FY20IO
EPA Budget in Brief
United States Environmental Protection Agency
www.epa.gov
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of the Chief Financial Officer (2710A)
Publication Number: EPA-205-S-09-001
May 2009
www.epa.gov
Recycled/RecyclablePrinted on 100% postconsumer recycled paper.
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Budget in Brief
Table of Contents
PAGE
Overview 1
Summary Resource Charts
EPA's FY 2010 Budget by Goal 5
EPA's FY2010 by Appropriation 6
EPA's Resource History 7
EPA's Resources by Major Category 8
Highlights of Major Budget Changes 9
EPA's Role in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) 13
Goals
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change 15
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water 21
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration 25
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems 33
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship 45
Appendices
Summary Resource Tables
EPA's Resources by Appropriation 55
EPA's Resources by Program Area 57
Highlighted Programs
Categorical Grants 65
STAG (State and Tribal Assistance Grants) 67
Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2008 - FY 2010 including ARRA)....75
Infrastructure Financing 79
Trust Funds (Superfund, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) 85
List of Acronyms 89
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Overview
Mission
The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
is to protect human health and the environment.
Budget in Brief Overview
The Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 Budget request represents the highest level of funding for
EPA in its 39-year history. EPA's Budget supports innovation, investment, and
technologies to advance a green economy, and a green environment.
The EPA's FY 2010 Budget requests $10.5 billion in discretionary budget authority and
17,384.3 Full Time Equivalents (FTE) to accomplish EPA's efforts to build a greener
economy, move into a clean energy future, and protect human health and the
environment in communities across the nation. The FY 2010 Budget provides a
substantial increase from FY 2009, reflecting an enhanced focus in addressing public
health and environmental challenges. Increased funding will be targeted at vital areas
including investing in water infrastructure, protecting our freshwater resources, creating
a foundation to address climate change and identifying research gaps as well as
chemical management. Below are funding highlights of the FY2010 President's Budget.
Invests in Water Infrastructure
The FY 2010 Budget requests $3.9 billion for the Clean Water and Drinking Water State
Revolving Funds (SRFs) to fund water infrastructure projects for states, tribes, and
territories. This 157% increase will help states and communities meet the challenges of
updating our nation's water infrastructure. The Clean Water and Drinking Water SRFs
provide grants to states to capitalize their own revolving funds, making water
infrastructure more efficient and supporting green jobs in the 21st century. Since
repayments and interest are recycled back into the program, SRFs generate funding for
loans even without Federal capitalization. EPA estimates that for every Federal dollar
invested, approximately two dollars in financing is provided to municipalities.
This historic investment will support critical projects that rebuild and enhance America's
aging clean water and drinking water facilities. Combined with $6 billion provided
through the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act in FY 2009, a total of over $11
billion will be invested through Federal capitalization grants into the Clean Water and
Drinking Water SRFs over the course of two years. This investment will encourage
efficient water delivery and "green infrastructure" projects to further promote clean
water. In addition, the Administration will pursue program reforms that will put
resources for these program's ongoing needs on a solid foundation. EPA will continue
to work with state and local partners to develop a sustainability policy. This will include
management and pricing for future infrastructure, encourage conservation of resources,
provide adequate long-term funding for future capital needs, and provide equitable
consideration of small system customers.
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Overview
Accelerates Great Lakes Restoration
The Great Lakes basin, which is home to 34 million people in the U.S. and Canada,
holds 20 percent of the world's fresh surface water, has 10,000 miles of coastline, and
contains a diverse array of biological communities. The FY 2010 Budget requests $475
million for programs and projects that strategically target the most significant problems
in the Great Lakes region, such as aquatic invasive species, nonpoint source pollution,
toxics and contained sediment, and habitat and species loss. This Initiative represents
the Federal government's commitment to significantly advance Great Lakes protection
and restoration. Consequently, the Initiative will use outcome-oriented performance
goals and measures to target the most significant problems and track progress in
addressing them. EPA and its Federal partners will coordinate state, Tribal, local, and
industry actions to protect, maintain, and restore the chemical, biological, and physical
integrity of the Great Lakes.
Initiates a Comprehensive Approach to Slow Global Warming
The FY 2010 Budget includes a $19 million increase for EPA to work on a Greenhouse
Gas (GHG) emissions inventory and work with industry sectors to report high-quality
GHG emissions data. This increase will also be used to develop environmentally sound
methodologies needed to implement a possible cap and trade program, which includes
offsets, as well as strengthen climate partnership programs. FY 2010 funding supports
the Administration's effort to develop a comprehensive energy and climate change plan
to support America's transition to a clean energy economy, and slow global warming.
Enhances Vital Research Efforts
The FY 2010 Budget requests an additional $18 million for research to help advance the
deployment of green infrastructure for water treatment, make continued progress on
computational toxicology (Comptox) models, increase the annual assessments and
updates of Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) data and support further
development of biofuels lifecycle and sustainability information. New research will
assess, develop and compile scientifically rigorous tools to assist in incorporating green
infrastructure into existing practices. IRIS and Comptox work will help improve the
management of risks from exposure to chemicals in the environment, and biofuels
research will provide decision-makers with better information on trade-offs and
opportunities associated with increased production.
Continues Superfund Cleanup
The FY 2010 Budget requests an overall annual appropriation of over $1.3 billion for
Superfund. The Budget request for the Superfund Remedial program is approximately
$605 million, sustaining the FY 2009 Enacted level. EPA will continue to devote more
resources toward post-construction activities, as well as beginning construction at new
sites and continuing to fund large and complex ongoing construction projects. In FY
2010, EPA estimates it will achieve 22 site construction completions for a cumulative
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Overview
total of 1,102 National Priorities List (NPL) sites (69 percent). These construction
completions will contribute to the increase in EPA's target from 30 sites to 65 sites.
Strengthens Enforcement
The FY 2010 Budget includes approximately $600 million for EPA's Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance program, representing the highest enforcement budget ever,
and a $32 million increase over the FY 2009 Enacted level. The Budget reflects this
Administration's strong commitment to vigorous enforcement of our nation's
environmental laws and ensures that EPA will have the resources necessary to
maintain a robust and effective criminal and civil enforcement program. Specifically, the
request includes an increase of approximately 30 FTE for additional civil and criminal
enforcement staff. Additional staff will enhance efforts to integrate environmental justice
considerations in EPA's programs and policies and fulfill environmental requirements for
other federal agencies' projects funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act.
Protects Our Nation's Water Supply
The FY 2010 Budget provides $24 million to fully fund five Water Security Initiative
(WSI) pilot cooperative agreements and the Water Alliance for Threat Reduction
Activities. The WSI was launched in 2006 to demonstrate, test, and evaluate
contamination warning systems at drinking water utilities. Adoption of effective water
security guidance on contamination systems will be issued upon completion of these
projects.
Moves EPA Forward
The FY 2010 Budget includes $3.9 billion for EPA's operating budget. The operating
budget supports the heart of EPA research, regulation, and enforcement activities that
are the foundation for science-based decisions. This funding is necessary to meet the
21st century challenges of climate change, public health protection, and environmental
preservation. Additionally, $1.1 billion is requested in grants for states and tribes to
invest in environmental programs that protect human health and the environment
The FY 2010 Budget proposes an increase to EPA's FTE ceiling by approximately 132
FTE bringing the total ceiling to 17,384 FTE. This workforce adjustment will allow EPA
to revitalize its stewardship responsibilities for the American people. EPA will use
workforce planning strategies to attract, reward, and retain a highly skilled and
innovative staff essential to fulfill its mission. The goal of this workforce effort is to
ensure EPA has a performance driven, results-oriented staff with the right mix of
technical expertise, professional experience, and leadership capability.
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Environmental Protection Agency's
FY 2010 Budget by Goal
Total Agency: $10,486 Million
Overview
Goal 5
7.5%
Goall
10.2%
Goal 4
16.6%
Goal3
16.8%
Goal 2
48.9%
E3 Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
D Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
D Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
O Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
13 Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals
may not add due to rounding.
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Overview
Environmental Protection Agency's
FY 2010 Budget by Appropriation
Total Agency: $10,486 Million
STAG
49.5%
LUST
$113 M
1.1%
SF
12.5%
EPM
28.0%
Oil B&F
$18M $37 M
0.2% 0.4%
E Science & Technology
H Inspector General
mon
D Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
U Environmental Programs & Management
D Buildings & Facilities
1 Superfund
D State & Tribal Assistance Grants
Note: Dollar totals in chart exclude a $10 million rescission to prior year funds. Totals
may not add due to rounding
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Overview
EPA's Enacted Budget FY1998 to 2010
(Dollars in Billions)
$12.0
$10.0
$8.0
IL
=$6.0
$4.0
$2.0
$0.0
19,000
18,500
18,000
17,500
H 17,000
16,500
16,000
15,500
15,000
D President's Budget
I Enacted Budgets
$8.1 $8.1
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fiscal Years
EPA's F7E* Ceiling History
18,366
18,284
17,951
n
18,100
18,000
17,909
17,832 17.8021
17,560
17,384
UEflifjKft ^^m
I
I I
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fiscal Years
* FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks X 40 hours = 2,080 hours), or the
equivalent number of hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees.
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Overview
$12.0
$10.0
$8.0
$6.0
$4.0
$2.0
$0.0
Environmental Protection Agency's
Resources by Major Category
(Dollars in Billions)
S Categorical Grants
§ Operating Budget
Trust Funds
D Infrastructure Financing
$7.8
$10.5
$8.1 $8.1 $8'4
$8.0
$7.6 $7.7 $7.5 $7.6
$1.1
1$3.9|
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN PB
Notes:
Totals may not add due to rounding
FY 2002 includes $175.6 M provided for Homeland Security in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act
FY 2005 Enacted reflects 0.8% Rescission
FY 2006 Enacted reflects 0.476% rescission plus 1 % additional rescission - excludes Hurricane Supplemental funding
FY 2008 Enacted includes a 1.56% rescission and $5 M rescission to prior year funds
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Investing in Clean Water
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
(FY2010 PB: $2,400.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $689.1M)
Requests a $1.7 billion increase for a total of $2.4 billion to allow states to address the nation's
aging infrastructure and replacement requirements to sustain and improve water quality.
Enables states to provide loans and other forms of assistance for construction of wastewater
treatment facilities, implementation of nonpoint source management plans, and development and
implementation of estuary conservation and management plans.
The proposed funds will be used to sustain communities, encourage and support green
infrastructure, and preserve and create jobs.
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
(FY2010 PB: $1,500.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $829.0M)
Requests $671 million increase for a total of $1.5 billion to support states in helping public water
systems finance the costs of infrastructure improvements needed to achieve or maintain compliance
with Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requirements and to protect public health.
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative
(FY2010PB:$475.0M)
Requests $475 million for projects that strategically target the most significant problems in the
region, such as aquatic invasive species, nonpoint source pollution, toxics and contained sediment,
and habitat and species loss.
Initiative will use outcome-oriented performance goals and measures to target the most
significant problems and track progress in addressing them.
EPA and its Federal partners will coordinate state, Tribal, local, and industry actions to protect,
maintain, and restore the chemical, biological, and physical integrity of the Great Lakes.
Other Key Water Investments:
Numeric Nutrient Water Quality Standards
(FY2010 Increase: +$5.0M)
$5.0 million increase will provide additional technical and financial assistance to states to
accelerate the pace of state adoption of numerical nutrient water quality standards.
Chesapeake Bay Program
(FY2010 PB: $35.1 M FY2009 Enacted: $31.OM, FY2010 Increase: +$4.1 M)
The $4.1 million increase will add to EPA support for implementing projects to further reduce
nutrients and sediment loadings to the bay.
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Investing in Clean Air
GHG Registry Rule
(FY2010 PB: $17.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $6.4M, FY2010 Increase: +$10.6M, +10.0 FTE)
Requests $17.0 million to support GHG Rule implementation activities and associated data
reporting.
EPA will design, develop, and test a data management system, develop guidance and training
materials to assist the regulated community, conduct industry specific workshops and develop source
measurement technologies for GHGs.
Cap & Trade Offsets Methodology
(FY2010 PB: $5.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $O.OM, FY2010 Increase: +$5.0M)
Requests $5.0 million to provide analytical support for proposed greenhouse gas cap and trade
programs, including offset verification. These funds address basic analytical needs to assess a
potential GHG cap and trade program.
EPA, in cooperation with other agencies, will develop protocols to measure the effectiveness of
offset projects, develop options to include early action offset credits and international offsets and
provide advice on effective, environmentally sound approaches to offsets.
Other Key Air Investments:
Renewable Fuels Standards (RFS)
(FY2010 PB: $21.3M, FY 2009 Enacted: $8.0M, FY2010 Increase: +$13.3M)
Proposal will increase EPA's Ann Arbor Laboratory (NVFEL) capability to assess impacts of
higher percentage biofuel blends and evaluate new vehicle & engine designs that handle those blends.
Air Toxics
(FY2010 PB: $3.3M, FY2009 Enacted: $2.5M, FY2010 Increase: +$0.8M, +5.0 FTE)
Funding will support the purchase of monitoring equipment, improvement of necessary risk
assessment tools, including the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA), analytical support to
states, including monitoring costs for schools, and 5 FTE in EPA's Regional offices to provide technical
assistance and coordination.
Research to Support Vital Environmental Concerns
Greening of Water Infrastructure Research
(FY2010 PB: $3.6M, FY2009 Enacted: $0.6M, FY2010 Increase: +$3.0M)
$3.0 million increase expands green infrastructure research to assess, develop and compile
scientifically rigorous tools and models that will be used by the Agency's Water program, states, and
municipalities to help advance the deployment of green infrastructure.
Biofuels Research
(FY2010 PB: $5.6M, FY2009 Enacted: $0.6M, FY2010 Increase: +$5.0M)
$5.0 million increase for a biofuels research initiative to aid decision-makers in better
understanding the risk tradeoffs associated with biofuels use and production.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
(FY 2010 PB: $14.5M, FY 2009 Enacted: $9.5M, FY 2010 Increase: +$5.0M)
$5.0 million will increase the annual output of new assessments and updates of existing IRIS
assessments.
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Computational Toxicology Research Program
(FY2010 PB: $19.6M, FY2009 Enacted: $15.1M, FY2010 Increase: +$4.5M)
Enhances modeling efforts to provide regulatory offices with detailed hazard assessment profiles
on thousands of chemicals of concern.
Managing Chemical Risks & Ensuring Homeland Security
Enhanced Toxics Program
(FY2010 PB: $55.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $47.1M, FY2010 Increase: +$8.0M)
Requests $55.0 million, a 17% increase, to enhance efforts to screen, assess and reduce risks of
new and existing chemicals.
Water Security Initiative
(FY2010PB: $23.7M, FY 2009 Enacted: $15.0M, FY 2010 Increase: +$8.7M)
Requests $23.7 million to complete funding for all Water Security Initiative pilot cooperative
agreements begun in response to the Bioterrorism Act of 2002.
State and Tribal Grants
Provides increases to EPA's State and Tribal partners in their core programs:
Water Pollution Control Grants
(FY2010 PB: $229.3M, FY2009 Enacted: $218.5M, FY2010 Increase: +$10.8M)
Public Water Systems Supervision (PWSS) Grants
(FY2010 PB: $105.7M, FY2009 Enacted: $99.1 M, FY2010 Increase: +$6.6M)
Categorical Grants: Lead
(FY2010 PB: $14.6M, FY2009 Enacted: $13.6M, FY2010 Increase: +$1.0M)
Tribal General Assistance Grants
(FY2010 PB: $62.9M, FY2009 Enacted: $57.9M, FY2010 Increase: +$5.0M)
Brownfields Projects (STAG)
(FY2010 PB: $100.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $97.0M, FY2010 Increase: +$3.0M)
Pesticides Grant Program
(FY2010 PB: $13.5M, FY2009 Enacted: $13.0M, FY2010 Increase: +$0.5M)
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Also Supports Important Investments
Superfund Remedial Budget
(FY2010 PB: $605.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $605.0M)
EPA will continue to devote more resources toward post-construction activities, including
beginning construction at new sites and continuing to fund large and complex ongoing construction
projects.
Strengthening Enforcement
(FY2010 PB: $600.5M, FY2009 Enacted: $568.9M, FY2010 Increase: +$31.6M)
The budget requests a $32 million increase reflecting the Administration's strong commitment to
vigorous enforcement of our nation's environmental laws ensuring that EPA will have the resources to
maintain a robust and effective criminal and civil enforcement program.
Import Safety: Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data
System (ACE/ITDS)
(FY2010 PB: $3.1 M, FY2009 Enacted: $2.1 M, FY2010 Increase: +$1.0M)
The budget requests a $1.0 million increase to link its systems with the ACE system at Customs
and Border Protection (CBP) to aid verification of supporting claims on imported goods and prevent
falsified documentation at more than 300 ports nationwide.
Improved Transparency and Information Access
(FY2010 PB: $2.0M, FY2009 Enacted: $O.OM, FY2010 Increase: +$2.0M)
The budget requests an additional $2.0 million to allow EPA to improve access to environmental
information via the Internet including improving document search capabilities, and improving the
content of EPA's Web pages and Web-accessible information.
Energy Efficiency at EPA facilities:
(FY2010 PB: $7.1 M, FY2009 Enacted: $5.1 M, FY2010 Increase: +$2.0M)
The budget requests an increase of $2.0 million for green power purchases and upgrading of
some safety and power facilities in order to continue meeting the three-percent annual Green House
Gas reduction and comply with Executive Order 13423.
Other Significant FY 2010 Changes
Superfund Tax Reinstatement
The Superfund taxes on petroleum, chemical feedstock, and corporate environmental income
expired in 1995. The Administration has proposed to reinstate in 2011 the Superfund taxes as they
were last in effect.
The Superfund taxes are estimated to generate a revenue level of over $1 billion in 2011 to over
$2 billion annually by 2019.
The revenues will be placed in the Superfund Trust Fund and would be available for appropriation
by Congress to support the clean up of the Nation's most contaminated sites within the Superfund
program.
Drinking Water & Wastewater Systems
(FY2010PB: $O.OM, FY 2009 Enacted: $5.0M, FY 2010 Decrease:-$5.0M)
Eliminates the Homeland Security grants for drinking water and wastewater systems due to low
use of funding over a number of years and decreased state demand for these funds resulting from
completion of high priority activities associated with the Bioterrorism Act of 2002.
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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
EPA's Role in the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
The purpose of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Recovery Act) of 2009 is
to create and save jobs, jumpstart the U.S. economy, and build the foundation for long-
term economic growth. The Recovery Act targets projects that will modernize the
nation's critical infrastructure, encourage America's energy independence, expand
educational opportunities, increase access to health care, provide tax relief, and protect
those in greatest need.
The Recovery Act provides $7.22 billion for specific programs administered by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Program-Specific Recovery Act Plans
represent the heart of EPA's contribution to the nation's economic stimulus. The six
Program Plans are:
1. Clean Water Recovery Act Plan: Investing in construction of water quality
control and wastewater treatment infrastructure.
2. Drinking Water Recovery Act Plan: Ensuring clean drinking water through
infrastructure investments such as treatment and distribution.
3. Brownfields Recovery Act Plan: Cleaning up former industrial sites for new
commercial or community use, and training and placing persons in environmental
careers.
4. Underground Storage Tank Recovery Act Plan: Cleaning up petroleum leaks
from underground storage tanks.
5. Superfund Recovery Act Plan: Cleaning up uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites.
6. Clean Diesel Recovery Act Plan: Supporting the use, development, and
commercialization of strategies to reduce diesel emissions from older engines.
Funding these programs will protect and increase "green" jobs, sustain communities,
restore and preserve the economic viability of property, promote scientific advances and
technological innovation, and ensure a safer, healthier environment. These programs
were chosen carefully, both for their ability to put people to work and their environmental
benefit. Grants, interagency agreements, and contracts will be awarded quickly.
Progress and results will be monitored in detail to ensure that American workers and
taxpayers reap the economic and social benefits of these investments.
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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
EPA's Role in the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Summary Table by Appropriation
Amount
(Dollars in
Appropriation Program Thousands)
State and Tribal Assistance
Grants Total
$6,400,000
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
Clean Water State Revolving Fund $4,000,000
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund $2,000,000
Diesel Emissions Reduction Act $300,000
Brownfields $100,000
Total $200,000
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Total
$200,000
$600,000
Inspector General
Superfund Remedial Actions
Total
$600,000
$20,000
Inspector General
$20,000
Agency Total
$7,220,000
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Strategic Goal: Protect and improve the air so it is healthy to breathe and risks to
human health and the environment are reduced. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by
enhancing partnerships with businesses and other sectors.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
^ -^
10.2% of Budget
1 - Healthier Outdoor Air
2 - Healthier Indoor Air
3 - Protect the Ozone Layer
4 - Radiation
5 - Reduce Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
6 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 1 Total *
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$689,405
$44,530
$18,225
$41,463
$143,511
$100,018
$1,037,152
FY2010
President's
Budget
$703,302
$45,607
$18,730
$43,583
$155,751
$102,800
$1,069,773
Difference
FY 2009 EN to
FY2010PresBud
$13,897
$1,077
$505
$2,120
$12,240
$2,782
$32,621
Workyears
2,675
2,673
-2
Numbers may not add due to rounding
EPA implements the Clean Air and Global Climate Change goal through national, state,
Tribal, local and Regional programs designed to provide healthier outdoor and indoor air
for all Americans, reduce greenhouse gases, protect the stratospheric ozone layer,
minimize the risks from radiation releases, and enhance science and research. These
programs are all founded on several common principles: using health and
environmental risks to set priorities, streamlining programs through regulatory reforms;
encouraging market-based approaches; facilitating deployment of cost-effective
technologies; promoting energy efficiency and clean energy supply; using sound
science, and maintaining partnerships with states, tribes, local governments, non-
governmental organizations, and industry.
EPA's key clean air programs - including those addressing six common "criteria"
pollutants: particulate matter, ozone, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon
monoxide; acid rain; air toxics; indoor air; radiation and stratospheric ozone depletion -
focus on some of the highest health and environmental risks faced by the Agency.
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
These programs have achieved results. Every year, state and Federal air pollution
programs, established under the Clean Air Act, prevent tens of thousands of premature
mortalities, millions of incidences of chronic and acute illness, tens of thousands of
hospitalizations and emergency room visits, and millions of lost work days.
Clean Air
Cleaner cars, industries and consumer products have contributed to cleaner air for
much of the U.S. Since 1990, nationwide air quality for the six criteria air pollutants, for
which there are national ambient air quality standards, has improved significantly.
Despite this progress, millions of Americans still live in areas that exceed one or more of
the national standards. Ground-level ozone and particle pollution still present
challenges in many areas of the country. In 2008, EPA promulgated more protective
standards for ozone and lead. In FY 2010, the Agency will continue to work with state
agencies to ensure active progress toward meeting these new standards. In FY 2010,
EPA will promulgate nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide primary standards and propose
secondary standards for those criteria pollutants, and the Agency will consider further
strengthening the standards for particle pollution.
EPA's NOX SIP Call, Clean Air Interstate Rule, and Acid Rain Program have contributed
to significant improvements in air quality and environmental health. The required
reductions in sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen have reduced ozone and particle
pollution, improved visibility in our treasured national parks, and led to significant
decreases in atmospheric deposition. The decreases in deposition have contributed to
improved water quality in lakes and streams. Specifically, between the 1989-1991 and
2005-2007 time periods, wet sulfate deposition decreased by more than 30 percent and
wet inorganic nitrogen decreased by approximately 15 percent in the eastern U.S.
Scientists have observed measurable improvements and signs of recovery in a number
of water bodies. Lake and stream water acidity is decreasing in three of the four acid-
sensitive regions being monitored. A critical load analysis shows that emission
reductions achieved by the Acid Rain Program have resulted in improved environmental
conditions and increased ecosystem protection in the Adirondack Mountain region.
From 1990 to 2005, emissions of air toxics declined by 42 percent - the result of a
number of regulations on industrial and transportation sources. EPA has issued 96
industrial air toxics standards, affecting 174 categories of industry. When fully
implemented, these standards will reduce 1.7 million tons of air toxics every year. In FY
2010, EPA will continue to review and revise, as necessary, stationary air toxic
standards to address any legal deficiencies within these rules, as well as address risk
and technology developments. EPA will complete initial air toxics monitoring and
analysis work at 50-100 schools nationwide. In FY 2010, EPA will analyze the initial
results from this assessment and determine how best to proceed, which could involve
additional monitoring.
EPA also will continue efforts, begun in 2009, to set air toxic standards for utilities, in
light of the 2008 vacature of the Clean Air Mercury Rule. EPA also will continue to fulfill
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
its obligation to set toxic standards for area sources. To date, EPA has promulgated
rules for 51 of the 70 listed area source categories. EPA estimates that in 2030 the
Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule would reduce total emissions of mobile source air toxics
from vehicles and fuels by 330 thousand tons and VOC emissions (precursors to ozone
and PM2.5) by over 1 million tons. In FY 2010, EPA will continue its ongoing program
to review and revise, as necessary, new source performance standards (NSPS) for
criteria pollutant emissions from stationary sources.
In FY 2010, EPA will promulgate more stringent nitrogen oxide and particulate matter
emission standards for ocean-going vessels. The designation of U.S. coastal areas as
Emission Control Areas (EGA) pursuant to MARPOL Annex VI fuel sulfur provisions
also will be critical to achieving particulate matter reductions from ocean-going vessels.
In FY 2010, EPA will establish standards for U.S. emissions control areas while working
with the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
In FY 2010, EPA also will continue to implement comprehensive certification and
compliance programs for existing vehicle, engine, and fuel regulations including the Tier
II light-duty (LD) vehicle program, the Mobile Sources Air Toxics (MSAT) programs, the
2007-2010 Clean Heavy-Duty (HD) Diesel standards, and the Clean Non-Road Diesel
Tier 4 standards (and earlier nonroad standards) in order to ensure the public health
and environmental benefits of these clean air programs.
Climate Protection
For more than a decade, businesses and other organizations have partnered with EPA,
through voluntary climate protection programs, to pursue common sense approaches to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Voluntary programs, such as Energy Star and
SmartWay Transport, have increased the use of energy-efficient products and practices,
spurred investment in clean energy development, and reduced emissions of carbon
dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases with very high global warming
potentials. The Agency's Clean Automotive Technology program develops cost-effective
advanced clean and low greenhouse gas emitting engines and hybrid technologies.
Through this program, EPA transfers innovations and know-how to automotive and
truck companies wanting to commercialize significant elements of these practical low-
GHG innovations. These partnership programs break down market barriers and
promote the deployment of cost-effective technologies and processes designed to yield
greenhouse gas reductions over the life of the investment.
In FY 2010, EPA will complete development of the Greenhouse Gas mandatory
reporting rule and start the implementation activities necessary for the rule. The
purpose of the rule is to collect accurate and comprehensive emissions data to inform
future policy decisions. In addition, funding also is included to allow for work on the
necessary steps to address greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act and toward
implementing a comprehensive climate bill.
17
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Energy
EPA, under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, is responsible
for implementing regulations to ensure that gasoline sold in the United States contains a
minimum volume of renewable fuel. In FY 2010, EPA will continue work on establishing
new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2) and will implement several other actions
required by the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 and EISA. The RFS2 program aims
to increase the volume of renewable fuel required to be blended into gasoline from 9
billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. In FY 2010, EPA will invest
increased resources to upgrade its vehicle and fuel testing capability at the National
Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) to certify and assess the emissions
and fuel economy performance of vehicles and engines using increased volumes of
renewable fuel. EPA also will invest resources in other EISA implementation activities,
including information technology to establish and manage a renewable fuels credit
trading system. EPA estimates that the RFS program could cut petroleum use by up to
3.9 billion gallons and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 13.1 million metric tons
annually by 2012the equivalent of eliminating the greenhouse gas emissions of 2.3
million cars.
Reduce Risks to Indoor Air and Radon Programs
The Indoor Air Program characterizes the risks of indoor air pollutants to human health,
develops techniques for reducing those risks, and educates the public about those
techniques and other actions they can take to reduce their risks from indoor air.
Through voluntary partnerships with non-governmental and professional organizations,
EPA educates and encourages individuals, schools, industry, the health-care
community, and others to take action to reduce health risks in indoor environments
using a variety of approaches, including national public awareness and media
campaigns, as well as community-based outreach and education. EPA also uses
technology-transfer to improve the design, operation, and maintenance of buildings -
including schools, homes, and workplaces - to promote healthier indoor air. EPA also
carries out a national radon program that encourages and facilitates voluntary national,
regional, state, and Tribal programs and activities that support initiatives targeted to
radon testing and mitigation, as well as to radon resistant new construction. Radon is
second only to smoking as a cause of lung cancer.
Stratospheric Ozone - Domestic and Montreal Protocol
In FY 2010, EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program will continue to implement
the provisions of the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol), and contribute to the reduction and
control of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in the U.S. EPA will continue to lower
health risks to the American public associated with exposure to UV radiation, including
preventing an estimated 6.3 million cases of fatal skin cancer in the U.S. In addition,
through the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol, EPA will invest in cost-effective
projects that are designed to build capacity and eliminate ODS production and
18
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Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
consumption in over 60 developing countries. The Multilateral Fund continues to
support over six thousand activities in 148 countries, and when fully implemented, will
prevent annual emissions of more than 431 thousand metric tons of ODS. Additional
projects will be considered and approved in accordance with Multilateral Fund
guidelines.
Radiation
In FY 2010, EPA will continue upgrading the national radiation monitoring system to
expand the population and geographic areas covered, and to increase the speed at
which the system samples the air, analyzes the measurements, and transmits the
results. Deployable monitors will be maintained in ready condition so that during
emergencies or unusual events they can be quickly transported to monitor radiation
levels at locations near and downwind from the initial point of release. The Agency will
continue to upgrade laboratory response capacity and capability for radiological
incidents. EPA also will continue to improve the readiness of the Radiological
Emergency Response Team (RERT) to support Federal response and recovery
operations.
Research
EPA, in accordance with the Administration's policy of scientific integrity, conducts
research to provide a scientific foundation for the Agency's actions to protect the air all
Americans breathe. The Agency's air research program supports implementation of the
Clean Air Act, especially the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), which
sets limits on how much tropospheric ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and lead, are allowed in the atmosphere. EPA also conducts
research on hazardous air pollutants, also known as air toxics.
In FY 2010, the Agency's air research program will continue research to understand the
sources and composition of air pollution; develop methods for controlling sources'
emissions; study atmospheric chemistry and model U.S. air quality; investigate
Americans' exposure to air pollution; and conduct epidemiological, clinical, and
toxicological studies of air pollution's health effects. In FY2010, the program will
continue to focus on the effects of air pollution near roads on human health, as well as
the development and evaluation of effective mitigation strategies. The Agency also will
fund research grants to universities and nonprofits to study topics such as the
relationship between long-term exposure to fine particles and air pollution mixtures in
the atmosphere and the frequency and progression of pulmonary and cardiovascular
diseases. In FY 2010, EPA requests $83.2 million for the Clean Air Research program
to continue studying Americans' exposure to air pollution, and the links between
sources of pollution and health outcomes.
Climate Change Research is discussed in the Goal 4 overview section.
19
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20
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Strategic Goal: Ensure drinking water is safe. Restore and maintain oceans,
watersheds, and their aquatic ecosystems to protect human health, support economic
and recreational activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants, and wildlife.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
< ^
48.9% of Budget
1 - Protect Human Health
2 - Protect Water Quality
3 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 2 Total *
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$1,192,480
$1,546,946
$140,190
$2,879,616
FY2010
President's
Budget
$1,827,503
$3,168,934
$140,865
$5,137,302
Difference
FY 2009 EN to
FY2010PresBud
$635,023
$1,621,988
$675
$2,257,686
Workyears
2,879
2,893
14
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
EPA achieves its Clean and Safe Water goal through programs designed to secure our
national drinking water and to protect and improve surface waters, such as our rivers,
lakes, and coastal waters. In FY 2010, EPA will collaborate with states and tribes to
achieve clean and safe water objectives. The Agency also will support additional water
initiatives, including carbon sequestration, water security, and sustainable infrastructure.
In FY 2010, EPA has increased its commitment toward upgrading drinking water and
wastewater infrastructure with a substantial combined investment of $3.9 billion for the
Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs. This investment will
both facilitate continued progress toward drinking water and clean water goals, and
result in increased job opportunities at the local level. In conjunction with this
investment, EPA will develop a sustainability policy including management and pricing
to encourage conservation and adequate long-term funding for future capital needs.
The National Water Program will continue to place emphasis on sustainable
infrastructure, watershed stewardship, full cost pricing, watershed based approaches,
water efficiencies, and best practices through Environmental Management Systems.
EPA will specifically focus on innovative financing and leveraging for infrastructure
sustainability, green infrastructure, banking for wetlands conservation, and trading
21
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
among point sources and non-point sources for water quality upgrades. In FY 2010, the
Agency will continue advancing the water quality monitoring initiative and a water quality
standards strategy under the Clean Water Act, as well as, important rules and activities
under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and
surveillance will help advance water security nationwide.
Drinking Water
During FY 2010, EPA, the states and community water systems will build on past
successes while working toward the FY 2010 goal of assuring that 90 percent of the
population served by community water systems receives drinking water that meets all
applicable health-based standards. To promote compliance with drinking water
standards, states carry out a variety of activities, such as conducting onsite sanitary
surveys of water systems and working with small systems to improve their capabilities.
EPA will work to improve compliance rates by providing guidance, training, and
technical assistance; ensuring proper certification of water system operators; promoting
consumer awareness of drinking water safety; maintaining the rate of system sanitary
surveys and onsite reviews; and taking appropriate action for noncompliance. In FY
2010, states and EPA will process Underground Injection Control permit applications for
experimental carbon sequestration and gather information from these pilots to facilitate
the permitting of large-scale commercial carbon sequestration in the future. To help
ensure that water is safe to drink, EPA provides $1.5 billion, nearly doubling prior year
funding, for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.
Clean Water
In FY 2010, EPA will continue to collaborate with states and tribes to make progress
toward EPA's clean water goals. EPA will implement core clean water programs and
apply promising innovations on a watershed basis to accelerate water quality
improvements. Building on 30 years of clean water successes, EPA, in conjunction with
states and tribes, will implement the Clean Water Act by focusing on: TMDLs and
NPDES permits built upon scientifically sound water quality standards, effective water
monitoring, strong programs for controlling nonpoint sources of pollution, stringent
discharge permit programs, and revolving fund capitalization grants to our partners to
build, revive, and "green" our aging infrastructure. Green infrastructure research will be
expanded to assess, develop and compile scientifically rigorous tools and models that
will be used by OW, States, and municipalities.
The Agency's FY 2010 request continues the monitoring initiative begun in 2005 to
strengthen the nationwide monitoring network and complete the baseline water quality
assessment of the nation's waters. These efforts are resulting in scientifically
defensible water quality data and information essential for cleaning up and protecting
the nation's waters. Progress in improving coastal and ocean waters, documented in
the National Coastal Condition Report, will be maintained by focusing on: assessing
coastal conditions, reducing vessel discharges, implementing coastal nonpoint source
pollution programs, managing dredged material, and supporting international marine
22
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
pollution control. EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water
State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) to enable EPA partners to improve wastewater
treatment, non-point sources of pollution, and estuary revitalization. Realizing the long-
term benefits derived from CWSRF, EPA is roughly tripling its CWSRF commitment to
$2.4 billion in FY2010.
Nutrients
Monitoring data shows that excessive nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) remain one
of the top causes of water quality impairment in the U.S. This request includes a $5.0
million increase to accelerate the development and adoption of numeric nutrient
standards by delegated states/tribes water quality programs, thereby boosting the
efficiency and effectiveness of both point source techniques (NPDES permitting and
TMDL development) and non-point source plans using watershed-based strategies.
Developing numeric water quality criteria and effectively translating them into TMDLs
and NPDES permits is critical to preventing and remediating hypoxia and other
problems caused by excessive nutrients. Current narrative nutrient standards are more
difficult to interpret and implement. While states are charged with developing water
quality criteria for achieving and maintaining designated beneficial uses of surface
water, twenty-five states do not have numeric standards. The remaining twenty-five
states have very limited numeric standards. Recent litigation and the resulting
determination by EPA to craft numeric nutrient standards for the State of Florida
underscores the importance of this FY 2010 request.
Homeland Security
EPA has a major role in supporting the protection of the nation's critical water
infrastructure from terrorist threats. In FY 2010, EPA will continue to support the Water
Security Initiative (WSI) pilot program and water sector-specific agency responsibilities,
including the Water Alliance for Threat Reduction (WATR), to protect the nation's critical
water infrastructure. The FY 2010 budget request provides $31.5 million for water
security efforts. This includes a request of $22.4 million for WSI and $1.3 million for
WATR which will continue efforts to demonstrate the concept of an effective
contamination warning system that drinking water utilities in high threat cities of all sizes
and characteristics could adopt. In FY 2010, there will be increased training and
outreach exercises for Regional Water Emergency Response/Technical Assistance
Team members, consistent with the National Approach to Response. Also, the Agency,
in collaboration with our water sector security stakeholders, will continue efforts to
develop, implement and initiate tracking of national measures related to homeland
security critical infrastructure protection activities.
23
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24
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Strategic Goal: Preserve and restore the land by using innovative waste
management practices and cleaning up contaminated properties to reduce risks posed
by releases of harmful substances.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
16.8% of Budget
1 - Preserve Land
2 - Restore Land
3 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 3 Total *
Workyears
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$241,275
$1,437,803
$53,325
$1,732,403
4,576
FY2010
President's
Budget
$251,576
$1,453,868
$55,976
$1,761,419
4,565
Difference
FY 2009 EN to
FY2010PresBud
$10,301
$16,064
$2,651
$29,016
-11
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Land is one of America's most valuable resources. Hazardous and non-hazardous
wastes on the land can migrate to the air, groundwater, and surface water,
contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses or chronic diseases, and
threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural, and suburban areas. To protect the
land, human health and the environment, EPA implements the Land Preservation and
Restoration goal with the following approachesprevention, protection, and response
activities to address risks posed by releases of harmful substances on land; emergency
preparedness, response and homeland security to address immediate risks to human
health and the environment; enforcement and compliance assistance to determine what
needs to be done and who should pay; and sound science and research to address risk
factors and new, innovative solutions. EPA's Land Research program, in accordance
with the Agency's policy of scientific integrity1, provides the scientific foundation for
actions to protect America's land.
For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the press office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-Executive-
Departments-and-Aqencies-3-9-09/.
25
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Prevention, Protection, and Response Activities
EPA leads the country's activities to prevent and reduce the risks posed by releases of
harmful substances and to preserve and restore land with effective waste management
and cleanup methods. In FY 2010, the Agency requests $1,705.4 million to continue to
apply the most effective approach to preserve and restore land by developing and
implementing prevention programs, improving response capabilities, and maximizing
the effectiveness of response and cleanup actions. This approach will help ensure that
human health and the environment are protected and that land is returned to beneficial
use.
In FY 2010, EPA also will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land:
reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing
spills and releases of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties. The
Agency especially is concerned about threats to our most sensitive populations, such as
children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups
accordingly.2
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA), known as Superfund, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) provide legal authority for EPA's work to restore and protect the land. The
Agency and its partners use Superfund authority to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned
hazardous waste sites, allowing land to be returned to productive use. Under RCRA,
EPA works in partnership with states and tribes to address risks associated with leaking
underground storage tanks and with the generation and management of hazardous and
non-hazardous waste.
In addition, EPA uses authorities provided under the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act,
and Oil Pollution Act of 1990 to protect against spills and releases of hazardous
materials. Controlling the many risks posed by accidental and intentional releases of
harmful substances presents a significant challenge. In FY 2010, EPA will continue to
ensure that it is adequately prepared to minimize contamination and harm to the
environment from spills and releases of hazardous materials by improving its readiness
to respond to emergencies through training as well as maintaining a highly skilled, well-
trained, and equipped response workforce.
The following themes characterize EPA's land program activities under Goal 3 in FY
2010: Revitalization; Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery; and
implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).
Revitalization: All of EPA's cleanup programs (Superfund Remedial, Superfund
Federal Facilities Response, Superfund Emergency Response and Removal,
RCRA Corrective Action, and Underground Storage Tanks) and their partners
Additional information on these programs can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/,
http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/er cleanup.htm, http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/,
http://www.epa.gov/swerust1/, http://www.epa.gov/swerffrr/ and http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization/.
26
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
are taking proactive steps to facilitate the cleanup and revitalization of
contaminated properties. In FY 2010, the Agency requests $943.3 million to help
communities revitalize these once productive properties by removing blight,
satisfying the growing demand for land, helping limit urban sprawl, fostering
ecologic habitat enhancements, enabling economic development, and
maintaining or improving quality of life. In reflection of the high priority the
Agency has placed on land revitalization, EPA has adopted a series of acres-
based, cross-program revitalization measures (CPRMs) to help document
progress in cleaning up and promoting the productive and protective use of
previously contaminated land. Building upon its successful land revitalization and
reuse efforts, in FY 2008 EPA launched the RE-Powering America's Land
initiative3 and partnered with the Department of Energy to develop an interactive
Google Earth Mapping application that shows the potential of thousands of
environmentally impaired properties across the country to host solar, wind, or
biomass energy facilities. These sites offer appropriate location, existing
infrastructure, such as transmission lines and roads and rail, and are often zoned
for this type of development. Finding suitable environmentally impaired lands to
site renewable energy facilities is one significant way EPA and the states can
help the Administration meet its goals of 10 percent renewable energy by 2010
and 25 percent by 2025.
Recycling, Waste Minimization and Energy Recovery: EPA requests $10.6
million in FY 2010 to support EPA's strategy for reducing waste generation and
increasing recycling. EPA's strategy will continue to be based on: (1)
establishing and expanding partnerships with businesses, industries, tribes,
states, communities, and consumers; (2) stimulating infrastructure development
and environmentally responsible behavior by product manufacturers, users, and
disposers; and (3) helping businesses, government, institutions, and consumers
reduce waste generation and increase recycling through education, outreach,
training, and technical assistance. In FY 2010, EPA will continue the Resource
Conservation Challenge (RCC) as a major national effort to find flexible, yet more
protective ways to conserve our valuable natural resources through waste
reduction, energy recovery, and recycling. Through RCC, the Agency also will
pursue the advancement of alternative domestic energy sources as well as clean
energy, which power our economy and drive our environmental successes.
Implementing the EPAct: The EPAct4 contains numerous provisions that
significantly affect Federal and state underground storage tank (LIST) programs
and requires that EPA and states strengthen tank release and prevention
programs. In FY 2007, working with its tank partners, EPA developed grant
guidelines5 which implement the LIST provisions of the EPAct. In FY 2010, EPA
requests $49.4 million to provide assistance to states to help them meet their
Additional information on this initiative can be found on http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergyland/.
4 For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109 cong public Iaws&docid=f:publ058.109.pdf (scroll to Title XV - Ethanol And Motor
Fuels, Subtitle B - Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file).
5 For more information, refer to http://www.epa.gov/OUST/.
27
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
EPAct responsibilities, which include: (1) mandatory inspections every three
years for all underground storage tanks; (2) operator training; (3) prohibition of
delivery for non-complying facilities6; and (4) secondary containment or financial
responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers.
In addition to these themes, EPA's Homeland Security and Enforcement work are
important components of the Agency's prevention, protection, and response activities.
Homeland Security
EPA will continue to improve its emergency preparedness and response capability,
including homeland security capabilities. In FY 2010, the Agency requests $51.5 million
to improve its capability to respond effectively to incidents that may involve harmful
chemical, biological, and radiological substances. The Agency will provide training to
build the cadre of volunteers in the Response Support Corps (RSC) and members of an
Incident Management Team (IMT), and will continue to participate in multi-agency
training and exercises.
In FY 2010, EPA will continue to operate and expand the Environmental Response
Laboratory Network (ERLN). Activities include the improvement of an electronic data
deliverable (EDO) for use by all ERLN laboratories. The EDO enables laboratories to
report analytical data electronically rather than manually via hard copy reports, which
will support and potentially expedite decision-making. EPA also will continue to
maximize the effectiveness of its involvement in national security events through pre-
deployments of assets such as emergency response personnel and field detection
equipment.
EPA also will continue to maintain and improve the Emergency Management Portal
(EMP). EPA will continue to manage, collect, and validate new information for new and
existing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) agents as decontamination techniques
are developed or as other information emerges from the scientific community.
Enforcement
EPA's Superfund enforcement program ensures prompt site cleanup and uses an
"enforcement first" approach that maximizes the participation of liable and viable parties
in performing and paying for cleanups in both remedial and removal programs. The
Superfund enforcement program includes nationally significant or precedential civil,
judicial and administrative site remediation cases, and provides legal and technical
enforcement support on Superfund enforcement actions and emerging issues. The
Superfund enforcement program also develops waste cleanup enforcement policies,
and provides guidance and tools that clarify potential environmental cleanup liability,
with specific attention to the reuse and revitalization of contaminated properties,
including Brownfield properties.
Refer to Grant Guidelines to States for Implementing the Delivery Prohibition Provision of the Energy Policy Act of
2005, August 2006, EPA-510-R-06-003, http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/epact Q5.htm#Final.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program: they are used
to leverage private-party resources to conduct a majority of the cleanup actions and to
reimburse the Federal government for cleanups financed by appropriations. In FY
2010, the Agency requests $183.6 million to support enforcement activities at Federal
and non-Federal Superfund sites. EPA's "enforcement first" approach ensures that
sites with financially viable potentially responsible parties (PRPs) are cleaned up by
those parties, allowing EPA to focus appropriated resources on sites where viable PRPs
either do not exist or lack funds or capabilities needed to conduct the cleanup. In
tandem with this approach, various reforms have been implemented to increase
fairness, reduce transaction costs, promote economic development, and make sites
available for appropriate reuse.7 The Department of Justice supports EPA's Superfund
Enforcement program through negotiations and judicial actions to compel PRP cleanup
and litigation to recover Trust Fund monies spent. In FY 2008, the Superfund
Enforcement program secured private party commitments that exceeded $1.8 billion.
Of this amount, PRPs have committed to future response work with an estimated value
of approximately $1,575 million; PRPs have agreed to reimburse the Agency for more
than $232 million in past costs; and PRPs have been billed by the EPA for
approximately $75 million in oversight costs. These results can be directly linked to
Goal 3. EPA also works to ensure that required legally enforceable institutional controls
and financial assurance instruments are in place and adhered to at Superfund sites and
at facilities subject to RCRA Corrective Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of
cleanup actions.
In FY 2010, the Agency will negotiate remedial design/remedial action cleanup
agreements and removal agreements at contaminated properties. Where negotiations
fail, the Agency will either take unilateral enforcement actions to require PRP cleanup or
use appropriated dollars to remediate sites (or both). When appropriated dollars are
used to clean up sites, the program will recover the associated cleanup costs from the
PRPs. If future work remains at a site, recovered funds could be placed in a site-
specific special account. Special accounts are sub-accounts within the Trust Fund
which segregate funds obtained from responsible parties who enter into settlement
agreements with EPA. These funds act as an incentive for other PRPs to perform
cleanup work and can be used by the Agency to fund cleanup at that site. The Agency
also will continue its efforts to establish and use special accounts to facilitate cleanup,
improve tracking and plan the use of special account funds. Through the end of FY
2008, more than 860 site-specific special accounts have been established and over
$2.7 billion have been deposited into special accounts (including earned interest).
Approximately $1.4 billion from special accounts has been used by EPA for site
response actions.
EPA has ongoing cleanup and property transfer responsibilities at some of the Nation's
most contaminated Federal properties, which range from realigning and closing military
installations and former military properties containing unexploded ordnance, solvents,
7 For more information regarding EPA's enforcement program and its various components, please refer to
http://www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/.
29
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
and other industrial chemicals to Department of Energy sites containing nuclear waste.
EPA's Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program helps Federal
and local governments, tribes, states, redevelopment authorities and the affected
communities ensure contamination at Federal or former Federal properties is addressed
in a manner that protects human health and the environment.8 In addition, EPA
ensures that Federal entities are held accountable for the commitments made in
Federal Facility Agreements. EPA also is evaluating the enforcement approach for
formerly-utilized Defense sites and mine sites with Federal ownership.
Enhancing Science and Research to Restore and Preserve Land
EPA's Land Research program, in accordance with the Administration's policy of
scientific integrity9, provides the scientific foundation for the Agency's actions to protect
America's land. The FY 2010 Land Research program supports the Agency's objective
of reducing or controlling potential risks to human health and the environment at
contaminated waste sites by providing the science to accelerate scientifically defensible
and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex sites in accordance with CERCLA.
In FY 2010, EPA requests $55.9 million in support of EPA's efforts to enhance science
and research for land preservation and restoration. Research activities in FY 2010 will
focus on materials management, land reuse and revitalization issues, emerging
research topics, contaminated sediments, ground water contamination, multi-media,
and site-specific technical support. Research will advance EPA's ability to accurately
characterize the risks posed by contaminated sediments and to determine the range
and scientific foundation for remedy selection options. In addition, research aimed at
developing data to support dosimetric and toxicologic assessment of amphibole
asbestos fiber-containing material from Libby, Montana, will continue. Groundwater
research will focus on the transport of contaminants in that medium and the subsequent
intrusion of contaminant vapors into buildings, as well as the development of
applications for permeable reactive barriers.
Oil spill remediation research will continue on physical, chemical, and biological risk
management methods for petroleum and non-petroleum oil spills in freshwater and
marine environments as well as development of a protocol for testing solidifiers and
treating oil. Underground storage tank research will address the development of online
transport models that can be used by state project managers. Research areas such as
resource conservation, corrective action, multi-media modeling, leaching, containment
systems, and landfill bioreactors will constitute the major areas of research and support
for RCRA activities in FY 2010. EPA also will continue to develop a site-specific
management approach of brownfields sites, develop validated acceptable practices for
land revitalization, collaborate with the private sector to conduct field sampling, and
work with the states to optimize operations and monitoring of several landfill bioreactors
For more information on the Superfund Federal Facilities Response and Enforcement program, please refer to
http://www.epa.gov/fedfac/.
For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the press office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-Executive-
Departments-and-Aqencies-3-9-09/.
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Goal 3: Land Preservation and Restoration
and to determine their potential to provide alternative energy in the form of landfill gas
while increasing the nation's landfill capacity.
In FY 2010, research will continue in the area of nanotechnology fate and transport as
part of the Land Research program efforts to address emerging issues and strategic
EPA issues. The goal of this research is to lead the Federal government in addressing
key science questions on the persistence and movement of nanomaterials in the
environment.
31
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32
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Strategic Goal: Protect, sustain, or restore the health of people, communities, and
ecosystems using integrated and comprehensive approaches and partnerships.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
\ ^
16. 6% of Budget
1 - Chemical, Organism, and
Pesticide Risks
2 - Communities
3 - Ecosystems
4 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 4 Total *
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$394,141
$246,551
$225,395
$388,249
$1,254,336
FY2010
President's
Budget
$420,545
$245,987
$659,037
$412,861
$1,738,430
Difference
FY 2009 EN to
FY2010PresBud
$26,404
-$564
$433,642
$24,612
$484,094
Workyears
3,719
3,847
128
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
In FY 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency will protect, sustain or restore the
health of communities and ecosystems by bringing together a variety of programs, tools,
approaches and resources, including partnerships with stakeholders and Federal, state,
Tribal, and local government agencies. EPA manages environmental risks to
watersheds, communities, homes, and workplaces to protect human health and the
environmental integrity of ecosystems. The Agency has a responsibility to ensure that
efforts to reduce these potential environmental risks are based on the best available
scientific information.
The Agency employs a mix of regulatory programs and partnership approaches to
achieve results in ways that are efficient, innovative, and sustainable. Ideally, EPA can
implement a strategy of preventing pollution at the source; however, where programs to
prevent pollution or ecosystem damage are not viable, EPA promotes waste
minimization, avoidance of impact on habitat, safe disposal, and remediation.
Continuing Environmental Justice (EJ) efforts address the environmental and public
health concerns of minority, low income, Tribal, and other disproportionately burdened
communities and focus on improving environmental and public health protection in
these communities. The Agency's efforts ensure that EPA actions do not unfairly
burden these or other communities facing disproportionate environmental or public
health challenges.
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
In managing risk and in ensuring that environmental rules protect all Americans, EPA
directs its efforts toward identifying and mitigating exposures and other factors in our
communities, homes, and workplaces that might negatively impact human health and
environmental quality. To do so, EPA conducts research to understand both how
specific groups of people may differ in their inherent biological susceptibility to adverse
impacts of pollutants and whether certain groups may be disproportionately exposed
based on where they live and how they behave. For example, in comparison with
adults, children may be disproportionately exposed to certain contaminants because of
their unique behavior patterns such as crawling on the floor and putting things into their
mouths and because of their unique diets.
Children and older Americans may be inherently more sensitive to certain exposures.
For children, sensitivity can be based on developmental stage, which can determine
how they metabolize (absorb and detoxify) chemicals. People living in communities
near certain industrial sources of pollution and/or roadways with high traffic volume may
be disproportionately impacted. And Native Americans, or other Americans who rely on
traditional sources of food, may consume more fish or other locally gathered foods and
may be disproportionately exposed to contaminants in those foods.
Pesticides Programs
A key component of protecting the health of people, communities, and ecosystems is
identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the thousands of chemicals
on which our society and economy have come to depend. Toward that end, EPA is
investing $137.5 million in Pesticides Licensing programs in FY 2010. Chemical and
biological pesticides help meet national and global demands for food; provide effective
pest control for homes, schools, gardens, highways, utility lines, hospitals, and drinking
water treatment facilities; and control animal vectors of disease.
During FY 2010, EPA will continue to review and register new pesticides, new uses for
existing pesticides, and other registration requests in accordance with Food Quality
Protection Act (FQPA) standards and Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act
(PRIA 2) timeframes. EPA will continue to process these registration requests, with
special consideration given to susceptible populations, especially children. Specifically,
EPA will focus special attention on the foods commonly eaten by children to reduce
their pesticide exposure where the science identifies potential concerns.
Reduced concentrations of pesticides in water sources indicate the efficacy of EPA's
risk assessment, management, mitigation, and communication activities. Using
sampling data, collected under the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water
Quality Assessment program for urban watersheds, EPA will monitor the impact of our
regulatory decisions for four pesticides of concerndiazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion,
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
and cabaryland consider whether any additional action is necessary.1 In FY 2010, the
Agency will continue to work with USGS to develop sampling plans and refine goals,
and the Agency will ask USGS to add additional insecticides to sampling protocols and
establish baselines for newer products that are replacing organophosphates, such as
synthetic pyrethroids.
EPA's statutory and regulatory functions include registration, Reregistration Eligibility
Decisions implementation, registration review, risk reduction implementation,
rulemaking and program management. Many of these actions involve reduced-risk
pesticides which, once registered, will result in increased societal benefits. Working
together with the affected user communities through programs such as the Pesticide
Environmental Stewardship program and the Strategic Agricultural Initiative, the Agency
will find ways to accelerate the adoption of these lower-risk products.
Along with assessing the risks that pesticides pose to human health, EPA conducts
ecological risk assessments, under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), to determine
potential effects on plants, animals, and ecosystems. To ensure unreasonable risks are
avoided, EPA may impose risk mitigation measures such as modifying use rates or
application methods, restricting uses, or denying uses. EPA must ensure that pesticide
regulatory decisions will not adversely modify critical habitat or jeopardize the continued
existence of species listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or National Marine
Fisheries Service as threatened or endangered.
In the biodefense arena, EPA will continue work to develop and validate methods to
evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial products against bioterrorism agents, expanding
this work to address unique formulations, additional surface types, and additional
bioterrorism agents and emerging pathogens. The Agency will address critical gaps in
efficacy test methodology and knowledge of microbial resistance. In addition to
vegetative bacteria, in FY 2010, EPA will address threatening viruses and other
emerging pathogens in environmental media. EPA will continue to invest in the
development and evaluation of efficacy test protocols for products designed to control
viruses in the environment during decontamination. The development of "decon
toolboxes" for specific bioterrorism agents or classes of bacteria/viruses will continue
into FY 2010.
In order to improve the Agency's ability to respond to events involving biothreat agents,
EPA will increase the number of standardized and validated methods for evaluating the
efficacy of decontamination agents. EPA will continue to seek independent third-party
analysis for method validation efforts through recognized standard setting organizations.
As new methods are developed, statistical modeling for various biodefense scenarios
will be critical to the development of science-based performance standards. Microbial
persistence, resistance to antimicrobial agents, and an understanding of biofilm
environments are also key factors in evaluating the efficacy of decontamination tools.
1 Gilliom, R.J., et al. 2006. The Quality of Our Nation's Waters: Pesticides in the Nation's Streams and
Ground Water, 1992-2001. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1291. 171p. Available on
the internet at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2QQ5/1291/.
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
This work is taking place in the Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response and
Recovery program. The FY 2010 request level for this area is $5.7 million.
Toxics Programs
EPA programs under this goal have many direct and many indirect benefits. For
example, each year the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) New Chemicals program
reviews and manages the potential risks from approximately 1,500 new chemicals and
40 products of biotechnology, and new chemical nanoscale materials prior to their entry
into the marketplace. This new chemical review process not only protects the public
from the possible immediate threats of harmful chemicals, but it also has contributed to
changing the behavior of the chemical industry, making industry more aware and
responsible for the impact these chemicals have on human health and the environment.
The Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) program was designed by EPA to
provide scientifically credible data to directly support chemical emergency planning,
response, and prevention programs mandated by Congress. Emergency workers and
first responders addressing accidental or intentional chemical releases need to know
how dangerous a chemical contaminant may be to breathe or touch, and how long it
may remain dangerous. The program develops short-term exposure limits applicable to
the general population for a wide range of extremely hazardous substances and has
assigned values to 246 chemicals to date.
In addressing chemicals that have entered the market before the inception of the New
Chemical Review program, EPA is revising and strengthening its chemicals
management and risk assessment programs investing $8 million in FY 2010 to
accelerate assessing the safety of thousands of un-reviewed existing chemicals and
deploying the full arsenal of TSCA regulatory authorities to quickly and effectively
eliminate or significantly reduce identified risks. The enhanced toxics program draws on
chemical hazard data developed through the High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
program for approximately 2,100 HPV chemicals in conjunction with new exposure data
obtained through the expanded TSCA Inventory Update Rule to produce Risk-Based
Prioritizations (RBPs) that will guide subsequent risk management actions such as
TSCA Section 6 use prohibitions and Significant New Use Rules. The program also will
expand on EPA's work on HPV chemicals to assess approximately 3,900 moderate
production volume chemicals (those chemicals produced or imported in excess of 25
thousand pounds per year), for which Hazard-Based Prioritizations (HBPs) will be
developed.
In FY 2010 EPA expects to bring the pilot phase of the Voluntary Children's Chemical
Evaluation program (VCCEP) to a conclusion by ensuring that data needs decisions for
the 20 pilot chemicals are completed. Most were completed by the end of FY 2008.
Future VCCEP chemicals will be identified through the RBPs and HBPs, and the
VCCEP framework will become an integral component of the enhanced chemical risk
management strategy. The Agency also will continue to manage its programs to
address specific chemicals and toxics of concern, including lead; mineral fibers;
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
mercury; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); and
persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals.
The lead program is focusing efforts on reducing lead hazards, and in FY 2010, will
implement a final regulation and a comprehensive program to address lead hazards
created by renovation, repair and painting activities in homes with lead-based paint. In
FY 2010 the EPA is requesting an increase of $1 million for lead grants to accelerate
the program's certification and training of contractors to provide additional support for
the Department of Housing and Urban Development's work under the Lead Hazard
Reduction Program provided in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
The program also will continue to improve methods to reach vulnerable populations and
communities with a high concentration of children with elevated blood-lead levels and
emphasize grant-supported activities such as state-implemented lead-based paint
training and certification programs.
Water Programs
EPA's ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that
address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems,
such as estuaries and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined with pollution
carried by rivers and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate in these
ecosystems and degrade them over time. Large water bodies, such as the Gulf of
Mexico, the Great Lakes, and the Chesapeake Bay, have been exposed to substantial
pollution over many years. Coastal estuaries and wetlands are also vulnerable. As the
populations in coastal regions grow, the challenges to preserve and protect these
important ecosystems increase. Working with stakeholders, EPA has established
special programs to protect and restore these unique resources.
In FY 2010, EPA will lead the implementation of a new Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative. The Initiative identifies $475 million for programs and projects strategically
chosen to target the most significant environmental problems in the Great Lakes
ecosystem. EPA will collaborate closely with its federal partners in the Great Lakes
Interagency Task Force to implement the Initiative. The Initiative will use outcome-
oriented performance goals and measures to direct Great Lakes protection and
restoration funding to the following areas:
Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern
Invasive Species
Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source
Habitat and Wildlife Protection and Restoration
Accountability, Monitoring, Evaluation, Communication, and Partnerships
Funds will be used to strategically implement both federal projects and
prioritized/competitive grants. These funds will not be directed toward water
infrastructure programs that are addressed under the Clean Water or Drinking Water
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
State Revolving Fund program. Funding will be distributed directly by EPA or through
the transfer of funds to other federal agencies for subsequent use and distribution.
In FY 2010, EPA will continue cooperation with Federal, state and Tribal governments
and other stakeholders toward achieving the national goal of an overall increase in the
acreage and condition of wetlands. FY 2010 funding supports and monitors all 28
National Estuary programs (NEPs) in implementing approved Comprehensive
Conservation and Management Plans (CCMPs), which identify more than 2,000 priority
actions needed to protect and restore the estuaries. The FY 2010 budget for NEPs and
coastal watersheds is $26.6 million.
The $35.1 million Chesapeake Bay program FY 2010 budget request will enable EPA to
continue work with program partners to accelerate implementation of pollution reduction
and aquatic habitat restoration efforts and ensure that water quality objectives are
achieved as soon as possible. EPA is committed to its ambitious long-term goals of 100
percent attainment of dissolved oxygen standards in waters of the Chesapeake Bay and
185 thousand acres of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). The FY 2010 request will
bring the Agency closer to addressing key priority coastal and ocean issues in the Gulf
of Mexico, such as coastal restoration, water quality for healthy beaches and shellfish
beds through improved detection and forecasting of harmful algal blooms and microbial
source tracking methodologies, and reduction of nutrient inputs to coastal ecosystems.
In conducting special initiatives and planning activities, in FY 2010, EPA is investing
$2.2 million in the South Florida program to assist with coordinating and facilitating the
ongoing implementation of the Water Quality Protection program for the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), conduct studies to determine cause and effect
relationships among pollutants and biological resources, implement wastewater and
storm water master plans, and provide public education and outreach activities.
The strategic targets for the South Florida program, in the 2009-2014 Strategic Plan,
address important environmental markers such as stony coral cover, health and
functionality of seagrass beds, water quality in the FKNMS, phosphorus levels
throughout the Everglades Protection Area and effluent limits for all discharges,
including storm water treatment areas.
Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE)
CARE is a competitive grant program that offers an innovative way for communities to
take action to reduce toxic pollution. Through CARE, communities create local
collaborative partnerships that implement local solutions to minimize exposure to toxic
pollutants and reduce their release. In FY 2010, the Agency is investing $2.4 million in
the program to award approximately 14 new grants, provide technical resources and
training to approximately 89 communities, and work with other federal agencies to
coordinate support for communities.
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Brownfields
EPA works collaboratively with state, Tribal, and local partners to promote the
assessment, cleanup, and sustainable reuse of brownfields and other contaminated
properties. EPA's enforcement program plays an essential role in supporting the
Agency's land reuse priorities by clarifying potential environmental cleanup liability and
providing greater certainty for parties seeking to reuse contaminated properties.
Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the
heart of EPA's community-centered work. EPA shares information and builds
community capacity to consider the many aspects of planned development or
redevelopment. EPA encourages community development by providing funds to assist
communities with inventory, assessment, and clean up of the contaminated properties
that lie abandoned or unused. In addition, the Smart Growth program works with
stakeholders to create an improved economic and institutional climate for brownfields
redevelopment. Addressing these challenges requires combining innovative and
community-based approaches with national guidelines and interagency coordination to
achieve results.
International Activities
EPA leads efforts to address global environmental issues. To sustain and enhance
domestic and international environmental progress, EPA enlists the cooperation of other
nations and international organizations to help predict, understand, and solve
environmental problems of mutual concern. EPA assists in the coordination of its
international and domestic environmental policies in order that U.S. international
obligations are informed by domestic policy and expertise, that domestic programs fulfill
international obligations, and that actions by other countries needed to reach domestic
goals are catalyzed and promoted. By assisting developing countries to manage their
natural resources and protect the health of their citizens, EPA also helps to protect
human health and the environment in the U.S.
The Agency also works to include environmental protection provisions and
commitments, by all parties, to effectively enforce environmental laws and regulations in
all international trade agreements negotiated by the United States. As an example, EPA
contributes to the associated environmental reviews of all trade agreements by
providing information regarding potential domestic and transboundary environmental
effects resulting from trade liberalization. In addition, the Agency helps negotiate
environmental cooperation mechanisms to advance the objectives of each trade
agreement, and provide technical expertise to implement these cooperation
mechanisms.
Addressing local pollution and infrastructure deficiencies along the U.S.-Mexico border
are also priorities for Mexico and the United States under the Border 2012 Agreement.
The key to sustaining and enhancing progress, both domestically and internationally, is
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
the collaborative efforts of national, Tribal, state, and local governments, international
organizations, the private sector, and concerned citizens.
Environmental Justice
EPA is committed to addressing the environmental and public health concerns of
communities disproportionately burdened by environmental harms and risks by focusing
on efforts to improve environmental and public health protection for these communities.
These efforts will ensure that EPA actions do not adversely affect these or other
communities facing disproportionate environmental or public health burdens.
Toward that end, the Agency continues to integrate Environmental Justice (EJ) in its
programs, policies, and activities to improve environmental and public health protection
for minority, low income, Tribal, and other disproportionately burdened communities.
Environmental justice activities will continue to focus on eight national priorities
including the following:
Reducing asthma attacks,
Reducing exposure to air toxics,
Reducing incidence of elevated blood lead levels,
Ensuring that fish and shellfish are safe to eat,
Ensuring that water is safe to drink,
Revitalizing brownfields and contaminated sites, and
Using collaborative problem-solving to address environmental and public health
concerns.
In addition, the Agency will focus efforts to make a tangible difference in enabling
access of communities to green jobs. The Agency supports proactive and meaningful
approaches to encouraging informed public participation particularly among traditionally
underrepresented groups in EPA's decision-making process. EPA provides financial
and technical assistance to build the long-term capacity for communities to protect and
improve the conditions in their own environments. Finally, the Agency will continue to
provide leadership and assistance to other Federal agencies to support their efforts to
integrate environmental justice and to leverage opportunities to foster economic,
environmental, public health and safety and other benefits to communities
disproportionately burdened.
Research
EPA has a responsibility to ensure that efforts to reduce potential environmental risks
are based on the best available scientific information. Strong science allows for
identification of the most important sources of risk to human health and the
environment, as well as the best means to detect, abate, and avoid possible
environmental problems, and thereby guides our priorities, policies, and deployment of
resources.
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
To accelerate the pace of environmental protection for healthy people, communities,
and ecosystems, EPA will engage in high-priority, cutting-edge, multidisciplinary
research efforts in areas related to human health, ecosystems, mercury, global change,
pesticides and toxics, endocrine disruptors, computational toxicology, nanotechnology,
human health risk assessment, and homeland security. EPA also conducts research
through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program, which is competitive
and peer-reviewed and is integrated with EPA's overall research efforts. The Agency
proposes $10.9 million for the Fellowships research program in FY 2010 which will allow
EPA to award approximately 131 new fellowships.
In FY2010, the Human Health Research program is working to maintain its success
with characterizing and reducing uncertainties in exposure and risk assessment as well
as developing improved tools for predicting the safety of chemicals and products. The
program is orienting this work toward understanding linkages along the source-
exposure-effects-disease continuum and demonstrating reductions in human risk. This
strategic shift is designed to include research that addresses limitations, gaps, and
health-related challenges articulated in the health chapter of the EPA Report on the
Environment (2007). Research includes development of sensitive and predictive
methods to identify viable bio-indicators of exposure, susceptibility, and effect that could
be applied to evaluate public health impacts at various geospatial and temporal scales.
The Agency is requesting $82 million in FY 2010 for Human Health research.
In FY2010, the Agency's Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) program will
continue to implement a process to identify, compile, characterize, and prioritize new
scientific studies into Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs) of criteria air pollutants to
assist EPA's air and radiation programs in determining the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS). The program will deliver final ISAs for particulate matter and
carbon monoxide and release external review draft ISAs for ozone and lead. In
addition, the HHRA research program will complete multiple human health assessments
of high priority chemicals for interagency review or external peer review and post
several completed human health assessments in the integrated risk information system.
In FY 2010, EPA requests $45 million for the Human Health Risk Assessment program,
which includes an increase of $5.0 million and 10 work years to allow the Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS) program to increase the annual output of new IRIS
assessments and updates of existing assessments.
In order to assess the benefits of ecosystem services to human and ecological well-
being, it is important to define ecosystem services and their implications, to measure,
monitor and map those services at multiple scales over time, to develop predictive
models for quantifying the changes in ecosystem services, and to develop decision
platforms for decision makers to protect and restore ecosystem services through
informed decision making. The Agency is requesting a total of $76 million in FY 2010 to
support Ecosystems research. The Ecosystem Services research program has
transitioned to focus on advancing the science of ecosystems services and its
application to decision making. For FY 2010, the program will focus on the following:
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Defining ecosystem services and their implications for human well-being and
economic valuation;
Measuring, monitoring and mapping ecosystem services at multiple scales over
time;
Developing predictive models for quantifying and forecasting the changes in
ecosystem services under alternative management scenarios; and
Developing a decision support framework that enables decision makers to
integrate, visualize, and maximize diverse data, models and tools.
Over the last decade, the endocrine disruptor research program conducted the
underlying research, developed and standardized protocols, prepared background
materials for transfer to EPA's Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, briefed Agency
advisory committees, participated on international committees on harmonization of
protocols, and participated in the validation of 19 different in vitro and/or in vivo assays
for the development and implementation of the Agency's two-tiered Endocrine
Disruptors Screening program (EDSP). In FY 2010, EPA is requesting $11.4 million for
the continued development, evaluation, and application of innovative tools for endocrine
disrupting chemicals. Research efforts will continue to achieve the following:
Develop novel in vitro assays as improved alternatives that may further reduce
the quantity of animals used;
Finalize the Tier 2 amphibian developmental/reproductive assay and the fish 2
generation study for validation;
Provide the underlying science that will help in the interpretation of studies
submitted to the Agency under EDSP; and
Determine the impact of EDCs on the environment and develop methods for
preventing and mitigating exposures.
In FY 2010, the National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT) will play a critical
role in coordinating and implementing these activities across the Agency. In addition,
greater emphasis will be placed on using systems biology-based approaches to
advance health-based assessments. In FY 2010, EPA is requesting $19.6 million to
support application of mathematical and computer models to help assess chemical risk
to human health and the environment. The computational toxicology research
program's strategic direction is guided by three long term goals:
Improving the linkages in the source-outcome paradigm;
Providing tools for screening and prioritizing of chemicals under regulatory
review; and
Enhancing quantitative risk assessment.
In FY 2010, continued pesticides and toxics research will focus on characterizing
toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of perfluoroalkyl chemicals, examining the potential
for selected perfluorinated telomers to degrade to perfluoroctanoic acid or its
precursors, and developing methods and models to forecast the fate of pesticides and
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Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
byproducts from source waters through drinking water treatment systems and ultimately
to the U.S. population. The program also will conduct research to develop spatially-
explicit probabilistic models for ecological assessments and evaluate the potential
environmental and human health impacts of genetically engineered crops. In FY 2010,
EPA requests $27.8 million for continued pesticides and toxics research to support the
scientific foundation for addressing the risks of exposure to pesticides and toxic
chemicals in humans and wildlife.
EPA will continue to investigate nanotechnology's environmental, health, and safety
implications in FY 2010. This research will examine which processes govern the
environmental fate of nanomaterials and what data are available and needed to enable
nanomaterial risk assessment. Research will continue to improve our measurement,
understanding, and control of mercury, with a research focus on the fate and transport
of mercury and mercury compounds. The Agency also will cultivate the next generation
of environmental scientists by awarding fellowships to pursue higher education in
environmentally-related fields and by hosting recent graduates at its facilities. EPA is
requesting $17.8 million for the Nanomaterials Research program in FY 2010 to expand
the availability of information to ensure the safe development, use, recycling and
disposal of products that contain nanoscale materials.
EPA will continue research to better understand how global change (e.g., climate
change) will affect the environment, including the environmental and human health
implications of greenhouse gas adaptation and mitigation strategies, and the
implications of climate change for the Agency's fulfillment of its statutory, regulatory and
programmatic requirements. The Agency's climate change research also includes the
development of decision support tools to help resource managers adapt to changing
climate conditions. In FY 2010, EPA requests $20.9 million for the Global Change
Research program to enhance understanding of the effects of global change on the
environment.
In FY 2010, the Agency will continue to enhance the nation's preparedness, response
and recovery capabilities for homeland security incidents through research,
development, and technical support activities in the areas of decontamination, water
infrastructure protection, and safe buildings. The FY 2010 request level for this area is
$35.6 million.
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Strategic Goal: Protect human health and the environment through ensuring
compliance with environmental requirements by enforcing environmental statutes,
preventing pollution, and promoting environmental stewardship. Encourage innovation
and provide incentives for governments, businesses, and the public that promote
environmental stewardship and long-term sustainable outcomes.
Resource Summary
($ in 000)
\. ^
7.5% of Budget
1 - Improve Compliance
2 - Improve Environmental
Performance through Pollution
Prevention and Innovation
3 - Build Tribal Capacity
4 - Enhance Science and Research
Goal 5 Total *
Workyears
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$512,261
$110,362
$75,825
$51,721
$750,168
3,403
FY2010
President's
Budget
$539,951
$116,835
$81,551
$50,741
$789,077
3,407
Difference
FY 2009 EN to
FY2010PresBud
$27,691
$6,473
$5,727
-$980
$38,910
4
* Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Protecting the public and the environment from risks posed by violations of
environmental regulations is central to the Environmental Protection Agency's mission.
Many of America's historic environmental improvements are attributable to a strong set
of environmental laws and an assurance of compliance with those laws. EPA's strong
and aggressive enforcement program has been the centerpiece of efforts to ensure
compliance, and has achieved significant improvements in the protection of human
health and the environment. To help the Agency meet its mission, EPA will employ a
mixture of effective monitoring, enforcement and compliance strategies, provide
leadership and support for pollution prevention and sustainable practices, reduce
regulatory barriers, and refine and apply results-based, innovative, and multi-media
approaches to environmental stewardship and safeguarding human health.
In addition, EPA will assist Federally-recognized tribes in assessing environmental
conditions in Indian country, and will help build their capacity to implement
environmental programs. EPA also will strengthen the scientific evidence and research
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
supporting environmental policies and decisions on compliance, pollution prevention,
and environmental stewardship.
Improving Compliance with Environmental Laws
To be effective, EPA requires a strong enforcement and compliance program, one
which: identifies and reduces noncompliance problems, assists the regulated
community in understanding environmental laws and regulations, responds to
complaints from the public, strives to secure a level economic playing field for law-
abiding companies, and deters future violations. In order to meet the Agency's goals,
the program employs an integrated, common-sense approach to problem-solving and
decision-making. An appropriate mix of data collection and analysis, compliance
monitoring, assistance and incentives, civil and criminal enforcement efforts, and
innovative problem-solving approaches address significant environmental issues and
achieve environmentally beneficial outcomes. The total proposed FY 2010 budget to
support compliance and environmental stewardship is $789.1 million.
EPA's enforcement and compliance program uses compliance assistance to educate
the regulated community and promote compliance with regulatory requirements to
reduce adverse public health and environmental problems. To achieve compliance, the
regulated community must first understand its obligations and how to comply with
regulatory obligations. The Compliance Assistance program is especially important for
small businesses and other entities that might not have substantial expertise in the area
of environmental compliance. In FY 2010, the Compliance Assistance and Centers
program's proposed budget is $26.1 million.
The Agency's Compliance Monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of
the regulated community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations,
permit conditions and settlement agreements, and to determine whether conditions
presenting imminent and substantial endangerment exist. FY 2010 Compliance
Monitoring activities will be both environmental media- and sector-based. The traditional
media-based inspections complement those performed by states and tribes, and are a
key part of our strategy for meeting the long-term and annual goals established for the
air, water, pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous waste. To ensure that wastes
are properly handled in accordance with international agreements and Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act regulations, the Agency reviews and responds to 100
percent of the notices for trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste. In FY 2010,
the Compliance Monitoring program's proposed budget is $101.1 million.
Maximum compliance requires the active efforts of the regulated community. EPA
provides a series of compliance incentives to complement its enforcement of
environmental violations. EPA's Audit Policy encourages corporate audits of
environmental compliance and subsequent correction of self-discovered violations,
providing a uniform enforcement response toward disclosures of violations. Evaluation
of the results of violations disclosed through self-reporting will occur in order to
understand the effectiveness and accuracy of such self-reporting. Throughout FY 2010,
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
EPA will continue to investigate options for encouraging self-directed audits and
disclosures with particular emphasis on companies in the process of mergers and/or
acquisitions. In FY 2010, the Compliance Incentives program's proposed budget is
$10.7 million.
The Enforcement program addresses violations to ensure that violators come into
compliance with Federal laws and regulations and reduce pollution. In FY 2010, the
program will achieve these environmental goals through consistent, fair, and focused
enforcement of all environmental statutes. EPA will continue to implement its national
compliance and enforcement priorities, which address the most widespread types of
violations that also pose the most substantive health and environmental risks. In FY
2010, we will continue to build upon our achievements. Our enforcement cases have
resulted in commitments to reduce, treat, or eliminate over 8.6 billion pounds of
pollutants from 2002 to 2008. Also in FY 2010, EPA will continue to develop meaningful
measures to assess the impact of enforcement and compliance activities and target
areas that pose the greatest risks to human health or the environment, display patterns
of noncompliance, or include disproportionately exposed populations.
A strong Civil Enforcement program's overarching goal is to protect human health and
the environment, targeting enforcement actions according to degree of health and
environmental risk. The program works with the Department of Justice to ensure
consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental laws and regulations. The program
seeks to level the economic playing field by ensuring that violators do not realize an
economic benefit from noncompliance, and to deter future violations. The Civil
Enforcement program develops, litigates, and settles administrative and civil judicial
cases against serious violators of environmental laws. In FY 2010, the Agency will
aggressively implement its core Civil Enforcement program, as well as the National
Compliance and Enforcement Priorities established for calendar years 2008-2010. The
nation's top priorities for enforcement include Clean Water Act "Wet Weather"
discharges (water contamination resulting from sewer overflows, contaminated storm
water runoff, and runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations), violations of the
Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration requirements
and Air Toxics regulations, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) violations
at Mineral Processing facilities, violations of Financial Responsibility requirements for
the RCRA, Safe Drinking Water Act, and Toxic Substances Control Act programs, and
ensuring compliance in Indian Country. The Civil Enforcement program also will
support the Environmental Justice program by focusing enforcement actions on
industries that have repeatedly violated environmental laws in communities that may be
disproportionately exposed to risks and harms from the environment, including minority
and/or low-income areas. In FY 2010, the Civil Enforcement program's proposed
budget is $145.2 million.
EPA's Criminal Enforcement program investigates and helps prosecute environmental
violations which seriously threaten public health and the environment and which involve
intentional, deliberate, or criminal behavior on the part of the violator. The Criminal
Enforcement program deters violations of environmental laws and regulations by
47
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
demonstrating that the regulated community will be held accountable, through jail
sentences and criminal fines, for such violations. Bringing criminal cases sends a
strong message for potential violators, enhancing aggregate compliance with laws and
regulations. In FY 2010, the criminal enforcement program will continue to expand its
identification and investigation of cases with significant environmental, human health,
and deterrence impact while balancing its overall case load of "core" cases across all
pollution statutes (e.g., traditional cases involving wastewater; hazardous waste; the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act,
etc.). The program will increase the number of agents to complete its three-year hiring
strategy of raising its special agent workforce to 200 criminal investigators. With these
resources, the program will expand its capacity in supporting efforts to address complex
environmental cases. In FY 2010, the Criminal Enforcement program's proposed
budget is $57.7 million.
NEPA Federal Review
EPA fulfills its uniquely Federal responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act by reviewing and commenting on other
Federal agency Environmental Impact Statements (EISs), making the comments
available to the public, and allowing public input. NEPA requires that Federal agencies
prepare and submit EISs to identify potential environmental consequences of major
proposed activities, and develop plans to mitigate or eliminate adverse impacts. A focal
point in the near term will be implementing the Agency's NEPA responsibilities with
respect to projects funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA). In FY 2010, additional personnel resources will enable EPA to meet these
increased environmental review responsibilities, which will help with the expeditious
approval and implementation of Federal economic stimulus projects. EPA will continue
to work with other Federal agencies to streamline and to improve their NEPA
processes. Work also will focus on a number of key areas such as review and
comment on on-shore and off-shore liquid natural gas facilities, coal bed methane
development and other energy-related projects, nuclear power/hydro-power plant
licensing/re-licensing, highway and airport expansion, military base
realignment/redevelopment, flood control and port development, and management of
national forests and public lands. In FY 2010, the NEPA program's proposed budget is
$18.3 million.
Improving Environmental Performance through Innovation and Pollution
Prevention and Stewardship
In FY 2010, with a budget of approximately $23.8 million, the Pollution Prevention
program will continue being one of the Agency's primary tools for minimizing and
preventing adverse environmental impacts by preventing the generation of pollution at
the source. Through pollution prevention integration, EPA will work to bring about a
performance-oriented regulatory system that develops innovative, flexible strategies to
achieve measurable results; promotes environmental stewardship in all parts of society;
48
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
supports sustainable development and pollution prevention; and fosters a culture of
creative environmental problem-solving.
Partnering with Businesses and Consumers: In FY 2010, through the
Pollution Prevention (P2) program, EPA will promote technology transfer and
technical assistance and to spur development of greener chemicals, processes
and products through eight programs: Green Chemistry, Design for the
Environment, Green Suppliers Network, Regional Grants, Pollution Prevention
Resource Exchange, Partnership for Sustainable Healthcare, Green Engineering,
and Environmentally Preferable Purchasing. Also in FY 2010, EPA will continue
to encourage, empower, and assist government and business to adopt source
reduction practices and promote strong collaboration among Regions to promote
geographically specific approaches to address unique local problems. P2 grants
to states and tribes enable them to provide technical assistance, education, and
outreach to assist businesses.
In FY 2010, through the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program (EPP),
the Agency also will implement the Federal Electronics Challenge and promote
the use of the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT), a
procurement tool designed to help institutional purchasers compare and select
desktop computers, laptops, and monitors based on environmental attributes. In
addition, EPA's innovative Green Suppliers Network Program works with large
manufacturers to engage their small and medium-sized suppliers in low-cost
technical reviews that focus on process improvements and waste reduction.
Finally, through the Green Chemistry and Design for the Environment Program
(DfE), EPA works to promote and recognize greener chemicals, synthetic
pathways, and formulations. DfE has incorporated green formulations into over
1,000 recognized products to date.
Promoting Innovation and Stewardship: In FY 2010, EPA will work to bring
about a performance-oriented regulatory system that develops innovative,
flexible strategies to achieve measurable results, promotes environmental
stewardship in all parts of society, supports sustainable development and
pollution prevention, and fosters a culture of creative environmental problem-
solving.
In FY 2010, through an annual Program Evaluation Competition managed by the
National Center for Environmental Innovation, resources will be provided to EPA
programs and Regional offices to conduct rigorous evaluations. Specific consideration
will be given to evaluations that support the Government Performance and Results Act,
provide evidence-based assessments of performance and outcomes for a wide range of
current EPA programs, and allow EPA to improve and invest in promising environmental
program innovations.
The Sector Strategies program will engage industry, non governmental organizations,
state, and Federal stakeholders in policy dialogue and strategic planning, including a
49
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
dialogue with states on data templates and climate analysis. In addition, EPA plans to
initiate discussions with states on the design and implementation of sector-specific
strategies and performance improvement projects that will address GHG reductions
(sectors represent 29 percent of total GHG emissions), toxic air emissions (34 percent
of national releases), hazardous waste (80 percent of hazardous waste releases), and
water impact issues.
In FY 2010, the Smart Growth program plans to build upon its work in outreach and
direct implementation assistance. EPA will provide national best practices to
communities and use its local, on-the-ground work to communicate its national research
and policy agenda.
Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country
Since adopting the EPA Indian Policy in 1984, EPA has worked with Federally
recognized tribes on a government-to-government basis, in recognition of the Federal
government's trust responsibility to Federally recognized tribes. Under Federal
environmental statutes, the Agency is responsible for protecting human health and the
environment in Indian country. EPA's American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO)
leads an Agency wide effort to work with tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and inter-tribal
consortia to fulfill this responsibility. EPA's strategy for achieving this objective has three
major components:
Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will
continue to provide funding through the Indian General Assistance Program
(GAP) so each federally-recognized tribe can establish an environmental
presence.
* Provide Access to Environmental Information: EPA will provide the
information tribes need to meet EPA and Tribal environmental priorities, as well
as characterize the environmental and public health improvements that result
from joint actions.
Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide
opportunities for the implementation of Tribal environmental programs by tribes,
or directly by EPA, as necessary.
In FY 2010, EPA will provide $62.9 million in GAP grants to help build Tribal
environmental capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize available information,
and build an environmental program tailored to tribes' needs. The grants will develop
environmental education and outreach programs, develop and implement integrated
solid waste management plans, and alert EPA to serious conditions that pose
immediate public health and ecological threats. Through GAP program guidance, EPA
emphasizes outcome based results.
The Agency proposes $24.1 million to enhance capacity for sustainability through
science and research. EPA has developed and evaluated tools and technologies to
50
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Goal 5: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
monitor, prevent, control, and clean up pollution throughout its history. EPA's Science
and Technology for Sustainability (STS) research program, in accordance with the
Agency's policy of scientific integrity,1 provides the scientific foundation for the Agency's
actions for the integrated management of air, water, and land resources, as well as
changes in traditional methods of creating and distributing goods and services. Since
the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, the Agency has increasingly focused on
preventative and sustainable approaches to health and environmental problems. EPA's
efforts in this area support research specifically designed to address the issue of
advancing sustainability goals.
Sustainable approaches require: innovative design and production techniques that
minimize or eliminate environmental liabilities; integrated management of air, water, and
land resources; and changes in the traditional methods of creating and distributing
goods and services. And in addition to conducting research related to human health
and environmental threats, EPA is committed to promoting sustainabilityachieving
economic prosperity while protecting natural systems and quality of life for the long
term.
The FY 2010 EPA budget request includes a $5.0 million increase for a biofuels
research initiative to help decision-makers better understand the risk tradeoffs
associated with biofuels production and use. The work will inform the life-cycle analysis
and mandatory reporting requirements contained in the Energy Independence and
Security Act.
EPA's STS research program will continue efforts aimed at creating a suite of science-
based sustainability metrics that are readily understood by the public. This work will
address both large and small systems, including the implementation and tracking of
sustainability metrics across the biofuels system. In addition, the People, Prosperity,
and Planet Award will support up to 50 student design projects from around the country,
focusing on challenges in areas such as materials and chemicals, energy, resources,
and water.
1 For more information, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/the press office/Memorandum-for-the-Heads-of-Executive-
Departments-and-Aqencies-3-9-09/.
51
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52
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Appendices
53
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54
-------
Resources by Appropriation
Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation Account
Science & Technology (S&T) 1
Environmental Programs and Management (EPM)
Office of Inspector General (IG) 1
Buildings & Facilities (B&F)
Oil Spill Response (OIL)
Superfund (SF)
- Superfund Programs
- Inspector General Transfer
- Science & Technology Transfer
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
State & Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Rescission of Prior Year Funds
Agency Total:
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$790,051
$2,392,079
$44,791
$35,001
$17,687
$1,285,024
$1,248,632
$9,975
$26,417
$112,577
$2,976,464
($10,000)
$7,643,674
FY2010
President's
Budget
$842,349
$2,940,564
$44,791
$37,001
$18,379
$1,308,541
$1,271,732
$9,975
$26,834
$113,101
$5,191,274
($10,000)
$10,486,000
Change
FY 09 EN to
FY 10 PB
$52,298
$548,485
$0
$2,000
$692
$23,517
$23,100
$0
$417
$524
$2,214,810
$0
$2,842,326
Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009.
FY 09 Resource totals include $8 million in Specified Infrastructure Grants for Hunter's Point, CA.
1 Does not include Superfund transferssee the Superfund line items below for annual amounts.
55
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56
-------
Resources by Program Area
Resources by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Air Toxics and Quality
Climate Protection Program
Enforcement
Homeland Security
(Water Sentinel)
(Decontamination)
(Laboratory Preparedness and Response)
(Safe Building)
Indoor Air
IT / Data Management / Security
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
(Utilities)
(Security)
Pesticides Licensing
Research: Clean Air
(Research: Global Change)
Research: Clean Water
Research / Congressional Priorities
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
(Research: Computational Toxicology)
(Research: Endocrine Disrupter)
(Research: Fellowships)
Research: Land Protection
Research: Sustainability
Toxic Research and Prevention
Water: Human Health Protection
Total, Science & Technology
FY 2008
Actuals
$101,150.4
$17,156.3
$14,042.7
$74,892.1
($26,547.5)
($19,964.2)
($507.9)
($2,794.4)
$1,140.7
$3,762.6
$69,239.2
($35,398.9)
($17,894.3)
($9,609.6)
$6,179.2
$93,620.0
($17,423.9)
$101,571.2
$1,034.0
$216,308.9
($13,987.1)
($11,158.9)
($9,721.8)
$11,212.5
$24,223.3
$24,616.7
$3,292.5
$763,442.3
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$105,132.0
$16,828.0
$15,087.0
$63,718.0
($14,982.0)
($26,407.0)
($494.0)
($1,976.0)
$1,120.0
$3,969.0
$73,835.0
($34,521.0)
($18,547.0)
($11,989.0)
$5,671.0
$98,427.0
($17,886.0)
$106,164.0
$5,450.0
$229,403.0
($15,156.0)
($11,486.0)
($9,651.0)
$13,586.0
$21,157.0
$26,949.0
$3,555.0
$790,051.0
FY2010
President's
Budget
$122,256.0
$18,975.0
$15,946.0
$71,332.0
($23,726.0)
($25,430.0)
($500.0)
($2,000.0)
$1,157.0
$4,073.0
$72,882.0
($33,947.0)
($19,177.0)
($10,260.0)
$6,463.0
$104,073.0
($20,909.0)
$110,363.0
$0.0
$245,381.0
($19,602.0)
($11,442.0)
($10,894.0)
$13,782.0
$24,107.0
$27,839.0
$3,720.0
$842,349.0
Change
FY09 Enacted to
FY10 PresBud
$17,124.0
$2,147.0
$859.0
$7,614.0
($8,744.0)
(-$977.0)
($6.0)
($24.0)
$37.0
$104.0
-$953.0
(-$574.0)
($630.0)
(-$1,729.0)
$792.0
$5,646.0
($3,023.0)
$4,199.0
-$5,450.0
$15,978.0
($4,446.0)
(-$44.0)
($1,243.0)
$196.0
$2,950.0
$890.0
$165.0
$52,298.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
57
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Resources by Program Area
Resources by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Proqram & Manaqement
Air Toxics and Quality
Brownfields
Climate Protection Program
(Energy STAR)
(Methane to markets)
(Asian Pacific Partnership)
(Greenhouse Gas Reporting Registry)
Compliance
Enforcement
(Environmental Justice)
Environmental Protection / Congressional Priorities
Geographic Programs
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay
Geographic Program: Great Lakes
San Francisco Bay
Puget Sound
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain
Lake Pontchartrain
Community Action fora Renewed Environment
(CARE)
Geographic Program: Other (other activities)
Regional Geographic Initiatives
Great Lakes Restoration
Homeland Security
(Decontamination)
Indoor Air
Information Exchange / Outreach
(Children and Other Sensitive Populations:
Agency Coordination)
(Environmental Education)
FY 2008
Actuals
$195,135.2
$25,200.3
$97,364.3
($38,713.6)
($6,348.1)
($1,567.0)
($3,205.7)
$130,362.3
$194,062.7
($4,332.1)
$12,403.5
$95,174.8
$36,494.1
$22,968.4
$0.0
$8,696.1
$4,827.0
$4,429.0
$2,919.9
$1,490.0
$3,360.1
$4,474.4
$5,515.8
$0.0
$20,993.8
($717.3)
$29,279.3
$125,845.8
($7,226.7)
($9,050.3)
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$195,151.0
$22,957.0
$94,271.0
($49,735.0)
($4,497.6)
($0.0)
($6,388.0)
$128,826.0
$209,157.0
($6,993.0)
$17,450.0
$95,959.0
$31,001.0
$23,000.0
$5,000.0
$20,000.0
$3,000.0
$4,578.0
$3,000.0
$978.0
$2,000.0
$3,402.0
$0.0
$0.0
$23,406.0
($3,476.0)
$25,895.0
$126,343.0
($6,071.0)
($8,979.0)
FY2010 Change
President's FY09 Enacted to
Budget FY10 PresBud
$203,265.0
$25,254.0
$111,634.0
($50,748.0)
($4,582.0)
($0.0)
($17,005.0)
$136,631.0
$223,943.0
($7,203.0)
$0.0
$551,130.0
$35,139.0
$0.0
$5,000.0
$20,000.0
$3,000.0
$4,638.0
$1,434.0
$978.0
$2,448.0
$3,493.0
$0.0
$475,000.0
$23,901.0
($3,542.0)
$26,649.0
$131,825.0
($6,515.0)
($9,038.0)
$8,114.0
$2,297.0
$17,363.0
($1,013.0)
($84.4)
($0.0)
($10,617.0)
$7,805.0
$14,786.0
($210.0)
-$17,450.0
$455,171.0
$4,138.0
-$23,000.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$60.0
-$1,566.0
$0.0
$448.0
$91.0
$0.0
$475,000.0
$495.0
($66.0)
$754.0
$5,482.0
($444.0)
($59.0)
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
58
-------
Resources by Program Area
Resources by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
International Programs
(US Mexico Border)
IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
(Utilities)
(Security)
Pesticides Licensing
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
(Endocrine Disrupters)
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
Water: Ecosystems
Great Lakes Legacy Act
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways
Wetlands
Water: Human Health Protection
Water Quality Protection
Total, Environmental Program & Management
Inspector General
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Total, Inspector General
Buildinq and Facilities
Homeland Security
Operations and Administration
FY 2008
Actuals
$19,221.9
($6,110.1)
$98,085.8
$120,168.9
$459,248.0
($157,406.5)
($7,019.4)
($24,194.9)
$121,715.5
$121,125.3
$89,642.3
($7,102.4)
$11,157.9
$75,330.9
$27,416.2
$26,046.7
$21,868.0
$109,762.3
$211,210.4
$2,362,491.2
$41,896.5
$41,896.5
$8,225.9
$28,081.5
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$19,664.0
($5,561.0)
$99,025.0
$118,123.0
$479,197.0
($160,366.0)
($10,973.0)
($25,676.0)
$116,061.0
$116,891.0
$93,259.0
($8,498.0)
$11,946.0
$86,096.0
$37,000.0
$26,557.0
$22,539.0
$101,585.0
$210,817.0
$2,392,079.0
$44,791.0
$44,791.0
$8,070.0
$26,931.0
FY2010
President's
Budget
$20,349.0
($5,047.0)
$109,320.0
$128,231.0
$511,895.0
($162,040.0)
($13,514.0)
($27,997.0)
$119,187.0
$122,131.0
$102,903.0
($8,659.0)
$12,451.0
$50,303.0
$0.0
$26,967.0
$23,336.0
$105,726.0
$223,836.0
$2,940,564.0
$44,791.0
$44,791.0
$8,070.0
$28,931.0
Change
FY09 Enacted to
FY10 PresBud
$685.0
(-$514.0)
$10,295.0
$10,108.0
$32,698.0
($1,674.0)
($2,541.0)
($2,321.0)
$3,126.0
$5,240.0
$9,644.0
($161.0)
$505.0
-$35,793.0
-$37,000.0
$410.0
$797.0
$4,141.0
$13,019.0
$548,485.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$2,000.0
Total, Building and Facilities
$36,307.4 $35,001.0
$37,001.0
$2,000.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
59
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Resources by Program Area
Resources by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Air Toxics and Quality
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Compliance
Enforcement
(Environmental Justice)
(Superfund: Enforcement)
(Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement)
Homeland Security
(Decontamination)
(Laboratory Preparedness and Response)
Information Exchange / Outreach
IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
(Utilities)
(Security)
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Research: Land Protection
Research: Sustainability
Superfund Cleanup
Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal
Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness
Superfund: Federal Facilities
Superfund: Remedial
Superfund: Support to Other Federal Agencies
Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
FY 2008
Actuals
$2,165.0
$12,037.8
$1,343.1
$189,993.2
($502.1)
($168,674.1)
($9,124.8)
$47,634.5
($8,334.8)
($3,792.6)
$1,575.7
$16,404.3
$1,579.3
$121,536.4
($44,867.0)
($1,176.7)
($6,392.7)
$6,799.6
$19,392.9
$99.7
$1,005,027.3
$223,136.3
$9,608.7
$33,558.3
$726,765.3
$4,888.0
$1,425,588.8
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$2,295.0
$9,975.0
$1,351.0
$187,776.0
($818.0)
($166,148.0)
($9,872.0)
$56,571.0
($10,811.0)
($9,588.0)
$1,433.0
$17,679.0
$1,582.0
$134,643.0
($45,353.0)
($3,042.0)
($6,524.0)
$3,377.0
$20,905.0
$79.0
$847,358.0
$195,043.0
$9,442.0
$31,306.0
$604,992.0
$6,575.0
$1,285,024.0
FY2010 Change
President's FY09 Enacted to
Budget FY10 PresBud
$2,596.0
$9,975.0
$1,247.0
$196,034.0
($822.0)
($173,176.0)
($10,378.0)
$56,561.0
($10,972.0)
($9,621.0)
$1,433.0
$17,923.0
$1,641.0
$139,923.0
($44,300.0)
($3,397.0)
($8,299.0)
$3,395.0
$21,401.0
$0.0
$856,412.0
$202,843.0
$9,791.0
$32,203.0
$605,000.0
$6,575.0
$1,308,541.0
$301.0
$0.0
-$104.0
$8,258.0
($4.0)
($7,028.0)
($506.0)
-$10.0
($161.0)
($33.0)
$0.0
$244.0
$59.0
$5,280.0
(-$1,053.0)
($355.0)
($1,775.0)
$18.0
$496.0
-$79.0
$9,054.0
$7,800.0
$349.0
$897.0
$8.0
$0.0
$23,517.0
Compliance
$787.5
$817.0
$788.0
-$29.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
60
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Resources by Program Area
Resources by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
IT / Data Management / Security
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
Research: Land Protection
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
(LUST / UST)
(LUST Cooperative Agreements)
(EPAct & Related Authorities Implemention)
Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Oil Spill Response
Compliance
Enforcement
IT / Data Management / Security
Oil
Operations and Administration
(Rent)
Research: Land Protection
Total, Oil Spill Response
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages
Brownfields Projects
Clean School Bus Initiative
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
CA Emission Reduction Project Grants
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Categorical Grants
FY 2008
Actuals
$178.0
$1,756.4
($685.0)
$567.7
$104,804.3
($14,193.0)
($63,056.0)
($27,555.3)
$108,093.9
$285.3
$1,851.0
$15.0
$13,880.8
$498.6
($431.0)
$794.6
$17,325.3
$836,929.7
$949,968.9
$65,009.8
$21,193.7
$94,611.8
$6,868.8
$19,954.9
$9,844.0
$65,138.5
$1,157,581.6
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$162.0
$2,057.0
($696.0)
$475.0
$109,066.0
($11,105.0)
($62,461.0)
($35,500.0)
$112,577.0
$277.0
$2,117.0
$24.0
$13,953.0
$596.0
($538.0)
$720.0
$17,687.0
$689,080.0
$829,029.0
$145,000.0
$18,500.0
$97,000.0
$0.0
$60,000.0
$15,000.0
$20,000.0
$1,094,855.0
FY2010
President's
Budget
$162.0
$2,190.0
($696.0)
$484.0
$109,477.0
($11,855.0)
($63,192.0)
($34,430.0)
$113,101.0
$317.0
$2,406.0
$24.0
$14,397.0
$498.0
($438.0)
$737.0
$18,379.0
$2,400,000.0
$1,500,000.0
$0.0
$10,000.0
$100,000.0
$0.0
$60,000.0
$0.0
$10,000.0
$1,111,274.0
Change
FY09 Enacted to
FY10 PresBud
$0.0
$133.0
($0.0)
$9.0
$411.0
($750.0)
($731.0)
(-$1,070.0)
$524.0
$40.0
$289.0
$0.0
$444.0
-$98.0
(-$100.0)
$17.0
$692.0
$1,710,920.0
$670,971.0
-$145,000.0
-$8,500.0
$3,000.0
$0.0
$0.0
-$15,000.0
-$10,000.0
$16,419.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
61
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Resources by Program Area
Resources by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial
Assistance
Categorical Grant: Homeland Security
Categorical Grant: Lead
Categorical Grant: Local Govt Climate Change
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program
Implementation
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
(Monitoring Grants)
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision
(PWSS)
Categorical Grant: Radon
Categorical Grant: Sector Program
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality
Management
Categorical Grant: Targeted Watersheds
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance
Program
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control
(UIC)
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
Categorical Grant: Wastewater Operator Training
Categorical Grant: Water Quality Cooperative
Agreements
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development
Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants
FY 2008
Actuals
$10,642.2
$51,070.6
$14,402.4
$101,740.4
$5,688.0
$14,699.7
$0.0
$207,166.5
$20,098.6
$14,014.7
$243,836.1
($26,737.7)
$5,076.8
$101,503.0
$10,007.4
$1,666.3
$226,155.9
$21,027.7
$5,273.6
$12,066.9
$58,628.8
$12,114.5
$3,600.7
$670.3
$445.3
$15,985.2
$3,227,101.7
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$9,900.0
$49,495.0
$10,000.0
$101,346.0
$4,950.0
$13,564.0
$10,000.0
$200,857.0
$18,711.0
$12,970.0
$218,495.0
($18,500.0)
$4,940.0
$99,100.0
$8,074.0
$1,828.0
$224,080.0
$0.0
$5,099.0
$13,300.0
$57,925.0
$10,891.0
$2,500.0
$0.0
$0.0
$16,830.0
$2,968,464.0
FY2010
President's
Budget
$9,900.0
$49,495.0
$10,000.0
$106,346.0
$0.0
$14,564.0
$0.0
$200,857.0
$18,711.0
$13,520.0
$229,264.0
($18,500.0)
$4,940.0
$105,700.0
$8,074.0
$1,828.0
$226,580.0
$0.0
$5,099.0
$13,300.0
$62,875.0
$10,891.0
$2,500.0
$0.0
$0.0
$16,830.0
$5,191,274.0
Change
FY09 Enacted to
FY10 PresBud
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$5,000.0
-$4,950.0
$1,000.0
-$10,000.0
$0.0
$0.0
$550.0
$10,769.0
($0.0)
$0.0
$6,600.0
$0.0
$0.0
$2,500.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$4,950.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$2,222,810.0
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
62
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Resources by Program Area
Resources by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
TOTAL, EPA (Excludes Rescission to Prior Year Funds)
Rescission to Prior Year Funds
TOTAL, EPA
Specified Infrastructure Grants:
Tar Creek, Oklahoma
Hunter's Point, California
TOTAL, EPA + Specified Infrastructure Grants
FY 2008
Actuals
$7,982,247.1
-$5,000.0
$7,977,247.1
$2,953.0
$7,875.0
$7,988,075.1
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget
$7,645,674.0
-$10,000.0
$7,635,674.0
$0.0
$8,000.0
$7,643,674.0
FY2010
President's
Budget
$10,496,000.0
-$10,000.0
$10,486,000.0
$0.0
$0.0
$10,486,000.0
Change
FY09 Enacted to
FY10 PresBud
$2,850,326.0
$0.0
$2,850,326.0
$0.0
-$8,000.0
$2,842,326.0
Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009.
FY 2008 Actuals include obligations of carryover.
NOTE: Items in parentheses are a subset of the program and will not add up to totals shown for the program.
63
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64
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Categorical Grants
Categorical Program Grants (STAG)
by National Program and State Grant
(Dollars in Thousands)
NPM / Grant
Air & Radiation
State and Local Assistance
Tribal Air Quality Management
Radon
Local Government Climate Change
Water
Pollution Control (Section 106)
Beaches Protection
Nonpoint Source (Section 319)
Wetlands Program Development
Targeted Watersheds
Wastewater Operator Training
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
Drinking Water
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Homeland Security
Hazardous Waste
H.W. Financial Assistance
Brownfields
Underground Storage Tanks
Pesticides & Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation
Lead
Toxic Substances Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement
Multimedia
Environmental Information
Pollution Prevention
Sector Program (Enf & Comp Assurance)
Tribal General Assistance Program
Total Categorical Grants
FY2008
Actuals
$226,156
$12,067
$10,007
$0
$248,230
$243,836
$10,642
$207,167
$15,985
$21,028
$670
$445
$499,773
$101,503
$12,115
$5,688
$119,306
$101,740
$51,071
$3,601
$156,412
$14,015
$14,700
$5,274
$20,099
$54,088
$14,402
$5,077
$1,666
$58,629
$79,774
$1,157,582
FY2009
Enacted
$224,080
$13,300
$8,074
$10,000
$255,454
$218,495
$9,900
$200,857
$16,830
$0
$0
$0
$446,082
$99,100
$10,891
$4,950
$114,941
$101,346
$49,495
$2,500
$153,341
$12,970
$13,564
$5,099
$18,711
$50,344
$10,000
$4,940
$1,828
$57,925
$74,693
$1,094,855
FY2010
PresBud
$226,580
$13,300
$8,074
$0
$247,954
$229,264
$9,900
$200,857
$16,830
$0
$0
$0
$456,851
$105,700
$10,891
$0
$116,591
$106,346
$49,495
$2,500
$158,341
$13,520
$14,564
$5,099
$18,711
$51,894
$10,000
$4,940
$1,828
$62,875
$79,643
$1,111,274
Delta
FY 10 PB -
FY09 EN
$2,500
$0
$0
($10,000)
($7,500)
$10,769
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$10,769
$6,600
$0
($4,950)
$1,650
$5,000
$0
$0
$5,000
$550
$1,000
$0
$0
$1,550
$0
$0
$0
$4,950
$4,950
$16,419
%
Change
1 .1 %
0.0%
0.0%
-100.0%
-2.9%
4.9%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2.4%
6.7%
0.0%
-100.0%
1.4%
4.9%
0.0%
0.0%
3.3%
4.2%
7.4%
0.0%
0.0%
3.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
8.5%
6.6%
1.5%
Totals do not include $7.22 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009.
FY 2008 Actuals include obligations of carryover.
NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding.
65
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66
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Categorical Grants
Categorical Grants Program (STAG)
(Dollars in millions)
$1,200-
$1,000-
$800-
$600-
$400-
$200-
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$1,079
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$1,113 $1,113
-rfOT!?555?
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$1 078 $1'095
.^^^^mm
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, \, ?<, S
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$1,111
jfQQ&j&G
~
-------
Categorical Grants
initial template strategies gained in FY 2007 and FY 2008, EPA will continue to partner
with states on implementation in FY 2010.
HIGHLIGHTS:
State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality
Management Grants
The FY 2010 request includes $248 million for grants to support state, local, and Tribal
air management and radon programs. Grant funds for State and Local Air Quality
Management and Tribal Air Quality Management are requested in the amounts of
$226.6 million and $13.3 million, respectively. These funds provide resources to multi-
state, state, local, and Tribal air pollution control agencies for the development and
implementation of programs for the prevention and control of air pollution and for the
implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set to protect public
health and the environment. In FY 2010, EPA will continue to work with state and local
air pollution control agencies to develop or implement state implementation plans (SIPs)
for NAAQS including: the 8-hour ozone standard, the fine particle (PM-2.5) standard,
the lead standard, and for regional haze. EPA also will continue an initiative to measure
levels of toxic air pollution near selected schools across the country. EPA will ensure
that deployed monitors collect high-quality data. This partnership will help EPA
maximize its monitoring and analytical capabilities. In addition, EPA will continue
support of state and local operation of the 27-site National Air Toxics Trends Stations
network.
EPA will work with Federally-recognized Tribal governments nationwide to continue
development and implementation of tribal air quality management programs. Tribes are
active in protection of air quality for the 4 percent of the land mass of the United States
over which they have sovereignty, and work closely with EPA to monitor and report air
quality information from over 300 monitors. Lastly, this request includes $8.1 million for
Radon grants to continue funding priority activities that reduce health risks. These
activities include reducing radon levels in existing homes and promoting the
construction of new homes with radon reducing features.
Pesticide Enforcement, Toxics Substance Compliance, & Sector Program Grants
The FY 2010 request includes $25.6 million to build environmental enforcement
partnerships with states and tribes and to strengthen their ability to address
environmental and public health threats. The enforcement state grants request consists
of $18.7 million for Pesticides Enforcement, $5.1 million for Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants, and $1.8 million for Sector Grants. State and Tribal enforcement
grants will be awarded to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement
provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants support state and Tribal
compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides.
68
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Categorical Grants
Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, EPA provides resources to states
and Indian tribes to conduct FIFRA compliance inspections and take appropriate
enforcement actions and implement programs for farm worker protection. Under the
Toxic Substances Compliance Grant program, states receive funding for compliance
inspections of asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). States also received
funding for implementation of the state lead-base paint certification and training, and
abatement notification compliance and enforcement program. The funds will
complement other Federal program grants for building state capacity for lead
abatement, and enhancing compliance with disclosure, certification and training
requirements. Under the Sector program grants, EPA builds environmental
partnerships with states and tribes to strengthen their ability to address environmental
and public health threats, including contaminated drinking water, pesticides in food,
hazardous waste, toxic substances, and air pollution. These grants also support state
agencies implementing authorized, delegated, or approved environmental programs.
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants
The FY 2010 request includes $13.5 million for Pesticides Program Implementation
grants. These resources will assist states, tribes, and partners with pesticide worker
safety activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of
environmental stewardship approaches to pesticide use. In addition, the Agency
provides grants to promote stronger Tribal pesticide programs. EPA's mission as
related to pesticides is to protect human health and the environment from pesticide risk
and to realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social and
environmental costs and benefits of the use of pesticides. Pesticides Program
Implementation Grants help state programs stay current with changing requirements.
Lead Grants
The FY 2010 request includes $14.6 million for Lead grants. This funding will support
the development of authorized programs, including work under the new Lead Rule, in
both states and tribes to prevent lead poisoning through the training of workers who
remove lead-based paint, the accreditation of training programs, the certification of
contractors, and renovation education programs. Another activity that this funding will
support is the collection of lead data to determine the nature and extent of the lead
problem within an area so that states, tribes and the Agency can better target remaining
areas of high risk. In FY 2010, EPA expects to reduce the number of child lead
poisoning cases to 0 which would put the Agency on target to eliminate childhood lead
poisoning as a public health concern.
In FY 2010, EPA will continue to award Targeted Grants to Reduce Childhood Lead
Poisoning. These grants are available to a wide range of applicants, including state and
local governments, Federally-recognized Indian tribes and intertribal consortia,
territories, institutions of higher learning, and nonprofit organizations. In addition, EPA
will continue a grant program initiated in FY 2007 which focuses on low-income
69
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Categorical Grants
communities through grants to national organizations engaged in working with these
communities. This grant program is designed to help national and community
organizations reach under-served populations that may have a disproportionate number
of children with elevated blood lead levels.
Pollution Prevention Grants
The FY 2010 request includes $4.9 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The program
provides grant funds to deliver technical assistance to small and medium-sized
businesses. The goal is to assist businesses and industries with identifying improved
environmental strategies and solutions for reducing waste at the source. The program
demonstrates that source reduction can be a cost-effective way of meeting or exceeding
Federal and state regulatory requirements. In FY 2010, EPA is targeting a reduction of
522 million pounds of hazardous materials, 1.795 billion gallons of water conserved,
$300 million saved through reduction in pollution, 5 million Metric Tons of Carbon
Dioxide Equivalent (MTCO2e) reduced, conserved or offset and 8,000 billion BTUs
conserved.
Environmental Information Grants
In FY 2010, EPA requests $10.0 million to continue the Environmental Information
Exchange Network (Exchange Network) grant program. Started in 2002, the Exchange
Network grant program provides states, territories, and tribes with assistance
developing the information management and technology (IM/IT) capabilities they need
to take full advantage of the potential benefits provided by the Exchange Network.
Enhancing and expanding the Network improves environmental decision making and
improves data quality, timeliness and accessibility while reducing the burden on those
who provide it. Now that all 50 states, seven tribes, and one territory have nodes, the
emphasis in FY 2009 has shifted from building-out IT infrastructure to upgrading
technology and expanding environmental information management and exchange.
Exchange Network grants also support the work of the Environmental Council of the
States and the National Congress of American Indians, both of which are
representatives of their respective environmental communities as well as conveners and
information disseminators.
State and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program
The FY 2010 request includes $2.5 million for Underground Storage Tank (LIST) grants.
In FY 2010, EPA will make grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste
Disposal Act, available to support core program activities as well as the leak prevention
activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).
In FY 2010, EPA will continue to focus attention on the need to bring all LIST systems
into compliance with release detection and release prevention requirements, and
implement the provisions of EPAct. States will continue to use the LIST categorical grant
funding to implement their leak prevention and detection programs. Specifically with
70
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Categorical Grants
these LIST categorical grants, states will fund such activities as: Seeking state program
approval to operate the LIST program in lieu of the Federal program, approving specific
technologies to detect leaks from tanks, ensuring that tank owners and operators are
complying with notification and other requirements, ensuring equipment compatibility,
conducting inspections, implementing operator training, prohibiting delivery for non-
complying facilities, and requiring secondary containment or financial responsibility for
tank manufacturers and installers.
Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants
In FY 2010, EPA requests $106.3 million for Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance
grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for the implementation
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program,
which includes permitting, authorization, waste minimization, enforcement, and
corrective action activities. In FY 2010, EPA expects to increase the number of
hazardous waste facilities with new or updated controls to prevent releases by 100
facilities.
By the end of FY 2010, EPA and the authorized states also will control human
exposures to contamination at more than 90 RCRA corrective action facilities (from the
2020 universe of 3,746). Controlling migration of contaminated groundwater at more
than 90 of these facilities and completing the construction of final remedies at more than
110 of these facilities also are targeted for FY 2010.
Brownfields Grants
In FY 2010, EPA requests $49.5 million to continue the Brownfields grant program that
provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state and Tribal
response programs. This funding will help states and tribes develop legislation,
regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish or enhance the administrative and
legal structure of their response programs. In addition, grant funding will support
technical outreach to address environmental justice issues and Brownfields research.
Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants
The FY 2010 EPA request includes $229.3 million for Water Pollution Control grants.
These funds assist state and Tribal efforts to restore and maintain the quality of the
Nation's water quality standards, improving water quality monitoring and assessment,
implementing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and other watershed-related plans,
strengthening the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit
program, implementing practices to reduce pollution from all nonpoint sources, and
supporting sustainable water infrastructure. EPA will work with states to implement the
new rules governing discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
(CAFOs). States and authorized tribes will continue to review and update their water
quality standards as required by the Clean Water Act. EPA encourages states to
continually review and update the water quality criteria in their standards to reflect the
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Categorical Grants
latest scientific information from EPA and other sources. EPA's goal for FY 2010 is that
66 percent of states will have updated their standards to reflect the latest scientific
information in the past three years. In FY 2010, $18.5 million will be designated for
states and tribes that participate in collecting statistically valid water monitoring data and
implement enhancements in their water monitoring programs.
Wetlands Grants
In FY 2010, the request includes $16.8 million for Wetlands Program grants. Through
Wetlands Program Development Grants, states, tribes, and local governments receive
technical and financial assistance. These grants support development of state and
Tribal wetland programs that further the goals of the CWA and improve water quality in
watersheds throughout the country.
Public Water System Supervision Grants
In FY 2010, EPA requests $105.7 million for Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
grants. These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water
resources and to protect public health. In FY 2010, the Agency will emphasize that states
use their PWSS funds to ensure that drinking water systems of all sizes achieve or remain
in compliance and drinking water systems of all sizes are meeting new and existing
regulatory requirements, e.g., Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and
Ground Water Rule.
Tribal General Assistance Program Grants
In FY 2010, EPA's request includes $62.9 million for the Tribal General Assistance
Program (GAP) to help Federally-recognized tribes and intertribal consortia develop,
implement and assume environmental programs. In FY 2010, 100 percent of Federally-
recognized tribes and intertribal consortia, 572 eligible entities, will have access to an
environmental presence.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants
The FY 2010, EPA requests $10.9 million for the Underground Injection Control grants
program. Ensuring safe underground injection of waste materials is a fundamental
component of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are provided to
states that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and maintain UIC
programs. EPA and the states will continue to address Classes I, II, and III existing
wells determined to be in significant violation and Class V wells determined to be in
violation in FY 2010. EPA and the states also will close or permit Motor Vehicle Waste
Disposal wells (Class V) identified during FY 2010. In addition, states and EPA will
process UIC permit applications for experimental carbon sequestration projects and
gather information from these pilots to facilitate the permitting of large scale commercial
carbon sequestration in the future.
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Categorical Grants
BEACH Act Grants
The FY 2010 request includes $9.9 million for the 35 states and territories with Great
Lakes or coastal shorelines to protect public health at the Nation's beaches. The
Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) of October
2000 authorizes EPA to award grants to help eligible states and territories develop and
implement beach bacteria monitoring and notification programs. These programs
inform the public about the risk of exposure to disease-causing microorganisms in
coastal waters (including the Great Lakes).
Non-Point Source Program Grants (NPS - Clean Water Act Section 319)
In FY 2010, EPA requests $200.9 million for Nonpoint Source Program grants to states,
territories, and tribes. These grants enable states to use a range of tools to implement
their programs including: both non-regulatory and regulatory programs, technical
assistance, financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer, and
demonstration projects. The request also eliminates the statutory one-third of one-
percent cap on Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants that may
be awarded to tribes. EPA's goal is to reduce annually the amount of runoff of
phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment through 319-funded projects by 4.5 million pounds,
8.5 million pounds, and 700,000 tons, respectively.
73
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74
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SRF Obligations by State
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources
State-by-State distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations
Fiscal Years 2008 to 2010 - Dollars in Thousands
The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA's two
largest State and Tribal Grant Programs, the Clean Water State Revolving Fund
and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. These tables do not reflect total
resources that EPA provides to individual states.
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SRF Obligations by State
Infrastructure Assistance:
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
(Dollars in Thousands)
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Tribal Resources
TOTAL:
FY 2008
ACT.
OBLIG.
$7,685.9
$10,584.1
$200.0
$7,294.8
$4,596.4
$50,847.2
$5,499.1
$21,537.4
$3,374.3
$9,105.6
$23,201.8
$11,621.6
$200.0
$13,608.4
$3,374.3
$31,575.7
$16,629.7
$14,639.4
$6,305.0
$22,370.0
$11,865.6
$5,320.8
$16,624.3
$23,337.0
$29,580.0
$12,633.5
$6,192.7
$29,689.5
$3,374.3
$3,515.7
$3,374.3
$10,803.8
$28,088.1
$6,078.3
$75,866.9
$12,405.3
$100.0
$200.0
$387.0
$14,087.4
$19,877.4
$69,742.7
$14,074.8
$11,774.5
$7,041.6
$3,374.3
$9,985.0
$61,878.5
$9,218.0
$5,307.3
$1,083.8
$14,154.2
$12,087.5
$10,804.5
$18,582.4
$3,374.3
$5,414.9
$835,550.9
FY 2009
EST.
OBLIG.
$7,685.9
$4,113.8
$617.1
$4,642.5
$4,496.4
$49,159.3
$5,498.2
$8,420.5
$3,374.3
$3,374.3
$23,201.9
$11,621.6
$446.5
$5,323.5
$3,374.3
$31,086.7
$16,565.2
$9,302.7
$6,204.3
$8,748.1
$7,556.1
$5,320.8
$16,624.3
$23,337.1
$29,554.8
$12,633.5
$6,192.7
$19,054.3
$3,374.3
$3,515.7
$3,374.3
$6,869.0
$28,088.2
$3,374.3
$75,867.7
$12,405.2
$3,374.3
$286.8
$38,695.5
$5,553.2
$7,764.7
$27,227.2
$8,964.9
$4,615.3
$7,041.6
$3,374.3
$9,985.0
$31,416.0
$3,621.6
$3,374.3
$358.2
$14,066.9
$11,953.2
$10,715.0
$18,582.3
$3,374.3
$10,336.0
$689,080.0
FY 2009
ARRA EST.
OBLIG.
$44,264.2
$23,691.9
$3,554.0
$26,737.0
$25,895.5
$283,116.5
$31,664.8
$48,495.3
$19,433.4
$19,433.4
$133,622.6
$66,930.6
$2,571.5
$30,658.9
$19,433.4
$179,033.4
$95,401.5
$53,575.8
$35,731.5
$50,381.9
$43,516.6
$30,643.2
$95,742.0
$134,401.2
$170,211.1
$72,758.6
$35,665.0
$109,739.2
$19,433.4
$20,247.5
$19,433.4
$39,559.5
$161,764.5
$19,433.4
$436,933.3
$71,443.5
$19,433.4
$1,651.7
$222,851.9
$31,981.9
$44,718.2
$156,805.6
$51,630.5
$26,580.4
$40,553.7
$19,433.4
$57,505.5
$180,931.6
$20,858.6
$19,433.4
$2,062.7
$81,013.4
$68,840.5
$61,709.2
$107,018.5
$19,433.4
$60,000.0
$3,969,000.0
FY2010
EST.
OBLIG.
$26,306.0
$14,080.0
$12,554.0
$15,890.0
$15,389.0
$168,254.0
$18,818.0
$28,820.0
$11,549.0
$11,549.0
$79,411.0
$39,776.0
$9,084.0
$18,220.0
$11,549.0
$106,398.0
$56,696.0
$31,840.0
$21,235.0
$29,942.0
$25,862.0
$18,211.0
$56,899.0
$79,874.0
$101,155.0
$43,240.0
$21,195.0
$65,217.0
$11,549.0
$12,033.0
$11,549.0
$23,510.0
$96,135.0
$11,549.0
$259,668.0
$42,458.0
$11,549.0
$5,835.0
$132,439.0
$19,007.0
$26,576.0
$93,188.0
$30,684.0
$15,797.0
$24,101.0
$11,549.0
$34,175.0
$107,526.0
$12,396.0
$11,549.0
$7,286.0
$48,146.0
$40,911.0
$36,673.0
$63,600.0
$11,549.0
$48,000.0
$2,400,000.0
Note: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 also included $31
Oversight (M&O) resources which were not allocated to a particular state or tribe. Adding the
the $3,969 million total shown equals the $4 billion ARRA appropriation.
million in Management and
$31 million in M&O funds, to
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SRF Obligations by State
Infrastructure Assistance:
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
(Dollars in Thousands)
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Tribal Resources
Undistributed National Resources
TOTAL:
FY 2008
ACT.
OBLIG.
$8,146.0
$16,375.0
$180.0
$24,157.2
$10,333.0
$69,552.8
$14,350.0
$16,375.0
$14,234.7
$14,156.8
$42,097.2
$22,882.0
$1,629.9
$8,229.0
$8,146.0
$33,226.0
$11,467.0
$10,387.0
$8,146.8
$17,173.0
$11,540.0
$8,146.0
$8,182.6
$21,813.0
$28,178.0
$14,667.0
$8,146.0
$16,024.4
$8,146.0
$8,315.7
$8,146.0
$8,229.0
$18,027.0
$8,229.0
$36,265.0
$27,695.0
$8,146.0
$350.1
$24,421.0
$13,600.2
$0.0
$28,821.4
$16,375.0
$8,229.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$8,454.0
$134,890.1
$8,146.0
$1,868.2
$2,547.8
$9,841.1
$35,107.0
$8,229.0
$15,770.0
$8,146.0
$7,279.9
$2,461.0
$949,968.9
FY 2009
EST.
OBLIG.
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$0.0
$23,118.0
$10,229.0
$66,424.0
$14,350.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$36,792.0
$22,882.0
$0.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$33,226.0
$11,367.0
$10,148.0
$8,146.0
$8,543.0
$11,540.0
$8,146.0
$11,209.0
$21,813.0
$28,178.0
$14,667.0
$8,146.0
$15,816.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$18,027.0
$8,146.0
$36,265.0
$27,414.0
$8,146.0
$0.0
$24,421.0
$13,151.0
$11,912.0
$27,437.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$8,454.0
$67,112.0
$8,146.0
$8,146.0
$0.0
$8,673.0
$17,464.0
$8,146.0
$15,770.0
$8,146.0
$14,435.0
$2,688.0
$829,029.0
FY 2009
ARRA EST.
OBLIG.
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$483.0
$55,340.0
$24,485.0
$159,008.0
$34,352.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$88,074.0
$54,775.0
$2,124.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$79,538.0
$27,212.0
$24,293.0
$19,500.0
$20,450.0
$27,626.0
$19,500.0
$26,832.0
$52,216.0
$67,454.0
$35,110.0
$19,500.0
$37,862.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$43,154.0
$19,500.0
$86,811.0
$65,625.0
$19,500.0
$1,829.0
$58,460.0
$31,481.0
$28,515.0
$65,681.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$20,238.0
$160,656.0
$19,500.0
$19,500.0
$1,999.0
$20,761.0
$41,806.0
$19,500.0
$37,750.0
$19,500.0
$30,000.0
$0.0
$1,980,000.0
FY2010
EST.
OBLIG.
$18,196.0
$14,680.0
$0.0
$29,483.0
$22,215.0
$137,318.0
$26,038.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$47,932.0
$34,688.0
$0.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$55,411.0
$24,485.0
$25,060.0
$17,960.0
$21,191.0
$27,742.0
$14,680.0
$22,777.0
$27,367.0
$44,591.0
$24,635.0
$15,278.0
$28,375.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$31,361.0
$14,680.0
$96,724.0
$38,497.0
$14,680.0
$0.0
$47,168.0
$18,239.0
$14,680.0
$43,011.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$16,315.0
$93,293.0
$14,680.0
$14,680.0
$0.0
$24,885.0
$37,477.0
$14,680.0
$25,308.0
$14,680.0
$0.0
$54,020.0
$1,500,000.0
Note: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 also included $20
Oversight (M&O) resources which were not allocated to a particular state or tribe. Adding the
the $1,980 million total shown equals the $2 billion ARRA appropriation.
million in Management and
$20 million in M&O funds to
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Infrastructure Financing
Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing
(Dollars in Millions)
Type / Grant
Delta
FY2009 FY2010 FY10PB-
Enacted PresBud FY09 EN
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
$689,080 $2,400,000 $1,710,920
$829,029 $1,500,000 $670,971
State Revolving Funds
Mexico Border
Alaska Native Villages
$1,518,109 $3,900,000 $2,381,891
$20,000 $10,000 -$10,000
$18,500 $10,000 -$8,500
Special Needs Projects
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant
Program*
California Emission Reduction Project
Grants
Brownfields Projects
Specified Infrastructure Grants
$38,500 $20,000 -$18,500
$60,000 $60,000 $0
$15,000 $0
$97,000 $100,000
$145,000
-$15,000
$3,000
$0 -$145,000
Infrastructure Assistance Total
$1,873,609 $4,080,000 $2,206,391
Tar Creek, Oklahoma
Hunter's Point, California
$0
$8,000
$0
$0
$0
-$8,000
Total: Infrastructure Assistance +
Specified Infrastructure Grants for
Tar Creek and Hunter's Point
$1,881,609 $4,080,000 $2,198,391
* Formerly the Clean School Bus
Initiative.
Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds
The 2010 President's Budget includes an unprecedented total of $4.1 billion for EPA's
Infrastructure programs in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) account.
Approximately $3.91 billion will support EPA's Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water; $110
million will support EPA's Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems; and $60
million will support Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change.
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Infrastructure Financing
Infrastructure and targeted projects funding under the STAG appropriation provides
financial assistance to states, municipalities, interstates, and Tribal governments to fund
a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air and Brownfields environmental projects.
These funds are essential to fulfill the Federal government's commitment to help our
state, Tribal and local partners obtain adequate funding to construct the facilities
required to comply with Federal environmental requirements and ensure public health
and revitalize contaminated properties.
Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA works
in partnership with the states to provide low-cost loans to municipalities for infrastructure
construction. All drinking water and wastewater projects are funded based on national
priority lists. Through SRF set-asides, grants are available to Indian tribes and US
territories for infrastructure projects. Grants also are available to Alaskan Rural and
Native Villages for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs. The Brownfields
Environmental Program provides states, tribes, and political subdivisions (including
cities, towns, and counties) the necessary tools, information, and strategies for
promoting a unified approach to environmental assessment, cleanup, characterization,
and redevelopment at sites contaminated with hazardous wastes and petroleum
contaminants.
The resources included in this budget will enable the Agency, in conjunction with EPA's
state, local, and Tribal partners, to achieve several important goals for 2010. Some of
these goals include:
- 90 percent of the population served by community water systems will receive
drinking water meeting all health-based standards.
- Award 225 assessment, cleanup, and revolving loan fund (RLF) grants under the
Brownfields program, bringing the cumulative total awarded to more than 2,400
by the end of FY 2010 and paving the way for productive reuse of these
properties. Brownfields grantees will also leverage 5,000 cleanup and
redevelopment jobs and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment funding.
Goal 1: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
In FY 2010, EPA will support the National Clean Diesel program, authorized in Sections
791-797 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. This program focuses on reducing
particulate matter (PM) by up to 95 percent from existing diesel engines, including on-
highway and non-road equipment and reducing other, smog-forming emissions such as
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Five sectors are targeted for reduction: freight,
construction, school buses, agriculture, and ports. Grants will be provided to eligible
entities in areas of the country that are not meeting ambient air quality standards. This
program will help provide immediate reductions by retrofitting the engines with emission
control technologies sooner than would otherwise occur through normal turnover of the
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Infrastructure Financing
fleet because these engines often remain in service for 20 or more years. EPA will
issue and manage various categories of Diesel Emission Reduction grants:
70 percent of the total funding available will be used to establish competitive
National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC) grants:
to directly fund and/or finance retrofits, rebuilds, and replacement
as well as fuel switching and fuel efficiency measures associated
with diesel trucks, ships, school buses and other diesel equipment;
up to 10 percent of those funds will be used to establish grants to
advance emerging diesel emission reduction technologies, with a
focus on new technologies applicable to ocean-going vessels,
harbor craft, and goods movement; and
competitive grants will be established to help qualifying entities
(states, local governments, ports etc) create innovative finance
programs that provide low cost, flexible loans for the purchase of
new and cleaner used equipment, as recommended by the
Agency's Environmental Finance Advisory Board (EFAB).
30 percent of the total funding available will be used in formula grants to states to
implement state diesel emission reduction programs defined under the DERA.
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds
The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a
true partnership between states, localities and the Federal government. These
programs provide Federal financial assistance to states, localities, and Tribal
governments to protect the nation's water resources by providing funds for the
construction of drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities. The state revolving
funds are two important elements of the nation's substantial investment in sewage
treatment and drinking water systems, which provides Americans with significant
benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe drinking water.
EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water
projects through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). CWSRF projects
include nonpoint source, estuary, storm water, and sewer overflow projects. The
dramatic progress made in improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the
1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 84 million people were served by secondary
or advanced wastewater treatment facilities. Today, 99.76 percent of community
wastewater treatment plants, serving 219.5 million people, use secondary treatment or
better. Water infrastructure projects supported by the program contribute to direct
ecosystem improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all
types of surface waters. While great progress has been made, many rivers, lakes and
ocean/coastal areas still suffer an enormous influx of pollutants after heavy rains. The
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Infrastructure Financing
contaminants result in beach closures, infect fish and degrade the ability of the
watersheds to sustain a healthy ecosystem.
The FY 2010 request includes $2.4 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Approximately
$27 billion has been provided to date to capitalize the CWSRF. Total CWSRF funding
available for loans since 1988 through June 2008, reflecting loan repayments, state
match dollars, and other funding sources, exceeds $70 billion.
Since its inception in 1997, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program
has made available $16.2 billion to finance 5,955 infrastructure improvement projects
nationwide, with a return of $1.94 for every $1 of Federal funds invested. As of June
30, 2008, $9.0 billion in capitalization grants have been awarded, amounting to
loans/assistance of $14.6 billion. The DWSRF will help offset the costs of ensuring safe
drinking water supplies and assisting small communities in meeting their
responsibilities.
Set-Asides for Tribes and Territories: To improve public health and water quality on
Tribal lands, the Agency is requesting increases to the Tribal set asides in the CWSRF
and DWSRF from 1.5 percent to up to 2 percent. Through this program, EPA
contributes to this goal which will provide for the development of sanitation facilities for
tribes and Alaska Native Villages. EPA is also requesting an increase to the SRF set
aside for territories from 0.25 percent to up to 1.5 percent for the CWSRF and from 0.33
percent for the DWSRF to up to 1.5 percent. The 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg
adopted the goal of reducing the number of people lacking access to basic sanitation by
50 percent by 2015.
Alaska Native Villages
The President's Budget provides $10 million for Alaska native villages for the
construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation
problems. EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human
Services' Indian Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health
Council, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance.
Goal 4: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Brownfields Environmental Projects
The President's Budget includes $100 million for Brownfields environmental projects.
EPA will award grants for assessment activities, cleanup, and revolving loan funds
(RLF). Additionally, this includes cleanup of sites contaminated by petroleum or
petroleum products and environmental job training grants. In FY 2010, the funding
provided will result in the assessment of 1,000 Brownfields properties. Using EPA grant
dollars, the Brownfields grantees will leverage 5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs
and $900 million in cleanup and redevelopment funding.
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Infrastructure Financing
Mexico Border
The President's Budget includes a total of $10 million for water infrastructure projects
along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and
human health risks along the U.S.-Mexico Border. EPA's U.S.-Mexico Border program
provides funds to support the planning, design and construction of high priority water
and wastewater treatment projects along the border. The Agency's goal is to provide
protection of people in the U.S.-Mexico border area from health risks by connecting
homes to potable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems.
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84
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Trust Funds
Trust Funds
(Dollars in Millions)
Superfund
Inspector General (Transfers)
Research & Development
(Transfers)
Superfund Total
Base Realignment and Closure2
LUST3
Trust Funds Total:
FY 2009
Enacted
Budget1
$
$1,249
$10
$26
$1,285
$0
$113
$1,398
FTE
3,032
60
110
3,202
76
75
3,277
FY2010
President's
Budget1
$
$1,272
$10
$27
$1,309
$0
$113
$1,422
FTE
3,018
66
110
3,193
65
75
3,269
1 Totals may not add due to rounding.
2 Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement.
3 EPAct Grants for Prevention activities are included in the FY 2009 Enacted and FY 2010 President's
Budget.
Superfund
In FY 2010, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,309 million in discretionary
budget authority and 3,193 total workyears for Superfund. Currently, 95 percent of the
1,5961 sites on the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) are either undergoing
cleanup construction, are completed, or are deleted.
Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $856 million and 1,415 total workyears are
for Superfund cleanups. The Agency's Superfund cleanup program addresses public
health and environmental threats from uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances.
The Agency expects to demonstrate significant progress in reducing risks to human
health and the environment. In FY 2010, EPA and its partners anticipate completing
construction activities at 22 Superfund NPL sites to achieve the overall goal of 1,102
total construction completions by the end of FY 2010.
The Agency works with several Federal agencies that provide essential services in
areas where the Agency does not possess the specialized expertise. In FY 2010, other
Federal agencies, including the United States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and
1 This number reflects the final and deleted NPL sites as of April 12, 2009.
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Trust Funds
Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of the Interior, will provide support to
the Agency for Superfund cleanups.
Of the total funding requested, $199 million and 1,089 total workyears are for Superfund
enforcement related activities. One of the Superfund program's primary goals is to have
responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. The program focuses on maximizing all aspects of Potentially
Responsible Party (PRP) participation; including reaching a settlement with or taking an
enforcement action by the time of a Remedial Action start at 95 percent of non-Federal
Facility Superfund sites.
The Agency has also been encouraging the establishment and use of Special Accounts,
which provide EPA with the ability to clean up sites using funds provided by responsible
parties. At sites with multiple PRPs, funds recovered from individual responsible parties
and placed in special accounts can be provided to other PRP(s) as an incentive to
perform cleanup work they might not be willing to perform, or used by the agency to
fund cleanup. The result is the Agency can preserve appropriated Trust Fund dollars
for other sites where there are no viable PRPs. Where PRP negotiations and previous
enforcement actions fail, EPA uses its appropriation to cleanup sites and then seeks to
recover those costs from PRPs.
The FY 2010 President's Budget also includes resources supporting Agencywide
resource management and control functions. This includes essential infrastructure,
contract and grant administration, and financial accounting and other fiscal operations.
In addition, the Agency provides funds for Superfund program research and auditing.
The President's Budget requests $27 million and 110 total workyears to be transferred
to Research and Development. Research will enable EPA's Superfund program to
accelerate scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex
contaminated Superfund sites. The Superfund research program is driven by program
office needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of
characterizing and remediating sites, and reduce the scientific uncertainties for
improved decision-making at Superfund sites. The President's Budget also requests
$10 million and 66 total workyears to be transferred to the Inspector General for
program auditing.
The Superfund taxes on petroleum, chemical feedstock and corporate environmental
income expired in 1995. The Superfund taxes will be proposed for reinstatement to
generate a revenue level of over $1 billion beginning in January 2011 to over $2 billion
annually by 2019. The revenues will be placed in the Superfund Trust Fund and would
be available for appropriation from Congress to support the clean up of the Nation's
most contaminated sites within the Superfund program.
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Trust Funds
Base Realignment and Closure Act
The FY 2010 President's Budget requests 65 reimbursable workyears to conduct the
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) program (BRAC I-IV). EPA's participation in
the first four rounds of BRAC has been funded by an interagency agreement which
expires on September 30, 2011. Since 1993, EPA has worked with the Department of
Defense (DOD) and the states' environmental programs to make property
environmentally acceptable for transfer, while protecting human health and the
environment at realigning or closing military installations. Between 1988 and 2005, over
500 major military installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense
Logistics Agency have been slated for realignment or closure. Under the first four
rounds of BRAC (BRAC I-IV), 107 of those sites were identified as requiring accelerated
cleanup. EPA has participated in the acceleration process of the first four rounds of
BRAC The accelerated cleanup process strives to make parcels available for reuse as
quickly as possible, by transfer of uncontaminated or remediated parcels, lease of
contaminated parcels where cleanup is underway, or "early transfer" of contaminated
property undergoing cleanup. Seventy-two Federal facilities currently listed on the NPL
were identified under the fifth round of BRAC (BRAC V) as closing, realigning, or
gaining personnel.
The FY 2010 request does not include support for BRAC-related services to DOD at
BRAC V facilities. If EPA services are required at levels above its base for BRAC V
installations, the Agency will require reimbursement from DOD for the costs the Agency
incurs to provide those additional services.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
The FY 2010 President's Budget requests $113 million and 75 total workyears for the
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. The Agency, working with states
and tribes, addresses public health and environmental threats from releases through
prevention as well as cleanup. Not less than 80 percent of LUST appropriated funds will
be used in cooperative agreements for states and tribes to carry out specific purposes.
EPA will continue to work with the states to achieve more cleanups completed each
year, and reduce the backlog of 103,000 cleanups not yet completed. Since the
beginning of the Underground Storage Tank (UST) program, EPA has cleaned up
almost 80 percent (or 377,019) of all reported releases. In FY 2010, the LUST program
will achieve 30 cleanups in Indian Country that meet risk-based standards for human
exposure and groundwater migration.
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Acronyms
Environmental Protection Agency
List of Acronyms
AA Assistant Administrator
ACE/ITDS Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data System
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
ARA Assistant Regional Administrator
ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
B&F Buildings and Facilities
CAA Clean Air Act
CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
CAIR Clean Air Allowance Trading Program
CARE Community Action for a Renewed Environment
CAP Clean Air Partnership Fund
CBEP Community-Based Environmental Protection
CBP Customs and Border Protection
CCAP Climate Change Action Plan
CCTI Climate Change Technology Initiative
CEIS Center for Environmental Information and Statistics
CFO Chief Financial Officer
CG Categorical Grant
CSI Common Sense Initiative
CSO Combined Sewer Overflows
CWA Clean Water Act
CWAP Clean Water Action Plan
DBP Disinfectant By Products
DfE Design for the Environment
DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting System
EDP Environmental Leadership Project
EJ Environmental Justice
EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
EPAct Energy Policy Act of 2005
EPCRA Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act
EPM Environmental Programs and Management
EN Enacted (Budget)
ERRS Emergency Rapid Response Services
ESC Executive Steering Committee
ETI Environmental Technology Initiative
ETV Environmental Technology Verification
FAN Fixed Account Numbers
FCO Funds Certifying Officer
FASAB Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
FMFIA Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
FSMP Financial System Modernization Project
FQPA Food Quality Protection Act
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Acronyms
FTE Full-Time Equivalent
GAPG General Assistance Program Grants
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GPRA Government Performance and Results Act
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
HPV High Production Volume
HS Homeland Security
HWIR Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules
IAG Interagency Agreements
ICR Information Collection Rule
IFMS Integrated Financial Management System
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRM Information Resource Management
ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
ITMRA Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA Clinger/Cohen Act
LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology
M&O Management and Oversight
NAAQs National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAPA National Academy of Public Administration
NAS National Academy of Science
NATA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment
NCDC National Clean Diesel Campaign
NDPD National Data Processing Division
NEP National Estuary Program
NEPPS National Environmental Performance Partnership System
NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NIPP National Infrastructure Protection Plan
NOA New Obligation Authority
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPDWRs National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
NPL National Priority List
NPM National Program Manager
NPR National Performance Review
NPS Non-Point Source
OAM Office of Acquisition Management
OA Offi ce of th e Ad m i n i strato r
OAR Office of Air and Radiation
OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management
OCFO Office of the Chief Financial Officer
OCHP Office of Children's Health Protection
OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
OEI Office of Environmental Information
OERR Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
OFA Other Federal Agencies
OFPP Office of Federal Procurement Policy
OGC Office of the General Counsel
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Acronyms
OIA Office of International Affairs
OIG Office of the Inspector General
OMTR Open Market Trading Rule
OPAA Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability
OPPTS Office of Pesticides, Prevention and Toxic Substances
ORD Office of Research and Development
OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
OTAG Ozone Transport Advisory Group
OW Office of Water
PB President's Budget
PBTs Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics
PC&B Personnel, Compensation and Benefits
PM Particulate Matter
PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works
PPG Performance Partnership Grants
PRC Program Results Code
PWSS Public Water System Supervision
RC Responsibility Center
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
RGI Regional Geographic Initiative
RMP Risk Management Plan
RPIO Responsible Planning Implementation Office
RR Reprogramming Request
RWTA Rural Water Technical Assistance
S&T Science and Technology
SALC Sub-allocation (level)
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizations Act of 1986
SBO Senior Budget Officer
SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System
SITE Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
SLC Senior Leadership Council
SRF State Revolving Fund
SRO Senior Resource Official
STAG State and Tribal Assistance Grants
STORS Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor
SWP Source Water Protection
SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule
TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load
TRI Toxic Release Inventory
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
UIC Underground Injection Control
UST Underground Storage Tanks
WCF Working Capital Fund
WIF Water Infrastructure Funds
WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Project
WSI Water Security Initiative
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
www.epa.gov
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