13
(2) Program analyst. GS-13
Economist GS-13
(2) Administrative officer GS-13
(2) Administrative assistant GS-12
Program analyst , GS-12
Patent specialist GS-12
Budget analyst GS-12
Supervisory operating accountant * GS-12
Accountant ,, GS-12
(2) Management analyst GS-12
Digital computer systems analyst GS-12
Employee .stevelopment officer. GS-12
Procurement officer 1 ,. GS-12
Facilities planning specialist GS-11
Procurement specialist GS-11
Property officer GS-11
Employee relations specialist, GS-11
Employee development specialist GS-11
Management analyst. -. GS-11
Management technician GS-11
Grants fiscal administrative analyst GS-11
Systems accountant GS-11
Annual
Salary
$17.055
17,055
17,055
17,055
14,680
14,680
12,510
25,020
12,510
12,510
12,510
12,510
12,510
12,510
12,510
12,510
25,020
12,510
25,020
12,510
12,510
12,510
12,510
25,020
12,510
25,020
21,238
10,619
10,619
10,619
10,619
10,619
21,238
10,619
10,619
10,619
8,961
8,961
8,961
8,961
8,961
8,961
8,961
8,961
8,961
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Executive Direction and Management Support-cont,
Grade
Salary
Accountant. ...,.....,., OS-11 $ 8,961
Personnel specialist. GS-11 8,961
(2) Secretary GS-7 12,538
Secretary-steno , GS-7 6,269
(2) Budget analyst (trainee)..,. GS-7 12,538
Accountant technician GS-7 6,269
Supervisory voucher examiner. GS-7 6,269
Contract assistant » GS-7 6,269
General supply assistant. GS-7 6,269
(2) Secretary-steno GS-6 11,toil-
Supply clerk , GS-6 5,702
Secretary, GS-6 5,702
(2) Stock control clerk GS-5 10,362
Printing clerk, GS-5 5,l8l
(6) Clerk , ,,.,......,.., GS-5 31,086
(2) Voucher examiner.., : GS-5 10,362
Secretary-steno GS-5 5,l8l
(3) Secretary..,. GS-5 15,5^3
(4) Clerk steno, , , GS-5 20,724
(3) Supply clerk GS-4 13,923
Secretary typist , GS-4 4, 64l
(if) Clerk typist GS-4 18,564
Mail and file clerk. , GS-4 4,64l
Stock control clerk. ..,..,,.. GS-k k, 641
Appointment clerk typist GS-k ^>^1
Voucher examiner GS-k 1
(2) Accounts maintenance clerk GS-k <
(k) Clerk-steno GS-k U
Personnel file clerk. GS-3 ],
(7) Clerk typist GS-3 29^3
Telephone operator GS-3 '
(3) Mail and files clerk ,^ GS-3 12,j
(3) Mail clerk , , ' GS-2 11,J
(2) Messenger , GS-2 7,628
27 ungraded positions l66,4o8
(3.48) 1,132,801
Total, all activities., (64?) 5,213,362
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Grants for Water
Treatment Works
Construction
SECTION TAB
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103
Federal WaterPollution Control Administration
Grants for Waste Treatment Works Construction
and Sewer Overflow Control
Page
go.
Appropriation estimate ....... . .................. ..........
Appropriation language changes ...... ....... . ...... ........ 105
Amounts available for obligation ...... ..... . ...... ......... "
Obligations by activity ...... . . > .................. ........
Hew obligational authority by activity ...... ...... ........ 107
Obligations by object ......... . ....... . ................ ... 108
Summary of changes . . ..... ...... ...... .... ........ . ..... ....
Table on estimates and appropriations, . . ........ . .........
Narrative justifications:
1. Waste treatment works construction ............ ...
2. Sewer overflow and storm water control ...........
3 • Appalachian regional development ........ .........
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104
Appropriation Estimate
GRA1TS FOB WASH TREATMfflf WORKS CONSTRUCTION
AID SEWER OVERFLOW COHTROL
/Grants for Waste Treatment Works Construction^
payments under section 6 of the Water Pollution Control Act,
as amended (33 U.S.C. k66e), $91,000,000-: PROVIDED, That allotments
under such section 6 for the current fiscal year shall "be made on the
basis of $100,000,000: PROVIDED FURTHER, That none of the sums
allotted to a State shall remain available for obligation after
December 31, 1966.7
/For an additional amount for "Grants for "waste treatment works
construction", $50,000,000, to remain available until December 31, 1966,
and of which $30,000,000 shall be for grants for construction of sewage
treatment works in accordance with the allotment formula set forth in
the third sentence of section 8(c) of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended, and $20,000,000 shall be for grants and contracts
pursuant to section 6 of such Act to demonstrate new and improved methods
of controlling the discharge into water of sewage or other wastes from
For grants and contracts for waste treatment works construction,
and for research and development under section 6 of the Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended, to remain available until expended, $173^000-
000 of which, $20, 000, 000 shall be for grants and contracts pursuant
to section 6 of such Act, $150,000,000 shall be for grants for construction
of sewage treatment works pursuant to section 8 of such Act, and $3,000,000
shall "be for grants for construction of sewage treatment works pursuant to
section 212 of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 (Public
Law 89-^) • (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriation
Act, 1966j Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1966) «
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1.0-S
Appropriation Language Cb.an.ge
The 1966 appropriation acts provided appropriations of $121 million
for waste treatment grants in lieu of the $150 million authorized "by the
water Pollution Control Act, as amended, Prior to the passage of the
amendments to the Water Pollution Control Act, Congress appropriated $91
million for such grants and included language which permitted allotting
funds on the basis of $100 million and restricted the availability of
these allotments to a State for obligation purposes through December 313
1966, An additional $30 million for waste treatment grants was appropriated
as a result of the 1965 amendments and allocated on the basis of population
only.
The proposed language for 1967 will provide for the conduct of the
waste treatment grants program to fully implement the authorized level and
provisions for funding under section 8 of the Federal Water _Pollution Control
Act, as amended. The provisions that will be applicable in 1967 which are
not applicable in 1966 are as follows:
(a) Provide for the full authorized level of $150 million of which
$100 million will be allocated on the basis of population and per capita
income and $50 million on the basis of population only.
(b) All funds to remain available until expended.
(c) Provide for reallocation of these funds within 6 months following
the end of the fiscal year from each State not obligating the sums allotted
because of the lack of projects which have been approved by the State water
pollution control agency to States having approved projects for which grants
have not been made because of the lack of funds.
(d) However, prior to reallocating any funds from any State, if the
Secretary finds that the need for a project in a community in such State is
due in part to any Federal institution or construction activity, he .may
make an additional grant to such project which will in his judgment reflect
aa equitable contribution for the need.
The additional appropriation of $29 million and the application of the
above provisions will finance 187 additional waste treatment facilities and
make available an estimated $1.5 million for Federal impact provisions.
The proposed language also provides for carrying out the full intent
of section 212 of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 which
states as follows;
"(a) In order to provide facilities to assist in the prevention
of pollution of the region's streams and to protect the health
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1Gb
and welfare of its citizens, the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare is authorized to make grants for the construction
of sewage treatment works in accordance with the provisions of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U,S,C, l}-66 et seq,),
without regard to any provisions therein relating to appropriation
authorization ceilings or to allotments among the States. Grants
under this section shall be made solely out of funds specifically
appropriated for the purpose of carrying out this Act, and shall
not be taken into account in the computation of the allotments
among the States pursuant to any other provision of law.
(b) Not to exceed $6,000,000 of the funds authorized in section
4oi of this Act shall be available to carry out this section,"
The $3 million is the balance of the authorization and will support
the construction of 30 new waste treatment facilities. Initial $3 million
was appropriated in 1965.
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• '. 107
FEDERAL WATO POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIIISTMTIOI
Grants for Waste Treatment Works Construction
and Sewer Overflow Control
Amount s Available for Obligation
1966 196?
Appropriation. , , $llH,000,000 $173,000,000
Unobligated balance brought forward .. 31,638,731 31,^38,731
Unobligated balance carried forward .,...,.. -31,14.38,731 -Ul<-,i<-38,731
Total. ........ 1^1,200,000 160,000,000
_^______ Obligations by Activity
Page''!19661967Increase or
Ref. Estimate Estimate Decrease
111 Waste treatment works construction.. $118,200,000 $137,000,000 +$18,800,000
112 Sewer overflow and storm water
control., ,. 20,000,000 20,000,000 .....
Appalachian regional development.... 3,OOP..000 3»OOP»OOP _LI^JL
Total, , 1^1,200,000 160,000,000 +18,800.000
Mewpbligational Authority by Activity
1966 1967 Increase or
Description . Estimate Estimate Decrease
Waste treatment works construction.. $121,000,000 $150,000,000 +$29,000,000
Sewer overflow and storm water
control.,.. *;... 20,000,000 20,000,000
Appalachian regional development.... ..... 3,000?000 +3?000,QOO
Total new obligational authority... lUl,000,000 173,000,000 +32,000,000
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Obligations "by Object
In <~
uo
1966 1967Increase or
Estimate Estimate Decrease
25 Research contracts. $5,000,000 $5,000,000
Grants, subsidies, and
contributions ,
Total,
136,200.000 155,000,000 +18,800,000
11*1,200,000 160,000,000 +18,800,000
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.03
Summary of Changes
1966 enacted appropriation ,...,,..,..... $1^1,000,000
Estimate for 196?-................ 173,000.000
Total change , , , +32,000,000
Increases
A. Increase in amount funded for grants to States* +29,000,000
B. Appalachian regional development , +3,OOP8OOP
Set change requested +32,000,000
Explanat ion of Change
Waste treatment works constructj.on
An increase of $29,000,000 is requested for grants to States. This will
permit funding construction of essential waste treatment facilities at
the maximum level authorized by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Appalachian regional development
An increase of $35000,000 is requested for grants to construct sewage
treatment works as provided for under Section 212 of the Appalachian
Regional Development Act of 1965. The $3,000,000 will support 30 projects.
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13.-
Grants for Waste Treatment Works Construction
and Sewer Overflow Control
1957
1958
1959
i960
1961
1962
1963
1961*
1965
1966
Suppl .
1967
Budget
Estimate
to Congress
$50,000,000
50,657,000
1*6,816,000
21,101,000'
25,000,000 :
80,000,000
.
100,000,000
93,000,000-
100,000,000 /
50,000,000
173,000,000:^
House
Allowance
i.e.
$50,657,000
1*6,816,000
1*6,101,000
1*5,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
90,000,000
93,000,000
100,000,000
N.C.
Senate
Allowance
$50,000,000
1*5,61*7,000
1*6,816,000
1*6,101,000
50,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
90,000,000
93,000,000
91,000,000
50,000,000
Appropriation
$50,000,000
1*5,657,000
/
1*6,816,000" /
1*6,101,000
/
1*5,61*5,260 *
80,000,000
90,000,000 ^
90,000,000
93,000,000 v
91,000,000 ./•
50,000,000 I/
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11:
Grants for Waste Treatment Works Construction
and Sewer OYerflow Control
Estimate Budget
to Bureau Estimate House
of Budget to Congress Allowance
1957 $50,000,000 $50,000,000 I.e.
1958 50,65T,000 50,657,000 $50,657,000
1959 36,816,000 46,816,000 1*6,816,000
1960 46,101,000 21,101,000 46,101,ooo
1961 50,000,000 25,000,000 14.5,000,000
1962 77,.50o,ooo 80,000,000 80,000,000
1963 90,000,000 90,000,000 90,000,000
196*1" 100,000,000 100,000,000 90,000,000
1965 106,000,000 93,000,000 93,000,000
1966 100,000,000 100,000,000 100,000,000
Suppl. 70,000,000 50,000,000 N..C.
1967 173,000,000 173,000,000
Senate
Allowance Appropriation
$50,000,000 $50,000,000
45,657, ooo 45,657, ooo
46,816,000
46,101,000
45,645,260
80,000,000
90,000,000
90,000,000
93,000,000
46,816, ooo
46,101,000
50,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
90,000,000
93,000,000
91,000,000
50,000,000
91,000,000
50,000,000
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111
JL *t, **.
1966 1967 Increase or
Wastetreatment works construction Estimate Estimate Decrease
$121,000,000 $150,000,000 +$29,000,000
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1965 authorize
annual appropriations for 1966 and 196? of $150 million for grants to aid
in the construction of municipal waste treatment facilities to prevent the
discharge of untreated or inadequately treated sewage or other waste into
any waters. These funds are to be apportioned to the States and other
jurisdictions according to a formula prescribed in the statute.
The Act authorizes grants of 30 percent of the cost of construction of
necessary municipal waste treatment works or $1,200,000, whichever is smaller,
provided, however, that in the case of a project which will serve more than '
one municipality the maximum grant may "be increased to JJA,800,000, The dollar-
limitations do not apply if the State agrees to match equally all Federal
grants made from appropriations in excess of $100 million. The amount of a «,
grant may be increased 10 percent if a project is certified as being in
conformity with ,a comprehensive plan developed by an official State, metro-
politan or interstate planning agency.
As of December 31? 1965 5 supplemented in 1962 and 1963 by the Public
Works Acceleration Program, a total of 6,582 projects have been approved for
grants totalling $728 million. Local communities have contributed an additional
$2.7 billion to meet the total project cost of $3.^ billion. Approved projects
will serve a population of 53 million, and will improve the quality of water
in 55j000 miles of streams. Currently, there are 1,551 applications for
grants being processed or reported to be in preparation. These applications
would require $196 million in grants in support of projects costing $993
million.
The authorization of Federal aid in 1956 was accompanied by a 62 percent
increase in waste treatment works construction, with construction rising
from a previous 5-year annual average of $266 million to $l<-32 million -under
Public Law Bk-660. With the increased assistance under the 1961 amendments
to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Public Law 87-88) construction
expanded again reaching $539 million in 1961, $65!+ million in 1962, $815
million in 1963» and $600 million in 196U. The greatly increased stimulation
in 1963 reflects the additional $108 million grant funds under the Accelerated
•Public Works Program,
In spite of the marked increase, construction has still not reached the
level necessary to bring the municipal waste pollution problem under control
during the present decade. Prior to the grants program, construction failed
to keep up with obsolescence of existing treatment facilities and population
growth, to say nothing of the backlog of needs which developed during World
War II. Initial Federal aid in 1956 of $50 million per year increased
construction sufficiently to take care of population growth and obsolescence,
-------
but had. little effect on the backlog. Since 1961 there has been a steady-
cutback in the backlog of treatment facilities needed for sewered communities,
but this has been accompanied by an offsetting increase in needs for
presently unsewered communities. The rate of decrease in the backlog is
still inadequate to assure control of the problem in the near future.
Annual surveys of the municipal waste treatment needs are conducted by
the Conference of State Sanitary Engineers in cooperation with the Public
Health Service. The 1965 survey reports that 1,3^2 communities presently
discharging raw sewage require new plants for the treatment of waste for a
population of 11 million. An additional 1,337 cities and towns with existing
treatment plants require new or enlarged facilities because of obsolescence,
or because of insufficient treatment or capacity. These communities presently
discharge inadequately treated waste for a population of 17 million.
While unsewered towns are not usually major sources of pollution, they
frequently experience serious ground water pollution and other public health
problems because of individual disposal of sewage. The Conference of State
Sanitary Engineers reports 2,598 unsewered communities which require sewer
systems and sewage treatment plants for a population of 5.1 million. The
estimated cost of the present backlog of 5,277 needed projects is $1,8 billion
for treatment plants, interceptors, outfall sewers, and other ancillary works.
In addition to the $1.8 billion backlog, each year there accrue additional
construction requirements of $502 million (through 1970) to replace facilities
becoming obsolete and to meet the needs for the annual population increase in
the United States. This includes $21+6 million for replacing existing facilities
due to their limited life span, technical advances, or population relocation;
and $256 million to provide adequate treatment facilities for the population
increase estimated at 3 million annually.
The 1967 estimate of $150 million, which is the full amount of the
authorization, will ultimately help support approximately 1,1^0 projects
and stimulate waste treatment works construction totalling about $500 million,
as compared to 953 projects and a construction level of approximately $^03
million in 1966. In 1967 there will be 1,060 grant offers as compared to
611 in 1965 and 926 in 1966.
1966 1967 Increase or
Sewer overflow and storm watercontrol Estimate Estimate Decrease
$20,000,000 $20,000,000
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1965 authorize
annual appropriations of $20 million each for fiscal years 1966 through 1969
for the conduct of research and demonstrations relating to new or improved
methods of controlling the discharge into any waters of untreated or
inadequately treated sewage or other waste from sewers which carry storm
water or both storm water and sewage or other waste. The Act authorizes
grants of up to 50 percent of the estimated reasonable cost of projects which
demonstrate new or improved methods of controlling the discharge of combined
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113
waste, or $1 million, whichever is the smaller. The Act provides further
that 25 percent of the total amount appropriated may be utilized for con-
tracts with public or private agencies and institutions to achieve the
purposes of the Act, and places upon such contracts the same dollar limit
for any single project.
The discharge of mixed raw sewage and storm water into streams from
combined system overflows is one of the most difficult water pollution
problems confronting our urban areas today. Combined storm and sanitary
sewers in many of the Nation's municipalities seriously aggravate the
national pollution situation. During periods of storm water runoff, even
in small amounts, the sewers of some municipalities discharge flows of storm
water and sanitary sewage in excess of the capacity of intercepting sewers
and/or treatment plants. Thus, much untreated waste is bypassed into
receiving waters. This type of pollution has been found to be causing
serious problems in urban areas. In addition, storm water itself can be a
serious pollution problem if not properly controlled.
A recent Public Health Service inventory of municipal sewage facilities
shows more than 1,300 U. S. communities with combined sewer systems serving
25.8 million people. Another 630 communities of 33«1 million population
have both combined and separate systems. The 59 million people affected
by the combined systems represent 50 percent of the total sewered population
Of the Nation.
The purpose of this provision is to stimulate the development of
engineering and economic data and the demonstration of new or improved
methods that can be utilized to control combined waste overflow. Grant
funds will be used to assist projects which will demonstrate improved means
of controlling the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated waste
from sewers which carry storm water or both storm water and sewage. Contracts
will be awarded to universities, and other institutions or individuals for
studies to develop theoretical concepts, study feasibility, perform laboratory
and -pilot studies and evaluate the effectiveness of existing facilities
constructed to control combined sewage overflows, and to provide additional
information on the problem. Combined, the program of grants and contracts
will be administered to develop, test, evaluate, and demonstrate the maximum
possible range of solutions for controlling this source of pollution.
Of the $20 million requested, $15 million will be for grants and will
.result in about 25 grant-assisted projects. The $5 million proposed for
the contract aspects of this program, based on an estimated range of $50,000
to $100,000,. will support 50 to 100 such projects, A similiar amount was
appropriated for 1966 with appropriate action being taken to implement this
new program.
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1« '.,
i l.j.
B«~ r
1966 1967 Increase or
$3 , ODO , 000 +$3 3 000 ,000
Section 212 of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965
authorizes the Secretary of Health, Iducation, and Welfare to make grants
for the construction of sewage treatment works in accordance with the
provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act without regard to -
the appropriation authorization ceilings or to allotments among the States
as prescribed in the latter Act, A total of $6 million was authorized for
this purpose. Late in 1965, $3 million was appropriated for this purpose
to support 30 projects. In 1966, grants are anticipated to "be offered to
the full extent of this $3 million.
Sewage problems are widely manifest in the Appalachia region, result-
ing in a high prevalence of infections and other conditions which may be
attributed to the improper disposal of human wastes, Basic environmental
conditions are considerably worse there than in the more developed communities
of the Nation; pollution is particularly deleterious in Appalachia since
clean water is so vital to economic growth. There is a great need for the
construction of sewage treatment facilities to protect health, attract
industry, and develop the recreational potential of the area.
The $3 million requested, the balance of the $6 million authorization
under the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965} will support an
additional 30 essential projects.
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Allocations of Grant~in-Aid Funds for Waste Treatment Works Construction
State
or
Territory
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Mew Hampshire
Hew Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Worth Carolina
North Dakota
1965
Total
Allocations
$2,121,800
745,500
1,256,850
1,779,550
4,979,850
1,318,000
729,550
808,450
2,286,350
2,188,400
959,650
1,185,200
3,446,800
2, 099., 100
1,633,650
1,466,200
1,967,200
2,011,050
1,244,400
i,579,6oo
2,113,200
2,939,550
1,793,100
2,095,650
1,993,800 .
1,086,850
1,237,850
696,450
1,030,600
2,333,100
.1,280,500
5,263,606
2,373,800
I,l6l,700
1966
Total
Allocations
$2,661,760
797,320
2 ',045 '560
7,582,460
1,563,970
1,739,710
804,300
938,640
3,115,180
2,829,490
1,075,480
1,310,500
5,110,830
2,864,550
2,087,700
1,828,500
2,456,120
2,562,340
1,412,060
2,087,440
2,962,920
4,241,170
2,359,330
2,427,490
2,699,900
1,201,560
1,470,770
736,320
1,123,570
3,345,980
1,439,760
8,041,630
3,115,100
1,267,870
1967
Total
Allocations
$3,012,350
811,300
1,624,000
2,259,300
9,314,300
1,756,200
2,028,750
853,250
1,016,100
3,642,200
3,256,600
1,145,750
1,373,600
6,233,000
3,384,250
2,384,700
2,078,900
2,802,450
2,913,900
1,519,350
.2,430,150
3,539,550
5,077,750
2,743,250
2,653,850
3,177,950
1,272,700
1,646,400
777,950
1,212,750
4,027,600
1,533,900
9,890,950
3,610,0.00
1,308,450
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I.LO
Allocations of Grant-in-Aid Funds .f or_Wastet Treatment Jfprks Construct_ion
1965 1966 1967
State
or
Territory
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Total
Allocations
$3,1+5^,200
1 3 625 ,600
1,300,900
3,91^,200
1,01*6,150
1,922,1+00
1,150,650
2,117,650
3 , 572, 550
1,173,000
1,055,350
2,050,150
1S558,500
1,571,050
1,919»800
925,1+50
1,51^,950
2,11+2,800
13505,350
Total
Allocations
$5,068,570
2,025,620
1,577,750
5,790,910
1,192,190
2,310,5^0
1,302,070
2,698,070
5,165,060
1,325,250
1,111,150
2,717,^70
2,01+2,910
1,882 ,-500
2,572,200
9V+ ,630
1,1+98,370
2,502,930
1^83,010
Total
Allocations
$6,129,950
2,277,^+50
1,776,050
7,035,150
1,297,800
2,569,700
1,393,350
3,09^,100
6,222,500
.1,1+21+, 000
1,178,700
3S130,600
2,3^5,300
2,096,150
3,009,050
992,850
1,1+92,^50
2,71+8,150
1,1+73,250
Total 100,000,000 ^ 130,000,000 • 150,000,000
a/ $90 million appropriation with authorization to allocate on basis of
$100 million.
b/ $91 million appropriated with, authorization to allocate $100 million
on basis of per capita income and population. Remaining $30 million
appropriated and allocated on basis of population only,
£/ $100 million allocated on basis of per capita income and population.
Additional $50 million allocated on basis of population only.
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