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Practicas seguras
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Renovador certificado modelo
Curso de capacitacion inicial
Manual del instructor
EPA-740-R-09-001
M6dulO 1: tPor que hay que
preocuparse por la pintura a base
de plomo?
M6dulO 2: Reglamentos
M6dulO 3: Antes de comenzar
a trabajar
M6dulO 4: Contenga el polvo
mientras trabaja
M6dulO 5: Mientras trabaja
M6dulO 6: Actividades de
limpieza y verification del trabajo
M6dulO 7: Administration
de registros
M6dulO 8: Capacitacion para
renovadores no certificados
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Febrero de 2009
Este curso se publico inicialmente en junio de 2003 como un esfuerzo conjunto de la Oficina de
Prevention de la Contamination y Sustancias Toxicas de la Agenda de Protection Ambiental
de los Estados Unidos en asociacion con la Oficina de Viviendas Saludables y Control de
Peligros por Plomo del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo de los Estados Unidos. El curso
lo desarrollo originalmente ICF Consulting mediante un contrato con la EPA. En 2008
QuanTech, Inc. modified el curso extensamente despues de la promulgation de la EPA de la
regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
FebOQ
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Febrero de 2009
CURSO DE CAPACITACION INICIAL DE RENOVADOR CERTIFICADO
MANUAL DEL INSTRUCTOR
INDICE
Titulo
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Introduction
Modulo 1: ^Por que hay que preocuparse por la pintura a base de
plomo?
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras trabaja
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verification del trabajo
Modulo 7: Administration de registros
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no certificados
Apendice 1: Regla final de la EPA para el Programa de Renovacion,
Reparacion y Pintura (Codigo de Regulation Federal 40, Parte 745) de
la EPA
Apendice 2: Requisites del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo de
los Estados Unidos (HUD)
Apendice 3: Renovar correctamente: Information importante para
familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro
del plomo
Apendice 4: Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades pequenas
para renovar correctamente
Apendice 5: Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y pintura SEGURAS
CON EL PLOMO
Apendice 6: Ejercicios practices
Apendice 7: Reglamentos estatales y locales (Nota: Este Apendice se
dejo intencionadamente en bianco para permitir que los proveedores de
capacitacion agreguen los reglamentos estatales y locales aplicables).
Apendice 8: Situation normativa de desechos de contratistas y
residentes generados en actividades domesticas con pintura a base de
plomo
Apendice 9: Para obtener mas information
Numero de pagina
iii
1
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Este curso lo desarrollo originalmente la Agenda de Protection Ambiental de los Estados
Unidos (EPA), en colaboracion con el Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo (HUD) de los
Estados Unidos para capacitar a contratistas de renovacion, reparacion y pintura sobre como
trabajar de manera segura en viviendas con pintura a base de plomo y cumplir con la regla de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura (RRP) de la EPA y la regla sobre viviendas sin plomo del HUD.
Destinatarios: Entre los destinatarios de este curso se incluyen renovadores, remodeladores,
pintores, personal de mantenimiento y cualquier otro trabajador que retire o modifique
superficies pintadas. Probablemente tomaran este curso para obtener una certification EPA
como renovador certificado, que mejorara sus credenciales como contratistas privados y
tambien cumpliran con los requisites del HUD de capacitacion en controles provisionales en
viviendas de interes con ayuda federal. Como instructor, querra adaptar el curso para destacar
la information y los ejercicios que mejor satisfacen las necesidades de sus alumnos. Aunque
personalizar el curso para sus alumnos es adecuado hasta cierto punto, el material relacionado
con el HUD debe ensenarse a todas las personas en capacitacion, incluso si no trabajan
actualmente en unidades de vivienda de interes con ayuda federal. Todos los renovadores son
posibles contratistas de HUD y deben conocer y comprender esta information.
El programa de estudios y el horario: El programa de estudios consiste en una introduction y
ocho modules de instruction. La mayorfa de los modules incluye ejercicios interactivos. La
duration del curso dependera de lo que decida hacer el instructor de las actividades y cuanto
tiempo es necesario para comentar los requisites estatales y locales. A continuation se indican
dos posibles horarios de curso para un dfa de duration. El segundo horario concentra la
mayorfa de los ejercicios en una sola sesion hacia el final del dfa, antes de la revision y la
prueba. El curso tambien puede hacerse en varias sesiones mas cortas.
Descripcion general del programa sue
Registro y presentacion
(Incluye toma de fotograffas de los alumnos.)
Modulo 1: tPorque hay que preocuparse
por la pintura a base de plomo?
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Receso
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras trabaja
Almuerzo
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
Receso
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verificacion
del trabajo
Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
Receso
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no
certificados
Repaso
Prueba
erido (planificacion de clase 1)
Charla/debate de 15
minutos
Charla de 15 minutos
Ejercicio de 5 minutos
Charla de 45 minutos
15 minutos
Charla de 25 minutos
Ejercicio de 15 minutos
Charla de 45 minutos
Ejercicio de 45 minutos
1 hora
Charla de 40 minutos
Ejercicio de 10 minutos
10 minutos
Charla de 40 minutos
Ejercicio de 50 minutos
Charla de 20 minutos
5 minutos
40 minutos
10 minutos
30 minutos
8:00-8:15
8:15-8:35
8:35-9:20
9:20-9:35
9:35-10:15
10:15-11:45
11:45-12:45
12:45-1:35
1:35-1:45
1:45-3:15
3:15-3:35
3:35-3:40
3:40-4:20
4:20-4:30
4:30-5:00
Feb09
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Descripcion general del programa sug
Registro y presentacion
(Incluye toma de fotografias de los alumnos.)
Modulo 1: tPorque hay que preocuparse
por la pintura a base de plomo?
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Receso
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras trabaja
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
Almuerzo
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verificacion
del trabajo
Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no
certificados
Receso
Actividades practices
Repaso
Prueba
erido (planificacion de clase 2)
Charla/debate de 15
minutos
Charla de 15 minutos
Ejercicio de 5 minutos
Charla de 45 minutos
15 minutos
Charla de 25 minutos
Ejercicio de 15 minutos
Charla de 45 minutos
Charla de 40 minutos
1 hora
Charla de 40 minutos
Charla de 20 minutos
40 minutos
15 minutos
Ejercicios de 105 minutos
10 minutos
30 minutos
8:00-8:15
8:15-8:35
8:35-9:20
9:20-9:35
9:35-10:15
10:15-11:00
11:00-11:40
11:40-12:40
12:40-1:20
1:20-1:40
1:40-2:20
2:20-2:35
2:35-4:20
4:20-4:30
4:30-5:00
Preparacion para el curso: Lea los materiales del curso mucho antes de dar el curso. Aunque
las planificaciones de clase y las diapositivas proporcionan metodos integrales para ensenar
este curso, debera tomar algunas decisiones y preparar algunos materiales. Especfficamente:
Conozca a sus alumnos. Si va a dar este curso a contratistas tome en cuenta su trabajo y
necesidades especfficas. Escoja ejemplos y estructure los ejercicios en torno a actividades
que conocen. Los instructores deben cubrir los requisites del HUD en todos los cursos que
se impartan. Algunos renovadores que no estan haciendo trabajos del HUD en el momento
de la capacitacion pueden hacer trabajos del HUD durante los cinco anos de su
certification. En este curso, los requisites del HUD se cubren en el Modulo 2 y en los
cuadros de texto especfficos del HUD en las notas de los alumnos para las diapositivas y se
resumen en el Apendice 2.
Conozca su instalacion de capacitacion. Cuando la capacitacion se realiza en su propia
instalacion, tiene mas control de su entorno y generalmente tiene acceso a muchos mas
artfculos, herramientas y equipos que cuando realiza la capacitacion en el salon de un hotel
o un espacio de la comunidad. Cuando tome decisiones acerca de los tipos de ejercicios
que piensa hacer durante la capacitacion tenga en mente su instalacion de capacitacion, el
espacio y las herramientas disponibles y planifique conforme a ello.
Planifique su horario. Las planificaciones de clase proporcionadas en esta section son
ejemplos de distintas formas de organizar el curso. Aunque los ejercicios practices se
presentan como partes esenciales de los modules 3, 4, 5 y 6, (como se muestra en la
planificacion de clase 1), la mayorfa puede impartirse como un unico modulo practice al
final del curso (como se muestra en la planificacion de clase 2). Tenga presente que estas
planificaciones de clase se proporcionan solo como referenda. El instructor tiene la libertad
de crear su propia planificacion de clase que combine las diversas opciones de otras
maneras, siempre que el contenido y la duration del curso no se modifiquen
sustancialmente. Cuando planifique su horario, considere como asignarle suficiente tiempo
a los recesos y las actividades segun si el curso esta programado para un dfa complete,
dos medics dfas o varias sesiones vespertinas. Cuando planifique su tiempo, no debe
modificar de manera considerable el tiempo asignado para tratar temas especfficos, por
Feb09
IV
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
ejemplo, el contenido del modulo 4: La contention del polvo mientras trabaja debe recibir 90
minutos de tiempo de instruction total (45 minutos de charla y 45 minutos practices),
independientemente de si el componente de instalacion del trabajo del ejercicio practice se
imparte durante el modulo o con los demas componentes practices al final del curso. Puede
parecerle que es necesaria la compresion de los modules a fin de tener suficiente tiempo
para comentar los requisites estatales y locales. Como quiera que se de el curso, se deben
incluir dos horas de capacitacion practica para satisfacer los requisites de la regla RRP.
Planifique para administrar la prueba. Ademas de reforzar el aprendizaje de los
participates y ayudar a evaluar su comprension, aprobar la prueba del curso es obligatorio
para permitir que cada alumno sea un renovador certificado por la EPA. La certification del
renovador es obligatoria para todos los trabajadores y supervisors que trabajan en
viviendas de interes con ayuda federal a menos que sean supervisados por un supervisor
certificado en reduction. La certification del renovador incluye la aprobacion satisfactoria
del curso de capacitacion y de la prueba final del curso. Debe elaborar un modelo de
prueba a partir del material del curso y enviarlo a la EPA para su aprobacion con la solicitud
de acreditacion.
Reuna todos los materiales necesarios. En esta section se proporciona una lista de los
artfculos y las herramientas recomendados. Asegurese de que tenga todos los materiales
necesarios para realizar las actividades y demostraciones planificadas.
Materiales del curso: Los materiales del curso necesarios para impartir este curso incluyen
manuales del alumno, un manual del instructor, diapositivas para proyectar, listas de
suministros y una prueba, como se describe a continuation.
Materiales del curso
Manual del
alumno
Manual del
instructor
Diapositivas
para
proyectar
Listas de
articulos
Cada alumno debe recibir una copia impresa del manual del alumno. El manual
del alumno incluye fotograffas de todas las diapositivas para proyectar utilizadas
en el curso y las notas del alumno. Los manuales del alumno no se deben
imprimir sin las notas del alumno; las diapositivas de PowerPoint por si solas no
proporcionan suficiente information a los alumnos. El manual del alumno
tambien tiene apendices que incluyen ejercicios opcionales y una copia de los
Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y pintura SEGURAS CON EL
PLOMO, que se pueden utilizar en el trabajo para ensenar a trabajadores no
certificados como trabajar con el plomo de manera segura.
El manual del instructor incluye todos los materiales del manual del alumno mas
las notas del instructor para los instructores. La pagina de la derecha muestra la
diapositiva y las notas del manual del alumno mientras que la pagina de la
izquierda tiene las notas del instructor para esa diapositiva. El manual del
instructor tambien incluye respuestas a los ejercicios. Este manual proporciona
varias planificaciones de clase con sugerencias para ejercicios practices.
El instructor debe tener diapositivas para proyectar, electronicas o en
transparencias. Las diapositivas estan disponibles en PowerPoint y se pueden
hacer transparencias con ellas si se desea.
El instructor es responsable de crear tres listas de articulos: Instalacion, equipos
de protection personal y limpieza. Los articulos recomendados para incluirlos en
las listas de suministros aparecen en la siguiente tabla.
FebOQ
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Materiales del curso
Prueba
Este curso incluye una prueba. Los instructores son responsables de desarrollar
su propio modelo de prueba y de presentarlo para que se apruebe antes de
hacer su solicitud para convertirse en proveedor de capacitacion acreditado. Las
planificaciones de clase del curso proporcionan 30 minutos para la prueba. Si su
modelo de prueba requiere un tiempo de prueba mas largo ajuste la planificacion
de clase conforme a ello.
Articulos y herramientas para la sala de clases: Para impartir correctamente este curso, el
instructor necesita artfculos de sala de clases estandar as! como una serie de herramientas
especiales para demostrar las practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo y realizar ejercicios
practices. La siguiente tabla proporciona una lista de artfculos recomendados. Reconocemos
que los instructores tal vez no sean capaces de transportar todas las herramientas y materiales
indicados a continuation a un determinado lugar de capacitacion, o la lista de artfculos puede
variar ligeramente dependiendo de si el instructor va a simular una actividad interior o exterior.
En consecuencia, la lista sirve solo como una lista de verification de los artfculos
recomendados. El instructor debe consultar la planificacion de clase y cada modulo para
determinar cuales suministros son esenciales para impartir el curso como lo ha planificado.
Suministros recomendados para la sala de clases
Manual del instructor
Manuales del alumno, uno por alumno
Computadora, computadora portatil o unidad USB
Proyectora de diapositivas o proyector para computadora
Presentation del curso en PowerPoint o transparencias
Pantalla de proyeccion
Pizarron, pizarron bianco o papel para rotafolio y atril
Marcadores adecuados para pizarron, pizarron bianco o rotafolio
Cinta de enmascarar
Dfpticos con el nombre de cada alumno (un dfptico es una hoja de papel grueso de 81/4" x
11" que se dobla a lo largo; el papel debe tener el grosor suficiente para que no se aplane
cuando se coloque sobre la mesa despues de doblarlo)
Bolsa para elimination de alta resistencia y cinta adhesiva para conductos
Un paquete de edulcorante
Pala y escoba
Juegos de prueba para plomo
Panos de limpieza desechables (de color bianco y cargados electrostaticamente, disenados
para limpiar superficies duras)
Trapeador con mango largo donde se puedan colocar los panos de limpieza desechables
Muestrario laminado de pinturas (1 cm2) en un carton o en un tubo de ensayo sellado
Enchufe multiple
Feb 09 vi
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Articulos recomendados para las actividades practices
Lista de suministros del juego de pruebas
Cubierta de plastico desechable de 2' por 2'
Cubrezapatos desechables
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA con instrucciones del fabricante
Bolsas de basura de alta resistencia
Aspiradora aprobada por HEPA con accesorios
Suministros especfficos del equipo, segun lo necesiten las instrucciones del fabricante
Tarjeta de verification de pruebas proporcionada por el fabricante con capas de pintura a
base de plomo
Superficie de madera pintada sin capa de pintura a base de plomo
Registro de progreso del asistente
Pluma o lapiz
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de protection)
Formulario de documentation del juego de pruebas
Camara digital (opcional)
Tarjetas de Indice numeradas (opcional)
Lista de articulos para la instalacion
Cinta de barrera
Mango de escoba, o espigas, o mango de metal o madera de 1" x 1" x 30"
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Almohadilla adhesiva desechable
Puerta que se usara en la instalacion de ingreso al area de trabajo
Estacas de cerca
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cubiertas magneticas
Conos anaranjados
Cuerda o cinta de barrera (de preferencia de color brillante)
Engrapadora y grapas
Cinta (para conductos, adhesiva protectora y de enmascarar), cinta metrica
Letreros de advertencia
Sistemas de contention disenados previamente (opcionales para el conjunto de destrezas
2)
Feb 09 vii
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Articulos recomendados para las actividades practices (continuacion)
Lista de articulos para los equipos de proteccion personal (PPE, porsus siglas en
ingles)
Overoles desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Cubrezapatos desechables
Proteccion para los ojos
Guantes de trabajo de lona o cuero
Mascarilla respiratoria N-100
Bolsas de desperdicio desechables
Cinta para conductos
Instalaciones para lavarse las manos y jabon
Lista de articulos para limpieza
Talco para bebes o almidon de mafz
Tarjeta de verification de limpieza; cada alumno tomara y guardara una
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cubrezapatos desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Panos de limpieza desechables, de color bianco y cargados electrostaticamente,
disenados para limpiar superficies duras
Linterna
Rociador dejardfn
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Aspiradoras aprobadas por HEPA con accesorios y una barra sacudidora electrica
Trapeador con mango largo, disenado para toallas de limpieza humedas
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Cinta metrica
Balde para trapeador de dos lados con escurridora (o equivalente); cabezas
desechables de trapeador; trapeador con mango largo donde se puedan colocar los
panos de limpieza desechables; o un sistema de limpieza humedo.
Reloj de pared o pulsera
Feb 09 viii
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificaciones de clase: Las dos planificaciones de clase son ejemplos de distintas formas
de impartir el curso. Tenga presente que el instructor tiene la libertad de tomar prestado de
estas dos planificaciones de clase lo que mejor se ajuste a las necesidades de un publico o una
instalacion determinada. Sin embargo, para cumplir los objetivos de este curso, el instructor
debe cumplir las gufas acerca del tiempo asignado a cada tema.
Descripcion del curso
Modulo
Introduccion
Modulo 1: ^Porque hay
que preocuparse por la
pintura a base de plomo?
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Modulo 3:
Antes de comenzar a
trabajar
Modulo 4: Contenga el
polvo mientras trabaja
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
Modulo 6: Actividades de
limpieza y verificacion del
trabajo
Modulo 7: Administration
de registros
Modulo 8: Capacitacion
para renovadores no
certificados
Prueba
Componentes
Charla
Presentaciones de los
asistentes del curso
Charla
Ejercicio/demostracion
(consulte Ejercicios)
Charla
Ejercicio y lista de verificacion
Demostracion del juego de
pruebas para plomo y
ejercicio (consulte Ejercicios)
Charla
Ejercicio de instalacion
(consulte Ejercicios)
Charla
Ejercicio de equipos de
protection personal (consulte
Ejercicios)
Charla
Demostracion de sello de
cuello de cisne y ejercicio
Demostracion de verificacion
de limpieza
Demostracion de aprobacion
Ejercicio de limpieza
Charla
Charla
Prueba
Ejercicios
Ninguno
Ejercicio con muestrario de color de
pintura
Ejercicio con paquete de edulcorante
Nota: Son demostraciones del
instructor.
Ninguno
Demostracion de los juegos de prueba
y ejercicios practices
El ejercicio se puede realizar durante el
modulo 4 o se puede posponer hasta
despues del modulo 8, junto con los
ejercicios practices de los modules 5 y
6.
El ejercicio se puede realizar durante el
modulo 5 o se puede posponer hasta
despues del modulo 8, junto con los
ejercicios practices de los modules 4 y
6.
El ejercicio se puede realizar durante el
modulo 6 o se puede posponer hasta
despues del modulo 8, junto con los
ejercicios practices de los modules 4 y
5.
Ninguno
Ninguno
Prueba
FebOQ
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 1: Actividades practices que se incluyen en los modules
Introduccion 15minutos
1 : Practicas seguras para trabajar con el
plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion
y pintura
2: Programa del curso
3: Description general del manual de
capacitacion
4: Aprenderan a:
5: Este curso...
Mensaje clave: Los renovadores
desempenan una funcion en la prevention
del envenenamiento con plomo.
Notas: Este modulo es sencillo.
Presente las diapositivas de manera rapida.
Enfatice que esta capacitacion se aplica a
trabajos en viviendas construidas antes de
1978 y que se requieren precauciones
adicionales si una propiedad residencial
recibe fondos federales. Tambien es
posible que existan requisites adicionales
cuando una propiedad recibe fondos
estatales o locales.
Preparacion para este modulo: Revise la
lista de alumnos antes de iniciar la sesion,
para que sepa algo sobre el publico.
Modulo 1 : iPor que hay que preocuparse por la pintura a base de plomo? 20 minutos
1-1: Modulo 1: ^Porque hay que preocuparse
por la pintura a base de plomo?
1-2: ^Que es la pintura a base de plomo?
1-3: Riesgos del plomo para la salud
1-4: Los sfntomas del envenenamiento con
plomo no siempre son obvios
1-5: ^Por que el polvo y los escombros
constituyen un problema?
1-6: Una pequena cantidad de polvo puede
recorrer largas distancias
1-7: Video sobre un contratista que enveneno a
sus propios hijos
1-8: Video sobre el padre de un menor
envenenado por una renovacion
~
1-9: Ahora ya saben...
j
Mensaje clave: El polvo es un problema y
los contratistas generan polvo. Al manipular
el plomo de manera segura, ustedes
pueden marcar la diferencia.
Notas: Este modulo incluye una
demostracion del instructor, seguida de
diapositivas.
Charla (15 minutos)
Demostracion con paquete de
edulcorante y muestrario de colores
de la pintura (5 minutos).
Preparacion para este modulo: Tenga los
materiales listos para el ejercicio y la
demostracion.
Materiales necesarios: Muestrario laminado
de pinturas, paquete de edulcorante, pala
plastica, escoba, juego para limpiar el
polvo.
Modulo 2: Reglamentos 45 minutos
2-1: Modulo 2: Reglamentos
2-2: La regla RRP
2-3: La regla RRP: Exclusiones
2-4: La regla RRP: Estipulacion de renuncia
voluntaria
2-5: La regla RRP: Certification de empresa
Mensaje clave: Conozca las reglas de la
Agenda de Protection Ambiental y del
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo.
Estas reglas determinan las exigencias
especfficas y dependientes del desempeno
que se deben lograr para conseguir el
cumplimiento.
FebOQ
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 1: Actividades practices que se incluyen en los modules
(continuacion)
Modulo 2: Reglamentos (continuacion)
45 minutos
2-6: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades de la
empresa
2-7: La regla RRP: Certification individual
2-8: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades del
renovador certificado
2-9: La regla RRP: Normas de practicas
laborales
2-10: La regla RRP: Cumplimiento de la ley
2-11: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
2-12: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo: Practicas
laborales seguras
2-13: La regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo se refiere a:
2-14: Conozca las reglas de la Agencia de
Protection Ambiental y del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo
2-15: Reglamentos estatales y locales
2-16: Ahora ya saben...
Notas: Conozca a su publico. Cada
contratista debe conocer todos los
reglamentos.
Preparation para este modulo: Revise los
materiales por adelantado. Lea todos los
reglamentos federales, estatales y locales.
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
40 minutos
3-1: Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
3-2: Eduque a los propietarios y residentes
3-3: ^Que tan comun es el uso de pinturas a
base de plomo en viviendas?
3-4: Como determinar si hay pintura a base de
plomo
3-5: Mediante los kits de pruebas reconocidos
por la EPA para verificar la presencia de pintura
a base de plomo
3-6: Ejercicio practice del juego de pruebas
3-7: Uso de cuadros logicos para decidir
3-8: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Planifique antes de
comenzar a trabajar.
Notas: Este modulo es muy interactive. Hay
un breve contexto que antecede el tema.
Los asistentes plantean preguntas antes de
hablar sobre el material y de llenar una lista
de verification para la planificacion. Los
asistentes tambien aprenden cuando y
como usar los kits de pruebas de plomo.
Charla (25 minutos)
Ejercicio practice (15 minutos): Los
alumnos aprenderan cuando y como
usar los kits de pruebas de plomo.
Consulte el conjunto de destrezas N°
1.
Preparation para este modulo: Revise por
adelantado el conjunto de destrezas N° 1.
Consulte la lista de artfculos del juego de
pruebas para saber que materiales se
necesitan.
FebOQ
XI
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 1: Actividades practices que se incluyen en los modules
(continuacion)
Modulo 4: Contencion del polvo mientras trabaja 90 minutos
4-1: Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras
trabaja
4-2: ^Que es la contention?
4-3: Mantenga el polvo dentro de la contention
4-4: Contencion interior: Limite el acceso y
coloque letreros
4-5: Contencion interior: Retire o cubra las
pertenencias
4-6: Contencion interior: Cubra los pisos
4-7: Contencion interior: Cierre ventanas,
puertas, sistemas de climatizacion
4-8: Contencion interior: Trabaje en la puerta de
ingreso al area
4-9: Description general de los pasos para la
contencion interior
4-10: Contencion exterior: Defina un area de
trabajo
4-11: Contencion exterior: Cierre ventanas y
puertas
4-12: Contencion exterior: Precauciones
adicionales
4-13: Description general de los pasos para la
contencion exterior
4-14: Ejercicio practice: Contencion interior y
exterior (conjuntos de destrezas N° 2-5)
4-15: Preguntas despues del ejercicio practice
4-16: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Mantenga el polvo en el
area de trabajo y facilite la limpieza.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas hay un
ejercicio.
Diapositivas (45 minutos)
Ejercicio practice (45 minutos): Los
alumnos instalan la contencion en un
area pequena. Colocan y fijan el
plastico. El instructor demuestra como
hacer una protection plastica para
puerta.
Preparation para este modulo: Prepare
materiales para un ejercicio practice e
identifique las ubicaciones apropiadas para
que los grupos trabajen.
Materiales necesarios: Consulte la lista de
artfculos para la instalacion a fin de saber
que materiales se necesitan.
~
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja 50 minutos
5-1: Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
5-2: Las renovaciones tradicionales crean
polvo con plomo en el aire
5-3: Practicas prohibidas
5-4: Herramientas especializadas
5-5: Protejase
5-6: Controle la propagation del polvo
5-7: Limpieza mientras trabaja
5-8: Ejercicios: Equipos de protection personal
(conjunto de destrezas N° 6)
5-9: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Las practicas tradicionales
producen polvo, mientras las practicas sin
plomo lo disminuyen, lo cual aumenta la
seguridad de la renovacion, reparacion y
pintura.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas se
realiza un ejercicio
j
Diapositivas (40 minutos)
Ejercicio practice (10 minutos)
Preparation para este modulo: Prepare una
lista con las tareas que deberan realizar los
asistentes y los materiales para el ejercicio
practice.
Materiales necesarios: Consulte la lista de
suministros para el equipo de protection
personal.
Planificacion de clase 1: Actividades practices que se incluyen en los modules
FebOQ
XII
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
(continuacion)
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verificacion del trabajo
90 minutos
6-1: Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y
verificacion del trabajo
6-2: ^Que es una limpieza eficaz?
6-3: Requisites de limpieza interior
6-4: Procedimiento de inspection visual
6-5: Procedimiento de verificacion de la
limpieza (CV)
6-6: Examen de aprobacion referente al polvo
6-7: Requisites de limpieza exterior
6-8: Exterior - Verifique la eficacia de la
limpieza
6-9: Desechado
6-10: Desechado - Information federal, estatal
y local
6-11: Ejercicio: Procedimiento de limpieza y
verificacion de la limpieza (conjuntos de
destrezas N°7-11)
6-12: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Haga la limpieza
correctamente. Utilice trapeadores
humedos y aspiradoras aprobadas por
HEPA. Los metodos tradicionales no
sirven.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas se
realiza un ejercicio
Diapositivas (40 minutos)
Ejercicio practice (50 minutos)
Preparacion para este modulo: Prepare los
materiales para un ejercicio practice, las
demostraciones de verificacion y de
aprobacion de limpieza.
Materiales necesarios: Panos de limpieza
desechables, tarjetas de verificacion de
limpieza, materiales de muestreo para
toallas de limpieza del polvo y las
herramientas enumeradas en la lista de
suministros para limpieza.
Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
20 minutos
7-1: Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
7-2: Registros del lugar de trabajo
7-3: Administracion de registros: Registros
educacionales previos a la renovacion
7-4: Confirmation de muestra del recibo de
Renovar correctamente
7-5: Administracion de registros: Capacitacion
para renovador no certificado
7-6: Administracion de registros: Informes del
juego de pruebas
7-7: Administracion de registros: Informes
posteriores a la renovacion
7-8: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Los registros deben estar
completos, exactos y organizados.
Notas: Este modulo corresponde a una
charla. Los asistentes averiguaran que
registros deben conservar.
Preparacion para este modulo: Repase,
para que conozca el contenido.
FebOQ
XIII
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 1: Actividades practices que se incluyen en los modules
(continuacion)
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no certificados 40 minutos
8-1: Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no
certificados
8-2: La ensenanza de practicas laborales de
seguridad con el plomo significa:
8-3: Funcion del renovador certificado
8-4: Funcion de los renovadores capacitados pero
no certificados
8-5: Pasos para la ensenanza de seguridad con el
plomo en los trabajos de renovacion
8-6: Use la gufa de "Pasos"
8-7: Paso 1: Determine si el trabajo comprende
pintura a base de plomo
8-8: Paso 2: Organfcelo de forma segura
8-9: Paso 2: Organfcelo de forma segura
(continuacion)
8-10: Paso 3: Protejase
8-11: Paso 4: Controle la propagation del polvo
8-12: Paso 5: Deje limpia el area de trabajo
8-13: Paso 6: Controle los desechos
8-14: Paso 7: Verification o pruebas de aprobacion
de limpieza
8-15: Documentation de Capacitacion
8-16: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Los renovadores
certificados ensenan las practicas
laborales de seguridad con el plomo
a los renovadores no certificados.
Notas: Enfatice que esta
Capacitacion pretende dar a los
renovadores certificados las
herramientas y destrezas necesarias
para efectuar la Capacitacion de "caja
de herramientas" en la obra o la
Capacitacion en aula para
renovadores no certificados. Toda la
Capacitacion debe apuntar
principalmente a que los alumnos
aprendan a efectuar las tareas
necesarias para que se puedan
desempenar como renovadores no
certificados en el lugar de trabajo. Se
deben enfatizar particularmente las
destrezas practicas y las actividades
de practicas laborales seguras con el
plomo, utilizando el maximo posible
de instruccion practica.
Preparation para este modulo:
Repase, para que conozca el
contenido.
Repaso 10 minutos
Repase los temas y las reglas principales para la
prueba
Prueba 30 minutos
Tome la prueba (30 minutos)
Los instructores son responsables de
desarrollar su propio modelo de
prueba y de presentarlo para que se
apruebe antes de elevar su solicitud
para convertirse en proveedor de
Capacitacion acreditado.
Tiempo total de instruccion 7 horas 30 minutos
FebOQ
XIV
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 2: Actividades practices consolidadas en una unidad
NOTA: Los modulos son los mismos que en la planificacion de clase 1 excepto por que todos los
ejercicios practices de los modulos 4 al 6se movieron y se combinaron en un solo gran bloque
practico en la sesion de la tarde.
Introduccion 15minutos
1 : Practicas seguras para trabajar con el
plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion
y pintura
2: Programa del curso
3: Description general del manual de
capacitacion
4: Aprenderan a:
5: Este curso...
Mensaje clave: Los renovadores
desempenan una funcion en la prevention
del envenenamiento por plomo.
Notas: Este modulo es sencillo.
Presente las diapositivas de manera rapida.
Enfatice que esta capacitacion se aplica a
trabajos en viviendas construidas antes de
1978 y que se requieren precauciones
adicionales si una propiedad residencial
recibe fondos federales. Tambien es posible
que existan requisites adicionales cuando
una propiedad recibe fondos estatales o
locales.
Preparacion para este modulo: Revise la
lista de alumnos antes de iniciar la sesion,
para que sepa algo sobre el publico.
Modulo 1 : iPor que hay que preocuparse por la pintura a base de plomo? 20 minutos
1-1: Modulo 1: ^Porque hay que preocuparse
por la pintura a base de plomo?
1-2: ^Que es la pintura a base de plomo?
1-3: Riesgos del plomo para la salud
1-4: Los sfntomas del envenenamiento con
plomo no siempre son obvios
1-5: ^Por que el polvo y los escombros
constituyen un problema?
1-6: Una pequena cantidad de polvo puede
recorrer largas distancias
1-7: Video sobre un contratista que enveneno a
sus propios hijos
1-8: Video sobre el padre de un menor
envenenado por una renovacion
1-9: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: El polvo es un problema y
los contratistas generan polvo. Al manipular
el plomo de manera segura, ustedes
pueden marcar la diferencia.
Notas: Este modulo incluye una
demostracion del instructor, seguida de
diapositivas.
Diapositivas (15 minutos)
Demostracion con paquete de
edulcorante y muestrario de colores
de la pintura (5 minutos).
Preparacion para este modulo: Tenga los
materiales listos para el ejercicio y la
demostracion.
Materiales necesarios: Muestrario laminado
de pinturas, paquete de edulcorante, pala,
escoba, juego para limpiar el polvo.
Modulo 2: Reglamentos 45 minutos
2-1: Modulo 1: Reglamentos
2-2: La regla RRP
2-3: La regla RRP: Exclusiones
2-4: La regla RRP: Estipulacion de renuncia
voluntaria
2-5: La regla RRP: Certification de empresa
Mensaje clave: Conozca las reglas de la
Agenda de Protection Ambiental y del
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo.
Estas reglas determinan las exigencias
especfficas y dependientes del desempeno
que se deben lograr para conseguir el
cumplimiento.
FebOQ
xv
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 2: Ejercicios practices consolidados en una unidad (continuacion)
Modulo 2: Reglamentos (continuacion)
45 minutos
2-6: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades de la
empresa
2-7: La regla RRP: Certification individual
2-8: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades del
renovador certificado
2-9: La regla RRP: Normas de practicas
laborales
2-10: La regla RRP: Cumplimiento de la ley
2-11: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
2-12: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo:
Practicas laborales seguras
2-13: La regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo se refiere a:
2-14: Conozca las reglas de la Agencia de
Protection Ambiental y del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo
2-15: Reglamentos estatales y locales
2-16: Ahora ya saben...
Notas: Conozca a su publico. Cada
contratista debe conocer todos los
reglamentos.
Preparation para este modulo: Revise los
materiales por adelantado. Lea todos los
reglamentos federales, estatales y locales.
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
40 minutos
3-1: Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
3-2: Eduque a los propietarios y residentes
3-3: ^Que tan comun es el uso de pinturas a
base de plomo en viviendas?
3-4: Como determinar si hay pintura a base de
plomo
3-5: Mediante los kits de pruebas con
reconocimiento de la EPA para verificar la
presencia de pintura a base de plomo
3-6: Ejercicio practice del juego de pruebas
3-7: Uso de cuadros logicos para decidir
3-8: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Planifique antes de
comenzar a trabajar.
Notas: Este modulo es muy interactive. Hay
un breve contexto que antecede el tema.
Los asistentes plantean preguntas antes de
hablar sobre el material y de llenar una lista
de verification para la planificacion. Los
asistentes tambien aprenden cuando y
como usar los kits de pruebas de plomo.
Charla: (25 minutos)
Ejercicio practice (15 minutos): Los
alumnos aprenderan cuando y como usar
los kits de pruebas de plomo. Consulte el
conjunto de destrezas N° 1.
Preparation para este modulo: Revise por
adelantado el conjunto de destrezas N° 1.
Consulte la lista de suministros del juego
de pruebas para saber que materiales se
necesitan.
FebOQ
XVI
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 2: Ejercicios practices consolidados en una unidad (continuacion)
Modulo 4: Contencion del polvo mientras trabaja 45 minutos
4-1: Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras
trabaja
4-2: ^Que es la contention?
4-3: Mantenga el polvo dentro de la contention
4-4: Contencion interior: Limite el acceso y
coloque letreros
4-5: Contencion interior: Retire o cubra las
pertenencias
4-6: Contencion interior: Cubra los pisos
4-7: Contencion interior: Cierre ventanas,
puertas, sistemas de climatizacion
4-8: Contencion interior: Trabaje en la puerta
de ingreso al area
4-9: Description general de los pasos para la
contencion interior
4-10: Contencion exterior: Defina un area de
trabajo
4-11: Contencion exterior: Cierre ventanas y
puertas
4-12: Contencion exterior: Precauciones
adicionales
4-13: Description general de los pasos para la
contencion exterior
4-14: Ejercicio practice: Contencion interior y
exterior
4-15: Preguntas despues del ejercicio practice
4-16: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Mantenga el polvo en el
area de trabajo y facilite la limpieza.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas hay un
ejercicio.
Diapositivas: 45 minutos
Ejercicio practice: Pospuesto para el
ejercicio grande de la tarde.
Preparation para este modulo: Prepare
materiales para un ejercicio practice e
identifique las ubicaciones apropiadas en
las que trabajaran los grupos.
Materiales necesarios: Consulte la lista de
artfculos para la instalacion a fin de saber
que materiales se necesitan.
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
40 minutos
5-1: Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
5-2: Las renovaciones tradicionales crean
polvo con plomo en el aire
5-3: Practicas prohibidas
5-4: Herramientas especializadas
5-5: Protejase
5-6: Controle la propagation del polvo
5-7: Limpieza mientras trabaja
5-8: Ejercicios: Equipos de protection personal
(conjunto de destrezas N° 6)
5-9: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Las practicas tradicionales
producen polvo, mientras las practicas sin
plomo lo disminuyen, lo cual aumenta la
seguridad de la renovacion, reparacion y
pintura.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas se
realiza un ejercicio
Diapositivas: 40 minutos
Ejercicio practice: Pospuesto para el
ejercicio grande de la tarde.
Preparation para este modulo: Prepare una
lista con las tareas que deberan realizar los
asistentes y los materiales para el ejercicio
practice.
Materiales necesarios: Consulte la lista de
suministros para el equipo de protection
personal.
FebOQ
XVII
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Planificacion de clase 2: Ejercicios practices consolidados en una unidad (continuacion)
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verificacion del trabajo 40 minutos
6-1: Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y
verificacion del trabajo
6-2: ^Que es una limpieza eficaz?
6-3: Requisites de limpieza interior
6-4: Procedimiento de inspection visual
6-5: Procedimiento de verificacion de la
limpieza (CV)
6-6: Examen de aprobacion referente al polvo
6-7: Requisites de limpieza exterior
6-8: Exterior - Verifique la eficacia de la
limpieza
6-9: Desechado
6-10: Desechado - Information federal, estatal
y local
6-11: Ejercicio: Procedimiento de limpieza y
verificacion de la limpieza (conjuntos de
destrezas N°7-11)
6-12: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Haga la limpieza
correctamente. Utilice trapeadores humedos
y aspiradoras aprobadas por HEPA. Los
metodos tradicionales no sirven.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas se
realiza un ejercicio
Diapositivas (40 minutos)
Ejercicio practice: Pospuesto para el
ejercicio grande de la tarde.
Preparacion para este modulo: Prepare los
materiales para el ejercicio practice y la
demostracion de aprobacion.
Materiales necesarios: Panos de limpieza
desechables, tarjetas de verificacion de
limpieza, materiales de muestreo para
toallas de limpieza del polvo y las
herramientas enumeradas en la lista de
suministros para limpieza.
Modulo 7: Administracion de registros 20 minutos
7-1: Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
7-2: Registros del lugar de trabajo
7-3: Administracion de registros: Registros
educacionales previos a la renovacion
7-4: Confirmation de muestra del recibo de
Renovar correctamente
7-5: Administracion de registros: Capacitacion
para renovador no certificado
7-6: Administracion de registros: Informes del
juego de pruebas
7-7: Administracion de registros: Informes
posteriores a la renovacion
7-8: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Los registros deben estar
completes, exactos y organizados.
Notas: Este modulo corresponde a una
charla. Los asistentes averiguaran que
registros deben conservar.
Preparacion para este modulo: Repase,
para que conozca el contenido.
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no certificados 40 minutos
8-1: Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores
no certificados
8-2: La ensenanza de practicas laborales de
seguridad con el plomo significa:
8-3: Funcion del renovador certificado
8-4: Funcion de los renovadores capacitados
pero no certificados
8-5: Pasos para la ensenanza de seguridad
con el plomo en los trabajos de renovacion
8-6: Use la gufa de "Pasos"
8-7: Paso 1: Determine si el trabajo comprende
pintura a base de plomo
Mensaje clave: Los renovadores certificados
ensenan las practicas laborales de
seguridad con el plomo a los renovadores
no certificados.
Notas: Enfatice que esta Capacitacion
pretende dar a los renovadores certificados
las herramientas y destrezas necesarias
para efectuar la Capacitacion de "caja de
herramientas" en la obra o la Capacitacion
en aula para renovadores no certificados.
Toda la Capacitacion debe apuntar
Planificacion de clase 2: Ejercicios practices consolidados en una unidad (continuacion)
FebOQ
XVIII
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no certificados (continuacion) 40 minutos
8-8: Paso 2: Organfcelo de forma segura
8-9: Paso 2: Organfcelo de forma segura
(continuacion)
8-10: Paso 3: Protejase
8-11: Paso 4: Controle la propagation del
polvo
8-12: Paso 5: Deje limpia el area de trabajo
8-13: Paso 6: Controle los desechos
8-14: Paso 7: Verificacion o pruebas de
aprobacion de limpieza
8-15: Documentation de capacitacion
8-16: Ahora ya saben...
principalmente a que los alumnos aprendan
como efectuar las tareas necesarias para
que se puedan desempenar como
renovadores no certificados en el lugar de
trabajo. Se deben enfatizar particularmente
las destrezas practicas y las actividades de
practicas laborales seguras con el plomo,
utilizando el maximo posible de instruccion
practica.
Preparacion para este modulo: Repase, para
que conozca el contenido.
Actividades practices 105 minutos
Apendice 6: Ejercicios practices para los modules
4, 5y6.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 2. Instalacion de
barreras, letreros y puertas con proteccion
plastica
Conjunto de destrezas N° 3. Cubrimiento o
retire de muebles
Conjunto de destrezas N° 4. Instalacion de
contencion interior
Conjunto de destrezas N° 5. Instalacion de
j
contencion exterior
Conjunto de destrezas N° 6. Equipo de
proteccion personal
Conjunto de destrezas N° 7. Limpieza final de
interiores
Conjunto de destrezas N° 8. Limpieza final de
exteriores
Conjunto de destrezas N° 9. Recogida de
desechos en bolsas
Conjunto de destrezas N° 10. Inspection visual
Conjunto de destrezas N° 11. Procedimiento
de verificacion de limpieza
Mensaje clave: Practique lo que ha
aprendido.
Notas: Esta seccion es completamente
practica.
Preparacion para esta seccion: Use los
ejercicios practices que estan incluidos en
los modules 4, 5 y 6 para realizar este
ejercicio practice de once partes. Las
diapositivas para estos ejercicios son:
Diapositivas 4-14 y 4-15
Diapositiva 5-8
Diapositiva 6-11
Estos ejercicios tambien estan incluidos
(con el conjunto de destrezas N° 1) en el
Apendice 6. Asegurese de tener una
instalacion adecuada, todas las
herramientas y el equipo necesarios
(consulte la lista de suministros), as! como
de haber lefdo detenidamente y
comprendido cada uno de los ejercicios.
Repaso 10 minutos
Repase los temas y las reglas principales para
la prueba
Prueba 30 minutos
Tome la prueba (30 minutos)
Los instructores son responsables de
desarrollar su propio modelo de prueba y de
presentarlo para que se apruebe antes de
elevar su solicitud para convertirse en
proveedor de capacitacion acreditado.
Tiempo total de instruccion 7 horas 30 Minutos
FebOQ
XIX
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Nota a los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios
Guia para la realization de actividades practices: La capacitacion practica es un elemento
obligatorio de este programa de estudios. Se recomienda que los instructores consideren los
siguientes factores cuando planifiquen y lleven a cabo los segmentos de capacitacion practica:
Tenga a su disposition el tipo adecuado de artlculos. Use las listas proporcionadas para
planificar adecuadamente y traiga los tipos de artlculos adecuados al lugar de capacitacion.
Por ejemplo, las bolsas de basura domesticas no son iguales a las bolsas de desechado de
alta resistencia.
Disponga de artlculos en las cantidades suficientes. Segun como estructure la actividad,
puede necesitar diversas cantidades de artlculos. Por ejemplo, si el instructor demuestra
como hacer un sello de cuello de cisne en una bolsa de desechado, usara una bolsa. Si
cada alumno practica este procedimiento, la capacitacion consumira una cantidad mayor de
bolsas. Planifique con anticipation para que tenga articulos suficientes.
Disponqa del numero suficiente de instructores. Segun el tamano de la clase, algunas
actividades practicas requieren mas de un instructor para supervisar adecuadamente y
hacer comentarios. Asegurese de tener suficientes instructores disponibles para impartir el
curso a la cantidad de alumnos que asisten. Esto es importante porque cada alumno sera
evaluado individualmente. La capacitacion se puede estructurar para que los instructores
adicionales solo deban estar disponibles durante las actividades practicas. Se recomienda
mantener, como maximo, una relacion de 6:1 de alumnos e instructores (es decir, un
instructor por cada 6 alumnos) para los ejercicios practices. Incluso con una relacion 6:1,
los instructores deben esperar estar bastante ocupados durante los ejercicios practices.
Calcule cuidadosamente el tiempo que necesitara para llevar a cabo los ejercicios
practices. Este programa de estudios tiene una gran cantidad de contenido de curso. Tenga
en cuenta las restricciones de tamano de la clase y de tiempo cuando planifique los
ejercicios practices.
Asequrese de que sus equipos esten limpios y en buenas condiciones de funcionamiento
antes de la clase. Pruebe sus equipos antes de que comience la capacitacion. Los
instructores no deben llevar a cabo ninguna capacitacion con equipos contaminados con
plomo o mascarillas respiratorias sucias.
El uso de pintura a base de plomo real para fines de capacitacion no esta permitido. Los
asistentes estan en su clase para aprender las destrezas para trabajar con seguridad en
relacion a la pintura a base de plomo. Si cometen un error de procedimiento durante la
capacitacion, no debe ponerseles en riesgo de exponerse al plomo.
La instalacion de capacitacion debe ser adecuada para este curso. Por ejemplo, algunos
lugares prohfben el uso de agua dentro de su instalacion. Sepa lo que se requiere para este
curso y lo que permite la instalacion que se usara. Compatibilice los requisites del curso con
la instalacion que se usara.
Guie a los asistentes durante las actividades practicas v documente su competencia. Las
actividades practicas de los modules 3, 4, 5 y 6 indican tareas especfficas que cada
participante debe realizar correctamente durante esa actividad. Registre el logro de estas
destrezas en un registro de avance del participante. Consulte el Apendice 6 para ver un
ejemplo del registro de avance del participante.
Feb 09 xx
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Introduction
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Introduccion - Notas del Instructor
Descripcion general de este modulo: La siguiente tabla resume el contenido y los metodos
de ensenanza de este modulo. Es para su propia referenda. No trate este punto con los
asistentes.
Introduccion
15 minutos
1: Practicas seguras
para trabajar con el
plomoen labores de
renovacion,
reparacion y pintura
2: Programa del curso
3: Descripcion general
del manual de
capacitacion
4: Aprenderan a:
5: Este curso...
Mensaje clave: Los renovadores desempenan una funcion en la
prevention del envenenamiento con plomo. El polvo de las
renovaciones, reparaciones y preparacion de superficies durante
las actividades de pintura crea posibles peligros relacionados
con el plomo cuando se altera la pintura a base de plomo y no se
usan practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo. La EPA exige
certificacion a las empresas de renovacion y capacitacion y
certificacion a los renovadores para evitar el envenenamiento por
plomo como consecuencia de practicas de renovacion poco
seguras.
Notas: Este modulo es sencillo.
Presente las diapositivas de manera rapida.
Ponga enfasis en que esta capacitacion se aplica al trabajo en
viviendas anteriores a 1978 y a instalaciones habitadas por
ninos, ademas de proporcionar certificacion para llevar a cabo
renovaciones por compensation segun lo exige la regla de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura de la EPA.
Preparacion para este modulo: Revise la lista de alumnos antes
de iniciar la sesion, para que sepa algo sobre el publico.
Diapositiva 1: Practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
De la bienvenida a todos y presente el curso.
Asegurese de verificar a los participantes que pretenden tomar este curso.
Presentese, escriba su nombre en el pizarron, rotafolio o transparencia. Destaque sus
antecedentes y su experiencia.
Lea el objetivo del curso: "Preparar a renovadores certificados para usar practicas de
trabajo seguras con el plomo para evitar los peligros relacionados con el plomo durante
el trabajo de renovacion, reparacion y pintura en viviendas anteriores a 1978 y en
instalaciones habitadas por ninos".
Pida a los participantes que se presenten, indicando:
Su nombre.
La empresa para la que trabajan.
El trabajo que realizan (por ejemplo, carpinterfa).
Conocimiento de las instalaciones y los aspectos logfsticos:
Senale donde se encuentran las salidas de emergencia, los banos y los telefonos
publicos.
Proporcione information logfstica.
FebOQ
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Introduccion - Notas del Instructor
Comente las reglas basicas, segun sea necesario. Algunos ejemplos de las reglas
basicas son:
o Volver a tiempo de los recesos y listos para continuar.
o Levantar la mano para ser reconocido.
o Apagar o poner en la modalidad de silencio los telefonos celulares y otros
dispositivos electronicos.
Esta introduccion abarca la lista de temas que aparece en la diapositiva. Repase
brevemente esta lista con los asistentes al curso. No detalle ningun tema.
Identifique y aborde los problemas con el idioma ingles y de lectura. Este atento a esto
durante las presentaciones de los alumnos.
FebOQ
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Diapositivas 1
Practices seguras para trabajar con el
plomo en labores de renovacion,
reparacion y pintura
Bienvenida e introducciones
Dfgale a los alumnos:
Su nombre, la empresa para la que trabaja y a que
se dedica.
Descripcion general del modulo:
Programa del curso
Manual del curso
Estudiaremos:
Este curso...
/.For que esta aquf?
El trabajo de renovacion tradicional que realize ahora puede crear importantes peligros con relacion al polvo con
plomo, si se altera la pintura a base de este ultimo.
El polvo con plomo generado por el trabajo de renovacion tradicional puede causar envenenamiento por plomo
en los ninos. Tambien puede envenenar a las mujeres embarazadas, a usted mismo y a otros trabajadores e
incluso a las mascotas. Mediante cambios utiles en las practices de trabajo se puede minimizar y contener el
polvo. El uso de las practices seguras de trabajo con el plomo hace que el trabajo sea mas seguro y reduce su
responsabilidad.
La Regla final de la Agenda de Proteccion Ambiental (EPA, por sus siglas en ingles) para la Renovacion,
Reparacion y Pintura (Codigo de Regulacion Federal 40, Parte 745) exige que las renovaciones que se realicen
por compensacion las deben llevar a cabo empresas certificadas por medio de renovadores certificados. Las
empresas de renovacion que deseen trabajar en viviendas construidas antes de 1978 y en instalaciones
habitadas por ninos, deben hacer una solicitud a la EPA y pagar una cuota a fin de obtener la certificecion. Los
renovadores que deseen convertirse en renovadores certificados deben aprobar satisfactoriamente un curso de
renovador acreditado por la EPA o un curso acreditado por un estado o una tribu autorizados por la EPA. Este
curso es el curso modelo de la EPA para renovadores certificados y como tal cumple con todos los requisites del
Codigo de Regulacion Federal 40 745.90.
Este curso le ensefiara como cumplir con la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura de la EPA, la regla del
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo, y como llevar a cabo las practices de trabejo
segures con el plomo de forme segure y eficez.
Luego que heye eprobedo setisfectoriemente un curso de renovedor certificedo, impertido por un proveedor de
cepecitecion ecreditedo por le EPA, usted sere un renovedor certificedo por le EPA. Le cetegorfe de renovedor
certificedo por le EPA le permitire reelizertrebejos de renovecion, reperecion y pinture seguros con el plomo, en
viviendes construides entes de 1978 y en insteleciones hebitedes por ninos, donde el trebejo elterere le pinture
a base de plomo. Su certificecion es velide por cinco efios a pertir de le feche de finelizecion del curso. Pere
renover su certificecion despues de cinco enos, debe eprober setisfectoriemente un curso de perfeccionemiento
de renovedor certificedo ecreditedo por le EPA, entes de que venze su certificecion iniciel. Le cepecitecion de
perfeccionemiento se debe reelizer cede cinco enos e fin de mentener le certificecion. Si el renovedor certificedo
no perfeccione su cepecitecion, dentro de un perfodo de cinco enos de le cepecitecion previe, debere volver a
reelizer el curso iniciel pere certificerse nuevemente.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Introduccion - Notas del Instructor
Diapositiva 2: Programa del curso
Esta diapositiva contiene el programa del curso, si usa la planificacion de leccion 1,
repasela con los alumnos. Si usa la planificacion de leccion 2 o va a llevar a cabo esta
capacitacion en varies dfas, debe proporcionar un programa adecuado. Ademas se
recomienda que haga cambios en las diapositivas de PowerPoint en el manual del alumno y
en la presentation que reflejen los cambios en el programa.
El programa en la diapositiva no contiene horas (porque la capacitacion podrfa ofrecerse en
varies dfas), por lo que puede preferir escribir el programa (con horas) en un rotafolio,
pizarron o pizarron bianco para que los asistentes puedan consultarlo durante el curso, o
bien puede hacer una copia impresa del programa y distribuirla a los asistentes. El tiempo
de capacitacion debe ser de 8 horas en total.
Demuestre paso a paso el programa de capacitacion a los asistentes.
Mencione la prueba.
Las Notas para los instructores sobre como usar este programa de estudios (consulte
anteriormente en la introduccion) tienen un horario de curso propuestos y opciones de
planificacion de clase para ayudarle a planificar el horario.
Esta diapositiva presupone que usara la planificacion de clase 1.
Modifique la diapositiva si va a usar la planificacion de clase 2.
FebOQ
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Diapositivas 2
Programa del curso
Introduction y bienvenida
Modulo 1: iPor que hay que
preocuparse por la pintura a
base de plomo?
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Receso
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar
a trabajar
Modulo 4: Contention del
polvo mientras trabaja
Almuerzo
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
Receso
Modulo 6: Actiyidades de
limpieza y verificacion del
trabajo
Modulo 7: Administracion
de registros
Receso
Modulo 8: Capacitacion
para renovadores no
certificados
Repaso
Prueba
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Introduccion - Notas del Instructor
Diapositiva 3: Descripcion general del manual de capacitacion
Repase paso a paso con los asistentes los ocho modules destacando el tftulo del modulo y
el tiempo necesario para tratar el material.
Ponga enfasis en que el curso tiene el proposito de ser interactive, con debates y ejercicios
para practicar algunas de las actividades analizadas en los modules.
Destaque cada uno de los apendices.
Dedique tiempo para que los asistentes vean la Guia de cumplimiento destinada a
entidades pequenas para renovar correctamente (Apendice 4) y los Pasos para la
renovacion, reparacion y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO (Apendice 5). Explique que
estos dos documentos se trataran con mas detalles en los modules 3 y 8, respectivamente
y que pueden llevarselos al trabajo para ayudarles a obtener una orientation acerca de
trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo. El folleto Pasos para la renovacion,
reparacion y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO (Apendice 5) contiene ilustraciones de
metodos sugeridos para reducir, contener y limpiar el polvo en areas de trabajo.
FebOQ
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Diapositivas 3
Descripcion general del manual de
capacitacion
Ocho modules
Ejercicios practices e interactivos, en 11 conjuntos de
destrezas
Apendices clave
Apendice 1 - Regla final de la EPA para el Programa de Renovacion,
Reparacion y Mantenimiento (Codlgo de Regulaclon Federal 40, Parte
Apendice 2 - Requisites del Departamento de Vlvlenda y Urbanlsmo
(HUD) de los Estados Unldos
Apendice 3 - Renovar correctamente: Information importante para
familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro
del plomo
Apendice 4 - Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades pequenas
para renovar correctamente
Apendice 5 - Pasos para la renovation, reparation ypintura SEGURAS
CON EL PLOMO n CDA
Apendice 6 - Ejercicios practices OtKA Bjn11!
Modules - Ademas de esta introduction, en este curso existen ocho modules:
Modulo 1: ^Por que hay que preocuparse por la pintura a base de plomo?
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar (incluye el conjunto de destrezas N° 1)
Modulo 4: Contention del polvo mientras trabaja (incluye los conjuntos de destrezas N° 2 y 5)
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja (incluye el conjunto de destrezas N° 6)
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verification del trabajo (incluye los conjuntos de destrezas N°
7y11)
Modulo 7: Gestion de registros
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no certificados
Actividades y ejercicios: El curso incluye actividades y ejercicios para ayudarle a identificar los
metodos para reducir la cantidad de polvo generada y a su vez, a contenerlo y eliminarlo. Muchos de
los ejercicios y actividades se llevan a cabo en pequenos grupos, de modo que tendra la oportunidad
de intercambiar sus experiencias e ideas con otros participantes del curso.
Apendices: Este manual consta de nueve apendices que proporcionan information adicional que
ayudara a los contratistas.
Apendice 1 - Regla final de la EPA para el Programa de Renovation, Reparation y Mantenimiento
(Codigo de Regulation Federal 40, Parte 745)
Apendice 2 - Requisites del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo (HUD) de los Estados Unidos
Apendice 3 - Renovar correctamente: Information importante para familias, proveedores de
cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro del plomo
Apendice 4 - Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades pequenas para renovar correctamente
Apendice 5 - Pasos para la renovation, reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO
Apendice 6 - Ejercicios practices
Apendice 7 - Reglamentos estatales y locales
Apendice 8 - Situation normativa de desechos generados por contratistas y residentes en
actividades domesticas con pintura a base de plomo
Apendice 9 - Para obtener mas information
Prueba: Los renovadores deben aprobar la prueba que se tome al termino del curso, a fin de obtener
la certification. La reprobation de la prueba significa que debe volver a realizar el curso.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Introduccion - Notas del Instructor
Diapositiva 4: Aprenderan a:
Esta diapositiva resume lo que los alumnos aprenderan durante cada modulo en este curso.
Repase todas las listas y ponga enfasis en lo que se aprendera en cada modulo.
FebOQ
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Diapositivas 4
Estudiaremos:
Por que la pintura a base de plomo es un problema durante
las renovaciones.
Cuales son las exigencias de los reglamentos de la EPA y
HUD para las empresas y los renovadores certificados.
Como determinar si la pintura a base plomo afecta al
trabajo.
Como comenzar el trabajo.
Como preparar el area de trabajo para contener el polvo.
Como trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo.
Como limpiar el area de trabajo y verificar la limpieza.
Como eliminar los desechos de manera segura.
Como documentar su trabajo. n pp/v
Modulo 1: Ensena los problemas de salud relacionados con el plomo, por que es un problema que debe
tratar y a quien se pone en riesgo si las renovaciones no se realizan de forma correcta.
Modulo 2: Ensena cuales son las exigencias de los reglamentos de la EPA y del HUD para las empresas
y los renovadores certificados.
Modulo 3: Ensena como determinar si la pintura a base plomo afecta su trabajo y como educar a los
propietarios y residentes en las viviendas de interes o a los propietarios y adultos representantes en las
instalaciones habitadas por ninos, sobre como el trabajo afectara el plomo en su propiedad. Este modulo
tambien analiza como planificar el trabajo, de modo que sea seguro con el plomo.
Modulo 4: Ensena como preparar adecuadamente el area de trabajo, de modo que el polvo y los
escombros generados por su trabajo no contaminen la propiedad y no quede polvo con plomo.
Modulo 5: Ensena como trabajar de manera segura con el plomo y que practicas estan prohibidas por
las reglas de la EPA y del HUD; proporciona tambien informacion sobre equipos de protection personal.
Modulo 6: Ensena como eliminar de forma eficaz el polvo generado por el trabajo que se realice en una
vivienda o en una instalacion habitada por ninos, y ensena a los renovadores certificados como realizar
una verification de limpieza. Esta section tambien contiene informacion sobre como eliminar los
desechos de la renovation.
Modulo 7: Ensena los requisites de las reglas de la EPA y del HUD para la creation y el mantenimiento
de la documentation del trabajo.
Modulo 8: Ensena a los renovadores certificados como capacitar a renovadores no certificados en las
practicas seguras con el plomo mientras esten en la obra.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomoen labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Introduccion - Notas del Instructor
Diapositiva 5: Este curso...
El principal proposito de esta diapositiva es informar a los asistentes que completar la
capacitacion es una forma de distinguirse en el mercado y ofrecer valor agregado a los
clientes.
Aprobar satisfactoriamente esta capacitacion tambien los califica para participar en trabajos
en viviendas de interes con ayuda federal en los que se exigen practicas de trabajo seguras
con el plomo. Deben aprobar la prueba al termino del curso y conservar el certificado de
finalizacion del curso para demostrar que estan calificados.
Este curso no es un curso de reduccion y no califica a los participantes para llevar a cabo
actividades de reduccion, ni cumple con los requisites de OSHA. Tenga presente que los
empleadores son responsables de cumplir con los requisites de OSHA.
FebOQ
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Diapositivas 5
Este curso...
Cumple con los requisites de la EPA y el HUD.
Forma renovadores certificados por la EPA.
Demuestra su compromiso con la seguridad.
PERO,
No es un curso de reduccion de plomo.
No cumple con los requisites de capacitacion de la
Administracion de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (OSHA, por
sus siglas en ingles).
Puede que no cumpla los requisites de capacitacion estatales,
locales o tribales.
El valor de esta capacitacion
Este curso cumple con los requisites de la EPA y del HUD para la capacitacion en practicas seguras
para trabajo con el plomo, conforme a la regla RRP.
Los renovadores obtienen la certificacion de la EPA despues de la aprobacion satisfactoria del curso.
La aprobacion de este curso demuestra la competencia de su empresa a los posibles clientes y puede
ser una ventaja de mercaderia que distinga a su empresa de la competencia.
Capacitacion de reduccion de plomo
La reduccion de plomo hace referenda al trabajo que se realiza con el proposito especifico de eliminar
permanentemente la pintura a base a plomo y los peligros de la misma de una vivienda. Este curso no
es un curso de reduccion de plomo disenado para tratar la eliminacion, el encapsulamiento o el
aislamiento de la pintura a base de plomo ni los peligros de la misma. Este curso no es un curso de
operaciones y mantenimiento disenado para controlar la pintura a base de plomo en el lugar, por medio
de controles provisionales. Para realizar un trabajo de reduccion de plomo se requiere capacitacion
adicional y especializada.
OSHA
OSHA cuenta con requisites de capacitacion para los trabajadores que deben conocer los
empleadores. Para obtener mas informacion sobre los requisites de OSHA, visite
www.osha.qov/Publications/osha3142.pdf.
Requisites estatales, locales y tribales
Muchos estados, localidades y tribus indigenas tienen sus propios requisites de pintura a base de
plomo, lo que incluye capacitacion y requisites especificos de certificacion. Consulte en su estado,
localidad o viviendas tribales y agendas ambientales para obtener informacion sobre dichos requisites.
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Modulo 1: ^Por que hay que preocuparse por
la pintura a base de plomo?
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Descripcion general de este modulo: La siguiente tabla resume el contenido y los
metodos de ensenanza de este modulo. Es para su propia referenda. No trate este punto
con los asistentes.
Modulo 1: iPor que hay que preocuparse por la pintura a base de plomo?
20 minutos
1-1: Modulo 1: ^Porque hay que
preocuparse por la pintura a base de
plomo?
1-2: ^Que es la pintura a base de
plomo?
1-3: Riesgos del plomo para la salud
1-4: Los sfntomas del envenenamiento
con plomo no siempre son obvios
1-5: ^Por que el polvo y los escombros
constituyen un problema?
1-6: Una pequena cantidad de polvo
puede recorrer largas distancias
1-7: Video sobre un contratista que
enveneno a sus propios hijos
1-8: Video sobre la madre de una
menor envenenada por un trabajo de
renovacion
1-9: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: El polvo es un problema y
los contratistas generan polvo. Al
manipular el plomo de manera segura,
ustedes pueden marcar la diferencia.
Notas: Este modulo incluye una
demostracion del instructor, seguida de
diapositivas.
Demostracion con cascaras de
pintura y paquete de edulcorante (5
minutos).
Diapositivas (15 minutos)
Preparation para este modulo: Tenga los
materiales listos para el ejercicio y la
demostracion.
Materiales necesarios: Cascaras de pintura
laminada, paquete de edulcorante, pala
plastica, escoba, juego para limpiar el
polvo.
Diapositiva 1-1: Modulo 1: <-,Por que hay que preocuparse por la pintura a
base de plomo?
Este modulo abarca la lista de temas que aparece en la diapositiva. Repase esta lista
con los asistentes al curso.
Objetivo del modulo: El proposito de este modulo es identificar y describir los efectos
que tiene en la salud la exposicion al plomo y, de ese modo, establecer la importancia
de proteger a los residentes (y trabajadores) de la exposicion al polvo contaminado
con plomo.
Despues de finalizar este modulo, los asistentes podran explicar:
La definition federal de la pintura a base de plomo.
Los riesgos del plomo para la salud de ninos y adultos.
El motive por el cual nos preocupamos por el polvo contaminado con plomo.
1-1
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Diapositivas 1-1
Modulo 1: £Por que hay que preocuparse
por la pintura a base de plomo?
Descripcion general
<<,Que es la pintura a base de plomo?
-------
Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-2: <-,Que es la pintura a base de plomo?
El proposito de esta diapositiva es proporcionar la definition Federal de "pintura a
base de plomo".
Enfatice que el tema de la identification de pintura a base de plomo se abarcara en el
modulo 3. Ademas, procure abarcar definiciones estatales y locales de la pintura a
base de plomo que sean relevantes.
Lea la definition federal de pintura a base de plomo e indique que los gobiernos
estatales y locales pueden tener definiciones diferentes para la pintura a base de
plomo.
Los instructores deben mencionar solo brevemente la razon por la que se usaba
plomo en las pinturas.
En esta diapositiva no se debe comenzar un debate acerca de los efectos en la salud
que tiene el plomo y los problemas asociados a las exposiciones a polvo con plomo.
Revise las notas que estan debajo de cada diapositiva.
1-2
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Diapositivas 1-2
es la pintura a base de
plomo?
Las normas federales definen la pintura a base de
plomo como:
Cualquier pintura o revestimiento de superficie que contenga
plomo igual a 1.0 miligramos por centimetro cuadrado, o en
exceso de esta medida, o un porcentaje mayor que el 0.5 por
peso.
Algunos estados y localidades norman la pintura fijando
concentraciones de plomo menores.
Es el origen principal de polvo contaminado con plomo en las
viviendas.
iPor que se utilizaba plomo en la pintura?
El plomo se anadia para mejorar el color y la durabilidad.
La pintura a base de plomo se prohibio n
en 1978
dl I 9 f O.
Las normas federales definen la pintura a base de plomo.
La pintura a base de plomo es cualquier pintura o revestimiento de superficie que contenga plomo igual a 1 .0
miligramos por centimetro cuadrado, o en exceso de esta medida, o un porcentaje mayor que el 0.5 por peso.
La pintura con concentraciones de plomo menores que la definicion antes mencionada, tambien puede provocar
problemas para la salud. Incluso la pintura con una pequefia cantidad de plomo puede constituir gran parte del
polvo en el aire o que esta depositado.
En el modulo 3 se proporciona informacion sobre la forma de determinar si una propiedad contiene pintura a
base de plomo.
Algunos estados y localidades norman la pintura fijando concentraciones de
plomo menores.
Debe verificar si los departamentos de salud estatales y locales cuentan con requisites mas esthetes que los
requisites federales.
se anadia plomo a la pintura?
El plomo se anadia para mejorar el color y la durabilidad.
Tambien se anadia en algunos revestimientos de superficie, como barnices o tintes.
En 1978 se prohibio el uso residencial de la pintura a base de plomo
En 1978, la Comision de Seguridad de Productos del Consumidor prohibio la venta de pinturas a base de plomo
para uso residencial. En la practice, esto quiere decir que las viviendas construidas en 1978 aun podrfan tener
pintura a base de plomo, ya que aun podrfan haber estado disponibles existencias de pintura con plomo.
Es por esto que el aho de construccion es un asunto muy importante a tener en cuenta.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-3: Riesgos del plomo para la salud
Esta diapositiva y la siguiente tratan puntos similares; por tanto, repase ambas antes
de presentarlas a los alumnos para asegurarse de poder relacionarlas y mencionar los
puntos necesarios de cada una.
Efectos en la salud de los ninos
Los ninos, en especial los menores de 6 anos, son los que corren mayor riesgo debido
a pequenas cantidades de plomo.
Para los ninos, la principal via de entrada del plomo al cuerpo es a traves de la
ingestion de polvo con plomo por medio del contacto normal de las manos con la
boca. De esta forma ingieren polvo de sus manos, juguetes y otras cosas que se
ponen en la boca.
Los cuerpos de los ninos absorben un porcentaje mucho mayor (-50%) del polvo que
ingieren o respiran, en comparacion con los adultos (-10%).
En los ninos, el plomo puede provocar:
Disminucion de la inteligencia, trastorno por deficit de atencion y discapacidades
de aprendizaje.
Problemas de comportamiento.
Danos en el sistema nervioso y en los rinones.
Problemas de habla y lenguaje.
Si bien la exposicion leve al plomo es la mas comun, la exposicion a altos niveles de
plomo puede causar efectos devastadores en los ninos, como convulsiones, inconsciencia
y, en algunos casos, la muerte. Muchos estudios sugieren que una vez que el plomo ha
danado a un nino, este dano es permanente. Puede evitar que el nino se exponga, pero el
dano permanece.
Efectos en la salud de los adultos
Enfatice que para la mayorfa de los adultos, la principal via de entrada del plomo al
cuerpo es a traves de la inhalation (respiration) de polvo con plomo durante
exposiciones ocupacionales.
En mujeres embarazadas:
El plomo que llevan en la sangre se transfiere al feto (nino en gestation).
Algunos de los danos que puede sufrir el feto pueden ser dano cerebral y la
muerte.
En adultos, el plomo puede provocar:
Hipertension.
Problemas de fertilidad tanto en hombres como en mujeres.
Problemas digestives.
Trastornos nerviosos.
Trastornos sexuales.
Problemas de memoria y concentration.
Dolores musculares o de articulaciones.
1-3
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Diapositivas 1-3
Riesgos del plomo para la salud
Muy peligroso para ninos.
Dana el cerebro y el sistema nervloso central; puede dlsmlnulr la
Intellgencla, causar dlflcultades para leer y aprender, problemas de
comportamlento e hiperactividad.
Los danos pueden ser Irreverslbles, lo que afectaria a los ninos toda
su vlda.
Es peligroso para mujeres embarazadas.
Danos al feto.
Tambien es peligroso para los trabajadores y otros adultos.
Hlpertenslon.
Perdlda de libido o capacldad sexual.
Fatlga fisica.
La exposicion al plomo produce danos permanentes.
Los ninos menores de seis anos son los que estan en mas riesgo debido a
pequenas cantidades de plomo.
Los ninos corren mayor riesgo que los adultos, debido a que sus cuerpos estan en desarrollo. Durante las
actividades de juego normales y frecuentes, o cuando se llevan las manos a la boca, los ninos pueden ingerir o
inhalar polvo de las manos, juguetes, alimentos u otros objetos.
En los ninos, el plomo puede provocar:
Danos en el sistema nervioso y en los rinones.
Disminucion de la inteligencia, trastorno por deficit de atencion y discapacidades del aprendizaje.
Problemas de habla, lenguaje y comportamiento.
Entre los adultos, especialmente las mujeres embarazadas corren riesgo debido
a la exposicion al plomo.
El plomo pasa de la madre al feto y puede causar:
Abortos espontaneos
Nacimientos prematures
Danos en el cerebro
Bajo peso al nacer
Entre los efectos del plomo en la salud de los adultos se incluye:
Hipertension.
Problemas de fertilidad en hombres y mujeres.
Problemas digestives
Trastornos nerviosos.
Problemas de la memoria y la concentracion.
Trastornos sexuales.
Dolores musculares o de articulaciones.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-4: Los sintomas del envenenamiento con plomo no siempre
son obvios
El envenenamiento con plomo suele tener sintomas no especfficos, como irritabilidad
en los ninos o hipertension en los adultos.
El personal medico puede malinterpretar facilmente las senales y los sintomas del
envenenamiento con plomo, por tanto se puede retrasar un tratamiento eficaz y
aumentar la posibilidad de danos permanentes tanto ffsicos como mentales. Debe
comentar con su medico su historial de trabajo y cualquier exposicion relacionada con
el plomo para recibir un diagnostico precise y el tratamiento apropiado.
La mejor manera de medir la exposicion al plomo es mediante un analisis de sangre.
La forma mas comun de medir la cantidad de plomo en la sangre es a traves del
analisis de nivel de plomo en la sangre (BLL, por sus siglas en ingles).
No es necesario describir esta prueba a los asistentes. La informacion acerca del
analisis de nivel de plomo en la sangre que se incluye abajo es para su referenda en
caso de que le formulen preguntas.
El punto que se debe enfatizar es que incluso una pequena cantidad de plomo en la
sangre es un motivo de preocupacion. Asegurese de revisar y citar los ejemplos que
aparecen en las notas de los alumnos con respecto a que es un microgramo y como
es de pequeno.
El analisis de nivel de plomo en la sangre:
Mide la cantidad de plomo que circula por la sangre.
Puede proporcionar informacion acerca de recientes exposiciones al plomo.
No mide la cantidad total de plomo en el cuerpo.
No predice si existira algun dano a largo plazo.
La Administration de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (OSHA, por sus siglas en
ingles) es responsable de establecer Ifmites aceptables de plomo en la sangre y
de exposicion a plomo en suspension para adultos en el lugar de trabajo.
1-4
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Diapositivas 1-4
Los sintomas del envenenamiento
con plomo no siempre son obvios
El personal medico puede malinterpretar facilmente
los sintomas, retrasando asi un tratamiento eficaz y
aumentando la posibilidad de danos permanentes
tanto fisicos como mentales.
La unica forma de determinar el envenenamiento
con plomo es hacer un analisis del nivel de plomo
en la sangre (BLL, por sus siglas en ingles).
El envenenamiento con plomo no siempre tiene sintomas obvios.
Por lo general, los sintomas del envenenamiento con plomo no son especificos y se atribuyen con
frecuencia a otras causas.
A menudo, las personas expuestas a plomo se quejan de sintomas especificos que incluyen:
Dolor de cabeza
Dolor de estomago
Irritabilidad
Fatiga
Perdida del apetito
Dolores musculares o de articulaciones
Ya que muchos sintomas no son especificos o son parecidos a los sintomas de la gripe, es posible que
los padres no esten alerta y obtengan atencion medica inmediata para sus hijos. Esto es critico para
ninos pequenos, ya que mientras mayor sea el tiempo sin tratamiento, mayor es el riesgo de que se
produzcan danos cerebrales permanentes.
Los trabajadores con una exposicion ocupacional al plomo necesitan informarlo a sus medicos, a fin de
proporcionarles todos los antecedentes necesarios para una evaluation de sintomas adecuada, ya que
posiblemente esten relacionados con la exposicion al plomo.
La mejor manera de determinar si hay plomo presente en el cuerpo es mediante un analisis de sangre.
La cantidad de plomo en la sangre se mide en microgramos por decilitro de sangre, una unidad
de medida muy pequena. Un microgramo es la millonesima parte de un gramo. Es igual que sacar un
centavo de US$10.000. Como referenda, un sujetapapeles de tamano estandar pesa casi un gramo o
un millon de veces mas que un microgramo. Un microgramo en una cantidad muy pequena de plomo.
Recuerde lo pequena que es esta cantidad de plomo cuando se aplique a la limpieza del polvo cuando
lleguemos al modulo 4: Contencion del polvo mientras trabaja, Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja y
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verificacion del trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-5: <-,Por que el polvo y los escombros constituyen un
problema?
Revise las notas que estan debajo de cada diapositiva.
Destaque los siguiente puntos:
Una pequena cantidad de plomo puede ser sumamente danina, especialmente
con el tiempo.
Si el polvo contiene plomo, puede envenenar a los trabajadores, residentes y
ninos.
Los trabajadores pueden llevar a casa polvo contaminado con plomo en sus
vehfculos y en la ropa y zapatos, con lo que pueden exponer al plomo a ninos y
otros adultos
Por lo general, las partfculas de polvo con plomo son tan pequenas que no se
pueden ver, no obstante puede inhalarlas e ingerirlas.
Los ninos suelen inhalar o ingerir polvo contaminado con plomo durante
actividades normales de contacto de sus manos con la boca. Algunas de estas
actividades son: manipulation de juguetes y posterior contacto de los dedos con la
boca; ensuciarse las manos directamente mientras gatean; uso de antepechos de
ventanas para ponerse de pie.
Los adultos pueden ingerir o respirar polvo durante las actividades laborales.
Haga circular una cascara de pintura laminada de 1 centimetre cuadrado (tambien
servira un trozo cortado de una muestra de pintura pegado en un trozo de cartulina o
en un tubo de ensayo) para mostrar la cantidad de pintura a base de plomo que se
necesita para envenenar a un nino, si estuviera dispersa en el suelo de una
habitation. La pintura a base de plomo contiene un mfnimo de 1 miligramo de plomo
por centimetre cuadrado. Suponga que la cascara de pintura contiene 1 miligramo de
plomo. Ese miligramo equivale a 1000 microgramos de plomo. Si se moliera esta
cascara de pintura, contaminarfa un area de 25 pies cuadrados, mas de 15 pies
lineales de antepechos de ventanas de 4 pulgadas o mas de 15 pies lineales de
canales de ventanas de 2 pulgadas, de acuerdo con los Ifmites normativos para
obtener una aprobacion. Ahora puede ver por que basta un poco de plomo para
causar muchos problemas.
Enfatice que incluso cuando se altera una pintura con concentraciones de plomo mas
bajas que la norma federal, la alteration puede provocar altas concentraciones de
plomo en el polvo, lo que puede causar problemas de salud.
Sea enfatico al mencionar que si no se toman precauciones antes, durante y
despues de trabajos que generen polvo, los trabajadores, residentes y ninos
podrian envenenarse con plomo.
1-5
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Diapositivas 1-5
que el polvo y los escombros
constituyen un problema?
Las actividades de renovacion que alteran la pintura a base de
plomo generan polvo y escombros. Los escombros se
convierten en polvo.
El polvo contaminado con plomo es venenoso.
Las cantidades muy pequenas de polvo contaminado con plomo
pueden envenenar a ninos y adultos.
Los ninos ingieren polvo durante sus actividades de juego normales.
Los adultos ingieren o respiran polvo durante las actividades
laborales.
Los trabajadores pueden llevar polvo contaminado con plomo a
sus hogares y envenenar a sus familias.
El polvo y los escombros de los trabajos de renovacion, reparacion y pintura en
viviendas e instalaciones habitadas por ninos construidas antes de 1978
pueden contener plomo.
La pintura previa a 1978 puede contener plomo.
Los trabajos de renovacion, reparacion y pintura alteran la pintura que pueda contener plomo.
Cualquier actividad que implique la preparation de superficies puede generar polvo con plomo, como
por ejemplo al raspar con la mano, utilizar lijadoras electricas, pistolas de aire caliente por encima de
los 1100° Fahrenheit y soldar con soplete de llama. Las tareas mas complicadas, como retirar
componentes de construcciones y demoler paredes pueden generar mucho polvo.
Las cantidades pequenas de polvo contaminado con plomo pueden envenenar a
ninos y adultos.
Una pequena cantidad de plomo puede ser sumamente danina.
Por lo general, las particulas de polvo con plomo son tan pequenas que no las puede ver, no
obstante puede respirarlas o ingerirlas. Estas particulas mas pequenas, ya sean inhaladas o
ingeridas, son absorbidas por el cuerpo con mayor facilidad que las particulas mas grandes y, por lo
tanto, pueden envenenar con mas facilidad.
Los ninos, residentes y trabajadores pueden respirar o ingerir polvo con plomo.
Los ninos pueden ingerir o inhalar el polvo de las manos, juguetes, alimentos u otros objetos durante
las actividades normales cuando se lleven las manos a la boca. Tambien pueden ingerir cascaras de
pintura.
Los adultos pueden ingerir o respirar polvo durante las actividades laborales.
Se genera polvo cuando los trabajadores desempenan actividades tales como raspado y lijado
con la mano, o utilizan una lijadora electrica o una herramienta para rectificar. El polvo se
mezcla con el aire que respiran.
Si los trabajadores comen, beben, fuman o colocan cualquier cosa en la boca sin lavarse las
manos primero, es posible que ingieran polvo con plomo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-6: Una pequena cantidad de polvo puede recorrer largas
distancias
Para esta diapositiva necesitara un paquete de edulcorante, una escoba y una pa/a
plastica. Nota: Tambien puede realizar esta demostracion con un polvo llamado "Glo
Germ", que se resalta con una luz negra (http://www.glogerm.com).
Realice la siguiente demostracion para enfatizar los puntos de esta diapositiva.
Abra un paquete de edulcorante artificial y espolvoreelo por el piso. (Nota: Use
edulcorante artificial en vez de azucar. Es mas fino.) Tambien puede abrir el paquete
en un haz de luz de una linterna potente o de un proyector, para demostrar lo fino que
es el polvo y luego indicar lo diffcil que resulta en el piso o en la alfombra una vez que
se deposite. El punto es que debe pasar un tiempo para que las partfculas finas se
depositen.
Solicite a algunos asistentes que caminen por el edulcorante derramado.
Ahora entregue la escoba a un participante y dfgale que barra el edulcorante.
Pregunta para los alumnos: "^Creen que ya no queda edulcorante?" (No). Pregunte si
hay edulcorante en la suela de los zapatos que pasaron sobre el. (Si) ^Donde esta
ese edulcorante ahora? (Probablemente en toda la habitacion).
Explique que una forma de probar la cantidad de edulcorante que hay en el piso es
limpiarcon un pano.
Pregunta para los alumnos: "^Creen que un analisis de laboratorio mostrara
edulcorante en el pano? (Si).
Ahora diga a los alumnos que se imaginen que el paquete en realidad estaba lleno de
polvo con plomo. El hecho es que un paquete de pintura a base de plomo pulverizada
(un gramo) podrfa contaminar una habitacion entera a niveles mas altos que el Ifmite
federal de aprobacion. La formula que sostiene esta afirmacion se menciona mas
abajo. No necesita comentarla en detalle, pero usela en caso de que los alumnos
formulen preguntas.
Formula del paquete de edulcorante (Utilice esta information solo si los asistentes
la solicitan).
Un paquete de edulcorante contiene un gramo de edulcorante. Imagine que ese paquete
de un gramo contiene, en realidad, pintura pulverizada con la cantidad de plomo suficiente
para ser definida como pintura a base de plomo (0.5% por peso). El paquete de
edulcorante contendrfa entonces, 5,000 microgramos de polvo de plomo, suficiente para
contaminar 125 pies cuadrados a un nivel de 40 microgramos por pie cuadrado. Si el
polvo tuviera un mayor contenido de plomo, podrfa contaminar un area aun mas grande.
Con un 1% de plomo, un gramo podrfa contaminar 250 pies cuadrados; con un 5% de
plomo, podrfa contaminar 1,250 pies cuadrados.
1-6
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Diapositivas 1-6
Una pequeha cantidad de polvo
puede recorrer largas distancias
No se puede ver.
Es dificil de barrer.
Ademas, recorre distancias.
jlln gramo de pintura a base de plomo puede
contaminar una gran area!
&ERA
Una pequena cantidad de polvo puede recorrer largas distancias.
No se puede ver. Incluso un piso que parece limpio puede tener polvo con plomo. Solamente un
examen de laboratorio puede asegurarle si un area esta contaminada con plomo.
Es dificil de barrer. Los metodos de limpieza normales no recogeran todo el polvo en un area de
trabajo. Barrer no es suficiente. Se necesita usar agua, detergente y una aspiradora HEPA para
limpiar el polvo de forma eficaz.
Recorre distancias. Una vez que se genera polvo, es facil pisarlo y llevarlo dentro y fuera del area
de trabajo. Ademas, un trabajo de pintura exterior puede contaminar el interior de una vivienda
medida que el polvo, las cascaras y el suelo con plomo se llevan al interior con la pisadas.
Mas adelante en este curso, analizaremos en detalle las normas de la Agenda de Protection
Ambiental (EPA, porsus siglas en ingles) y el Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo (HUD, porsus
siglas en ingles) sobre los procesos de aprobacion y los peligros del polvo con plomo. Aqui se
incluyen los limites para reforzar la idea de que una cantidad muy pequena de plomo puede causar
problemas para la salud. Estas cifras representan la cantidad de plomo medida en microgramos (1
millonesima de un gramo) que se permite en un area de un pie de ancho por un pie de largo (un pie
cuadrado). Mas de esta cantidad de plomo en las areas especificas es peligroso.
EPA y HUD utilizan estas normas cuando se realiza la aprobacion:
Pisos 40 microgramos por pie cuadrado
Antepechos interiores de ventanas 250 microgramos por pie cuadrado
Canales de ventanas 400 microgramos por pie cuadrado
NOTA: Los estados y las localidades pueden hacercumplir normas menores.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-7: Video sobre un contratista que enveneno a sus propios hijos
Presente el video leyendo la nota del alumno.
"El siguiente video muestra a Kevin Sheehan, un contratista que trabaja con plomo, que
analiza como enveneno a su familia mientras trabajaba en viviendas mas antiguas que
contenfan pintura a base de plomo. Kevin analiza la necesidad de tomar precauciones
seguras con el plomo durante el trabajo de renovacion, comparte las lecciones aprendidas
y revela lo que se puede hacer para mantener a las personas seguras durante un trabajo
en viviendas mas antiguas con pintura a base de plomo."
Muestre el video a los alumnos.
1-7
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Diapositivas 1-7
El contratista analiza como las practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo
hubiesen protegido a sus hijos contra el envenenamiento con plomo.
El video que se muestra en este punto del curso es sobre Kevin Sheehan, un contratista que trabaja con
plomo, que analiza como enveneno a su familia mientras trabajaba en viviendas mas antiguas que
contenian pintura a base de plomo. Kevin analiza la necesidad de tomar precauciones seguras con
relacion al plomo durante el trabajo de renovacion, comparte la leccion que ha aprendido y revela lo que
se puede hacer para mantener a las personas seguras durante un trabajo en casas mas antiguas con
pintura a base de plomo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-8: Video sobre la madre de una menor envenenada por un
trabajo de renovacion
Presente el video leyendo la nota del alumno.
"El siguiente video muestra a Maurci Jackson, una madre cuya hija se enveneno con
plomo. Analiza lo diffcil que fue ver a su hija someterse a una terapia de "quelacion" (la
elimination qufmica del plomo del cuerpo). Maurci comparte sus temores acerca de la
futura salud de su hija, despues de haber sido envenenada con plomo y su frustration de
saber que el envenenamiento con plomo es completamente prevenible si los que alteran
la pintura a base de plomo consideraran las consecuencias de trabajar con plomo de
forma incorrecta. Enfatiza la necesidad de tomar precauciones y hacer una planificacion
segura con relation al plomo para evitar el envenenamiento."
Muestre el video a los alumnos.
1-8
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Diapositivas 1-8
lead, (led), n. 1. a lieavy,
soft, malleable, tduisli-gray
metallic chemical element.
Video sobre la madre de una menorenvenenada
por un trabajo de renovacion.
&EPA
United SI'
La madre analiza el tratamiento de la menor envenenada por un trabajo de
renovacion.
El video que se muestra en este punto del curso es sobre Maurci Jackson, una madre cuya hija se
enveneno con plomo. Analiza lo dificil que fue ver a su hija someterse a tratamientos de "quelacion" para
eliminar el plomo de su cuerpo. Maurci comparte sus temores acerca de la salud futura de su hija,
despues de habersido envenenada con plomo y su frustration sobre el envenenamiento, ya que es
completamente prevenible si los que alteran la pintura a base de plomo consideraran las consecuencias
de trabajar con plomo de forma incorrecta. Enfatiza la necesidad de tomar precauciones y hacer una
planificacion segura con relation al plomo para evitarel envenenamiento.
Nota: El tratamiento de quelacion es una serie de procedimientos medicos para eliminar el plomo del
cuerpo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 1 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 1-9: Ahora ya saben...
Utilice esta diapositiva brevemente para cerrar el modulo y realizar la transition al modulo
siguiente (Modulo 2: Reglamentos).
1-9
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Diapositivas 1-9
Ahora ya saben...
Lo que es la pintura a base de plomo y los efectos
adversos del plomo para la salud.
Que el polvo es el problema.
Que el envenenamiento por plomo es dificil de
identificar y que los efectos pueden llegar a ser
permanentes.
Que los nines son los que estan en el mayor riesgo de
envenenarse por plomo.
Que el envenenamiento por plomo se puede evitar.
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Modulo 2: Reglamentos
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Proposito: Dar a conocer a los renovadores que asistan al curso de capacitacion el
conocimiento los requisites normativos que afectan el trabajo de renovacion y
familiarizarlos con los recursos que pueden utilizar para comprender las reglas de la
Agenda de Proteccion Ambiental (EPA, por sus siglas en ingles) y del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo (HUD, por sus siglas en ingles).
Repase el proposito de este modulo con los alumnos
Descripcion general de este modulo: Como referenda, la siguiente tabla resume el
contenido y los metodos de ensenanza para este modulo. No trate este punto con los
asistentes.
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
45 minutos
2-1: Modulo 2: Reglamentos
2-2: La regla RRP
2-3: La regla RRP: Exclusiones
2-4: La regla RRP: Estipulacion de renuncia
2-5: La regla RRP: Certificacion de empresa
2-6: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades de la
empresa
2-7: La regla RRP: Certificacion individual
2-8: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades del
renovador certificado
2-9: La regla RRP: Normas de practicas de
trabajo
2-10: La regla RRP: Cumplimiento de la ley
2-11: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
2-12: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo Practicas
de trabajo seguras
2-13: La regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo se refiere a:
2-14: Conozca las reglas de la Agenda de
Proteccion Ambiental y del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo
2-15: Reglamentos estatales y locales
2-16: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Conozca las
reglas de la Agenda de Proteccion
Ambiental y del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo. Estas
reglas determinan las exigencias
especfficas y dependientes del
desempeno que se deben lograr
para conseguir el cumplimiento.
Notas: Conozca a su publico.
Cada contratista debe conocer
todos los reglamentos.
Preparacion para este modulo:
Revise los materiales por
adelantado. Lea todos los
reglamentos federales, estatales y
locales.
Diapositiva 2-1: Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Mencione que el Tftulo X (dicho "Tftulo diez") es la ley de autorizacion tanto para la EPA
como para el HUD por medio de la cual el Congreso les asigno la autoridad para regular
las distintas areas de la industria del plomo.
La EPA recibio el encargo de desarrollar reglamentos de capacitacion y Certificacion que
los renovadores deben seguir al trabajar en viviendas construidas antes de 1978 y en
instalaciones habitadas por ninos.
2-1
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
El HUD recibio el encargo de establecer gufas para practicas de trabajo que se utilizan
durante trabajos de reduction de plomo y de control del peligro del plomo. Ademas, el
HUD es responsable de los reglamentos que norman la renovacion y los trabajos de
control del peligro del plomo en las viviendas de interes con ayuda federal. OSHA es
responsable de desarrollar reglamentos de seguridad para el plomo en la construction y
en las industrias generales.
Reglamentos estatales y locales:
Aborde los reglamentos estatales y locales al final de este modulo.
La Regla Final del Programa de Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura de la EPA permite
que los estados autorizados por dicha entidad administren los requisites de la regla
RRP para la EPA. En estos estados, es el estado autorizado quien proporciona la
certification y acreditacion de la EPA.
En estados no autorizados se deben cumplir tanto los requisites de la EPA como los
del estado.
2-2
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Diapositivas 2-1
Modulo 2: Reglamentos
Agencia de Proteccion Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA):
Creo prog ram as acreditados de capacitacion y certificacion para trabajadores,
supervisors, inspectores y evaluadores de riesgos encargados de la
evaluacion o reduccion de pinturas a base de plomo.
Establecio los requisitos de educacion previa a la renovacion.
Promulgo la Regla Final del Programa de Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura
(regla RRP).
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo de los Estados Unidos
(HUD):
Inicio acciones dirigidas a las viviendas de interes que reciben ayuda federal.
Establecio programas de subsidies federales.
Sento las directrices para la evaluacion y el control de pinturas a base de
plomo y creo la regla de la vivienda sin plomo.
Administracion de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de los Estados
Unidos (OSHA):
Establecio normas de proteccion para el trabajador.
xvEPA
Agencia de Proteccion Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA, por sus siglas en ingles):
La EPA ha establecido requisitos de capacitacion para quienes participan en la reduccion de plomo (eliminacion
permanente del plomo). Un renovador certificado no puede efectuar una reduccion de pintura a base de plomo, a
menos que ademas sea un trabajador o un supervisor certificado en reduccion de plomo.
Se define como reduccion de plomo cualquier medida o conjunto de medidas cuyo proposito sea eliminar o cubrir
pinturas a base de plomo o los peligros de la pintura a base de plomo. Entre otras medidas, la reduccion de plomo
contempla: (1) La eliminacion de pintura y polvo, el cierre o la encapsulacion permanente de pintura a base de plomo, la
sustitucion de superficies o accesorios con pintura o la eliminacion o cobertura permanente de suelos, cuando en tal
pintura, polvo o suelo existan peligros asociados a la pintura a base de plomo; y (2) todas las actividades de preparacion,
limpieza, desecho y pruebas de aprobacion posterior a una reduccion relacionadas con tales medidas. (Codigo de
Regulacion Federal 745.223, parte 40).
La reduccion de plomo no incluye renovaciones, remodelaciones, jardinerfa u otras actividades que no tengan como fin la
eliminacion permanente de los peligros de la pintura de base de plomo, sino que pretenden reparar, restaurar o
remodelar una estructura o vivienda especffica, incluso si de manera imprevista producen una reduccion o la eliminacion
de los peligros de la pintura a base de plomo. Aun mas, la reduccion de plomo no incluye controles, operaciones o
actividades de mantenimiento de caracter provisional ni tampoco otras medidas y actividades destinadas a la disminucion
temporal, pero no permanente, de los peligros de la pintura a base de plomo. (Codigo de Regulacion Federal 745.223,
parte 40).
El modulo 3 contiene informacion sobre los requisitos de educacion previa a la renovacion.
En las siguientes diapositivas se detalla la regla RRP.
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo de los Estados Unidos (HUD):
Si usted trabaja en viviendas de interes que reciben ayuda federal, sera necesario que adopte determinadas acciones
para abordar los peligros del plomo. En estos casos, los trabajadores deben recibir una capacitacion adecuada. Consulte
el Apendice 2 para obtener mas informacion sobre los requisitos que ha establecido el HUD en cuanto a capacitacion del
trabajador y reduccion de los peligros del plomo en viviendas con ayuda federal.
El HUD cuenta con un programa de subsidies para que los gobiernos estatales y locales financien actividades de
reduccion de los peligros del plomo.
Averigue si en los estados y las localidades limftrofes existe algun programa local (con fondos estatales o federales)
disefiado para contrarrestar los peligros del plomo.
Administracion de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de los Estados Unidos (OSHA): La OSHAtiene una norma sobre
plomo en la construccion que resume los requisitos de proteccion al trabajador. Su empleador debe estar al tanto de dichos
requisitos. Para obtener mas informacion con respecto a la regla de OSHA sobre plomo en la construccion, consulte el
Codigo de Regulacion Federal 1926.62, parte 29 (http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3142).
Reglamentos estatales y locales: Es posible que se apliquen reglamentos estatales y locales al trabajo de renovacion que
realiza. Si es asf, al final de este modulo encontrara esos requisitos.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-2: La regla RRP
Al abordar esta diapositiva, asegurese de definir los siguientes terminos:
Vivienda de interes es una vivienda o unidad residencial construida antes del 31 de
diciembre de 1977, excepto:
o viviendas construidas para ancianos o personas con discapacidades (a menos
que un nino menor de 6 anos viva ahf o se espere que viva ahf), o
o viviendas sin dormitories (estudios, hospitales, hoteles, residenciales, etc.)
Nota: Las viviendas de interes tambien pueden recibir el nombre "vivienda construida
antes de 1978".
Una instalacion habitada por ninos es cualquier construccion edificada antes de
1978 o una section de una construccion que recibe visitas de los mismos ninos,
menores de 6 anos, las cuales ocurren al menos en dos dfas distintos de cualquier
semana, durante al menos 3 horas al dfa y donde las visitas semanales combinadas
superan las 6 horas y las visitas anuales combinadas superan las 60 horas. Algunas
instalaciones habitadas por ninos son: escuelas, instalaciones para el cuidado infantil
y guarderfas.
Tenga en cuenta que la EPA puede autorizar estados, territorios y tribus para hacer
cumplir todos los aspectos de la regla RRP. Estos estados reciben el nombre "estados en
el acuerdo". La EPA hace cumplir la regla en los estados que no integren el acuerdo.
2-3
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Diapositivas 2-2
La regla RRP
Trata sobre las actividades que alteran la plntura a base de plomo en las
viviendas de interes y en instalaciones ocupadas por niiios. Requlere que:
Los renovadores se certifiquen mediante capacitacion.
Las empresas se certifiquen.
Los proveedores de capacitacion se acrediten.
Existan practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo en los trabajos de renovacion.
Se brinde educacion previa a la renovacion en las viviendas de interes y en
instalaciones ocupadas por ninos.
El 22 de abrll de 2010, a mas tardar, las empresas que trabajan en hogares
e Instalaciones ocupadas por niiios, construldas antes de 1978, deberan
certlflcarse y emplear practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo en sus
trabajos de renovacion.
La EPA puede autorlzar que el cumpllmlento de la regla sea hecho cumpllr
por estados, territories y trlbus.
xvEPA
Regla Final de la EPA para la Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura:
Publicada el 22 de abril de 2008, con la autoridad de la Ley de Control de Sustancias Toxicas (seccion 402(c)(3)
de la Ley TSCA).
Despues del 22 de abril de 2010, la regla final tratara sobre los peligros de la pintura a base de plomo que se
deriven de actividades de renovacion, reparacion y pintura que alteran la pintura a base de plomo en las
"viviendas de interes" y en las "instalaciones ocupadas por ninos".
Una vivienda de interes es un hogar o una unidad residencial construida antes del 31 de diciembre de 1977,
excepto:
Las viviendas destinadas a ancianos o personas con discapacidad (a menos que resida o vaya a residir
en dicha vivienda algun nino menor de seis anos).
Cualquier vivienda sin dormitorios (porejemplo, estudios, hospitales, hoteles, residencias, etc.)
Una instalacion ocupada por ninos es una construccion anterior a 1978 que reune los tres criterios
siguientes:
Es visitada regularmente por ninos menores de seis anos.
Las visitas son al menos en dos dfas distintos de la semana (perfodo comprendido entre lunes y
domingo), siempre y cuando la visita de cada dfa dure al menos 3 horas.
Las visitas semanales en conjunto representan al menos 6 horas y las visitas anuales en conjunto
representan al menos 60 horas.
Las instalaciones ocupadas por ninos pueden encontrarse en una construccion publica o comercial, o en una
de las viviendas de interes. Entre estas instalaciones se cuentan escuelas, servicios de cuidado infantil y
guarderfas.
Autorizacion estatal: La EPA puede autorizar a los estados, territories y tribus que hagan cumplir los aspectos
de la regla RRP. Estos estados reciben el nombre "estados en el acuerdo". La EPA hara cumplir la regla en los
estados que no integren el acuerdo.
La regla entrara en vigor a partir del 22 de abril de 2010:
Los proveedores de capacitacion deben estar acreditados.
Las empresas de renovacion deben estar certificadas.
Los renovadores y los tecnicos de muestreo de polvo deben contar con capacitacion y certificacion.
Los trabajadores no certificados deben trabajar bajo la supervision e instruction practice de un renovador
certificado.
Se deben seguir practicas de trabajo para los trabajos contemplados por la regla.
Los renovadores deben educar a los propietarios y ocupantes (modulo 3).
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-3: La regla RRP: Exclusiones
Explique a los alumnos que existen varias situaciones en las que la regla no se aplicara
en su trabajo, como:
Cuando un informe de inspection de plomo preparado por un inspector de plomo
certificado o un asesor de riesgo establece que en la vivienda de interes o en la
instalacion habitada por ninos no hay presencia de pintura a base de plomo en las
superficies que se alteraran durante el trabajo.
Cuando el kit de pruebas reconocido por la EPA que utilize el renovador certificado
para probar las superficies que se alteraran durante los trabajos de renovacion,
reparacion o pintura no identifican pintura a base de plomo durante las pruebas.
Cuando los trabajos interiores de renovacion, reparacion o pintura alteran menos de 6
pies cuadrados de pintura por habitation. El reemplazo de ventanas y la demolition no
califican como exclusiones, incluso si la cantidad de pintura a base de plomo presente,
o que se cree presente, que se alterara es inferior a este Ifmite.
Cuando los trabajos exteriores de renovacion, reparacion o pintura alteran menos de
20 pies cuadrados de pintura por lado de la construction.
Cuando el propietario realiza trabajos de renovacion, reparacion y pintura en la
vivienda que ocupa.
Cuando el trabajo se realiza sin compensacion de ningun tipo.
Cuando se realiza una renovacion de emergencia, los requisites de instalacion y
education anterior a la renovacion no se aplican en la medida que sea necesario para
el caso de emergencia. Es posible que no se apliquen otros requisites para el caso de
emergencia; de lo contrario, se considera que estan en vigor. Pese a esto, la empresa
de renovacion debe limpiar la vivienda y realizar una verification o aprobacion de
limpieza antes de que vuelva a ser habitada. En este caso, serfa normal que no
hubiese residentes. Las medidas para la protection personal y las practicas prohibidas
en el trabajo si se pueden aplicar en este trabajo.
Tenga en cuenta que nunca deben realizarse practicas prohibidas, incluso cuando existan
exclusiones en el trabajo.
2-4
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Diapositivas 2-3
La regla RRP: Exclusiones
Actividades de renovacion en que los componentes
afectados no contengan pintura a base de plomo.
Renovaciones de emergencia (requieren limpieza y
verificacion de limpieza).
Reparaciones menores y actividades de
mantenimiento. Nota: Esta exclusion no se aplica a
cambios de ventanas, demoliciones o actividades que
involucren practices prohibidas.
Renovaciones efectuadas por los propietarios en su
propio hogar.
xvEPA
La regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura no se aplica a trabajos de renovacion que reunan las siguientes
exclusiones.
Si la renovacion afecta unicemente a componentes que no contienen pintura a base de plomo, la regla no se
aplica a la renovacion de estos.
La EPA ha establecido Ifmites (a continuacion) para reparaciones menores o mantenimiento. Los trabajos que
no superen estos Ifmites se eximen de los requisites de practices de trabajo de la regla. Los Ifmites de la EPA
para reparaciones menores y mantenimiento son superiores a los Ifmites fijados por el HUD (informacion del
HUD en el siguiente recuadro).
En la regla hay definiciones para las actividades de reparacion menor y mantenimiento.
La EPA ha definido las actividades de reparacion menor y mantenimiento del siguiente modo.
1. Los trabaios de interiores que afectan a menos de 6 pies cuadrados (6 pie ) por habitacion de superficie
pintede se eximen de los requisites de practices de trabajo de esta regla. No se requiere limpieza ni
verificacion de la limpieza despues de efectuar actividades menores de reparacion y mantenimiento, a
menos que impliquen un cambio de ventanas, tareas de demolicion u otras practices prohibidas.
2. Los trabaios de exteriores que afectan a menos de 20 pies cuadrados (20 pie2) de superficie
pintada se eximen de los requisites de practices de trabejo de este regie. No se requiere limpieze ni
verificecion de le limpieze despues de efectuer ectividedes menores de reperecion y mentenimiento, a
menos que impliquen cembio de ventenes, terees de demolicion u otres practices prohibides.
3. Les ectividedes de reperecion menores y de mentenimiento no incluyen cembios de ventenes, terees de
demolicion ni ectividedes que impliquen practices prohibides.
4. Le centided de superficie pintede elterede corresponde el totel de le superficie que ocupebe el
componente retiredo. Selvo en el ceso de renoveciones de emergencie efectuedes en un perfodo de 30
dfes, se considerere que el trebejo es el mismo el momento de determiner le centided de pintura elterede.
Le regie del HUD sobre viviendes sin plomo se eplice e todos los hogeres construidos entes de 1978
que reciben eyude federal pere le viviende, le que hebituelmente se entrege a treves de los gobiernos
esteteles y loceles, en los que se veyen a efecter superficies pintedes meyores a les centidedes de
minimis definides por el HUD. Les centidedes de minimis del HUD son: 2 pies cuedredos de pintura
interior e bese de plomo, 20 pies cuedredos de pintura exterior e bese de plomo 6 10% de le superficie
totel de un tipo de componente interior o exterior con une superficie pequene que contenge pintura e
bese de plomo. Por ejemplo, entepechos de ventene, zocelos y moldures.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-4: La regla RRP: Estipulacion de renuncia
La exencion de renuncia se aplica cuando el propietario decide no utilizar practicas de
trabajo seguras con el plomo y certifica por escrito que:
El propietario y su familia residen en la vivienda;
no hay ninos menores de 6 anos que residan en el hogar;
no hay mujeres embarazadas que residan en el hogar;
no hay instalaciones habitadas por ninos en la vivienda;
se ha informado al propietario y a los residentes acerca de los peligros del plomo
durante las renovaciones y han recibido el folleto Renovar correctamente, y, el
propietario firma un acuse de recibo por escrito que indica que la empresa certificada
no esta obligada a utilizar las practicas de trabajo que se senalan en la regla.
Notas:
Asegurese de que cualquier metodo que utilice para registrar esta information permita
que el dueno pueda documentar como se cumplen todos los requisites de la
estipulacion de renuncia de la regla.
2-5
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Diapositivas 2-4
La regla RRP:
Estipulacion de renuncia
Los propietarios pueden firmar una declaracion de
renuncia de los requisites de practica laboral de la
regla, si se cumplen las siguientes condiciones:
El propietario reside en la casa;
En la casa no reside ninguna persona menor de 6 anos y la
casa no es una instalacion ocupada por ninos;
En la casa no reside ninguna mujer embarazada;
En la propiedad no existe ninguna instalacion ocupada por
ninos; y,
El propietario firma un acuse de recibo por escrito de que no
es necesario que la empresa certificada emplee las practicas
de trabajo de la regla.
xvEPA
Las empresas certificadas cuentan con los conocimientos y la capacitacion necesarios para evitar que el
hogarse contamine con plomo, recurriendo a la aplicacion de practicas de trabajo seguras en la casa en
que se alterara el plomo. La EPA invita a los propietarios a que cumplan con los requisites de renuncia
de las exigencias de practicas de trabajo a que consideren con seriedad los servicios de una empresa
certificada al efectuar renovaciones que alteren pinturas de las que se sabe o se sospecha que son a
base de plomo.
Antes de decidirsi renuncia a los requisites de practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo, el propietario
debe recibir el folletoRenovar correctamente, tal como lo exige la regla educacional previa a la
renovacion. Despues de que se le informe sobre los problemas de seguridad relacionados con la
alteration del plomo en una renovacion, el propietario debe demostrarque cumple con los cuatro
criterios que le permiten renunciar a los requisites de practica de trabajo de la regla.
1. el propietario debe vivir en la residencia que se va a renovar, y,
2. no debe haber ninos menores de seis anos que residan en el hogar; y,
3. no debe haber embarazadas que residan en el hogar; y,
4. en la propiedad no existe ninguna instalacion ocupada por ninos; y,
5. el propietario debe firmar una declaracion de que no es necesario que la empresa certificada emplee
las practicas de trabajo de la regla.
El HUD no permite que los propietarios renuncien a las practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo en su
vivienda beneficiaria de ayuda. La regla del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo se aplica a todos los hogares
construidos antes de 1978 que reciben ayuda federal para la vivienda, en los cuales se van a alterar mas
de 2 pies cuadrados de pintura de interior a base de plomo 6 20 pies cuadrados de pintura de exterior a
base de plomo a causa de lostrabajos de renovacion, reparacion o pintura.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-5: La regla RRP: Certificacion de empresa
Cite el 22 de octubre de 2009 como la fecha en la que las empresas de renovacion
pueden hacer una solicitud para obtener una certificacion segun la regla.
Senale el 22 de abril de 2010 como la fecha en la que todas las empresas de
renovacion deben estar certificadas para continuar realizando trabajos de renovacion,
reparacion o pintura.
Recuerde a los alumnos que la certificacion de una empresa requiere una solicitud y
un pago a la EPA. La certificacion de una empresa es distinta a la certificacion
individual que reciben los renovadores despues de completar satisfactoriamente este
curso.
Mencione a los alumnos que la certificacion de una empresa dura 5 anos despues de
que la EPA la haga y le da a la empresa la capacidad para operar como renovador en
cualquier estado no autorizado por la EPA.
Explique que gobiernos estatales y locales pueden exigir la certificacion de una
empresa y que necesitan verificar las agendas apropiadas para determinar los
requisites que son aplicables.
2-6
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Diapositivas 2-5
La regla RRP: Certificacion de
empresa
A partir del 22 de abril de 2010, todas las renovaciones
cubiertas deben ser efectuadas por empresas certificadas,
mediante renovadores certificados y otros trabajadores
capacitados.
Para certificarse, las empresas deben enviar una solicitud y
pagar un costo a la EPA. Las empresas podran iniciar el
tramite de certificacion el 22 de octubre de 2009.
Las certificaciones tendran validez durante 5 aflos.
La certificacion permite que la empresa realice
renovaciones en cualquier estado o area tribal indigene sin
autorizacion.
xvEPA
A partir del 22 de octubre de 2009 las empresas podran solicitarsu certificacion a la EPA.
A partir del 22 de abril de 2010, ninguna empresa que trabaje con viviendas de interes o con
instalaciones ocupadas por ninos, donde los trabajos vayan a alterar la pintura a base de plomo,
podra realizar, ofrecer o afirmar que efectua renovaciones sin contar con su certificacion de empresa
entregada por la EPA o un estado, territorio o tribu indigena del acuerdo con autorizacion de la EPA.
Solo se necesita una certificacion de empresa de renovaciones otorgada por la EPA para que una
empresa de renovaciones trabaje en cualquier estado, territorio o area tribal no autorizados. La
certificacion de la empresa no es lo mismo que la certificacion personal que logra cada renovador al
aprobar satisfactoriamente el curso.
Los estados, los territorios y las tribus pueden tramitar una autorizacion de la EPA para operar sus
propios programas. Ademas, los estados, los territorios y las tribus, con o sin la autorizacion de la
EPA, podran establecer requisites adicionales para las empresas que trabajan en sus jurisdicciones.
Asegurese de aclarar si su gobierno estatal, territorial o tribal cuenta con reglamentos adicionales
que puedan afectar una renovacion en su comunidad.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-6: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades de la empresa
Repase la information de la diapositiva y del texto del alumno.
2-7
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Diapositivas 2-6
La regla RRP:
Responsabilidades de la empresa
Garantizar el cumplimiento general de la Regla RRP.
Garantizar que todo el personal de renovecion este
integrado por renovadores certificados o ha recibido
cepecitecion practice por parte de renovadores
certificados.
Asignar un renovador certificado a cada trabajo.
Cumplir con los requisites de educecion antes de la
renovacion.
Cumplir con los requisites de gestion de registros.
xvEPA
La empresa certificada debe asegurarse de que todos los que participan en el trabajo de renovacion, reparacion
o pintura cuenten con capacitacion para aplicar practices de trabajo segura con el plomo durante el trabajo. La
EPA exige que todas las personas que se encuentran en el trabajo esten cepecitedes. La persona encargada de
las practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo debe ser un renovador certificado. Los demas empleados de la
empresa (renovadores no certificados) que esten cumpliendo labores deben recibir capacitacion en el trabajo por
parte de un renovador certificado o ser renovadores certificados directamente. Lo anterior se puede lograr si:
Todos los empleados se capacitan como renovadores certificados; o
Al menos una persona se capacita como renovador certificado para que posteriormente capacite al resto de
los empleados en practices de trabejo segures con el plomo. Se debe recorder que este cepecitecion tiene
que ser impertide por un renovedor certificedo.
Le emprese certificede debe designer a un renovedor certificedo pere: Reelizer les ectividedes de instelecion,
gerentizer que le renovecion se efectue de ecuerdo con les normes de les practices de trebejo, reviser el trebejo
y les ectividedes de limpieze mediente el procedimiento de verificecion de limpieze y cepeciter el personel de
renovecion no certificedo en el trebejo en les normes de trebejo segures con el plomo.
Le emprese certificede debe gerentizer que le renovecion se efectue de conformided con los requisites de les
practices de trebejo contenides en le regie.
Le emprese certificede debe cumplir los requisites de educecion previe a le renovecion.
Le emprese certificede tembien este encergede de Never todos los registros, teles como:
Documentecion sobre educecion previe e le renovecion (comprobente de recibo, comprobente de entrege,
exenciones de responsebilided, etc.);
Documentecion sobre le pinture e bese de plomo;
Registros de cepecitecion y certificecion; y,
Registros de verificecion de limpieze.
Note: El modulo 7 detelle le gestion de registros.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-7: La regla RRP: Certificacion individual
Cite el 22 de abril de 2010 como la fecha en la que al menos un renovador active debe
recibir una certification para supervisar los trabajos de renovacion, reparacion o
pintura.
Para recibir la certification de renovador certificado solo se debe completar
satisfactoriamente un curso de capacitacion aprobado por la EPA que haya sido
dirigido por un proveedor de capacitacion acreditado por la EPA.
Mencione a los alumnos que la certification dura 5 anos despues de que se haya
completado satisfactoriamente el curso y les da la capacidad para operar como
renovadores en cualquier estado no autorizado por la EPA.
Recuerde a los alumnos que tendran que llevar una copia de la information de su
capacitacion cuando esten en la obra.
Explique que entidades estatales, locales y tribales pueden exigir la certification en
algunas areas y que necesitan verificar las agencias apropiadas para determinar los
requisites que son aplicables.
Para mantener su certification, los renovadores certificados deben cursar
capacitaciones de perfeccionamiento impartidas por un proveedor de capacitacion de
perfeccionamiento de renovador acreditado por la EPA antes de que se cumplan 5
anos de la fecha de su curso de certification initial.
2-8
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Diapositivas 2-7
La regla RRP:
Certificacion individual
Para convertirse en renovador certificado, la persona debe
tomar un curso de capacitacion de 8 horas de duracion
aprobado por la EPA con un proveedor de capacitacion
acreditado por la EPA.
El certificado de finalizacion del curso sirve para certificar a un
renovador (sin necesidad de tramitar la certificacion con EPA).
Se requiere una capacitacion de perfeccionamiento cada 5
Los trabaiadores no necesitan certificacion mientras reciban
capacitacion en el trabajo de parte de un renovador certificado y
mientras el trabajo no este reglamentado por el HUD.
xvEPA
A partir del 22 de abril de 2010, todas las renovaciones deberan ser dirigidas por renovadores certificados. Una
persona puede llegar a ser un renovador certificado si toma un curso de 8 horas de duracion aprobado por la EPA
para capacitarse en materia de practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo, con un proveedor de capacitacion
aprobado por la EPA. La aprobacion satisfactoria del curso le otorga una certificacion durante 5 anos como
renovador certificado. Para conservar la certificacion, los renovadores certificados deben asistir a un curso de
perfeccionamiento de 4 horas aprobado por la EPA e impartido por un proveedor de capacitacion acreditado por la
EPA, antes de que la certificacion expire.
No es necesario presenter una solicitud ni pagar para convertirse en renovador certificado. En lugar de esto, el
certificado de aprobacion del curso sirve como certificacion de renovador. Debe haber una "copia" del certificado de
aprobacion del curso inicial o del curso de perfeccionamiento disponible en la obra mientras se trabaja.
Los estados, los territories y las tribus podran establecer requisites para los renovadores individuales que trabajen en
sus jurisdicciones. Asegurese de determinar si su gobierno estatal, territorial o tribal cuenta con reglamentos
adicionales que puedan afectar su campo de accion y lugar de trabajo autorizado.
El HUD exige que todos los trabajadores sean capacitados por un instructor, a menos que esten
supervisados por un supervisor certificado en reduccion (que tambien debe ser un renovador
autorizado en virtud de la regla RRP).
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-8: La regla RRP: Responsabilidades del renovador certificado
Repase la diapositiva y el texto del alumno junto con la clase.
2-9
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Diapositivas 2-8
La regla RRP: Responsabilidades
del renovador certificado
Efectuar el trabajo y guiar las practicas de trabajo seguras con el
plomo.
Impartir capacitacion practica a los trabajadores no certificados.
Conservar en la obra una copia de los certificados de capacitacion
inicial o perfeccionamiento.
Usar los kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA para identificar la
pintura a base de plomo.
Estar presente mientras se colocan letreros, se contienen y limpian las
areas de trabajo.
Estar disponible por via telefonica cuando este fuera de la obra.
Mantener la contencion para que el polvo y los escombros queden
dentro del area de trabajo.
Poner en marcha el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.
Preparar y mantener los registros necesarios. "PDA
La regla RRP requiere que un renovador certificado individual se encargue de las labores de renovacion, al
margen del nivel de capacitacion y certificacion de las demas personas que se desempenan en el lugar de
trabajo. Dicho renovador certificado individual tendra las siguientes responsabilidades.
1. Efectuar el trabajo y guiar a los renovadores no certificados.
2. Capacitar en el trabajo a todos los trabajadores no certificados en materia de practicas de trabajo seguras
con el plomo.
3. Conservar copias de los certificados de capacitacion inicial o de perfeccionamiento en la obra.
4. Realizar pruebas a la pintura a base de plomo, recurriendo a kits de pruebas reconocidos por EPA e
informar los resultados.
5. Permanecer en la obra durante la colocacion de letreros, la instalacion del area de trabajo y las etapas de
limpieza del trabajo.
6. Si no se encuentra en la obra, estar disponible por telefono o buscapersonas.
7. Asegurarse de que se conserve la contencion en una forma que impida el escape de polvo y escombros.
Esta responsabilidad implica la necesidad de determinar que practicas de trabajo se van a emplear para
minimizar el polvo.
8. Realizar el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza para garantizar que el trabajo este finalizado y que
el area de trabajo este en condiciones de ser ocupada nuevamente.
9. Preparar un resumen del trabajo, conservar los registros de capacitacion y certificacion, y certificar que
todo el trabajo se haya efectuado de un modo seguro con el plomo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-9: La regla RRP: Normas de practices de trabajo
Repase brevemente los temas de la diapositiva.
Enfatice que los pasos relacionados con las practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo:
instalacion, practicas prohibidas y practicas de reduction de polvo, limpieza y
verification o aprobacion de limpieza y la administacion de registros, se abordaran en
los modules 4, 5, 6 y 7, respectivamente.
2-10
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Diapositivas 2-9
La regla RRP:
Normas de practices de trabajo
La regla de la renovacion, reparacion y pintura contempla la
instalacion del area de trabajo, las practices de trabajo
prohibidas, la limpieza y el procedimiento de verificacion
de limpieza.
Las practicas de instalacion, tales como colocacion de letreros y
contencion del area de trabajo, se abordaran en el modulo 4.
Las practicas prohibidas y las sugerencias para la reduccion de
polvo se abordaran en el modulo 5.
Las practicas de limpieza v los procedimientos de verificacion de
limpieza se abordaran en el modulo 6.
La qestion de reqistros se abordara en el modulo 7.
xvEPA
El HUD dispone de requisites adicionales de practicas de trabajo. Consulte la diapositiva 2-13.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-10: La regla RRP: Cumplimiento con la ley
Documentacion: Informe lo siguiente a los alumnos:
La documentation de las renovaciones, pruebas y capacitaciones relacionadas con
las renovaciones debe conservarse por 3 anos despues del termino del trabajo.
Cumplimiento con la ley: Informe lo siguiente a los alumnos:
La EPA tiene la autoridad de exigir una multa civil de $32,500 por infraction y una
multa criminal adicional de $32,500, mas reclusion, a una empresa que consciente y
deliberadamente viole los requisites de la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
Ademas, la EPA puede revocar las certificaciones de empresas e individuos que
violen los requisites de la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
2-11
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Diapositivas 2-10
La regla RRP: Cumplimiento de la
ley
La EPA puede suspender, revocar o modificar la
certificacion de una empresa si se constata un
incumplimiento de parts de la empresa certificada o
del renovador certificado.
Dichas empresas no conformes podrian ser
responsables de pagar sanciones administrativas de
hasta $32.500 por cada infraccion cometida.
Las empresas que infrinjan este reglamento con
premeditacion y conocimiento de causa se exponen
a multas de hasta $32.500 adicionales por cada
infraccion cometida o a privacion de libertad. o a
ambas medidas.
xvEPA
Cumplimiento de la ley:
La EPA esta facultada para imponer sanciones civiles de $32,500 por cada infraccion cometida y una sancion
penal adicional de $32,500 mas reclusion por el incumplimiento consciente y premeditado de las exigencias de
la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
La EPAtambien puede revocar la certificacion de una empresa certificada o de un renovador certificado que
infrinja los requisites de la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
Se debe recorder que el infractor puede ser una empresa de renovacion certificada o un contratista no
certificado que desconozca o eluda el requisite de convertirse en una empresa de renovacion certificada.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-11: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre
viviendas sin plomo
Nota para el instructor: Esta diapositiva es una introduction a la regla del HUD y
detalla el publico objetivo general para dicho reglamento.
Comente los tipos de viviendas que se ven afectadas, la cualidad programatica de los
requisites de la regla sobre la vivienda sin plomo y las fechas en las que entrara en
vigencia.
Enfatice que para determinar si una propiedad recibe asistencia financiera federal, se
deben formular las preguntas que se encuentran en el Apendice 2, bajo el tftulo "Como
averiguar information acerca de los requisites de la pintura a base de plomo que se
aplican al trabajo planificado en propiedades que reciben asistencia para la vivienda
de parte del HUD, como asistencia de rehabilitation o adquisicion".
Indique que, a medida que se van renovando, muchas casas construidas antes de
1978 que se encuentran en proceso de ejecucion hipotecaria (a partir de comienzos
del ano 2009) pueden estar sujetas a la regla RRP de la EPA o a reglamentos del
HUD, o ambas, segun corresponda.
2-12
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Diapositivas 2-11
Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
Abarca las VIViiMDAS de interes de propiedad
federal o con ayuda federal, asi como las viviendas
de interes de propiedad federal que se venden. Los
renovadores deben averiguar si la vivienda recibe
ayuda financiera.
Si es asi, el renovador debe pedirle al propietario que
averigue si se trata de ayuda federal.
La regla del HUD cuenta con requisites de
evaluacion y control segun del tipo de ayuda:
Evaluacion visual, inspection de pintura a base de plomo;
estabilizacion de pintura, control provisional, reduccion;
mantenimiento continuo de pintura a base de plomo.
xvEPA
Los requisites del HUD para viviendas que reciben ayuda federal son similares a los contenidos en la regla de EPA,
con algunas excepciones. En este programa se destacaran las diferencias entre las reglas del HUD y la regla RRP
mediante cuadros de texto especiales que contienen el logotipo del HUD. Estos recuadros se ubican en la parte
inferior de las paginas, donde haya alguna diferencia entre los requisites de la EPA y del HUD. El Apendice 2 incluye
una descripcion general de los requisites del HUD y una tabla que detalla las diferencias entre las reglas.
La "Regla de viviendas sin plomo" del HUD se refiere a las viviendas de propiedad federal o con ayuda federal
construidas antes de 1978, asf como a las viviendas de propiedad federal que se venden. Este reglamento tambien
se puede aplicar a las viviendas de propiedad de un organismo federal y operadas por un organismo federal distinto
del HUD.
La regla del HUD no contempla las "instalaciones ocupadas por nifios", a menos que formen parte de una propiedad
residencial incluida en la regla. Esto la diferencia de la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura de la EPA, que
abarca viviendas e instalaciones ocupadas por nifios, reciban ayuda federal o no. Cuando exista alguna diferencia
entre los reglamentos de la EPA y del HUD, se debe aplicar la norma mas protectora.
El HUD cuenta con numerosos programas que brindan ayuda financiera, porejemplo: rehabilitacion, desarrollo
comunitario, asesorfa en adquisiciones, etc. El HUD exige que se aborden los peligros de la pintura a base de plomo
(tales como el raspado de pintura, superficies con friccion e impacto y altas concentraciones de polvo con plomo)
relacionando dichas actividades con la ayuda financiera que otorga el HUD. Al consultar con el cliente si una
vivienda recibe ayuda federal, los renovadores deben reconocer que esta podrfa provenir de un gobierno estatal o
local, o de una corporacion de desarrollo comunitario u otra entidad local, por lo cual es posible que tengan que
pedirle al cliente que confirme cual es la fuente principal de los fondos de ayuda.
El HUD no reconoce por si solo la capacitacion en el trabajo del trabajador y, en general, requiere que todas las
personas que efectuan controles provisionales (consulte la diapositiva 2-12) de los peligros del plomo, en una
vivienda de propiedad federal y con ayuda federal, realicen un curso de capacitacion aprobado por el HUD. Los
requisites de capacitacion del HUD para el trabajo, excepto la reduccion, se cumplen al aprobar satisfactoriamente el
curso de renovador certificado, aprobado en conjunto por la EPA y el HUD.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-12: Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre
viviendas sin plomo Practices de trabajo seguras
Recuerde a los alumnos los componentes de los controles provisionales.
Aconseje a los alumnos que verifiquen si las leyes o reglamentos de su estado
permiten que personas capacitadas pero no certificadas realicen controles
provisionales. Si lo permiten, los contratistas de renovacion pueden realizar estas
actividades.
Explique las cuatro actividades en las que el HUD requiere practicas de trabajo
seguras con el plomo.
Estabilizacion de la pintura: esta actividad hace que la pintura que no esta intacta
vuelva a su condition intacta.
Rehabilitacion (ingresos menores que $5,000 por unidad): son actividades de
menor escala que mejoran las estructuras existentes. Estas actividades incluyen,
por ejemplo, el reemplazo de una o dos ventanas. La regla sobre la vivienda libre
de plomo define "rehabilitacion" como la mejora de una estructura existente por
medio de alteraciones, adiciones incidentales o ampliaciones. Una rehabilitacion
incluye las reparaciones que sean necesarias para corregir los resultados de
mantenimientos diferidos, el reemplazo de accesorios y componentes, las mejoras
para aumentar el uso eficiente de la energfa y la instalacion de dispositivos de
seguridad.
Tratamientos estandar: son un grupo de actividades, como el tratamiento de
puertas y ventanas para evitar que se rocen y generen polvo, que se realizan para
enfrentar la generation potencial de peligros relacionados con el plomo.
Usualmente, estos tratamientos se realizan si se supone la presencia de plomo.
Mantenimiento constante de pintura a base de plomo: son tareas que se realizan
una y otra vez, como las actividades de mantenimiento que alteran la pintura a
base de plomo.
Compare los Ifmites "de minimi's" de la regla del HUD con los Ifmites de reparaciones
menores y mantenimiento de la regla RRP.
2-13
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Diapositivas 2-12
Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
Practicas de trabajo seguras
La regla del HUD requiere practices de trabajo seguras
con el plomo para:
Estabilizacion de la pintura
Control provisional de los peligros de la pintura a base
de plomo identificados
Rehabilitacion (renovecion)
Tratamientos estandar
Mantenimiento continue de pintura a base de plomo
El nivel de minimis del HUD es inferior al nivel para
reparaciones menores y mantenimientos de la
regla RRP
xvEPA
La regla del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo requiere trabajos seguros con el plomo en las actividades que figuran en
la diapositiva. Especifica cuales son las practices prohibidas, los requisites de proteccion de los ocupantes y los
preparatives de la obra. Se deben empleartecnicas de limpieza especiales y se debe obtener una eprobecion.
Se exige la aplicacion de practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo durante los siguientes casos:
Estabilizacion de la pintura: Renovacion destinada a reparar superficies pintadas que no esten intactas
(descascarillado, raspado u otros dafios) mediante la reperecion del sustrato (si es necesario), la preparacion
de la superficie y la aplicacion de otra capa de pintura. El resultado es una superficie pintada intacta.
Controles provisionales: Segun la definicion del HUD, los controles provisionales incluyen reparacion, pintura,
contencion temporal, limpieza especializada, aprobacion, actividades continuas de mantenimiento de pinturas
a base de plomo y establecimiento y operacion de programas de gestion y educacion para los ocupantes.
Rehabilitacion: Este es el termino del HUD para la renovacion de propiedades.
Tratamientos estandar: Conjunto de medidas que disminuyen todos los peligros potenciales de la pintura a
base de plomo dentro de una vivienda, cuando se presume que hay pintura a base de plomo (no se realiza
una evaluacion de la pintura de base de plomo). Toda la pintura deteriorada se trata como un peligro de
pintura de base de plomo.
Mantenimiento continue: Actividades normales de mantenimiento.
En las viviendas de interes que sean de propiedad federal o que reciban ayuda federal, se deben reparar todas las
areas con pintura deteriorada en el area de trabaio. Si el trabajo afecta a cantidades inferiores a las cantidades - "de
minimis" - que se enumeran a continuacion, no es necesario que se empleen las practices de trabejo segures con el
plomo ni los requisites de eprobecion de le regie del HUD. Los Ifmites "de minimis" dispuestos por el HUD son mes
bejos que los Ifmites pere ectividedes de reperecion menory mentenimiento de le regie de renovecion, reperecion y
pinture de le EPA. Les centidedes "de minimis" del HUD son:
2 pies cuedredos en cuelquier sele o especio interior.
20 pies cuedredos en superficies exteriores.
10% de le superficie totel de un componente interior o exterior de tipo pequefio.
En el modulo 6 se treten los requisites de eprobecion del HUD. En generel, le eprobecion se requiere despues de
todos los trebejos que exceden les centidedes de minimis del HUD y le reelize un profesionel certificedo
independiente de le emprese certificede de renovecion, como un inspector de plomo, un eveluedorde riegos del
plomo o un tecnico de muestreo de polvo. Es posible que les jurisdicciones esteteles y loceles tengen distintos
requisites de eprobecion en comperecion con el HUD o le EPA, en cuyo ceso se epliceren los requisites que resulten
mes esthetes.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-13: La regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo se
refiere a:
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas. Indique las
diferencias entre las reglas de la EPA y el HUD.
Las notas que se encuentran bajo la diapositiva son una copia de la information que
se encuentra en la tabla del Apendice 2: Diferencias entre los reglamentos sobre la
vivienda sin plomo del HUD y los reglamentos de renovacion, reparacion y pintura de
la EPA.
2-14
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Diapositivas 2-13
La regla del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo se refiere a:
Capacitacion (por lo habitual, capacitacion en la sala de
clases para los trabajadores)
Proteccion de ocupantes y preparacion de la obra
Metodos prohibidos (3 mas que en la regla RRP)
Niveles de minimis (menores a los de la regla RRP)
Practices de trabajo con el plomo
Limpieza especializada
Pruebas de aprobacion (abordadas en el modulo 6)
Notificacion a los ocupantes (en un plazo de 15 dfas)
xvEPA
La regla del HUD de viviendas sin plomo (LSHR) contempla el trabajo de renovacion en las viviendas de interes que
reciben ayuda federal o son de propiedad federal y aborda de manera especffica las siguientes actividades seguras
con el plomo.
Capacitacion: La EPA requiere que los proyectos de renovacion esten a cargo de un renovador certificado.
Debido a este requisite, ahora existen dos grandes opciones de capacitacion para el trabajo de renovacion en
virtud de la regla de viviendas sin plomo:
Todos los renovadores se capacitan en el lugar de trabajo directamente con un renovador certificado; o
el renovador certificado designado es tambien supervisor certificado en reduccion de plomo y todos los
trabajadores que no sean renovadores certificados reciben capacitacion practice en materia de normas de
trabajo seguras con el plomo (consulte el modulo 8).
Proteccion de ocupantes y preparacion de la obra: Los ocupantes deben permanecer fuera del area de trabajo
mientras se realizan labores de renovacion, debiendo ser reubicados a otra unidad de vivienda durante los
proyectos de renovacion de mayor duracion. No se pueden emplear kits de pruebas reconocidos por EPA para
corroborar la existencia de pinturas a base de plomo (LBP, por sus siglas en ingles) y solo un inspector de plomo
certificado o un evaluador de riesgos puede establecer si hay presencia de pintura a base de plomo.
Practicas prohibidas: El HUD prohfbe las mismas practices que la regla RRP de la EPA, con tres prohibiciones
mas:
Pistolas de aire caliente que carbonizan la pintura;
Raspado o lijado en seco, excepto a menos de 1 pie de una toma de corriente electrica; y,
Uso de decapantes volatiles en areas con poca ventilacion.
Niveles de minimis: El HUD establece un umbral de minimis menor para trabajos en interiores, en comparacion
con el Ifmite de la EPA para actividades de reparacion menor y mantenimiento. Consulte las notas de la diapositiva
previa para obtener mas detalles.
Pruebas de aprobacion: El HUD exige un examen de aprobacion cuando finalice un trabajo de renovacion
superior al nivel de minimis, para hogares reglamentados por la regla de viviendas sin plomo. Ademas, el HUD
requiere que se efectue un examen de aprobacion a cargo de una tercera parte independiente del renovador y, por
tanto, no permitira que se acepte la inspeccion visual del propio renovador certificado ni el uso del procedimiento
de verificacion de limpieza. Al aplicar la regla de viviendas sin plomo del HUD a su trabajo (consulte el Apendice
2), es necesario que un profesional certificado realice un examen de aprobacion, porejemplo, un inspector de
plomo, un evaluador de riesgos de plomo o un tecnico de muestreo de polvo. Algunas autoridades estatales y
locales exigen distintos requisites y normas para las aprobaciones.
Notificacion a los ocupantes: El HUD requiere la entrega de avisos a los ocupantes en un plazo maximo de 15
dfas a partir de la identificacion de pintura a base de plomo o peligros por pintura a base de plomo en su unidad (y
en areas comunes, si las hay) y en un plazo maximo de 15 dfas tras la finalizacion del trabajo de control de
peligros en su unidad o en areas comunes.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-14: Conozca las reglas de la Agencia de Proteccion Ambiental
y del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo
Presente brevemente esta section para fines informativos.
2-15
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Diapositivas 2-14
Conozca las reglas de la Agenda de
Protection Ambiental y del
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo
Para recibir una copia de los reglamentos,
comuniquese con el Centre Nacional de
Information sobre el Plomo al telefono 1-800-
424-LEAD.
Tambien puede descargar las reglas y la demas
informacion desde los siguientes sitios Web:
www.epa.gov/lead
www.hud.gov/offices/lead
xvEPA
Las personas y empresas que realicen renovaciones, reparaciones y pintura en viviendas construidas antes de 1978
y en instalaciones ocupadas por nifios deben entender la Regla Final de la Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura de la
EPA. En el Apendice 1 se puede encontrar la Regla Final de la Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura de la EPA.
Las personas que realicen renovaciones, remodelaciones y rehabilitaciones en viviendas construidas antes de 1978
beneficiarias de ayuda federal deben entender la regla de viviendas sin plomo del HUD. En el Apendice 2 hay mas
informacion sobre la regla de viviendas sin plomo del HUD.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-15: Reglamentos estatales y locales
Esta diapositiva esta reservada para reglamentos estatales y locales que se aplican al
renovador certificado y a la empresa certificada. En caso de que los requisites
estatales o locales sean diferentes de los requisites del HUD, estos deben incluirse en
la informacion del curso en este momento de la presentation.
Los instructores deben determinar los reglamentos estatales y locales que se aplican a
los trabajos de renovacion y agregar esa informacion en esta pagina, en la diapositiva
y en las notas de los alumnos que correspondan.
Las copias o resumenes de los reglamentos estatales, locales y tribales que sean
aplicables se deben incluir en el Apendice 7, que esta reservado para este proposito.
2-16
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Diapositivas 2-15
Reglamentos estatales y locales
Es posible que los reglamentos de los estados y
las localidades sobre renovaciones en las
viviendas de interes sean distintos a los de la EPA
ydel HUD.
Consulte con los organismos de la vivienda y el
ambiente de su estado o localidad para obtener
mas informacion sobre dichos requisites.
El Apendice 7 esta reservado para incluir copias o
resumenes de los reglamentos estatales y locales.
xvEPA
Reservado para que los alumnos tomen notas sobre reglamentos estatales y locales que aplican a la renovacion y
que sean diferentes de los reglamentos de la EPA y del HUD.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 2 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 2-16: Ahora ya saben...
Lea rapidamente la diapositiva y utilfcela como un puente para el siguiente tema
(Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar).
2-17
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Diapositivas 2-16
Ahora ya saben...
Que la Regla Final del Programa de Renovacion, Reparacion y
Pintura de la EPA (regla RRP) se aplica a las renovaciones en
viviendas e instalaciones ocupadas por ninos que se hayan
construido antes de 1978 y contengan pintura a base de plomo.
Que se deben considerar siempre los requisites y las
responsabilidades de certificacion de las empresas certificadas y
los renovadores certificados, y que se debe renovar la
certificacion cada 5 anos.
Como cumplir con los requisites de instalacion del area de
trabajo, practicas detrabajo prohibidas, limpieza y procedimiento
de verificacion de limpieza de la regla.
Como averiguar si su trabajo de renovacion se rige por la EPA, el
HUD, ambas organizaciones o ninguna.
xvEPA
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Modulo 3: Antes de Comenzar a Trabajar
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Descripcion general de este modulo: La siguiente tabla resume el contenido y los
metodos de ensenanza de este modulo. Es para su propia referenda. No trate este punto
con los asistentes.
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
40 minutos
3-1: Modulo 3: Antes de
comenzar a trabajar
3-2: Eduque a los propietarios
y residentes
3-3: ^Que tan comun es el uso
de pinturas a base de plomo en
viviendas?
3-4: Como determinar si hay
pintura a base de plomo
3-5: Mediante los kits de
pruebas reconocidos por la
EPA para verificar la presencia
de pintura a base de plomo
3-6: Ejercicio practice del kit de
pruebas
3-7: Uso de cuadros logicos
para decidir
3-8: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Planifique antes de comenzar a
trabajar.
Notas: Este modulo contiene dos ejercicios: Un
ejercicio practice que usa los kits de pruebas
reconocidos por la EPA y una cascara de pintura
y; un ejercicio en papel que utiliza los
organigramas para tomar decisiones que estan en
la Guia de cumplimiento para determinar los
requisites de la EPA y del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo que se aplican al trabajo.
Preparation para este modulo: Revise los
materiales con anticipacion, para que se
familiarice con los escenarios y las listas de
verificacion.
Ejercicio practice con kits de pruebas: Los
asistentes aprenderan cuando y como usar los kits
de prueba de plomo. Revise los materiales con
anticipacion, para familiarizarse con el conjunto de
destrezas N° 1.
Diapositiva 3-1: Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a trabajar
El proposito de este modulo es ayudar al renovador certificado a formular las
preguntas correctas para planificar un trabajo y enfatizar la importancia de la
planificacion. El modulo describe un escenario breve y simple. Posteriormente, los
asistentes completaran una lista de verificacion de una planificacion y la comentaran.
Anuncie el modulo y pase rapidamente a la siguiente diapositiva.
3-1
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Diapositivas 3-1
Modulo 3: Antes de comenzar a
trabajar
Descripcion general
Este modulo le ensenara:
A educar a los propietarios y residentes.
Que el uso de la pintura a base de plomo era muy
comun.
A determinar si hay pintura a base de plomo.
A usar los kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
para verificar si hay pintura a base de plomo.
Como decidir cuales son las reglas que se aplican.
&EPA
Descripcion general del modulo
El modulo tambien contempla las importantes preguntas que se deben formular al comienzo de un trabajo, a fin de
establecer si un trabajo se enmarca dentro de la regla RRP o las reglas del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo (HUD, por sus siglas en ingles), y que requisites se aplican.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 3-2: Eduque a los propietarios y residentes
Repase los requisites de education antes de la renovacion.
Pregunte a los alumnos si tienen alguna duda respecto de sus obligaciones segun los
reglamentos de la EPA en cuanto a la education que se debe proporcionar a
propietarios y residentes. Asegurese de abordar los requisites para las viviendas,
areas comunes e instalaciones habitadas por ninos.
Recuerde a los alumnos que deben consultar con sus autoridades estatales y locales
para averiguar si existen reglas, reglamentos o requisites adicionales para trabajar con
pintura a base de plomo.
Gufe a los alumnos a traves de la lectura del folleto Renovar correctamente.
Information importante para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas
acerca del peligro del plomo, en el apendice 3.
Enfatice que el folleto Renovar correctamente se puede copiar a fin de cumplir los
requisites de education previa a la renovacion.
3-2
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Diapositivas 3-2
Eduque a los propietarios y
residentes
La regla educacional previa a la renovacion:
Exige que las empresas de renovacion proporcionen el folleto Renovar correctamente
a los propietarios o residentes, antes de las actividades de renovacion en viviendas
construidas antes de 1978 e instalaciones habitadas por nirios.
Especifica los requisitos para la educacion de los residentes u ocupantes y la entrega
del folleto Renovar correctamente, que puede variar segun el tipo de propiedad y el
area que se renueve.
Conforme a la regla RRP, las empresas certificadas DEBEN:
Entregar copias del folleto Renovar correctamente a los propietarios de viviendas o
residentes y a los propietarios o adultos representantes de instalaciones habitadas
por nirios.
Dar aviso de la renovacion a los padres o tutores de los nirios que usan las
instalaciones, ademas de indicarles como obtener una copia del folleto Renovar
correctamente.
Obtener la confirmacion de recibo del folleto Renovar correctamente por parte de los
propietarios o la evidencia de que el folleto se entrego a los arrendatarios o
residentes.
Conservar todos los registros durante al menos 3 afios.
Exclusiones: La regla educacional previa a la renovacion abarca las mismas actividades de renovacion que se
encuentran enmarcadas dentro de la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura. Se aplican las mismas exclusiones,
salvo que el propietario u ocupante no puede renunciarvoluntariamente a la entrega del folleto. (Consulte el modulo
2 para obtener mas informacion sobre las exclusiones.)
Trabajo en viviendas: Las empresas de renovacion certificada deben distribuir el folleto Renovar correctamente en
un plazo de no mas de 60 dfas antes del comienzo de la renovacion, a los propietarios y residentes de las viviendas
construidas antes de 1978 que se van a renovar.
Las empresas deben obtener el acuse de recibo por escrito del propietario o la prueba de que el folleto se
envio por correo certificado, con solicitud de confirmacion de entrega, al menos 7 dfas antes del comienzo de
la renovacion.
Para los arrendatarios, las empresas certificadas deben obtener un acuse de recibo por escrito o un
documento donde se sefiale que la empresa entrego el folleto y no pudo obtener un acuse de recibo por
escrito.
Todas las pruebas de registros de recepcion, correo o entrega se deben conservar durante 3 afios despues
de la finalizacion de la renovacion.
Los formularios de muestra para documentar la confirmacion de recepcion se incluyen en el folleto Renovar
correctamente.
Trabajo en areas comunes: Las empresas de renovacion certificada deben proporcionar el folleto Renovar
correctamente en un plazo de no mas de 60 dfas antes del comienzo de la renovacion, al propietario de la vivienda
construida antes de 1978 que se esta renovando. Las empresas deben proporcionar una notificacion por escrito a
todos los que residen en las unidades afectadas de la propiedad que se esta renovando; ademas, deben informar a
los residentes afectados sobre la ubicacion de la informacion publicada, en caso de que el trabajo en las areas
comunes cercanas los afecte. La siguiente informacion sobre el trabajo se debe publicar en las areas comunes:
Description de la naturaleza y ubicacion del trabajo;
Lista de las fechas de inicio y termino del trabajo; y
Entrega del folleto Renovar correctamente o de informacion sobre como obtener una copia gratuita de este.
Esta informacion se puede proporcionar a los arrendatarios por correo, personalmente o mediante la instalacion de
letreros que la incluyan, en lugares donde los residentes de todas las unidades afectadas puedan verlas.
Trabajo en instalaciones habitadas por nirios: Las empresas de renovacion certificadas deben distribuir el folleto
Renovar correctamente en un plazo de no mas de 60 dfas antes del comienzo de la renovacion, al propietario de la
construction y a un representante adulto de la instalacion habitada por nirios, con los mismos requisitos de
documentation que se estipulan en el caso de las viviendas. Las empresas tambien deben proporcionar una
notificacion a los padres y tutores de los nirios que usan las instalaciones, con los mismos requisitos que se
estipulan en el caso de los arrendatarios afectados por las renovaciones en areas comunes.
Para obtener copias del folleto Renovar correctamente visite el sitio Web de la EPA en www.epa.gov/lead, o
comunfquese con el Centre Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323). El folleto se puede
copiar para fines de distribution segun sea necesario, a fin de cumplir con los requisitos de educacion previa a la
renovacion.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 3-3: <-,Que tan comun es el uso de pinturas a base de plomo en
viviendas?
Mensaje clave de esta diapositiva: Un alto porcentaje de viviendas anteriores a 1960
contienen pintura a base de plomo. Las viviendas que se construyeron entre 1960 y 1978
contienen, ademas, cantidades importantes de pintura a base de plomo en superficies,
pero el porcentaje de viviendas con pintura a base de plomo disminuye en la medida que
su fecha de construction se acerca a 1978.
Destaque que alrededor de 34 millones de hogares posefan alguna cantidad de
pintura a base de plomo, de acuerdo con la American Healthy Homes Survey
(Encuesta sobre hogares saludables en los Estados Unidos) de 2006 del
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo. Ademas, tenga en cuenta que la pintura a
base de plomo que se encuentra bajo otra capa de pintura sigue siendo un problema,
y creara polvo y escombros contaminados con plomo cuando se altere o se deteriore.
Las viviendas que se construyeron antes de 1950 pueden contener altos niveles de
pintura a base de plomo. Explique que muchas viviendas que se construyeron antes
de 1978 pueden contener cierto nivel de pintura a base de plomo. Los asistentes
deben suponer que toda vivienda construida durante o antes del ano 1978 contiene
pintura a base de plomo, salvo que un renovador certificado de la EPA, un inspector
de plomo certificado o un evaluador de riesgo haya realizado pruebas a la vivienda
para detectar la presencia de pintura a base de plomo y los resultados hayan indicado
que no contiene dicha pintura.
Enfatice que existe la posibilidad de que las viviendas anteriores a 1950 tengan
pintura a base de plomo en el exterior y en el interior. Despues de 1950 y hasta 1978
hubo una disminucion en el uso de pintura a base de plomo en el interior de las
viviendas; sin embargo, es probable que este tipo de pintura este presente en el
exterior. La pintura a base de plomo del exterior de las viviendas puede provocar la
contamination del suelo con plomo, lo que abre la posibilidad que la tierra y el polvo
contaminado con plomo alrededor del hogar haya ingresado en la vivienda. Ademas,
los ninos suelen jugar en la tierra cercana al hogar y, por ende, estan expuestos a un
suelo, tierra y polvo contaminados con plomo. A partir de 1979, es poco probable
encontrar pintura a base plomo en el interior o en el exterior de las viviendas.
3-3
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Diapositivas 3-3
i,Que tan comun es el uso de pinturas
a base de plomo en viviendas?
Afio en que se construyo
la casa
Antes de 1940
1940 a 1959
1960 a 1978
Todas las viviendas
Porcentaje de casas con
pintura a base de plomo
86 por ciento
66 por ciento
25 por ciento
35 por ciento
&EPA
Fuente de datos en la tabla anterior: American Healthy Homes Survey: Draft Final Report for Peer Review: Lead
and Arsenic Findings, October 7, 2008 (Encuesta sobre hogares saludables en los Estados Unidos: Informe final
preliminar para revision por parte de colegas: Hallazgos de plomo y arsenico, 7 octubre de 2008).
Viviendas construidas en 1978 y anteriormente
Aproximadamente 34 millones de unidades de vivienda construidas antes de 1978 contienen pintura que coincide
con la definicion federal de "pintura a base de plomo" (Fuente: American Healthy Homes Survey: Draft Final Report
for Peer Review: Lead and Arsenic Findings, October 7, 2008 [Encuesta sobre hogares saludables en los Estados
Unidos: Informe final preliminar para revision por parte de colegas: Hallazgos de plomo y arsenico, 7 octubre de
2008]).
La regla RRP de la EPA supone que toda vivienda construida antes de 1978 contiene pintura a base de plomo,
salvo que la vivienda haya sido sometida a pruebas para detectar la presencia de pintura a base de plomo y los
resultados hayan indicado que no contiene dicha pintura.
Los componentes con mayor tendencia a ser revestidos con pintura a base de plomo incluyen las ventanas y
puertas (interiores y exteriores), asf como tambien, las paredes exteriores y los porches.
Viviendas construidas antes de 1960
Es mas probable que las viviendas construidas antes de 1960 contengan pintura a base de plomo, a diferencia de
aquellas construidas despues de dicho afio; del mismo modo, es mas probable que las primeras tengan superficies
de pintura deteriorada debido al paso del tiempo. Ademas, las concentraciones de plomo en la pintura eran mas
altas antes de la decada de 1950, cuando las empresas de pinturas comenzaron a usar menos plomo en la pintura
que fabricaban.
Considere lo siguiente:
El 86% de las viviendas construidas antes de 1940 contienen pintura a base de plomo, al menos en una
superficie.
El 66% de las viviendas construidas desde 1940 hasta 1959 contienen pintura a base de plomo, al menos en
una superficie.
Nota: La determinacion de la antiguedad de una propiedad puede requerircierta investigacion. En muchas
localidades, si el propietario desconoce o no tiene acceso a los registros, podra acceder a la informacion de la
propiedad a partir de los registros fiscales y judiciales que se conservan en la oficina del asesor fiscal en la
comunidad o condado donde se ubica la propiedad. Si desconoce la antiguedad de la construccion, suponga que se
edifice antes de 1978.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 3-4: Como determinar si hay pintura a base de plomo
Repase la diapositiva y comente los tres metodos para probar la pintura.
Enfatice las ventajas y desventajas de cada tipo de prueba.
Enfatice que los renovadores certificados solo deben utilizar kits de pruebas que esten
reconocidos por la EPA.
Para comentar: ^Cuando deben realizarse pruebas? (Tenga en cuenta que es posible
que no haya conclusiones satisfactorias para todos los casos).
La regla RRP no especifica un tiempo determinado para realizar pruebas a las
pinturas, pero se debe hacer antes de tomar cualquier decision respecto de no utilizar
practicas seguras de trabajo con el plomo.
Llevar a cabo pruebas antes de realizar una oferta permitira que la oferta de licitacion
incluya todos los costos y la informacion necesaria para establecer un precio
completo, pero requiere tener acceso a las superficies que se renovaran y un acuerdo
que permita un muestreo invasive. Esto aumenta el costo de la preparation de la
propuesta.
Llevar a cabo pruebas despues de que se adjudica el contrato no proporciona la
informacion necesaria para realizar la oferta de licitacion y puede traer como
consecuencias un cambio en los precios y la cancelacion del contrato, pero resuelve el
problema de acceso.
3-4
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Diapositivas 3-4
Co mo determinar si hay pintura a
base de plomo
Las pruebas de pinturas se deben realizar antes de la renovacion
en todas las superficies afectadas por el trabajo o debe suponer
que la pintura es a base de plomo. Todas las pruebas deben ser
realizadas por profesionales calificados adecuados.
Tipos de pruebas de pinturas para renovaciones
Kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
Instrumentos fluorescentes de rayos X
(superficie por superficie)
Muestreo de cascaras de pintura y pruebas de
laboratorio
iQuien puede realizar las pruebas?
Renovadores certificados
Inspectores de pintura a base de plomo
certificados o evaluadores de riesgos de
pintura a base de plomo certificados
Inspectores de pintura a base de plomo
certificados o evaluadores de riesgos de
pintura a base de plomo certificados
&EPA
Pruebas limitadas o superficie por superficie: La pintura a base de plomo solo se puede identificar mediante
pruebas de pintura. La evaluacion superficie por superficie en las areas pintadas (una inspeccion de plomo) y el
muestreo de cascaras de pintura debe realizarlo un inspector de plomo certificado o un evaluador de riesgos de
plomo certificado. Si las pruebas de pintura se realizan mediante inspeccion o pruebas limitadas, los resultados de
las pruebas solo se aplican al trabajo en el caso de que las superficies cubiertas por la renovacion esten
consideradas en el informe de pruebas. Un propietario puede proporcionar un informe de un inspector o evaluador
de riesgos de plomo certificado que pruebe que no hay pintura a base de plomo, en lugarde realizar pruebas en las
superficies afectadas. Si no se dispone de resultados de pruebas, realice una prueba o suponga que hay pintura a
base de plomo.
Kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA: Visite el sitio Web de la EPA en www.epa.gov/lead para obtener mas
informacion sobre los kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA y como utilizarlos. Actualmente, la EPA revisa los kits
de pruebas de alta precision que pueden salir a la venta. Todos los kits de pruebas que actualmente se encuentran
en el mercado son pruebas colorimetricas para plomo, es decir, cambian de color ante la presencia de este ultimo.
Las distintas sustancias qufmicas de los kits de pruebas producen diferentes colores ante la presencia de plomo. Se
deben probar todas las capas de pintura al usar los kits de pruebas. Asegurese de seguir las instrucciones del
fabricante al utilizer este metodo de prueba. Si no se produce un cambio de color en la pelfcula de pintura que se
probo, no. hay pintura a base de plomo y no se requieren las practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo en dicha
superficie. El muestreo del kit de pruebas es invasive y dafia cada superficie que se somete a prueba. Entre los tipos
de kits comunes se encuentran:
Los kits de pruebas a base de rodizonato, que producen un color rosado a rojo cuando se detecta la presencia
de plomo. Esta prueba no se puede realizar en pinturas de colores como rojos, anaranjados o rosados, debido a
que dificultan la visualizacion de cualquier cambio de color. No se deben usar kits de pruebas a base de
rodizonato para probar la pintura en muros secos o superficies de yeso; y,
kits de pruebas a base de sulfuro que producen un color gris oscuro a negro cuando se detecta la presencia de
plomo. Las pinturas de colores oscuros, como azules verdosos oscuros, en especial los negros, dificultan la
visualizacion de cualquier cambio de color. No se deben usar kits de pruebas a base de sulfuro para probar la
pintura en superficies metalicas.
Pruebas fluorescentes de rayos X: Se requiere un instrumento especial y un inspector de plomo certificado o un
evaluador de riesgos de plomo certificado y especialmente capacitado. El instrumento realize las pruebas mediante
un bombardeo con radiacion gamma sobre la pelfcula de pintura, lo que provoca que el plomo presente en esta
ultima emita rayos X que se pueden captar mediante un sensor incluido en el instrumento. La cantidad de plomo
presente en la pintura esta relacionada directamente con los rayos X captados por el sensor. Un programa
computacional incorporado en el instrumento calcula cuanto plomo hay en la pelfcula de pintura. Este metodo de
pruebas no es invasive y es el que mas se usa.
Recoqida de cascaras de pintura para analisis de laboratorio: Las pruebas mediante cascaras de pintura
requieren un muestreo invasive. Se quitan todas las capas de pintura de la superficie que se esta probando. Esta
muestra se envfa a un laboratorio reconocido por la EPA, donde se analiza a fin de determinar la cantidad de plomo
presente. Solo inspectores de plomo o evaluadores de riesgo de plomo certificados pueden recoger las cascaras de
pintura. Los cobros de laboratorio se realizan a partir del tiempo de respuesta, y por lo general los resultados tardan
entre uno y dos dfas. El muestreo invasive hace que sea necesario reparar las superficies sometidas a prueba.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 3-5: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA para verificar
la presencia de pintura a base de plomo
Utilice esta diapositiva para analizar como los renovadores certificados pueden
verificar la presencia de pintura a base de plomo con los kits de pruebas reconocidos
por la EPA. En el caso que no pueda o no este autorizado para realizar pruebas en
superficies que se vayan a alterar, el renovador debe utilizar datos de inspecciones
previas, si se encuentran disponibles, o suponer que si hay presencia de pintura a
base de plomo.
Revise el sitio Web de la EPA periodicamente para obtener information actualizada
acerca de los kits de pruebas y una lista de los que son reconocidos por la EPA (visite
www.epa.gov/lead y busque lo siguiente: EPA-Recognized Test Kit) (Kit de pruebas
reconocido por la EPA).
Demostracion: El instructor demuestra el uso de un kit de pruebas aprobado para
verificar la presencia de plomo en una superficie cubierta con pintura a base de plomo.
Tenga en cuenta que existen dos tipos de kits de pruebas muy comunes que utilizan
sustancias que muestran distintos colores cuando se detecta la presencia de plomo.
Demuestre un ejemplo con cada uno de estos kits de pruebas e indique el tipo de
sustancia (rodizonato y sulfuro).
Nota: Algunos reglamentos estatales y locales pueden prohibir que los renovadores
certificados realicen pruebas con pintura. En estos estados y localidades, suponga que si
hay pintura a base de plomo o comuniquese con personas que posean la certification
apropiada para que realicen las pruebas.
3-5
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Diapositivas 3-5
Uso de los kits de pruebas reconocidos
por la EPA para verificar la presencia de
pintura a base de plomo
Kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA:
Hasta el 1/SEP/10, la EPA solo exigira el uso de los kits de
pruebas que verifiquen la ausencia de pintura a base de
plomo.
Despues del 1/SEP/10, los kits de pruebas deben tener la
capacidad de determinar si existe o no pintura a base de
plomo presente.
Envie lo antes posible al cliente el informe de resultados de las
pruebas en las que se uso un kit de pruebas reconocido por la
EPA, pero en un plazo que no sea superior a 30 dias despues de
la finalizacion de la renovacion.
6EPA I
Si se usan kits de pruebas, debe ser uno que este reconocido por la EPA.
Hasta el 1 de septiembre de 2010, la EPA solo exigira el uso de kits de pruebas que determinen que no hay
pintura en base a plomo presente en las superficies inspeccionadas. Si no hay cambio de color, no se
requieren practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo. Si se produce un cambio de color, el cambio no significa
con seguridad que la pintura a base de plomo este presente. Sin embargo, aun se debe suponerque la
superficie este revestida con pintura a base de plomo.
Para contar con el reconocimiento de la EPA despues del 1 de septiembre de 2010, el kit de pruebas debe ser
capaz de identificar la pintura a base de plomo. Para entonces, un resultado positive significara que hay
pintura a base de plomo presente en el revestimiento y que se deben seguir las practices de trabajo seguras
con el plomo cuando se altere la superficie. Un resultado negative en la prueba significa que no se necesitan
las practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo.
Si el kit de pruebas da un resultado positive en cualquiera de las superficies inspeccionadas, se deben utilizer
las practices de trebejo segures con el plomo. Un inspector de plomo certificedo o un eveluedor de riesgos
pueden Never a cebo el muestreo pere determiner si hey presente pinture a base de plomo o no.
Si se usen kits de pruebes, los renovedores certificedos deben utilizer los que esten reconocidos por le EPA
pere someter a pruebe les superficies efectedes. Los kits de pruebes reconocidos por le EPA se incluiren en
une liste en el sitio Web de le EPAvvww.epe.gov.
<;,Que se debe someter a prueba?
Se debe someter e pruebe cede componente de le construccion que se ve e renover o que se elterere debido
a \a renovecion, selvo que el componente see perte de un sisteme mes grende y que represente el sisteme en
su conjunto. En este ceso, un solo componente puede representer el sisteme mes grende. Por ejemplo, une
huelle puede representer todo el sisteme de esceleres, en el ceso de que el historiel de pinture de estos see
similer. Si los historieles de pinture son simileres y les huelles sometides a pruebe muestren resultedos
negetivos con relecion e le pinture e bese de plomo, entonces no se eplice le regie RRP el sisteme de
esceleres.
Informes
Cuendo se usen kits de pruebes reconocidos por le EPA, los renovedores certificedos deben proporcioner un
informe el cliente en un plezo de 30 dies despues de finelizer renovecion. El informe que se entrege el
propieterio debe incluir le feche de les pruebes, le identificecion o informecion de contecto de le emprese
certificede y del renovedor certificedo que reelizen les pruebes, el nombre del febricente del kit de pruebes, le
identificecion del kit de pruebes, les ubiceciones de les superficies sometides e pruebe, les descripciones de
estes ultimes y los resultedos de les pruebes.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 3-6: Ejercicio practice del kit de pruebas
Lea esta diapositiva y repase las notas del instructor que estan en el conjunto de
destrezas N° 1 y realice el ejercicio practice.
3-6
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Diapositivas 3-6
Ejercicio practice del kit de
pruebas
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio
practice es ensenar a los renovadores
certificados como usar correctamente los kits
de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA, a fin de
determinarsi hay pintura a base de plomo
presente en los componentes y las superficies
afectadas por el trabajo de renovacion.
&EPA
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
Tiempo: 15 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Kits de pruebasKits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA con instrucciones del fabricante
Articulos especfficos del juego, segun lo requieran las instrucciones del fabricante
Cubierta de plastico desechable de 2' por 2'
Cinta (conducto, pintores y protection)
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Cubrezapatos desechables
El fabricante proporciono tarjetas de verification de pruebas con capas de pintura a
base de plomo
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Bolsas de basura de alta resistencia
Superficie de madera pintada sin capa de pintura a base de plomo
Formulario de documentation del kit de pruebaskits de pruebas
Registro de progreso del asistente
Pluma o lapiz
Camara digital (optional)
Tarjetas de fndice numeradas (optional)
Aspiradora con accesorios aprobada por EPA (para limpiar despues del muestreo)
Nota para el instructor: Se sugiere encarecidamente que los instructores preparen bolsas
plasticas que contengan todos los materiales necesarios para los ejercicios practices, antes
del ejercicio, a fin de cumplir con los limites de tiempo asignados al conjunto de destrezas
N° 1.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es ensenar a los alumnos a usar
correctamente los kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA para determinar si hay presencia de
pintura a base de plomo en los componentes y superficies afectadas por el trabajo de
renovation.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos y recuerdeles que
deben documentar todas las areas donde el color de la pintura o las reacciones de
sustratos puedan causar un resultado incorrecto. Estas superficies no deben probarse con
kits de pruebas, deben sersometidas a pruebas por inspectores certificados o evaluadores
de riesgos certificados; o bien, debe darse por hecho que contienen pintura a base de
plomo.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe mostrar y explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen
en el uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA. La demostracion no debe durar
mas de 5 minutos, incluido el tiempo necesario para repartir los materiales.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Permita a los alumnos practicar los ocho pasos de la siguiente
pagina. Observe que cada alumno siga los pasos. Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias a
medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se necesita mas practica. Esto no debe tomar
mas de 10 minutos. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y luego que este haya podido usar un juego
de prueba correctamente, el instructor debe escribir la palabra "Competente" en el campo de
registro de avance del participante que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 1 y al nombre
del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
Iof4
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Lea las instrucciones del fabricante
Paso 2: Escriba la information y las observaciones necesarias acerca de la ubicacion de la
prueba en el formulario de documentation del kits de pruebas*
Paso 3: (Optional) Fije una pequena cubierta de plastico desechable (de 2 x 2 pies) sobre el
piso debajo de la ubicacion de la prueba con cinta de protection.
Paso 4: Coloquese guantes desechables que no sean de latex y cubrezapatos.
Paso 5: Siga las instrucciones del fabricante para el uso del kits de pruebas para llevar a
cabo la prueba.* Realice una prueba de la tarjeta de prueba entregada por el
fabricante, para observar un resultado positive; Neve a cabo una prueba de superficie
de madera pintada con una capa de pintura que no sea a base de plomo para
observar un resultado negative.*
Paso 6: Use una toalla de limpieza humeda para eliminar los residues qufmicos que queden
sobre la superficie sometida a prueba. Use una segunda toalla de limpieza humeda
para eliminar cualquier escombro o polvo visible sobre el piso debajo del area de
recopilacion de muestras y coloque la toalla de limpieza utilizada para limpiar dentro
de la bolsa de basura.*
Paso 7: Verifique la documentation para finalizar y tome nota de los resultados de la prueba
en el formulario de documentation del kits de pruebas*
Paso 8: (Optional) Numere la ubicacion de la prueba en secuencia en el formulario de
documentation del kits de pruebas, luego seleccione la tarjeta de fndice numerada
correspondiente y peguela a un costado de la ubicacion de prueba con cinta de
protection y tome una fotograffa de la ubicacion de prueba numerada, a fin de
documentar fotograficamente la realization y posiblemente el resultado de la prueba.
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de
"Competente".
Interpretacion de los resultados del muestreo del kit de pruebas:
Las instrucciones del fabricante senalaran el cambio de color del indicador fijado para el plomo
en la pintura. Una vez realizada la prueba, tome nota del resultado y consulte la gufa del
fabricante para interpretarlo. Todas las superficies pintadas que muestren el cambio de color
indicado por el fabricante para plomo en la pintura (un resultado de prueba positive) deben
tratarse come pintura a base de plomo hasta que un inspector de plomo certificado o un
evaluador de riesgos de plomo certificado efectuen pruebas adicionales para probar lo
contrario.
Documentacion de los resultados de los kits de pruebas:
Se debe enviar un informe con las averiguaciones hechas a partir del uso del kit de pruebas a
la persona que contrata el trabajo en un plazo de 30 dfas posteriores a la finalizacion del
trabajo de renovation. La empresa certificada debe conservar el Formulario de documentation
del kit de pruebas durante 3 anos despues de finalizado el trabajo.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
2 of 4
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Formulario de documentacion del kit de pruebas Pagina 1 de
Informacion del propietario
Nombre del propietario u ocupante:
Direccion:
Ciudad: Estado:
Numero de contacto: ( )
Informacion de la renovacion
Complete la siguiente informacion que
empresa y el renovador certificado.
Direccion de la renovacion:
unidad
Ciudad: Estado:
Nombre de la empresa certificada:
Direccion:
Ciudad: Estado:
Numero de contacto: ( )
Correo electronico:
Nombre del renovador certificado:
Codiqo postal:
Correo electronico:
este disponible acerca de la obra de renovacion, la
N°de
Codiqo postal:
Codiqo postal:
Fecha de certification: / /
Informacion de kit de pruebas
Use los siguientes espacios en bianco para identificar el kit de pruebas o los kits de
pruebas utilizados para probar componentes.
Kit de pruebas N° 1
Fabricante: Fecha de fabricacion: / /
Modelo: N° de serie:
Fecha de vencimiento:
Kit de pruebas N° 2
Fabricante: Fecha de fabricacion: / /
Modelo: N° de serie:
Fecha de vencimiento:
Kit de pruebas N° 3
Fabricante: Fecha de fabricacion: / /
Modelo: N° de serie:
Fecha de vencimiento:
Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
3 of 4
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Formulario de documentacion del kit de pruebas Pagina de
Direction de la renovation:
Ciudad: Estado: Codiqo postal:
N° de unidad
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Description de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Description de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Description de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Description de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Description de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Description de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Description de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
4 of 4
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 3-7: Uso de cuadros logicos para decidir
Lea esta diapositiva y repase los diagramas de flujo de las paginas siguientes.
Enfatice que siguiendo estos diagramas de flujo se pueden determinar los requisites
reglamentarios que se aplican a su trabajo.
Repase como funcionan los diagramas de flujo, de acuerdo con las notas de los
alumnos.
Asegurese de que los alumnos tambien entiendan en que parte del apendice 2
pueden encontrar los cuadros logicos para determinar si una vivienda recibe
asistencia federal.
Repase los siguientes ejemplos para practicar los cuadros logicos de los diagramas
de flujo. Lea a los alumnos cada ejemplo y gufelos a traves de los cuadros logicos de
los diagramas de flujo. Repase al menos dos de los tres ejemplos con los alumnos.
1. 18 Cherry Tree Lane, Everytown, EE.UU. Esta vivienda de la epoca victoriana
recibe US$6000 cada ano como asistencia de alquiler de parte del programa de
cupones de la Section 8 del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo. Se raspara
el lado exterior de esta casa y se volvera a pintar.
Nota: Comenzara con el diagrama de flujo 1, luego la orientation del
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo, luego los diagramas de flujo 2, 3, 4 y,
finalmente, el diagrama de flujo 8.
2. 4 Autumn Maple St, Alltown, EE.UU. Se reemplazaran todas las ventanas de esta
casa estilo hacienda, del ano 1976. Esta vivienda esta habitada por sus
propietarios, quienes desean encontrar una manera de evitar el uso de las
practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo. Se detecta la presencia de pintura a
base de plomo en todas las ventanas. El propietario de 70 anos no tiene hijos ,
pero cuida a sus nietos en la casa despues de la escuela, hasta que sus padres
regresan del trabajo (aproximadamente 2.5 horas al dfa).
Nota: Utilizara los diagramas de flujo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7 y 8. Asegurese de senalar
que el trabajo afecta a las areas inter/ores y exteriores de la vivienda.
3-7
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Diapositivas 3-7
Uso de cuadros logicos para decidir
Al usar las siguientes paginas, practicara el uso de
los cuadros logicos para decidir, que se encuentran
en la Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades
pequehas para renovar correctamente.
Los cuadros logicos para decidir le ayudaran al
momento de tomar las decisiones relacionadas con la
aplicacion de la regla RRP de la EPA en su trabajo.
Determine si la propiedad recibe ayuda federal y si
ese es el caso, establezca los proximos pasos a
seguir.
&EPA
La informacion que se presenta en los diagramas de flujo de la Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades
pequenas para renovar correctamente tiene el proposito de ayudarle a comprender que requisites de la regla RRP
se aplican a la renovacion que se realizara y si la regla de HUD tambien se aplica al proyecto o no. Encontrara los
diagramas de flujo de la Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades pequenas para renovar correctamente en las
siguientes paginas en este modulo. Para obtener una copia completa de la Guia de cumplimiento destinada a
entidades pequenas para renovar correctamente, consulte el Apendice 4.
Los diagramas de flujo de la Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades pequenas para renovar correctamente le
brindan una pauta paso a paso mediante un arbol de decisiones, que le plantea una serie de preguntas de respuesta
afirmativas o negativas. Para usar los diagramas de flujo, comience por la parte superior del diagramas de flujo 1 y
planteese cada pregunta. Siga las flechas de las respuestas afirmativas o negativas hacia el siguiente cuadro de
pregunta que corresponda. En algun momento llegara a una flecha con instrucciones que indican continuar en otro
diagrama de flujo. Siga la indicacion a cualquier diagramas de flujo al que la ruta lo conduzca y omita los que no
corresponden. Siempre que un cuadro de texto le indique que hacer, tome nota de aquello para elaborar una lista de
medidas que se deben tomar para el cumplimiento de la regla RRP.
El Apendice 2 proporciona un resumen de los requisites del HUD que se aplican al trabajo realizado en viviendas
que reciben asistencia federal. La informacion que se encuentra en el Apendice 2 brinda ayuda para determiner si la
propiedad recibe o no asistencia federal para la vivienda y cuales son los requisites si la recibiera. Si la propiedad se
construyo antes de 1978 y recibe asistencia federal para la vivienda, se aplican tanto la regla sobre viviendas sin
plomo del HUD como la regla RRP de la EPA a su trabajo de renovacion.
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Vistazo general de la regla del programa de plomo de la EPA
DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 1: ^Son apIicables los requisites a la renovacion?
Si va a recibir dinero por realizar trabajo que altere superficies pintadas en una vivienda, edificio de aparta-
mentos o centra ocupado por nifios construidos antes de 1978, responda a las preguntas a continuacion
para determinar si el programa de la EPA sobre el plomo le exige que distribuya el folleto sobre el plomo y/o si
necesitara cumplir con los requisites de capacitacion, acreditacion y normas laborales cuando realice el trabajo.
^Recibe la propiedad
asistencia federal?
Se aplican requisites
adicionales del HUD.
Vea el Apendice 2.
<-,Requiere el trabajo realizar actividades que alteren superficies
pintadas en una vivienda o centra ocupado por nifios construido
antes de 1978?
^Existe ALGUNA de estas condiciones?
El trabajo es un proyecto de reduccion del plomo.
El trabajo consiste solamente en reparaciones o mantenimiento
menores que alteran un area inferior a 6 pies cuadrados de
superficies pintadas por cuarto para actividades interiores o menos
de 20 pies cuadrados de superficies pintadas para actividades
al exterior. Note: esto no incluye la sustitucion de ventanas, la
demolicion o proyectos que conlleven normas prohibidas.
Se ha determinado que la vivienda no tiene pintura a base
de plomo. Esta determinacion fue realizada por un inspector
o asesor de riesgo acreditados, o un renovador acreditado,
utilizando un kit de pruebas reconocido por la EPA, ha
determinado que los componentes que se estan renovando
no tienen pintura a base de plomo.
La vivienda es un edificio de unidades sin dormitorios
(apartamentos "estudio", residencias estudiantiles, etc.).
La vivienda es para personas de edad avanzada o
discapacitadas y nifios menores de 6 afios no viven alii y
ni se espera que vivan alii.
Los requisites
del Programa
de Pintura,
Renovacion y
Reparacion de
Pintura a base de
Plomo no
son aplicables.
oEs el proyecto una renovacion de emergencia?
Se consideran como renovaciones de emergencia:
1. Actividades que no fueron planificadas pero que si no se realizan
inmediatamente presentan un riesgo de seguridad o pueden
causar un dafio significativo para el equipo y/o la propiedad.
O
2. Se han realizado controles temporales como respuesta a un
nivel de plomo elevado en la sangre en un nifio residente.
Necesitara proporcionar el folleto sobre el plomo. Ver el
Diagrama 2 para informacion sobre requisites especificos.
Los requisites del
programa de educacion
anterior a la renovacion
no son aplicables.
Ver el Diagrama 3
para determinar que
requisites especfficos
de capacitacion de
renovacion y normas
laborales son
aplicables al trabajo.
Cuadro de logica de decisiones - Diagrama de flujo 1 - despues de la pagina 3-7
Pagina 1 de 8
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 2: ^Como cumplo con los requisites de
educacion anteriores a la renovacion?
Los requisites de distribucion de materiales educativos anteriores a la renovacion varfan segun el lugar de
la renovacion. Seleccione el lugar a continuacion que mejor describe la ubicacion de su producto, y siga el
procedimiento aplicable a la derecha.
Renovaciones
en unidades de
vivienda ocupadas
por los propietarios
Renovaciones
en unidades de
vivienda ocupadas
por inquilinos
Renovaciones
en areas comunes
de unidades de
vivienda
multifamiliares
Renovaciones en
Centres ocupados
por ninos
Entregue el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario antes de comenzar
la renovacion y obtenga confirmacion de que lo ha recibido.
O
Envfe el folleto al propietario por correo 7 dfas antes de comenzar la
renovacion y guarde el certificado de envfo por correo.
Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario empleando
cualquiera de los procedimientos indicados en la casilla en la
parte superior de esta pagina.
Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al inquilino por
cualquiera de estos dos metodos:
(a) Entregue el folleto en la unidad de vivienda antes de
comenzar la renovacion y documente la entrega con una
confirmacion de recibo del folleto o una autocertificacion
de entrega.
(b) Envfe el folleto por correo al inquilino por lo menos 7 dfas
antes del comienzo de la renovacion y guarde el certificado
de envfo por correo.
Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario empleando
cualquiera de los procedimientos indicados en la casilla en la
parte superior de esta pagina.
Notifique a los inquilinos y ponga el folleto a su disposicion,
o coloque rotulos que describan la renovacion. Los rotulos
deben incluir el folleto o informacion sobre como examinar
una copia.
Mantenga documentacion escrita que describe los
procedimientos de notificacion.
Proporcione avisos adicionales de renovacion si se producen
cambios de lugar, tiempo o ambito de la renovacion.
1 . Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario del edificio
empleando:
(a)
El procedimiento indicado en la casilla en la parte superior
de esta pagina.
O
(b) Si el centra ocupado por ninos no es el propietario del
edificio, proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo por uno de
estos metodos:
(i) Obtenga un acuse de recibo por escrito de que un
representante adulto recibio el folleto; o certifique por
escrito que se entrego un folleto.
O
(ii) Obtenga un certificado de envfo por correo al menos 7 dfas
antes de la renovacion.
2. Proporcione a los padres o tutores legales de los ninos que
utilicen el centra informacion por uno de estos metodos:
(a) Envfe por correo o entregue a mano el folleto sobre el
plomo e informacion sobre la renovacion a cada uno de los
padres o tutores legales.
(b) Coloque rotulos que describan la renovacion. Los rotulos
deben incluir el folleto o informacion sobre como examinar
una copia del mismo.
Verel
Diagrama 3
para
informacion
sobre los
requisites
especificos de
capacitacion
y normas
laborales para
el trabajo.
Pagina 2 de 8
Cuadro de logica de decisiones - Diagrama de flujo 2 - despues de la pagina 3-7
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 3: ^Son apIicables la capacitacion y normas laborables
de renovacion?
iHa obtenido la empresa una declaracion firmada del propietario
que indique que:
1. La renovacion tendra lugar en la residencia del propietario;
2. No reside ningun nifio menor de 6 afios en ese lugar;
3. No reside ninguna mujer embarazada alii;
4. La vivienda no es un centra ocupado por nifios; Y
5. El propietario reconoce que la empresa de renovaciones no
tendra que emplear las normas laborales contenidas en la
regulacion.
iSe trata el proyecto de una renovacion de emergencia?
^Incluye el proyecto controles temporales realizados como
respuesta a un nivel de plomo en la sangre elevado en un nifio
residente del edificio?
Los proyectos de emergencia quedan exentos de los requisites
de rotulos de advertencia, contencion, tratamiento de desechos,
capacitacion y acreditacion en la medida necesaria para respond-
er a la emergencia. Las renovaciones de emergencia NO estan
exentas de los requisites de limpieza y verificacion de limpieza.
Vea el Diagrama 5 para informacion sobre los requisites de limp-
ieza y verificacion de limpieza en interiores, y el Diagrama 8 para
los requisites de limpieza y verificacion de limpieza en espacios
exteriores.
Los requisites de
capacitacion y
normas laborales
no son aplicables.
Pase al
Diagrama 4 para
ver los requisites
de normas laborales
Cuadro de logica de decisiones - Diagrama de flujo 3 - despues de la pagina 3-7
Pagina 3 de 8
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 4: Requisites de normas laborales
Generales
(A) Las renovaciones deben ser realizadas por empresas acreditadas que emplean a renovadores
acreditados.
(B) Las empresas deben colocar rotulos que definan claramente el area de trabajo y adviertan a los
ocupantes y a otras personas que no esten participapando en las actividades de renovacion a
permanecer fuera del area de trabajo. Estos rotulos deben estar en el idioma de los ocupantes.
(C) Antes de la renovacion, la empresa debe contener el area de trabajo para que no escape polvo
ni desechos durante la renovacion.
(D) Quedan prohibidas las siguientes normas laborales durante el proceso de renovacion:
1. Quemar pintura a base de plomo a fuego abierto o con soplete;
2. Usar maquinas que eliminen la pintura a base de plomo por medio de operacion a alta
velocidad, como de lijado, molido, limado electrico, pistola de agujas, limpieza abrasiva
o de lija, a menos que se utilicen con un control de escape HEPA; y
3. Operar una pistola de calor en pintura a base de plomo a temperaturas de 1100 grades
Fahrenheit o superiores.
(E) Desechos de las renovaciones:
1. Los desechos de las actividades de renovacion deben estar contenidos para evitar que escape
polvo y restos antes de que se retiren del area de trabajo para almacenamiento o desecho.
2. Al finalizar cada Jornada laboral y al terminar la renovacion, deben guardarse los desechos
recogidos para evitar el acceso a los mismos y que suelten polvo y restos.
3. Los desechos transportados de actividades de renovacion deben estar contenidos para que
no suelten polvo y restos.
Proyectos
de renovacion
interior. Ver el
Diagrama 5.
Proyectos
de renovacion
exterior. Ver el
Diagrama 8.
Pagina 4 de 8
Cuadro de logica de decisiones - Diagrama de flujo 4 - despues de la pagina 3-7
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 5: Requisites de normas laborales especfficos para
renovaciones en interiores
La empresa debe:
(A) Retirar todos los objetos del area de trabajo o cubrirlos con pliegos de plastico, sellando todas
las juntas y bordes.
(B) Cerrar y cubrir todos los tubos abiertos en el area de trabajo con pliegos de plastico sellados
con cinta adhesiva.
(C) Cerrar las ventanas y puertas en el area de trabajo. Las puertas deben estar cubiertas
con pliegos de plastico.
(D) Cubrir la superficie del piso en el area de trabajo con pliegos de plastico sellados con cinta
adhesiva, como minimo seis pies mas alia del perimetro de las superficies que se estan
renovando o una distancia suficiente para contener el polvo, lo que sea mayor.
(E) Ejercer precauciones para garantizar que todo el personal, herramientas y otros articulos,
incluidas las partes exteriores de los contenedores de desechos, carezcan de polvo y restos
cuando salgan del area de trabajo.
(F) Una vez completada la renovacion, la empresa debe limpiar el area de trabajo hasta que
no quede polvo, restos o residues. La empresa debe:
1. Recoger toda la pintura y restos y sellarlos en una bolsa resistente.
2. Retirar y deshacerse de los plasticos protectores como si fuesen desechos.
3. Limpiar todos los objetos y superficies en el area de trabajo y dentro de dos pies de la
misma de la siguiente manera:
a. Limpiar las paredes comenzando por el techo y terminando en el piso, aspirandolas con
un aspirador HEPA o limpiandolas con un pafio humedo.
b. Aspirar bien todas las superficies y objetos que hayan permanecido en el area de
trabajo, incluyendo los muebles y las lamparas, con un aspirador HEPA.
c. Limpiar todas las superficies y objetos que hayan permanecido en el area de
trabajo, salvo las alfombras o tapicerfas, con un pano humedo. Lave los pisos que no
tengan alfombras empleando un metodo de lavado que mantenga el agua sucia
separada del agua de enjuagar, o usando un sistema de trapeo mojado.
Se requiere verificar la limpieza para garantizar que el area de trabajo
quede debidamente limpia y este lista para volver a ser ocupada.
Ver el Diagrama 6 para instrucciones sobre como realizar la
verificacion de limpieza para proyectos de interiores.
Cuadro de logica de decisiones - Diagrama de flujo 5 - despues de la pagina 3-7 Pagina 5 de 8
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 6: Verificacion de limpieza de interiores:
inspeccion visual y pruebas opcionales de aprobacion
El renovador acreditado debe realizar una inspeccion. ^Hay polvo,
residues o restos?
Debe volver a
limpiarseelareay
realizarse otra
inspeccion.
<-,Requiere el contrato, u otra regulacion federal, estatal, territorial,
tribal o local, pruebas de limpieza al finalizar la renovacion?
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 7: Verificacion de limpieza de interiores: pisos,
mostradores y repisas de ventanas
Nota: para areas superiores a 40 pies cuadrados, divida el area en secciones y utilice un pafio nuevo
desechable para limpiar cada seccion.
El renovador acreditado debe limpiar todos los pisos sin alfom-
bras, mostradores y repisas de ventanas en el area de trabajo con
un pano de limpiar humedo y desechable. ^Esta el pano utilizado
para el area mas oscuro que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza?
Vuelva a limpiar las areas que no pasaron la inspeccion emple-
ando los procedimientos del Diagrama 5 y luego utilice un nuevo
pano de limpieza desechable humedo para esas areas otra vez.
iEsta el pano utilizado para el area mas oscuro que la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza?
Espere a que seque por completo el area o a que transcurra 1
hora, lo que tarde mas. Una vez que haya secado, limpie el area
con un pano desechable seco.
Se ha limpiado
correctamente el
area de trabajo
y pueden
retirarse los
rotulos de
advertencia.
iHa terminado!
Cuadro de logica de decisiones - Diagrama de flujo 7 - despues de la pagina 3-7
Pagina 7 de 8
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DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO 8: Requisites de normas laborales especfficos para
renovaciones en exteriores
La empresa debe:
(A) Cerrar todas las puertas y ventanas a una distancia inferior a 20 pies de la renovacion.
(B) Garantizar que las puertas en el area de trabajo que vayan a utilizarse cuando se realice el
trabajo esten cubiertas con pliegues de plastico de forma que los frabajadores puedan
pasar pero confengan el polvo y los resfos.
(C) Cubrir el suelo con pliegues de plastico u ofro maferial impermeable desechable extendiendose
como minimo 10 pies mas alia del perimetro o la disfancia suficienfe para recoger los resfos
de pinfura que caigan, lo que suponga mayor disfancia.
(D) En sifuaciones en las que las areas de frabajo se encuenfren muy cerca de ofros edificios,
en climas venfosos, etc., la empresa de renovacion debe ejercer precaucion adicional para
contener el area de trabajo, como por ejemplo, la contencion vertical.
(E) Una vez completada la renovacion, la empresa debe limpiar el area de trabajo hasta que
queden polvo, restos o residues. La empresa debe:
1. Recoger toda la pintura y restos y sellarlos en una bolsa resistente.
2. Retirar y deshacerse de los plasticos protectores como si fuesen desechos.
3. Los desechos transportados de actividades de renovacion deben contenerse para evitar
que se suelten polvo y restos.
Un renovador acreditado debe realizar una inspeccion visual.
^Existen polvo, restos o residues?
Deben eliminarse
estas condiciones
y realizarse otra
inspeccion visual.
Se ha limpiado el
area correctamente;
se pueden retirar
los rotulos de
advertencia.
iHa terminado!
Pagina 8 de 8
Cuadro de logica de decisiones - Diagrama de flujo 8 - despues de la pagina 3-7
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 3 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 3-8: Ahora ya saben...
Utilizar esta diapositiva para reforzar las lecciones aprendidas y abordar las preguntas
que hayan quedado pendientes.
Destacar los recursos disponibles en los apendices.
3-8
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Diapositivas 3-8
Ahora ya saben...
Que para planificaradecuadamente una
renovacion, deben:
Educar a los propietarios y residentes.
Determinar si hay pintura a base de plomo.
Determinar que requisites de las reglas de la
EPA y del HUD se aplican a sus actividades de
renovacion.
&EPA I
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Modulo 4: Contenga el Polvo Mientras
Trabaja
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Descripcion general de este modulo: La siguiente tabla resume el contenido y los
metodos de ensenanza de este modulo. Es para su propia referenda. No trate este punto
con los asistentes.
Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras trabaja
90 minutos
4-1: Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras
trabaja
4-2: ^Que es la contencion?
4-3: Mantenga el polvo dentro de la
contencion
4-4: Contencion interior: Limite el acceso y
coloque letreros
4-5: Contencion interior: Retire o cubra las
pertenencias
4-6: Contencion interior: Cubra los pisos
4-7: Contencion interior: Cierre ventanas,
puertas, sistemas de climatizacion
4-8: Contencion interior: Puerta de ingreso
al area de trabajo
4-9: Descripcion general de los pasos para
la contencion interior
4-10: Contencion exterior: Defina un area
de trabajo
4-11: Contencion exterior: Cierre ventanas
y puertas
4-12: Contencion exterior: Precauciones
adicionales
4-13: Descripcion general de los pasos
para la contencion exterior
4-14: Ejercicio practice: Contencion interior
y exterior (conjuntos de destrezas N° 2-5)
4-15: Preguntas despues del ejercicio
practice
4-16: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Mantenga el polvo en el
area de trabajo y facilite la limpieza.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas hay
un ejercicio.
Diapositivas: (45 minutos)
Ejercicio practice: Los alumnos
instalan la contencion en un area
pequena. Colocan y fijan el plastico.
El instructor demuestra como hacer
una protection plastica para puerta.
(45 minutos)
Preparation para este modulo: Prepare
materiales para un ejercicio practice e
identifique las ubicaciones apropiadas
para que los grupos trabajen. Repase
los materiales por adelantado para
familiarizarse con los conjuntos de
destrezas N° 2, 3, 4 y 5.
Materiales necesarios: Consulte la lista
de artfculos para la instalacion a fin de
saber que materiales se necesitan.
Option: El instructor puede seguir la
planificacion de clase 2 y postergar los
ejercicios practices para el final del dfa,
cuando se combinan los ejercicios
practices y se realizan todos de una
vez.
Diapositiva 4-1: Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo mientras trabaja
Objetivo del modulo: El proposito de este modulo es aprender a seguir unas simples
tecnicas de instalacion que impediran la propagation de polvo contaminado con plomo
hacia areas que no sean de trabajo, durante trabajos tanto de interiores como de
exteriores.
Este modulo abarca la lista de temas que aparece en la diapositiva. Repase esta lista
con los asistentes al curso. No se detenga por mucho tiempo en esta diapositiva: las
diapositivas del resto del modulo responderan muchas de las preguntas que pueden
surgir.
4-1
-------
Diapositivas 4-1
Modulo 4: Contenga el polvo
mientras trabaja
Descripcion general
iQue es la contencion?
Contener el polvo para actividades interiores.
Contener el polvo para actividades exteriores.
&EPA
Al finalizar este modulo podra:
Establecer sistemas de contencion que mantengan el polvo dentro del area de trabajo para permitir una limpieza
mas eficaz al final del dfa y al finalizar el trabajo;
Identificar los requisites de contencion para renovaciones internes; e
Identificar los requisites de contencion para renovaciones externas.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-2: <-,Que es la contencion?
La mejor manera de abordar esta diapositiva es mediante un formato de preguntas y
respuestas. Las diapositivas restantes del modulo identifican los equipos que se
necesitan para instalar una contencion y como hacerlo. No intente abarcar todos los
contenidos del modulo en esta diapositiva.
Preguntas para debatir en clase:
protege la contencion a los colegas y a los residentes? [Respuesta: La
contencion mantiene aislado el polvo en el area de trabajo, donde los trabajadores
que se encuentran protegidos por equipos especiales y que han sido capacitados para
utilizarlos pueden desempenar sus labores con seguridad. Ademas, mantiene a los
residentes fuera del area de trabajo hasta que se complete el trabajo y la limpieza].
logra la contencion facilitar la limpieza al terminar un trabajo? [Respuesta: Lo
hace limitando el area de limpieza aproximadamente al area de trabajo y 2 pies mas
alia de esta].
Puntos importantes:
Como se explica en las notas de los alumnos, destaque los requisites de la regla RRP
para la contencion en viviendas de interes y en instalaciones habitadas por ninos,
ademas del requisite del HUD para la contencion en propiedades construidas antes de
1978 que reciben asistencia federal para la vivienda.
Consulte las diapositivas 4-6 a 4-9 para obtener informacion adicional sobre la
instalacion de la contencion interior. Consulte las diapositivas 4-10 a 4-13 para obtener
informacion adicional sobre la instalacion de la contencion exterior.
Analice el hecho de que el area de trabajo puede ser un area pequena dentro de una
habitation que requiera solo laminas plasticas (adheridas al suelo con cinta), cinta de
barrera y letreros o; que puede ser un area que incluya un grupo de habitaciones que
se han aislado del resto de la vivienda. La escala del area de trabajo la determina la
empresa certificada, segun su experiencia y el tamano del area que se debe proteger
para evitar la propagation de polvo y escombros del area de trabajo. El area de
trabajo es el area en la que se aplica la contencion. A medida que la escala del area
de trabajo aumenta, puede incluir ventanas, puertas y sistemas de climatizacion. Se
deben cerrar todas las ventanas afectadas; se deben cerrar y sellar todas las puertas
afectadas y se deben sellar todos los sistemas de climatizacion afectados.
Mencione que las alfombras del area de trabajo se deben cubrir con laminas plasticas.
Ademas, explique que utilizar un trozo de lamina de plastico desechable como
cubierta en el area de trabajo es de gran ayuda para realizar una limpieza al final del
dfa y durante la limpieza final. Incentive el uso de cubiertas de plastico desechables,
pero haga hincapie en que se deben eliminar como desechos, de acuerdo con la regla
RRP. Muestre a los estudiantes como aplicar cubiertas de plastico desechables
durante los ejercicios practices.
4-2
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Diapositivas 4-2
es la contencion?
"Contencion" es un sistema de barreras temporales
que se usa para aislar un area de trabajo, de modo
que ni el polvo ni los escombros se escapen
mientras se realiza la renovacion.
Beneficios de la contencion:
Protege a los residentes y a los trabajadores.
Evita la propagacion de polvo al resto de la vivienda,
construccion o propiedades vecinas.
Facilita la limpieza al termino del trabajo.
La contencion es obligatoria.
&ERA
iQue es la contencion?
En general, existen muchos grades de contencion, que van desde la simple colocacion de laminas
plasticas sobre el piso que rodea una pequena area de trabajo hasta un espacio completamente
cerrado. Algunos tipos de contencion son mas eficaces que otros.
Para esta capacitacion, "contencion" es una practica que la regla RRP determina como obligatoria
para evitar que el polvo y los escombros se propaguen mas alia del area de trabajo.
La contencion del area de trabajo incluye lo siguiente:
Retire de objetos y muebles del area de trabajo o cubrimiento con laminas plasticas.
Cubrimiento de los pisos (o el suelo) con laminas plasticas en un mmimo de 6 pies (10 pies para el
trabajo exterior) mas alia de las superficies que se renueven, reparen o pinten.
Cierre y uso de laminas plasticas para sellartodas las ventanas, puertas y conductos de aire en el
area de trabajo.
Cubrimiento de las puertas que se utilizan para ingresar en el area de trabajo con laminas plasticas
de forma que permita el ingreso de los trabajadores, pero que a la vez contenga el polvo y los
escombros dentro del area de trabajo.
La regla RRP determina que la contencion es obligatoria debido a gue:
Reduce el riesgo para usted y los residentes. Acatar los requisitos de instalacion del area de
trabajo de este modulo lo protegera a usted, a sus colegas y a los residentes mediante el
confinamiento del polvo y de los escombros que contengan plomo en un area definida y delimitada.
El confinamiento del plomo es una consideration importante para evitar la exposition. La
disminucion del riesgo para usted y sus colegas tambien depende del uso de equipos de protection
personal.
Facilita la limpieza eficiente del area de trabajo. El proceso de configuration anterior al trabajo es
esencial para mantener el polvo que contiene plomo encerrado en el area de trabajo donde puede
limpiarse facilmente. La contencion adecuada del area de trabajo ayuda a limitar la superficie que
debe limpiar despues de finalizar el trabajo. Saber exactamente donde limpiar es un factor
importante para ahorrar el tiempo (y el dinero) invertidos en la limpieza.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-3: Mantenga el polvo dentro de la contencion
Revise las notas que estan en la diapositiva.
Pida a los alumnos que mencionen ejemplos de trabajos polvorientos. Pregunteles
sobre las razones de sus ejemplos: por que cierto trabajo crea o dispersa mas polvo
que otro. Los trabajos que generan mas polvo requeriran que se cubran areas mas
grandes de piso o suelo. El analisis de este modulo sobre de la cantidad de polvo que
generan los trabajos debe derivar en que piensen en la mejor manera de disenar
contenciones que impidan la propagation del polvo (y de los escombros) del area de
trabajo a otras areas de la construction o de la propiedad.
Enfatice a los asistentes que las practicas de trabajo y los equipos que se usan en un
trabajo, al igual que el tamano del trabajo son factores que afectan la cantidad de
polvo que se genera y, por ende, el tamano y la ubicacion de la contencion. Por
ejemplo, el lijado manual energico puede crear suficiente polvo como para dispersarlo
a mas de 6 pies de la superficie de trabajo.
Enfatice que reducir la generation de polvo a traves de la modification de practicas
del trabajo y la planificacion de la contencion ayudan a controlar el polvo que producen
las actividades de renovacion.
4-3
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Diapositivas 4-3
Mantenga el polvo dentro de la
contencion
Considere cuanto polvo generara la renovacion.
El diseno de la contencion es una funcion de las
practicas laborales que deben usarse y la cantidad
de polvo calculada que se va a generar durante la
renovacion.
Planifique el tamano y la configuracion de la
contencion para mantener el polvo generado dentro
de esta.
Listed es responsable de asegurarse de que el polvo
no saiga fuera de la contencion.
&EPA IHI
Si no planifica ni contiene el area de trabajo correctamente, el polvo y los escombros creados por la
renovacion pueden propagarse mas alia del area contenida mfnima que exige la regla RRP. Esto signifies que:
Para ubicaciones interiores, el polvo se puede dispersar a mas de 6 pies de la superficie que se esta renovando;
o bien
Para ubicaciones exteriores, el polvo se puede dispersar a mas de 10 pies de la superficie que se esta
renovando.
El control del polvo y los escombros puede requerir una contencion mas extensa que la especificada en la regla si el
trabajo es especialmente polvoriento. Planifique segun corresponda.
En general, las renovaciones que implican solo pequefias alteraciones de la pintura crean menos polvo que los
trabajos que incluyen areas mas grandes de alteracion. Sin embargo, ademas del tamano del area donde se alterara
la pintura, las practicas de trabajo (por ejemplo, lijado) y los equipos utilizados tambien afectaran la cantidad de
polvo generado y la forma en la que este se disperse. La ubicacion de la actividad de trabajo tambien tiene relacion
con la cantidad de polvo que se distribuye. Por ejemplo, las areas pequefias de trabajo en techo pueden propagar
polvo sobre toda la habitacion y son muy diffciles de controlar.
La contencion que se requiere es similar para todos los trabajos, pero los que generan mas polvo y escombros
pueden necesitar una proteccion de areas mas amplia. Aun cuando la regla no exiqe la contencion vertical, dichos
sistemas pueden ser utiles para limitar el tamano del area afectada por el trabajo y pueden reducir la superficie que
se debe limpiar al termino del trabajo. Los sistemas de contencion predisefiados (comprados y hechos en casa) son
muy utiles para reducir el tiempo que se emplea erigiendo contenciones y son mas faciles de instalar que la
colocacion de laminas plasticas con cinta adhesive. Estos sistemas tambien permiten que el contratista cree un
espacio sellado dentro de una habitacion donde el polvo puede contenerse completamente al interior de un area
limitada y controlada.
Ejemplos de trabajos polvorientos:
Raspado manual de areas grandes.
Eliminacion de pintura con una pistola de calentamiento de baja temperatura y un raspador.
Eliminacion de residues y pintura secos despues de utilizer decapantes qufmicos.
Demolicion de superficies pintadas.
Retirada de componentes de la construccion con superficies pintadas que estan en malas condiciones.
Recuerde, usted es responsable de asegurarse de que el polvo y los escombros permanezcan dentro del
area de trabajo contenida. Cuando planifique la contencion, tenga en presente cuanto y donde las practicas
de trabajo que va a utilizar crearan polvo; luego, planifique segun corresponda.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-4: Contencion interior: Limite el acceso y coloque letreros
Repase la information de la diapositiva y de las notas de los alumnos.
4-4
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Diapositivas 4-4
Contencion interior: Limite el
acceso y coloque letreros
PRECAUCION
TRABAIODE RENOVACION
NO INGRESE AL AREA DE TRABAJO
AMENDS OUETENGA
AUTORIZACION
PROHIBIDO FUMAR, COMER 0
BEBER
Notifique a los residentes que
permanezcan lejos del area de
trabajo.
No permita a residentes ni
mascotas cerca del area de trabajo.
No permita comer, beber ni fumar
en el area de trabajo.
Coloque letreros de advertencia.
&EPA
Restrinja el acceso al area de trabajo y notifique a los residentes que permanezcan lejos mientras se realice
el trabajo.
La restriccion de acceso al area de trabajo protegera a los residentes, especialmente a nifios y mujeres
embarazadas, de la exposicion innecesaria a polvo con plomo y minimizara la propagacion de este ultimo a las
areas colindantes.
Antes de comenzar, notifique a los residentes que no ingresen en el area de trabajo y que permanezcan lejos de
las inmediaciones de la entrada a esta tanto como sea posible. Los residentes y las mascotas que entren y
salgan pueden transporter facilmente polvo contaminado con plomo a areas colindantes detoda la vivienda. Es
probable que las areas que no sean de trabajo no se limpien de inmediato ni de manera apropiada.
Restringir la exposicion es especialmente importante para los nifios menores de 6 afios y para las mujeres
embarazadas. Asegurese de explicar a los residentes que la restriccion de areas es por su propio bien y que los
nifios pequefios y las embarazadas corren mayor riesgo de tener problemas de salud surgidos a partir de la
exposicion al plomo.
Debe proporcionar indicaciones sobre cuanto tiempo trabajara en un area en particular, de modo que los
residentes puedan planificar con anticipacion como sacar del area de trabajo los elementos que posiblemente
necesiten, antes de que usted comience a trabajar.
No permita comer, beber ni fumar en el area de trabajo.
Esto es principalmente para la proteccion de los trabajadores, pero tambien es importante si hay residentes que
viven cerca del area de trabajo. Coloque letreros que prohfban comer, beber y fumar en el area de trabajo. El
polvo en el aire puede caer sobre comidas o ser inhalado al fumar. Si coloca alimentos sobre una superficie
contaminada con polvo, estos pueden recoger facilmente el polvo contaminado con plomo, que se ingerira al
consumir los alimentos.
Coloque letreros de advertencia.
Antes de comenzar la renovacion, coloque letreros en el idioma materno de los residentes para advertirles a ellos
y a otras personas que participen en las actividades de renovacion que permanezcan fuera del area de trabajo.
Los letreros deben permanecer en lugares visibles y ser legibles hasta la finalizacion de la renovacion y durante
la verificacion de limpieza posterior a la renovacion.
Se debe colocar un letrero de advertencia: en cada entrada a un area de trabajo; o bien, en cada acceso
principal y secundario a una construccion donde sus ocupantes hayan sido reubicados; o bien, para trabajos
exteriores, donde sea facil de leer a 20 pies (6 metres) del borde de la obra.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-5: Contencion interior: Retire o cubra las pertenencias
Destaque la conveniencia de retirar los muebles y otros objetos del area de trabajo,
cuando sea posible. Vale la pena cubrirlos para evitar que les caiga polvo, ya que es
muy diffcil limpiar estos objetos una vez que se ensucian, a pesar de que se aumente
la carga de trabajo del proyecto. Tenga en cuenta que cuando se cubren los objetos,
sus bordes y juntas se deben sellar con cinta u otro metodo.
Describa la ilustracion. Indique como los accesorios y muebles que estan a la vista
estan cubiertos y que los otros objetos (que no estan a la vista) se han retirado.
Distribuya trozos de laminas de plastico a los alumnos para permitirles tener una
notion del material con el que trabajaran.
Tal vez sea util conocer nombres de ferreterfas y proveedores locales que vendan
laminas protectoras y los precios habituales por pie o por otros tamanos y los tipos
comunes.
4-5
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Diapositivas 4-5
Contencion interior: Retire o cubra
las pertenencias
Retire las pertenencias.
Cubra los obietos inmoviles
con laminas protectoras,
como por ejemplo:
Muebles;
Alfombras y
Lam paras.
Selle los hordes v las
juntas.
&EPA *
Donde sea posible, retire las pertenencias y los muebles del area de trabajo.
Se recomienda retirartodos los objetos del area de trabajo, incluidos muebles, alfombras y cortinas. La retirada
de estos elementos es la mejor opcion para protegerlos contra la contaminacion y reducir el tiempo (y costo) de
la limpieza posterior a la renovacion.
Si no puede retirarse del area de trabajo, cubralo.
Cubra todos los objetos que no se retiraron del area de trabajo con laminas protectoras. Selle las juntas y
bordes con cinta adhesive. Cubra completamente todos los accesorios de iluminacion inmoviles, muebles,
alfombras y otros elementos personales con laminas protectoras.
Fije las laminas protectoras al piso con cinta adhesive, de modo que el polvo no pueda entrar en los elementos
cubiertos.
En muchos trabajos de remodelaciones es comun el uso de laminas protectoras, como por ejemplo laminas
plasticas desechables de alta resistencia. Se pueden comprar laminas protectoras en la mayorfa de las
ferreterfas.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-6: Contencion interior: Cubra los pisos
Destaque la importancia de cubrir los pisos para limpiar con mayor facilidad el polvo y
los escombros.
Enfatice que esta actividad es similar a la practica actual de cubrir los pisos con una
cubierta, pero en su lugar utilizaran laminas plasticas protectoras.
Los pisos deben cubrirse al menos 6 pies mas alia de las superficies que seran
alteradas. Esta distancia puede aumentar si es necesario para contener el polvo.
Destaque la importancia de usar una almohadilla adhesiva, quitarse los cubrezapatos
(a veces llamados "botines"), limpiarse los zapatos o ubicar laminas de plastico en
areas de transito comun, para evitar que el polvo con plomo se traslade a otras areas
de la construccion. Es muy comun encontrar altas concentraciones de polvo
contaminado con plomo en el camino del area de trabajo hacia el bano.
Una almohadilla adhesiva desechable funciona como una tira matamoscas. Es una
tela o un papel pegajoso que elimina el polvo o los escombros de los zapatos del
trabajador cuando camina sobre ella. Las almohadillas adhesivas desechables estan
disponibles en catalogos de productos para la construccion y en muchas ferreterfas.
Tal vez sea util conocer nombres de ferreterfas y proveedores locales que vendan
almohadillas adhesivas, panos y cubrezapatos y los precios habituales de cada uno.
Si es posible, Neve muestras de estos elementos para que los alumnos puedan
conocerlos.
Indique a los asistentes la importancia de limpiarse los zapatos cada vez que salen de
las laminas plasticas. Si es posible, demuestre el uso de almohadillas adhesivas
desechables.
4-6
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Diapositivas 4-6
Contencion interior: Cubra los pisos
Se requiere:
Cubrirtodo el piso del area de trabajo con
laminas plasticas.
Cubrir los pisos un minimo de 6 pies en todas las
direcciones alrededor de donde se altere la
pintura.
Se recomienda:
Extender laminas plasticas en areas de mucho
trafico.
Tomar precauciones especiales para las
alfombras.
Usar almohadilla adhesiva desechable al borde
de la lamina protectora.
Si usa decapantes quimicos, agregue una
segunda capa plastica.
&EPA
Cubra los pisos
Use laminas protectoras para cubrirtodo el piso del area de trabajo, incluida la alfombra instalada. La lamina
protectora debe extenderse un mfnimo de 6 pies a la izquierda, a la derecha y hacia adelante, y en algunos
casos, hacia atras del area donde se realizara el trabajo. Debe asegurarse firmemente al zocalo o piso con cinta
adhesiva para conductos (si corresponde), para pintores o de proteccion. El borde de la esquina de la lamina
protectora debe reforzarse con cinta adhesiva para conductos o grapas.
Tome precauciones especiales con las alfombras del area de trabajo. Las alfombras son un medio importante
de acumulacion de polvo y es muy diffcil extraer este ultimo cuando se han contaminado. Cuando el area de
trabajo incluye alfombras, debe cubrir todas las areas alfombradas con al menos una capa de lamina plastica
sellada.
Considere cubrir los zapatos con cubiertas extrafbles, limpiar el calzado en su parte superior y en la suela con
una toalla de papel humeda cada vez que pise la lamina o usar una almohadilla adhesiva desechable que
elimine el polvo de las suelas de los zapatos. Coloque de inmediato las toallas de papel usadas en un recipiente
para basura con tapa. Puede encontrar almohadillas adhesivas en las ferreterfas o comprarlas a traves de un
catalogo de artfculos. Una almohadilla adhesiva es una lamina sobre la cual puede caminar para retirar el polvo
de las suelas de los zapatos. La almohadilla adhesiva desechable puede pegarse con cinta a un extreme
exterior de la lamina. Reemplace la almohadilla adhesiva todos los dfas.
Tal vez vea que es util usar aspiradoras HEPA para limpiar zapatos y ropa y asf controlar el polvo que el
personal de trabajo puede transporter al salir del area. Esto se llama "descontaminacion seca" y da buenos
resultados.
En el caso de uso de decapantes quimicos debe usarse una segunda capa de laminas protectoras. Esta
segunda capa debe adherirse con cinta a la superficie de la primera capa. Coloque la segunda capa
inmediatamente debajo del area de trabajo. Esta capa capturara salpicaduras y desperdicios y permitira que el
desorden creado por los decapantes quimicos se limpie de inmediato despues del uso.
Use precauciones para asegurarse de que todo el personal, herramientas y otros elementos, incluidos los
exteriores de los contenedores de residues esten libres de polvo y escombros antes de retirarlos del area de
trabajo. Para dicha limpieza es util tener un contenedor de toallitas humedas.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-7: Contencion interior: Cierre ventanas, puertas, sistemas de
climatizacion
Cierre y selle los sistemas de climatizacion (HVAC, por sus siglas en ingles) para
impedir que el polvo saiga del area de trabajo. Esto es particularmente importante
para los conductos de retorno (toma de aire), debido a que es muy sencillo que estos
propaguen la contamination a otras areas.
Dependiendo del trabajo que se esta realizando y lo que se necesita para tener
acceso al area de trabajo y para manipular los desechos de la construction, cierre y
selle todas las puertas y ventanas del area de trabajo. Si se dejan abiertas puertas y
ventanas, la corriente de aire puede atravesar el area de trabajo y otras areas que no
sean de trabajo. Debido a que las partfculas de polvo son muy pequenas, pueden
propagarse facilmente a otras areas de la vivienda. Mientras menos aire circule a
traves del area de trabajo, menor sera la posibilidad de que polvo contaminado con
plomo saiga del area de trabajo.
4-7
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Diapositivas 4-7
Contencion interior: Cierre ventanas,
puertas, sistemas de climatizacion
Dependiendo del trabajo a realizar:
Cierre todas las ventanas del area de trabajo.
Cierre y selle todas las puertas del area de trabajo.
Cierre y selle todos los sistemas de climatizacion del
area de trabajo.
Apague la unidad de climatizacion (recomendado).
&EPA
Cierre las ventanas
Cierre todas las ventanas del area de trabajo.
Cuando Neve a cabo reemplazos de ventanas desde el interior, considere sujetar laminas plasticas al exterior de
la ventana para evitar la propagacion de polvo y escombros al suelo y a otras superficies que se encuentren
debajo de la ventana. Si el reemplazo de ventanas afecta las superficies interiores y exteriores, entonces instale
la contencion para ambas areas de trabajo.
Para trabajos polvorientos, se recomienda encarecidamente sellar las ventanas del area de trabajo con laminas
protectoras para evitar que el polvo ingrese a traves del antepecho, dificultando la limpieza.
Cuando selle ventanas, corte la capa de la lamina plastica ligeramente mas larga que la ventana que desea
cubrir.
Pegue la lamina plastica con cinta adhesive sobre la ventana para sellarla por complete.
Asegurese de que la cinta o la lamina no cubra parte del area en la cual este trabajando.
Cierre y selle las puertas
Cierre todas las puertas, incluidas las de los armarios y gabinetes del area de trabajo y cubralas con laminas
plasticas.
Las puertas que se utilizan como entrada al area de trabajo deben cubrirse con laminas plasticas u otro material
impermeable, de forma que permita a los trabajadores pasar a traves de ellas y dejar el polvo y los escombros
en el area de trabajo.
Como alternative a la colocacion de plasticos, las puertas pueden cerrarse y sellarse con cinta de pintores.
Cierre y selle los sistemas de climatizacion
Los sistemas de climatizacion (HVAC, por sus siglas en ingles) distribuyen aire a traves de la construccion y
tambien pueden transporter polvo a otras habitaciones. Si es posible, apague el sistema HVAC para el area de
trabajo. Cierre el suministro HVAC y conductos de retorno en el area de trabajo y cubralos con laminas plasticas
para impedir que el aire circule y vuele el polvo del area de trabajo contenida y para evitar que este ingrese al
sistema HVAC.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-8: Contencion interior: Puerta de ingreso al area de trabajo
Pregunte a los asistentes: ^Alguna vez ha limitado el acceso a su area de trabajo?
Si la respuesta es si, ^como lo ha hecho? ^Los resultados fueron satisfactorios?
habria hecho de manera distinta?
Pregunte a los asistentes: ^Puede pensar en otras maneras de limitar el acceso al
area de trabajo?
Asegurese de destacar todos los puntos de estas dos diapositivas en caso de que el
analisis de los alumnos no las haya abordado todas.
4-8
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Diapositivas 4-8
Contencion interior: Puerta de
ingreso al area de trabajo
Cubra las puertas de
ingreso al area de
trabajo con dos
capas de laminas
protectoras.
wEPA
Puede colocar una barrera ffsica, como un cono o una cinta de advertencia, fuera de la entrada para recorder
a los residentes que se mantengan alejados del area de trabajo, especialmente en construcciones donde
viven varias familias. La doble capa de plestico en la puerta de ingreso y otras barreras sirven para recordar a
los residentes que personas y mascotas no deben ingresar al area de trabajo y ademas indican que el area
aun no ha sido limpiada.
Cuando los Ifmites del area de trabajo incluyan la puerta utilizada para acceder a la misma, cubra la puerta
con dos capas de laminas protectoras como se describe a continuacion.
Instale una barrera de entrada de dos capas con protecciones que se cierren en el ingreso al area de trabajo,
de modo que los trabajadores puedan pasar a traves de la misma, pero que el polvo y los escombros se
mantengan en el area de trabajo. Cubrir la puerta con este sistema de dos capas ayudara a contener el polvo
dentro del area de trabajo. Siga los pasos que se indican a continuacion.
1. Corte la primera capa de lamina de proteccion un poco mas ancha y larga (tres pulgadas) que el marco
de la puerta.
2. Haga un pequefio pliegue en forma de "S" en la parte superior de la lamina y peguelo con cinta
adhesive a la parte superior del marco de la puerta. Haga un pliegue similar en forma de "S" en la parte
inferior de la lamina y peguelo al piso con cinta adhesive. Esto garantizara que el plastico no quede
tirante.
3. Fije los extremes superiores al marco de la puerta como refuerzo.
4. Para entrar y salir de la habitacion, pegue con cinta adhesive una Ifnee verticel de le elture de un
hombre desde el piso heste le cebeze en embos costedos del plestico. Corte une rendije verticel lerge
en le cinte, a le mited de le lemine protectore. Deje eproximedemente 6 pulgedes en le perte superior e
inferior sin corter. Refuerce le perte superior e inferior de le rendije con cinte edhesive pere eviter que
el plestico se resgue.
5. Aplique cinte edhesive a le segunde cepe de le lemine protectore en le perte superior del merco de le
puerte. Este cepe se corte un poco mes corte que el merco de le puerte, de modo que cuelgue plene
centre le primere lemine de plestico.
6. Aplique cinte y esegure e los extremes superiores de le segunde cepe del merco de le puerte y e le
primere cepe. Deje que cuelgue sobre le primere cepe. Aplfquele peso a le perte inferior de le
proteccion con une espige pere mentenerle en su luger. Si es neceserio, puede egregerse otre
proteccion con espige el otro ledo de le puerte pere proporcioner une tercere cepe de lemine plestice.
Consulte el Apendice 5 Pasos para la renovation, reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO
para obtener mas informacion acerca de como instalar el sistema de dos capas.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-9: Descripcion general de los pasos para la contencion interior
Utilice esta diapositiva para repasar los cuatro pasos anteriores. No detalle los pasos
por ahora. Esto pretende reforzar los cuatro pasos para la contencion interior, de
modo que los asistentes tengan una estructura para organizar la information.
4-9
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Diapositivas 4-9
Descripcion general de los pasos
para la contencion interior
El objetivo de estas practicas de contencion interior es
evitar que el polvo y los escombros se escapen del area
de trabajo.
Limite el acceso y coloque letreros.
Retire las pertenencias (preferiblemente) o cubralas.
Cubra los pisos.
Cierre y selle ventanas, puertas y el sistema de climatizacion.
Construya una puerta de ingreso al area de trabajo.
&EPA
La regla RRP: Requisites generales para la contencion interior:
Letreros instalados: Deben instalarse en todos los costados del area de trabajo para definir esta ultima, deben
estaren el idioma principal de los ocupantes, deben publicarse antes del comienzo de la renovacion y
permanecer hasta finalizada la verificacion de limpieza.
Contener el area de trabaio: Antes de la renovacion, aisle el area de trabajo para impedir que se escape el
polvo. Durante el trabajo, mantenga la integridad de la contencion y asegurese de que esta no interfiera con la
salida de ocupantes y trabajadores desde el hogar o area de trabajo.
Retirar o cubrir muebles u obietos: Retire (preferiblemente) los objetos como muebles, alfombras, cortinas o
cubralas con laminas plasticas con todas las juntas y bordes sellados con cinta adhesive.
Cubrir los pisos: Cubra los pisos y las alfombras del area de trabajo con laminas plasticas selladas con cintas
adhesivas u otro material impermeable 6 pies mas alia del perfmetro de las superficies que se someten a
renovacion o a una distancia suficiente como para contener el polvo, la distancia que sea mayor.
Cerrar y sellar puertas de acceso y ventanas: Cierre y selle las puertas de acceso al area de trabajo con laminas
plasticas u otros materiales impermeables. Las puertas que se usen como ingreso al area de trabajo deben
cubrirse con laminas plasticas que permitan a los trabajadores pasar a traves de las mismas y confinar el polvo
en el area de trabajo.
Cubrir las aberturas de conductos: Cierre y cubra todas los conductos HVAC del area de trabajo con laminas
plasticas selladas con cintas adhesivas u otro material impermeable (por ejemplo, cubiertas magneticas).
Retirar el polvo v los escombros de todo lo que saiga del area de trabaio: Use precauciones para garantizar que
todo el personal, herramientas y otros elementos no tengan polvo ni escombros antes de retirarlos del area de
trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-10: Contencion exterior: Defina un area de trabajo
Repase la importancia de proteger el suelo y los jardines del polvo contaminado con
plomo. Es comun que algunas personas cultiven tomates en sus propias huertas. Las
plantas de tomate concentran en su fruto los metales pesados que encuentran en el
suelo. El plomo es un metal pesado.
Se hace necesaria la longitud adicional de las laminas protectoras que exige la regla,
debido a que los vientos exteriores pueden propagar el polvo a grandes distancias.
Las laminas protectoras se pueden adherir con cinta a la vivienda o se puede envolver
un trozo de madera de 1.5 x 3.5 pulgadas ("2x4") en lamina protectora para ubicarlo
cerca de la vivienda, en caso de que la cinta no logre adherirla. Para evitar que los
bordes sueltos de las laminas se sacudan o se levanten, se pueden utilizar piedras,
rocas u otros objetos pesados.
Los caballetes, las cintas y los conos anaranjados sirven de recordatorio para que los
residentes y transeuntes se mantengan alejados del area de trabajo.
Se deben retirar de las areas exteriores todos los juguetes y pertenencias, como parte
de la instalacion previa al trabajo.
Tenga en cuenta que ubicar una escalera de mano sobre las laminas de plastico
puede crear un peligro de cafda. Este peligro se puede evitar ubicando un trozo de
madera acontrachapada entre la escalera y las laminas. En algunos casos, debe
considerar la posibilidad de que alguien sostenga la escalera desde abajo.
Evite ocultar los peligros de cafdas con plastico.
4-10
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Diapositivas 4-10
Contencion exterior: Defina un
area de trabajo
Cubra el piso con laminas
protectoras.
Si el espaclo lo permits,
extiendase un minlmo de 10 pies
alrededor del area de trabajo.
Ponga atencion especial y cubra
todas las huertas y areas de
juego de nifios cercanas.
Limite el acceso, coloque
letreros.
Establezca un perimetro de 20
pies alrededor del area de trabajo
si hay espaclo suflclente.
Cubra el piso con laminas protectoras
Si hay espacio suficiente, extienda una lamina protectora sobre el piso debajo del area de trabajo hasta al
menos 10 pies de distancia de la vivienda. Esto crea un area de trabajo visible y ayuda a recorder a los
residentes y transeuntes que no deben ingresar en el area de trabajo a menos que tengan una necesidad
imperiosa. Extienda aun mas el area de trabajo si es necesario para recoger polvo y escombros; por ejemplo,
cuando se altera la pintura del segundo piso de un edificio. Nota: Las laminas protectoras negras y
transparentes pueden acabar con la vida de las plantas debido al calentamiento excesivo. Considere el uso de
laminas plasticas de color bianco en su lugar.
Recuerde que los ninos generalmente juegan en la tierra y que pueden llevarse las manos a la boca mientras lo
hacen. La tierra, el polvo o los escombros en las manos llegaran a la boca y podran ingerirse.
Retire los juguetes y otros elementos del area de trabajo y cubra todas las areas de juego incluidas las
areas de arena para jugar. Proteja los elementos que no pueden trasladarse con laminas plasticas.
Engrape o selle con cinta adhesiva la lamina protectora a la pared de la construccion o use una envoltura
de un listen de 2x4 en la lamina protectora para contener el material cerca a la pared. Use objetos pesados (por
ejemplo, piedras) para cargar los demas bordes de la lamina protectora, de modo de que el viento no la
levante.
Cuando use escaleras sobre la lamina plastica considere colocar una pieza resistente de madera
contrachapada sobre el plastico y luego instale la escalera sobre la madera contrachapada. Esto evitara que la
escalera perfore el plastico y proporcionara una superficie estable para la misma. Si usa madera contrachapada,
tenga cuidado especial de fijarla al piso, de modo que no se mueva. Para ello, ffjela con estacas y
posteriormente selle los orificios del plastico con cinta para conductos.
Limite el acceso a las areas de trabajo
Limite el acceso al area de trabajo con conos anaranjados o caballetes y cinta de advertencia alrededor de un
perimetro de 20 pies del area de trabajo. Tambien puede usar cuerdas con letreros a intervales regulares en
lugar de cinta de barrera. Esto ayudara a disuadir a los residentes y transeuntes de entrar al area de trabajo.
Mantenga a las mascotas fuera del area de trabajo.
Limpieza diaria del area de trabajo exterior
Limpiar el area de trabajo exterior es crucial para evitar la propagacion de polvo y escombros. Recoger todos los
escombros producidos a lo largo del dfa y el uso de cubiertas de laminas plasticas puede facilitar la limpieza.
Tenga en cuenta que las cubiertas plasticas no ocupan el lugar de las laminas protectoras sobre el suelo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-11: Contencion exterior: Cierre ventanas y puertas
Describa la ilustracion. Destaque la importancia de cerrar las puertas y ventanas para
evitar que el polvo ingrese en la construction. Cierre todas las ventanas y puertas en
un radio de 20 pies alrededor de la renovacion.
4-11
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Diapositivas 4-11
Contencion exterior: Cierre ventanas
y puertas
Cierre todas las puertas
y ventanas cercanas que
se encuentren a 20 pies
del area de trabajo.
Use dos capas de
laminas plasticas sobre
las puertas del area de
trabajo que se usen
durante el proceso.
&EPA
Cierre y cubra todas las ventanas y puertas cercanas.
Todas las ventanas y puertas que se encuentren a 20 pies del area de trabajo deben cerrarse para evitar que el
polvo ingrese en la vivienda. Los renovadores tienen la obligacion de mantener el polvo y los escombros de la
renovacion contenidos en el area de trabajo dentro de los Ifmites de la propiedad en la que trabajan. Si las
ventanas y puertas de los apartamentos o condominios estan a 20 pies como maximo del area de trabajo,
piense en pedir a los propietarios o residentes de aquellas unidades cierren las ventanas y puertas afectadas, a
fin de cumplir con la regla RRP. Si esta no es una opcion viable, deben considerarse otros metodos para
restringir el polvo y los escombros al area de trabajo y a la propiedad de la obra. Estos otros metodos incluyen la
construccion de una pared de contencion vertical en la Ifnea de la propiedad.
En edificios de varies pisos, cierre todas las puertas y ventanas a 20 pies como maximo de la renovacion en el
mismo piso de esta y cierre todas las puertas y ventanas de todos los pisos que se encuentran directamente
debajo del area designada como area de trabajo.
Coloque dos capas de laminas plasticas sobre las puertas en uso de las areas de trabajo.
En el area de trabajo exterior, habra ocasiones en las que deba usarse una puerta de la casa para acceder a las
areas interiores. Cuando esto ocurra, cubra la puerta con laminas plasticas desechables u otro material
impermeable de forma que permita a los trabajadores pasar a traves de ella sin dejar de confinar el polvo y los
escombros al area de trabajo. Los pasos para colocardos capas de laminas plasticas en una puerta de ingreso
se cubren en las notas del estudiante de las paginas 4 a 8.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-12: Contencion exterior: Precauciones adicionales
Describa la ilustracion de un sistema de contention vertical.
En algunas situaciones, como durante vientos fuertes o cuando se utiliza agua a
presion cerca de otras unidades, es necesario ubicar una contention vertical para
evitar que el polvo se disperse mas alia del area de trabajo.
4-12
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Diapositivas 4-12
Contencion exterior:
Precauciones adicionales
Precauciones
adicionales para
prevenir la propagacion
de polvo.
Extender el area de
trabajo.
Contencion vertical.
Evitar trabajar en
condiciones de
exposicion al viento,
siempre que sea posible.
&EPA
., mil /
4-12
Situaciones que requieren precauciones adicionales
Algunas situaciones pueden requerir precauciones adicionales para evitar la propagacion de polvo al resto de una
propiedad o a propiedades adyacentes. Estas situaciones pueden incluir trabajo en condiciones de exposicion al
viento que puedan transporter polvo fuera del area de trabajo y a labores realizadas en niveles superiores de un
edificio durante las cuales incluso hasta pequenos vientos puedan propagar polvo mas alia de la contencion.
Extienda el area de trabajo
La solucion mas simple puede ser extender el area de piso cubierta por la lamina plastica.
Contencion vertical
Si las condiciones son de exposicion al viento, si el espacio es limitado o si hay propiedades adyacentes
relativamente cerca del area de trabajo, tal vez sea necesario construir sistemas de contencion vertical. Ejemplos de
sistemas de contencion vertical incluyen laminas plasticas adjuntas a andamios y laminas plasticas adjuntas a
tableros de madera verticales.
Evite los vientos fuertes cuando sea posible
Preste atencion a condiciones de exposicion al viento. En dfas de viento fuerte, no es recomendable realizar
actividades de generacion de polvo. La regla del HUD restringe trabajar en el exterior con vientos que sobrepasen
las 20 millas por hora. La regla RRP de la EPA no menciona velocidades de viento especfficas, pero si el viento es lo
suficientemente fuerte como para levantar polvo y escombros, debe tomar precauciones especiales para mantener el
area de trabajo contenida. Aquello puede significar crear una pantalla de plastico para el viento al borde del plastico
que cubre el suelo para mantener el polvo y los escombros contenidos. Tampoco se incluyen de manera especffica
indicaciones acerca de realizar una limpieza de areas de trabajo exteriores con mayor frecuencia, pero la limpieza
habitual ayudara al renovador a cumplir con los requisites para contener el area de trabajo y evitar que el polvo y los
escombros se salgan de esta ultima. En ultima instancia, usted es responsable de evitar que el polvo y los
escombros salgan del area de trabajo, por lo tanto, tome las precauciones adecuadas para evitar que eso ocurra
cuando el viento sea un factor.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-13: Descripcion general de los pasos para la contencion
exterior
Utilice esta diapositiva para destacar las tres practicas de instalacion. No detalle en los
pasos por ahora.
4-13
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Diapositivas 4-13
Descripcion general de los pasos
para la contencion exterior
Defina un area de trabajo.
Cierre todas las ventanas y puertas.
Defina, segun sea necesario, una contencion
adicional para evitar la propagacion de polvo
y escombros a las propiedades adyacentes.
&EPA
La regla RRP: Requisites generales para la contencion exterior:
Letreros instalados: Deben instalarse en todos los costados del area de trabajo para definir esta ultima, deben
estaren el idioma principal de los ocupantes, deben publicarse antes del comienzo de la renovacion y
permanecer hasta finalizada la verificacion de limpieza.
Contener el area de trabajo: Antes de la renovacion, aisle el area de trabajo para impedir que se escape el
polvo. Durante el trabajo, mantenga la integridad de la contencion y asegurese de que esta no interfiera con la
salida de ocupantes y trabajadores desde el edificio o area de trabajo.
Cerrar puertas y ventanas: Cierre todas las puertas y ventanas a 20 pies como maximo del area de trabajo. Para
edificios de varies pisos, cierre todas las ventanas y puertas del mismo piso a 20 pies como maximo del area de
trabajo y todas las ventanas de todos los pisos de abajo que esten a la misma distancia horizontal de la
renovacion.
Puertas que se usan como inqreso al area de trabaio: Cubra las aberturas de puertas de ingreso con laminas
plasticas que permitan a los trabajadores pasar a traves de ellas sin que el polvo se escape del area de trabajo.
Cubrir el suelo: Cubra el suelo con laminas plasticas u otro material impermeable extendiendose 10 pies mas
alia del perfmetro de superficies donde se Neva a cabo la renovacion o a una distancia suficiente para contener
el polvo, lo que sea mayor, a menos que la Ifnea de propiedad impida cubrirel perfmetro de 10 pies.
Asequrarse de que el polvo y los escombros no contaminen o salqan a areas o propiedades adyacentes: En
algunas situaciones, la renovacion requerira precauciones adicionales para contener el area de trabajo exterior
para garantizar que el polvo y los escombros no contaminen otras propiedades. Ejemplos de estas situaciones
pueden incluir vientos fuertes, elementos excesivamente rociados o distancias cortas entre propiedades que
requieran contenciones verticales para mantener el polvo en el area de trabajo. La regla RRP define estandares
de rendimiento que el contratista debe satisfacer, pero no especifica como el contratista debe cumplirlos. Esto
permite que el contratista tenga flexibilidad en la forma en la que cumple con el requisite para garantizar que ni
polvo ni escombros salgan del area de trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-14: Ejercicio practice: Contencion interior y exterior
Prepare este ejercicio por adelantado:
Tenga a mano las herramientas apropiadas. Consulte los conjuntos de destrezas N° 2
al 5 del Apendice 6 para obtener information sobre los materiales y herramientas
necesarios.
Asegurese de que las areas de trabajo esten listas. El escenario ideal serfa que cada
area de trabajo exija que los asistentes muevan algunos muebles y cubran otros, que
coloquen plastico en el suelo, que hagan una entrada para el area de trabajo y que
ubiquen cinta de barrera o plastico en una puerta de ingreso. Si fuese posible, deje
instaladas estas areas de trabajo para crear ejercicios mas realistas durante las
actividades practicas que se realizan durante del dfa.
Al realizar este ejercicio:
1. Indique a los asistentes que formen grupos de 2 a 6 alumnos.
2. Asigne un area de trabajo a cada grupo.
3. Circule mientras trabajen para cerciorarse de que el trabajo se realice de manera
correcta. Consulte la lista de los conjuntos de destrezas N° 2 a 5 que deben
demostrar.
4. Indfqueles que se concentren en la tarea de alcanzar el objetivo de la
capacitacion.
5. Deles una advertencia de cinco minutos.
6. Al finalizar cada conjunto de destrezas, dfgales que se detengan. Los tiempos
para cada actividad se detallan en cada conjunto de destrezas.
7. Haga preguntas a los participantes despues de cada conjunto de destrezas (N° 2
a 5).
Opciones para el instructor: Tambien puede considerar realizar los conjuntos de
destrezas N° 2 a 5 mas adelante durante el curso, como parte de un modulo mas
grande de actividades practicas, segun lo descrito en la planificacion de clase 2 en la
Nota para los instructores acerca de como utilizareste programa en la introduction. El
modulo integral de actividades practicas combina los componentes practices de los
modules 4, 5y 6.
4-14
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Diapositivas 4-14
Ejercicios practices: Contencion
interior y exterior
Practique las siguientes destrezas:
Conjunto de destrezas N 2: Instalacion de barreras,
letreros y puertas con proteccion plastica.
Conjunto de destrezas N 3: Cubra y mueva muebles.
Conjunto de destrezas N 4: Instalacion de contencion
interior.
Conjunto de destrezas N 5: Instalacion de contencion
exterior.
Trabaje en grupos de 2 a 6 integrantes.
Elija las herramientas y materiales correctos.
&EPA
Preparacion
Este ejercicio da la oportunidad de practicar la instalacion de los letreros, barreras y contenciones del area de
trabajo. Esta diapositiva brinda una instruccion basica.
Siga las instrucciones de cada conjunto de destrezas. Es posible que su instructor le pida que
demuestre sus destrezas.
Forme grupos de 2 a 6 estudiantes.
El instructor le asignara a su grupo un area para realizar actividades de instalacion como si se tratara
de un trabajo.
Elija las herramientas correctas y configure el area de trabajo para proporcionar la contencion
apropiada.
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 2: Instalacion de barreras, letreros y puertas con proteccion plastica
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Cinta de barrera
Letreros de advertencia
Puerta que se usara en la instalacion de la entrada al area de trabajo
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Engrapadora y grapas
Mango de escoba, o espigas, o mango de metal o madera de 1" x 1" x 30"
Opcional: Tambien es posible usar sistemas de contention disenados previamente para
este ejercicio.
Nota para el instructor: Se sugiere encarecidamente que los instructores preparen bolsas
plasticas que contengan todos los materiales necesarios para la practica de destrezas,
antes del ejercicio, a fin de cumplir con los limites de tiempo asignados al conjunto de
destrezas N° 2.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para determinar donde colocar las barreras crfticas y darles la oportunidad de practicar la
colocacion de barreras e instalacion de letreros para aislar el area de trabajo del acceso a
personal no autorizado.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles que
estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 6 pie cuadrados por
habitacion de pintura a base de plomo, o cuando se vaya a reemplazar una ventana o hacer
una demolicion.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe mostrar y explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen
en el establecimiento de una barrera crftica y en la colocacion de letreros. Las barreras crfticas
son barreras de laminas plasticas que se aseguran sobre aberturas, puertas y ventanas, las
cuales deben permanecer en su lugar hasta la verification o aprobacion de limpieza, a fin de
mantener el polvo dentro del area de trabajo. A pesar de que no siempre es obligatorio, estas
pueden ayudar a controlar la propagation de polvo a otras areas de la casa. Use a los alumnos
para ayudar en el levantamiento de barreras crfticas de demostracion. Nota: Para ahorrar
tiempo, use barreras cortadas previamente para la instalacion en las puertas de ingreso. Se
pueden utilizar barreras adjuntas con velcro para demostracion y practica. Tambien es posible
usar letreros adjuntos con velcro.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: El instructor debe permitir a los alumnos que practiquen estos
pasos en la pagina siguiente, mientras se observa a cada uno realizarlos. Realice
correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se
necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a medida que
trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan
completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el
rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante,
que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 2 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 2: Instalacion de barreras, letreros y puertas con proteccion plastica
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 2: Instalacion de barreras, letreros y puertas con proteccion plastica -
continuacion
Practica de destrezas:
Paso 1: Pida a los ocupantes que abandonen la sala y permanezcan fuera del lugar donde se
realizara el trabajo.
Paso 2: Haga que permanezcan fuera hasta que finalice el procedimiento de verification de
limpieza o hasta que se reciba la aprobacion. Instale cinta de barrera para establecer
un perfmetro controlado.
Paso 3: Coloque un letrero de "No entrar" en la puerta de ingreso al area de trabajo.* Coloque
tambien un letrero que indique que no se permite comer, beber ni fumar en el area de
trabajo.*
Paso 4: Cubra la puerta de ingreso al area de trabajo con 2 capas de laminas plasticas de la
siguiente manera:*
Paso 5: Primero corte la capa de lamina plastica un poco mas ancha y larga que (cerca de 3
pulgadas mas larga) el marco de la puerta.*
Paso 6: Haga un pequeno pliegue en forma de "S" en la parte superior de la lamina plastica y
peguelo con cinta, de modo que todas las capas esten fijadas en la parte superior del
marco.* Haga un pliegue similar en forma de "S" en la parte inferior de la lamina y
peguelo con cinta, de modo que todas las capas esten fijadas al piso.* Esto
garantizara que la lamina plastica no quede tirante y permita ceder en lugar de
rasgarse cuando las personas la atraviesen. Fije ambos lados de la lamina plastica al
marco de la puerta con cinta adhesiva.
Paso 7: Engrape los extremes superiores al marco de la puerta como refuerzo.*
Paso 8: Para entrar y salir de la habitation, use cinta adhesiva para conductos para crear una
Ifnea vertical con la altura aproximada de un hombre desde el piso hasta el
travesano, en la mitad de la lamina plastica, en ambos costados.* Corte una rendija
vertical larga en la cinta para conductos; deje aproximadamente 6 pulgadas en la
parte superior e inferior sin cortar.* Refuerce la parte superior e inferior de la rendija
con cinta para conductos horizontal para evitar que la lamina se rasgue.*
Paso 9: Pegue con cinta una segunda capa de lamina plastica a la parte superior del marco
de la puerta.* Esta capa se corta un poco mas corta que el marco de la puerta, de
modo que cuelgue plana contra la primera capa de laminas plasticas.
Paso 10: Aplique peso a la parte inferior de la segunda capa; para ello, pegue con cinta
adhesiva para conductos una espiga al extremo inferior de la lamina. Esto crea una
proteccion plastica plana de sellado automatico sobre la puerta de ingreso y sella la
abertura que se corto en la lamina plastica durante el paso 8.
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 2: Instalacion de barreras, letreros y puertas con proteccion plastica
2 of 2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 3: Cubrimiento o retiro de muebles
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cinta adhesiva (para conductos, para pintores y de protection)
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para determinar cuando y como cubrir o retirar muebles y pertenencias de un area de trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles que
estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 6 pie2 (pie
cuadrado) por habitacion de pintura a base de plomo, o cuando se vaya a reemplazar una
ventana o hacer una demolicion. Recuerdeles tambien que la mejor solucion para el
problema del traslado de muebles y pertenencias es notificar a los residentes que ellos
mismos hagan el traslado antes del trabajo. Recuerdeles que es mejor retirar los muebles y
perteneciencias personates en Sugar de cubrirlas. Dele a los alumnos la oportunidad de
observar o practicar ambos metodos (cubrimiento y retiro).
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en el
cubrimiento o retiro de muebles y pertenencias del area de trabajo. Use a los alumnos para
demostrar el traslado de sillas fuera del area de trabajo. Cubra una mesa con laminas plasticas
y ffjelas con cinta adhesiva, de modo que no quede ninguna parte de la mesa al descubierto.
Comente la colocacion de otros elementos debajo de la mesa para una mayor eficacia en la
preparation del area de trabajo. La demostracion no debe durar mas de 3 minutos, incluido el
tiempo necesario para repartir los materiales.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: El instructor debe permitir a los alumnos que practiquen estos
pasos en la siguiente pagina, mientras se observa como los realizan. Realice correcciones y
haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se necesita mas practica.
Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a medida que trabajan. Los alumnos deben
completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada
alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios
del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso
del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 3 y al nombre del alumno en
particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 3: Cubrimiento o retiro de muebles
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 3: Cubrimiento o retiro de muebles - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Saque todos los muebles del area de trabajo.
Nota: Si el area de capacitacion es pequena, designe un area contra una pared para
que represente la zona "fuera del area de trabajo", donde se puedan colocar los
muebles retirados del area de trabajo. En una sala de clases, mueva las sillas y la
mayorfa de las mesas hacia el area designada y cubra las mesas.
Paso 2: Reuna a los alumnos en grupos de 2 a 6 integrantes. Cubra varias de las mesas
donde trabajan los alumnos. Esto se hace de la siguiente manera:
Paso 3: Corte un trozo de lamina plastica lo suficientemente grande como para cubrir la mesa
y superponer el piso de 3 a 6 pulgadas.*
Paso 4: Fije la lamina plastica a la mesa o al piso con cinta adhesiva.*
Paso 5: Si no es necesario trasladar la mesa durante el trabajo, la lamina plastica puede
fijarse al piso con cinta adhesiva para conductos o de protection segun sea
apropiado para la superficie.*
Paso 6: Si es necesario trasladar la mesa durante el trabajo, envuelvala con laminas plasticas
incluidas las patas y fije la lamina plastica con cinta adhesiva. Tenga cuidado al
aplicar la cinta para no danar las superficies de acabado del mueble.*
Nota: Los alumnos deben comprender que se espera que retiren o cubran todos los
elementos decorativos de ventanas, muebles y tapetes que se encuentren a 6 pies
de las superficies que se van a renovar, reparar o pintar. Es recomendable retirar los
muebles cada vez que sea posible.
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 3: Cubrimiento o retiro de muebles
2 of 2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 4: Instalacion de contencion interior
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Conos anaranjados
Cuerda o cinta de barrera (preferiblemente de color brillante)
Letreros de advertencia
Cinta metrica
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cubiertas magneticas
Almohadilla adhesiva desechable
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para cubrir pisos y cerrar y sellar puertas, ventanas y sistemas de climatizacion del area de
trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles que
estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 6 pie2 por
habitacion de pintura a base de plomo, o cuando se vaya a reemplazar una ventana o hacer
una demolicion.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en el
cubrimiento y sellado de pisos y otras superficies horizontales del area de trabajo y en el cierre
y sellado de puertas y ventanas entre el area de trabajo y zonas adyacentes. Use alumnos para
demostrar el cierre y aplicacion de cinta de proteccion a ventanas y puertas. Recuerdeles que
estan tratando de evitar que el polvo se escape del area de trabajo.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Permita que los alumnos practiquen los pasos para cubrir los
pisos, cerrar y sellar ventanas y cerrar y sellar puertas. Observe a cada alumno seguir los
pasos en la pagina siguiente. Haga correcciones y sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios
avancen y determine si se necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los
pasos a medida que trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para
ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan
completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como
"Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda al
conjunto de destrezas N° 4 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 4: Instalacion de contencion interior
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 4: Instalacion de contencion interior - continuacion
Practica de destrezas:
Paso 1: En cada puerta que no sea de ingreso al area de trabajo, coloque un cono
anaranjado, cinta de barrera y un letrero con la instruction "No entrar".*
Paso 2: Cierre todas las puertas y ventanas en el camino al area de trabajo.*
Paso 3: Aplique cinta adhesiva para pintores, de protection para conductos a las juntas
alrededor de cada marco de puerta y ventana.*
Paso 4: Corte la lamina plastica, de modo que cubra todas las superficies expuestas dentro
de 6 pies de los componentes que se veran afectados por el trabajo.*
Paso 5: Fije la lamina plastica al piso y a las paredes con cinta adhesiva.*
Paso 6: Use laminas plasticas estrechas para no pisar la alfombra o los pisos al salir
caminando del area de trabajo. Ffjelas al piso con cinta adhesiva.*
Paso 7: Cierre y cubra todas las tomas de aire acondicionado y calefaccion, con cubiertas
magneticas, cinta adhesiva o laminas plasticas y cinta adhesiva.* Ademas, si es
posible, apague el sistema de climatizacion mientras trabaja.* Las unidades de
climatizacion pueden volver a encenderse despues de la verification de la limpieza o
despues de obtener la aprobacion.
Paso 8: Organice todas las herramientas, artfculos y equipos que necesite para llevar a cabo
el trabajo de renovation, reparation o pintura sobre la lamina plastica en el area de
trabajo para no contaminarla.*
Paso 9: Ubique una almohadilla adhesiva desechable en la esquina de la lamina plastica mas
cercana a la puerta de entrada, a fin de controlar que no caiga polvo en dicha
lamina.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 4: Instalacion de contencion interior
2 of 2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 5: Instalacion de contencion exterior
Tiempo: 15 minutos
9 de febrero
Suministros necesarios:
Conos anaranjados
Cuerda o cinta de barrera (preferiblemente de color brillante) y estacas de cerca
Letreros de advertencia
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de protection)
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cinta metrica
Almohadilla adhesiva desechable
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para restringir el ingreso al area de trabajo exterior y proteger de la contamination el suelo de
debajo y alrededor del area de trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles que
estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 20 pie2 de pintura
en componentes que han sido determinados como pintura a base de plomo, o cuando se
vaya a reemplazar una ventana o hacer una demolicion.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la
restriction del acceso al area de trabajo y la contencion de polvo dentro de esta ultima. Enfatice
a los alumnos que una instalacion apropiada restringira el acceso y evitara que el polvo y los
escombros se escapen del area de trabajo.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Permita que los alumnos cubran el suelo e instalen barreras para
evitar el acceso no autorizado al area de trabajo. Observe a cada alumno seguir los pasos en la
siguiente pagina. Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen
y determine si se necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a
medida que trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado
correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como
"Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda al
conjunto de destrezas N° 5 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 5: Instalacion de contencion exterior
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 5: Instalacion de contencion exterior - continuacion
Practica de destrezas:
Paso 1: En cada puerta que no sea de ingreso de camino al area de trabajo, coloque un cono
anaranjado, cinta de barrera y un letrero con la instruction "No entrar".*
Paso 2: Cierre todas las puertas y ventanas a 20 pies como maximo del area de trabajo.*
Paso 3: Coloque laminas plasticas como cubiertas para el suelo a un mfnimo de 10 pies en
todas las direcciones desde la ubicacion real de una area de alteration de la pintura.*
Paso 4: Aplique peso a los bordes de la lamina plastica con listones de 2x4 o ladrillos o bien,
clavelos al suelo.*
Paso 5: Fije la lamina plastica al piso y a las paredes con cinta o materiales aislantes y
estacas.*
Paso 6: Coloque cercas de barrera o una cuerda alrededor del perfmetro del area de trabajo
a 20 pies desde esta ultima y en todos los costados expuestos.*
Paso 7: Establezca un punto de ingreso al area de trabajo y coloque un letrero con la
instruction "No entrar; no se permite comer, beber ni fumar".*.
Paso 8: Contenga los bordes de la lamina plastica para evitar que se escape el polvo.* Puede
contenerlos colocando una cuerda de baja altura cerca del suelo y tendiendo la
lamina plastica sobre la cuerda. Esta debe estar solo a unas pulgadas del suelo.
Tambien puede usar un listen de 2x4 estacado al suelo para elevar los bordes de la
lamina plastica en lugar del metodo de la cuerda.
Paso 9: Organice todas las herramientas, artfculos y equipos que necesite para llevar a cabo
el trabajo de renovation, reparation o pintura sobre la lamina plastica en el area de
trabajo para no contaminarla.*
Paso 10: Ubique una almohadilla adhesiva desechable en la esquina de la lamina plastica mas
cercana a la puerta de entrada, a fin de controlar que no caiga polvo en dicha
lamina.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente"
Conjunto de destrezas N° 5: Instalacion de contencion exterior
2 of 2
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-15: Preguntas sobre el ejercicio practice
Utilice esta diapositiva para hacer preguntas sobre el ejercicio.
Pregunte a los asistentes cuales fueron las dificultades para contener el area de
trabajo.
Indique a los asistentes lo que hicieron bien y donde tuvieron dificultades.
Demuestre como realizar algunos de los trabajos mas diffciles: por ejemplo, unir dos
trozos de plastico o crear un pliegue en forma de S en la puerta.
4-15
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Diapositivas 4-15
Preguntas despues del ejercicio
practice
al fue el resultado?
iQue fue lo mas complicado?
&EPA
Informe de los ejercicios practices.
Tenga en cuenta las preguntas anteriores. Comentelas como si se tratara de una clase.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 4 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 4-16: Ahora ya saben...
Utilice esta diapositiva para cerrar el modulo y realizar la transition al modulo siguiente
(Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja).
Enfatice que la contention apropiada del area de trabajo facilitara el resto del trabajo,
como lo veran en los modules 5 y 6.
4-16
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Diapositivas 4-16
Ahora ya saben...
Como realizar las instalaciones para un
trabajo
Contencion interior
Contencion exterior
&EPA
Ahora sabe como preparar un trabajo. En el siguiente modulo analizaremos la realizacion de las practicas
laborales de seguras con el plomo durante el trabajo.
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Modulo 5: Mientras Trabaja
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Descripcion general de este modulo: La siguiente tabla resume el contenido y los
metodos de ensenanza de este modulo. Es para su propia referenda. No trate este
punto con los asistentes.
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
50 minutos
5-1: Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
5-2: Las renovaciones
tradicionales crean polvo con
plomo en el aire
5-3: Practicas prohibidas
5-4: Herramientas
especializadas
5-5: Protejase
5-6: Controle la propagacion del
polvo
5-7: Limpieza mientras trabaja
5-8: Ejercicio: Equipos de
proteccion personal (conjunto de
destrezas N° 6)
5-9: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Las practicas tradicionales de renovacion
producen polvo, mientras las practicas seguras con el
plomo lo disminuyen, lo cual aumenta la seguridad de la
renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas se realiza un ejercicio
Diapositivas: (40 minutos)
Ejercicio practice: (10 minutos)
Preparation para este modulo: Prepare una lista con las
tareas que deberan realizar los asistentes y reuna los
materiales necesarios para el ejercicio practice.
Materiales necesarios: Consulte la lista de suministros para
el equipo de proteccion personal (PPE, por sus siglas en
ingles).
Opciones: Los ejercicios practices son un requisite. Sin
embargo, el instructor puede tomar la decision de realizar el
ejercicio practice de esta section como parte de un ejercicio
integral de actividades practicas (segun se muestra en la
planificacion de clase 2).
Diapositiva 5-1: Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
Este modulo presenta practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo que minimizan el
polvo, el segundo de los tres pasos mas importantes para la seguridad con el plomo.
El primer paso fue la instalacion y el tercer paso, limpieza, se abordara en el modulo
siguiente.
Este modulo abarca la lista de temas que aparece en la diapositiva. Repase esta
lista con los alumnos.
Objetivo del modulo: El proposito de este modulo es ensenar practicas de trabajo
que reducen la cantidad de polvo que se produce durante una renovacion y mostrar
como aplicarlos en el trabajo.
Mencione que primero explicara que son las practicas de trabajo que reducen el
polvo y, posteriormente, realice un ejercicio en el que los asistentes puedan pensar
como aplicar las practicas de trabajo seguras con el polvo en el trabajo.
Enfatice que las practicas de trabajo que reducen el polvo son practicas especfficas
que han demostrado disminuir la creation y propagacion del polvo con plomo.
Muchas de estas practicas no son un requisito de la regla RRP de la EPA.
Asegurese de dejar en claro que la EPA prohfbe ciertas practicas y que la empresa
certificada es responsable de garantizar que ni el polvo ni los escombros salgan de
la contention y que no contaminen areas o propiedades adyacentes. Las notas del
alumno abarcan este tema con mas detalle, y puede ser util leer el primer parrafo.
5-1
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Diapositivas 5-1
Modulo 5: Mientras trabaja
Descripcion general:
Las renovaciones tradicionales crean polvo en
el aire.
Practicas prohibidas.
Protejase y prepare una caja de herramientas
de equipos de proteccion personal.
Controle la propagacion del polvo.
Ejercicio practice (conjunto de destrezas N° 6).
&EPA UNI
Requisites en la regla RRP de la EPA:
La regla RRP prohfbe el uso de ciertas practicas. En este modulo se analizan estas practicas prohibidas.
Ademas, contiene recomendaciones sobre como reducir el polvo durante las actividades de trabajo que no
se requieren o no se incluyen de manera especffica en la regla RRP. Las practicas que decida usar en el area
de trabajo contenida no deben incluir practicas prohibidas. Salvo lo mencionado anteriormente, tiene plena libertad
de usar las practicas que desee para finalizar el trabajo, siempre y cuando el polvo y los escombros generados se
mantengan en el area de trabajo y no se desplacen a otras areas o propiedades. Las recomendaciones en esta
seccion le ayudaran a reducir la cantidad de polvo generada durante el trabajo. La reduccion de polvo en el area de
trabajo hara que el lugar de trabajo sea mas seguro para los empleados y que la limpieza sea mas facil.
Al finalizar este modulo sabra:
Que practicas de trabajo se prohfben en la regla RRP, debido a que producen cantidades peligrosas de polvo y
cascaras de pintura.
Que practicas debe usar para controlar el polvo, los escombros o las cascaras de pintura; y
Que herramientas necesitara.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-2: Las renovaciones tradicionales crean polvo con plomo en
el aire
Esta tabla ilustra que las practicas de trabajo tradicionales generan una gran
cantidad de polvo. Indique que la tabla muestra una medicion de la cantidad de
polvo en el aire para tres practicas de trabajo comunes.
La fuente de los datos de esta tabla es un estudio que midio las cantidades de polvo
con plomo en el aire causadas por cada tipo de trabajo. El polvo se midio en
microgramos por metro cubico (ug/m3).
El nivel de activation de OSHA en el que se requieren medidas especiales de
proteccion para los trabajadores (conocido como el Ifmite de exposition admisible o
PEL, por sus siglas en ingles) es de 50 ug/m3 (50 microgramos por metro cubico;
promedio ponderado durante un dfa laboral de 8 horas). Segun se senala en la tabla,
la cantidad de polvo con plomo que se crea a partir del lijado manual y demoliciones
es mucho mas alto que el PEL. OSHA exige medidas especiales de proteccion para
los trabajadores durante el desempeno de estas actividades.
5-2
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Diapositivas 5-2
Las renovaciones tradicionales
crean polvo con plomo en el aire
600 -I
"2 500-
"5
re
o
0 inn
5 1°°"
Lijado a mano Lijado electrico Demolicion en
nteriores
Practicas de trabajo tradicionales
* Limite de exposicion admisible
(PEL) de OSHA = 50 f/g/m3
Los datos previos forman parte del informe Lead Exposure Associated with Renovation and Remodeling Activities:
Summary Report (Exposicion al plomo relacionada con las actividades de renovacion y remodelacion: Informe de
resumen), preparado por Battelle para la Agenda de Proteccion Ambiental de los Estados Unidos en mayo de 1997,
EPA 747-R-96-005.
jLas practicas de trabajo tradicionales generan cantidades de polvo mas grandes!
Esta tabla muestra las cantidades de polvo con plomo que se generan mediante tres practicas comunes de
construccion: lijado manual, lijado electrico y demolicion de interiores. La reqla RRP prohfbe el uso de
liiado. esmerilado. cepillado v corte electrico sin contar con una ventilacion de captura local con filtro
HEPA. va que estas practicas producen mucho polvo.
Al utilizer practicas de trabajo seguras, puede controlar y reducir considerablemente la cantidad de polvo
generada en el trabajo. Es importante controlar el polvo con plomo en el lugar de origen, ya que el polvo que
se desprende en el aire se depositara finalmente en el piso. Mas adelante en este capftulo, aprendera
practicas de trabajo seguras que pueden reemplazar estas practicas de trabajo prohibidas. En esta seccion
tambien encontrara recomendaciones de las mejores practicas para reducir el polvo en el area de trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-3: Practices prohibidas
Esta diapositiva senala varias practicas que crean grandes cantidades de polvo y
riesgos de exposition para residentes y trabajadores. Estas practicas son:
1. Quemar con llama o con soplete.
2. Remocion de pintura con pistola de aire caliente a mas de 1,100 grades F.
NOTA: Las notas del alumno en la pagina que se muestra analizan el hecho de
que se puedan generar pequenas partfculas de polvo con plomo ("humos") a
partir del calentamiento o combustion de pintura a altas temperaturas. Estas
partfculas son muy pequenas y es muy sencillo aspirarlas y que se introduzcan
en los pulmones. Por lo tanto, son mas peligrosas que el polvo, que suele pasar
al estomago despues de su ingestion. Los pulmones transfieren el plomo al
torrente sangufneo con mucha mas eficacia que el estomago. Debido a esto, los
humos son mucho mas peligrosos que el polvo con plomo ordinario. Por este
motivo, esta prohibida la remocion de pintura a base de plomo con pistola de aire
caliente a mas de 1,100 grades F, con combustion de llama y con soplete.
3. Esta prohibido el uso de maquinas que alteran la pintura por medio de
operaciones de alta velocidad como lijado y esmerilado electrico o la limpieza
con abrasives sin un accesorio de aspiration HEPA.
Nota: El termino "limpieza con abrasives" incluye herramientas especiales que
usan aire de alta presion mezclado con otro material como arena, cascaras de
nueces, sales qufmicas o hielo seco para remover pintura de superficies.
Destaque que la regla del HUD prohfbe actividades adicionales en propiedades que
reciban asistencia federal para la vivienda. Por ejemplo, la regla del HUD prohfbe raspar
en seco y lijar a mano en exceso (la regla RRP de la EPA no prohfbe esta practica).
Consulte la diapositiva 2-13 y el apendice 2 para obtener mayor information.
5-3
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Diapositivas 5-3
Practices prohibidas
Quemarcon llama o
soplete.
Pistola de aire caliente a
masde1100°F.
Lijado, esmerilado y
cepillado electrico,
pistolas de aguja, limpieza
con abrasives y limpieza
con chorros de arena, sin
un accesorio de aspiracion
HE PA.
&EPA
La reqla de renovacion. reparacion v pintura no aborda de manera especffica que medidas se deben tomar
para reducir la cantidad de polvo qenerada en el trabaio. For el contrario. la reqla indica tres practices
prohibidas que no se deben usar en el trabaio.
Quemar con llama o soplete.
Pistola de aire caliente a mas de 1,100° F (grades Fahrenheit).
Esta prohibido usar maquinas que quiten la pintura a base de plomo mediante una operacion a alta velocidad,
tales como lijado, esmerilado, cepillado, uso de pistolas de aguja, limpieza con abrasives o limpieza con
chorros de arena, a menos que dichas maquinas se utilicen con una ventilacion de capture local con filtro
HEPAacoplado.
Una clave para minimizar la propagacion de polvo y cascaras de pintura es no usar ciertas practices de trabajo
tradicionales, que se sabe que producen grandes cantidades de polvo y escombros.
Quemar pintura con llama o soplete y el uso de una pistola de aire caliente a mas de 1,100° F genera
partfculas de polvo con plomo muy finas ("humos") que son peligrosas para los trabajadores si las respiran.
Las pequefias partfculas de polvo con plomo que se generan al quemaro calentar tambien se depositan en
las superficies adyacentes y son muy diffciles de limpiar.
El lijado, el esmerilado y el cepillado electrico, las pistolas de aguja, la limpieza con abrasives y la
limpieza con chorros de arena generan una gran cantidad de polvo que flota en el aire y luego se deposita
en las superficies interiores y exteriores del area de trabajo. Estas actividades estan prohibidas, a menos que
esten equipadas con dispositivos de ventilacion de capture local con filtros HEPA, para controlar el escape
cargado de polvo.
Consulte el Apendice 5 Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO para obtener
mas informacion.
Las practicas que se indican en la diapositiva tambien estan prohibidas en las propiedades
construidas antes de 1978 con pintura a base de plomo, que reciben ayuda federal para la
vivienda. La regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo tambien prohfbe raspar en seco y
liiar a mano en exceso y decapar la pintura en un espacio con poca ventilacion utilizando un
decapante volatil. Algunos estados, localidades o tribus tambien pueden prohibir estas practicas.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-4: Herramientas especializadas
Debido a que muchos contratistas utilizan herramientas electricas en su trabajo,
habitualmente no es posible rociar las superficies con agua por el riesgo de
descarga electrica. Utilice herramientas de pilas o neumaticas con filtration HEPA y
proporcione interruptores accionados por perdidas a tierra (GFCI, por sus siglas en
ingles) al trabajar cerca de tomas y cableados electricos, en areas humedas o en
superficies mojadas para prevenir peligros de descargas electricas.
Los contratistas deben pensar en invertir en herramientas electricas especializadas
con ventilation de captura local con filtro HEPA acoplada o comprar accesorios que
sean apropiados para sus herramientas electricas actuales. Esta inversion se
compensara a largo plazo, ya que los trabajadores realizaran sus labores mas
rapidamente y contendran el polvo mejor con estas herramientas que sin ellas.
Tambien puede ser posible alquilar estas herramientas localmente. Senale que los
accesorios no capturan todo el polvo que se genera durante el trabajo, por tanto
sigue siendo importante tomar otras precauciones, en especial sistemas de
contention.
5-4
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Diapositivas 5-4
Herramientas especializadas
Los trabajos de mayor envergadura
pueden requerirconsideraciones
especiales para la realizacion del
trabajo, como por ejemplo:
Lijadoras, esmeriladoras y cepilladoras
electricos, pistolas de aguja y limpiadores
con abrasives o chorros de arena, cada
uno con accesorios de captura con filtros
HEPA.
Herramientas neumaticas y de pilas para
protegerse contra los peligros de
descarga electrica.
Planificacion y contencion
especializadas.
vvEPA
Solamente se pueden utilizar herramientas electricas equipadas con ventilacion de captura local con filtro
HEPA acoplado cuando hay pintura a base de plomo, o se cree que esta presente.
Las herramientas electricas, como lijadoras, esmeriladoras, sierras circulares, sierras alternativas, cepilladoras y
taladros producen polvo y escombros. Como son electricas, los metodos con humedad no son seguros. Las
herramientas neumaticas y de pilas evitan los peligros de descarga electrica. Las herramientas con filtros HEPA
acoplados o el uso de cubiertas acopladas a aspiradoras en estas herramientas contienen el peligroso polvo con
plomo y las cascaras de pintura que se generan al usarlas.
Las herramientas con ventilacion de captura local con filtro HEPA acoplado recogen y filtran el polvo y los
escombros a medida que se generan. Una cubierta en la cabeza de la herramienta ayuda a contener el polvo y
las cascaras de pintura a medida que la aspiradora los arrastra para almacenarlos de manera segura en el
recipiente de la aspiradora. Esto hace que el trabajo sea mas limpio y seguro.
La limpieza con abrasives es bastante eficaz al retirar grandes areas de pintura rapidamente, pero estas
practices requieren equipos especiales de filtracion HEPA que contengan el medio de limpieza, el polvo y las
cascaras de pintura sin desprender el polvo al aire o dentro de la contencion.
La contencion es incluso mas importante cuando se usan herramientas especializadas.
La contencion y limpieza correctas son fundamentales incluso cuando se usan herramientas especializadas con
filtros HEPA. Estas herramientas generan mucho polvo dentro de un entorno localizado (vacfo) con presion
negative. Si se destruye el vacfo o si se rompe el sello de vacfo creado por la cubierta protectora, se podrfan
desprender grandes volumenes de polvo. Sin embargo, las herramientas especializadas con filtro HEPA pueden
reducir los niveles de polvo cuando se usan correctamente y pueden ayudar a la produccion del trabajo,
disminuyendo el tiempo de limpieza y los costos.
Consulte la lista de compras de herramientas y suministros en el Apendice 5 Pasos para la renovation,
reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO para obtener mas information.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-5: Protejase
Los trabajadores deben tomar precauciones para protegerse de los peligros del
polvo en el trabajo.
Nota: Estas son precauciones mfnimas. Los empleadores deben cumplir los
reglamentos de la OSHA que puedan requerir mayores medidas de proteccion para
los trabajadores, particularmente para trabajos en que exista gran cantidad de polvo.
Mientras menciona las precauciones especfficas para la proteccion de los
trabajadores, consulte la siguiente diapositiva:
Proteccion del trabajador. Equipo de proteccion personal: una gorra de pintor,
overoles y mascarillas respiratorias N-100 desechables. N-100 es una categorfa
de mascarillas respiratorias que se pueden usar en un ambiente de polvo con
plomo. N-100 significa que el respirador tiene una capacidad de filtration HEPA.
La mascarilla N-100 es aceptable para trabajos pequenos, pero en otras
condiciones de trabajo, OSHA puede exigir otro tipo de mascarilla respiratoria.
No es necesario que los trabajadores utilicen guantes, pero deben lavarse las
manos con frecuencia, particularmente antes de comer, fumar y al marcharse al
final del dfa. El plomo del polvo con plomo no pasa a traves de la piel.
Los supervisors pueden comprar overoles extra grandes y acomodar su tamano
con cinta adhesiva para conductos. Algunos overoles tambien tienen capuchas
para que no se deposite polvo en el cabello. Los overoles pueden usarse varias
veces en la misma obra, pero se deben lavar en un servicio comercial que tenga
los equipos adecuados para manejar ropa contaminada con plomo o bien se
deben desechar al finalizar el trabajo.
Las reglas OSHA pueden especificar que se deben tomar mas medidas de
proteccion para el trabajador en un trabajo en particular o en algunas actividades
de trabajo particulares. Algunas actividades de trabajo, debido a su naturaleza,
activan los requisites de OSHA.
5-5
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Diapositivas 5-5
Protejase
Los trabajadores deben llevar:
Una gorra de pintor desechable.
Overoles desechables:
Deben reparar las rasgaduras con cinta adnesiva para
conductos.
Deben colocarlos en bolsas de plastico.
Mascarilla respiratoria desechable N-100, R-100 6 P-
100.
Lavarse la cara y las manos con frecuencia y al
final de cada turno.
Lavarse ayiida a reducir la Ingesta de polvo con
plomo cuando se Neva las manos a la boca.
Es posible que OSHA exija una mayor protecciopt
segun el trabajo que se realice.
>-4
'&EPA
Los trabajadores deben protegerse.
Las gorras de pintor son una manera economica de mantener el polvo y las cascaras de pintura fuera del
cabello del trabajador. Dichas gorras se pueden desechar facilmente y se debe hacer al final de cada dfa o al
final del trabajo.
Los overoles desechables son una buena manera de mantener el polvo fuera de la ropa de calle de los
trabajadores y disminuir la posibilidad de llevar polvo mientras caminan de un lado a otro. Los trabajadores se
pueden quitar los overoles cuando se marchan de la obra y los pueden guardar en bolsas de plastico por la
noche. Recuerde usar una aspiradora HEPA para eliminarel polvo y los residues de los overoles u otras
prendas exteriores ("descontaminacion en seco") antes de salir del area de trabajo. Para mantener bajos los
costos, considere la compra overoles de tamano extragrande y ajustarlos al tamano de un trabajador con cinta
adhesive para conductos. Algunos tienen una capucha para impedir que se deposite polvo en el cabello.
Proteccion respiratoria. Los empleadores deben considerar que los trabajadores lleven proteccion respiratoria,
como una mascarilla desechable N-100, R-100 6 P-100, para evitar que inhalen polvo con plomo. Estas
mascarillas son respiradores que filtran partfculas y no son adecuadas como proteccion contra sustancias
qufmicas decapantes. OSHA brinda informacion adicional sobre las mascarillas respiratorias en el Codigo de
Regulacion Federal 1910.134, parte 29.
Debe lavarse las manos y la cara al fin de cada turno. Los trabajadores deben lavarse las manos y el
rostro periodicamente para no ingerir polvo con plomo. Se requiere que se lave bien antes de comer, beber o
fumar. Esta prohibido para cualquier persona comer, beber o fumar en el area de trabaio. Algo del polvo
que se deposita en la cara, alrededor de la boca, encuentra siempre la forma de entrar en la boca. Los
trabajadores tambien deben lavarse al final del dfa, antes de subirse a sus autos o irse a casa. No deben llevar
polvo con plomo a sus hogares con sus familias.
La proteccion personal es de especial importancia en los trabajos que generan altas cantidades de polvo,
cuando se altera la pintura a base de plomo o el polvo contaminado con plomo y mientras se realiza la limpieza.
Sin embargo, el mismo nivel de proteccion no es necesario durante las etapas de planificacion, pruebas o
instalaciones del trabajo, cuando no se esta alterando el plomo.
Los equipos de proteccion indicados anteriormente tienen como fin mostrar lo que se necesita durante las
actividades de alteracion de la pintura a base de plomo y el polvo contaminado con plomo. Segun las practices
de trabajo que se usen, las regias de OSHA pueden requerir que los empleados realicen pasos adicionales para
proteger la salud de los trabajadores en la obra.
OSHA brinda informacion adicional sobre el trabajo con plomo en sus Reglamentos de Seguridad y Salud para
el Plomo en la Industrie de la Construction (Codigo de Regulacion Federal 1926.62, parte 29).
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-6: Controle la propagacion del polvo
Esta diapositiva muestra los pasos que deben seguir los trabajadores para controlar
la propagacion de polvo desde la obra.
El polvo puede propagarse cuando los trabajadores salen de la obra para buscar
herramientas, transportar escombros, tomar un descanso, marcharse al final del dfa,
etc. Los Ifmites de la obra dependen del area de contention. Por ejemplo, puede ser
solo el area cubierta por laminas protectoras o puede ser una habitation completa.
Los trabajadores pueden transportar polvo fuera del area de trabajo en los zapatos y
en la ropa. Se debe limpiar siempre la parte superior e inferior de sus zapatos y
limpiar la ropa con una aspiradora antes de salir de las laminas protectoras. Antes
de salir del area de trabajo, los renovadores se deben quitar las prendas
desechables (como cubrezapatos, trajes protectores, overoles, gorras y guantes).
Los trabajadores deben tomar precauciones adicionales al limpiarse antes de volver
a casa, debido a que pueden transportar polvo a sus hogares en la ropa, en el
cabello, en el cuerpo y en su automovil. Se han desarrollado estudios que muestran
los niveles de plomo en la sangre de familias de los trabajadores. Estos estudios
confirman que los hijos de trabajadores de la construction sufren envenenamiento
provocado por polvo con plomo que ha sido transportado a su vivienda desde las
obras. Recuerde el video anterior sobre el contratista que enveneno con plomo a
sus propios hijos.
5-6
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Diapositivas 5-6
Controle la propagacion del polvo
Cuando se marche de la obra, limpiesetodo el cuerpo y tambien las herramientas.
Quitese los cubrezapatosy use la aspiradora HEPA o Mm pie los zapatos.
Gamine sobre almohadillas adhesivas desechables para retirar el polvo de las
suelas.
Use la aspiradora HEPA y quitese el overol, y usela para limpiar la ropa.
Quitese los guantes, si los utilize, y lavese las manosy la cara con cuidado.
Deseche toda la ropa desechable en bolsas de plastico.
Al final del dia, no Neve plomoasu hogarcon sufamiliaen su ropa ni en su
automovil.
Utilice la aspiradora HEPA en la ropa, los zapatos, etc.
Cambiesede ropa; desecheo coloquela ropa detrabajo con polvo en una bolsa
de plastico para lavarla porseparado de la ropasucia de su familia.
iNo abrace a su familia hasta que este limpio!
Lavese las manosy el rostro.
Duchesetan pronto como llegue a su hogar.
vvEPA
Precauciones que debe tomar al marcharse de la obra
Cuando se marche de la obra (el area cubierta por laminas de proteccion o la habitacion de trabajo), tome
precauciones para evitar la propagacion de polvo y cascaras de pintura en la ropa y zapatos a otras partes de
la residencia.
Cada vez que deje las laminas de plastico alrededor de las superficies que se renovaran, quitese los
cubrezapatos desechables y Ifmpiese los zapatos con un trapo o una aspiradora antes de salir de las laminas
de plastico. El uso de una gran esponja adhesive desechable en el piso le puede ayudar a limpiar las suelas
de los zapatos.
Cada vez que saiga del area de contencion, use la aspiradora HEPA y quitese los overoles y cubrezapatos
desechables. Limpie o use la aspiradora en sus zapatos, y lavese las manos y la cara.
Al final del dfa:
Cambiese de ropa y lavese para reducir el riesgo de contaminar su automovil y llevar polvo con plomo
a su hogar con su familia.
Antes de marcharse de la obra, quitese toda la ropa de proteccion, use la aspiradora HEPA para
eliminar el polvo de la ropa que no sea de proteccion y lavese las manos y la cara cuidadosamente.
Elimine la ropa desechable o coloquela en una bolsa de plastico para que el polvo no pase otra ropa en
el hogar.
Si no puede limpiarse en la obra, coloque un pedazo de plastico en su automovil para proteger el piso y
los asientos de la contaminacion por plomo.
Tan pronto llegue a casa, duchese y asegurese de lavarse bien el cabello, especialmente antes de
jugar con ninos. Lave su ropa por separado de la ropa sucia normal de su familia, para que el plomo no
contamine otras prendas.
Asegurese de estar limpio antes de entrar en contacto con familiares, en especial con ninos. Recuerde
el video sobre el contratista que enveneno con plomo a sus propios hijos.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-7: Limpieza mientras trabaja
Debido a su naturaleza, los trabajos de renovacion, reparacion y pintura crean
escombros que se pueden acumular en el area de trabajo. Los escombros se deben
retirar periodicamente para evitar que se transformen en una fuente de polvo que se
pueda dispersar con facilidad mediante las actividades laborales y por el transito de
personas en la obra. Por ejemplo, las cascaras de pintura se pueden transportar con
mucha facilidad a otras partes de la vivienda (recuerde la demostracion con el
edulcorante que vio esta manana). Es importante que se limpie los zapatos antes de
salir de las laminas protectoras.
La limpieza para controlar los escombros y el polvo se puede desarrollar en etapas,
pero se debe realizar al menos una vez por dfa.
La contention, remocion y elimination de los desechos son esenciales para reducir
lo mas posible el polvo y los escombros en el area de trabajo.
5-7
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Diapositivas 5-7
Limpieza mientras trabaja
Una obra limpia reduce la propagacion de polvo y las
cascaras de pintura.
Limpie a medida que trabaja.
Use la aspiradora HEPA en superficies horizontales.
Retire los escombros con frecuencia.
Retire las cascaras de pintura a medida que se generan.
A medida que se retiran los componentes de la construccion,
envuelvalos y eliminelos inmediatamente.
Limpie con frecuencia (en etapas, al menos
diariamente).
&EPA if*
Limpie la obra con frecuencia.
Al limpiar la obra con frecuencia a medida que avanza el trabajo, reduce la propagacion de polvo y cascaras de
pintura. La limpieza diaria no necesita sertan cuidadosa como la limpieza final. Sin embargo, debe evitarque
los escombros, el polvo y las cascaras de pintura se apilen y se propaguen mas alia de la obra inmediata.
La limpieza diaria durante el trabajo incluye:
Retirar escombros con frecuencia: Selle y deseche los escombros de la construccion a medida que se crean.
Limpiar frecuentemente con una aspiradora las superficies horizontales: Use la aspiradora HEPA para
eliminar el polvo y las cascaras de pintura que se depositan en las superficies, incluidas las laminas de
proteccion. A medida que los trabajadores caminan de un lado a otro durante el dfa de trabajo, los escombros
se propagan facilmente. La limpieza periodica en el dfa de trabajo ayuda a minimizar la propagacion de polvo.
Reunir las cascaras de pintura a medida que se generan: Cuando retire la pintura, las cascaras de pintura se
pueden propagar hacia el exterior del area de trabajo inmediata, a medida que los trabajadores caminan fuera y
dentro de la obra. Para que las cascaras de pintura no se propaguen mas alia de la obra, asegurese de reunirlas
a medida que se generan. Use la aspiradora HEPA periodicamente y deseche las cascaras de pintura.
Envolver y eliminar los componentes retirados: Cuando retire los componentes pintados, como ventanas,
molduras y gabinetes, envuelvalos en laminas de plastico y eliminelos en etapas. Esto evitara la propagacion de
escombros y mantendra a los residentes, particularmente a los ninos, lejos de estar en contacto con el polvo con
plomo que se genera en el trabajo.
Eliminar desechos de forma segura: Se debe contener todo el desecho producto de la renovacion del area de
trabajo antes de retirarlo, guardarlo o desecharlo, a fin de evitar que se libere polvo y escombros. Las rampas
para retirar los desechos del area de trabajo tambien se deben cubrir. Al final de cada dfa de trabajo, reuna los
desechos y guardelos en un area de contencion, en un lugar cerrado o detras de una barrera que evite el
desprendimiento de polvo y escombros, o el acceso a los mismos. Cuando transporte desechos del area de
trabajo de renovacion, deben estar contenidos para evitar que se desprendan polvo y escombros.
iCon que frecuencia se debe realizar la limpieza durante el trabajo?
El objetivo es mantener el polvo y los escombros bajo control, no mantener una obra completamente limpia todo
el tiempo. Cada trabajo es diferente, asf que limpie cuando se deba hacer, sin dificultar el avance. Quite grandes
cantidades de polvo, cascaras de pintura y escombros con frecuencia, al menos diariamente.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-8: Ejercicio: Equipos de proteccion personal
Con este ejercicio los alumnos aprenderan a ponerse y quitarse los equipos de
proteccion personal, como descontaminarse y como desechar los equipos usados.
Prepare este ejercicio por adelantado:
Asegurese de que los suministros apropiados esten listos (consulte la lista en el
conjunto de destrezas N° 6 despues de la diapositiva 5-8 y en el Apendice 6).
Repase el conjunto de destrezas N° 6.
Opcion
Puede tomar la decision de realizar este ejercicio como parte de un ejercicio integral
de actividades practicas despues del modulo 8, segun se describe en la planificacion
de clase 2.
5-8
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Diapositivas 5-8
Ejercicio: Equipos de proteccion
personal
Observe como el instructor viste al voluntario
con los equipos de proteccion personal.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 6 - Equipos de proteccion
(10 min.)
Practique ponerse y quitarse los equipos de
proteccion personal.
Deseche apropiadamente los equipos usados
y limpie.
&EPA «ii
Equipos de proteccion personal
Este ejercicio le brinda la oportunidad de aprender y practicar los pasos correctos para ponerse y quitarse los
equipos de proteccion personal, desechar los equipos usados y descontaminarse. Esta diapositiva brinda una
instruccion basica.
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 6: Equipos de proteccion personal
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Overoles desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Cubrezapatos desechables
Proteccion para los ojos
Guantes de trabajo de lona o cuero
Mascarilla respiratoria N-100
Bolsas de desperdicio desechables
Cinta adhesiva para conductos
Instalaciones para lavarse las manos y jabon
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para ponerse (vestirse) y quitarse (desvestirse) los equipos de proteccion personal y los pasos
para descontaminar y eliminar el equipo usado.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que hay que seguir para
ponerse los equipos de proteccion personal y para ello, debe vestir a un alumno voluntario con
dichos equipos. Enfatice a los alumnos que estos equipos evitan su exposition al plomo, al
mismo tiempo que previenen la contamination de areas externas al area de trabajo.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno seguir los pasos de la siguiente pagina.
Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se
necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a medida que
trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser "Competentes".
Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado correctamente
los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo
del registro de avance del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 6 y al
nombre del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 6: Equipos de proteccion personal
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 6: Equipos de proteccion personal - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Pongase (vlstase con) un overol protector.*
Paso 2: Pongase guantes desechables.*
Paso 3: Pongase cubiertas para botas sobre el calzado.*
Paso 4: Pongase gafas protectoras.*
Paso 5: Pongase guantes de trabajo.*
Paso 6: Cuando este vestido con estos equipos de proteccion personal, hable sobre el uso de
mascarillas respiratorias y muestre el metodo correcto para colocarse y fijar la
mascarilla.
Nota: Los alumnos no deben usar mascarilla respiratoria si no estan inscritos
actualmente en el programa de proteccion respiratoria de la empresa de
capacitacion. Observe la demostracion pero no use mascarillas respiratorias si lo
antes mencionado se aplica en su caso.
Paso 7: Quftese los guantes de trabajo y pongalos en una bolsa de desechos marcada.*
Paso 8: Quftese las cubiertas para botas tirando de ellas desde el talon y enrollandolas de
adentro hacia afuera a medida que las retira. Cuando la haya quitado, pongala en
una bolsa de desechos marcada.*
Paso 9: Quftese el traje bajando la cremallera y enrollelo de adentro hacia afuera para no
desprender polvo. Cuando se lo haya quitado, pongalo en una bolsa de desechos
marcada.*
Paso 10: Quftese los guantes desechables que no sean de latex: tome el puno de un guante y
tire del mismo de adentro hacia afuera hasta sacarlo completamente. Sostenga el
guante que se ha quitado en la palma de la mano que aun conserva el guante
puesto. Meta un dedo de la mano sin guante debajo del puno de la mano que
conserva el guante y comience a retirarlo de forma que vaya enrollando el guante ya
sacado que sostiene en la mano. Cuando se los quite, tendra un guante dentro de
otro con el lado sucio contenido. Coloque los guantes en la bolsa de desechos
marcada.*
Paso 11: Lavese las manos, la cara y los zapatos con agua y jabon. Sequese las manos y la
cara con una toalla desechable.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 6: Equipos de proteccion personal
2 of 2
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 5 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 5-9: Ahora ya saben...
Utilice esta diapositiva para cerrar este modulo y realizar la transition al modulo
siguiente.
5-9
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Diapositivas 5-9
Ahora ya saben...
Que practicas de trabajo producen polvo.
Que practicas de trabajo estan prohibidas
segun la EPA y el HUD.
Como trabajar de manera segura cerca de
pintura a base de plomo y polvo con plomo.
El uso correcto de los equipos de proteccion
personal.
vvEPA
Las practicas que aprendio en este modulo le ayudaran a generar menos polvo mientras trabaja.
En el siguiente modulo, analizaremos como realizar la limpieza final del area de trabajo y como verificar que la
limpieza este completa.
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Modulo 6: Actividades de Limpieza y
Verificacion del Trabajo
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Descripcion general de este modulo: La siguiente tabla resume el contenido y los metodos
de ensenanza de este modulo. Es para su propia referenda. No trate este punto con los
asistentes.
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verificacion del trabajo
90 minutos
6-1: Modulo 6: Actividades de
limpieza y verificacion del trabajo
6-2: ^Que es una limpieza eficaz?
6-3: Requisites de limpieza interior
6-4: Procedimiento de inspection
visual
6-5: Procedimiento de verificacion de
la limpieza (CV)
6-6: Examen de aprobacion referente
al polvo
6-7: Requisites de limpieza exterior
6-8: Exterior - Verifique la eficacia de
la limpieza
6-9: Desechado
6-10: Desechado- Information
federal, estatal y local
6-11: Ejercicio: Procedimiento de
limpieza y verificacion de la limpieza
6-12: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Limpie correctamente. Utilice
trapeadores humedos y aspiradoras HEPA.
Los metodos tradicionales no sirven.
Notas: Despues de las diapositivas se realiza
un ejercicio
Diapositivas: (40 minutos)
Ejercicio practice: (50 minutos)
Preparation para este modulo: Prepare los
materiales para un ejercicio practice, las
demostraciones de verificacion y de
aprobacion de limpieza.
Materiales necesarios: Materiales de
verificacion de limpieza y herramientas
indicadas en la lista de artfculos de limpieza.
Opciones: Los ejercicios practices de este
modulo no son opcionales, pero el instructor
puede decidir cuando usarlos. Puede optar
por usar los ejercicios durante la realization
de este modulo (como se muestra en la
planificacion de clase 1) o como parte de un
ejercicio practice integral (como se muestra
en la planificacion de clase 2).
Diapositiva 6-1: Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y verificacion del trabajo
Este modulo se centra en como limpiar el area de trabajo a fin de pasar una revision visual y un
control de verificacion o una aprobacion. La revision visual se refiere a que un area se limpio
hasta el punto en que a simple vista no se puede ver polvo, escombros o cascaras de pintura.
El control de verificacion implica comparar un pano de limpieza desechable usado despues de
la limpieza con una tarjeta de verificacion estandar para determinar el grado de limpieza. La
aprobacion implica tomar muestras de polvo y enviarlas para su analisis y compararlas con las
normas de polvo correspondientes para determinar si el area esta lo suficientemente limpia.
La limpieza eficaz incluye el uso de tecnicas especfficas y seguir el orden adecuado para
limpiar. En esta section, los asistentes aprenderan lo siguiente:
como llevar a cabo una limpieza eficaz;
las herramientas que debe tener siempre en su camion y en la obra;
las tecnicas eficaces para limpiar los trabajos interiores y exteriores;
los metodos seguros de desechado; y
como verificar su trabajo.
6-1
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Diapositivas 6-1
Modulo 6: Actividades de limpieza y
verificacion del trabajo
Descripcion general
iQue es una limpieza eficaz?
Tecnicas de limpieza de interiores.
Tecnicas de limpieza de exteriores.
Como verificar su trabajo.
Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.
Examen de aprobacion.
Practices seguras de eliminacion.
xvEPA
Lo que estudiaremos en este modulo:
Este modulo abarcara todos los temas que aparecen en la diapositiva anterior.
El objetivo de la limpieza es que el area de trabajo quede tan limpia o mas de lo que estaba cuando llego, de
modo tal que como resultado de su trabajo, no quede polvo con plomo que pueda envenenar a los residentes.
Al terminar este modulo, sabra como verificar su trabajo para asegurarse de que el area de trabajo este lo
suficientemente limpia como para pasar la inspeccion visual y el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza o
pasarel examen de aprobacion.
Si utilize las tecnicas que se describen en este modulo, podra limpiar un area de trabajo de forma rapida y eficaz.
Recuerde, el enfoque que se le da a una limpieza es similar al que se le da a un trabajo. Una preparacion y una
planificacion apropiadas serviran para que su limpieza sea mas eficiente y eficaz.
Asigne siempre tiempo al final de cada dfa para limpiar meticulosamente el area de trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-2: <-,Que es una limpieza eficaz?
Comente sobre las similitudes entre planificar para la limpieza y abordar un trabajo.
Explique que, tal como aborda un trabajo planificandolo para que contenga eficazmente el
polvo y los escombros, debe abordar la limpieza disponiendo en primer lugar de una
contention eficaz y despues siguiendo cuidadosamente los procedimientos especfficos
para limpiar de manera optima el area de trabajo. Las tecnicas descritas en esta seccion
deben hacer que la limpieza sea mas rapida, mas eficiente y mas eficaz.
Recuerde:
Lleve a cabo siempre una revision visual del area de trabajo para asegurarse de que todo el
trabajo este completo.
La elimination adecuada de los desechos y la verificacion de su trabajo son esenciales
para el proceso de limpieza.
La limpieza mas eficaz seguira la siguiente secuencia:
1. Recoja todas las cascaras de pintura y los escombros visibles.
2. Limpie y deseche las laminas protectoras.
Para las renovaciones interiores:
3. Paredes: Limpie lentamente con una aspiradora HEPA o con un pano humedo,
trabajando desde arriba hacia abajo.
4. Otras superficies: Limpie minuciosamente con una aspiradora HEPA todas las
superficies, incluidos muebles y accesorios. Limpie las superficies restantes con un
pano humedo. La aspiradora HEPA debe tener una barra sacudidora para las
alfombras.
5. Pase un trapeador por los pisos sin alfombrar utilizando el metodo de limpieza de balde
de dos lados.
6. Inspeccione visualmente el trabajo.
7. Deposite todos los desechos en bolsas plasticas de alta resistencia, cierre con un sello
de cuello de cisne y elimfnelos de acuerdo con los reglamentos federales, estatales y
locales.
8. Realice la verificacion de la limpieza en los antepechos de ventanas, encimeras y pisos
sin alfombrar.
9. Retire los letreros de advertencia.
Demuestre como se hace un sello de cuello de cisne en una bolsa plastica de alto
rendimiento y tenga presente que esto se tratara nuevamente en la seccion de
desechado.
Comente la razon por la que esta secuencia de limpieza debe dar un buen resultado.
Al recoger todos los escombros y las cascaras de pintura visibles, se prepara un
area de trabajo para utilizar la aspiradora HEPA por primera vez.
Limpie y deseche las laminas protectoras. Este paso debe realizarse antes de utilizar
una aspiradora HEPA a fin de recoger todo el polvo que pueda escaparse de las
laminas protectoras.
Limpie el area con una aspiradora HEPA desde arriba hacia abajo. El primer uso de
la aspiradora HEPA recogera el polvo y los escombros que no sean visibles a simple
vista.
Una limpieza humeda y con trapeador del area eliminara aun mas polvo contaminado
con plomo o escombros no recogidos en la primera pasada de la aspiradora HEPA. La
limpieza humeda tambien recoge el polvo y los escombros que estan "adheridos" a las
superficies.
6-2
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Si es necesario, una pasada final de la aspiradora HEPA o el pano de limpieza
humedo capturara todo el polvo o los escombros restantes que queden despues de la
limpieza humeda.
El ultimo paso debe ser revisar su trabajo para asegurarse de que se pueda aprobar la
inspection de la revision visual y de que todos los desechos se hayan depositado en
bolsas plasticas de acuerdo con las leyes federales, estatales y locales.
Puede que las leyes federales, estatales, tribales o locales, o bien el propietario,
exijan un examen de aprobacion referente al polvo. De ser asf, el examen de
aprobacion reemplazara el proceso de verification de limpieza. El HUD exige la aprobacion
en muchos hogares que reciben ayuda federal para la vivienda. Para obtener mas
information acerca de la aprobacion, consulte la diapositiva 6-6.
6-3
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Diapositivas 6-2
es una limpieza eficaz?
Evitar que el polvo regrese a areas que ya se
han limpiado.
Utilizar tecnicas de limpieza apropiadas.
Limpiartodas las superficies, herramientas y
prendas de vestir.
Verificacion de su trabajo.
Normalmente incluye una verificacion de limpieza.
Podria incluir un examen de aprobacion.
Eliminacion segura de desechos. n
Contencion
La limpieza eficaz comienza con una preparacion y una contencion apropiadas. La limpieza sera mucho mas
sencilla y eficaz si una contencion apropiada ha mantenido aislados el polvo y los escombros del area de trabajo.
Durante la limpieza, tambien es importante mantener el polvo en el area que se limpie. No serfa bueno que areas
limpias vuelvan a contaminarse despues de la limpieza.
Tecnicas de limpieza apropiadas
Utilice el enfoque "de arriba hacia abajo y siempre hacia atras", para que no tenga que volver a entrar en un area
que ya se ha limpiado. Comience a limpiar desde lo mas alto hacia abajo. Debe tener cuidado de no propagar
polvo a otras areas mientras limpie. Siga una secuencia ordenada de limpieza para garantizar que no contamine
otras areas. Porejemplo, si se limpian los pisos antes de las encimeras, debera caminarsobre el piso para buscar
las encimeras, lo que abre la posibilidad de que se vuelva a contaminar el piso. No vuelva a entrar nunca en un
area que ya este limpia. Ademas, las encimeras se ubican mas arriba que los pisos y pueden dejar caer polvo
sobre estos.
Limpieza de todas las superficies
El termino "todas las superficies" incluye todas las superficies verticales, como paredes y ventanas, y todas las
superficies horizontales, como pisos, parte superior y molduras de puertas, y canales y antepecho de ventanas. La
limpieza debe realizarse desde arriba hacia abajo, es decir, desde la parte mas alta de la pared hasta la ventana y
luego hasta el piso.
Verificacion del trabajo
Realice una inspeccion visual despues de completar la limpieza. Busque cascaras de pintura, polvo y escombros.
Realice una verificacion de limpieza hasta que todas las areas cumplan con los parametros de la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza.
Un examen de aprobacion referente al polvo puede reemplazar una verificacion de limpieza en caso de que lo
requiera el duefio o la ley federal, estatal, tribal o local.
Eliminacion segura de desechos
Ponga los desechos en bolsas plasticas de alta resistencia y utilice un sello de tipo cuello de cisne. Elimine de
manera segura todos los desechos de acuerdo con los reglamentos federales, estatales y locales. Consulte las
diapositivas 6-9 y 6-10 para obtener mayor informacion sobre la eliminacion.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-3: Requisites de limpieza interior
Revise el material de la diapositiva leyendo los requisites reales tal como aparecen en el texto
del alumno debajo de la diapositiva.
Pregunte: ^Por que deben recoger las cascaras de pintura y otros escombros antes de
recoger las laminas protectoras? ^Por que deben rociar con agua y mojar con un pano
humedo las laminas protectoras antes de recogerlas?
[Respuesta a ambas preguntas: Para evitar la propagation accidental de las cascaras de
pintura contaminadas con plomo y eliminar el polvo de las laminas protectoras].
Despues de la primera inspection visual del area de trabajo, el siguiente paso es limpiar,
doblary desechar las laminas protectoras. Limpie las laminas protectoras con una
aspiradora HEPA y con un pano humedo, si es necesario. Cuando esten limpias, doblelas
(con el lado sucio hacia adentro), selle las laminas y elimfnelas con el resto de los
desechos. Cuando recoja y doble las laminas protectoras (con el lado sucio hacia adentro),
tenga cuidado de no propagar el polvo que pueda quedar.
A este proceso le sigue la utilization de una aspiradora HEPA y la limpieza con un
trapeador humedo (que se analiza en la siguiente diapositiva) para limpiar todo el polvo que
escape de las laminas protectoras.
Tenga en cuenta que las laminas que cubren el ingreso al area de trabajo deben
permanecer en su lugar hasta despues de la limpieza y del desechado de las demas
laminas.
Enfatice que los trabajadores deben limpiar siempre como minimo 2 pies mas alia del
area de trabajo.
Comente tambien por que la limpieza debe realizarse siempre desde arriba hacia abajo.
[Respuesta: La limpieza desde arriba hacia abajo es mas eficiente y eficaz porque todo el
polvo o los escombros desprendidos caeran al piso. Del mismo modo que se limpian los
escalones desde arriba hacia abajo, la limpieza del area de trabajo debe realizarse desde
arriba hacia abajo para "empujar" todo el polvo sin recoger hasta el piso, que debe limpiarse
al final.].
6-4
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Diapositivas 6-3
Requisites de limpieza
de interiores
Recoja todas las cascaras de pintura y los escombros, y sellelos en bolsas plasticas
de alta resistencia.
Rocie agua, quite, doble (el lado sucio hacia adentro) y cierre con cinta adhesiva o
selle la lamina protectora. Elimine la lamina como si fuera desecho.
Las laminas plasticas que esten entre habitaciones no contaminadasy areas de
trabajo deben permaneceren su lugar hasta despuesde la limpieza y remocion de
otras laminas.
Limpie las paredes con una aspiradora aprobada por HEPA o con un pano humedo
y, posteriormente, limpie las demas superficies con estos mismos elementos.
Limpie 2 pies mas alia del area de trabajo contenida.
Utilice panos desechables o cambie los panos frecuentemente.
Para alfom brado, utilice la aspiradora aprobada por HEPA con una barra
sacudidora.
Limpie los pisos sin alfombrarcon una aspiradora aprobada por HEPA y con una
trapeadora humeda, utilizando un sistema de limpieza de dos baldes o un sistema
de limpieza humedo.
Recoja
Comience siempre sus actividades de limpieza recogiendo las cascaras de pintura y escombros visibles con un
pano humedo desechable sin dispersar estos elementos; posteriormente, sellelos en una bolsa de alta resistencia.
Cuando complete su trabajo, rocfe agua a la lamina, doblela (el lado sucio hacia adentro) y sellela con cinta o en
una bolsa de alta resistencia. Doble siempre el lado sucio hacia adentro y selle con cinta o coloque dentro de una
bolsa de alta resistencia. Si se coloca en una bolsa de alta resistencia, cierre con un sello tipo cuello de cisne y
elimfnela junto con el resto de sus desechos. Elimine todas las laminas como desecho utilizando el procedimiento
de doblez y eliminacion correcto, despues de haber limpiado con una aspiradora.
Limpie segun un plan
Comience la limpieza en el extreme mas alejado del area de trabajo, retrocediendo hacia la salida.
Limpie las paredes con una aspiradora aprobada por HEPA o con un pano desechable humedo: comience por la
parte mas alta de las paredes, la parte superior de las puertas y sus marcos, y continue hasta el piso.
Aspire minuciosamente los demas objetos y superficies del area de trabajo, como artefactos y muebles. La
aspiradora aprobada por HEPA debe estar equipada con una barra sacudidora para limpiar alfombrados.
Limpie todas las superficies y los objetos que quedaron en el area de trabajo, excepto las superficies alfombradas
o tapizadas, con un pano humedo.
Limpie el piso al final
Limpie con un sistema de limpieza humedo o con un balde de trapeadora de dos lados.
Limpie completamente el area de trabajo y el area ubicada hasta 2 pies del area de trabajo.
Si utilize el sistema de balde de trapeadora de dos lados, repita el proceso utilizando una cabeza de trapeadora
nueva y agua limpia. Recuerde, mantenga siempre un balde para la solucion de limpieza y el otro balde para
escurrir el pano o la cabeza de la trapeadora. No se olvide de separadas el agua de limpieza y el agua enjuagar.
Cambie el agua de enjuagar a menudo.
Verifique su trabajo
Antes de que un renovador certificado inspeccione visualmente el area de trabajo, verifique su trabajo para
determinar la presencia de polvo, escombros o residues. En caso de que aun haya polvo, escombros o residues,
estas condiciones deben corregirse antes de que se realice la inspeccion visual.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-4: Procedimiento de inspeccion visual
Lleve a cabo siempre una revision visual despues de completar la limpieza. Si encuentra
polvo o escombros, pase nuevamente la aspiradora HEPA y, si fuera necesario, vuelva a
hacer una limpieza humeda. Debe continuar con estos pasos hasta que la obra pase la
revision visual. La diapositiva 6-11 contiene un ejercicio que demuestra la limpieza,
inspeccion visual y verificacion de la limpieza. Este ejercicio es obligatorio.
Despues de pasar una revision visual, puede realizar el procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza o que se haga un examen de aprobacion para revisar su trabajo. En algunos
casos, tal vez sea necesario otro muestreo de polvo.
Enfatice que la limpieza siempre debe realizarse como si se fuera a llevar a cabo un
examen de aprobacion despues de la limpieza.
6-5
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Diapositivas 6-4
Procedimiento de inspeccion
visual
1. Realizada por un renovador certificado.
2. Pongase cubrezapatos desechables antes de entrar en el area de
trabajo.
3. Asegurese de que la iluminacion del area de trabajo sea adecuada.
Encienda todas las luces o utilice una linterna brillante de luz
blanca.
4. Busque sistematicamente polvo y escombros en cada superficie
horizontal en el area de trabajo y 2 pies mas alia.
Trabaje desde el area mas alejada hacia la entrada.
Revise cuidadosamente cada superficie.
5. En caso de que encuentre polyo o escombros visibles, vuelva a
limpiar el area de trabajo y repita el paso 4.
6. Despues de que haya observado cuidadosamente todas las
superficies y no haya encontrado polvo ni escombros, continue
con el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza o aprobacion.
&EPA
La inspeccion visual despues de la limpieza es un requisito sequn la reqla RRP. La inspeccion visual es solo el
primer paso.
Un renovador certificado debe realizar una inspeccion visual cuando se complete la limpieza y antes de la
verificacion de limpieza o del examen de aprobacion del area de trabajo.
En una inspeccion visual, el renovador certificado busca cascaras de pintura, polvo y escombros visibles.
Asegurese de que la iluminacion sea adecuada durante la limpieza e inspeccion visual del area de trabajo. El
polvo y las pequenas cascaras de pintura solo se pueden ver si la iluminacion es adecuada.
Revise completamente el area de trabajo y el area ubicada 2 pies mas alia del area de trabajo en todos los lados
de la contencion.
La inspeccion visual solo del area de trabaio no verificara que el area de trabaio se hava limpiado adecuadamente:
la inspeccion visual es solo el primer paso. En muchas ocasiones, el polvo con plomo es invisible para el ojo
humano y no se detectara durante una inspeccion visual. Despues de que se haya completado la inspeccion visual
y no haya presencia de polvo ni de escombros, el area de trabajo debe pasar el procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza o un examen de aprobacion para que el proyecto se complete de acuerdo con la regla RRP.
Los requisites normativos o los terminos del contrato de renovacion determinaran si se realize un procedimiento de
verificacion de limpieza o un examen de aprobacion.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-5: Procedimiento de verificacion de la limpieza (CV)
Esta diapositiva describe en detalle el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza. El
instructor debe demostrar paso a paso el procedimiento a los alumnos.
Diga a los alumnos que pueden quedarse con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza si
completan satisfactoriamente el curso. Estas tarjetas son entregadas por la EPA a
proveedores de capacitacion acreditados para distribuirlas a los renovadores certificados.
Demostracion: Segun el tiempo disponible, el instructor debe demostrar el proceso de
verificacion de limpieza durante la charla o como parte del ejercicio practice. La demostracion
debe incluir: sujecion de un pano de limpieza desechable humedo a un dispositive de
aplicacion, limpiar un area conocida del piso, retirar el pano y compararlo con la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza.
Ya sea que realice o no la demostracion ahora, debe mostrar a los alumnos la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza y asegurarse de que entienden como llevar a cabo el proceso de
comparacion e interpretar sus resultados.
Analice el procedimiento de limpieza de alfombras y enfatice que el procedimiento de
verificacion de limpieza no se aplica a las alfombras, por lo tanto, se deben tomar medidas
adicionales para que no caiga polvo en las alfombras de las areas alfombradas. Esto puede
requerir capas adicionales de plastico como una buena practica de trabajo para evitar que el
polvo caiga en la alfombra cuando se Neve a cabo el trabajo.
Los ejercicios practices de este modulo son obligatorios.
6-6
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Diapositivas 6-5
Procedimiento de verificacion de
la limpieza (CV)
Limpie con un pafio los antepechos de las ventanas del area de trabajo.
Utlllce un pafio humedo desechable por cada antepecho de ventana.
Limpie los plsos sin alfombrar y las enclmeras con panos humedos
desechables. Limpie hasta 40 pies2 por pafio.
Compare cada pafio con la tarjeta CV (verificacion de limpieza). SI el pafio
esta Igual o mas claro que la tarjeta CV, la superflcle ha pasado la
verificacion de limpieza y no se deben llevar a cabo mas acclones.
SI el pafio esta mas oscuro que la tarjeta CV, vuelva a llmplar y replta el
proceso de CV.
SI el segundo pafio humedo no arroja resultados positives, espere 1 hora o
hasta que las superficies esten secas y llmple con un pafio desechable de
limpieza bianco cargado con electrlcldad estatlca, dlsenado para ser
utlllzado en superficies dlficlles de llmplar. Asi se completara la
verificacion de la limpieza.
Despues de la inspeccion visual, debe realizarse una de dos actividades. Un renovador certificado debe realizar una
verificacion de limpieza u otros profesionales certificados deben realizar un examen de aprobacion. Los pasos del
procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza se explican a continuation.
Antepechos de las ventanas
Con un pafio de limpieza desechable humedo, limpie toda la superficie del antepecho de cada ventana en el
area de trabajo.
Limpie las encimeras y los pisos
Limpie toda la superficie de cada encimera y piso sin alfombrar dentro del area de trabajo con panos de limpieza
desechables humedos. Los pisos deben limpiarse utilizando un sistema de limpieza humedo que incluya un
dispositive de largo alcance con una cabeza en donde se pueda colocar un pafio de limpieza desechable
humedo. El pafio debe permanecer humedo todo el tiempo que se use para limpiar el piso.
Si la superficie de una encimera o de un piso dentro del area de trabajo mide mas de 40 pies cuadrados, la
superficie del area de trabajo se debe dividir en secciones relativamente iguales que midan menos de 40 pies
cuadrados cada una. Limpie cada seccion de superficie separadamente utilizando un nuevo pafio de limpieza
desechable humedo.
Interprete el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.
Compare cada pafio que representa una seccion de superficie especffica con la tarjeta de verificacion de
limpieza. Si el pafio que se uso para limpiar cada seccion de superficie del area de trabajo esta igual o mas
claro que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, quiere decir que esa seccion de superficie se ha limpiado
adecuadamente.
Si el pafio esta mas oscuro que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, vuelva a limpiar esa seccion de la
superficie y, posteriormente, utilice un nuevo pafio de limpieza desechable humedo para limpiar la seccion de
superficie. Si el pafio esta igual o mas claro que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, quiere decir que esa
seccion de superficie se ha limpiado adecuadamente.
Si el segundo pafio no es igual y no es mas claro que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, vuelva a limpiar la
superficie y espere 1 hora o hasta que la superficie se haya secado completamente (lo que tome mas tiempo).
Luego, limpie la seccion de superficie con un pafio desechable de limpieza bianco cargado con electricidad
estatica, disefiado para ser utilizado en superficies diffciles de limpiar. El procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza se habra completado ahora y se considerara que la superficie esta limpia.
Cuando se haya completado la verificacion de limpieza en todas las superficies del area de trabajo (incluidos los
antepechos de las ventanas), se pueden quitar los letreros de advertencia.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-6: Examen de aprobacion referente al polvo
Comente los siguientes casos, en los que se puede requerir un examen de aprobacion
referente al polvo (Codigo de Regulation Federal 745.227(e) (8), parte 40) en lugar del
procedimiento de verification de limpieza:
El HUD exige un examen de aprobacion referente al polvo despues de realizar ciertos
tipos de trabajo en viviendas de interes que reciben ayuda federal para la vivienda.
Pregunte si la propiedad recibe ayuda federal. De ser asf, pregunte si se exige un
examen de aprobacion.
En algunos estados, la ley exige que una persona capacitada o certificada Neve a cabo
un examen de aprobacion. Debe informarse de las leyes relativas a los examenes de
aprobacion y el trabajo de renovacion en su estado y localidad.
En algunos casos, el propietario puede solicitar que se tomen muestras con panos de
limpieza de polvo para buscar peligros relacionados al plomo y garantizar que la
limpieza fue eficaz. Si sigue las tecnicas de limpieza descritas anteriormente, debe ser
capaz de pasar las pruebas de aprobacion.
Enfatice que una vez que comienza el examen de aprobacion, si no pasa la aprobacion,
debe seguir el ciclo al volver a limpiar, realizar la inspection visual y tomar pruebas con
panos de limpieza de polvo hasta que los resultados de estos ultimos cumplan con las
normas de aprobacion que rigen el trabajo.
6-7
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Diapositivas 6-6
Examen de aprobacion referente al
polvo
Se puede realizar un examen de aprobacion referente al
polvo en lugar de una verificacion de limpieza.
Quienes pueden realizar un examen de aprobacion
son: un inspector de plomo certificado. un evaluador
de riesgos o un tecnico en muestreo de polvo.
En el caso de que no se pase el examen de
aprobacion, la empresa de renovacion debe volver a
limpiar el area de trabajo hasta que los estandares de
polvo cumplan con los estandares estatales,
territoriales, tribales y locales.
&ERA
Examen de aprobacion (pruebas de aprobacion referentes al polvo) - Opcional segun la regla RRP
Se pueden realizar pruebas de aprobacion referente al polvo para verificar la efectividad de las
limpiezas. La aprobacion es una opcion segun la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintado de la EPA
y, en muchos casos, es un requisite de la regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo (HUD, por
sus siglas en ingles).
Las pruebas aprobacion referente al polvo se realizan para verificar la efectividad de las limpiezas.
En algunos casos, se pueden requerir estas pruebas como parte de la "aprobacion" (proceso definido
por el reglamento para garantizar que un area de trabajo no este contaminada con polvo de plomo
despues de completar un trabajo). No se necesita realizar una verificacion de limpieza si se requieren
pruebas de aprobacion referente al polvo al finalizar una renovacion. En esos casos, las pruebas de
aprobacion referente al polvo solo las puede realizar un inspector de plomo certificado, un evaluador
de riesgos o tecnico de muestreo de polvo. Se requiere que la empresa renovadora certificada vuelva a
limpiar el area de trabajo hasta que los niveles de polvo de plomo en el area de trabajo cumplan los
estandares de la aprobacion. Algunas leyes estatales, locales y tribales pueden requerir un examen de
aprobacion despues de un trabajo de renovacion y remodelacion, a niveles distintos de los estandares
de permiso federales. La seleccion de una CV o de un examen de parobacion se basaran en los
requisites normativos o en el contrato de renovacion.
La aprobacion es un requisite para muchas propiedades anteriores a 1978 que
reciben asistencia federal para la vivienda. La agenda que administra la asistencia
puede programar el examen de aprobacion. La persona que realice este examen debe
ser independiente de la empresa de renovacion que realice el trabajo. Consulte con su
cliente o comuniquese con la agenda que administre la asistencia a la propiedad para
averiguar si se necesitara un examen de parobacion al terminar el trabajo y quien la
programara. Recuerde: si la propiedad no pasa la aprobacion, sera necesario volver a
limpiar la unidad y realizar otro examen de aprobacion. En algunos casos, el costo de
volver a limpiar y realizar un examen de aprobacion adicional sera responsabilidad del
contratista. Una buena limpieza la primera vez ahorrara tiempo y dinero
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-7: Requisites de limpieza exterior
El proposito principal de la limpieza despues de un trabajo de renovacion exterior es no
dejar que el polvo se propague mas alia del area de trabajo. La atencion debe centrarse
especfficamente en las areas a las que los ninos tienen acceso. Esto incluye el suelo sin
cubrir, las areas de juego, los porches exteriores y los antepechos exteriores de las
ventanas.
Inspecciones siempre visualmente mas alia del area de trabajo. Recoja y deseche todas las
cascaras de pintura, el polvo y los escombros que encuentre.
6-8
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Diapositivas 6-7
Requisites de limpieza de
exteriores
Limpie todas las superficies en el area de trabajo hasta que
no hayan polvo, escombros ni residues visibles.
Elimine el polvo y los escombros sin dispersarlos y
sellelos en bolsas plasticas de alta resistencia.
Quite la lamina plastica protectora y rocie agua en ella
antes de doblarla (el lado sucio hacia adentro).
Verifique su trabajo.
Concentrese en areas como los antepechos de
ventanas, suelo sin cubriry areas dejuegos para ninos.
Busque polvo, escombros y cascaras de pintura.
&ERA p
Trabajos exteriores especfficos
En el caso que el trabajo se realice en una escalera o en un porche exterior, debe utilizer una aspiradora aprobada
por HEPA, hacer una limpieza humeda con un trapeador, ademas de realizar una meticulosa inspeccion visual.
Para estos trabajos, la limpieza puede ser similar a la que se realize en trabajos interiores. Recoja y elimine todo el
polvo y los escombros con el resto de sus desechos.
Recuerde
El suelo contaminado con plomo puede envenenar a los ninos.
Evite rastrillar y palear en seco, y dispersar el polvo. Sin embargo, es apropiado rastrillar y palear el suelo si este
se ha rociado con agua previamente.
Uso de laminas protectoras
Recoja el polvo y los escombros en la lamina, y coloquelos en bolsas plasticas.
Rocfe agua en la lamina, doble el lado sucio hacia adentro y elimine como desecho. Esto es particularmente
importante, debido a que no limpiara el suelo con posterioridad. Recuerde que usted es responsable de que no
queden polvo ni escombros.
El renovador certificado debe inspeccionar el plastico despues de limpiar, en busqueda de polvo y escombros.
Recuerde que el renovador certificado debe certificar que el area de trabajo se haya limpiado apropiadamente al
finalizar el trabajo.
Las laminas protectoras se deben eliminarcomo desecho.
Inspeccion visual
Se debe realizar una meticulosa inspeccion visual del area de trabajo, despues de cualquier trabajo en exteriores.
Todas las cascaras de pintura, astillas y otros escombros visibles del area de trabajo se deben recoger y eliminar
con el resto de sus desechos.
Centre su inspeccion visual en areas como los porches exteriores, areas dejuego del exterior, suelos y terrenes
sin cubrir, y antepechos de ventanas, pero no ignore otras areas.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-8: Exterior - Verifique la eficacia de la limpieza
Comente por que es necesaria una inspection visual para comprobar la limpieza.
Mediante la inspection visual se comprueba que no haya polvo y escombros visibles e
incluye todas las partes del area de trabajo, las areas no cubiertas por las laminas
protectoras y las areas 2 pies fuera de la contention.
6-9
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Diapositivas 6-8
Exterior-Verifique la eficacia de
la limpieza
Inspeccion visual
Un renovador certificado debe realizar una inspeccion visual
despues de cualquier limpieza.
Determina si existen polvo o escombros visibles en el area de
trabajo y mas alia de sus limites.
En caso de que encuentre polvo o escombros, recoja y elimine
todas las cascaras de pintura, el polvo y los escombros que se
identifiquen durante la inspeccion visual.
Despues de volver a limpiar, el renovador certificado debe
realizar otra inspeccion visual.
Despues de que se hayan aprobado todas las areas, se pueden
quitar los letreros de advertencia.
&EPA
Verificacion del trabajo
La parte mas importante de la verification de su limpieza despues de un trabajo en exteriores es una
meticulosa inspeccion visual. Debe recoger y eliminar todas las cascaras de pintura, astillas y
escombros que se encuentren durante la inspeccion visual.
La inspeccion visual debe realizarse despues de completar la limpieza, para verificarsu trabajo.
El renovador certificado debe realizar la inspeccion visual para determinarsi existe la presencia de
polvo, escombros o residues en el area de trabajo o bajo ella, lo que incluye los antepechos de
ventanas y el suelo.
Si hubiese polvo o residues, limpie nuevamente y repita la inspeccion visual.
Los letreros de advertencia se pueden quitar despues de aprobar una inspeccion visual.
Permisos para trabajos en exteriores. Para aprobar permisos de trabajos en exteriores, el
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo necesita solo una evaluation visual del area de
trabajo. No se necesitan pruebas de polvo ni de suelo. Si usted sigue los procedimientos que
se ensenan en este curso, cumplira con los requisites del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-9: Desechado
Disponga de bolsas y cintas adhesivas listas para la demostracion, si decide hacerla, y para la
actividad practica obligatoria.
Los desechos se deben almacenar en un area segura para evitar que los ninos las abran y
se expongan al polvo con plomo.
Comente los metodos para tratar las aguas residuales.
Las aguas residuales producidas durante el trabajo de limpieza con trapeador, limpieza
humeda o rociado de agua no se deben verier en el fregadero o en la tina (porque los
contaminaran), en el patio o en el desague de aguas pluviales.
Antes de desecharlas, las aguas residuales debe filtrarse a traves de un filtro con un
capacidad de filtrado de partfculas de 5 micras o mayores, de acuerdo con los reglamentos
estatales y locales de aguas residuales.
Si los reglamentos locales lo permiten, las aguas residuales se pueden verter en el inodoro.
Si no esta permitido por los reglamentos locales, es posible que deba contener y hacer una
prueba del agua, ademas de comunicarse con la empresa de tratamiento de desechos para
que le ayuden en el desechado. Su autoridad local de tratamiento de aguas puede ayudarle
a tomar esta decision.
Sepa siempre cuales son los reglamentos federales, estatales y locales con respecto al
desechado de las aguas residuales.
Todos los desechos se deben manipular con precaution y sellar en bolsas plasticas de alta
resistencia.
No llene las bolsas en exceso. Los escombros de renovacion son pesados y, en caso de
llenar las bolsas en exceso, estas se pueden romper y lesionar a los trabajadores.
Las empresas certificadas deben conocer todos los componentes de los desechos
producidos en la obra y el metodo adecuado de desechado. Repetimos, sepa siempre
cuales con los reglamentos federales, estatales y locales con respecto a la elimination de
desechos.
6-10
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Diapositivas 6-9
Eliminacion
iQue debo hacercon mis desechos?
En la obra:
Coloque los desechos en bolsas plasticas de
alta resistencia.
Aplique un sello cuello de cisne a la bolsa con
cinta para conductos.
Elimine cuidadosamente los desechos de V, ,
acuerdo con los reglamentos federales y otros
que correspondan.
Limpie el exterior de la bolsa de desperdicio
con una aspiradora aprobada por HEPA antes
de sacarla del area de trabajo.
Acumule los desechos en un area segura.
&EPA
En la obra
Recoja siempre todos los desperdicios en la obra y en el area de trabajo, coloquelos en una bolsa y
sellela. Limpie el exterior de las bolsas de desperdicio con una aspiradora aprobada por HEPA o con
un pano antes de sacarlas del area de trabajo. No lleve sus desperdicios a otra habitation o area antes
de envolverlos en una bolsa ysellarla. Acumule todos los desechos en un recipiente o contenedorde
escombros seguro, hasta su eliminacion. Limite el tiempo de almacenamiento en la obra. No transporte
los desperdicios en un camion abierto o en un vehiculo personal. Algunos ejemplos de desperdicios
son las laminas protectoras, los filtros aprobados por HEPA, cascaras de pintura, polvo, agua sucia,
panos usados, cabezas de trapeador usadas, prendas de vestir protectoras, mascarillas de respiration
usadas y componentes arquitectonicos. Los componentes arquitectonicos que son demasiado grandes
como para colocar en bolsas se deben envolver en plastico y sellar con cinta antes de sacarlos del
area de trabajo. Si es necesario, utilice "bolsas dobles" para depositar sus desechos y evitar que se
escapen en caso de que la bolsa se corte o se rasgue.
Aguas residuales
Las aguas que se utilizaron durante la limpieza se deben filtrar y verier en un inodoro, si asi lo permiten
las reglas locales. No vierta nunca estas aguas en un sumidero, tina, desague de aguas pluviales ni en
el suelo. En el caso que pueda existir una contamination de plomo (como cascaras de pintura y polvo)
en el agua, tal vez sea necesario filtrar las aguas residuales con un filtro de 5 micra. Para mayor
informacion, consulte con su autoridad local de tratamiento de aguas y en los reglamentos
federales y estatales.
Elimine siempre las aguas residuales de acuerdo con los reglamentos federales. estatales v
locales.
El Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo recomienda que si los componentes de
construction se reciclan o venden, los que se hayan pintado se deben lavar antes de su
reinstalacion. Si no se lavan los componentes, nunca se debieran reinstalar en una vivienda.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-10: Desechado - Informacion federal, estatal y local
La elimination de desechos esta regulada conforme a la Ley de Conservation y
Recuperation de Recursos (RCRA, por sus siglas en ingles) y diversas leyes y reglamentos
locales.
Algunos desechos generados a partir del trabajo con plomo cumplen con la definition de
"desechos peligrosos" porque son toxicos, corrosives, combustibles o explosives. Por lo
tanto, es importante que los contratistas separen los desechos en categorfas, que
probablemente sean peligrosos y no peligrosos. Algunos ejemplos de desechos peligrosos
son las cascaras de pintura, escombros de aspiradora, lodo o desechos qufmicos de
decapantes y filtros HEPA.
Los generadores de menos de 220 libras de desechos por obra al mes estan exentos de los
reglamentos de elimination de desechos federales y de la mayorfa de los reglamentos
estatales.
Muchos estados tienen reglamentos mas estrictos que los requisites federales. En
consecuencia, es importante que los contratistas sepan cuales son sus obligaciones
conforme a estas leyes y reglamentos.
Debe saber siempre cuantos desechos genera por obra al mes.
El sitio Web de la EPA tiene enlaces a information de los estados sobre la elimination de
desechos solidos y peligrosos en http://www.epa.qov/epawaste/wyl/stateproqrams.htm.
En un memorandum a los asesores superiores de polfticas de RCRA y las regiones de EPA
1 a 10, con fecha 31 de julio de 2000, la Oficina de desechos solidos de la EPA establecio
que los desechos domesticos de pintura a base de plomo se pueden eliminar como basura
domestica sujeta a los reglamentos estatales aplicables. Para obtener mas information,
consulte el Apendice 8 y el sitio Web de la EPA en www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/fslbp.htm.
Aunque la EPA considere que los desechos de pintura a base de plomo generados
comunmente durante las renovaciones y pintura residenciales son desechos domesticos,
algunos estados no han adoptado esta interpretation. Hasta que los estados adopten la
interpretation de la EPA, pueden seguir regulando los desechos de pintura a base de
plomo como posiblemente peligrosos, si se generan en cantidades lo suficientemente
grandes.
6-11
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Diapositivas 6-10
Eliminacion - Informacion federal,
estatal y local
De acuerdo con la ley federal:
En las viviendas: Los desperdicios se deben eliminar
como desechos domesticos normales.
En instalaciones no residenciales habitadas por ninos:
Si los desperdicios superan las 220 Ib, los escombros
se deben considerar como peligrosos.
jVerifique siempre los requisites locales!
&ERA p
Problemas con la eliminacion de desechos
Debido a que la EPA considera la mayorfa de las renovaciones y remodelaciones residenciales como
"mantenimiento residencial de rutina", los desechos que se generan durante estas actividades estan
clasificados como desechos solidos no peligrosos y se deben llevar a un vertedero de desechos solidos.
Esto no es aplicable para instalaciones comerciales. publicas u otras instalaciones no residenciales
ocupadas por ninos.
En el caso que usted genere algun desecho peligroso, debe determinar si genera mas de 220 libras de
desechos peliqrosos mensuales porobra. Si tiene menos de 220 libras mensuales por obra, trate sus
desechos como si fueran desechos solidos y no peliqrosos. Si genera mas de 220 libras de desechos
peligrosos, debe comunicarse con sus autoridades estatales y locales para averiguar como eliminar estos
desechos apropiadamente.
Algunos ejemplos posibles de desechos peligrosos son: cascaras de pintura; escombros de aspiradora;
lodo o desechos qufmicos de las maquinas extractoras y; filtros aprobados por HEPA.
Algunos ejemplos posibles de desechos no peligrosos pueden ser: prendas de vestir desechables; filtros
de mascarillas de respiracion; alfombrados; laminas protectoras y; componentes solidos sin pintura
descascarada.
Todos los desechos se deben sellar en bolsas plasticas de alta resistencia y se deben manipular con
precaucion.
Los componentes arquitectonicos grandes se deben envolver y sellar con laminas plasticas para luego
eliminarlos junto con otros desechos.
Verifique siempre los requisitos federales. estatales v locales antes de eliminar los desechos. Alqunos
estados han promulqado requisitos de qestion v eliminacion de desechos mas estrictos que los
reqlamentos federales. Debe averiquar como los requisitos federales. estatales v locales afectan la
qestion v eliminacion de desechos de renovacion en su area.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-11: Ejercicio: Procedimiento de limpieza y verificacion de la
limpieza
Prepare este ejercicio por adelantado:
Tenga listos las herramientas y los artfculos adecuados. Las herramientas y los artfculos
necesarios incluyen baldes, trapeadores, agua, detergente, una aspiradora HEPA, panos,
laminas plasticas, bolsas plasticas, panos de limpieza desechables y tarjetas de verificacion de
limpieza. Consulte los conjuntos de destrezas N° 7 y 11 para conocer una lista completa de
materiales y artfculos.
Necesitara tener acceso a agua.
Espolvoree cada area de trabajo con almidon de mafz o talco para bebes para simular
polvo.
Consulte los conjuntos de destrezas N° 7 y 11 a continuation y el Apendice 6 para obtener
una lista de las destrezas que los asistentes deben practicar.
Vane el color y tipo de las superficies del area de trabajo si es posible.
Al realizar este ejercicio:
Indique a los asistentes que permanezcan en sus grupos.
Circule mientras trabajen, para cerciorarse de que el trabajo se realice de manera correcta.
Gufelos cuanto sea necesario para corregir cualquier comportamiento incorrecto.
Deles una advertencia de cinco minutos.
Cuando se acabe el tiempo para cada conjunto de destrezas, dfgales que se detengan.
Apeguese al horario.
Opcion
Tambien puede realizar este ejercicio de limpieza mas adelante en el curso, como parte de un
modulo practice mas amplio e integral, segun se describe en la planificacion de clase 2 en la
Nota para el instructor sobre como usareste programa de estudios en la introduction. El
modulo practice integral combina los componentes practices de los modules 4, 5 y 6.
Nota: En algunas instalaciones de capacitacion, como hoteles, puede que no tenga acceso a
agua en la sala de capacitacion. En estos casos, indique a los asistentes paso a paso del
proceso, practicando el orden de los pasos: uso de la aspiradora HEPA, lavado con balde de
dos lados, limpieza desde arriba hacia abajo, etc. Como demostracion de lo diffcil que es
limpiar el polvo, considere espolvorear almidon de mafz o talco para bebes en una mesa y
experimente con distintos metodos para limpiarlo: pala y escoba, aspiradora HEPA, pano
humedo, etc.
6-12
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Diapositivas 6-11
Ejercicio: Procedimiento de limpieza y
verificacion de la limpieza
Trabaje en grupos de 2 a 6 personas.
Tareas:
Conjunto de destrezas N 7: Limpieza final interior
Conjunto de destrezas N 8: Limpieza final exterior
Conjunto de destrezas N 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas
Conjunto de destrezas N 10: Inspeccion visual
Conjunto de destrezas N 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza
Seleccione las herramientas y los suministros que
necesite para limpiar el area de trabajo.
Limpie su area de trabajo.
Tiene 40 minutos.
&ERA p
Ejercicio: Limpieza y verificacion de limpieza
Este ejercicio le brinda una oportunidad para demostrar las tecnicas de limpieza, evaluacion visual, verificacion de
limpieza y recogida apropiada de desechos en bolsas. Esta diapositiva brinda una instruccion
basica.
Permanezcan en su grupo de 2 a 6 alumnos, en su area de trabajo.
Seleccionen las herramientas correctas. Algunas de las herramientas disponibles son baldes, trapeadoras,
agua, detergente, aspiradoras aprobadas por HEPA, panos, laminas plasticas, bolsas plasticas, cinta, etc.
Elimine el polvo.
Deposite los desechos en bolsas.
Verifique su trabajo.
Verifique la limpieza.
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 7: Limpieza final de interiores
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva para conductos
Aspiradoras HEPA con accesorios y una barra sacudidora electrica
Pulverizador de jardfn
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Balde para trapeador de dos lados con escurridora (o equivalente); cabezas
desechables del trapeador; trapeador con mango largo en donde se puedan colocar los
panos de limpieza desechables; o un sistema de limpieza humedo.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para limpiar el area de trabajo interior despues de terminar el trabajo y antes de la inspeccion
visual y procedimiento de verification de limpieza o examen de aprobacion.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles que
deben intentar limpiar completamente todo el polvo y escombros visibles del area de trabajo
y que este actividad sera revisada. Recuerdeles que se puede alcanzar este nivel de
limpieza, pero que requiere de atencion y ejecucion cuidadosas.
El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la limpieza del
area de trabajo. Enfatice a los alumnos que no existen atajos para aprobar la inspeccion
visual.
Los equipos de protection personal recomendados durante las actividades de limpieza
final constan de un conjunto de overoles, guantes y zapatos desechables.
Si la lamina plastica no esta en su lugar debido a ejercicios previos, coloque laminas
plasticas en el piso o alfombra.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno seguir los pasos en la siguiente pagina.
Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se
necesita mas practica. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado
correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como
"Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda al
conjunto de destrezas N° 7 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 7: Limpieza final de interiores
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 7: Limpieza final de interiores - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Envuelva y selle, o coloque en bolsas todos los componentes y otros materiales
grandes, y luego retfrelos del area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Limpie la lamina plastica con una aspiradora HEPA (este procedimiento no es
obligatorio, pero es mas rapido que limpiar el polvo y los escombros a mano). Rocfe
agua en la lamina plastica y doble el lado sucio hacia adentro. Selle los bordes de la
lamina plastica plegada con cinta adhesiva o coloquela en una bolsa plastica de alta
resistencia. Deseche la lamina protectora.*
Paso 3: Retire todos los desechos del area de trabajo y coloquelos en recipientes de
desechos adecuados.*
Paso 4: Limpie todas las superficies dentro del area de trabajo y en un espacio de 2 pies mas
alia de esta area hasta que no quede polvo ni escombros. Comience a limpiar desde
la parte superior de las paredes en direction al piso, use una aspiradora HEPA o una
toalla humeda en todas las superficies de las paredes del area de trabajo. Limpie con
una aspiradora HEPA todas las superficies restantes del area de trabajo, incluidos
muebles y accesorios. Use el accesorio para tapiz y limpie las superficies de las
ventanas y la herramienta para fisuras en los bordes de las paredes. Use la
aspiradora HEPA con una barra sacudidora para limpiar la alfombra. Trabaje desde
el extremo mas alejado del area de trabajo hacia la entrada, asegurandose de no
pisar las areas que ya se limpiaron.*
Paso 5: Luego, limpie todas las superficies y objetos restantes del area de trabajo, salvo las
superficies alfombradas y tapizadas, con toallas de limpieza humedas desechables.
Trapee tambien los pisos que no tienen alfombras con un sistema de limpieza de dos
baldes o un sistema de limpieza humedo. Trabaje desde el extremo mas alejado del
area de trabajo hacia la entrada, asegurandose de no pisar las areas que ya se
limpiaron. Para las areas alfombradas, Neve a cabo una segunda pasada con la
aspiradora HEPA con la barra sacudidora en lugar de limpiar con una toalla de
limpieza humeda.*
Paso 6: Si la propiedad esta regulada por el HUD, repita el paso 4 para las paredes,
encimeras y pisos y luego siga con el paso 7. De lo contrario, continue con el paso 7.
Paso 7: Despues de finalizar los procedimientos de limpieza, revise su trabajo. Lleve a cabo
una inspeccion visual detenida del area de trabajo en busca de polvo y escombros
visibles. Si encuentra polvo y escombros visibles, repita los pasos 4 y 5, segun sea
necesario, para asegurarse de que no queden residues y vuelva a revisar su trabajo
con una inspeccion visual completa del area. Cuando no detecte residues de ningun
tipo, continue con el paso 8.*
Paso 8: Notifique al renovador certificado a cargo del proyecto que el area de trabajo esta
lista para la inspeccion visual.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 7: Limpieza final de interiores
2 of 2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 8: Limpieza final de exteriores
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de protection)
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Linterna.
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Aspiradora HEPA con accesorios
Balde para trapeador de dos lados con escurridora (o equivalente); cabezas
desechables del trapeador; trapeador con mango largo en donde se puedan colocar los
panos de limpieza desechables; o un sistema de limpieza humedo.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para limpiar el area de trabajo exterior despues de terminar el trabajo y antes de la inspection
visual (si es necesario) y procedimiento de verification de limpieza o examen de aprobacion.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles que
deben intentar limpiar todo el polvo y escombros visibles del area de trabajo y que este sera
revisado. Recuerdeles que se puede alcanzar este nivel de limpieza, pero que requiere de
atencion y ejecucion cuidadosas.
El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la limpieza del
area de trabajo. Enfatice a los alumnos que no existen atajos para aprobar la inspection
visual.
Los equipos de protection personal recomendados durante las actividades de limpieza
constan de un conjunto de overoles, guantes y zapatos desechables.
Si la lamina plastica no esta en su lugar debido a ejercicios previos, coloque laminas
plasticas en el piso o alfombra.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno seguir los pasos en la siguiente pagina.
Haga correcciones y sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se
necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a medida que
trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser "Competentes".
Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, luego que todos hayan completado correctamente los
elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del
registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 8 y al
nombre del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 8: Limpieza final de exteriores
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 8: Limpieza final de exteriores - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Envuelva y selle, o coloque en bolsas todos los componentes y otros materiales
grandes, y luego retfrelos del area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Limpie la lamina plastica con una aspiradora HEPA (este procedimiento no es
obligatorio, pero es mucho mas rapido que limpiar el polvo y los escombros a mano).
Rocfe agua en la lamina plastica y doble el lado sucio hacia adentro. Selle los bordes
de la lamina plastica con cinta o coloquela en una bolsa plastica de alta resistencia.
Elimine la lamina plastica.*
Paso 3: Retire todos los desechos del area de trabajo y coloquelos en recipientes de
desechos adecuados.*
Paso 4: Limpie todas las superficies del area de trabajo y de los espacios a 2 pies alrededor
de esta, hasta que no quede polvo, escombros ni cascaras de pintura.*
Procedimiento de limpieza sugerido para superficies exteriores que se pueden
limpiar: Comience a limpiar desde la parte superior de las paredes en direction al
piso, con una aspiradora HEPA o con una toalla humeda por todas las superficies
que se puedan limpiar en el area de trabajo, incluidos muebles y accesorios. Use la
aspiradora HEPA con el accesorio para tapiz para las ventanas y la herramienta para
fisuras en las paredes. Trabaje desde el extremo mas alejado del area de trabajo
hacia la entrada, asegurandose de no pisar las areas que ya se limpiaron.
Paso 5: Despues de finalizar la limpieza, revise su trabajo. Lleve a cabo una inspeccion visual
detenida del area de trabajo en busca de polvo, escombros o cascaras de pintura
visibles sobre las superficies diffciles de limpiar y busque los mismos desechos en el
suelo debajo de la lamina protectora del area de trabajo. Si encuentra polvo o
escombros, vuelva a limpiar y revise nuevamente su trabajo con una inspeccion
visual completa del area de trabajo. Cuando no detecte desechos de ningun tipo,
continue con el paso 6.*
Paso 6: Notifique al renovador certificado a cargo del proyecto que el area de trabajo esta
lista para la inspeccion visual.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 8: Limpieza final de exteriores
2 of 2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Laminas plasticas usadas y equipo de protection personal usado (de los ejercicios
anteriores)
Polvo y escombros (de los ejercicios anteriores)
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Aspiradora HEPA con accesorios
Cinta adhesiva para conductos
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para depositar en bolsas los desechos y aplicar el sello de cuello de cisne a estas ultimas,
envolver trozos grandes de escombros y eliminar los desechos del area de trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe demostrar la tecnica correcta del sello de
cuello de cisne a las bolsas de desechos.
Carrera de relevos para la recogida de desechos en bolsas: Este ejercicio puede
realizarse como una carrera de relevos. Divida a los alumnos en grupos y haga que
cada miembro seleccione una bolsa de desechos, que la cargue con material simulado,
aplique el sello de cuello de cisne, aspire el exterior de la bolsa y la entregue como
finalizada en el area de almacenamiento simulada. Esto permitira que los instructores
observen la competencia en el metodo de cierre de bolsas y aplicacion de la tecnica de
cuello de cisne; ademas sera una forma entretenida de aprender para los alumnos.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada estudiante efectuar el sello de cuello de cisne en
una bolsa de desechos. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Cuando el alumno haya completado exitosamente todos los elementos
requeridos del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro de
progreso del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 9 y al nombre del
alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Nota: Este ejercicio requiere que los materiales de desecho generados durante los
ejercicios se almacenen en bolsas sin sellar o en laminas de plastico.
Procedimiento de cuello de cisne para bolsas de desechos:
Paso 1: Cada alumno debe recibir una bolsa de desechos y colocar materiales en su interior,
los cuales se eliminaran como desechos simulados. No llene las bolsas en exceso.
Paso 2: Tome con una mano el extreme abierto de la bolsa justo debajo de la abertura.*
Paso 3: Tuerza la bolsa de modo que el cuello de esta gire en la misma direction y forme una
columna de 8 a 10 pulgadas.*
Paso 4: Pliegue la columna torcida sobre si misma, de forma similar a como cuando pliega
una manguera para cortar el paso de agua.*
Paso 5: Tome el cuello plegado de la bolsa con una mano y enrolle cinta adhesiva alrededor
de el para asegurar el plegado en su lugar.*
Paso 6: Ahora enrolle la cinta alrededor de 2 a 3 pulgadas desde la parte superior del pliegue,
varias veces, de modo que la bolsa no pueda abrirse. El cuello de la bolsa luce como
el cuello de un cisne plegado sobre si mismo (sello de cuello de cisne).*
Paso 7: Use la aspiradora HEPA para eliminar el polvo que provenga del interior de la bolsa.
Traslade las bolsas fuera del area de trabajo al contenedor de desechos adecuado.*
Envoltura de trozos qrandes de escombros:
Paso 1: Corte un trozo de plastico, de modo que con el pueda envolver los escombros que se
van a eliminar.*
Paso 2: Cuando esten envueltos en plastico, aplique cinta adhesiva a las juntas del paquete.*
Paso 3: Enrolle cinta alrededor del ancho del paquete en tres puntos para evitar que se
desenrede.*
Paso 4: Use la aspiradora HEPA para retirar el polvo del exterior del paquete y trasladar los
escombros envueltos fuera del area de trabajo al contenedor de desechos
adecuado.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas
2 of 2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 10: Inspeccion visual
Tiempo: 5 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Cubrezapatos desechables
Linterna
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para llevar a cabo una inspection visual del area de trabajo antes de realizar el procedimiento
de verification de limpieza.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles que
deben tratar de verificar que se haya limpiado todo el polvo y escombros visibles del area
de trabajo. Recuerdeles que se puede alcanzar este nivel de limpieza, pero que requiere de
atencion y ejecucion cuidadosa. Leales la siguiente nota.
Nota para los alumnos: Si se va a realizar un examen de aprobacion, el renovador
certificado tiene que realizar de todas formas la inspection visual antes de llevar a cabo el
examen de aprobacion de dos partes. El examen de aprobacion consta de una inspection
visual separada y una prueba de toalla de limpieza del polvo. El examen de aprobacion de
dos partes es efectuado por un inspector de plomo certificado, evaluador de riesgos de
plomo certificado o tecnico en muestreo de polvo certificado.
Demostracion: El instructor de curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la
aprobacion visual del area de trabajo. Enfatice a los alumnos que no existen atajos para
aprobar la inspection visual.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno llevar a cabo una inspection visual y
escuche a medida que senalen problemas que deban resolverse. Los alumnos deben
completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada
alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios
del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso
del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 10 y al nombre del alumno en
particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 10: Inspeccion visual
Iof2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 10: Inspeccion visual - continuacion
Practica de destrezas:
Paso 1: Coloquese cubrezapatos desechables, de modo que no saque ni ingrese polvo ni
escombros al area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Encienda todas las luces disponibles en el area de trabajo. Lleve consigo una linterna
de luz blanca para asegurarse de contar con una iluminacion adecuada.*
Paso 3: Busque sistematicamente en cada superficie horizontal del area de trabajo,
avanzando desde el punto mas alejado de la entrada sin recorrer sus pasos.
Acerquese a las superficies que inspeccione.*
Nota: Recuerde que esta es una inspeccion visual, pero en la verificacion de limpieza
se limpiara el polvo con una toalla para realizar una comparacion con la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza. Si sospecha que hay una superficie sucia, haga que la
vuelvan a limpiar con un pano humedo nuevo.
Paso 4: En caso de que encuentre polvo o escombros visibles, vuelva a limpiar el area de
trabajo y repita el paso 3.*
Paso 5: Cuando haya inspeccionado cuidadosamente todas las superficies y no haya
encontrado polvo ni escombros, continue con el procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza del conjunto de destrezas N° 11.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Conjunto de destrezas N° 10: Inspeccion visual
2 of 2
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza
Tiempo: 15 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Talco para bebes o almidon de mafz
Cubrezapatos desechables
Linterna
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza; cada alumno tomara y guardara una
Panos de limpieza desechables, de color bianco y cargados de manera electrostatica,
disenados para limpiar superficies duras
Trapeador con mango largo, disenado para toallas de limpieza humedas
Cinta metrica
Reloj de pared o pulsera
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos correctos
para llevar a cabo el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.
El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la realization
del procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno llevar a cabo el procedimiento de
verificacion de limpieza y escuche a medida que senalen problemas que deban ser
solucionados. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado
correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como
"Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda al
conjunto de destrezas N° 11 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza
I of 3
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Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Cuando ingrese en el area de trabajo, coloquese cubrezapatos desechables, de
modo que no saque ni ingrese polvo ni escombros al area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Encienda todas las luces disponibles en el area de trabajo. Asegurese de tener la
iluminacion necesaria.*
Para los antepechos de las ventanas:
Paso 3: Con los guantes puestos, limpie cada antepecho de ventana del area de trabajo con
una toalla de limpieza blanca y humeda.*
Paso 4: Compare la toalla de limpieza con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza. Si la primera
toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion, el antepecho de
la ventana esta limpio; siga con el paso 6. Si la primera toalla de limpieza no es igual
ni mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, vuelva a limpiar
el antepecho de la ventana y repita el paso 3 y luego siga con el paso 5 (omita este
paso).*
Paso 5: Compare la segunda toalla de limpieza con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza. Si la
segunda toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion de
limpieza, el antepecho de la ventana esta limpio; siga con el paso 6. Si la segunda
toalla de limpieza no es igual ni mas blanca (no mas clara) que la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza, espere una hora o hasta que la superficie humeda se seque
(para propositos de este ejercicio no debera esperar). Luego, vuelva a limpiar la
superficie con un pano de limpieza seco, bianco, cargado con electricidad estatica
desechable disenado para uso en superficies diffciles de limpiar. El antepecho de la
ventana estara limpio y habra finalizado el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.*
Para pisos y encimeras:
Paso 6: Con los guantes puestos, limpie cada piso o encimera del area de trabajo con una
toalla de limpieza blanca y humeda. Para los pisos, use un trapeador con mango
largo disenada para contener una toalla de limpieza. Para los pisos, limpie no mas de
40 pies cuadrados con cada toalla. Para las encimeras, limpie la superficie completa
de la encimera hasta 40 pies cuadrado con cada toalla.*
Paso 7: Compare cada toalla de limpieza de piso y encimera con la tarjeta de verificacion de
limpieza. Si la primera toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de
verificacion, el piso o la encimera estan limpios. Si la primera toalla no es igual ni mas
blanca (no mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, vuelva a limpiar la
seccion del piso o de la encimera, limpie la seccion del piso o encimera con una
toalla humeda limpia y repita el paso 6 para dicha seccion y siga con el paso 8 (omita
este paso).*
Paso 8: Compare la segunda toalla de limpieza del piso o encimera con la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza. Si la segunda toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara) que la
tarjeta de verificacion, la seccion del piso o de la encimera se ha limpiado
correctamente. Si la segunda toalla de limpieza no es igual ni mas blanca (no mas
clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion, espere una hora o hasta que se seque la
superficie humeda (para este ejercicio no debera esperar). Luego, vuelva a limpiar la
superficie con un pano de limpieza seco, bianco, cargado con electricidad estatica
desechable disenado para uso en superficies diffciles de limpiar. La seccion del piso
o encimera estara limpia y habra finalizado el procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza.*
Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza
2 of 3
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Paso 9: Cuando la verificacion de limpieza muestre que todas las areas se han
limpiado correctamente, retire los letreros y las barreras crfticas de los
alrededores del area de trabajo.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente"
Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza
3 of 3
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 6 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 6-12: Ahora ya saben...
Revise la siguiente diapositiva con los alumnos para recordarles lo que aprendieron durante
este modulo.
6-13
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Diapositivas 6-12
Ahora ya saben...
Como limpiar el area de trabajo sistematicamente.
Como verificar la efectividad de la limpieza.
Como realizar una inspeccion visual del area de
trabajo.
Como realizar el procedimiento de verificacion de la
limpieza.
Como preparar el area de trabajo para las pruebas de
aprobacion.
Como eliminar los desechos de manera apropiada.
&EPA
La informacion de la diapositiva anterior resume los temas que se abordaron en este modulo.
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Modulo 7: Administracion de Registros
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Descripcion general de este modulo: La siguiente tabla resume el contenido y los
metodos de ensenanza de este modulo. Es para su propia referenda. No trate este
punto con los asistentes.
Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
20 minutos
7-1: Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
7-2: Registros del lugar de trabajo
7-3: Administracion de registros: Registros
educacionales previos a la renovacion
7-4: Confirmation de muestra del recibo de
Renovar correctamente
7-5: Administracion de registros: Capacitacion
para el trabajador no certificado
7-6: Administracion de registros: Informes del
equipo de pruebas
7-7: Administracion de registros: Informes
posteriores a la renovacion
7-8: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Los registros
deben estar completos,
exactos y organizados.
Notas: Este modulo
corresponde a una charla.
Los asistentes averiguaran
que registros deben
conservar.
Preparation para este
modulo: Revise los materiales
con anticipation, para
familiarizarse con ellos.
Diapositiva 7-1: Modulo 7: Administracion de registros
El proposito de este modulo es ensenar al renovador certificado y a los gerentes
de la empresa certificada, la forma de mantener los registros obligatorios del
trabajo y determinar los registros que se deben conservar.
Anuncie el modulo y pase rapidamente a la siguiente diapositiva.
7-1
-------
Diapositivas 7-1
Modulo 7: Administracion de
registros
Descripcion general:
En esta seccion obtendra informacion
acerca de los registros gue se reguieren
para cada trabajo.
Los registros se deben conservar y
poner a disposicion de la EPA, cuando
lo solicite, durante 3 anos despues de
finalizar la renovacion.
&ERA
El lenguaje de la regla RRP es:
"Las empresas que realicen renovaciones deben conservar todos los registros necesarios para demostrar el
cumplimiento y ponerlos a disposicion de la EPA, en caso que lo solicite... durante tres anos despues de finalizar la
renovacion".
El Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo (HUD, por sus siglas en ingles) tambien tiene un requisite de
retencion de registros de 3 anos para los anuncios, las evaluaciones y los informes de permiso o
reduccion de plomo (Codigo de Regulacion Federal 24 35.175).
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 7-2: Registros del lugar de trabajo
Comente los temas a tratar de manera breve.
Enfatice que las copias del certificado de capacitacion del renovador certificado y
la certification de la empresa certificada, al igual que la documentation de
capacitacion para trabajadores no certificados (si corresponde), se deben
conservar en la obra cuando se trabaja en viviendas de interes o instalaciones
ocupadas por ninos, donde se altera la pintura a base de plomo, o aquella que se
cree que contiene plomo. Asegurese de que los alumnos comprendan que se
debe conservar el resto de los documentos que aquf se indican, pero no se
deben conservar en la obra.
7-2
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Diapositivas 7-2
Registros del lugar de trabajo
Copias de la empresa certificada y certificaciones del renovador
certificado (se deben conservar en la obra).
Cuando se utiliza un kit de pruebas reconocido por la Agenda de
Proteccion Ambiental (EPA, por sus siglas en ingles), se pueden
realizar pruebas de la pintura a base de plomo.
Comprobante de educacion del propietario u ocupante antes de la
renovacion.
Certificacion de renuncia voluntaria por parte del propietario u
ocupante, cuando estos califican y deciden renunciar
voluntariamente a los requisites de las practicas de trabajo
seguras con el plomo.
Documentacion de capacitacion para el trabajador no certificado
(se debe conservar en la obra).
&EPA »!
La empresa certificada debe designar (por escrito) un renovador certificado para que sea responsable de
cada trabajo de renovacion en viviendas de interes o en instalaciones habitadas por nines. Esta es la persona
correcta para organizar y conservar los registros del lugar de trabajo durante el trabajo. En el lugar de trabajo, los
registros se deben conservar en un lugar seguro, limpio y seco. Luego que finalice el proyecto, se pueden completar
algunos registros con otros registros de la empresa, mientras que puede que otros se deban trasladar al siguiente
lugar de trabajo.
Registros que se deben conservar en el lugar se incluyen:
Copia de las certificaciones de la empresa y de los renovadores certificados.
Documentacion de capacitacion para el trabajador no certificado.
Registros que se deben conservar para documentar el trabajo:
Copia de las certificaciones de la empresa y de los renovadores certificados.
Documentacion de capacitacion para el trabajador no certificado.
Designacion de un renovador certificado en el trabajo.
La informacion y los resultados de uso de los kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA que proporciono un
renovador certificado, que actuo como representante de la empresa certificada en la obra y que realize
pruebas para encontrar la presencia de pintura a base de plomo en las superficies que se veran afectadas
por la renovacion.
Los informes de inspeccion de pintura a base de plomo que proporciona un inspector de plomo certificado o
un evaluador de riesgos del plomo certificado, si corresponde.
Comprobante de educacion del propietario u ocupante antes de la renovacion
Certificacion de renuncia voluntaria por parte del propietario u ocupante, cuando estos califican y deciden
renunciar voluntariamente a los requisites de las practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo.
Cualquier otro documento firmado y con fecha del propietario o los residentes, sobre como llevar a cabo la
renovacion y los requisites en la regla RRP de la EPA.
Todos los informes requeridos de la empresa certificada y del renovador certificado segun la regla RRP de
la EPA.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 7-3: Administracion de registros: Registros educacionales
previos a la renovacion
Comente los temas a tratar de manera breve.
7-3
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Diapositivas 7-3
Administracion de registros:
Registros educacionales previos a la
renovacion
En viviendas de interes - Unidades individuales:
Debe obtener un comprobante de recibo por escrito, por parte de un ocupante adulto o
un comprobante de entrega/entrega insatisfactoria de Renovar correctamente, o:
Comprobante de recibo por escrito de Renovar Correctamente por parte del propietario
o un comprobante de correo (si es por correo, envielo 7 dias antes de la renovacion).
En viviendas de interes - Areas comunes (Dos opciones):
Proporcione notificaciones por escrito a cada unidad afectada y ponga a disposition un
folletode Renovar Correctamente en casoque lo soliciten; o:
Conserve copias o fotografias de los letreros y anuncios que se instalen.
En instalaciones habitadas por ninos
Comprobante de recibo por escrito de Renovar correctamente, por parte del propietario
o un comprobante de correo requerido (si es por correo, envielo 7 dias antes de la
renovacion).
Conserve el comprobante de recibo por parte del propietario o un representante adulto,
ocertifique por escrito que se entregoel folleto Renovar correctamentese a la
instalacion.
Conserve copias o fotografias de los letreros y anuncios que se instalen.
SEPA
Ademas de los requisites anteriores, conserve todos los registros de la actividades educacionales previas a
la renovacion que contengan informacion sobre lo siguiente:
En viviendas de interes - Unidades individuales:
Cuando se intento tomar contacto con el propietario y los habitantes.
Comprobante por escrito del momento en que se realizaron los contactos.
En viviendas de interes -Areas comunes:
Documentacion de cuando y a quien se enviaron las notificaciones por escrito de cada unidad afectada.
Que avisos se publicaron, cuando y donde lo hicieron.
En instalaciones habitadas por ninos:
Cuando se intento tomar contacto con el propietario y los habitantes.
Comprobante por escrito del momento en que se realizaron los contactos.
Si se contacto con el propietario o el representante adulto de la instalacion habitada por ninos y cuando se
hizo el contacto.
Que avisos se publicaron, cuando y donde lo hicieron.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 7-4: Confirmacion de muestra del recibo de Renovar
correctamente
Repase la diapositiva y los materiales en las tres paginas siguientes.
7-4
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Diapositivas 7-4
Confirmacion de muestra del recibo
de Renovar correctamente
U He recibido una copia del folleto, Renovar correctamente: Information importante
para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro del
plomo.
Firma del destinatario: Nombre en letras de imprenta: Fecha: / /
Opcion de autocertificacion (solo para viviendas habitadas porarrendatarios): Si se
entrego el folleto sobre el plomo pero no se obtuvo la firma del arrendatario, puede marcar la casilla
correspondiente a continuation.
U Negativa para firmar.
J No disponible para firmar.
Recopile la siguiente informacion:
Nombre en letras de imprenta y firma de la persona que certifica la entrega del folleto sobre el plomo.
Fecha y hora de la entrega del folleto sobre el plomo.
Direccion de la unidad.
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Ejemplo de formulario future anterior a la renovacion
Este ejemplo de formulario puede ser utilizado por las empresas para documentar el cumplimiento de los
requisites del Programa Federal de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo a partir de
abrilde2010.
Confirmacion del ocupante
Recibo del folleto
He recibido una copia del folleto sobre el plomo informandome sobre el posible riesgo de la exposicion al
plomo resultante de actividades de renovacion que se realizaran en mi vivienda. He recibido este folleto
antes de comenzar el trabajo.
Reconocimiento de no participacion del propietario-ocupante
(A) Confirmo que soy propietario y residente de esta vivienda, que no hay nifios menores de 6 afios que
residan aqui, que no hay mujeres embarazadas que residan aqui y que esta vivienda no es un centra
ocupado por nifios.
Nota: Un nino reside en la residencia primaria de sus padres, tutores legales, padres de crianza o cuidador
informal si vive y duerme la mayor parte del tiempo en la residencia del cuidador.
Nota: Un centra ocupado por nifios es un edificio construido antes de 1978 visitado con regularidad por el
mismo nino, menor de 6 afios de edad, al menos dos dias por semana, por 3 horas como minimo cada dia,
siempre y cuando las visitas sumen en total al menos 60 horas por aho.
Si selecciono la casilla A, marque la B o la C, pero no ambas.
(B) Solicito que la empresa de renovacion emplee las mismas normas laborales para trabajar de una manera
segura con el plomo requeridas por el Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base
de Plomo de la EPA; o
(C) Entiendo que la empresa que realiza la renovacion no tendra que emplear las normas laborales para
trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo requeridas por el Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y
Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo de la EPA.
Nombre del propietario - ocupante (en letra de imprenta)
Firma del propietario - ocupante Fecha de firma
Opcion de autocertificacion del renovador (solamente para viviendas con inquilinos)
Instrucciones para el renovador: Si el folleto sobre el plomo se entrego pero no se pudo obtener la firma de
un inquilino, puede marcar la casilla correspondiente abajo.
Se nego a firmar - Certifico que he realizado un esfuerzo de buena fe por entregar el folleto sobre el
plomo a la vivienda de alquiler mencionada abajo en la fecha y hora indicadas, y que el ocupante se nego a
firmar el acuse de recibo. Asimismo, certifico que he dejado una copia del folleto en la vivienda con
el ocupante.
No estaba disponible para firmar - Certifico que he realizado un esfuerzo de buena fe por entregar el
folleto sobre el plomo a la vivienda de alquiler mencionada abajo y que el ocupante no estaba disponible
para firmar el acuse de recibo. Asimismo certifico que he dejado una copia del folleto en la unidad
deslizandola por debajo de la puerta o (escriba como dejo el folleto).
Nombre de la persona que certifica haber intentado la entrega (en letra de imprenta)
Fecha del intento de entrega
Firma de la persona que certifica haber entregado el folleto sobre el plomo
Direccion de la unidad
Nota sobre la opcion de envfo por correo Como alternativa a la entrega en persona, puede enviar el folleto
sobre el plomo por correo al propietario e/o inquilino. Debe enviarlo con una antelacion minima de 7 dias a la
renovacion. El envfo debe ser documentado con un certificado de envfo por correo de la oficina de correos.
25
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Ejemplo de formularies (continuacion)
Aviso de renovacion Para notificara inquilinos sobre las renovaciones en areas comunes de
viviendas multifamiliares.
Las siguientes actividades de renovacion se llevaran a cabo en estos lugares:
Actividad (ej.: lij'ado, sustitucion de ventanas)
Lugar (ej.: vestibulo, centro de recreo)
La fecha anticipada de comienzo es y la fecha anticipada de terminacion es
. Puesto que se trata de un edificio construido antes de 1978, parte de la pintura alterada
en la renovacion puede contener plomo. Puede obtener una copia del folleto, Remodelar correctamente,
llamandome al . Por favor, deje un mensaje incluyendo su nombre, numero de
telefono y direccion. Le enviare un panfleto por correo o lo deslizare por debajo de su puerta.
Fecha Nombre del renovador (en letra de imprenta)
Firma del renovador
Registro de procedimiento de notificacion de inquilinos Ejemplo de lista futura de registro de
renovaciones
Direccion del proyecto
Calle (n° de apt.)
Ciudad Estado
Codigo postal
Propietario de viviendas multifamiliares
N° de unidades de vivienda
Metodo de entrega de formularios de aviso (ej.: entrega a unidades, a buzones de unidades)
Nombre de la persona que entrega los formularios de aviso
Firma de la persona que entrega los formularios de aviso Fecha de entrega
27
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 7-5: Administracion de registros: Capacitacion para el
trabajador no certificado
Comente los temas a tratar de manera breve.
7-5
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Diapositivas 7-5
Administracion de registros:
Capacitacion para el trabajador no
certificado
Nombre del trabajador.
Descripcion de las practicas laborales
seguras con el plomo que el trabajador esta
capacitado para realizar.
Listas de verificacion de evaluacion de
destrezas completas y firmadas.
Fechas de capacitacion.
Nombre y firma del renovador certificado que
realize la capacitacion.
&EPA I
Documentacion de capacitacion para los renovadores no certificados
El renovador certificado que realize la capacitacion para el trabajador no certificado debe documentar la informacion
ensenada a cada persona sobre capacitacion y las competencias del conjunto de destrezas que alcanzaron. Esta
capacitacion se puede realizar en una sala de clases con actividades practicas o actividades en el trabajo simuladas.
La documentacion puede variar para cada persona en capacitacion, ya que no todos ellos pueden asignarse para
realizar todas las practicas laborales seguras con el plomo; ademas, solo se necesita que la capacitacion sea
especffica para cada tarea.
Para simplificaresta documentacion, su manual de capacitacion incluye un formulario que se puede adapter para
documentar la capacitacion practice y relacionada con el tema para trabajadores no certificados (consulte el
Apendice 6).
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 7-6: Administracion de registros: Informes del kit de pruebas
Comente los temas a tratar de manera breve.
7-6
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Diapositivas 7-6
Administracion de registros:
Informes del equipo de pruebas
Si se utiliza un kit de pruebas reconocido por la
EPA para probar superficies en el area de trabajo, la
empresa debe:
Enviar un informe a la persona que contrata el trabajo en un plazo
de 30 dias despues del fin de la renovacion, que contenga:
El fabricante y el modelo del kit de pruebas reconocido por la
EPA.
Una descripcion de los componentes probados.
La ubicacion de los componentes probados.
Los resultados de las pruebas.
Conserve una copia del formulario de documentacion del kit de
pruebas
&EPA MI
Revision de pintura a base de plomo con los kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA:
Visite www.epa.gov para ver una lista de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA.
Se debe inspeccionar cada componente que se renovara o que tendra un impacto por la renovacion. Si se
encuentra que todas las superficies carecen de pintura a base de plomo, no se aplicara la regla RRP.
Si un conjunto de componentes afectados conforman un conjunto completo (tales como una huella o una
contrahuella de una unica escalera; o el marco, el elfeizer, la pena, el travesano o el canal de la ventana de un
sistema de marco de ventana), entonces solamente se debe probar uno de los componentes individuales de
ese conjunto.
Kits de prueba reconocidos por la EPA:
Hasta el 1 de septiembre de 2010, la EPA solo exigira el uso de equipos de prueba que determinen que no hay
pintura con base a plomo presente en las superficies probadas. Si no hay cambio de color, no se requieren
practices laborales seguras con el plomo. Si se produce un cambio de color, aunque el cambio no signifique
con certeza que hay pintura a base de plomo presente, se debe suponer que la superficie esta revestida con
pintura a base de plomo.
Para contar con el reconocimiento de la EPA despues del 1 de septiembre de 2010, el kit de prueba debe
poder identificar la pintura a base de plomo. Para entonces, un resultado positive significara que hay pintura a
base de plomo presente en el revestimiento y que se deben seguir las practices laborales seguras con el plomo
cuando se altere superficie. Un resultado negative en la prueba significa que no se necesitan practices
laborales seguras con el plomo. Es posible que estos equipos esten disponibles en septiembre de 2009.
Si el indicador positive del equipo de pruebas esta presente en cualquiera de las superficies inspeccionadas,
se deben utilizer las practices leboreles segures con el plomo. O bien, el muestreo lo puede Never a cebo un
inspector de plomo certificedo o un eveluedor de riesgo, pere comprober mediente enelisis de leboretorio que
no heye pinture a base de plomo presente.
Los renovedores certificedos deben user un kit de pruebes reconocido por le EPA pere prober les superficies
efectedes. Los kits de pruebes reconocidos por le EPA esten en une liste en el sitio Web de EPA www.epe.gov.
Informes:
Cuendo se utilizen equipos de pruebes, en un plezo de 30 dies despues de heber completedo le renovecion, le
emprese de renovecion certificede debe proporcioner le informecion relecionede con los febricentes y modelos
de los equipos de pruebes; une descripcion de los componentes inspeccionedos, incluides les ubiceciones; y
los resultedos de les pruebes, el cliente que contreto le renovecion.
Conserve une copie del formulerio de documentecion del equipo de pruebes.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 7-7: Administracion de registros: Informes posteriores a la
renovacion
Comente los temas a tratar de manera breve.
La "Lista de verification de la administration de registros para la futura
renovacion de muestra" se incluye en el Apendice 4 y se puede acceder en Ifnea
en: http://epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovation.htmtfcontractors.
7-7
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Diapositivas 7-7
Administracion de registros:
Informes posteriores a la renovacion
Al final de cada renovacion, el renovador certificado debe firmar
un informe que incluya lo siguiente:
Nombre del renovador certificado asignado para liderar el proyecto.
Copia de las certificaciones del renovador certificado.
Certificacion por parte de un renovador certificado sobre la
capacitacion del trabajador no certificado y una lista de los temas
abordados.
Certificacion de la instalacion de letreros de advertencia.
Descripcion de las pruebas locales de sustancias quimicas, si se
realizaron.
Certificacion por parte del renovador certificado de la contencion del
area de trabajo, la contencion y el transports de desechos del lugar,
la limpieza correcta del area de trabajo posterior a la renovacion y la
verificacion de una buena limpieza.
Informe de aprobacion, si se realize.
Informes posteriores a la renovacion
El fin del informe de renovacion debe describirel proyecto completo, desde la instalacion de letreros hasta la
verificacion o aprobacion de limpieza. El informe debe indicar el renovador certificado que designo la empresa
certificada, como responsable de las practices laborales seguras con el plomo en dicho proyecto. Tambien debe
incluir el comprobante de Certificacion del renovador certificado designado. Ademas, debe incluir una declaration
firmada del renovador certificado que abarque las siguientes areas:
Comprobante de capacitacion para el trabajador no certificado;
Comprobante de la instalacion de sefiales de advertencia;
Descripcion de los resultados del uso de kits de pruebas locales de sustancias quimicas reconocidos por la EPA;
Descripcion de la contencion del area de trabajo;
Descripcion de la contencion y transporte de los desechos del lugar;
Comprobante de la correcta limpieza del area de trabajo posterior a la renovacion;
Registros de inspecciones o evaluaciones de riesgos realizadas por el inspector de plomo certificado o el
evaluador de riesgos, si corresponde.
Comprobante de verificacion de buena limpieza.
Si se realize el muestreo de la aprobacion con respecto al polvo en lugar de la verificacion de limpieza,
proporcione una copia del informe de muestreo de polvo a la persona que contrato la renovacion, en un plazo de
30 dfas a partir de la finalizacion de la renovacion (consulte el Codigo de Regulation Federal 40 745.86(d)).
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Ejemplo de lista futura de registro de renovaciones
(en efecto a partir de abril de 2010)
Nombre de la empresa:.
Fecha y lugar de la renovacion:.
Breve descripcion de la renovacion:.
Nombre del renovador asignado:
Nombre(s) del/de los trabajador(es) capacitado(s), si se emplean:,
Nombre del tecnico de muestras de polvo, inspector o asesor de riesgos, si se emplea:.
Copias de las calificaciones del renovador y del tecnico de muestras de polvo (certificados de capacitacion,
acreditaciones) archivadas.
El renovador acreditado brindo capacitacion a los trabajadores sobre
(marque todas las aplicables):
Como colocar rotulos de advertencia Como poner barreras de contencion de plastico
Como mantener la contencion Como evitar que se transmita polvo a zonas adyacentes
Como manejar los desechos Limpieza despues de la renovacion
Kits de pruebas utilizados por el renovador acreditado para determinar si existia plomo en los componentes
afectados por la renovacion (identifique los kits utilizados y describa los lugares de muestra y los resultados):
Rotulos de advertencia colocados a la entrada de la zona de trabajo.
Area de trabajo contenida para evitar el escape y diseminacion de polvo y restos
Todos los objetos en el area de trabajo retirados o cubiertos (interiores)
Conductos de HVAC en el area de trabajo cerrados y cubiertos (interiores)
Ventanas en el area de trabajo cerradas (interiores)
Ventanas en y dentro de 20 pies de distancia del area de trabajo cerradas (exteriores)
Puertas en el area de trabajo cerradas y selladas (interiores)
Puertas en y dentro de 20 pies de distancia del area de trabajo cerradas y selladas (exteriores)
Puertas que deben utilizarse en el area de trabajo cubiertas para permitir el paso pero para evitar la transmision
de polvo
Pisos en el area de trabajo cubiertos con plastico sujeto con cinta adhesiva (interiores)
Suelo cubierto por plastico extendido a 10 pies del area de trabajo - plastico sujeto al edificio y anclado con
pesos (exteriores)
Si es necesaria, contencion vertical instalada para evitar la transmision de polvo y restos a instalaciones
contiguas (exteriores)
. Contencion de desechos en el lugar y mientras se transportan fuera del lugar.
. Lugar de trabajo limpiada correctamente despues de la renovacion
Pintura y restos recogidos, proteccion rociada, doblada con el lado sucio hacia adentro y sujeta con cinta adhesiva
para retirarla del area
Superficies y objetos del area de trabajo limpiados con un aspirador HEPA y/o pahos o trapeadores
humedos (interiores)
El renovador acreditado realize la verificacion de limpieza posterior a la renovacion (describir los resultados,
incluyendo el numero de pahos humedos y secos usados):
Si se realize una prueba de aprobacion de polvo, adjunte una copia del informe
Certifico bajo juramento que la informacion anterior es cierta y completa.
Nombre y cargo Fecha
29
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 7 Notas del instructor
9 de febrero
Diapositiva 7-8: Ahora ya saben...
Realice un debate breve sobre la diapositiva.
7-8
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Diapositivas 7-8
Ahora ya saben...
Que deben tener los siguientes registros en el lugar de trabajo:
Capacitacion de renovadores certificados y no certificados.
Certificaciones para la empresa certificada y los renovadores
certificados.
Que deben conservar todos los registros al menos 3 anos
despues de finalizar la renovacion.
Que deben conservar registros de:
Capacitacion y Certificaciones de todo el personal de
renovacion y la certificacion de la empresa.
Distribucion de la informacion obligatoria.
Comunicaciones con los propietarios y los residentes,
ademas de sus Certificaciones.
Actividades de trabajo que cumplan con la regla.
Informes posteriores a la renovacion.
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Modulo 8: Capacitacion para Renovadores
no Certificados
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Descripcion general de este modulo: Como referenda, la siguiente tabla resume el
contenido y los metodos de ensenanza para este modulo. No trate este punto con los
asistentes.
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no certificados
40 minutos
8-1: Modulo 8: Capacitacion para
renovadores no certificados
8-2: La ensenanza de practices de
trabajo seguras con el plomo significa:
8-3: Funcion del renovador certificado
8-4: Funcion de los renovadores
capacitados pero no certificados
8-5: Pasos para la ensenanza de
seguridad con el plomo en los trabajos de
renovacion
8-6: Use la gufa de "Pasos"
8-7: Paso 1: Determine si el trabajo
comprende pintura a base de plomo
8-8: Paso 2: Organfcelo de forma segura
8-9: Paso 2: Organfcelo de forma segura
(continuation)
8-10: Paso 3: Protejase
8-11: Paso 4: Controle la propagation del
polvo
8-12: Paso 5: Deje limpia el area de
trabajo
8-13: Paso 6: Controle los desechos
8-14: Paso 7: Verification o pruebas de
aprobacion de limpieza
8-15: Documentation de Capacitacion
8-16: Ahora ya saben...
Mensaje clave: Los renovadores
certificados ensenan las practicas de
trabajo seguras con el plomo a los
renovadores no certificados.
Notas: Enfatice que esta Capacitacion
pretende dar a los renovadores
certificados las herramientas y
destrezas necesarias para efectuar la
Capacitacion de "caja de
herramientas" en la obra o la
Capacitacion en aula para
renovadores no certificados. Toda la
Capacitacion debe apuntar
principalmente a que los alumnos
aprendan a efectuar las tareas
necesarias para que se puedan
desempenar como renovadores no
certificados en el lugar de trabajo. Se
deben enfatizar particularmente las
destrezas practicas y las actividades
de practicas laborales seguras con el
plomo utilizando el maximo posible
de instruction practica.
Preparation para este modulo:
Revise los materiales para
familiarizarse con ellos.
Diapositiva 8-1: Modulo 8: Capacitacion para renovadores no certificados
Notas para el instructor:
Anuncie el modulo y pase rapidamente a la siguiente diapositiva.
Revise el objetivo de este modulo:
Permitir que renovadores certificados ensenen de manera eficaz la forma de usar
las practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo a trabajadores no certificados durante
el trabajo de renovacion, reparacion y pintura en viviendas de interes e instalaciones
habitadas por ninos.
8-1
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Diapositivas 8-1
Modulo 8: Capacitacion para
renovadores no certificados
Los renovadores certificados
ensehan las practices de trabajo
seguras con el plomo a los
renovadores no certificados.
vvEPA
La regla RRP requiere que usted, el renovador certificado, sea responsable de la instruccion de los renovadores
no certificados.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-2: La ensenanza de practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo
significa:
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-2
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Diapositivas 8-2
La ensehanza de practices de
trabajo seguras con el plomo
siqnifica:
Capacitar a los trabajadores para que utilicen apropiadamente
los letreros, las barreras de polvo, las practicas de trabajo que
minimicen el polvo y las practicas de limpieza de polvo durante
actividades de renovacion, reparacion y pintura para prevenir o
reducir la contaminacion potencialmente peligrosa por polvo con
plomo en el hogar.
Para capacitar con efectividad a los trabajadores, usted debe:
Conocer la seguridad con el plomo.
Mostrara los alumnos loquesabe.
Revise la lista de compras en Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y
pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO y tenga a mano los materiales
apropiados. FPA
^Recuerda las destrezas que aprendio durante los ejercicios de conjuntos de destrezas? Ahora las
ensenara a trabajadores no certificados para que las aprendan.
La lista de compras que se encuentra al final del apendice Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y pintura
SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO detalla los equipos y suministros que podrfa necesitar para realizar ejercicios
practices durante la capacitacion en la obra de los renovadores no certificados.
Todo lo que se presenta a continuacion tiene como objetivo asistirle en la realizacion de la capacitacion.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-3: La funcion del renovador certificado
La information de esta diapositiva se brinda para recordar a los alumnos que
desean ser renovadores certificados, que estos ultimos aparecen, segun la regla
RRP, como los responsables de ensenar las practicas seguras con el plomo a
renovadores no certificados.
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-3
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Diapositivas 8-3
Funcion del renovador certificado
Los renovadores certificados:
Realizan trabajos seguros con el plomo segun lo descrito en la
regla RRP.
Capacitan a los trabajadores no certificados en practicas seguras
con el plomo.
Son una guia constante en la obra para los trabajadores no
certificados durante la instalacion y la limpieza.
Estan disponibles por telefono en caso de no estar presentes en
la obra durante el trabajo.
Mantienen un comprobante de certificacion en la obra como
renovador certificado y los registros de capacitacion de todos
los renovadores no certificados.
&EPA i
i,Cuales son las responsabilidades de un renovador certificado? Los renovadores certificados son responsables
de garantizar el cumplimiento general de los requisites del programa de renovacion, reparacion y pintura para las
practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo en las renovaciones que tengan asignadas.
Un renovador certificado:
Debe utilizer un kit de pruebas reconocido por la EPA (cuando lo solicite la parte que contrate servicios de
renovacion) para determinar si los componentes afectados por la renovacion contienen pintura a base de
plomo (EPA anunciara que kits de pruebas reconocera antes de abril de 2010. Vea www.epa.gov/lead).
Debe capacitar a los trabajadores en practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo, para que estos trabajadores
puedan realizar con seguridad las tareas que tengan asignadas. El renovador certificado puede proporcionar
esta capacitacion en el lugar de trabajo o en un salon de clases, considerando la disponibilidad de actividades
practicas adecuadas. Esta capacitacion tambien la podrfa realizar un tercero, aunque el instructor debera ser
un renovador certificado.
Debe estar presente en la obra cuando se ubiquen los letreros de advertencia, mientras se establece la
contencion del area de trabajo y mientras se realice la limpieza del area de trabajo. (Nota: Utilice los terminos
Instalacion y Limpieza para describir este trabajo).
Debe supervisar el trabajo que realizan las personas no certificadas para garantizar que se sigan las practicas
de trabajo seguras con el plomo. Esto incluye mantener la integridad de las barreras de contencion y
asegurarse de que no se dispersen polvo ni escombros del area de trabajo.
Debe estar disponible en todo momento, en la obra o por via telefonica, durante la renovacion.
Debe realizar la verificacion de limpieza del proyecto.
Debe tener copias de sus certificados de finalizacion del curso inicial y del curso de actualizacion en la obra.
La certificacion de renovador certificado dura 5 anos. El renovador certificado debe tomar un curso de
perfeccionamiento cada 5 anos para mantener su certificacion.
Debe preparar la documentacion del trabajo que sea necesaria.
La regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura de la EPA se puede encontrar en el Codigo de Regulacion Federal 40
745.85 (a) y (b).
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-4: Funcion de los renovadores capacitados pero no
certificados
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-4
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Diapositivas 8-4
Funcion de los renovadores
capacitados pero no certificados
Los renovadores capacitados pero no certificados son personas
quetrabajan en renovacion, reparacion y pintura que han sido
capacitados en la obra o en un salon de clases por parte de un
renovador certificado, para realizar tareas cumpliendo la regla
RRP de la EPA.
Deben realizar practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo segun
lo descrito en la regla RRP:
Proteger la vivienda con una "instalacion" del area de trabajo.
Protegerse.
Realizar el trabajo de renovacion con seguridad.
No deben realizarse practicas prohibidas.
Controlarel polvoy los escombros.
Limpiar el area de trabajo.
&EPA i
Se debe realizar una capacitacion en la obra para cada trabajador y para cada trabajo, de modo que cada trabajador
este capacitado adecuadamente para las tareas que debera realizar. Esta capacitacion puede ocurrir mientras el
trabajador esta realizando trabajo productive, lo que le proporciona conocimientos y destrezas esenciales para un
desempefio completo y adecuado del trabajo. Sin embargo, el trabajo que se realice durante la capacitacion debe
cumplir plenamente con la regla RRP.
Las personas en capacitacion se beneficiaran al ver los "Pasos" para lograr la seguridad con el plomo, que se
pueden encontrar en Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO en el apendice 5
(dicho documento tambien recibe el nombre "Guia de pasos"). Contiene una lista de siete pasos de seguridad con el
plomo y se puede entregar a quienes reciban capacitacion en la obra. En la "Guia de pasos", los pasos 2 al 6
contienen informacion especffica para los trabajos que realice personal no certificado; los pasos 1 al 7 contienen
informacion respecto de las pruebas de superficies pintadas y verificacion de limpieza, que son responsabilidades de
los renovadores certificados. Ademas, el paso 7 comenta el examen de aprobacion que solo puede realizar un
inspector de plomo certificado, un evaluador de riesgos de plomo certificado y un tecnico certificado en muestreo de
polvo.
La informacion de la "Guia de pasos" se puede revisar en aproximadamente 5 minutos por paso y luego se puede
reforzar con ejercicios practices en el trabajo, como la instalacion de barreras y letreros, demostraciones de
procedimientos de limpieza, etc. Se recomienda revisar el material de la "Guia de pasos" en un formato de reunion
informativa (en la obra), con folletos para la informacion especifica que se revisara.
Es muy importante que se autorice al personal no certificado a participaren el aprendizaje practice a medida que
avance el trabajo y que se documenten los conjuntos de destrezas que aprenda cada alumno. La documentacion es
un requisite de la regla RRP para garantizar que los trabajadores no certificados reciban una capacitacion para
realizar las actividades de renovacion que les asignaron. Recuerde que la regla RRP requiere que el personal no
certificado reciba capacitacion de destrezas especificas para las tareas que realizaran en el trabajo y que la
capacitacion de cada persona se documente portema abordado en la capacitacion en la obra que se realice. La
documentacion necesaria se detallara mas adelante.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-5: Pasos para la ensenanza de seguridad con el plomo en los
trabajos de renovacion
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-5
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Diapositivas 8-5
Pasos para la ensehanza de
seguridad con el plomo en los
trabajos de renovacion
Enfoque para capacitar a renovadores no
certificados
SEPA
La capacitacion para los renovadores no certificados puede proporcionarse en una sesion que cubra los 7 pasos o la
informacion que se pueda abarcar en una serie de reuniones informativas durante varies dfas. Debe detenerse entre
5 y 10 minutos en la informacion de cada "paso" y luego realizar una capacitacion en la obra para ensenar las
destrezas que se necesitan para renovarel plomo con seguridad.
Si esta capacitacion se realize en una sala de clases, las diapositivas 8-6 a 8-15 se pueden usar para ensenar el
material que se encuentra en la gufa Pasos para la renovacion, reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON EL
PLOMO. Se incluye este documento como apendice 5 en su manual del estudiante. Utilice la gufa Pasos para la
renovacion, reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO como un folleto educative para la capacitacion de
renovadores no certificados. El folleto debe incluir, ademas, demostraciones, ejercicios practices y una lista de
verificacion de las destrezas que se desea reforzaren las "charlas informativas" o en la capacitacion en sala de
clases. Ya sea durante las "charlas informativas" o durante la instruccion en sala de clases, solicite a los
renovadores no certificados en capacitacion que consulten el folleto de capacitacion a medida que imparte la
informacion.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-6: Use la guia de "Pasos"
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-6
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Diapositivas 8-6
Use la guia de "Pasos"
-&**:
Pasos para la renovacion,
reparation y pintura SEGURAS
CON EL PLOMO abarca las
practices basicas seguras con
el plomo y se puede usar como
una guia de capacitacion fuera
del salon de clases, junto con
demostraciones en el trabajo y
capacitacion practice.
Se recomienda que esta guia
sea la base de su capacitacion.
SEPA
Antes de la capacitacion: Imprima copias de Pasos para la renovacion, reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON
EL PLOMO y entregue una copia a cada renovador no certificado que vaya a ser capacitado.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-7: Paso 1: Determine si el trabajo comprende pintura a base
de plomo
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-7
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Diapositivas 8-7
Paso 1: Determine si el trabajo
comprende pintura a base de plomo
La pintura a basede plomo (LBP, porsussiglasen ingles) se encuentra en muchas
viviendas antiguas:
Viviendas entre 1960 y 1978 -1 de cada 4 tienen LBP.
Viviendas entre 1940 y 1960 - 7 de cada 10 tienen LBP.
Viviendas anteriores a 1940 - 9 de cada 10 tienen LBP.
Una renovacion, reparacion o pintura que altere la pintura a base de plomo puede
crear grandes riesgos relacionados con la pintura a base plomo en viviendas.
Incluso una pequena cantidad de polvo de pintura a base de plomo puede
envenenaraninos, padres y mascotasy puede causar problemas en mujeres
embarazadasy en el desarrollo de sus fetos.
El renovador certificado determinara si existe pintura a base de plomo en las
superficies de trabajo.
Si no hubiese informacion disponible acerca de la pintura a base de plomo para
viviendas anteriores a 1978 o para una instalacion habitada por ninos. suponqa que
si hay pintura a base de plomo v utilice practicas de trabaio sequras con el plomo.
SEPA
Durante la capacitacion:
Revise la informacion de esta diapositiva con los alumnos renovadores no certificados mientras leen las paginas 4 y
5 de la gufa Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO.
Notas para el instructor en la obra: Esta informacion se incluye en la capacitacion en la obra, de modo que los
renovadores no certificados entiendan por que deben utilizer practicas de trabajo seguras con el plomo. No es
necesario que los renovadores no certificados determinen la presencia de pintura a base de plomo, pero deben
entender que en caso de que se compruebe su presencia, generar polvo puede causar graves problemas si no se
controla apropiadamente y con seguridad.
Mas informacion:
Revise las paginas 4 y 5 de la gufa Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y pintura SEGURAS CON EL
PLOMO.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-8: Paso 2: Organicelo de forma segura
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-8
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Diapositivas 8-8
Paso 2: Organicelo de forma segura
La contencion se usa para mantener el polvo
DENTRO del area de trabajo y a quienes no
sean trabajadores FUERA.
Los letreros y las barreras se usan para limitar
el acceso.
Trabajos de interiores comparados con
trabajos de exteriores
Revise todos los procedimientos y diferencias en lo
que se refiere a la instalacion.
&EPA i
Que hacer
Para mantener el polvo dentro y las personas fuera de su area de trabajo, tendra que realizar pasos ligeramente
diferentes para los trabajos de interiores que para los trabajos de exteriores.
Para trabajos de interiores
Ubique letreros, cintas de barrera o conos para mantener fuera del area de trabajo a quienes no sean
trabajadores (particularmente nifios). Mantenga las mascotas fuera del area de trabajo para su seguridad y
para evitar que introduzcan polvo y escombros con las patas en el interior de la vivienda.
Saque los muebles y otras pertenencias del area de trabajo. En caso de que algun elemento sea demasiado
grande o pesado como para moverlo, cubralo con laminas de plastico de alta resistencia y asegurelas en su
lugar con cinta.
Utilice laminas de plastico de alta resistencia para cubrir pisos en el area de trabajo hasta un mfnimo de 6 pies
(1.83 m) a partir del area de alteracion de la pintura. Cierre y selle las puertas y cierre las ventanas.
Cierre y cubra los respiraderos del area de trabajo. Esto impedira que el polvo entre en el sistema y se mueva
a traves de la vivienda.
Para trabajos de exteriores
Mantenga fuera del area de trabajo a quienes no son trabajadores, con letreros, cinta o conos. Solicite a los
duefios sacar sus mascotas del area de trabajo.
Cubra el suelo y las plantas con laminas de plastico de alta resistencia para atrapar escombros. La cubierta
debe extenderse al menos 10 pies mas alia del edificio. Asegure la cubierta al exterior.
Cierre las ventanas y puertas en un radio de 20 pies alrededor del area de trabajo para evitar que entre polvo
y escombros en las viviendas.
Si es posible, traslade o cubra las areas y los equipos de juegos infantiles en un radio de 20 pies alrededor del
area de trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-9: Paso 2: Organicelo de forma segura (continuacion)
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-9
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Diapositivas 8-9
Paso 2: Organicelo de forma segura
(continuacion)
Revise las instalaciones especiales para
trabajos mas "polvorientos", como:
Demoliciones.
Apertura de cavidades en paredes.
Remocion de techos falsos antiguos.
Raspado de pintura/lijado en seco a mano.
SEPA
Algunos trabajos crean mas polvo del que se puede contener con los metodos descritos en la pagina anterior. Los
renovadores certificados deben utilizar su sentido comun en cuanto a si esos metodos proporcionan una contencion
suficiente o si es necesario tomar precauciones adicionales. Algunos trabajos que suelen requerir precauciones
adicionales son:
Demoliciones.
Apertura de cavidades en paredes.
Remocion de techos falsos antiguos.
Raspado de pintura/lijado en seco a mano.
Esos trabajos requieren pasos adicionales para contener el polvo dentro del area de trabajo. Ademas de las
practices que se han mencionado hasta ahora, considere las siguientes:
Apague los sistemas de calefaccion por aire a presion y de aire acondicionado. Esto impedira que el polvo
circule a traves de la casa.
Instale una contencion vertical para limitar el tamano del area de trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-10: Paso 3: Protejase
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-10
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Diapositivas 8-10
Paso 3: Protejase
Sin el correcto equipo de proteccion personal (PPE, por sus
siglas en ingles), los trabajadores pueden ingerir e inhalar plomo
en el trabajo; ademas, pueden transportar plomo en la piel y en la
ropa de trabajo hasta sus hogares y sus familias.
Repase la "lista de compras".
Recomiende a los trabajadores que:
Se protejan los ojos.
Mantengan su ropa limpia o utilicen prendas desechables.
Utilicen una mascarilla de respiracion. Una mascarilla de
respiracion apropiada impide que entre plomo en los pulmones y
en el estomago.
Se laven cada vez que salgan del area de trabajo, particularmente
al final del dia.
&EPA i
Protejase los ojos.
Utilice siempre gafas protectoras al raspar, martillar, etc.
Utilice prendas protectoras y considere el uso de guantes.
Las prendas protectoras y los cubrezapatos son muy importantes para prevenir el traslado de plomo fuera del
area de trabajo. Tambien pueden ayudar a impedir la contaminacion de areas que ya se han limpiado durante la
limpieza final.
Mantenga limpia su ropa. Al final del dfa de trabajo, aspire el polvo de las prendas polvorientas o cambiese de
ropa. No utilice aire comprimido para "desplazar" el polvo de las prendas de vestir. Lave sus prendas de trabajo
sucias separadamente de la ropa sucia de su hogar.
Utilice una gorra de pintor para protegerse la cabeza del polvo y los escombros.
La regla RRP no exige el uso de guantes; sin embargo, ayudan a prevenir exposiciones al plomo.
Utilice una mascarilla de respiracion protectora.
Cuando el trabajo produce polvo o cascaras de pintura, los empleados deben considerar utilizar proteccion
respiratoria, como la mascarilla de respiracion N-100, para impedir que inspiren polvo con plomo.
Ubique letreros de advertencia.
Ubique un letrero de advertencia en la entrada de cada area de trabajo.
Los letreros deben decir: "Advertencia, area de trabajo con plomo, veneno, prohibido fumar o comer" para
recordar a los trabajadores que esta prohibido comer, beber y fumar en el area de trabajo.
Lavese.
Los trabajadores deben lavarse las manos y las cara cada vez que dejan de trabajar. Es particularmente
importante lavarse antes de comer y al final del dfa.
Nota: Las reglas de OSHA pueden requerir que los empleados realicen pasos adicionales para proteger la salud de
los trabajadores.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-11: Paso 4: Controle la propagacion del polvo
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-11
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Diapositivas 8-11
Paso 4: Controle la propagacion
del polvo
El objetivo es controlar la propagacion del
polvo generado.
Repase la "lista de compras".
Utilice las herramientas correctas.
Las cubiertas desechables de plastico
controlan la propagacion del polvo y los
escombros.
Evite las practicas prohibidas.
&EPA
Controle la propagacion del polvo.
Mantenga el area de trabajo aislada del resto de la vivienda.
No saque polvo ni escombros del area de trabajo.
Mantengase dentro del area de trabajo contenida y en los caminos contenidos.
Aspire los trajes al salir del area de trabajo de modo que el polvo se quede dentro de la contention.
Quitese los cubrezapatos desechables y asegiirese de que sus zapatos esten limpios utilizando
almohadillas adhesivas o toallas de papel humedas para limpiarse los zapatos cada vez que sale
de la lamina protectora.
Mantenga los componentes dentro del area de trabajo hasta que esten envueltos con seguridad en
laminas o bolsas plasticas de alta resistencia. Una vez se hayan envuelto o depositado en bolsas
plasticas, limpie el exterior con una aspiradora HEPA y saquelas del area de trabajo para
almacenarlas en un area segura, lejos de los residentes.
Lave las prendas protectoras que no sean desechables separadamente de la ropa sucia de su
familia.
No utilice practicas prohibidas, como:
Quemar pintura con llama o quitarla a alta temperatura y
Herramientas electricas (como una lijadora) sin accesorios HEPA.
La regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo tambien prohibe raspar en seco y
liiara mano en demasia, utilizar pistolas de aire caliente que calcinen la pintura y lavar la
pintura en un espacio con poca ventilation utilizando un decapante volatil. Algunos
estados, localidades o tribus pueden prohibir otras practicas de trabajo.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-12: Paso 5: Deje limpia el area de trabajo
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-12
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Diapositivas 8-12
Paso 5: Deje limpia el area de
trabajo
El objetivo debe ser dejar el area de trabajo
sin polvo ni escombros.
Repase la "lista de compras".
Comente los procedimientos diarios de
limpieza.
Comente los procedimientos de limpieza para
el final del dia de trabajo.
Recoja diariamente elementos que esten en el suelo del area de trabajo (recomendado).
Recoja mientras camina. Coloque la basura en bolsas plasticas de alta resistencia.
Aspire el area de trabajo con una aspiradora HEPA varias veces durante el dia y de todas maneras en el final
del dia. No limpie con aspiradoras domesticas. Utilice solo aspiradoras HEPA.
Limpie las herramientas en el final del dia.
Lavese las manos cada vez que saiga el area de trabajo, particularmente antes de irse a casa.
Elimine diariamente todas las prendas protectoras desechables.
Cuando se termine el trabajo, limpie el area de trabajo (obligatorio).
Retire cuidadosamente la lamina de plastico del piso, doblela (el lado con suciedad hacia dentro), selle los
bordes con cinta o coloquela en una bolsa plastica de alta resistencia y eliminela. Mantenga laminas plasticas
en las puertas y aperturas que separen el area de trabajo hasta que se considere que esta limpia.
Asegiirese de que las cascaras de pintura, el polvo, la basura y los escombros (como componentes de la
construccion) se saquen del area que se va a limpiar y se eliminen adecuadamente.
Limpie la superficie de todas las paredes con una aspiradora HEPA o con un pano humedo. Limpie las otras
superficies del area de trabajo con una aspiradora HEPA. Utilice como accesorio una barra sacudidora para
las alfombras.
Limpie con un pano humedo las demas superficies del area de trabajo y limpie con un trapeador humedo los
pisos sin alfombrar hasta eliminar el polvo y los escombros.
Inspeccione visualmente su trabajo. Revise el area de trabajo, dos pies mas alia y los caminos por los que se
transportaron los escombros. No debiera ver polvo, cascaras de pintura o escombros.
Vuelva a limpiar el area minuciosamente en caso de que encuentre polvo o escombros.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-13: Paso 6: Controle los desechos
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-13
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Diapositivas 8-13
Paso 6: Controle los desechos
Comente el procedimiento de recogida de desechos
en bolsas.
Demuestre el proceso de doblar una pequena seccion
de plastico con el lado sucio hacia dentro.
Comente el almacenamiento temporal de desechos.
Comente como manejar apropiadamente las aguas
residuales.
Comente las reglas de eliminacion de aguas que son
aplicables para el trabajo especifico.
&EPA i
Deposite sus desechos en una bolsa o envuelvalos en la obra y dentro del area de trabajo.
Recoja y controle todos sus desechos. Algunos ejemplos de desechos son el polvo, los escombros, las cascaras de
pintura, las laminas protectoras, los filtros HEPA, agua sucia, cabezas de trapeador usados, panos, ropa protectora,
mascarillas de respiracion, guantes, componentes arquitectonicos y otros desechos. Utilice laminas o bolsas de
plastico de alta resistencia para depositar los desechos. Aplique un sello cuello de cisne a la bolsa con cinta para
conductos. Considere utilizar bolsas dobles para depositar sus desechos y evitar que se rasguen. Los componentes
de gran tamafio deben envolverse en laminas protectoras y sellarse con cinta. Deposite los desechos en una bolsa y
sellela antes de sacarla del area de trabajo. Limpie el exterior de las bolsas y los paquetes de desechos con una
aspiradora HEPA antes de sacarlas del area de trabajo. Acumule todos los desechos en un recipiente o contenedor
de escombros seguro, hasta su eliminacion. Limite el tiempo de almacenamiento en la obra. Evite transporter
desperdicios en un camion abierto o en un vehfculo personal.
Elimine las aguas residuales apropiadamente.
El agua utilizada en el area de trabajo para quitar pintura o limpiar superficies se debe pasar por un filtro de 0,5
micras. No vierta nunca estas aguas en un sumidero, tina, desague de aguas pluviales ni en el suelo. Pueden
verterse en un inodoro, si asf lo permiten las reglas locales. Si no esta permitido por los reglamentos locales, es
posible que deba contener y probar el agua, ademas de comunicarse con la empresa de tratamiento de desechos
para que le ayuden con esta eliminacion. Para mayor informacion, consulte con su autoridad local de
tratamiento de aguas y en los reglamentos federales y estatales.
Informese de las reglas de eliminacion de aguas.
EPA considera la mayorfa de las renovaciones, reparaciones y pinturas residenciales como "mantenimiento
residencial de rutina". Los desechos que se generen durante estas actividades estan clasificados como desechos
solidos no peligrosos y se pueden eliminar en un vertedero ordinario. Algunos estados y localidades tienen requisites
de eliminacion de desechos mas estrictos que se deben seguir.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-14: Paso 7: Verificacion o pruebas de aprobacion de limpieza
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-14
-------
Diapositivas 8-14
Paso 7: Verificacion o pruebas de
aprobacion de limpieza
Un renovador certificado realizara la verificacion de
limpieza despues de la mayoria de las renovaciones.
El dueno puede solicitar un examen de aprobacion en
lugar de una verificacion de limpieza, y en algunos
casos es un requisite.
Comente lo que ocurre cuando se obtienen malos
resultados en una verificacion de limpieza o en un
examen de aprobacion.
&EPA i
Cuando se complete la limpieza y antes de volver a ocupar el espacio, se debe realizar un procedimiento de
verificacion de limpieza o un examen de aprobacion para garantizar que no quede polvo con plomo en el lugar. En
caso de que sea aplicable la regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo, se necesitara un examen de
aprobacion en lugar del procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza. El primer paso, tanto para la verificacion de
limpieza como para un examen de aprobacion, es una inspeccion visual del area de trabajo para determinar si se
dejo polvo o escombros en el lugar. Si se detecta la presencia de polvo o escombros en el area de trabajo, se deben
repetir la limpieza y la inspeccion visual hasta que el area de trabajo no tenga polvo ni escombros. Despues de que
se complete la inspeccion del renovador certificado, se puede realizar el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza o
el examen de aprobacion.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-15: Documentacion de capacitacion
Repase la diapositiva y las notas de los alumnos junto con los demas.
8-15
-------
Diapositivas 8-15
Documentacion de capacitacion
El renovador certificado que esta asignado al trabajo
debe manteneren la obra los siguientes registros para
la capacitacion en terreno:
Certificacion escrita de la capacitacion del trabajador:
Debe detallar que trabajadores estan cursando que capacitacion;
Debe detallar todos los temas de capacitacion que cada
trabajador abarcara; y
Debe estar firmada por el renovador certificado que realize la
capacitacion.
Toda la documentacion de la capacitacion se debe conservar
durante 3 afios despues de la finalizacion de la renovacion.
&EPA i
Cuando imparts esta "capacitacion informativa", el uso de una gufa de capacitacion, como Pasos para la renovacion,
reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO hara que la documentacion sea mas sencilla. Debe mantener una
copia de la gufa de capacitacion que se use durante la "capacitacion informativa" que realiza en la obra. Haga una
lista de cada destreza practice segura con el plomo que se impartio a cada trabajador no certificado. Una lista de las
destrezas practices que se ensenaron a cada trabajador no certificado con el material que se abordo en las
reuniones informativas, proporcionara la documentacion adecuada para cumplir con los requisites de la regla RRP.
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Practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Modulo 8 Notas del instructor
Febrero 09
Diapositiva 8-16: Ahora ya saben...
Lea la information de la diapositiva y termine el curso.
8-16
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Diapositivas 8-16
Ahora ya saben...
Que los renovadores certificados son responsables
de la capacitacion de los renovadores no certificados.
Los roles de los renovadores certificados y de los
trabajadores capacitados pero no certificados durante
una renovacion.
Como utilizar la guia Pasos para la renovacion,
reparation y pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO para
capacitar renovadores no certificados.
vvEPA iri
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Apendice 1:
Regla final de la EPA para el Programa de
Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura (Codigo
de Regulacion Federal 40, Parte 745)
de la EPA
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Tuesday,
April 22, 2008
Part II
Environmental
Protection Agency
40 CFR Part 745
Lead; Renovation, Repair, and Painting
Program; Lead Hazard Information
Pamphlet; Notice of Availability; Final
Rule
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21692
Federal Register/Vol. 73, No. 78/Tuesday, April 22, 2008/Rules and Regulations
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 745
[EPA-HQ-OPPT-2005-0049; FRL-8355-7]
RIN 2070-AC83
Lead; Renovation, Repair, and Painting
Program
AGENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: EPA is issuing a final rule
under the authority of section 402(c)(3)
of the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) to address lead-based paint
hazards created by renovation, repair,
and painting activities that disturb lead-
based paint in target housing and child-
occupied facilities. "Target housing" is
defined in TSCA section 401 as any
housing constructed before 1978, except
housing for the elderly or persons with
disabilities (unless any child under age
6 resides or is expected to reside in such
housing) or any 0-bedroom dwelling.
Under this rule, a child-occupied
facility is a building, or a portion of a
building, constructed prior to 1978,
visited regularly by the same child,
under 6 years of age, on at least two
different days within any week (Sunday
through Saturday period), provided that
each day's visit lasts at least 3 hours and
the combined weekly visits last at least
6 hours, and the combined annual visits
last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied
facilities may be located in public or
commercial buildings or in target
housing. This rule establishes
requirements for training renovators,
other renovation workers, and dust
sampling technicians; for certifying
renovators, dust sampling technicians,
and renovation firms; for accrediting
providers of renovation and dust
sampling technician training; for
renovation work practices; and for
recordkeeping. Interested States,
Territories, and Indian Tribes may apply
for and receive authorization to
administer and enforce all of the
elements of these new renovation
requirements.
DATES: This final rule is effective lune
23, 2008.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a
docket for this action under docket
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-
OPPT-2005-0049. All documents in the
docket are listed in the docket index
available in regulations.gov. To access
the electronic docket, go to http://
www.regulations.gov, select "Advanced
Search," then "Docket Search." Insert
the docket ID number where indicated
and select the "Submit" button. Follow
the instructions on the regulations.gov
website to view the docket index or
access available documents. Although
listed in the index, some information is
not publicly available, e.g., Confidential
Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Certain other
material, such as copyrighted material,
will be publicly available only in hard
copy. Publicly available docket
materials are available electronically at
http://www.regulations.gov, or, if only
available in hard copy, at the OPPT
Docket. The OPPT Docket is located in
the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC) at Rm.
3334, EPA West Bldg., 1301
Constitution Ave., NW., Washington,
DC. The EPA/DC Public Reading Room
hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding
Federal holidays. The telephone number
of the EPA/DC Public Reading Room is
(202) 566-1744, and the telephone
number for the OPPT Docket is (202)
566-0280. Docket visitors are required
to show photographic identification,
pass through a metal detector, and sign
the EPA visitor log. All visitor bags are
processed through an X-ray machine
and subject to search. Visitors will be
provided an EPA/DC badge that must be
visible at all times in the building and
returned upon departure.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For
general information contact: Colby
Lintner, Regulatory Coordinator,
Environmental Assistance Division
(7408M), Office of Pollution Prevention
and Toxics, Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,
Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone
number: (202) 5541404; e-mail address:
TSCA-Hotline@epa .gov.
For technical information contact:
Mike Wilson, National Program
Chemicals Division (7404T), Office of
Pollution Prevention and Toxics,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington,
DC 20460-0001; telephone number:
(202) 566-0521; e-mail address:
wilson .mike@epa .gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Does this Action Apply to Me?
You may be potentially affected by
this action if you perform renovations of
target housing or child-occupied
facilities for compensation or dust
sampling. "Target housing" is defined
in section 401 of TSCA as any housing
constructed prior to 1978, except
housing for the elderly or persons with
disabilities (unless any child under age
6 resides or is expected to reside in such
housing) or any 0-bedroom dwelling.
Under this rule, a child-occupied
facility is a building, or a portion of a
building, constructed prior to 1978,
visited regularly by the same child,
under 6 years of age, on at least 2
different days within any week (Sunday
through Saturday period), provided that
each day's visit lasts at least 3 hours and
the combined weekly visits last at least
6 hours, and the combined annual visits
last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied
facilities may be located in public or
commercial buildings or in target
housing. Potentially affected entities
may include, but are not limited to:
Building construction (NAICS
code 236), e.g., single family housing
construction, multi-family housing
construction, residential remodelers.
Specialty trade contractors (NAICS
code 238), e.g., plumbing, heating, and
air-conditioning contractors, painting
and wall covering contractors, electrical
contractors, finish carpentry contractors,
drywall and insulation contractors,
siding contractors, tile and terrazzo
contractors, glass and glazing
contractors.
Real estate (NAICS code 531), e.g.,
lessors of residential buildings and
dwellings, residential property
managers.
Child day care services (NAICS
code 624410).
Elementary and secondary schools
(NAICS code 611110), e.g., elementary
schools with kindergarten classrooms.
Other technical and trade schools
(NAICS code 611519), e.g., training
providers.
Engineering services (NAICS code
541330) and building inspection
services (NAICS code 541350), e.g., dust
sampling technicians.
This listing is not intended to be
exhaustive, but rather provides a guide
for readers regarding entities likely to be
affected by this action. Other types of
entities not listed in this unit could also
be affected. The North American
Industrial Classification System
(NAICS) codes have been provided to
assist you and others in determining
whether this action might apply to
certain entities. To determine whether
you or your business may be affected by
this action, you should carefully
examine the applicability provisions in
Unit III. If you have any questions
regarding the applicability of this action
to a particular entity, consult the
technical person listed underFOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
II. Background
A. What Action is the Agency Taking?
EPA is issuing a final rule under the
authority of section 402(c)(3) of the
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Federal Register/Vol. 73, No. 78/Tuesday, April 22, 2008/Rules and Regulations
21693
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to
address lead-based paint hazards
created by renovation, repair, and
painting activities (hereinafter also
referred to as renovation activities or
renovation projects) that disturb lead-
based paint in target housing and child-
occupied facilities. "Target housing" is
defined in TSCA section 401 as any
housing constructed before 1978, except
housing for the elderly or persons with
disabilities (unless any child under age
6 resides or is expected to reside in such
housing) or any 0-bedroom dwelling.
Under this rule, a child-occupied
facility is a building, or a portion of a
building, constructed prior to 1978,
visited regularly by the same child,
under 6 years of age, on at least two
different days within any week (Sunday
through Saturday period), provided that
each day's visit lasts at least 3 hours and
the combined weekly visits last at least
6 hours, and the combined annual visits
last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied
facilities may be located in public or
commercial buildings or in target
housing. This rule establishes
requirements for training renovators,
other renovation workers, and dust
sampling technicians; for certifying
renovators, dust sampling technicians,
and renovation firms; for accrediting
providers of renovation and dust
sampling technician training; for
renovation work practices; and for
recordkeeping. Interested States,
Territories, and Indian Tribes may apply
for and receive authorization to
administer and enforce all of the
elements of these new renovation
requirements.
1. Information on lead and its health
effects. Lead is a soft, bluish metallic
chemical element mined from rock and
found in its natural state all over the
world. Lead is virtually indestructible,
is persistent, and has been known since
antiquity for its adaptability in making
various useful items. In modern times,
it has been used to manufacture many
different products, including paint,
batteries, pipes, solder, pottery, and
gasoline. Through the 1940's, paint
manufacturers frequently used lead as a
primary ingredient in many oil-based
interior and exterior house paints. Usage
gradually decreased through the 1950's
and 1960's as titanium dioxide replaced
lead and as latex paints became more
widely available.
Lead has been demonstrated to exert
"a broad array of deleterious effects on
multiple organ systems via widely
diverse mechanisms of action." This
array of health effects, the evidence for
which is comprehensively described in
EPA's Air Quality Criteria for Lead
document (Ref. 1), includes heme
biosynthesis and related functions;
neurological development and function;
reproduction and physical
development; kidney function;
cardiovascular function; and immune
function. There is also some evidence of
lead carcinogenicity, primarily from
animal studies, together with limited
human evidence of suggestive
associations.
Of particular interest for present
purposes is the delineation of lowest
observed effect levels for those lead-
induced effects that are most clearly
associated with blood lead less 10 |^g/dL
in children and/or adults and are,
therefore, of greatest public health
concern (Ref. 1, at 8-60). As evident
from the Criteria Document, neurotoxic
effects in children and cardiovascular
effects in adults are among those best
substantiated as occurring at blood-lead
concentrations as low as 5 to 10 |^g/dL
(or possibly lower); and these categories
of effects are currently clearly of greatest
public health concern. Other newly
demonstrated immune and renal system
effects among general population groups
are also emerging as low-level lead-
exposure effects of potential public
health concern. (Ref. 1, at 8-60)
The overall weight of the available
evidence provides clear substantiation
of neurocognitive decrements being
associated in young children with blood
lead concentrations in the range of 5-10
micrograms per deciliter (|j,g/dL), and
possibly somewhat lower. Some newly
available analyses appear to show lead
effects on the intellectual attainment of
preschool and school age children at
population mean concurrent blood-lead
levels ranging down to as low as 2 to 8
|ig/dL. A decline of 6.2 points in full
scale IQ for an increase in concurrent
blood lead levels from 1 to 10 |^g/dL has
been estimated, based on a pooled
analysis of results derived from seven
well-conducted prospective
epidemiologic studies (Ref. 1, atE-9).
Epidemiologic studies have
consistently demonstrated associations
between lead exposure and enhanced
risk of deleterious cardiovascular
outcomes, including increased blood
pressure and incidence of hypertension.
A meta-analysis of numerous studies
estimates that a doubling of blood lead
level (e.g., from 5 to 10 |ig/dL) is
associated with 1.0 mm Hg increase in
systolic blood pressure and 0.6 mm Hg
increase in diastolic pressure. (Ref. 1, at
E-10).
Both epidemiologic and toxicologic
studies have shown that
environmentally relevant levels of lead
affect many different organ systems (Ref.
1, at E-8). Please see Ref. 1 for further
information.
The nervous system has long been
recognized as a target of lead toxicity,
with the developing nervous system
affected at lower exposures than the
mature system. While blood lead levels
in U.S. children ages 1 to 5 years have
decreased notably since the late 1970's,
newer studies have investigated and
reported associations of effects on the
neurodevelopment of children at
population mean concurrent blood lead
levels ranging down to as low as 2 to 8
Hg/dL (Ref. 1, atE-9). Functional
manifestations of lead neurotoxicity
during childhood include sensory,
motor, cognitive and behavioral
impacts. Investigating associations
between lead exposure and behavior,
mood, and social conduct of children
has been an emerging area of research
(see Ref. 1, at 6.2.6). Early studies
indicated linkages between lower-level
lead toxicity and behavioral problems
(e.g., aggression, attentional problems,
and hyperactivity) in children.
Effects of lead on neurobehavior have
been reported with remarkable
consistency across numerous studies of
various designs, populations studied,
and developmental assessment
protocols. The negative impact of lead
on IQ and other neurobehavioral
outcomes persist in most recent studies
following adjustment for numerous
confounding factors including social
class, quality of caregiving, and parental
intelligence. Moreover, these effects
appear to persist into adolescence and
young adulthood. Cognitive effects
associated with lead exposures that
have been observed in some studies
include decrements in intelligence test
results, such as the widely used IQ
score, and in academic achievement as
assessed by various standardized tests
as well as by class ranking and
graduation rates. Associations between
lead exposure and academic
achievement observed in the above-
noted studies were significant even after
adjusting for IQ, suggesting that lead-
sensitive neuropsychological processing
and learning factors not reflected by
global intelligence indices might
contribute to reduced performance on
academic tasks (Ref. 1, at 8-29).
Other cognitive effects observed in
studies of children have included effects
on attention, executive functions,
language, memory, learning and
visuospatial processing with attention
and executive function effects observed.
The evidence for the role of lead in this
suite of effects includes experimental
animal findings.These animal
toxicology findings provide strong
biological plausibility in support of the
concept that lead may impact one or
more of these specific cognitive
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Federal Register/Vol. 73, No. 78/Tuesday, April 22, 2008/Rules and Regulations
functions in humans (Ref. 1, at 8-30).
Further, lead-induced deficits observed
in animal and epidemiological studies,
for the most part, have been found to be
persistent in the absence of markedly
reduced environmental exposures. It is
additionally important to note that there
may be long-term consequences of such
deficits over a lifetime. Studies
examining aspects of academic
achievement related to lead exposure
indicate the association of deficits in
academic skills and performance, which
in turn lead to enduring and important
effects on objective parameters of
success in real life (Ref. 1, at 6-76).
Lead bioaccumulates, and is only
slowly removed, with bone lead serving
as a blood lead source for years after
exposure and may serve as a significant
source of exposure. Bone accounts for
more than 90% of the total body burden
of lead in adults and 70% in children
(Ref. 1, at 4-42). In comparison to
adults, bone mineral turns over much
more quickly in children as a result of
growth. Changes in blood lead
concentration in children are thought to
parallel more closely to changes in total
body burden. Therefore, blood lead
concentration is often used in
epidemiologic and toxicological studies
as an index of exposure and body
burden for children.
Paint that contains lead can pose a
health threat through various routes of
exposure. House dust is the most
common exposure pathway through
which children are exposed to lead-
based paint hazards. Dust created
during normal lead-based paint wear
(especially around windows and doors)
can create an invisible film over
surfaces in a house. Children,
particularly younger children, are at risk
for high exposures of lead-based paint
dust via hand-to-mouth exposure, and
may also ingest lead-based paint chips
from flaking paint on walls, windows,
and doors. Lead from exterior house
paint can flake off or leach into the soil
around the outside of a home,
contaminating children's play areas.
Cleaning and renovation activities may
actually increase the threat of lead-
based paint exposure by dispersing lead
dust particles in the air and over
accessible household surfaces. In turn,
both adults and children can receive
hazardous exposures by inhaling the
dust or by ingesting lead-based paint
dust during hand-to-mouth activities.
2. Statutory and regulatory
background. In 1992, Congress found
that low-level lead poisoning was
widespread among American children,
affecting, at that time, as many as
3,000,000 children under age 6; that the
ingestion of household dust containing
lead from deteriorating or abraded lead-
based paint was the most common cause
of lead poisoning in children; and that
the health and development of children
living in as many as 3,800,000 American
homes was endangered by chipping or
peeling lead paint, or excessive amounts
of lead-contaminated dust in their
homes. Congress further determined
that the prior Federal response to this
threat was insufficient and enacted Title
X of the Housing and Community
Development Act of 1992, Public Law
102-550 (also known as the Residential
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act
of 1992) ("the Act" or "Title X"). Title
X established a national goal of
eliminating lead-based paint hazards in
housing as expeditiously as possible
and provided a leadership role for the
Federal government in building the
infrastructure necessary to achieve this
goal.
Subsequently, President Clinton
created the President's Task Force on
Environmental Health Risks and Safety
Risks to Children. Co-chaired by the
Secretary of the Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS) and the
Administrator of EPA, the Task Force
consisted of representatives from 16
Federal departments and agencies. The
Task Force set a Federal goal of
eliminating childhood lead poisoning
by the year 2010 (Ref. 2). In October
2001, President Bush extended the work
of the Task Force for an additional 18
months beyond its original charter.
Reducing lead poisoning in children
was the Task Force's top priority.
Although more work remains to be
done, significant progress has been
made towards reducing lead poisoning
in children. The estimated percentage of
children with blood lead levels above
the CDC level of concern declined from
4.4% between 1991 and 1994 to 1.6%
between 2003 and 2004. More
information on Federal efforts to
address lead poisoning, including the
responsibilities of EPA and other
Federal Agencies under Title X, can be
found in Units III. A. and III.B. of the
preamble to the 2006 Lead; Renovation,
Repair, and Painting Program Proposed
Rule ("2006 Proposal") (Ref. 3).
The Act added a new title to TSCA
entitled "Title IV-Lead Exposure
Reduction." Most of EPA's
responsibilities for addressing lead-
based paint hazards can be found in this
title, with section402 of TSCA being one
source of the rulemaking authority to
carry out these responsibilities. TSCA
section 402(a) directs EPA to
promulgate regulations covering lead-
based paint activities to ensure persons
performing these activities are properly
trained, that training programs are
accredited, and that contractors
performing these activities are certified.
These regulations must contain
standards for performing lead-based
paint activities, taking into account
reliability, effectiveness, and safety. On
August 29, 1996, EPA promulgated final
regulations under TSCA section 402(a)
that govern lead-based paint
inspections, lead hazard screens, risk
assessments, and abatements in target
housing and child-occupied facilities
(also referred to as the Lead-based Paint
Activities Regulations). These
regulations, codified at 40 CFR part 745,
subpart L, contain an accreditation
program for training providers and
training and certification requirements
for lead-based paint inspectors, risk
assessors, project designers, abatement
supervisors, and abatement workers.
Work practice standards for lead-based
paint activities are included. Pursuant
to TSCA section 404, provision was
made for interested States, Territories,
and Indian Tribes to apply for and
receive authorization to administer their
own lead-based paint activities
programs.
On June 9, 1999, the Lead-based Paint
Activities Regulations were amended to
include a fee schedule for training
programs seeking EPA accreditation and
for individuals and firms seeking EPA
certification (Ref. 5). These fees were
established as directed by TSCA section
402(a)(3), which requires EPA to recover
the cost of administering and enforcing
the lead-based paint activities
requirements in unauthorized States.
The most recent amendment to the
Lead-based Paint Activities Regulations
occurred on April 8, 2004, when
notification requirements were added to
help EPA monitor compliance with the
training and certification provisions and
the abatement work practice standards
(Ref. 5).
Another of EPA's responsibilities
under Title X is to require that
purchasers and tenants of target housing
and occupants of target housing
undergoing renovation are provided
information on lead-based paint and
lead-based paint hazards. As directed by
TSCA section 406(a), the Consumer
Products Safety Commission (CPSC), the
Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), and EPA, in
consultation with the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
jointly developed a lead hazard
information pamphlet entitled Protect
Your Family From Lead in Your Home
("PYF") (Ref. 7). This pamphlet was
designed to be distributed as part of the
disclosure requirements of section 1018
of Title X and TSCA section 406(b), to
provide home purchasers, renters,
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21695
owners, and occupants with the
information necessary to allow them to
make informed choices when selecting
housing to buy or rent, or deciding on
home renovation projects. The pamphlet
contains information on the health
effects of lead, how exposure can occur,
and steps that can be taken to reduce or
eliminate the risk of exposure during
various activities in the home.
TSCA section 406(b) directs EPA to
promulgate regulations requiring
persons who perform renovations for
compensation in target housing to
provide a lead hazard information
pamphlet to owners and occupants of
the home being renovated. These
regulations, promulgated on June 1,
1998, are codified at 40 CFR part 745,
subpart E (Ref. 8). The term
"renovation" is not defined in the
statute, but the regulation, at 40 CFR
745.83, defines a "renovation" as the
modification of any existing structure,
or portion of a structure, that results in
the disturbance of painted surfaces. The
regulations specifically exclude lead-
based paint abatement projects as well
as small projects that disturb 2 square
feet or less of painted surface per
component, emergency projects, and
renovations affecting components that
have been found to be free of lead-based
paint, as that term is defined in the
regulations, by a certified inspector or
risk assessor. These regulations require
the renovation firm to document
compliance with the requirement to
provide the owner and the occupant
with the PYF pamphlet. TSCA section
404 also allows States to apply for, and
receive authorization to administer, the
TSCA section 406(b) requirements.
TSCA section 403 directs EPA to
promulgate regulations that identify, for
the purposes of Title X and Title IV of
TSCA, dangerous levels of lead in paint,
dust, and soil. These regulations were
promulgated on January 5, 2001, and
codified at 40 CFR part 745, subpart D
(Ref. 9). These hazard standards define
lead-based paint hazards in target
housing and child-occupied facilities as
paint-lead, dust-lead, and soil-lead
hazards. A paint-lead hazard is defined
as any damaged or deteriorated lead-
based paint, any chewable lead-based
painted surface with evidence of teeth
marks, or any lead-based paint on a
friction surface if lead dust levels
underneath the friction surface exceed
the dust-lead hazard standards. A dust-
lead hazard is surface dust that contains
a mass-per-area concentration of lead
equal to or exceeding 40 micrograms per
square foot (|ig/ft2) on floors or 250 (ig/
ft2 on interior windowsills based on
wipe samples. A soil-lead hazard is bare
soil that contains total lead equal to or
exceeding 400 parts per million (ppm)
in a play area or average of 1,200 ppm
of bare soil in the rest of the yard based
on soil samples.
TSCA section 402(c) addresses
renovation and remodeling. For the
stated purpose of reducing the risk of
exposure to lead in connection with
renovation and remodeling activities,
section 402(c)(l) of TSCA requires EPA
to promulgate and disseminate
guidelines for the conduct of such
activities that may create a risk of
exposure to dangerous levels of lead. In
response to this statutory directive, EPA
developed the guidance document
entitledReducing Lead Hazards when
Remodeling Your Home in consultation
with industry and trade groups (Ref. 10).
This document has been widely
disseminated to renovation and
remodeling stakeholders through the
National Lead Information Center, EPA
Regions, and EPA's State and Tribal
partners and is available at http://
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/rrpamph.pdf.
TSCA section 402(c)(2) directs EPA to
study the extent to which persons
engaged in various types of renovation
and remodeling activities are exposed to
lead during such activities or create a
lead-based paint hazard regularly or
occasionally. EPA conducted this study
in four phases. Phase I, the
Environmental Field Sampling Study
(Ref. 11), evaluated the amount of
leaded dust released by the following
activities:
Paint removal by abrasive sanding.
Removal of large structures,
including demolition of interior plaster
walls.
Window? replacement.
Carpet removal.
HVAC repair or replacement,
including duct work.
Repairs resulting in isolated small
surface disruptions, including drilling
and sawing into wood and plaster.
Phase II, the Worker Characterization
and Blood Lead Study (Ref. 12),
involved collecting data on blood lead
and renovation and remodeling
activities from workers. Phase III, the
Wisconsin Childhood Blood-Lead Study
(Ref. 13.), was a retrospective study
focused on assessing the relationship
between renovation and remodeling
activities and children's blood-lead
levels. Phase IV, the Worker
Characterization and Blood-Lead Study
of R&R Workers Who Specialize in
Renovations of Old or Historic Homes
(Ref. 14), was similar to Phase II, but
focused on individuals who worked
primarily in old historic buildings. More
information on the results of these peer-
reviewed studies can be found in Unit
III.C.l. of the preamble to the 2006
Proposal.
3. Summary of 2006 Proposal. TSCA
section 402(c)(3) directs EPA to revise
the Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations to apply to renovation or
remodeling activities that create lead-
based paint hazards. In the 2006
Proposal, EPA proposed to conclude
that any renovation activity that
disturbs lead-based paint can create
significant amounts of leaded dust, that
most activities created lead-based paint
hazards, and that some activities can be
reasonably anticipated to create lead-
based paint hazards. Accordingly, on
January 10, 2006, EPA issued a Notice
of Proposed Rulemaking covering
renovation performed for compensation
in target housing (Ref. 3). The 2006
Proposal contained requirements
designed to address lead-based paint
hazards created by renovation, repair,
and painting activities that disturb lead-
based paint. The 2006 Proposal
included requirements for training
renovators, other renovation workers,
and dust sampling technicians; for
certifying renovators, dust sampling
technicians, and renovation firms; for
accrediting providers of renovation and
dust sampling technician training; for
renovation work practices; and for
recordkeeping. The 2006 Proposal
would have made the rule effective in
two stages. Initially, the rule would
have applied to all renovations for
compensation performed in target
housing where a child with an increased
blood lead level resided and rental
target housing built before 1960. The
rule would also have applied to owner-
occupied target housing built before
1960, unless the person performing the
renovation obtained a statement signed
by the owner-occupant that the
renovation would occur in the owner's
residence and that no child under age 6
resided there. As proposed, the rule
would take effect 1 year later in all
rental target housing built between 1960
and 1978 and owner-occupied target
housing built between 1960 and 1978.
EPA also proposed to allow interested
States, Territories, and Indian Tribes the
opportunity to apply for and receive
authorization to administer and enforce
all of the elements of the new
renovation provisions.
4. Summary of 2007 Supplemental
Proposal. EPA received approximately
250 comments on its 2006 Proposal.
These comments came from a wide
variety of commenters, including State
and local governments, industry groups,
advocacy groups, renovation
contractors, training providers, and
individuals. A significant number of
these commenters observed that the
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proposal did not cover buildings where
children under age 6 spend a great deal
of time, such as day care centers and
schools. Commenters noted that the risk
posed to children from lead-based paint
hazards in schools and day care centers
is likely to be equal to, if not greater
than, the risk posed from these hazards
at home. These commenters suggested
that EPA expand its proposal to include
such places, and several suggested that
EPA use the existing definition of
"child-occupied facility" in 40 CFR
745.223 to define the expanded scope of
coverage. EPA felt that these comments
had merit, and, because adding child-
occupied facilities was beyond the
scope of the 2006 Proposal, an
expansion of the 2006 Proposal was
necessary to give this issue full and fair
consideration. Accordingly, on June 5,
2007, EPA issued a Supplemental
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (2007
Supplemental Proposal) to add child-
occupied facilities to the universe of
buildings covered by the 2006 Proposal
(Ref. 15).
EPA proposed to use the definition of
"child-occupied facility" from 40 CFR
745.223 with some modifications to
make it consistent with the statutory
focus on children under age 6 and to
better describe the applicability of the
term in target housing and in public or
commercial buildings. The 2007
Supplemental Proposal would apply all
of the accreditation, training,
certification, work practice, and
recordkeeping requirements to
renovations in child-occupied facilities
in the same way that the requirements
would apply to renovations in target
housing. In addition, EPA proposed to
extend the lead hazard information
distribution requirements of the Pre-
Renovation Education Rule, 40 CFR part
745, subpart E, to renovations in child-
occupied facilities. Specifically, EPA
proposed that persons performing
renovations in child-occupied facilities
in public or commercial buildings
would have to provide a lead hazard
information pamphlet to the owner of
the building and to the proprietor of the
child-occupied facility. In addition,
general information about the
renovation would have to be provided
to parents and guardians of children
under age 6 using the child-occupied
facility. The 2007 Supplemental
Proposal further provided that a lead
hazard information pamphlet would
have to be provided to parents and
guardians or made available upon
request. EPA received 12 comments on
its 2007 Supplemental Proposal.
5. 2007 Notice of Data Availability.
After the 2006 proposal, two new
studies assessing hazards associated
with renovation activities were
completed. On March 16, 2007, EPA
announced the availability of these new
studies in the docket for this rulemaking
(Ref. 16). EPA requested comment on
how these studies might inform
provisions of the final rule. EPA
received nearly 100 comments in
response to its notice. Comments
specifically on the studies are discussed
below. Comments on how the studies
might affect the final rule are discussed
along with the provisions of the final
rule in Unit III.E. of this preamble.
a. Characterization of Dust Lead
Levels after Renovation, Repair, and
Painting Activities. EPA conducted a
field study (Characterization of Dust
Lead Levels after Renovation, Repair,
and Painting Activities) (the "Dust
Study") to characterize dust lead levels
resulting from various renovation,
repair, and painting activities (Ref. 17).
This study, completed in January 2007,
was designed to compare environmental
lead levels at appropriate stages after
various types of renovation, repair, and
painting preparation activities were
performed on the interiors and exteriors
of target housing units and child-
occupied facilities. All of the jobs
disturbed more than 2 square feet of
lead-based paint, so they would not
have been eligible for the minor
maintenance exception from the 2006
Proposal. The renovation activities were
conducted by local professional
renovation firms, using personnel who
received lead safe work practices
training using the curriculum developed
by EPA and HUD, "Lead Safety for
Remodeling, Repair, and Painting" (Ref.
18). The activities conducted
represented a range of activities that
would be permitted under the 2006
Proposal, including work practices that
are restricted or prohibited for
abatements under 40 CFR 745.227(e)(6).
Of particular interest was the impact of
using specific work practices that
renovation firms would be required to
use under the proposed rule, such as the
use of plastic to contain the work area
and a multi-step cleaning protocol, as
opposed to more typical work practices.
The design of the Dust Study was
peer-reviewed by experts in fields
related to the study. They reviewed the
design and quality assurance plan
independently and provided written
comments to EPA. The results of this
peer-review are summarized in Unit 2 of
the Dust Study report (Ref. 17). In
addition, the record of this peer-review?,
which includes the comments from the
reviewers and EPA's responses, has
been placed into the public docket for
this action.
In the Dust Study, 12 different interior
and 12 different exterior renovation
activities were performed at 7 vacant
target housing units in Columbus, Ohio,
and 8 vacant target housing units
(including four apartments) in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Three
different interior and three different
exterior renovation activities were
conducted at a building representing a
child-occupied facility, a vacant school
in Columbus. The presence of lead-
based paint was confirmed by laboratory
analysis before a building was assigned
a particular renovation activity or set of
activities. Before interior renovation
activities were performed, the floors and
windowsills in the work area and
adjacent rooms were cleaned. In most
cases, pre-work cleaning resulted in
dust lead levels on floors of less than 10
|-ig/ft2; nearly all floors were less than 40
|-ig/ft2 before work started. Most
windowsills that would be used for later
sampling were cleaned to dust lead
levels less than 250 |^g/ft2. In the few
cases where that level was not achieved
on a windowsill needed for sampling,
dust collection trays were used. Interior
renovation activities included the
following jobs:
Making cut-outs in the walls.
Replacing a window from the
inside.
Removing paint with a high
temperature (greater than 1100 degrees
Fahrenheit) heat gun.
Removing paint with a low
temperature (less than 1100 degrees
Fahrenheit) heat gun.
Removing paint by dry scraping.
Removing kitchen cabinets.
Removing paint with a power
planer.
To illustrate the impact of the
containment plastic and the specialized
cleaning and cleaning verification
protocol that would be required by the
2006 Proposal, each activity was
performed a minimum of four times:
With the plastic containment
described in the 2006 Proposal followed
by the cleaning protocol described in
the proposal.
With the plastic containment
described in the 2006 Proposal followed
by dry sweeping and vacuuming with a
shop vacuum.
With no plastic containment
followed by the cleaning protocol
described in the 2006 Proposal.
With no plastic containment
followed by dry sweeping and
vacuuming with a shop vacuum.
Dust samples were collected after the
renovation work was completed, after
cleaning, and after cleaning verification.
If a building was being used again for
the same job under different work
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21697
practices, or for a completely different
job, the unit was recleaned and retested
prior to starting the next job. All
buildings were cleaned and tested after
the last job.
Geometric mean post-work, pre-
cleaning floor dust lead levels in the
work room were as follows (in |j,g/ft2):
Cut-outs-422.
Kitchen cabinet removal-958.
Low temperature heat gun-2,080.
Dry scraping-2,686.
Window? replacement3,993.
High temperature heat gun-7,737.
Power planing-32,644.
Power planing is an activity very
similar to power sanding in which a
machine that operates at high speed
generating large quantities of dust is
used.
Where baseline practices, i.e., no
containment, dry sweeping, and
vacuuming with a shop vacuum, were
used, the geometric mean post-job floor
dust lead levels in the work room were
as follows (in |ig/ft2):
Cut-outs-22.
Kitchen cabinet removal-58.
Low temperature heat gun-41.
Dry scraping-66.
Window? replacement135.
High temperature heat gun-445.
Power planing-450.
The package of proposed rule
requirements, i.e., containment,
specialized cleaning, and cleaning
verification, resulted in the lowest
geometric mean dust lead levels in the
work room at the end of a job. These
results were as follows (in |ig/ft2):
Cut-outs~5.
Kitchen cabinet removal12.
Low temperature heat gun-24.
Dry scraping-30.
Window replacement-33.
High temperature heat gun-36.
Power planing-148.
Windowsill sample results were
similar; the geometric mean dust lead
levels after renovation activities
performed in accordance with the
proposed rule exceeded 250 |^g/ft2 only
where power planing or a high
temperature heat gun were used. When
baseline practices were used, the
geometric mean dust lead levels on the
windowsills exceeded 250 l-ig/ft2 for
kitchen cabinet removal, window
replacement, high temperature heat gun
use, and power planing.
Exterior renovation activities
performed as part of the study included
the following:
Replacing a door and doorway.
Replacing fascia boards, soffits,
and other trim.
Removing paint with a high
temperature (greater than 1100 degrees
Fahrenheit) heat gun.
Removing paint with a low
temperature (less than 1100 degrees
Fahrenheit) heat gun.
Removing paint by dry scraping.
Removing paint with a needle gun.
Removing paint with power
sanding or grinding.
Removing paint with a torch or
open flame.
For the exterior jobs, plastic sheeting
was placed on the ground to catch the
debris and dust from the job, in
accordance with the requirements of the
proposed rule. Additional plastic
sheeting was laid out beneath and
beyond the "proposed rule" plastic.
Trays to collect dust and debris were
placed on top of and underneath the
"proposed rule" plastic. Trays were also
placed just outside of the "proposed
rule" plastic to assess how far the dust
was spreading. A vertical containment,
as high as the work zone, was erected
at the end of the additional plastic.
The use of the "proposed rule" plastic
as a ground covering captured large
amounts of leaded dust. For all job types
except removing paint with a torch,
there was a substantial difference
between the amount of lead captured by
the "proposed rule" plastic and the
amount under the "proposed rule"
plastic. Including both bulk debris and
dust, geometric mean lead levels in
exterior samples from the collection
trays on top of the "proposed rule"
plastic ranged from a low of 60,662 |j,g/
ft2 for the door replacement activity to
a high of 7,216,358 Jig/ft2 for removing
paint with a high temperature heat gun.
Geometric mean lead levels from the
collection trays under the "proposed
rule" plastic ranged from a low of 32 |ag/
ft2 for door replacement to 8,565 |^g/ft2
for removing paint with a torch.
This regulatory action was supported
by the Dust Study discussed above.
Therefore, EPA conducted a peer review
in accordance with OMB's Final
Information Quality Bulletin for Peer
Review?. EPA requested this review? from
the Clean Air Scientific Advisory
Committee (CASAC) Lead Review
Panel. The CASAC, which is comprised
of seven members appointed by the EPA
Administrator, was established under
the Clean Air Act as an independent
scientific advisory committee. The
CASAC's comments on the Dust Study,
along with EPA's responses, have been
placed into the public docket for this
action. More information on the CASAC
consultation process, along with
background documents, is available on
EPA's website at http://www.epa.gov/
lead/pubs/casac.htm.
According to the peer review report,
the CASAC Panel found
.. .that the [Dust Study] was reasonably
well-designed, considering the complexity of
the problem, and that the report provided
information not available from any other
source. The study indicated that the rule
cleaning procedures reduced the residual
lead (Pb) remaining after a renovation more
than did the baseline cleaning procedures.
Another positive aspect of the Dust Study
was that it described deviations from the
protocol when they occurred.
The CASAC Panel also contended that
the limited data from residential
housing units and child-occupied
facilities included in the Dust Study,
most likely do not represent a
statistically valid sample of housing at
the national level. They noted that there
are aspects of the study that would
underestimate the levels of lead-
loadings while other aspects of the
study would overestimate the loadings.
EPA agrees that the Dust Study is not
nationally representative of all housing.
EPA notes that there are several reasons
why this is the case, including the fact
that all of the housing studied was built
during 1925 or earlier, and a large
number of the floors were in poor
condition. A major purpose of the Dust
Study was to assess the proposed work
practices. A statistically valid sample of
housing at the national level is not
needed to assess the work practices. If
anything, the Dust Study is conservative
with respect to the age of housing
because it studied older houses and
therefore is appropriate for assessing the
effectiveness of the work practices.
In addition to the Dust Study which
directly supported this regulatory
action, several other studies are
discussed throughout the preamble
which may or may not have been peer
reviewed.
b. Lead-Safe Work Practices Survey
Project. The National Association of
Home Builders (NAHB) conducted a
survey that assessed renovation and
remodeling activities to measure levels
of lead dust generated by home
improvement contractors (Ref. 19). The
stated objective of this survey,
completed in November 2006, was to
measure the amount of lead dust
generated during typical renovation and
remodeling activities and assess
whether routine renovation and
remodeling activities increased lead
dust levels in the work area and on the
property.
The activities evaluated during the
survey were selected in consultation
with remodeling contractors. NAHB
believes that these activities represent
the most common jobs performed by
renovation and remodeling firms. The
renovations were performed by
professional renovation and remodeling
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contractors from each of the
communities where the properties were
located. All of the workers who
participated in this project had
previously attended and successfully
completed the EPA/HUD curriculum for
Lead Safety for Remodeling, Repair, &
Painting.
According to the NAHB survey,
anEPA-certified lead-based paint
inspector confirmed the presence of
lead-based paint in all of the properties
considered for this survey. Previous
inspection reports were consulted if the
inspections conformed to the HUD
Guidelines for lead-based paint
inspections. Properties used in this
survey included a single family home in
Illinois, two single-family homes and a
duplex in Connecticut, and an
apartment above a storefront in
Wisconsin.
The NAHB survey evaluated the
following activities:
Wall and ceiling removal
(demolition).
Wall and ceiling modification.
Window? and door removal and/or
replacement (no sanding).
Window and door alteration (no
sanding).
Sanding on windows and doors.
Kitchen or bath cabinet removal.
Baseboard and stair removal.
Surface preparation (sanding).
Sawing into wood and plaster.
Activities were performed in one of
three ways: Using the work practices
presented in the EPA/HUD curriculum,
using modified work practices (one or
more of the dust control or cleanup
methods discussed in the EPA/HUD
curriculum), or routine renovation
practices.
Area air samples were collected
before, during and after the work
activity. Personal breathing zone air
samples were collected during the work
activity. Dust wipe samples were
collected before work started and after
final clean-up. Dust wipe samples were
routinely collected from floors near the
work activity and in some cases
collected from a windowsill and/or
window well.
In comparing the mean dust lead
levels before the activities with the
mean dust lead levels after the
activities, the NAHB concluded that the
renovation activities surveyed did not
create new lead dust hazards overall.
However, even after clean-up was
conducted, over half of the 60
individual renovation activities studied
resulted in an increase in dust lead
levels on at least one surface. In most
cases, the increase was considerably
greater than the regulatory dust-lead
hazard standard for that surface.
6. Statutory finding and regulatory
approachTSCA section 402(c)(3)
determination. TSCA section 402(c)(3)
directs EPA to revise the regulations
issued under TSCA section 402(a), the
Lead-based Paint Activities Regulations,
to apply to renovation or remodeling
activities that create lead-based paint
hazards. EPA finds that renovation,
repair, and painting activities that
disturb lead-based paint create lead-
based paint hazards. This finding is
based upon EPA's Environmental Field
Sampling Study and corroborated by the
Dust Study and the NAHB survey (Refs.
11,17, and 19).
In the 2006 Proposal, EPA proposed
to conclude that any renovation activity
that disturbs lead-based paint can create
significant amounts of leaded dust, that
most activities created lead-based paint
hazards, and that some activities can be
reasonably anticipated to create lead-
based paint hazards. EPA's proposed
conclusions were based upon the results
of the Environmental Field Sampling
Study, which examined, on a variety of
components using a variety of tools and
methods, activities that EPA had
determined were representative of the
paint-disturbing activities that typically
occur during renovations. The activities
were:
Paint removal by abrasive sanding.
Window? replacement.
HVAC duct work.
Demolition of interior plaster
walls.
Drilling into wood.
Drilling into plaster.
Sawing into wood.
Sawing into plaster.
Specifically, EPA proposed to
conclude that all of the activities
studied in the Environmental Field
Sampling Study, with the exception of
drilling into plaster, can create lead-
based paint hazards. With respect to
drilling into plaster, where lead-based
paint is present, EPA proposed to
conclude that this activity can
reasonably be anticipated to create lead-
based paint hazards. The Environmental
Field Sampling Study found that, with
the exception of drilling into plaster, all
renovation and remodeling activities,
when conducted where lead-based paint
is present, generated lead loadings on
floors at a distance of 5 to 6 feet from
the activity that exceeded EPA's dust-
lead hazard standard of 40 |^g/ft2.
However, upon further review, it is
apparent that the study also found that
drilling into plaster created dust lead
levels in the immediate vicinity of the
activity that exceeded the dust-lead
hazard standard. Thus, all the activities
studied did in fact create lead-based
paint hazards.
The 2006 Proposal cited the other
phases of the TSCA section 402(c)(2)
renovation and remodeling study to
support EPA's proposed determination
that any renovation, remodeling, or
painting activity that disturbs lead-
based paint can be reasonably
anticipated to create lead-based paint
hazards. Phase III, the Wisconsin
Childhood Blood-Lead Study, found
that children who live in homes where
renovation and remodeling activities
were performed within the past year are
30% more likely to have a blood lead-
level that equals or exceeds 10 |ig/dL,
the level of concern established by CDC,
than children living in homes where no
such activity has taken place recently.
Phases II and IV of the study, which
evaluated worker exposures from
renovation and remodeling activities,
provide additional documentation of the
significant and direct relationship
between blood-lead levels and the
conduct of certain renovation and
remodeling activities. Phase II found a
statistically significant association
between increased blood lead levels and
the number of days spent performing
general renovation and remodeling
activities, paint removal, and cleanup in
pre-1950 buildings in the past month.
Phase IV of the study found that persons
performing renovation and remodeling
activities in old historic buildings are
more likely to have elevated blood lead
levels than persons in the general
population of renovation and
remodeling workers.
In light of EPA's proposed
determination, the 2006 Proposal
included revisions to the existing Lead-
based Paint Activities Regulations to
extend them to renovation, remodeling,
and painting activities in target housing,
with certain exceptions. In proposing to
extend these regulations to renovation,
remodeling, and painting activities in
child-occupied facilities, the 2007
Supplemental Proposal incorporated the
proposed TSCA section 402(c)(3)
determination.
Since the 2006 Proposal, EPA
conducted the Dust Study and NAHB
submitted the results of their survey.
The results of the Dust Study confirm
that renovation and remodeling
activities that disturb lead-based paint
create lead-based paint hazards. The
Dust Study evaluated a number of
common renovation activities, including
replacing windows, removing kitchen
cabinets, cutting into walls, and
removing paint by high and low?
temperature heat guns, power tools, and
dry scraping. The geometric mean post-
work dust lead levels on work room
floors ranged from a low of 422 |ig/ft2,
or 10 times the dust-lead hazard
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21699
standard for floors, for cut-outs, to a
high of 32,644 |-ig/ft2 for power planing.
Thus, all of the activities evaluated in
the Dust Study created floor dust lead
levels that exceeded 40 |^g/ft2, one of the
measures that, in 40 CFR 745.65, defines
a lead-based paint hazard. It is more
difficult to evaluate the effect of
disturbing lead-based paint in the
NAHB Survey, since the survey did not
involve collecting samples after work
had been performed but before the post-
renovation cleaning had begun.
Nevertheless, even after post-renovation
cleaning using a variety of methods, in
more than half of the 60 experiments
performed in this survey, the post-
cleaning dust wipe sample results for at
least one surface showed an increase
greater than the TSCA section 403
hazard standard over pre-work levels.
These experiments showing increased
dust lead levels cover the range of
activities evaluated in the NAHB
Survey.
Therefore, in this action, EPA is
issuing its determination that
renovation, repair, and painting
activities that disturb lead-based paint
create lead-based paint hazards. Because
the evidence shows that all such
activities in the presence of lead-based
paint create lead-based paint hazards,
EPA is modifying its proposed finding,
which distinguished between activities
that create lead-based paint hazards and
those that can reasonably be anticipated
to create lead-based paint hazards, and
instead concludes that renovation
activities that disturb lead-based paint
create lead-based paint hazards. Indeed,
no commenter submitted data indicating
that any renovation, repair, or painting
activity should be exempt from
regulation because it does not create
lead-based paint hazards.
EPA received a large number of
comments on this proposed finding.
Many expressed support for EPA's
determination that any renovation,
repair, or painting activity that disturbs
lead-based paint creates lead-based
paint hazards. Some commenters, while
expressing their support for this
determination, also opined that the
regulatory dust-lead hazard standards
for floors and windowsills are too high.
These commenters argued that recent
scientific evidence shows that children
experience adverse health effects at
lower blood lead levels than previously
thought, and since EPA's regulatory
dust-lead hazard standards were set
with reference to a blood lead level of
10 H-g/dL, the CDC level of concern, the
dust-lead hazard standards must be
lowered. EPA agrees that recent studies
demonstrate that neurocognitive effects
occur at blood lead levels below the
current CDC level of concern. In fact,
EPA's most recent Air Quality Criteria
for Lead document, issued in October,
2006, describes several epidemiologic
studies published in the last 5 years that
observed significant lead-induced IQ
decrements in children with some
effects observed at blood lead levels of
5 H.g/dL and lower (Ref. 1). The
document also notes that other recent
studies observed significant associations
at low blood-lead levels for other
neurotoxicity endpoints in addition to
IQ, such as arithmetic and reading
scores, attentional behavior, and
neuromotive function. However, EPA is
not addressing the appropriateness of
the existing dust-lead hazard standards
in this rulemaking. The original hazard
standards were set through a separate
rulemaking process under TSCA section
403 that allowed for input from all of
the parties that would be affected by the
standards. Furthermore, EPA is
concerned that a full review of the
available evidence and other
considerations affecting the hazard
standards as part of this rulemaking
would result in a significant delay in
promulgating training, certification, and
work practice standards for renovation
activities. EPA did not propose to
modify the TSCA section 403 hazard
standard levels in this rulemaking and
has not undertaken the significant
analyses that would need to be
performed in order to establish different
standards. Accordingly, EPA is not able,
in this final rule, to modify the
regulatory hazard standard. In any
event, since EPA finds that renovation
activities that disturb lead-based paint
create lead-paint hazards, lowering the
hazard standard would not affect EPA's
finding.
Some commenters objected to EPA's
proposed determination that renovation,
repair, or painting activities that disturb
lead-based paint create lead-based paint
hazards. Some commenters interpreted
EPA's statutory authority to regulate
renovation and remodeling under TSCA
section 402(c)(3) as being limited to
those renovation and remodeling
activities for which EPA can prove a
link between the activity and the blood
lead action level established by CDC for
public health intervention. These
commenters contend that the failure to
prove such a link means that renovation
and remodeling activities do not create
lead-based paint hazards. This
interpretation is not supported by the
plain language of the statute. TSCA
section 402(c)(3) requires EPA to
regulate renovation and remodeling
activities that create lead-based paint
hazards. The term "lead-based paint
hazard" is defined in TSCA section 401
as "any condition that causes exposure
to lead from lead-contaminated dust. .
. that would result in adverse human
health effects as established by the
Administrator under this subchapter."
TSCA section 403 directs EPA to
promulgate regulations which "identify,
for purposes of this subchapter and the
Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard
Reduction Act of 1992, lead-based paint
hazards, lead-contaminated dust, and
lead-contaminated soil." The TSCA
section 403 regulations define dust-lead
hazards as levels that equal or exceed 40
|J,g/ft2 of lead on floors or 250 |ig/ft2 of
lead on interior windowsills. Therefore,
EPA interprets TSCA as directing it to
regulate renovation and remodeling
activities if such activities create dust
lead levels that exceed the standards for
dust-lead hazards established under
TSCA section 403. Again, the
Environmental Field Sampling Study,
the Dust Study, and the NAHB survey
all demonstrate that renovation and
remodeling activities that disturb lead-
based paint create dust lead levels that
exceed the hazard standards in 40 CFR
745.65.
EPA also interprets the scientific
evidence for a link between renovations
and the CDC blood lead action level
differently than do these commenters.
EPA's Wisconsin Childhood Blood-Lead
Study, described more fully in Unit
III.C.l.c. of the preamble to the 2006
Proposal, provides ample evidence of a
link between renovation activities and
elevated blood lead levels in resident
children (Ref. 13). This peer-reviewed
study concluded that general residential
renovation and remodeling is associated
with an increased risk of elevated blood
lead levels in children and that specific
renovation and remodeling activities are
also associated with an increase in the
risk of elevated blood lead levels in
children. In particular, removing paint
(using open flame torches, using heat
guns, using chemical paint removers,
and wet scraping/sanding) and
preparing surfaces by sanding or
scraping significantly increased the risk
of elevated blood lead levels. Some of
the commenters on this rule focused on
Table 3-13 in the study report and cited
that as evidence that work performed by
paid professional renovators does not
create a statistically significant risk of
an elevated blood-lead level in a
resident child.EPA agrees that this table,
which presents the results of analyses
using one of the sets of models used to
interpret study data, indicates that, with
respect to the persons performing the
work, the only statistically significant
result associated with increased risk of
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elevated blood lead levels was work
performed by a relative or friend not in
the household. Work performed by
professional renovators was associated
with an increased risk of an elevated
blood lead level, but the association was
not statistically significant. As
explained more fully in a memorandum
summarizing additional analyses of the
data from this study (Ref. 20), this table
does not indicate that professional
contractors were not responsible for
creating lead exposure hazards. Rather,
it indicates that renovation activities
performed by professional contractors
are no more or less hazardous than
renovation activities performed by most
of the other categories of persons
identified in the survey responses
collected as part of the study. It is also
important to note that, while these
commenters focus on a blood-lead level
of 10 |ig/dL as a threshold, this level is
not and has not been considered by CDC
or EPA as a threshold for adverse
effects.
One commenter also dismissed the
two studies from New York that EPA
cited as supporting the findings of the
Wisconsin Childhood Blood-Lead
Study. In 1995, the New York State
Department of Health assessed lead
exposure among children resulting from
home renovation and remodeling in
1993-1994. A review of the health
department records of children with
blood lead levels equal to or greater than
20 Hg/dL identified 320, or 6.9%, with
elevated blood lead levels that were
attributable to renovation and
remodeling (Ref. 21). The commenter
noted that this study suffered from a
number of limitations, including the fact
that it was not a case-control study; i.e.,
the group of children with elevated
blood lead levels attributed to
renovation and remodeling was not
compared with a similar group of
households that had not undergone
renovation during the period. EPA
agrees that this is an important
limitation of this study. However, with
respect to the other limitations noted by
this commenter, the authors of the
report felt that most of these limitations
would likely result in an
underestimation of the burden of lead
exposure associated with renovation
and remodeling.
The other study cited by EPA as
supporting the Wisconsin Childhood
Blood-Lead Study conclusions was a
case-control study that assessed the
association between elevated blood lead
levels in children younger than 5 years
and renovation or repair activities in
homes in New York City (Ref. 22).EPA
notes that the authors show that when
dust and debris was reported (by
respondents via telephone interviews)
to be "everywhere" following a
renovation, the blood lead levels were
significantly higher than children at
homes that did not report remodeling
work. On the other hand, when the
respondent reported either "no visible
dust and debris" or that "dust and
debris was limited to the work area,"
there was no statistically significant
effect on blood lead levels relative to
homes that did not report remodeling
work. Although the study found only a
weak and nonsignificant link between a
report of any renovation activity and the
likelihood that a resident child had an
elevated blood-lead level, the link to the
likelihood of an elevated blood-lead
level was statistically significant for
surface preparation by sanding and for
renovation work that spreads dust and
debris beyond the work area. The
researchers noted the consistency of
their results with EPA's Wisconsin
Childhood Blood-Lead Study (Ref. 13, at
509). EPA notes that this confirms that
keeping visible dust and debris
contained to the work area is important
for limiting children exposures to lead
dust, rather than providing substantial
arguments for the effectiveness of visual
inspection.
In sum, EPA's finding that renovation
and remodeling activities create lead-
based paint hazards is not dependent
upon establishing a correlation between
such activities and elevated blood lead
levels. Rather, it rests on the fact that,
as demonstrated by EPA's
Environmental Field Sampling Study,
EPA's Dust Study, and by the NAHB
Survey, such activities create lead-based
paint hazards as defined by EPA
regulations. Moreover, EPA disagrees
that there is no scientific support for
establishing a relationship between
elevated blood lead levels in children
and renovation activities. While EPA
interprets these studies as supporting
such a relationship and believes these
studies further support its finding, it is
not a determinative factor.
b. EPA's approach to this final rule.
Given EPA's determination that
renovation, repair, and painting
activities that disturb lead-based paint
create lead-based paint hazards, TSCA
section 402(c)(3) directs EPA to revise
the Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations to apply to these activities.
EPA does not interpret its statutory
mandate to require EPA to apply the
existing TSCA section 402(a) regulations
to renovations without change. By using
the word "revise," and creating a
separate subsection of the statute for
renovation, EPA believes that Congress
intended that EPA make revisions to
those existing regulations to adapt them
to a very different regulated community.
As discussed below, there are
significant differences between
renovations and abatements.
Accordingly, this final rule does not
merely expand the scope of the current
abatement requirements to cover
renovation and remodeling activities.
Rather, EPA has carefully considered
the elements of the existing abatement
regulations and revised them as
necessary to craft a rule that is practical
for renovation, remodeling and painting
businesses and their customers, taking
into account reliability, effectiveness,
and safety as directed by TSCA section
402(a). Specifically, the Agency
concludes that the training,
containment, cleaning, and cleaning
verification requirements in this final
rule rule achieve the goal of minimizing
exposure to lead-based paint hazards
created during renovation, remodeling
and painting activities, taking into
account reliability, effectiveness, and
safety.
In taking safety into account, EPA
looked to the statutory directive to
regulate renovation activities that create
lead-based paint hazards. Although
there is no known level of lead exposure
that is safe, EPA does not believe the
intent of Congress was to require
elimination of all possible risk arising
from a renovation. Nor does TSCA
explicitly require EPA to eliminate all
possible risk from lead, nor would it be
feasible to do so since lead is a
component of the earth. Rather, it
directs EPA to regulate renovation and
remodeling activities that create lead-
based paint hazards. Given that the
trigger for regulating renovation and
remodeling activities is the creation of
lead-based paint hazards-which EPA
has identified in a separate rulemaking
pursuant to TSCA section 403-EPA
believes taking safety into account in
this context is best interpreted with
reference to those promulgated hazard
standards. If taking safety into account
required a more stringent standard, as
suggested by some commenters, the
potential would be created for a scheme
under which any renovation activities
found not to create hazards are not
regulated at all, whereas renovation
activities found to create hazards trigger
requirements designed to leave the
renovation site cleaner than the
unregulated renovations. EPA's
interpretation is supported by the broad
Congressional intent that the section
403 hazard standards apply for purposes
of subchapter IV of TSCA. It is also
consistent with EPA's approach in its
abatement regulations, which require
post-abatement cleaning to dust-lead
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21701
clearance levels that are numerically
equal to the TSCA section 403 hazard
standards levels. It would be anomalous
to impose a more stringent safety
standard in the renovation context than
in the abatement context, where the
express purpose of the regulated
activities is to abate lead-based paint
hazards. Therefore, in taking into
account safety, this final rule regulates
renovation and remodeling activities
relative to the TSCA section 403 hazard
standard, with the purpose of
minimizing exposure to such hazards
created during renovation and
remodeling activities.
Additionally, EPA has interpreted
practicality in implementation to be an
element of the statutory directive to take
into account effectiveness and
reliability. In particular, EPA believes
that given the highly variable nature of
the regulated community, the work
practices required by this rule should be
simple to understand and easy to use.
EPA is very aware that this regulation
will apply to a whole range of
individuals from day laborers to
property maintenance staff to master
craftsmen performing a whole range of
activities from simple drywall repair to
window replacement to complete
kitchen and bath renovations to
building additions and everything in
between. Work practices that are easy
and practical to use are more likely to
be followed by all of the persons who
perform renovations, and, therefore,
more likely to be reliable and effective
in minimizing exposure to lead-based
paint hazards created by renovation
activities.
One of the biggest challenges facing
EPA in revising the TSCA section 402(a)
Lead-based Paint Activities Regulations
is how to effectively bridge the
differences between abatement and
renovation and remodeling while
acknowledging that many of the dust
generating activities are the same.
Abatements are generally performed in
three circumstances. First, an abatement
may be performed in the residence of a
child who has been found to have an
elevated blood lead level. Second,
abatements are performed in housing
receiving HUD financial assistance
when required by HUD's Lead-Safe
Housing Rule. Third, state and local
laws and regulations may require
abatements in certain situations
associated with rental housing.
Typically, when an abatement is
performed, the housing is either
unoccupied or the occupants are
temporarily relocated to lead-safe
housing until the abatement has been
demonstrated to have been properly
completed through dust clearance
testing. Carpet in the housing is usually
removed as part of the abatement
because it is difficult to demonstrate
that it is free of lead-based paint
hazards. Uncarpeted floors that have not
been replaced during the abatement may
need to be refinished or sealed in order
to achieve clearance. Abatements have
only one purpose-to permanently
eliminate lead-based paint and lead-
based paint hazards.
On the other hand, renovations are
performed for a myriad of reasons, most
having nothing to do with lead-based
paint. Renovations involve activities
designed to update, maintain, or modify
all or part of a building. Renovations
may be performed while the property is
occupied or unoccupied. If the
renovation is performed while the
property is occupied, the occupants do
not typically relocate pending the
completion of the project.
Further, performing abatement is a
highly specialized skill that workers and
supervisors must learn in training
courses accredited by EPA or authorized
States, Territories, and Tribes. In
contrast, EPA is not interested in
teaching persons how to be painters,
plumbers, or carpenters. Rather, EPA's
objective is to ensure that persons who
already know how to perform
renovations perform their typical work
in a lead-safe manner.
Nevertheless, as pointed out by some
commenters, abatement and renovation
have some things in common. For
example, as noted by one commenter,
window replacement may be performed
as part of an abatement to remove the
lead-based paint and lead-based paint
hazards on the existing window, or it
may be performed as part of a
renovation designed to improve the
energy efficiency of the building. In
many cases, the window replacement as
abatement and the window replacement
as renovation will generate the same
amount of leaded dust.
Another consideration is that while
renovation activities undoubtedly create
lead-based paint hazards, without
results from dust wipe samples
collected immediately before the
renovation commences, there is no way
to tell what portion of the lead dust
remaining on the surface was
contributed by the renovation. In
addition, as a practical matter, once
dust-lead hazards commingle with pre-
existing hazards, there is no functional
way to distinguish between those
created by the renovation activity and
any pre-existing dust-lead hazards.
However, the Dust Study shows that the
combination of training, containment,
cleaning and cleaning verification
required by this rule is effective at
reducing dust lead levels below the
dust-lead hazard standard. While the
requirements of this rule will, in some
cases, have the ancillary benefit of
removing some pre-existing dust-lead
hazards, these requirements are
designed to effectively clean-up the
lead-based paint hazards created during
renovation activities without changing
the scope of the renovation activity
itself. The intent of this final rule is not
to require cleanup of pre-existing
contamination.
For example, the rule does not require
cleaning of dust or any other possible
lead sources in portions of target
housing or child-occupied facilities
beyond the location in and around the
work area. Nor does this rule require the
replacement of carpets in the area of the
renovation or the refinishing or sealing
of uncarpeted floors. The approach in
this final rule is designed to address the
lead-based paint hazards created during
the renovation while not requiring
renovators to remediate or eliminate
hazards that are beyond the scope of the
work they were hired to do.
In addition, EPA has made a
concerted effort to keep the costs and
burdens associated with this rule as low
as possible, while still providing
adequate protection against lead-based
paint hazards created by renovation
activities. Indeed, as part of this
rulemaking EPA has, as directed by
TSCA section 2(c), considered the
environmental, economic, and social
impact of this rule. Nonetheless, many
commenters expressed concerns over
the potential unintended consequences
of this rulemaking. These commenters
argued that atoo-burdensome rule will
result in more renovations by
noncompliant renovators, and more do-
it-yourself renovations, both of which
are likely to be more hazardous than
renovations by certified professional
renovation firms using certified
renovators who follow the work practice
requirements of the rule. These
commenters were also concerned about
deferred property maintenance which
can be hazardous for many reasons,
including lead-based paint issues. For
example, one commenter pointed out
that a renovation project that replaces
old lead-based paint covered windows
with new ones that have no lead-based
paint may, as a by-product, reduce lead
hazards, and the rule should not work
to discourage this activity.
On the other hand, one commenter
argued that increased do-it-yourself
activity is an unlikely byproduct of this
rule because consumers are not only
opting to hire or not hire contractors
based on factors such as cost,
convenience, and perceived quality, but,
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even more importantly, their own
proclivity towards performing
renovation work. According to the
commenter, the fact that the work
practices required by this rule may
result in slight cost increases is unlikely
to motivate homeowners to perform
their own renovations. This commenter
also felt that the sooner that protective
approaches become the accepted
standard of care for renovation work by
contractors receiving compensation, the
sooner do-it-yourselfers and the do-it-
yourself literature and training supports
will adopt the same protective
approaches.
It is difficult to determine with any
amount of certainty whether this final
rule will have unintended
consequences. However, EPA agrees
that it is important to minimize
disincentives for using certified
renovation firms who follow? the work
practices required by this rule. EPA also
agrees that practicality is an important
consideration. Given the relatively low
estimated overall average per-job cost of
this final rule, which is $35, and the
relatively easy-to-use work practices
required by this final rule, EPA does not
expect the incremental costs associated
with this rule to be a determinative
factor for consumers. However, that
relatively low cost has resulted in part
from EPA's efforts to contain the costs
of this rule in order to avoid creating
disincentives to using certified
renovation firms, and EPA has viewed
the comments received with those
considerations in mind.
With respect to the comment
regarding the standard of care for do-it-
yourselfers, EPA also plans to conduct
an outreach and education campaign
aimed at encouraging homeowners and
other building owners to follow? work
practices while performing renovations
or hire a certified renovation firm to do
so.
7. Summary of the final rule. This
section summarizes the final rule in
general terms. For more information,
consult Unit III. below?, which describes
each provision in detail, discusses any
changes from the proposal, and reviews
the comments received.
a. Definitions and scope. This final
rule applies to renovations for
compensation in target housing and
child-occupied facilities. TSCA section
401 defines "target housing" as any
housing constructed prior to 1978,
except housing for the elderly or
persons with disabilities (unless any
child who is less than 6 years of age
resides or is expected to reside in such
housing for the elderly or persons with
disabilities) or any 0-bedroom dwelling.
This rule contains the following
definition of "child-occupied facility":
Child-occupied facility" means a building,
or portion of a building, constructed prior to
1978, visited regularly by the same child,
under 6 years of age, on at least two different
days within any week (Sunday through
Saturday period), provided that each day's
visit lasts at least 3 hours and the combined
weekly visits last at least 6 hours, and the
combined annual visits last at least 60 hours.
Child-occupied facilities may include, but
are not limited to, day care centers,
preschools and kindergarten classrooms.
Child-occupied facilities may be located in
target housing or in public or commercial
buildings. With respect to common areas in
public or commercial buildings that contain
child-occupied facilities, the child-occupied
facility encompasses only those common
areas that are routinely used by children
under age 6, such as restrooms and cafeterias.
Common areas that children under age 6 only
pass through, such as hallways, stairways,
and garages are not included. In addition,
with respect to exteriors of public or
commercial buildings that contain child-
occupied facilities, the child-occupied
facility encompasses only the exterior sides
of the building that are immediately adjacent
to the child-occupied facility or the common
areas routinely used by children under age 6.
TSCA does not define the terms
"renovation" or "remodeling," but this
final rule builds upon the definition of
"renovation" already established by the
regulations promulgated under TSCA
section 406(b). This rule defines
"renovation" as follows:
"Renovation" means the modification
of any existing structure, or portion
thereof, that results in the disturbance of
painted surfaces, unless that activity is
performed as part of an abatement as
defined by this part (40 CFR 745.223).
The term renovation includes (but is not
limited to): The removal, modification
or repair of painted surfaces or painted
components (e.g., modification of
painted doors, surface restoration,
window repair, surface preparation
activity (such as sanding, scraping, or
other such activities that may generate
paint dust)); the removal of building
components (e.g., walls, ceilings,
plumbing, windows); weatherization
projects (e.g., cutting holes in painted
surfaces to install blown-in insulation or
to gain access to attics, planing
thresholds to install weather-stripping),
and interim controls that disturb
painted surfaces. A renovation
performed for the purpose of converting
a building, or part of a building, into
target housing or a child-occupied
facility is a renovation under this
subpart. The term renovation does not
include minor repair and maintenance
activities.
This final rule excludes some of the
same projects that are excluded by the
TSCA section 406(b) regulations, such
as lead-based paint abatement projects
and renovations affecting components
that have been found to be free of lead-
based paint. To be eligible for the latter
exception, the components must be
determined to be free of lead-based
paint by a certified inspector or risk
assessor, or by a certified renovator
using an EPA-approved test kit.
Emergency projects would continue to
be exempt from the lead hazard
information distribution requirements,
but the clean-up after the project must
meet the requirements of this regulation,
and compliance with the training,
certification, warning sign, and
containment requirements of this
regulation is required to the extent
practicable. Minor maintenance projects
that disturb no more than 6 square feet
of painted surface per room for interiors
or no more than 20 square feet of
painted surface for exteriors are also
exempt, so long as no work practices
prohibited or restricted by this final rule
are used, the renovation does not
involve window replacement and there
is no demolition of painted areas.
Finally, this regulation contains an
exception for renovations in owner-
occupied target housing where no child
under age 6 or pregnant woman resides,
so long as the housing does not meet the
definition of "child-occupied facility."
To claim this exception, the renovation
firm must obtain, before beginning the
renovation, a signed statement from the
owner of the housing that states that the
person signing is the owner of the
housing to be renovated, that he or she
resides there, that no child under age 6
or pregnant woman resides there, that
the housing is not a child-occupied
facility, and that the owner understands
that the renovation firm will not be
required to use the work practices
contained in this rule.
b. Pre-Renovation Education Rule. As
described in greater detail in a separate
notice published elsewhere in today's
Federal Register, EPA has developed a
new renovation-specific lead hazard
information pamphlet intended for use
in fulfilling the requirements of the Pre-
Renovation Education Rule, 40 CFR part
745, subpart E. This final rule requires
firms performing renovations for
compensation in target housing and
child-occupied facilities to distribute
this new pamphlet before beginning
renovations to the owners and
occupants of target housing, owners of
public or commercial buildings that
contain a child-occupied facility, and
the proprietor of the child-occupied
facility, if different, and to provide
general information on the renovation
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21703
and the pamphlet to, or make it
available to, parents or guardians of
children under age 6 using the child-
occupied facility. This can be
accomplished by mailing or hand-
delivering the general information on
the renovation and the pamphlet to the
parents and guardians or by posting
informational signs containing general
information on the renovation in areas
where the signs can be seen by the
parents or guardians of the children
frequenting the child-occupied facility.
The signs must be accompanied by a
posted copy of the pamphlet or
information on how interested parents
or guardians can review a copy of the
pamphlet or obtain a copy from the
renovation firm at no cost to the parents
or guardians. For renovations in the
common areas of multi-unit target
housing, similar notification options are
available to firms. They must provide
tenants with general information
regarding the nature of the renovation
by mail, by hand-delivery, or by posting
signs, and must also make this new
pamphlet available upon request. Firms
must maintain documentation of
compliance with these requirements.
c. Training, accreditation, and
certification. This final rule contains
training requirements leading to
certification for "renovators"
individuals who perform and direct
renovation activitiesand "dust
sampling technicians"~individuals who
perform dust sampling not in
connection with an abatement.
Requirements for each of these courses
of study are described in detail, and a
hands-on component is required.
Training providers who wish to provide
training to renovators and dust sampling
technicians for Federal certification
purposes must apply for and receive
accreditation from EPA following the
same procedures that training providers
who offer lead-based paint activities
training now use to become accredited
by EPA. Providers of renovation training
must follow? the same requirements for
program operation as training providers
who offer lead-based paint activities
training. For example, renovation
training programs must have adequate
facilities and equipment for delivering
the training, a training manager with
experience or education in a
construction or environmental field, and
a principal instructor with experience or
education in a related field and
education or experience in teaching
adults. To become accredited to provide
training for renovators and dust
sampling technicians, a provider must
submit an application for accreditation
to EPA. The application must include
the following items:
The course materials and syllabus,
or a statement that EPA model materials
or materials approved by an authorized
State or Tribe will be used.
A description of the facilities and
equipment that will be used.
A copy of the test blueprint for
each course.
A description of the activities and
procedures that will be used during the
hands-on skills portion of each course.
A copy of the quality control plan.
The correct amount of fees.
Training programs that submit a
complete application and meet the
requirements for faculty, facilities,
equipment, and course and test content
will be accredited for 4 years. To
maintain accreditation, the training
program must submit an application
and the correct amount of fees every 4
years. EPA is not establishing the
required fees in this rulemaking. EPA
intends to publish a proposed fee
schedule for public comment shortly.
Accredited renovation training
programs must also comply with the
existing notification and recordkeeping
requirements for lead-based paint
activities training programs at 40 CFR
745.225(c)(l3) and 40 CFR 745.225(1),
respectively, by notifying EPA before
and after providing renovation training
and by maintaining records of course
materials, course test blueprints,
information on how hands-on training is
delivered, and the results of the
students' skills assessments and course
tests.
Each renovation project covered by
this final rule must be performed and/
or directed by an individual who has
become a certified renovator by
successfully completing renovator
training from an accredited training
provider. The certified renovator is
responsible for ensuring compliance
with the work practice standards of this
final regulation. The certified renovator
must perform or direct certain critical
tasks during the renovation, such as
posting warning signs, establishing
containment of the work area, and
cleaning the work area after the
renovation. These and other renovation
activities may be performed by workers
who have been provided on-the-job
training in these activities by a certified
renovator. However, the certified
renovator must be physically present at
the work site while signs are being
posted, containment is being
established, and the work area is being
cleaned after the renovation to ensure
that these tasks are performed correctly.
Although the certified renovator is not
required to be on-site at all times, while
the renovation project is ongoing, a
certified renovator must nonetheless
regularly direct the work being
performed by other workers to ensure
that the work practices are being
followed. When a certified renovator is
not physically present at the work site,
the workers must be able to contact the
renovator immediately by telephone or
other mechanism. In addition, the
certified renovator must perform the
post-renovation cleaning verification.
This task may not be delegated to
workers with on-the-job training. To
maintain certification, a renovator must
successfully complete an accredited
renovator refresher training course every
5 years.
Renovations must be performed by
certified firms. The certification
requirements for renovation firms are
identical to the certification
requirements for firms that perform
lead-based paint activities, except that
renovation firm certification lasts for 5
years instead of 3 years.A firm that
wishes to become certified to perform
renovations must submit an application,
along with the correct amount of fees,
attesting that it will assign a certified
renovator to each renovation that it
performs, that it will use only certified
or properly trained individuals to
perform renovations, and that it will
follow the work practice standards and
recordkeeping requirements in this
regulation. EPA will certify any firm
that meets these requirements unless
EPA determines that the environmental
compliance history of the firm, its
principals, or its key employees
demonstrates an unwillingness or
inability to maintain compliance with
environmental statutes or regulations.
To maintain certification, the firm must
submit an application and the correct
amount of fees every 5 years. As noted
above, EPA will establish the required
fees in a subsequent rulemaking.
d. Work practice standards. This final
rule contains a number of work practice
requirements that must be followed for
every covered renovation in target
housing and child-occupied facilities.
These requirements pertain to warning
signs and work area containment, the
restriction or prohibition of certain
practices (e.g., high heat gun, torch,
power sanding, power planing), waste
handling, cleaning, and post-renovation
cleaning verification. The firm must
ensure compliance with these work
practices. Although the certified
renovator is not required to be on-site at
all times, while the renovation project is
ongoing, a certified renovator must
nonetheless regularly direct the work
being performed by other workers to
ensure that the work practices are being
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followed. When a certified renovator is
not physically present at the work site,
the workers must be able to contact the
renovator immediately by telephone or
other mechanism.
i. Warning signs and work area
containment. Before beginning a
covered renovation, the certified
renovator or a worker under the
direction of the certified renovator must
post signs outside the area to be
renovated warning occupants and others
not involved in the renovation to remain
clear of the area. In addition, the
certified renovator or a worker under
the direction of the certified renovator
must also contain the work area so that
dust or debris does not leave the area
while the work is being performed. At
a minimum, containment for interior
projects must include:
Removing or covering all objects in
the work area with plastic or other
impermeable material.
Closing and covering all forced air
HVAC ducts in the work area with
plastic or other impermeable material.
Closing all windows in the work
area.
Closing and sealing all doors in the
work area with plastic or other
impermeable material.
Covering the floor surface,
including installed carpet, with taped-
down plastic sheeting or other
impermeable material in the work area
6 feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces
undergoing renovation or a sufficient
distance to contain the dust, whichever
is greater.
Doors within the work area that will be
used while the job is being performed
must be covered with plastic sheeting or
other impermeable material in a manner
that allows workers to pass through
while confining dust and debris to the
work area. In addition, all personnel,
tools, and other items, including the
exterior of containers of waste, must be
free of dust and debris when leaving the
work area. There are several ways of
accomplishing this. For example, tacky
mats may be put down immediately
adjacent to the plastic sheeting covering
the work area floor to remove dust and
debris from the bottom of the workers'
shoes as they leave the work area,
workers may remove their shoe covers
(booties) as they leave the work area,
and clothing and materials may be wet-
wiped and/or HEPA-vacuumed before
they are removed from the work area.
At a minimum, containment for
exterior projects must include:
Covering the ground with plastic
sheeting or other disposable
impermeable material extending 10 feet
beyond the perimeter of surfaces
undergoing renovation or a sufficient
distance to collect falling paint debris,
whichever is greater, unless the
property line prevents 10 feet of such
ground covering.
Closing all doors and windows
within 20 feet of the outside of the work
area on the same floor as the renovation
and closing all doors and windows on
the floors below that area.
In certain situations, such as where
other buildings are in close proximity to
the work area, when conditions are
windy, or where the work area abuts a
property line, the certified renovator or
a worker under the direction of the
certified renovator performing the
renovation may have to take extra
precautions to prevent dust and debris
from leaving the work area as required
by the regulation. This may include
erecting a system of vertical
containment designed to prevent dust
and debris from migrating to adjacent
property or contaminating the ground,
other buildings, or any object beyond
the work area. In addition, doors within
the work area that will be used while
the job is being performed must be
covered with plastic sheeting or other
impermeable material in a manner that
allows workers to pass through while
confining dust and debris to the work
area.
ii. Waste management. The certified
renovator or a worker trained and
directed by a certified renovator must, at
the conclusion of each work day, store
any collected lead-based paint waste
from renovation activities under
containment, in an enclosure, or behind
a barrier that prevents release of dust
and debris and prevents access to the
waste. In addition, the certified
renovator or a worker under the
direction of the certified renovator
transporting lead-based paint waste
from a work site must contain the waste
to prevent identifiable releases. With
regard to the lead-based paint waste
generated by renovations in housing
units, Unit IV.D.2. of the preamble to
the 2006 Proposal describes how a
clarification of the hazardous waste
exclusion in 40 CFR 261.4(b)(l) means
that residential lead-based paint waste
may be disposed of in municipal solid
waste landfill units, as long as the waste
is generated during abatement or
renovation and remodeling activities in
households. Also discussed in the
preamble to the 2006 Proposal is a
subsequent amendment to the waste
regulations promulgated under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) that allows construction
and demolition (C&D) landfills to accept
residential lead-based paint waste.
iii. Cleaning. This final rule contains
a number of specific cleaning steps that
the certified renovator or a worker
under the direction of the certified
renovator must follow? after performing
a covered renovation. Upon completion
of renovation activities, all paint chips
and debris must be picked up.
Protective sheeting must be misted and
folded dirty side inward. Sheeting used
to isolate the work area from other areas
must remain in place until after the
cleaning and removal of other sheeting;
this sheeting must be misted and
removed last. Removed sheeting must
either be folded and taped shut to seal
or sealed in heavy-duty bags and
disposed of as waste.
After the sheeting has been removed
from the work area, the entire area must
be cleaned, including the adjacent
surfaces that are within 2 feet of the
work area. The walls, starting from the
ceiling and working down to the floor,
must be vacuumed with a HEPA
vacuum or wiped with a damp cloth.
This final rule requires that all
remaining surfaces and objects in the
work area, including floors, furniture
and fixtures, be thoroughly vacuumed
with a HEPA-equipped vacuum. When
cleaning carpets, the HEPA vacuum
must be equipped with a beater bar to
aid in dislodging and collecting deep
dust and lead from carpets. Where
feasible, floor surfaces underneath area
rugs must also be thoroughly vacuumed
with a HEPA vacuum.
After vacuuming, all surfaces and
objects in the work area, except for
walls and carpeted or upholstered
surfaces, must be wiped with a damp
cloth. Uncarpeted floors must be
thoroughly mopped using a 2-bucket
mopping method that keeps the wash
water separate from the rinse water, or
using a wet mopping system with
disposable absorbent cleaning pads and
a built-in mechanism for distributing or
spraying cleaning solution from a
reservoir onto a floor.
For cleaning following an exterior
renovation, this final rule requires all
paint chips and debris to be picked up.
Protective sheeting must be misted and
folded dirty side inward. Removed
sheeting must be either folded and
taped shut to seal or sealed in heavy-
duty bags and disposed of as waste.
iv. Post-renovation cleaning
verification. This final rule requires a
certified renovator to perform a visual
inspection of the work area after the
cleaning steps outlined in the previous
subsection. This visual inspection is for
the purpose of determining whether
dust, debris, or other residue is present
in the work area. If dust, debris, or other
residue remains in the work area, the
dust, debris, or other residue must be
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21705
removed by re-cleaning and another
visual inspection must be performed.
When an exterior work area passes the
visual inspection, the renovation has
been properly completed and the
warning signs may be removed. When
an interior work area passes the visual
inspection, an additional cleaning
verification step is required. A certified
renovator assigned to the renovation
project must use disposable cleaning
cloths to wipe the windowsills,
countertops, and uncarpeted floors in
the work area. These cloths must then
be compared to a cleaning verification
card. For each cloth that matches or is
lighter than the cleaning verification
card, the corresponding windowsill,
countertop, or floor area is considered to
have passed the post-renovation
cleaning verification. In contrast to the
2006 Proposal, this final rule limits this
requirement to two wet cloths and one
dry cloth. After the first dry cloth, that
surface will be considered to have
passed post-renovation cleaning
verification. When all windowsills,
countertops, and floor areas in the work
area have passed post-renovation
cleaning verification, the warning signs
may be removed. More information on
the post-renovation cleaning verification
procedure and the underlying studies
can be found in Unit IV.E. of the
preamble to the 2006 Proposal and in
Unit III.E.7. of this preamble.
In contrast to the 2006 Proposal, this
final rule does not allow dust clearance
sampling in lieu of post-renovation
cleaning verification, except in cases
where the contract between the
renovation firm and the property owner
or another Federal, State, Territorial,
Tribal, or local regulation requires dust
clearance sampling by a certified
sampling professional and requires the
renovation firm to clean the work area
until it passes clearance.
e. State, Territorial, and Tribal
programs. This final rule also contains
provisions for interested States,
Territories, and Tribes to apply for and
receive authorization to administer their
own renovation, repair and painting
programs in lieu of the proposed
regulation. States, Territories and Tribes
may choose to administer and enforce
just the existing requirements of subpart
E, the pre-renovation education
elements, the training, certification,
accreditation, work practice, and
recordkeeping requirements of this final
rule, or both. EPA will use the same
process used for lead-based paint
activities programs, along with
proposed specific renovation program
elements, to authorize State, Territorial,
and Tribal programs.
States, Territories, and Tribes seeking
authority to administer and enforce
renovation programs must obtain public
input and then submit an application to
EPA. Applications must contain a
number of items, including a
description of the State, Territorial, or
Tribal program, copies of all applicable
statutes, regulations, and standards, and
a certification by the State Attorney
General, Tribal Counsel, or an
equivalent official, that the applicable
legislation and regulations provide
adequate legal authority to administer
and enforce the program. The program
description must demonstrate that the
State, Territorial, or Tribal program is at
least as protective as the Federal
program and that it provides for
adequate enforcement.
To be eligible for authorization to
administer and enforce renovation
programs, State, Territorial, and Tribal
renovation programs must contain
certain minimum elements that are very
similar to the minimum elements
required for lead-based paint activities
programs. In order to be authorized,
State, Territorial, or Tribal programs
must have procedures and requirements
for the accreditation of training
programs, the training of renovators,
and the certification of renovators or
renovation firms. At a minimum, the
program requirements must include
accredited training for renovators and
procedures and requirements for re-
certification. State, Territorial, and
Tribal programs applying for
authorization are also required to
include work practice standards for
renovations that ensure that renovations
are conducted only by certified
renovators or renovation firms and that
renovations are conducted using work
practices at least as protective as those
of the Federal program.
B. What is the Agency's Authority for
Taking this Action?
These training, certification and
accreditation requirements; State,
Territorial, and Tribal authorization
provisions; and work practice standards
are being promulgated under the
authority of TSCA sections 402(c)(3),
404, 406, and 407, 15 U.S.C. 2682(c)(3),
2684, 2686, and 2687, and in a manner
that is consistent with TSCA section
2(c), 15 U.S.C. 2601(c).
III. Provisions of this Final Rule
This unit describes the specific
provisions of the final regulation and
discusses the major comments received.
A. Scope of the Final Rule
EPA is amending the existing
regulations at 40 CFR part 745, subpart
E (the "Pre-Renovation Education
Rule"), that implement TSCA section
406(b) to add training and certification
requirements, as well as work practice
standards, for certain renovation, repair,
and painting projects performed for
compensation in target housing and in
child-occupied facilities.
1. Buildings covereda. Target
housing. The requirements of this final
rule apply to renovations performed for
compensation within and on the
exteriors of target housing units,
including renovations performed for
compensation in common areas, such as
hallways, stairways, and laundry and
recreational rooms, in multi-unit target
housing. The term "target housing" is
defined in TSCA section 401 as any
housing constructed before 1978, except
housing for the elderly or persons with
disabilities (unless any child under age
6 resides or is expected to reside in such
housing) or any 0-bedroom dwelling.
Several commenters were concerned
about the exclusion of 0-bedroom
dwellings from the definition of "target
housing." These commenters noted that
this effectively excludes a significant
subset of housing where children live,
particularly studio or efficiency
apartments and certain low-income
housing such as single-room occupancy
hotels. One commenter stated that, in
his city, at least 400 families with more
than 700 children live in single-room
occupancy hotels, and these hotels
constitute some of oldest housing in
their city. Other commenters were
concerned about the exclusion of
housing for the elderly (or persons with
disabilities) unless any child under age
6 resides or is expected to reside in such
housing. These commenters suggested
that EPA not exempt such housing
because children may be present for a
substantial amount of time. One
commenter noted that, because some
children spend 40 or more hours per
week at their grandparents' home,
eliminating housing for the elderly from
the rule would place an inordinate
number of young children at risk.
Another commenter observed that
unless the building is reserved for
elderly residents only, the likelihood of
children living in a multi-unit building
and being exposed to lead hazards in
common areas is high.
EPA understands and shares the
concerns of these commenters.
However, these exclusions were
established by Congress in Title X. The
exclusions and limitations in the
exclusions appear consistent with a
focus on housing where children under
age 6 reside. Nonetheless, EPA does
wish to point out that this regulation
and other existing TSCA regulations
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cover activities in common areas that
are accessible to residents of target
housing units. Thus, renovations in
common areas in a building built before
1978 that contains both housing units
reserved for the elderly and regular
housing units would be covered by this
rule. In addition, as described more
fully in Unit III.G. of this preamble,
States, Territories and Tribes may
choose to develop and implement their
own lead renovation, repair, and
painting programs. Such programs may
be more stringent than this Federal
regulation and could, therefore, cover 0-
bedroom dwellings or housing for the
elderly.
Finally, one commenter questioned
the existing definition of'multi-family
housing" in 40 CFR 745.83, which
defines the term as a "housing property
consisting of more than four dwelling
units." The commenter referred to the
definition of "multi-family dwelling" in
40 CFR 745.223 which does not limit
the term to a specific number of units,
and questioned why smaller multi-
family housing such as duplexes should
not be included in the definition in 40
CFR 745.83. This commenter and others
contended that it is important to cover
common areas, including building
exteriors, in all multi-unit target
housing. In response to these
commenters, EPA is deleting the
definition of "multi-family housing"
from 40 CFR 745.83 because the term is
not used in this final rule. This final
rule covers renovations in common
areas, including building exteriors, of
multi-unit buildings regardless of the
number of units contained in the
building. In addition, the deletion of
this definition will also make it clear
that the existing Pre-Renovation
Education Rule provisions also apply to
the same renovations covered by this
final rule.
b. Child-occupied facilities. The
certification, training, recordkeeping,
and work practice standards of this final
rule also apply to renovations for
compensation in child-occupied
facilities. As discussed in the preamble
to the 2007 Supplemental Proposal,
numerous commenters on the 2006
Proposal requested that EPA cover
child-occupied facilities under this
regulation and suggested that EPA use
the existing definition of "child-
occupied facility" in 40 CFR 745.223. In
response, the 2007 Supplemental
Proposal included a definition of
"child-occupied facility" that was based
upon the existing definition, with
modifications to make it consistent with
the provisions of the 2006 Proposal.
EPA also proposed to modify the
definition to clarify, for child-occupied
facilities located in public or
commercial buildings, which portions
of the building would be considered
part of the child-occupied facility for
purposes of this rulemaking. EPA
received several comments suggesting
modifications to the proposed
definition, but (with the exception of
one small clarification) EPA is retaining
the proposed definition for the reasons
discussed below. The final rule's
definition of "child-occupied facility" is
as follows:
"Child-occupied facility" means a
building, or portion of a building,
constructed prior to 1978, visited
regularly by the same child, under 6
years of age, on at least 2 different days
within any week (Sunday through
Saturday period), provided that each
day's visit lasts at least 3 hours and the
combined weekly visits last at least 6
hours, and the combined annual visits
last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied
facilities may include, but are not
limited to, day care centers, preschools
and kindergarten classrooms. Child-
occupied facilities may be located in
target housing or in public or
commercial buildings. With respect to
common areas in public or commercial
buildings that contain child-occupied
facilities, the child-occupied facility
encompasses only those common areas
that are routinely used by children
under age 6, such as restrooms and
cafeterias. Common areas that children
under age 6 only pass through, such as
hallways, stairways, and garages are not
included. In addition, with respect to
exteriors of public or commercial
buildings that contain child-occupied
facilities, the child-occupied facility
encompasses only the exterior sides of
the building that are immediately
adjacent to the child-occupied facility
or the common areas routinely used by
children under age 6.
EPA added the introductory clauses
"with respect to common areas" and
"with respect to exteriors of" to the
sentences describing the applicability of
the rule to common areas and exteriors
of public or commercial buildings
because EPA was concerned that people
would be confused about the area
defined by the term "child-occupied
facility" in those situations.
Most of the commenters on the 2007
Supplemental Proposal expressed
support for including child-occupied
facilities within the universe of
buildings covered by this rulemaking.
Several commenters requested that EPA
provide a more clear definition of public
buildings that contain child-occupied
facilities or additional examples of such
facilities. However, EPA is not aware of
additional examples that could be
included in the definition to make the
applicability of this rule clearer. One
commenter believed that a definition
based upon the amount of time a child
spends at a facility would be
unworkable.
EPA disagrees with the comment that
a time-based definition of child-
occupied facility is unworkable. A time-
based definition has been a part of the
Lead-based Paint Activities Program
under TSCA section 402(a) for more
than 10 years and EPA is not aware of
any significant implementation
difficulties. As initially proposed in
1994, the Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations under TSCA section 402 (a)
would have contained one set of
requirements for the training and
certification of contractors and the
accreditation of training programs, as
well as specific work practice standards
that would have applied to lead-based
paint activities conducted in target
housing and public buildings (Ref. 23).
A different set of requirements would
have applied to lead-based paint
activities conducted in commercial
buildings and on bridges and other
structures. The 1994 proposal would
have defined public buildings to
include all buildings generally open to
the public or occupied or visited by
children, such as stores, museums,
airports, offices, restaurants, hospitals,
and government buildings, as well as
schools and day care centers. During the
comment period, a significant majority
of commenters expressed the concern
that applying these regulations to
activities in all of the buildings that EPA
would consider public would result in
significant costs without a comparable
reduction in lead-based paint exposures
for children under age 6, the population
most vulnerable to lead exposures.
Many of these commenters
recommended that EPA focus its
attention on buildings that are
frequented by children, rather than on
buildings that may be briefly visited by
children.
In response to these comments, EPA
established, in the final rule, a subset of
the buildings EPA had intended to
define as public. This subset, called
"child-occupied facilities," was
delineated in terms of the frequency and
duration of visits by children (Ref. 4).
These primarily consist of public
buildings where young children receive
care or instruction on a regular basis,
such as child care centers and
kindergarten classrooms. The Agency's
decision to define child-occupied
facilities as a sub-category of public
buildings was based on one of the key
objectives of the Lead-based Paint
Activities Regulations, which was to
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21707
prevent lead exposures among young
children. The Agency reasoned that
children face an equal, if not greater,
risk from lead-based paint hazards in
schools and day care centers as they do
at home. Indeed, EPA was concerned
that children could spend more time in
a particular classroom or day care room
in a given day or week than they might
spend in a single room in their homes.
With respect to the type of building
covered, this regulation will operate in
much the same way as the Lead-based
Paint Activities Regulations. In most
cases, office buildings without child
care facilities, museums, stores, airports,
and restaurants will not be covered by
this rule. Although there may be large
numbers of children present at any
given time in these kinds of buildings,
individual children are not likely to be
there often enough and long enough to
qualify the building as a child-occupied
facility.
Some commenters appeared to be
confused about whether the definition
of "child-occupied facility" covers
housing where informal or unpaid care
is provided, such as the homes of
relatives and neighbors. Whether or not
a building is a child-occupied facility
does not depend upon whether the
owner or operator of the child-occupied
facility is somehow compensated for the
child's presence. Indeed, the first
sentence of the definition makes this
clear in stating that a child-occupied
facility is a "building, or portion of a
building, constructed prior to 1978,
visited regularly by the same child ..."
The word "visited" is very broad, it
includes visits to a relative's house or a
neighbor's house as well as visits to a
child-care facility or school.
Except in owner-occupied target
housing, as discussed below, the firm
performing the renovation is responsible
for determining whether a building is a
child-occupied facility. This can be
accomplished in any number of ways. A
stand-alone child care center is likely to
have a name that suggests that it
provides child care, and the center's
status as a child-occupied facility
should be obvious upon entering the
center. Child care centers in office
buildings are likely to have
informational signs posted and the
centers are likely to be identified in the
building directory. Elementary schools
are likely to have kindergarten
classrooms. The renovation firm should
inquire about the presence of a child-
occupied facility when contracting to
perform renovation services in a public
or commercial building. However, a
statement by the building owner or
manager that there is no child-occupied
facility in the building may not be relied
upon in the face of evidence to the
contrary.
Several commenters felt that EPA had
inappropriately limited the space
encompassed by achild-occupied
facility in a public or commercial
building. These commenters thought
that EPA should follow the approach
used for common areas in multi-family
housing. Under this approach, the rule
would cover renovations for
compensation in all areas normally
accessible to the children using the
child-occupied facility. However,
children under age 6 are likely to spend
less time in the hallways and stairways
of public or commercial buildings than
they do in common areas in the
buildings where they live. It is also
likely that children under age 6 walking
to and from a child care center in an
office building, or to and from a
classroom in a school building, will be
closely supervised and will not be
permitted to walk through active
renovation work sites. Although some
exposure is possible in these areas, they
are more akin to general public and
commercial buildings that children may
enter but where they are not expected to
spend significant amounts of time than
to the exposures associated with child-
occupied facilities, and EPA's hazard
standards are applicable to residents
and residential-type settings. In
addition, EPA is concerned that
application of this final rule to all
common areas of public or commercial
buildings that may house a child-
occupied facility in a small portion of
the building would likely result in
minimal benefit to the children at a
potentially large cost.
c. Other public or commercial
buildings. A number of commenters
noted that TSCA section 402(c)(3)
directs EPA to address renovation or
remodeling activities that create lead-
based paint hazards not only in target
housing, but also in public buildings
constructed before 1978, and
commercial buildings. Most of these
commenters, commenting on the 2006
Proposal, expressed the greatest concern
over EPA's failure to address buildings
where young children spend significant
amounts of time, or child-occupied
facilities. However, a handful of
commenters argued that EPA also
needed to address other public and
commercial buildings under the
renovation, repair, and painting
program.
TSCA section 402(c)(3) provides
authority for EPA to regulate renovation
or remodeling activities that create lead-
based paint hazards. EPA has, by
regulation under TSCA section 403,
identified lead-based paint hazards for
purposes of Title IV. These hazard
standards were developed by evaluating
exposure patterns and hazard
information for young children and
taking into account costs and benefits.
They are only applicable in target
housing and child-occupied facilities,
places where young children are likely
to be present for significant periods of
time. Although EPA realizes that lead
exposure for older children and adults
can result in adverse health effects,
effects which are discussed in chapter 5
of the Final Economic Analysis for the
Lead Renovation, Repair, and Painting
Program ("Final Economic Analysis")
(Ref. 24), EPA has not evaluated the
exposure and hazard information for
these groups in the same way that it has
for young children. EPA has not
evaluated the potential adverse health
effects and associated them with a
specific level of surface dust that will
result in a blood lead level in an older
child or an adult that is likely to cause
a particular adverse effect. Nor has EPA
evaluated the potential health effects to
young children from the less frequent
exposures that might arise in public and
commercial buildings that are not child-
occupied facilities. At this time, EPA
does not have sufficient information
with which to conclude that renovation
and remodeling activities in buildings
not frequented by young children, e.g.,
public or commercial buildings that are
not child-occupied facilities, create
lead-based paint hazards because EPA's
TSCA section 403 hazard standards only
apply to target housing and child-
occupied facilities. EPA has no hazard
standards to apply in other situations.
Thus, this rule, like the Lead-based
Paint Activities Regulations, only
applies in target housing and child-
occupied facilities.
2. Activities covereda. Renovations
for compensation. This rule, like the
Pre-Renovation Education Rule, only
applies to persons who perform
renovations for compensation. As
discussed in the preamble to the 2007
Supplemental Proposal, for the
purposes of this regulation,
compensation includes pay for work
performed, such as that paid to
contractors and subcontractors; wages,
such as those paid to employees of
contractors, building owners, property
management companies, child-occupied
facility operators, State and local
government agencies, and non-profits;
and rent for target housing or public or
commercial building space.
Although the owner of rental property
may not be compensated for
maintenance and repair work at the time
that the work is performed, tenants
generally pay rent for the right to
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occupy rental space as well as for
maintenance services in that space.
Thus, renovations performed by
renovation contractors and their
employees in target housing or child-
occupied facilities are covered, as are
renovations by owners of rental target
housing or child-occupied facilities, if
the child-occupied facility leases space.
Renovations in target housing or in
child-occupied facilities are covered if
they are performed by employees of the
renovation contractor, the building
owner, the building manager, a State or
local government agency, a non-profit
organization, or the child-occupied
facility operator, and the employees
receive wages or other compensation for
the work performed. Child care
payments, in and of themselves, are not
considered compensation for
renovations. An agreement to provide
child care in exchange for a payment is
not a contract for building maintenance
services in the same way that a lease or
other agreement between a landlord and
a tenant generally is.
One commenter requested that EPA
consider payments for child care to be
compensation for renovations. A
number of other commenters expressed
a general concern over the fact that EPA
was not proposing to cover do-it-
yourself renovations in owner-occupied
target housing. Some of these
commenters cited research or
observations suggesting that improperly
performed renovations by homeowners,
relatives, or friends are equally likely, if
not more likely, to cause elevated blood
lead levels as renovations performed by
professional contractors. The most
commonly cited study for this
proposition was the Wisconsin
Childhood Blood-Lead Study,
commissioned by EPA as Phase III of the
Renovation and Remodeling Study
performed pursuant to TSCA section
402(c)(2). As described more fully in the
preamble to the 2006 Proposal, in
homes where renovation and
remodeling activities had been
performed, the analysis of the results of
the Wisconsin Study indicated the
following ordering of the five possible
responses to the question of who
performed the renovation and
remodeling, in order of highest to lowest
risk of increased odds of an elevated
blood lead level:
Relative or friend not in
household.
Paid professional.
Owner or building superintendent.
Head of household or spouse.
Other person in household.
As discussed in the preamble to the
2007 Supplemental Proposal, EPA does
not believe that child-care payments
represent compensation for renovations
in the same way that rent is.
Furthermore, as discussed in the Final
Economic Analysis, the overwhelming
majority of child-occupied facilities
covered by this final rule are located in
target housing. Some of that housing is
rental target housing, and renovations in
rental target housing are covered by this
final rule regardless of whether a child-
occupied facility is present. With
respect to child-occupied facilities
located in owner-occupied target
housing and do-it-yourself renovations
in owner-occupied target housing in
general, EPA believes that it would be
inconsistent with Congressional intent
to cover these renovations.
EPA has previously determined that
Congress was most concerned with the
certification and training of contractors,
not homeowners. In the preamble to the
proposed Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations, EPA reviewed section 1021
of the Residential Lead-Based Paint
Hazard Reduction Act of 1992, the
section that added Title IV to TSCA, and
determined that the emphasis under
section 402 of TSCA ought to be the
certification and training of contractors,
not homeowners (Ref. 23). In its review?,
EPA declared that TSCA section
402(c)(3), the section under which this
final rule is being issued, shows that
Congressional "focus was on the need to
regulate contractors doing renovation
and remodeling activities, and not
homeowners doing renovation and
remodeling of their own homes" (Ref.
23). Specifically, TSCA section 402(c)(3)
directs EPA to revise the TSCA section
402(a) Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations to apply to renovation and
remodeling activities. In so doing, EPA
is to determine "which contractors are
engaged in such activities." TSCA
section 402(c)(3) (emphasis added). EPA
thus interprets the statutory directive to
regulate remodeling and renovation
activities found in TSCA section
402(c)(3) as applying to contractors and
not a broader category of persons, such
as homeowners.
With respect to do-it-yourself
renovations in child-occupied facilities
in target housing, as stated above,
although payment is received in
exchange for childcare, EPA does not
consider this to be a contract for
building maintenance. As discussed in
the previous paragraph, Congress
intended to cover renovation
contractors, not homeowners who
perform renovations on their own
homes.
However, as previously discussed,
EPA intends to conduct an outreach and
education campaign designed to
encourage homeowners and other
building owners to follow lead-safe
work practices while performing
renovations or hire a certified
renovation firm to do so.
b. Definition of "renovation."The
universe of renovation activities covered
by this rule is virtually identical to the
renovation activities already regulated
under the Pre-Renovation Education
Rule-essentially, activities that modify
an existing structure and that result in
the disturbance of painted surfaces. All
types of repair, remodeling,
modernization, and weatherization
projects are covered, including projects
performed as part of another Federal,
State, or local program, if the projects
meet the definition of "renovation"
already codified in 40 CFR 745.83.
As discussed in Unit IV.B.3. of the
preamble to the 2006 Proposal, EPA
considered a number of options for
defining the term "renovation" for the
Pre-Renovation Education Rule, and
chose a definition that focuses on the
activities of greatest concern to EPA,
activities that disturb lead-based paint.
This definition also covers virtually all
of the types of activities in the
Environmental Field Sampling Study
that created lead-based paint hazards. In
this rulemaking, EPA received several
comments requesting clarification on
the definition; some of these
commenters were particularly interested
in the types of jobs that would be
covered by this definition. One
commenter requested that, if EPA
intended to cover maintenance and
repair projects and interim control
projects, the definition of "renovation"
be modified to specifically include
those projects. Another commenter
requested that EPA specifically mention
weatherization projects as an example of
the types of projects covered by the rule.
Several commenters suggested that the
definition should clearly delineate the
boundaries between renovation and
abatement.
EPA also received several responses
to its requests for comment on whether
to exclude any category of specialty
contractor and whether certain
renovation activities, such as HVAC
duct work, which may result in the
disturbance of limited amounts of lead-
based paint, should be specifically
included or excluded. A state agency
contended that exterior siding projects,
HVAC duct work, and wallpaper
removal should not be excluded, noting
that wallpaper removal was implicated
in a lead poisoning case the agency
investigated. Another commenter
argued that many interior and exterior
painting projects involve washing, scuff-
sanding, and scraping to remove loose
materials, and that such "common" and
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21709
"relatively benign" industry practices
should not be regulated. Other
commenters argued that there should be
no categorical exemption for any type of
specialty contractor. Most commenters
on this issue contended that the amount
of lead-based paint disturbed, rather
than the type of project or contractor
involved, should control the
applicability of the rule.
EPA specifically disagrees that scuff-
sanding and scraping are "benign,"
especially in light of the dust lead levels
generated by dry scraping in the Dust
Study. The geometric mean post-work,
pre-cleaning dust lead levels resulting
from dry scraping were 2,686 |^g/ft2.
After baseline cleaning procedures, the
geometric mean was still 66 |^g/ft2.
When the work practices required by
the final rule were used, the geometric
mean was 30 |^g/ft2. As stated above, all
of the renovation activities in the Dust
Study and the other studies in the
record for this final rule created lead-
based paint hazards. Therefore, this
regulation will not exempt any category
of specialty contractor or any specific
type of renovation. EPA notes, however,
that it has not prohibited the use of dry
scraping or dry hand sanding. More
information on prohibited renovation
practices can be found in Unit III.E.4. of
this preamble. EPA also notes that some
small jobs will be exempt from the
requirements of this final rule under the
minor repair and maintenance
exception.
EPA has also determined that, based
on the comments, some changes to the
proposed definition of the term
"renovation" are necessary to ensure
that everyone understands that all types
of building renovation, repair, and
painting projects are covered, so long as
painted surfaces are disturbed. The
following definition of "renovation"
will be incorporated into 40 CFR 745.83.
Renovation means the modification of
any existing structure, or portion
thereof, that results in the disturbance of
painted surfaces, unless that activity is
performed as part of an abatement as
defined by this part (40 CFR 745.223).
The term renovation includes (but is not
limited to): The removal, modification
or repair of painted surfaces or painted
components (e.g., modification of
painted doors, surface restoration,
window repair, surface preparation
activity (such as sanding, scraping, or
other such activities that may generate
paint dust)); the removal of building
components (e.g., walls, ceilings,
plumbing, windows); weatherization
projects (e.g., cutting holes in painted
surfaces to install blown-in insulation or
to gain access to attics, planing
thresholds to install weather-stripping),
and interim controls. A renovation
performed for the purpose of converting
a building, or part of a building, into
target housing or a child-occupied
facility is a renovation under this
subpart. The term renovation does not
include minor repair and maintenance
activities.
EPA added "repair," "surface
restoration," "window repair,"
"weatherization," and "interim
controls" to the definition to make it
clear that all of these activities are
covered by this definition if they disturb
painted surfaces. EPA also separated the
removal and the modification of
building components to provide clarity.
In addition, EPA provided examples of
weatherization activities and building
component removal. Finally, EPA added
a sentence to ensure that it is clear that
renovations performed to turn a
building into target housing or a child-
occupied facility are covered.
Thus, interim control projects and
weatherization projects that disturb
painted surfaces are renovations. In
addition, under this definition, the line
between renovation and abatement is
clear. Any renovation, repair,
maintenance, or painting project is a
renovation potentially covered by this
rule unless the purpose of the project is
to permanently eliminate lead-based
paint or lead-based paint hazards. In
that case, the project is an abatement.
Covered renovations must be performed
in accordance with 40 CFR part 745,
subpart E, while covered abatements
must be performed in accordance with
40 CFR part 745, subpart L.
3. Exceptionsa. Owner-occupied
target housing that is neither the
residence of a child under age 6 or a
pregnant woman, nor a child-occupied
facility. The 2006 Proposal proposed to
establish an exception that would allow
owner-occupants of target housing to
opt-out of having renovation firms use
the work practices that would be
required by the rule. The proposed
exception provided that if the owner-
occupant signed a statement that no
child under 6 resided there, the
renovation would be exempt from the
training, certification, and work practice
requirements of the regulation. The
2007 Supplemental Proposal narrowed
this exception. Under the 2007
Supplemental Proposal, owner-
occupied target housing where no child
under age 6 resides would not be
eligible for this exception if the housing
meets the definition of "child-occupied
facility." This final rule retains this
exception, but further narrows it to
exclude housing where pregnant women
reside. In addition, to make it clear to
the property owner what the effect of
the signed statement is, EPA has
modified the requirements to include an
acknowledgment by the owner that the
renovation firm will not be required to
use the lead-safe work practices
contained in EPA's renovation, repair,
and painting rule. Thus, unless the
target housing meets the definition of a
child-occupied facility, if an owner-
occupant signed a statement that no
child under 6 and no pregnant woman
reside there and an acknowledgment
that the renovation firm will not be
required to use the lead-safe work
practices contained in EPA's renovation,
repair, and painting rule, the renovation
activity is exempt from the training,
certification, and work practice
requirements of the rule. Conversely, if
the owner-occupant does not sign the
certification and acknowledgement
(even if no children under 6 or no
pregnant women reside there), or if the
owner-occupant chooses not to take
advantage of the exception for other
reasons, the exception does not apply
and the renovation is subject to the
requirements of this final rule.
EPA asked for and received numerous
comments on this aspect of the 2006
Proposal. Several commenters
supported EPA's focus on housing
where children under age 6 reside,
citing the need to target society's
resources towards the housing that
presents the greatest risk. One
commenter also noted that this
provision would help keep renovation
costs down for low-income homeowners
without children. Most commenters,
however, did not agree with EPA's
proposal to allow homeowners with no
children under age 6 who occupy their
own homes to opt out of the rule's
requirements. These commenters cited a
number of reasons for their position,
including the fact that children visit
homes where they do not reside, and
newly renovated housing may be sold to
a family with young children regardless
of whether children were in residence
when the renovation occurred.
Commenters also expressed concern
about pregnant women, given that the
transplacental transfer of lead in
humans is well documented, and
infants are generally born with a lead
body burden reflecting that of the
mother. This led some commenters to
suggest that women of child-bearing age
and girls between the ages of 6 and 14
also deserve special protection, because
any lead body burden that they acquire
through uncontrolled renovations will
be passed on to any children they may
eventually have.
EPA has carefully considered the
issues and concerns raised with respect
to exceptions to the rule. On the one
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hand, EPA agrees with the commenters
that believed it was important to focus
this regulation on the housing that
presents the greatest risk to young
children. EPA is mindful of the impacts
this regulation may have on the
affordability of renovations, particularly
for low-income homeowners. EPA
believes that primarily focusing
society's resources on the housing that
presents the greatest risk to children is
consistent with Congressional intent. In
the Senate report on Title X, Congress
noted the need "for a flexible, targeted
approach for protecting children from
exposure to lead hazards while
maintaining housing affordability" (Ref.
25). The report also noted that
"exposure to lead is primarily caused by
ingesting paint dust or chips," which is
the route of exposure of concern
primarily for young children, ages 18-
27 months. Indeed, in the Congressional
findings for Title X, Congress focused
on the lead poisoning of children and
the need to address this as a national
priority. [Sec. 1002, Public Law 102-
550]. The focus on children can also be
inferred from the very definition of
"target housing" which on the one hand
excludes housing for the elderly and
disabled "unless a child under six
resides or is expected to reside" there.
Similarly, this final rule focuses on the
population most at risk and does not
provide any exceptions if a child under
age 6 resides in the target housing to be
renovated.
On the other hand, EPA understands
and shares some of the concerns
expressed by those commenters who did
not support an exception for owner-
occupied target housing where no child
under 6 resides. In balancing these
countervailing considerations, EPA has
further limited this exception to owner-
occupied target housing that does not
meet the definition of a child-occupied
facility because no child under 6 is
present on a regular basis and in which
no pregnant women reside. This has the
effect of focusing this regulation
primarily on renovations performed in
buildings where children under age 6
reside or spend a great deal of time or
in which a pregnant woman resides.
With regard to older children and
adults, it is important to remember that
the hazards presented by a particular
floor or windowsill dust lead level are
markedly different for a toddler than for
an older child or an adult. As discussed
in EPA's most recent Air Quality
Criteria for Lead document, hand-to-
mouth behavior is an important means
of exposure for children. The period of
peak exposure, reflected in peak blood
lead levels, is around 18-27 months
when hand-to-mouth activity is at its
maximum. This leads to a high rate of
ingestion of dust at a time when
children are believed to be particularly
vulnerable to the neurological effects of
lead exposure. While lead exposure
continues to affect older children and
adults, these individuals do not ingest
dust at the same high rate that a toddler
does. Therefore, the same floor dust
level will present a much greater hazard
for the young child than it will for the
older child or adult. The lead-based
paint hazard standards in 40 CFR part
745, subpart D, were established with
reference to impacts on childhood blood
lead levels based principally on hand-
to-mouth activity, and EPA has not
assessed the effect of dust lead levels or
other potential sources of lead-based
paint hazards on older children or
adults.
However, EPA is particularly
concerned about exposure to pregnant
women because while the exposure
patterns for small children and older
children and adults are different, once
exposed a pregnant woman can transfer
lead to the developing fetus.
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that
lead freely crosses the placenta resulting
in continued fetal exposure throughout
pregnancy. Of particular concern is
transfer to the developing brain of the
fetus across the poorly developed blood
brain barrier. Further, a significant
proportion of lead transferred from the
mother is incorporated into the
developing skeletal system of the
offspring, where it can serve as a
continuing source of toxic exposure
(Ref. 1). Thus, EPA agrees with the
commenters who believed it is
important to ensure that the work
practices required in this final rule are
followed in homes where a pregnant
woman resides.
EPA also acknowledges the concern
expressed by a number of commenters
that newly renovated housing will be
sold to a family with young children. If
the renovation was not performed in
accordance with the work practices
prescribed by this rule, a dust-lead
hazard may be present in the home.
However, EPA does not believe it is an
effective use of society's resources to
impose this final rule requirements on
all renovations in order to account for
the portion of homes without young
children that will be sold to families
with young children following
renovations. Moreover, the Disclosure
Rule, 40 CFR part 745, subpart F,
requires sellers of target housing to
disclose known lead-based paint or
lead-based paint hazard information to
purchasers and provide them with a
copy of the lead hazard information
pamphlet entitledProtect Your Family
From Lead in Your Home (Ref. 7). In the
situation described by the commenters,
the receipt of this information should
prompt the family to inquire about
potential lead-based paint hazards in
the home, particularly if one of the
selling points is that areas of the home
have been recently renovated. In
addition, EPA continues to recommend
that purchasers take advantage of their
statutory opportunity to have a lead-
based paint inspection or risk
assessment done while in the process of
purchasing target housing.
In response to comments expressing
concern about this exception from this
final rule, EPA has further considered
the proposed owner-occupant
acknowledgement statement and
concluded that it is important that
homeowners understand the effect of
the acknowledgement. Accordingly,
EPA has clarified and expanded the
acknowledgement language to ensure
that it is clear and consistent. In
addition, EPA would like to make it
clear that even if the housing to be
renovated qualifies for this exception,
the homeowner may always choose to
have the renovation firm follow? the
work practices required by this rule. For
example, the homeowner may be
concerned about potential exposures for
visiting children who do not visit often
enough to make the housing a child-
occupied facility. The homeowner may
also be concerned that she may be
pregnant, even though she is not yet
certain. EPA has added a statement to
the sample acknowledgment form that
would allow the homeowner to state
that the housing does qualify for the
exception, but the homeowner wishes
the renovation firm to follow the
requirements of this rule anyway.
EPA would like to reiterate that this
exception applies only to target housing
that is occupied by its owner. For a
number of reasons, this exception is not
available in rental target housing,
whether young children are present or
not. First, tenants are likely to have
much less control over renovations in
their housing than owners. Next, as
pointed out by some commenters, there
is more turnover in rental housing than
in owner-occupied housing. In many
cases, renovations are done between
tenants and it may not be known who
will be occupying the unit next. Finally,
as noted by at least two commenters,
exempting renovations in rental housing
that is not occupied by a child under
age 6 could cause discrimination in the
rental housing market against families
with young children. Nearly all of the
commenters on this issue agreed with
this approach.
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21711
Several commenters expressed
reservations about the ability of
renovation firms to determine whether
housing to be renovated is eligible for
this exception. As discussed in both
proposals, EPA believes that it could be
difficult for a renovation firm to
determine whether a child under age 6
resides in a particular unit of target
housing or whether the housing is a
child-occupied facility or whether a
woman is pregnant. EPA will therefore
allow renovation firms to rely on a
signed statement from the owner of the
housing that he or she is the owner of
the housing to be renovated, that he or
she resides in the housing to be
renovated, that no child under 6 or
pregnant woman resides there, that the
housing does not meet the definition of
a child-occupied facility, and that the
owner acknowledges that the renovation
firm will not be required to use the lead-
safe work practices contained in this
final rule. In the absence of such a
signed statement, the renovation firm
must comply with all of the regulation's
requirements. If the renovation firm
obtains such a statement, the renovation
firm is not subject to the work practice
and other requirements of this final rule.
EPA will not hold the renovation firm
responsible for misrepresentations on
the part of the owner of the housing.
Renovations in common areas of owner-
occupied multi-unit target housing,
such as condominiums, must be
performed in accordance with the
requirements of this rule unless the
renovation firm obtains a signed
statement from each occupant with
access to the common area that the
occupant is the owner of the housing
unit, that he or she resides there, that no
child under age 6 or pregnant woman
resides there, that the housing does not
meet the definition of child-occupied
facility, and that the owner understands
that the renovation firm will not be
required to use the work practices
contained in this final rule.
Finally, some commenters argued that
TSCA section 402(c)(3) requires EPA to
cover all renovations in target housing
regardless of whether the housing is the
residence of a child under age 6 or a
child-occupied facility. This regulation
covers all target housing. In order to
perfect a claim for the exception for
owner-occupied target housing that is
not the residence of a child under age
6 or a pregnant woman or a child-
occupied facility, the renovation firm
must obtain the owner's signature on a
form indicating that the housing
qualifies for the exception and the
owner is opting out of the training,
certification, and work practice
requirements of this rule. In addition,
the form and regulation provide the
option for a homeowner to request that
the work conform to the requirements of
this final rule even in homes without
young children or pregnant women.
EPA believes homeowners without
young children or who reside in homes
without pregnant women should be able
to choose whether or not work done in
their own homes conforms to the
requirements of this final rule. EPA has
determined that allowing these owner-
occupants to opt out of the training,
certification, and work practice
requirements of the rule does not
significantly compromise the safety and
effectiveness of this rule because the
limitations on the applicability of the
exception with respect to children
under 6 and pregnant women serve to
minimize the possibility that a young
child or a pregnant woman will be
exposed to a lead-based paint hazard
resulting from a renovation in target
housing.
b. Renovations affecting only
components free of regulated lead-based
painti. Determination by certified
inspector or risk assessor. In keeping
with the 2006 Proposal and the 2007
Supplemental Proposal, this final rule
exempts renovations that affect only
components that a certified inspector or
risk assessor has determined are free of
paint or other surface coatings that
contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0
mg/cm2 or 0.5% by weight. These
standards are from the definition of
lead-based paint in Title X and in EPA's
implementing regulations. Nearly all of
the commenters that expressed an
opinion on this topic favored this
exception. The determination that any
particular component is free of lead-
based paint may be made as part of a
lead-based paint inspection of an entire
housing unit or building, or on a
component-by-component basis.
Some commenters expressed
confusion over the mechanics of this
exception. The certified inspector or
risk assessor determines whether
components contain lead-based paint,
while the renovation firm is responsible
for determining which components will
be affected by the renovation. A
renovation firm may rely on the report
of a past inspection or risk assessment
that addresses the components that will
be disturbed by the renovation.
ii. Determination by certified
renovator using EPA -recognized test
kits. Also in accordance with both of the
proposals, this final rule exempts
renovations that affect only components
that a certified renovator, using a test kit
recognized by EPA, determines are free
of lead-based paint. EPA has deleted the
regulatory thresholds for lead-based
paint from this definition because they
unnecessarily complicate the exception.
As discussed in Unit III.C.I. of this
preamble, a certified renovator is a
person who has taken an accredited
course in work practices. This training
will include how to properly use the
EPA-approved test kits. This final rule
also establishes the process EPA will
use to recognize test kits.
As discussed in the preamble to the
2006 Proposal, research on the use of
currently available kits for testing lead
in paint has been published by the
National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) (Ref. 26). The
research indicates that there are test kits
on the market that, when used by a
trained professional, can reliably
determine that regulated lead-based
paint is not present by virtue of a
negative result. Based on this research,
EPA proposed to initially recognize test
kits that have, for paint containing lead
at or above the regulated level, 1.0 mg/
cm2 or 0.5% by weight, a demonstrated
probability (with 95% confidence) of a
negative response less than or equal to
5% of the time.
Some commenters, representing a
variety of interests, supported an
exception for renovations affecting
components that have been found to be
free of regulated lead-based paint by use
of a test kit. One commenter cited the
need for faster and cheaper methods of
accurately checking for lead and
expressed the opinion that this
approach will expand access to lead
screening in homes. Several comments
were generally supportive, with some
reservations about kit reliability.
However, most commenters did not
favor the use of test kits. The most
commonly cited reason for not
supporting this approach was the
potential conflict-of-interest present in
having the certified renovator be the one
to determine whether or not he or she
must use the work practices required by
the rule. EPA addressed potential
conflicts-of-interest in its lead-based
paint program in the preamble to the
final Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations. That discussion outlined
two reasons for not requiring that
inspections or risk assessments,
abatements, and post-abatement
clearance testing all be performed by
different entities. The first was the cost
savings and convenience of being able
to hire just one firm to perform all
necessary lead-based paint activities.
The second was the potential regional
scarcity of firms to perform the work.
These considerations may also be
applicable to the renovation sector,
given the premium on maintaining a
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rule that is simple and streamlined and
does not unduly prolong the timeframes
for completing renovations. Moreover, it
is not unusual in regulatory programs to
allow regulated entities to make
determinations affecting regulatory
applicability and compliance. See, e.g.,
40 CFR 262.11 (hazardous waste
determinations by waste generators
under RCRA). EPA has decided to take
an approach that is consistent with the
approach taken in the 402(a) lead-based
Paint Activities regulation and not
require third party testing.
Another commonly cited reason for
not supporting the use of test kits by
certified renovators was the lack of any
sampling protocol in the regulation. A
related concern was that the training in
sampling techniques and protocols in
the lead-based paint inspector course
could not be shortened to fit within the
8hour renovator course and still retain
all of the necessary information. EPA
wishes to make it clear that the 8-hour
renovator course will not train
renovators in how to select components
for sampling because the certified
renovator must use a test kit on each
component affected by the renovation.
The only exception to this is when the
components make up an integrated
whole, such as the individual stair
treads and risers in a staircase. In this
situation, the renovator need test only
one such individual component, e.g., a
single stair tread, unless it is obvious to
therenovator that the individual
components have been repainted or
refinished separately. As such, a
complicated sampling protocol is not
necessary. EPA plans to modify the
EPA/HUD Lead Safe Work Practices
course to include training on how to use
a test kit. To ensure that the
applicability of the exception is clear,
EPA has also modified 40 CFR
745.82(a)(2) to specifically state that the
certified renovator must test each of the
components that will be affected by the
renovation.
iii. Phased implementation and
improved test kits. Under the proposals,
the regulatory requirements would have
taken effect in two major stages, based
on the age of the building being
renovated. The first stage would have
applied to renovations in target housing
and child-occupied facilities built
before 1960. Requirements for
renovations in target housing and child-
occupied facilities built between 1960
and 1978 would have taken effect 1 year
later. The primary reason for this
phased implementation was to allow
time for the development of improved
test kits.
According to the National Survey of
Lead and Allergens in Housing, 24% of
the housing constructed between 1960
and 1978 contains lead-based paint (Ref.
27). In contrast, 69% of the housing
constructed between 1940 and 1959,
and 87% of the housing constructed
before 1940 contains lead-based paint.
The results of this survey indicate that
there is a much greater likelihood of
disturbing lead-based paint during a
renovation that occurs in a home built
before 1960 than in a home built after
that date. The NIST research on existing
test kits shows that existing test kits
cannot reliably determine that lead is
present in paint only above the statutory
levels because the kits are sensitive to
lead at levels below the Federal
standards that define lead-based paint,
and therefore are prone to a large
number of false positive results (i.e., a
positive result when regulated lead-
based paint is, in fact, not present). The
NIST research found that such false
positive rates range from 42% to 78%.
This means that the currently available
kits are not an effective means of
identifying the 76% of homes built
between 1960 and 1978 that do not
contain regulated lead-based paint.
Research conducted by EPA
subsequent to the publication of the
2006 Proposal confirms that the
sensitivity of test kits could be adjusted
for paint testing so that the results from
the kits reliably correspond to one of the
two Federal standards for lead-based
paint, 1.0 mg/cm2 and 0.5% by weight.
EPA's research and initial contacts with
potential kit manufacturers also indicate
that this can be accomplished in the
near future. As stated in the preamble to
the 2006 Proposal, EPA's goal is to
foster the development of a kit that can
reliably be used by a person with
minimal training, is inexpensive,
provides results within an hour, and is
demonstrated to have a false positive
rate of no more than 10% and a false
negative rate at 1.0 mg/cm2 or 0.5% by
weight of less than 5%. EPA is
confident that improved test kits
meeting EPA's benchmarks will be
commercially available by September
2010.
With this in mind, EPA felt that a
staged approach would initially address
the renovations that present the greatest
risks to children under age 6, i.e., the
renovations that are most likely to
disturb lead-based paint, while allowing
additional time to ensure that the
improved test kits are commercially
available before phasing in the
applicability of the rule to newer target
housing and child-occupied facilities.
However, EPA was concerned about
delaying implementation for post-1960
target housing and child-occupied
facilities that are occupied or used by
children under age 6 with increased
blood lead levels. In order to reduce the
possibility that an unregulated
renovation activity would contribute to
continuing exposures for these children,
the 2006 Proposal would have required
renovation firms, during the first year
that the training, certification, work
practice and recordkeeping
requirements are in effect, to provide
owners and occupants of target housing
built between 1960 and 1978 and child-
occupied facilities built between 1960
and 1978 the opportunity to inform the
firm that the building to be renovated is
the residence of, or is a child-occupied
facility frequented by, a child under age
6 with a blood lead level that equals or
exceeds the CDC level of concern, or a
lower State or local government level of
concern. If the owner or occupant
informs the renovation firm that a child
under age 6 with an increased blood
lead level lives in or frequents the
building to be renovated, the renovation
firm must comply with all of the
training, certification, work practice,
and recordkeeping requirements of this
regulation.
Some commenters agreed that a
staged approach was probably
necessary, given the number of
renovations that would be covered by
the rule, and that a focus on buildings
built before 1960 was appropriate.
However, most commenters objected to
the phased implementation. Some were
concerned about the potential exposures
to children in buildings built between
1960 and 1978 during the first stage of
the rule. Another major concern
expressed by commenters was that the
phased implementation would
unnecessarily complicate the rule,
especially with the provision relating to
children under age 6 with increased
blood lead levels. These commenters
felt that, because there already are
accurate methods for determining
whether a building contains lead-based
paint, and because renovation firms
ought to get into the habit of working in
a lead-safe manner whenever they are
working on a building built before 1978,
the utility of the delay does not
outweigh the likely confusion in the
regulated community. Commenters also
expressed reservations about providing
sensitive medical information to
contractors, in the case of children
under age 6 with increased blood lead
levels.
After reviewing the comments and
weighing all of the factors, including
EPA's expectation that the improved
test kits will be commercially available
by September 2010, EPA has decided
not to include a phased implementation
in this rulemaking. Therefore, this
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21713
regulation will take effect at the same
time for target housing and child-
occupied facilities regardless of whether
they were built before or after 1960.
Nonetheless, if the improved test kits
are not commercially available by
September 2010, EPA will initiate a
rulemaking to extend the effective date
of this final rule for 1 year with respect
to owner-occupied target housing built
after 1960.
iv. Test kit recognition process. In the
2006 Proposal, EPA described proposed
criteria for test kit recognition.
Specifically, for paint containing lead at
or above the regulated level, 1.0 mg/cm2
or 0.5% by weight, EPA stated its
intention to only recognize kits that
have a demonstrated probability (with
95% confidence) of a negative response
less than or equal to 5% of the time. In
addition, as soon as the improved test
kits are generally available, EPA
proposed to recognize only those test
kits that have a demonstrated
probability (with 95% confidence) of a
false positive response of no more than
10% to lead in paint at levels below the
regulated level. EPA stated its belief that
limiting recognition to kits that
demonstrate relatively low rates of false
positives would benefit the consumer by
reducing the number of times that the
training and work practice requirements
of this regulation are followed in the
absence of regulated lead-based paint.
EPA also proposed to require that these
performance parameters be validated by
a laboratory independent of the kit
manufacturer, using ASTM
International's E1828, Standard Practice
for Evaluating the Performance
Characteristics of Qualitative Chemical
Spot Test Kits for Lead in Paint (Ref. 28)
or an equivalent validation method. In
addition, the instructions for use of any
particular kit would have to conform to
the results of the validation, and the
certified renovator would have to follow?
the manufacturer's instructions when
using the kit. EPA requested comment
on whether these standards are
reasonably achievable and sufficiently
protective. EPA also solicited input on
how to conduct the kit recognition
process.
Some commenters expressed
reservations about the proposed
performance criteria, contending that a
false negative rate of 5% is too high to
be protective. However, a 5% false
negative rate (with 95% confidence) is
similar to the performance requirements
for other lead-based paint testing
methods, such as laboratory analysis
used for lead-based paint inspections,
and is considered to be the statistical
equivalent of zero. Therefore, this final
rule retains the proposed false-negative
criteria for test kit recognition, i.e., for
paint containing lead at or above the
regulated level, 1.0 mg/cm2 or 0.5% by
weight, kits will be only recognized if
they have a demonstrated probability
(with 95% confidence) of a negative
response less than or equal to 5% of the
time. Because no comments were
received on the proposed false-positive
criteria of 10% for the improved test
kits, this final rule also retains the
proposed false-positive criteria for the
improved kits, i.e., after the improved
kits are available, the only test kits that
will be recognized are those that have a
demonstrated probability (with 95%
confidence) of a false positive response
of no more than 10% to lead in paint at
levels below the regulated level.
EPA did not receive any comments or
suggestions on the test kit recognition
process itself. With respect to existing
test kits, EPA has determined that the
NIST research (Ref. 26) is the equivalent
of an independent laboratory validation
of test kit performance. The NIST
research found that three kits met the
false-negative criteria established in this
final rule. For the purposes of this
regulation, EPA will therefore recognize
these test kits, provided that they still
use the same formulation that was
evaluated by NIST. These test kits will
be recognized by EPA until EPA
publicizes its recognition of the first
improved test kit.
With respect to the improved test kits,
EPA has determined that Environmental
Technology Verification Program (ETV)
is a suitable vehicle for obtaining
independent laboratory validation of
test kit performance. EPA intends to use
ETV or an equivalent testing program
approved by EPA for the test kit
recognition process. The goal of the ETV
Program is to provide independent,
objective, and credible performance data
for commercial-ready environmental
technologies. The ETV process promotes
these technologies implementation for
the benefit of purchasers, permitters,
vendors and the public. If ETV is used,
EPA would utilize the Environmental
and Sustainable Technology Evaluations
(ESTE) element of the ETV program
because the development of the test kits
is in support of this final rule, and the
ESTE element was created in 2005 to
address Agency priorities such as rule
making. More information on this
program is available on EPA's website at
http://www.epa.gov/etv/index.html.
In the 2006 Proposal, EPA noted that
it would look to ASTM International's
E1828, Standard Practice for Evaluating
the Performance Characteristics of
Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for
Lead in Paint (Ref. 28) or equivalent for
a validation method for test kits. With
the input of stakeholders, EPA is
adapting this ASTM Standard for use in
the laboratory validation program. The
testing protocol will consist of an
evaluation of the performance of the test
kits, using the manufacturer's
instructions, on various substrates, such
as wood, steel, drywall, and plaster,
with various lead compounds, such as
lead carbonate and lead chromate, at
various lead concentrations above and
below regulatory threshold for lead-
based paint. To be consistent with the
performance criteria of the National
Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program,
the testing protocol will not involve
testing the performance of the kits on
paint that contains between 0.8
milligrams of lead per square centimeter
and 1.2 milligrams of lead per square
centimeter. After a test kit has gone
through the ETV or other EPA approved
testing process, EPA will review the test
report to determine whether the kit has
been demonstrated to achieve the
criteria set forth in the rule. EPA
anticipates that evaluation of the
improved test kits under the recognition
program will begin by August 2009.
In addition, EPA intends to allow
other existing test kit manufacturers the
opportunity to demonstrate that their
kits meet the false negative criteria
described in 40 CFR 745.88(c)(l) by
going through the ETV process. Any
recognition granted to test kits based
only on the false negative criteria will
expire when EPA publicizes its
recognition of the first improved test kit
that meets both the false negative and
false positive criteria of 40 CFR
745.88(c).
Beginning on September 1, 2008,
EPA's ETV program will accept
applications for testing from test kit
manufacturers. Applications must be
submitted, along with a sufficient
number of kits and the instructions for
using the kits, to EPA. The test kit
manufacturer should first visit the
following website for information on
where to apply: http://www.epa.gov/etv/
howtoapply.html.
c. Minor repair and maintenance.
EPA proposed to incorporate into this
regulation the minor maintenance
exception for the Pre-Renovation
Education Rule. The proposed minor
maintenance exception would have
applied to projects that disturb 2 ft2 or
less of painted surface per component.
The preamble to the 2006 Proposal
discusses the history of this exception
and requested comment on potential
changes. In particular, EPA noted that
HUD's Lead Safe Housing Rule, at 20
CFR 35.1350(d), includes a de minimis
exception for projects that disturb 2 ft2
or less of painted surface per room for
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interior projects, 20 ft2 or less of painted
exterior surfaces, and 10% or less of the
total surface area on an interior or
exterior type of component with a small
surface area. If less than this amount of
painted surface is disturbed, HUD's
lead-safe work practice requirements do
not apply. EPA's lead-based Paint
Activities Regulation incorporates this
as an exception for small projects at 40
CFR 745.65(d). EPA requested comment
on whether the minor maintenance
exception in this regulation should be
consistent with other EPA regulations
and the HUD Lead Safe Housing Rule.
This provision describes the
applicability of the Pre-Renovation
Education Rule as well as this final rule.
Most commenters expressed support
for consistency in the various lead-
based paint regulations administered by
EPA and HUD. They noted that a
consistent exception for small projects
or minor maintenance would be easier
for the regulated community to apply.
Many of these commenters
recommended 2 ft2 for interior projects
and 20 ft2 on exterior surfaces. While
some commenters supported a "per
component" exception, several
commenters specifically noted that the
"per component" aspect of the existing
Pre-Renovation Education Rule
exception was problematic in that it
could result in the disturbance of large
areas of painted surfaces in a single
room. Other commenters recommended
that the threshold area for the exception
be made smaller or the exception
abolished. These commenters noted that
even very small projects have the
potential to create lead-based paint
hazards and that, rather than worrying
about the applicability of the exception,
renovation firms should just get into the
habit of performing every project in a
lead-safe manner. Other commenters
suggested that EPA consider a larger
threshold area for the exception, or an
exception based on other factors, such
as time spent performing an activity.
EPA recognizes that, depending upon
the methods used to disturb lead-based
paint, very small disturbances can
release a great deal of lead. EPA also
understands the practicality of a minor
maintenance exception.
In weighing these competing
considerations, EPA has decided to
incorporate in this final rule a minor
maintenance exception for projects that
disturb 6 ft2 or less of painted surface
per room for interiors and 20 ft2 or less
of painted surface on exteriors. This
addresses the concerns of those
commenters who supported a "per
component" exception while still
limiting the overall amount of paint that
can be disturbed in a single room during
a single project. As in the 2006
Proposal, this exception is not available
for window replacement projects. In
contrast to the Proposal, this exception
is only available for projects that do not
use any of the work practices prohibited
or restricted by 40 CFR 745.85(a)(3) and
that do not involve demolition of
painted surface areas.
EPA remains convinced that the
distinction between renovation and
minor maintenance activities is an
important part of implementing this
program. Congress directed EPA to
address renovation and remodeling. In
ordinary usage, minor maintenance
activities that might disturb lead-based
paint (e.g., removing a face plate for an
electric switch to repair a loose
connection, adding a new cable TV
outlet, or removing a return air grill to
service the HVAC system) are not
normally considered home renovations.
EPA believes that minor repair and
maintenance activities that cover 6 ft2 or
less per room and 20 ft2 or less for
exteriors and that do not involve
prohibited practices, demolition or
window replacement would not
ordinarily be considered renovation or
remodeling but would better be
described as minor work on the home or
COF. EPA also believes that a typical
minor repair and maintenance activity
would not normally involve the use of
high dust generating machinery such as
those prohibited or restricted by this
rule. To make the distinction between
renovations and minor repair and
maintenance activities clear, EPA has
added a definition of "minor repair and
maintenance activities" to 40 CFR
745.83. This term is defined as follows:
Minor repair and maintenance activities"
are activities, including minor heating,
ventilation or air conditioning work,
electrical work, and plumbing, that disrupt 6
square feet or less of painted surface per
room for interior activities or 20 square feet
or less of painted surface for exterior
activities where none of the work practices
prohibited or restricted by § 745.85(a)(3) are
used and where the work does not involve
window replacement or demolition of
painted surface areas. When removing
painted components, or portions of painted
components, the entire surface area removed
is the amount of painted surface disturbed.
Jobs, other than emergency renovations,
performed in the same room within the same
30 days must be considered the same job for
the purpose of determining whether the job
is a minor repair and maintenance activity.
To accommodate this new definition
of "minor repair and maintenance
activities," the definition of
"renovation" in § 745.83 has also been
changed to include the following
sentence: "The term renovation does not
include minor repair and maintenance
activities." As a result of these two
definitional changes, the reference to
minor maintenance in 40 CFR
745.82(a)(l) is no longer necessary.
Therefore, when engaged in minor
repair and maintenance activities as
defined in 40 CFR 745.83, renovation
firms and renovators are not covered by
this rule. EPA believes this approach-
eliminating the per-component
limitation in favor of an overall size cap,
and prohibiting practices that EPA
believes are inconsistent with minor
maintenance work and that generate
very high lead dust loadings-is a
reasonable balance of the considerations
identified by commenters and
considered by EPA.
Several commenters expressed
concerns about how the exception
would be applied, and whether various
activities would be covered by the rule
or exempt under the minor maintenance
exception. Window replacement was of
interest to several commenters, who
referred to EPA's previous guidance on
window replacement under the Pre-
Renovation Education Rule (Ref. 29).
That guidance states that window
replacement, for various reasons, cannot
qualify for the minor maintenance
exception. EPA knows of no reason why
this interpretation should be changed.
In fact, contrary to the assertions of
some commenters, the Dust Study found
that window replacement was one of the
more hazardous jobs. The geometric
mean of the lead content of floor dust
samples taken in the work area after the
window replacement projects was 3,003
Hg/ft2 (Ref. 17, at 6-11). In addition,
EPA does not believe that window
replacement is within the common
understanding of the meaning of either
minor repair or maintenance. EPA has
specifically included language in the
definition of "minor repair and
maintenance activities" to make it clear
that window replacements cannot
qualify.
Two commenters contended that,
when determining whether wall or
ceiling cut-outs exceed the minor
maintenance exception, the painted
surface disturbed should be measured
by multiplying the length of the cut by
its width, as opposed to the total size of
the cut-out. EPA disagrees with these
commenters. For cut-outs, the
calculation is made for the entire area of
surface being disturbed, e.g., the area of
the cut-out, for the following reasons:
The removed portion can flex or be
broken during the removal process and
the paint can flake off;
The removed portion can fall on
the floor and be trampled upon; or
The removed portion may not be
removed as a single piece.
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21715
Calculating the amount of painted
surface disturbed in the manner that the
commenters suggested would also
complicate the rule and be more
difficult to convey during the renovator
training course. In response to these
comments, EPA has inserted clarifying
language on this into the text of the
definition of "minor repair and
maintenance activities" at 40 CFR
745.83.
One commenter recommended that
EPA prohibit splitting work, i.e.,
conducting a single project as several
minor maintenance activities in the
same room in a short time (like a month)
in order to avoid the regulatory
requirements. EPA agrees with this
commenter. It has always been EPA's
interpretation of the Pre-Renovation
Education Rule that renovators could
not artificially split up projects in order
to avoid having to provide the
pamphlet. In response to this comment,
EPA has inserted clarifying language on
this into the definition of "minor repair
and maintenance activities" at 40 CFR
745.83. This definition states that jobs,
other than emergency renovations,
performed in the same room within the
same 30 days must be considered the
same job for the purpose of determining
whether the job is a minor repair and
maintenance activity.
d. Emergency projects. Both the 2006
Proposal and the 2007 Supplemental
Proposal proposed to retain the
emergency project exception in the Pre-
Renovation Education Rule with one
modification. EPA proposed to clarify
that interim control projects performed
on an expedited basis in response to an
elevated blood lead level finding in a
resident child qualify for the emergency
project exception from the Pre-
Renovation Education Rule
requirements. As discussed in the 2006
Proposal, EPA was concerned that local
public health organizations may be
delayed in responding to a lead-
poisoned child if the owner of the
building where the child resides is not
available to acknowledge receipt of the
lead hazard information pamphlet
before an interim control project begins.
In addition, EPA recognized that some
emergencies could make it difficult to
comply with all of the training,
certification, work practice, and
recordkeeping requirements. For
example, a broken water pipe may make
it impossible to contain the work area
before beginning to disturb painted
surfaces to get to the pipe. The proposed
emergency project exception would
have required firms to comply with the
work practice, training, certification,
and recordkeeping requirements to the
extent practicable.
EPA received a number of comments
on this aspect of the 2006 Proposal.
Several recognized the need for such an
exception, but most of the commenters
were concerned that the language of the
proposal would make it possible for
renovation firms to circumvent the
training, certification, and work practice
controls when performing interim
controls in response to a child with an
elevated blood lead level. A number of
these commenters, as well as several
others, urged EPA to be more specific
about which requirements could be
bypassed in particular situations. EPA
agrees with these commenters. It never
was EPA's intention to allow firms
performing interim controls in response
to a poisoned child to use untrained
workers or work in a manner not
consistent with the work practices
required by this rule.
EPA has therefore revised the
exception to specifically state that
interim controls performed in response
to a child with an elevated blood lead
level are only exempt from the
information distribution requirements,
which is consistent with the current
Pre-Renovation Education Rule. EPA
has also modified the exception to state
that emergency renovations are only
exempt to the extent necessary to
respond to the emergency from the
training, certification, sign posting, and
containment requirements of this
regulation. For example, most property
management companies who do their
own maintenance are likely to have at
least one trained and certified renovator
on staff to perform renovations, so these
companies should be able to comply
with the training and certification
requirements on all renovations.
Likewise, firms performing emergency
renovations should be able to follow? the
required cleaning procedures after
emergency repairs have been made. As
such, under the final rule, in all cases
the cleaning specified by the regulation
must be performed and it must be
performed or directed by certified
renovators. In addition, in all cases, the
cleaning verification requirements of
this regulation must be performed and
they must be performed by a certified
renovator. In response to one
commenter who requested that EPA
require firms to document their inability
to comply with all of the regulatory
provisions in emergencies, EPA has
included such a requirement in 40 CFR
745.86(b)(7). Finally, EPA has removed
the word "operations" from the
exception, in response to one
commenter who suggested that the word
is unnecessary and confusing. EPA
agrees that the word "operations" is
unnecessary in its description of
emergency renovations. EPA intends to
continue interpreting the term
"emergency renovations" in the same
way that it always has done, except that
EPA has clarified that interim controls
performed in response to a child with
an elevated blood-lead level can be an
emergency renovation.
B. Pre-Renovation Education
The Pre-Renovation Education Rule,
promulgated pursuant to TSCA section
406(b) and codified at 40 CFR part 745,
subpart E, requires renovators to
provide owners and occupants of target
housing with a lead hazard information
pamphlet before beginning a renovation
in the housing (Ref. 8). The pamphlet
currently used for this purpose, "Protect
Your Family From Lead in Your Home,"
was developed in accordance with
TSCA section 406(a) and includes
useful information on lead-based paint
and lead-based paint hazards in general.
This pamphlet is also used to provide
lead hazard information to purchasers
and renters of target housing under the
Requirements for Disclosure of
Information Concerning lead-Based
Paint in Housing "Lead Disclosure
Rule" (Ref. 30).
1. New renovation-specific pamphlet.
EPA has developed a new lead hazard
information pamphlet that addresses
renovation-specific lead exposure
concerns. The development of this
pamphlet, including the public
comments received on the format and
content, is discussed in greater detail in
a separate notice published elsewhere in
today's Federal Register. This new
renovation-specific pamphlet, entitled
Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families, Child Care
Providers and Schools will better inform
families about the risks of exposure to
lead-based paint hazards created during
renovations and promote the use of
work practices and other health and
safety measures during renovation
activities (Ref. 31). This new pamphlet
gives information on lead-based paint
hazards, lead testing, how to select a
contractor, what precautions to take
during the renovation, and proper
cleanup activities, while still
incorporating the information already
included in the original "Protect Your
Family From Lead In Your Home" and
mandated by section 406(a) of TSCA.
In the 2006 Proposal, EPA proposed
to require renovation firms to distribute
the new renovation-specific pamphlet
(then titled Protect Your Family From
Lead During Renovation, Repair &
Painting) instead of the pamphlet
currently used for this purpose (Protect
Your Family From Lead in Your Home).
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In general, most commenters were
supportive of a requirement to distribute
a new renovation-specific pamphlet for
the purposes of TSCA section 406(b).
One commenter stated a belief that the
existing Protect Your Family From Lead
in Your Home pamphlet had served its
purpose well and the development of a
new pamphlet should not be a priority.
EPA agrees with the commenters who
recognized the merit of providing
renovation-specific information to
owners and tenants before renovations
commence. Therefore, this final rule
will require renovation firms to
distribute the new Renovate Right:
Important Lead Hazard Information for
Families, Child Care Providers and
Schools; pamphlet before beginning
renovations. This requirement to use the
new pamphlet will become effective as
discussed in Unit III.H. of this preamble.
2. Information distribution
requirements. Other than the use of the
new renovation-specific pamphlet, EPA
did not specifically propose any
changes to the existing information
distribution requirements for target
housing that does not meet the proposed
definition of "child-occupied facility."
One commenter contended that the
existing information distribution
requirements for multi-family target
housing were extremely burdensome
and resulted in tenants being given
multiple notifications and copies of the
lead hazard information pamphlet over
the course of a year's time. This
commenter requested that EPA modify
the regulations to allow an annual
distribution of renovation-related lead
hazard information to tenants. However,
as noted in interpretive guidance
previously issued on the Pre-renovation
Education Rule, EPA, in developing the
final Pre-renovation Education Rule,
carefully weighed whether a one-time
pamphlet distribution would be
adequate to meet the objectives of
section 406(b) of the lead statute, and
concluded that many, if not most,
tenants would benefit from receiving the
information in the lead pamphlet closer
to the time that a renovation is to begin.
Although some tenants may read lead
information delivered on a "for-your-
information" basis, many others are not
likely to focus on potential lead hazards
until a renovation affecting their unit is
imminent, and would welcome
receiving information on protecting
their families from lead in a more timely
fashion. Therefore, EPA has determined
that an annual distribution of
renovation-specific lead hazard
information would not be an effective
means of providing timely information
to tenants.
However, with respect to renovations
in common areas, EPA has determined
that there are other effective ways of
delivering lead hazard information to
tenants in a timely manner. Specifically,
the posting of informational signs
during the renovation in places where
the tenants of the affected units are
likely to see them will provide these
tenants with the information they need
at the time that they need it. Depending
upon the circumstances, renovation
firms may find the posting of such signs
to be less burdensome than mailing or
hand-delivering this information to
affected tenants. Indeed sign posting
may be more effective than mail since
it provides an immediate reminder.
Therefore, EPA will allow renovation
firms performing renovations in
common areas of multi-unit target
housing the option of mailing or hand-
delivering general information about the
renovation and making a copy of the
pamphlet available to the tenants of
affected units upon request prior to the
start of the renovation, or posting
informational signs while the
renovation is ongoing. These signs must
be posted where they are likely to be
seen by all of the tenants of the affected
units and they must contain a
description of the general nature and
locations of the renovation and the
anticipated completion date. The signs
must be accompanied by a posted copy
of the pamphlet or information on how
interested tenants can review or obtain
a copy of the pamphlet at no cost to the
tenants.
One commenter expressed concern
about tenants either not seeing the
"postings" because they use different
entrances or distinguishing the
renovation-specific lead hazard
information "postings" from other
"postings" in the general area. To take
advantage of this option, this final rule
requires renovation firms to use actual
signs, not notices on tenant bulletin
boards. In addition, these signs must be
posted where the tenants of all of the
affected units can see them. If the
tenants of the affected units use several
different entrances, a sign posted by one
of the entrances would not be sufficient.
With respect to renovations in
individual housing units, whether
single family or multi-family, firms
performing renovations for
compensation in target housing must
continue to distribute a lead hazard
information pamphlet to the owners and
tenants of the housing no more than 60
days before beginning renovations. This
requirement, along with the associated
requirements to obtain
acknowledgments or document
delivery, has not changed. For
renovations in the common areas of
multi-unit target housing, firms must
provide tenants with general
information regarding the nature of the
renovation and make the pamphlet
available upon request, by mailing,
hand-delivery, or posting informational
signs. Firms must also maintain
documentation of compliance with
these requirements. The 2007
Supplemental Proposal contained
additional proposed information
distribution requirements for child-
occupied facilities in target housing and
in public and commercial buildings.
This final rule incorporates those
additional requirements.
Also, as proposed in the 2006
Proposal, this final rule deletes the
existing 40 CFR 745.84 because it is
duplicative. The section provided some
details on submitting CBI and how EPA
will handle that information. However,
comprehensive regulations governing
sensitive business information,
including CBI under TSCA, are codified
in 40 CFR part 2. The regulations in 40
CFR part 2 set forth the procedures for
making a claim of confidentiality and
describe the rules governing EPA's
release of information. EPA received no
comments on the proposed deletion of
40 CFR 745.84. Therefore, EPA is
deleting this section and redesignating
existing 40 CFR 745.85 as 40 CFR
745.84.
EPA is also taking this opportunity to
reiterate who is responsible for
complying with the information
distribution responsibilities of 40 CFR
745.84. This provision of this final rule
includes the existing Pre-Renovation
Education Rule information distribution
requirements as amended to include
requirements applicable to child-
occupied facilities. In interpretive
guidance issued for the Pre-Renovation
Education Rule, EPA shed additional
light on the issue of who is responsible
for complying with the information
distribution requirements, particularly
for renovation projects where multiple
contractors are involved (Ref. 32). EPA
stated that if the renovation is overseen
by a general contractor, the general
contractor is considered to be the
"renovator" under the rule and is
therefore responsible for ensuring that
the information distribution
requirements are met. EPA further
stated that it would not consider a
subcontractor to be a "renovator" for
purposes of the Pre-Renovation
Education Rule so long as the
subcontractor has no direct contractual
relationship with the property owner or
manager relating to the particular
renovation. EPA's reasoning is that the
information distribution requirements
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21717
should be fulfilled by the person or
entity with which the customer enters
into the contract and compensates for
the work-even if that work is
subsequently contracted out.
This final rule changes the existing
definition of "renovator" to refer
specifically to the individual trained in
work practices as distinct from the
renovation firm. The final rule also
specifies in 40 CFR 745.84 that the
renovation firm is responsible for
carrying out the information
distribution requirements. Renovation
firms may find it more efficient to have
someone other than the certified
renovator distribute the pamphlet and
obtain the acknowledgement forms. In
changing the definition of "renovator,"
EPA is not changing its policies as to
which entity, between a contractor and
subcontractor, is responsible for
carrying out the information
distribution requirements. On the
contrary, as to this issue, EPA intends
to continue interpreting the regulatory
responsibility for the information
distribution requirements as it has in
the past.
a. Owners and occupants of public or
commercial buildings containing a
child-occupied facility. The Pre-
Renovation Education Rule covers only
renovations in target housing. Thus, the
information distribution requirements
summarized in the preceding paragraph
have not historically applied to firms
performing renovations for
compensation in public or commercial
buildings. In the 2007 Supplemental
Proposal, EPA proposed to require firms
performing renovations for
compensation in child-occupied
facilities in public or commercial
buildings to provide a lead hazard
information pamphlet to the owner of
the building as well as to an adult
representative of the child-occupied
facility, if the owner of the building and
the child-occupied facility are different
entities. This requirement was modeled
on the Pre-Renovation Education Rule's
requirements for pamphlet distribution
in rental target housing. As described in
the 2007 Supplemental Proposal, EPA
has determined, in accordance with
TSCA section 407, that the distribution
of lead hazard information, before
renovation projects begin, to an adult
representative of the child-occupied
facility as well as to the owners of
public or commercial buildings that
contain child-occupied facilities is
necessary to ensure effective
implementation of this regulation. EPA
believes that information on lead-based
paint hazards, and lead-safe work
practices that minimize the creation of
hazards, will stimulate interest on the
part of child-occupied facilities and
public or commercial building owners
in these work practices and increase the
demand for their use.
EPA received no comments on this
aspect of the 2007 Supplemental
Proposal. Therefore, the final rule
includes this requirement as proposed.
Renovation firms performing
renovations for compensation in a child-
occupied facility in a public or
commercial building must provide the
lead hazard information pamphlet
entitled Renovate Right: Important Lead
Hazard Information for Families, Child
Care Providers and Schoolsto the owner
of the building. The renovation firm
must either obtain written
acknowledgment from the owner that
the pamphlet was delivered or obtain a
certificate of mailing for the pamphlet at
least 7 days prior to the start of the
renovation. In addition, the renovation
firm must provide the pamphlet to an
adult representative of the child-
occupied facility if the facility and the
building are owned by different entities.
To document compliance with this
requirement, the renovation firm must
do one of the following:
Obtain a written acknowledgment
of pamphlet delivery from the adult
representative of the child-occupied
facility.
Obtain a certificate of mailing for
the pamphlet at least 7 days prior to the
start of the renovation.
Certify in writing that the
pamphlet has been delivered to the
child-occupied facility and the firm has
been unsuccessful in attempting to
obtain the signature of an adult
representative of the child-occupied
facility. This certification must contain
the reason for the failure to obtain the
signature.
b. Parents and guardians of children
under age 6 using a child-occupied
facility. The 2007 Supplemental
Proposal would also have required a
renovation firm performing a renovation
for compensation in a child-occupied
facility to provide information about the
renovation to the parents and guardians
of children under age 6 using the
facility. This proposed requirement was
designed to be comparable to the Pre-
Renovation Education Rule provisions
for informing adult occupants (who are
not owners). EPA is finalizing this
requirement as proposed. The
renovation firm must either mail each
parent or guardian the lead hazard
information pamphlet and a general
description of the renovation or post
informational signs where parents and
guardians would be likely to see them.
The signs must be accompanied by a
posted copy of the pamphlet or
information on how to obtain the
pamphlet at no charge to interested
parents or guardians. This requirement
applies to renovations in child-occupied
facilities in target housing as well as to
renovations in child-occupied facilities
in public or commercial buildings.
EPA received three comments on this
aspect of the 2007 Supplemental
Proposal. One commenter expressed
support for this proposed requirement.
The other two provided a number of
reasons why the final rule should not
include such a requirement. These
commenters noted that renovation firms
have no contractual connection with or
contractual responsibility to the parents
or guardians of children using a child-
occupied facility. They believe that the
child-occupied facility owner bears
primary responsibility for maintaining a
safe environment for children. They
were also concerned that renovation
firms might be called upon to spend a
significant amount of additional time at
a child-occupied facility to answer
parents' questions about lead poisoning.
EPA is not persuaded by these
comments. Although the firms may have
no contractual connection with the
parents or guardians of the children,
that is often the case with occupants
who are not owners. Although child-
occupied facility owners bear
responsibility for maintaining a safe
environment for children, renovation
firms are responsible for providing the
pamphlet to owners and occupants.
Once the renovation firm has
distributed the pamphlet, it has no
further obligation to educate the owners
or occupants about lead poisoning. The
pamphlet contains this information and
refers to additional resources. EPA
acknowledges that it may be difficult to
provide copies of the pamphlet to each
parent, which is why this final rule
allows renovation firms to comply by
posting informational signs where
parents or guardians would be likely to
see them.
c. Other commenter suggestions
regarding information distribution to
owners and occupants. EPA received a
number of comments that recommended
that additional information be provided
to the owner and the occupant before
and after a renovation occurs. These
commenters believe that one of the
purposes of this rule ought to be to
provide enough information to owners
and occupants so that they can
understand the work practices and can
adequately monitor the work being
performed by renovation firms. EPA
agrees that consumers will play a
critical role in ensuring that the
requirements of this regulation are being
followed. EPA believes that some of the
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suggested items of additional
information, such as an explanation of
the cleaning verification process, use of
test kits, lead-based paint and dust
testing recommendations, and how to
find a qualified person to do testing, are
best addressed through revisions to the
new lead hazard informational
pamphlet for renovations, Renovate
Right: Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families, Child Care
Providers and Schools. Those changes
are described and discussed in a notice
published elsewhere in today's Federal
Register.
Other information distribution
elements recommended by these
commenters are likely to be provided by
renovation firms already. For example,
several commenters suggested that EPA
require the renovation firm to provide
emergency contact information to
owners and occupants. EPA believes
that, during the normal course of
business, persons that hire renovation
firms to perform renovations typically
already have contact information. A
person who contracts for a renovation is
likely to be the owner of the property
being renovated, and this person is also
likely to be able to stop the work at any
time so that he or she can confer with
the certified renovator or supervisor.
Occupants who are not the owners of
the property being renovated often will
not be the party contracting for the
renovation and may not always have
emergency contact information for the
specific firm performing a renovation in
their housing unit or building. However,
these occupants will most likely have
contact information for their landlord,
and the landlord as the person most
likely contracting with the renovation
firm and therefore to have authority to
direct the renovation work. In addition,
renovations that occur in occupied
rental housing are likely to be
maintenance or repair projects that are
performed by the landlord, the
landlord's employees, or a maintenance
company under contract to perform all
maintenance for a particular landlord or
rental complex.
Some commenters suggested that EPA
require renovation firms provide a
description of the work area and
identify the designated entrance and
exit from the work area. EPA is not
requiring the renovation firm to
designate a specific entrance and exit
from the work area. This final rule
requires the work area itself to be
delineated by warning signs and plastic
containment. EPA does not believe there
is any utility in requiring the contractor
to also provide the owner and occupant
with a written description of the work
area before the work begins.
Other commenters noted the existence
of the Lead Disclosure Rule (Ref. 30),
promulgated under section 1018 of the
Residential lead-Based Paint Hazard
Reduction Act of 1992, and codified at
40 CFR part 745, subpart F and 24 CFR
part 35. These commenters stated that
information about the use of spot test
kits and the results of those tests, and
well as any sort of dust testing
information, are information pertaining
to lead-based paint or lead-based paint
hazards and would therefore have to be
disclosed to subsequent purchasers or
tenants of the renovated property under
the Lead Disclosure Rule. These
commenters further opined that a
requirement for the renovation firm to
provide this information to the owner of
the property is necessary to ensure the
information is available to be disclosed.
With respect to the use of test kits to
determine whether components to be
affected by a renovation contain lead-
based paint, EPA agrees with these
commenters in their Lead Disclosure
Rule analysis. Therefore, this final rule
includes a requirement for the
renovation firm to provide, within 30
days, information identifying the
manufacturer and model of test kits
used, a description of the components
tested, including locations, and the
results of the test kits to the person who
contracted for the renovation. EPA also
agrees that dust clearance sampling
information is information pertaining to
lead-based paint hazards and must be
disclosed under the Disclosure Rule. If
dust clearance sampling is performed
instead of cleaning verification as
permitted in 40 CFR 745.85(c), this final
rule requires the renovation firm to
provide, within 30 days, a copy of the
dust clearance report to the person
contracting for the renovation.
However, EPA does not believe that
information related to cleaning
verification is a record or report
"pertaining to lead-based paint or lead-
based paint hazards" for purposes of
section 1018. As discussed in more
detail in Unit III.E.7. of this preamble,
cleaning verification is not the
equivalent of clearance. The purpose of
cleaning verification is to determine
whether the dust that was created by the
renovation, whether or not it contains
lead, has been adequately removed.
Although the disposable cleaning-cloth
study, discussed in Unit III.E.7., and the
Dust Study show that information is
correlated with the hazard standard, the
purpose of cleaning verification is not to
detect lead-based paint hazards per se.
In addition, under this final rule,
cleaning verification must be completed
for every renovation (i.e., it must
achieve "white glove" or the prescribed
combination of wet and dry wipes must
have been used), so the results of
verification will always show that
"white glove" or the equivalent has
been achieved. As explained below, the
cleaning verification is part of a package
of work practices that, together,
minimize exposure to hazards created
by renovation. Also, as explained below,
completing the cleaning verification
process does not necessarily indicate
that the surface does not have lead-
based paint hazards unrelated to the
renovation. Therefore, EPA will not
require the results of cleaning
verification activities to be disclosed
under the Lead Disclosure Rule.
C. Training and Certification
Under the current Lead-based Paint
Activities Regulations at 40 CFR part
745, subpart L, both individuals and
firms that perform lead-based paint
inspections, lead hazard screens, risk
assessments, and abatements must be
certified by EPA. EPA proposed a
similar, but not identical, regulatory
scheme for individuals and firms that
perform renovations.
This final rule requires all renovations
subject to this rule to be performed by
a firm certified to perform renovations.
In addition, the rule requires that all
persons performing renovation work
either be certified renovators or receive
on-the-job training from and perform
key tasks under the direction of a
certified renovator. In order to become
a certified renovator, a person must
successfully complete an accredited
renovator course. EPA renovator
certification allows the certified
individual to perform renovations in
any State, Territory, or Indian Tribal
area that does not have a renovation
program authorized under 40 CFR part
745, subpart Q. These requirements are
discussed in greater detail in the
following sections.
EPA is also creating, with this final
rule, a dust sampling technician
discipline. Although, as discussed in
Unit III.E.7. of this preamble, this final
rule does not allow dust clearance
testing in lieu of post-renovation
cleaning verification, except in limited
circumstances, EPA still believes that
there will be a market for the services
of persons with dust sampling
technician credentials. EPA
recommends that any property owners
who choose to have dust clearance
testing performed after a renovation use
a certified inspector, risk assessor, or
dust sampling technician.
Finally, in response to one commenter
who suggested that EPA's use of the
term "person" and the term
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21719
"individual" was confusing, EPA has
modified the regulatory text in the
sections added or significantly revised
by this final rule to use the term
"person" when referring to both natural
persons and judicial persons, such as
renovation firms, property management
companies, or units of government, and
the term "individual" when referring
only to natural persons.
1. Individuals. Under this final rule,
EPA is establishing new individual
certification disciplines for renovators
and dust sampling technicians. All
renovation activities covered by this
final rule must be performed by certified
renovators, or by renovation workers
who receive on-the-job training in the
work practices from a certified
renovator.
a. Certified renovators and renovation
workersi. Responsibilities of certified
renovators. The certified renovator
assigned to a renovation is responsible
for ensuring that the renovation is
performed in compliance with the work
practice requirements set out in 40 CFR
745.85. These requirements pertain to
warning signs and work area
containment, the restriction or
prohibition of certain practices (e.g.,
high heat gun, torch, power sanding),
waste handling, cleaning, and post-
renovation cleaning verification. The
certified renovator can perform these
work practices herself or himself.
Alternatively, the certified renovator
can direct other workers to perform
most of these work practices. However,
the post-renovation cleaning verification
requirements must be performed by a
certified renovator. These requirements
cannot be delegated to a worker. If the
certified renovator directs the other
workers to perform the work practices,
the certified renovator must be at the
work site during the critical phases of
the renovation activity. The critical
phases are posting warning signs,
containing the work area, and cleaning
the work site.
Although the certified renovator is not
required to be on-site at all times, while
the renovation project is ongoing, a
certified renovator must nonetheless
regularly direct the work being
performed by other workers to ensure
that the work practices are being
followed. When a certified renovator is
not physically present at the work site,
the workers must be able to contact the
renovator immediately by telephone or
other mechanism. A certified renovator
must:
Perform the post-renovation
cleaning verification described in 40
CFR 745.85(b).
Perform or direct workers who
perform all of the work practices
described in 40 CFR 745.85(a).
Provide training to workers on the
work practices they will be using in
performing their assigned tasks.
Be physically present at the work
site when the signs required by 40 CFR
745.85(a)(l) are posted, while the work
area containment required by 40 CFR
745.85(a)(2) is being established, and
while the work area cleaning required
by 40 CFR 745.85(a)(5) is performed.
Regularly direct the work being
performed by other workers to ensure
that the work practices are being
followed, including maintaining the
integrity of the containment barriers and
ensuring that dust or debris does not
spread beyond the work area.
Be available, either on-site or by
telephone, at all times that renovations
are being conducted.
When requested by the party
contracting for renovation services, use
an acceptable test kit to determine
whether components to be affected by
the renovation contain lead-based paint.
Have with them at the work site
copies of their initial course completion
certificate and their most recent
refresher course completion certificate.
Prepare the records required to
demonstrate that renovations have been
performed in accordance with the
requirements of this rule.
There are some slight revisions
between the 2006 Proposal and this
final rule, although none of these
changes add to or detract from the
renovator's responsibilities. First, the
Proposal used both the term "lead-safe
work practices" and "work practices" in
the preamble and in the proposed rule
text. Although the work practices
required in this final rule are lead-safe,
for purposes of clarity, the final rule text
has been changed to "work practices."
The reason for this change was to make
text of the rule relating the renovator's
responsibilities text consistent with
other provisions in the rule, particularly
40 CFR 745.85 (Work Practice
Standards). Today's work practices are
lead-safe work practices. The work
practice standards listed in § 745.85(a)
are the same tasks that the other workers
will be directed in and trained to do by
the certified renovator (except for
cleaning verification). In addition, the
term "lead-safe work practices" has
different meanings in different contexts,
and this change is to make clear that the
work practices required by this final
rule are the work practices required in
§745.85(a).
Second, one of the renovator's
responsibilities listed in the preamble of
the 2006 Proposal was to "[rjegularly
direct the work being performed by
uncertified persons to ensure that lead-
safe work practices are being followed,
the integrity of the containment barriers
is maintained, and dust or debris is not
spread beyond the work area." The
word "regularly" was inadvertently
omitted from the proposed regulatory
text. To make the regulatory text
consistent with the preamble, the word
"regularly" has been added to the final
regulatory text. In addition, EPA has
slightly modified the regulatory text,
consistent with the preceding
paragraph, to clarify that maintaining
the integrity of the containment barriers
and ensuring that dust or debris does
not spread beyond the work area are
among the work practices required by
the rule.
Some commenters agreed that it was
unnecessary for a certified renovator to
be on site at all times and believed that
oversight by a certified renovator on a
regular basis was sufficient. One
commenter believed that the certified
renovator should be on site at critical
points including site preparations and
isolation, end of day and end of project
cleaning, and cleaning verification.
Many other commenters thought a
certified renovator should be on site at
all times. Another stated that a certified
renovator would not have to be on site
at all times if workers received lead safe
work practices training. After carefully
considering the issue, EPA has
concluded that requiring a certified
renovator to be on site during critical
phases of the work is sufficient to
ensure that the work practices required
by this final rule are followed. These
work practices provide a mechanism to
contain dust and debris generated by a
job and a clean-up regimen following
work that is designed to minimize
exposure to lead-based paint hazards
created during the renovation activity.
Once the containment has been
established and until cleanup begins,
this final rule requires few, and simple,
changes from the way renovation work
is currently carried out. Specifically,
renovation workers need to avoid using
the specific practices prohibited by this
final rule; they need to maintain the
containment (e.g., avoid ripping or
displacing the plastic); and they need to
make sure that any waste generated is
contained at the end of the day. These
are important but relatively simple
measures that EPA does not believe
require formal classroom training, or the
constant supervision of a certified
renovator who has had formal training.
Once the cleanup begins, the certified
renovator will again be required to be
present, either performing the cleanup
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or directing others. In addition, the
certified renovator must perform the
cleaning verification. Thus, EPA has
concluded that having a renovator on
site at all times is unwarranted.
ii. Renovator training. To become a
certified renovator, a person must
successfully complete a renovator
course accredited by EPA or by a State,
Territorial, or Tribal program authorized
by EPA.
Some commenters questioned the
need to create a separate discipline for
renovators. In their opinion, the existing
abatement course is sufficient (with
some basic changes) and to create a new
program will take resources away from
existing efforts in lead hazard control.
EPA believes that there are sufficient
differences between abatement and
renovation activities to warrant different
training and work practice
requirements. Specific activities of an
abatement contractor may be similar to
those of a renovator (e.g., sanding,
caulking, painting, sawing), but because
the project goal is the permanent
elimination of hazards, the application
and methodology differ. Therefore, a
significant portion of an abatement
contractor's training is focused on
abatement techniques and selection of
the appropriate course of action for a
variety of hazards. Renovators, on the
other hand, do not seek to permanently
eliminate lead hazards. Renovators
perform maintenance and improvement
tasks as directed by the consumer. The
goal of EPA's renovator training and
certification program is not to update
the methodology a renovator uses to
accomplish these tasks, with the
exception of the practices prohibited or
restricted by this final rule, but rather to
introduce containment and cleaning
methods to minimize exposure to lead-
based paint hazards created by the
renovation activity.
Several commenters saw the need for
universal, standard renovator training.
A commenter suggested that training for
certified renovators be similar to the
current EPA/HUD renovator and
remodeler course. One commenter
thought that standard training would
make it easier when hiring someone to
verify that they had completed the
appropriate training. Another
mentioned that it would encourage
state-to-state reciprocity for training
programs so that renovators would not
need to take multiple courses with the
same content. EPA plans to work with
HUD to update the model EPA/HUD
renovator training course to cover the
requirements of this final rule. EPA
agrees that reciprocity among
authorized State, Territorial, and Tribal
programs, and with the Federal
program, is preferable. However, as with
the abatement program, authorized
programs will have the ability to
customize requirements and course
content based on their particular needs.
The Agency encourages jurisdictions
seeking authorization to consider
reciprocity of training as they develop
their individual programs.
Commenters were also concerned
about the cost of formal training.
Commenters thought that EPA could
provide free training to encourage
renovator compliance, or that EPA
funds for enforcement of the final rule
would be better spent on training. EPA
agrees that renovator training should be
as inexpensive as possible. However,
the training course costs will be
established by independent training
programs based on market forces. The
total cost of conducting a training
course depends upon the labor cost for
the instructor(s), the cost of providing a
classroom and other facilities, and other
fixed costs. But the cost per trainee also
depends on the number of trainees per
class. Due to the large number of
individuals who will need training, the
Agency anticipates that demand will be
high, keeping the cost per trainee lower
than might otherwise be the case. But
also due to that large volume, the
Agency does not anticipate that it will
be able to provide any significant source
of funding to support training.
iii. Other renovation worker training.
This final rule does not require
everyone involved in performing a
regulated renovation project to receive
training from an accredited training
provider. To allow flexibility for firms
undertaking these projects, the rule
allows firms to use other workers to
perform renovation activities as long as
they receive on-the-job training (OJT) in
work practices from a certified
renovator. This training must include
instruction in the specific work
practices that these workers will be
responsible for performing. O1T training
occurs while the worker is engaged in
productive work and which provides
knowledge and skills essential to the
full and adequate performance of the
job. OJT may also be structured through
a planned process of developing
competence on units of work by having
the certified renovator train the worker
at the work setting or a location that
closely resembles the work setting.
Although there is no specific
requirement for "refresher training,"
OJT must be provided for each worker
for each job to the extent necessary to
ensure that that worker is adequately
trained for the tasks he or she will be
performing.
If, under the direction of the certified
renovator, the workers will be posting
warning signs, establishing
containment, or cleaning the work area
after the renovation, the certified
renovator must provide instruction,
either verbally or through
demonstration, to the workers in how to
perform these tasks. With respect to
other activities, including work
performed while the certified renovator
is not present, the certified renovator
must provide instruction, either verbally
or through demonstration, in how to
perform the work without using work
practices prohibited by this rule, how to
maintain the integrity of the
containment barriers (e.g., taking care
not to tear the plastic), and how to avoid
spreading dust or debris beyond the
work area (e.g., vacuuming clothing and
tools with a HEPA vacuum before
leaving the work area). In any event, the
certified renovator remains responsible
for ensuring that this work is done in
compliance with the rule's
requirements, e.g., that containment
sufficient to prevent release of dust or
debris from the work site has been
established and that clothing and tools
were adequately cleaned before leaving
the work area.
Workers need not be trained in work
practices that do not pertain to the
renovations they will be performing. If
the certified renovator will be the one
posting warning signs, establishing
containment, and cleaning the work
area after the renovation, it is not
necessary for the certified renovator to
provide instruction on these tasks to any
workers who will be used elsewhere on
the project. Similarly, workers hired to
perform only exterior projects need not
receive training in how to clean an
interior work area after a renovation.
EPA chose to allow OJT to alleviate
industry concerns raised during the
SBREFA panel process regarding high
employee turnover rates within the
industry and the potential for high
training costs if all workers were
required to be certified. The Agency
concluded that allowing OJT could be
done effectively and would provide
flexibility for firms undertaking
renovation projects. EPA determined
that OJT can be effectively delivered by
a certified renovator because the
requirements themselves are simple and
easy to understand. This final rule also
requires a certified renovator be
assigned and responsible for each
project to ensure compliance with
required standards.
Some commenters agreed that OJT by
a certified renovator is sufficient for
training workers. One commenter stated
that as long as a specific person is
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21721
designated to oversee the job, there is no
need for all workers on site to have
formal training. The commenter noted
the similarity between this approach
and OSHA's "competent person"
standard. EPA agrees that there are some
similarities between the approach in
this final rule and OSHA's "competent
person" standard.
However, the majority of commenters
had concerns about the use of OJT to
train workers. Many argued that OJT is
insufficient for providing workers with
the necessary skills and thought
renovation workers should receive
formal LSWP training such as a 1 day
course equivalent to that required for
certified renovators. Some of these
commenters also thought that workers
should be certified or licensed.
Some commenters were concerned
that the content of OJT is not clearly
defined in the rule. One believed EPA
should impose a structured OJT
program in order to produce consistent,
accurate, and comprehensive training
outcomes. Others thought more time
was needed for OJT, with suggestions
ranging from 5 to 6 hours of training to
3 to 4 days. EPA has neither established
a structured OJT program nor required
a specific length of time for OJT because
the OJT required will vary widely from
project to project, depending upon how
the other workers are used. As
discussed above, if the worker will not
be establishing containment, there is no
need to train the worker in how to
establish containment. If the worker in
question is an electrician, and he will
merely be installing an electrical outlet
as part of a larger job, then there may
be no need to provide any training to
this worker other than instructing him
not to disturb the plastic on the floor
and making sure that he and his tools
are free of dust and debris before leaving
the work area.
In addition, as discussed in Unit
IILC.l.c.iii. of this preamble, EPA will
"grandfather" persons with previous
EPA/HUD lead-safe work practices
training or accredited abatement
supervisor or worker training. To
become certified renovators, these
persons must take a renovator refresher
course in order to ensure that they are
acquainted with how to use test kits to
determine whether lead-based paint is
present on a component and how to
perform cleaning verification. However,
even if they do not take the refresher
course and become certified renovators,
these individuals have still received
significant training in the required work
practices such as establishing
containment and cleaning the area after
the job is finished. They are not likely
to need much, if any OJT, depending
upon how recent their training was.
Similarly, although not recognized for
the purpose of "grandfathering" by EPA,
HUD's Lead Maintenance course would
also provide a great deal of information
on lead-safe work practices. Someone
who had taken the Maintenance course
recently would also not be likely to
need much, if any, OJT.
Several commenters thought that
workers would not receive adequate OJT
because the certified renovator was not
qualified to train others. They noted that
the certified renovators are renovators,
not professional trainers, and do not
necessarily have the skills necessary for
teaching others.
After consideration of these
commenters' concerns, EPA has
concluded that OJT is sufficient for
training some renovation employees.
The work practice standards of this final
rule are not complex or difficult to
institute, and those activities critical to
ensuring the lead safe outcome of the
project are either conducted by certified
renovators or directed by certified
renovators. The remainder of the project
is often just the renovation itself, and
EPA was careful when developing these
final work practices to minimize the
effect on the way typical renovations are
conducted. With the exception of the
prohibition of certain unsafe practices,
renovation methods are unaffected by
this rule. For example, the work
practices of this final rule do not affect
the method a firm would employ to
replace a window. A certified renovator
should be able to demonstrate to other
firm employees work practices, such as
how to work within containment and
how to move into and out of
containment without spreading lead
dust and debris. EPA does not believe
a professional trainer is needed to train
renovation workers, who will be
directed by a certified renovator if they
will be performing any of the key tasks
associated with the work practices. Most
of the people performing renovations
today are not trained by professional
trainers. They are trained on-the-job by
experienced firm employees. For
example, persons learn the various
techniques for removing and replacing
windows from others in the firm who
are experienced in these techniques.
Renovation workers can learn work
practices in the same way from a
certified renovator.
Although the work practices in the
final regulation are sufficiently
straightforward and can be easily
demonstrated by the certified renovator,
EPA agrees that renovators do not
necessarily consider themselves to be
trainers. Therefore, accredited renovator
training will include a train-the-trainer
component to provide instruction on
providing OJT. In addition, instructors
will be expected to provide training tips
to renovators during hands-on
instruction. As the instructor is showing
the renovator how to do these work
practices, he or she can also provide
instruction on how to show others how
to do these work practices. Accordingly,
EPA has concluded that certified
renovators will be adequately prepared
to provide OJT that is sufficient and
appropriate for the purposes of this rule.
Commenters expressed concerns that
the rule would not provide appropriate
training for the large number of non-
English speaking workers in the
renovation field. One of these
commenters suggested that EPA
consider such means as graphic
manuals, video presentations, and
translators to aid in training non-English
speaking workers. Another thought that
a hands-on only training process
overlooked possible language barriers
between the certified renovator and
trainee. EPA agrees that OJT can be
conducted effectively by demonstration
by the certified renovator or through the
use of graphic training materials. The
Agency plans to develop materials to
assist certified renovators in conducting
on-the-job training. To the extent
possible, these materials will use a
graphic format that does not require the
use of any particular language.
Moreover, renovation firms currently
communicate job needs to their
employees, and EPA doubts that firms
routinely hire people with whom they
are unable to communicate. Finally,
EPA emphasizes again that the certified
renovator and the renovation firm are
responsible for ensuring compliance
with this final rule. If the certified
renovator has doubts about an
employee's understanding of or ability
to comply with the requirements that
are relevant to the work he or she is to
undertake, the certified renovator may
need to be on site and direct the work
more regularly than he otherwise
would, or may need to perform certain
tasks himself. However, given the
relative simplicity of the work practices
that are required between establishment
of containment and cleanup, EPA does
not expect that this will often be
necessary.
Some commenters were concerned
that OJT does not include a means to
assess worker competence such as an
examination. Commenters were also
concerned about ongoing training needs
and suggested requiring worker
refresher training on a periodic or
annual basis. This final rule requires a
certified renovator to direct workers
with OJT as necessary to ensure that
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work practices are being followed. This
will necessarily involve a period of
observation after OJT is provided to
ensure that the worker has understood
and is following the work practices
pertinent to his assigned duties. In
addition, to some extent, OJT is
continuous and certified renovators will
likely need to continue to provide
training to workers based on the
activities that they will be expected to
perform on a particular job. A certified
renovator would not need to provide
OJT to the same worker on consecutive
jobs if the worker is performing the
same work, but if the nature of the work
varies, or if the firm hires a new
employee, relevant OJT would have to
be provided for the work to be
performed. EPA believes that the
continuous nature of OJT obviates the
need for a refresher training requirement
in the rule and will serve as an
incentive for firms to have their
permanent employees trained as
certified renovators. EPA also believes
that refresher training per se is not
practical, given that OJT will be specific
to the job in question.
Some commenters wanted some form
of verification that a worker had
received training, such as a certificate of
training or a sticker which could be
placed on an ID card. Because each
worker is not likely to receive training
in all aspects of lead safe work
practices, a certificate or other form of
training completion that would indicate
an employee's OJT is complete is not
appropriate for this program. It is
important to note that OJT is not as
portable as certified renovator training
nor is it intended to be. Certified
renovators carry a training certificate
that they can present to each new
employer to prove that they have
received training in the required work
practices. There is no corresponding
document that can be used to verify OJT
by a previous employer. Renovation
firms will generally need to provide OJT
each time a new worker is used. It is
also the renovation firm's responsibility
to adequately document the elements of
OJT provided to each worker on each
project.
Because a certified renovator must be
assigned to each and every renovation
covered by this regulation, EPA
anticipates that some renovation
contractors and property management
companies will find that they achieve
maximum efficiency and flexibility by
qualifying all of their permanent
employees who perform renovations as
certified renovators. However, due to
the industry's high employee turnover
rates and short-term labor needs, the
Agency believes that training flexibility
in the form of on-the-job training is
needed. EPA believes that such
flexibility will provide firms the ability
to respond to variable labor demands
and will not compromise the safety of
this final rule. EPA is concerned that a
regulation requiring formal, classroom
training for every worker performing
any renovation activity would be
unrealistic for this industry and
therefore less effective at ensuring that
the renovation work force is trained in
work practices than the more balanced
training requirements in this final rule.
b. Dust sampling technicians. Except
as provided in 40 CFR 745.85(c), this
final rule does not allow dust clearance
sampling to be performed in lieu of
post-renovation cleaning verification.
However, some property owners may
still choose to have dust clearance
sampling performed after the
renovation. Dust sampling technicians
certified in accordance with this final
rule will be available to perform dust
clearance sampling after renovations
and for purposes of HUD's Lead Safe
Housing Rule.
Some commenters questioned the
need for dust sampling technicians. One
stated that there is no benefit to creating
a third inspection-type discipline that
has such limited training requirements.
Two commenters thought that only
EPA- or State-certified risk assessors
should be allowed to collect dust wipe
clearance samples and two commenters
thought that dust sampling technicians
should be required to work under a
certified risk assessor or inspector.
In 1999, in order to make accurate
dust testing for lead more available and
affordable, Congress provided EPA with
funding for the development of a 1 day
dust sampling technician course.
Congress also encouraged the Agency to
promote the recognition of this
discipline. EPA completed the
development of the course, entitled
Lead Sampling Technician Training
Course," in July of 2000. This course
provides instruction on how to conduct
a visual assessment for deteriorated
paint, collect samples for lead dust, and
interpret sample results. The training
curriculum provides clearance sampling
instruction that is equivalent to that
presented in inspector and risk assessor
courses, in terms of time and quality
with respect to dust sampling.
Therefore, EPA can recommend that
property owners and others who wish to
have optional dust sampling performed
use the services of a certified inspector,
risk assessor, or dust sampling
technician.
c. Certification of individualsi.
Initial certification. Section 745.90 of
this final rule addresses renovator and
dust sampling technician certification.
To become a certified renovator, a
person must successfully complete a
renovator course accredited by EPA or
by a State, Territorial, or Tribal program
authorized by EPA under 40 CFR part
745, subpart Q. The renovator course
accreditation requirements are based on
the joint EPA-HUD model curriculum
entitled Lead Safety for Remodeling,
Repair, & Painting. EPA is not requiring
additional education or work experience
of persons wishing to become certified
renovators. EPA renovator certification
will allow the certified individual to
perform renovations covered by this
section in any State or Indian Tribal
area that does not have a renovation
program authorized under 40 CFR part
745, subpart Q. To become a certified
dust sampling technician, a person must
successfully complete a dust sampling
technician training course that has been
accredited either by EPA or by a State,
Territorial, or Tribal program authorized
by EPA under 40 CFR part 745, subpart
Q. EPA is not requiring additional
education or work experience of persons
wishing to become certified dust
sampling technicians.
The final rule also establishes, in 40
CFR 745.91, procedures for suspending,
revoking, or modifying an individual's
or firm's certification. These procedures
are very similar to the current
procedures in place at 40 CFR 745.226(1)
for suspending, revoking, or modifying
the certification of an individual who is
certified to perform lead-based paint
activities. In addition, under the final
rule, renovator certification can be
suspended, revoked, or modified if the
certified renovator does not conduct
projects to which he or she is assigned
in accordance with the work practice
requirements of this final rule. Finally,
in order to ensure that the effect of a
suspension, revocation, or modification
determination is clear to the certified
individual or firm, EPA has added
language to this section ensuring that
the commencement date and duration of
a suspension, revocation, or
modification is identified in the
Presiding Officer's decision and order.
EPA has also added language to this
section to clarify what steps an
individual or firm must take after such
an action in order to exercise the
privileges of certification again. An
individual whose certification has been
suspended must take a refresher training
course in the appropriate discipline in
order to make his or her certification
current, while an individual whose
certification has been revoked must take
another initial training course in order
to be re-certified. A firm whose
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21723
certification has been suspended need
not do anything after the suspension
ends to become current again, as long as
the suspension ends before the firm's
certification expires. If the firm's
certificate expires during the
suspension, the firm must apply for re-
certification after the suspension ends.
If a firm's certification is revoked, the
firm must apply for certification after
the revocation period ends in order to
be certified.
Some commenters questioned the
need for a certification requirement,
emphasizing that it is the training that
is important rather than the
certification. One commenter thought
that, since firms will have to be
certified, there was no added value in
certifying renovators. Others supported
certification and some thought
renovators should have to apply to EPA
to receive their certification in the same
way that abatement workers do, stating
that no regulatory program can work
unless the regulating agency can reliably
identify and contact the regulated
individuals. One commenter thought
that there should also be a work
experience requirement for certified
renovators.
EPA believes that renovators must be
certified so that the Agency has a
mechanism to verify an individual has
received the appropriate training. In
addition, if a contractor does not
comply with the regulatory standards
then withdrawal of the renovator's
certification is a regulatory remedy
available to the Agency. The final rule
includes a certification process that is
more streamlined than the individual
certification process of the Agency's
abatement regulations. In the abatement
program, an individual must complete
training, then submit an application and
fee to the Agency and, depending on the
discipline, take a third party exam in
order to be certified. In contrast, an
individual will be considered a certified
renovator upon successful completion
of an accredited training program, and
the accredited training program is
required to submit identifying and
contact information to EPA regarding
the individuals that they have trained.
EPA does not believe that work
experience requirements are necessary
because previous experience in the
construction or renovation industry
would do little to help an individual
understand or perform the work
practices, which are not a standard
practice in the industry. Consequently,
there is no relevant work experience for
EPA to require. In addition, the work
practices required by this final rule are
sufficiently straightforward that EPA
does not believe it is necessary to
require work experience in addition to
certified renovator training.
Because EPA is not requiring any
additional education or work experience
requirements, or a third-party
examination similar to that taken by
inspector, risk assessor, or supervisor
candidates, EPA believes that there is
little value in requiring candidates to
apply to EPA to receive their renovator
or dust sampling technician
certification. Currently, the only
certified discipline without
prerequisites in education or
experience, or a third-party
examination, is the abatement worker.
When candidates for worker
certification apply to EPA, EPA verifies
that the copy of the training course
certificate submitted with the
application is from an accredited
training provider. Without requiring
renovators or dust sampling technicians
to apply to EPA for certification EPA
will still receive course completion
information from course providers. With
this information, EPA will have a
complete list of certified renovators and
will be able to check to see if a
particular course completion certificate
holder appeared on a course completion
list submitted by the training course
provider identified on the certificate.
When EPA inspects a renovation job for
compliance with these regulations, EPA
will have the ability to verify, to the
same extent, the validity of a course
completion certificate held by a
renovator at that job. Therefore, under
this final rule, EPA is requiring that a
course completion certificate from an
accredited training provider serve as a
renovator's or dust sampling
technician's certification. To facilitate
compliance monitoring, the rule
requires a certified renovator or dust
sampling technician to have a copy of
the course completion certificate at the
job site.
Several commenters saw the need for
a way to determine that a certified
renovator was current with applicable
training requirements. Suggestions for
proof of training included issuing photo
IDs, issuing a hard card or certificate,
and establishing a national database of
workers with current training. One
commenter thought that it should be the
responsibility of the training provider to
certify that renovators have successfully
completed the training requirements
and to then supply EPA with all of the
information. EPA agrees that there must
be a way to determine if a renovator is
certified and is current with training
requirements. The Agency agrees that a
database of renovator information
would be important, and will include
identifying and training information in
the Agency's Federal Lead Paint
Program (FLPP) database. However, this
database will only contain information
about certified renovators working in
federally administered jurisdictions. In
addition, the Agency will require
training programs to include a
photograph of the individual who
completes renovator or dust sampling
technician training on the training
certificate and to submit that photo to
the Agency to be included in the
database record. This will enable
inspectors to determine whether a
particular individual has received
training from an accredited training
provider.
Some of the commenters had
concerns specific to small businesses.
Two commenters stressed the need for
outreach programs to inform small
businesses of new compliance
requirements. One commenter stated
that smaller firms should not be exempt
from training and certification
requirements; another thought that
small businesses would continue to
operate without appropriate training
and certification unless there was some
type of enforcement. EPA understands
that the task of communicating this final
rule requirements to the renovation
community will be challenging.
Therefore, EPA is developing a
comprehensive outreach and
communications program to support
this final rule. This will include
outreach to contractors as well as
consumers. In addition the Agency
plans to roll out a compliance assistance
effort to complement this undertaking.
One commenter suggested that
authorized State, Territorial, or Tribal
programs include the requirement for
training as part of a contractor licensing
function, thereby eliminating the need
to create a special (new) lead renovator's
certification or license. EPA agrees that
where a State, Territory, or Tribe has a
pre-existing relationship with
renovation contactors, such as a
renovators' licensing program, the
simplest and most cost-effective
approach may be to incorporate a
requirement for lead safe work practice
training into that pre-existing program.
ii. Recertification. Under this final
rule EPA is requiring that renovators
and dust sampling technicians who
wish to remain certified take refresher
training every 5 years. In addition, EPA
is requiring that the refresher training
course be half the length of the initial
course. This is consistent with current
practice for certified individuals
performing lead-based paint activities. If
an individual does not take a refresher
course within 5 years of the date he or
she completed the initial course or the
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previous refresher course, that
individual's certification will expire on
that date and that individual may no
longer serve as a certified renovator or
dust sampling technician. There is no
grace period. To become certified again,
the individual must take another initial
training course. In addition, under this
final rule a certified renovator may
choose to take the initial renovator
course instead of a refresher course to
allow maximum flexibility, particularly
if for some reason the person was
unable to attend a refresher course.
Some commenters asserted that the
refresher requirement was of no benefit
or imposed an unnecessary cost. These
commenters reasoned that lead-safe
work practices were not likely to change
significantly over time. One noted that
HUD's experience with lead-safe work
practices training since 1999 has not
revealed a need for refresher training in
their program. Commenters who
supported refresher training differed on
the frequency of the training and the
length of the refresher course. Some
agreed that refresher training should be
required every 3 years, others thought it
should be required biennially, annually,
or every 3 to 6 months. One commenter
agreed with the proposed 4-hour
course, two commenters thought a 4
hour course was too short, and one
thought that instead of completing a
refresher, certified renovators should be
required to retake the initial training
course every 2 to 3 years. One
commenter stated that a certified
renovator should have the opportunity
to take a third party test and allow the
renovator to "test out" of having to
complete the refresher course.
After considering the range of
concerns raised by the commenters,
EPA has concluded that refresher
training is important for renovators and
dust sampling technicians and for the
Agency. During the refresher course,
renovators and dust sampling
technicians are given the opportunity to
discuss any point of emphasis and to be
updated on changes in the regulations
or technical issues. For example,
refresher training could be used to
update renovators on availability of new
techniques and products, such as test
kits. Refresher training provides the
Agency with a mechanism to pass along
critical information to certified
individuals and to keep track of the
workforce. However, EPA has
determined that these purposes can be
adequately served by 4hour refresher
training every 5 years, instead of every
3 years. This provides a reasonable
period between trainings that limits
training costs while providing an
opportunity to update renovators and
dust sampling technicians regarding
regulations and technical issues. EPA
believes that most renovators will not
also be certified abatement
professionals, so the difference in the
length of time between required
refresher courses should not confuse
individuals about their responsibilities
under the two programs.
iii. Grandfathering. Under this final
rule, individuals who successfully
completed an accredited abatement
worker or supervisor course, and
individuals who successfully completed
either HUD, EPA, or the joint EPA/HUD
model renovation training courses may
take an accredited refresher renovation
training course in lieu of the initial
renovation training to become a certified
renovator. In addition, individuals who
have successfully completed an
accredited lead-based paint inspector or
risk assessor course, but are not
currently certified in the discipline, may
take an accredited refresher dust
sampling technician course in lieu of
the initial training to become a certified
dust sampling technician. Inspectors
and risk assessors who are certified by
EPA or an authorized program are
qualified to perform dust sampling as
part of lead hazard screens, risk
assessments, or abatements. Therefore,
it would be unnecessary for a certified
inspector or risk assessor to seek
certification as a dust sampling
technician.
A number of commenters thought that
certification should be given to those
who have already attended appropriate
training. Some of these commenters
thought that individuals who had
received EPA, HUD, or State-approved
Lead Safe Work Practices (LSWP)
training should be grandfathered. One
commenter thought individuals that had
completed OSHA's 40-hour Hazardous
Waste Operations and Emergency
Response course should also be
grandfathered and another wanted
individuals that had taken the National
Apartment Association's lead worker
training course to be grandfathered.
Four commenters were in favor of
grandfathering dust sampling
technicians that have previously
completed a dust sampling course.
Most of the commenters who
expressed an opinion agreed with
grandfathering previously trained
individuals but suggested that there be
restrictions. Some of these commenters
thought that in order to receive credit
the training needed to have been
completed in the last 2 to 3 years while
others thought that certification should
be given only if a refresher or "gap"
course were completed. One commenter
thought that the quality of the previous
course should be taken into account and
another commenter thought that a one-
size fits all rule would not be
appropriate and that factors including
previous course requirements, the
facility that had provided the training,
and time elapsed since initial training
should all be considered in establishing
requirements for streamlined
certification. One commenter opposed
grandfathering, noting that existing
courses do not cover lead test kits,
cleaning verification, or recordkeeping
in accordance with the proposed rule.
The final rule allows individuals who
have successfully completed model
renovation courses developed by HUD
or EPA and individuals who have taken
an abatement worker or supervisor
course accredited by EPA or an
authorized State or Tribal program to
become certified renovators by taking
EPA-accredited renovator refresher
training. Individuals who have
successfully completed a risk assessor
or inspector course accredited by EPA
or an authorized State or Tribal program
can become certified dust sampling
technicians by taking EPA-accredited
dust sampling technician refresher
training. EPA is recognizing only EPA
and HUD model renovation training and
lead-based paint activities training
courses accredited by EPA or an
authorized State, Territorial, or Tribal
program because EPA has not
sufficiently evaluated the content of
other courses. In addition, it would be
unwieldy to develop the content of
multiple refresher courses based on the
content of different initial training
courses. While the recognized training
provides meaningful information
relevant to these disciplines, it does not
include some specific requirements of
this final regulation. Therefore, EPA is
requiring these individuals to receive
refresher training to ensure they are
familiar with the requirements of this
final rule. Training providers are
required to notify EPA of the
individuals who become certified by
successfully completing the refresher
training. This information will support
EPA's compliance assistance programs.
2. Renovation firmsa.
Responsibilities of renovation firms.
Under this final rule, firms must ensure
that all persons performing renovation
activities on behalf of the firm are either
certified renovators or have been trained
and are directed by a certified renovator
in accordance with 40 CFR 745.90. The
firm is responsible for assigning a
certified renovator to each renovation
performed by the firm and ensuring that
the certified renovator discharges all of
the responsibilities identified in this
final rule. The firm must ensure that the
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21725
information distribution requirements
in 40 CFR 745.84 are met. As mentioned
above, the certified renovator is
responsible for ensuring compliance
with 40 CFR 745.85 at all renovations to
which he or she is assigned. The firm is
also responsible for ensuring that all
renovations performed by the firm are
performed using certified renovators
and in accordance with the work
practice standards in proposed 40 CFR
745.85.
Where multiple contractors are
involved in a renovation, any contractor
who disturbs, or whose employees
disturb, paint in excess of the minor
maintenance exception is responsible
for compliance with all of the
requirements of this final rule. In this
situation, renovation firms may find it
advantageous to decide among
themselves which firm will provide pre-
renovation education to the owners and
occupants, which firm will establish
containment, and which firm will
perform the post-renovation cleaning
and cleaning verification. For example,
a general contractor may be hired to
conduct a multi-faceted project
involving the large-scale disturbance of
paint, which the general contractor then
divides up among several
subcontractors. In this situation, having
the general contractor discharge the
obligations of the Pre-Renovation
Education Rule is likely to be the most
efficient approach, since this only needs
to be done once. With regard to
containment, the general contractor may
decide that it is most cost-effective to
establish one large work area for the
entire project. In this case, from the time
that containment is established until
post-renovation cleaning verification
occurs, all general contractor and
subcontractor personnel performing
renovation tasks within the work area
must be certified renovators or trained
and directed by certified renovators in
accordance with this rule. In addition,
these personnel are responsible for
ensuring the integrity of the
containment barriers. The cleaning and
post-renovation cleaning verification
could be performed by any properly
qualified individuals, without regard to
whether they are employees of the
general contractor or a subcontractor.
However, all contractors involved in the
disturbance of lead-based paint, or who
perform work within the work area
established for the containment of lead
dust and debris, are responsible for
compliance with this final rule,
regardless of any agreements the
contractors may have made among
themselves.
b. Certification affirmsi. Initial
certification. This final rule requires
firms that perform renovations, as
defined by this rule, to be certified by
EPA. EPA is adding a definition of
"firm" to § 745.83 to make it clear that
this term includes persons in business
for themselves, i.e., sole proprietorships,
as well as Federal, State, Tribal, and
local governmental agencies, and
nonprofit organizations. Firms covered
by this final rule include firms that
typically perform renovations, such as
building contractors or home
improvement contractors, as well as
property management companies or
owners of multi-family housing
performing property maintenance
activities that include renovations
within the scope of this final rule.
This final rule provides information
about the certification and re-
certification process, establishes
procedures for amending and
transferring certifications, and identifies
clear deadlines. A firm wishing to
become certified to perform renovations
must submit a complete "Application
for Firms," signed by an authorized
agent of the firm, along with the correct
certification fee. EPA intends to
establish firm certification fees in a
separate rulemaking. EPA will approve
a firm's initial application within 90
days of receipt if it is complete,
including the proper amount of fees,
and if EPA determines that the
environmental compliance history of
the firm, its principals, or its key
employees does not show an
unwillingness or inability to comply
with applicable environmental statutes
or regulations. EPA will generally
consider the following to be an
indication that the applicant is
unwilling or unable to comply with
environmental statutes or regulations if,
during the past 3 years, the applicant
has:
A criminal conviction under a
Federal environmental statute;
An administrative or civil
judgment against the applicant for a
willful violation of a Federal
environmental statutory or regulatory
requirement; or
More than one administrative or
civil judgment for a violation of a
Federal environmental statute.
Violations that involve only
recordkeeping requirements will not be
considered.
If the application is approved, EPA
will establish the firm's certification
expiration date at 5 years from the date
of EPA's approval. EPA certification
will allow the firm to perform
renovations covered by this section in
any State or Indian Tribal area that does
not have a renovation program
authorized under 40 CFR part 745,
subpart Q. If the application is
incomplete, EPA will notify the firm
within 90 days of receipt that its
application was incomplete, and ask the
firm to supplement its application
within 30 days. If the firm does not
supplement its application within that
period of time, or if EPA's check into
the compliance history of the firm
revealed an unwillingness or inability to
comply with environmental statutes or
regulations, EPA will not approve the
application and will provide the
applicant with the reasons for not
approving the application. EPA will not
refund the application fees. A firm
could reapply for certification at any
time by filing a new, complete
application that included the correct
amount of fees.
This final rule provides firms with
more time to amend their certification
whenever a change occurs. A firm must
amend its certification within 90 days
whenever a change occurs to
information included in the firm's most
recent application. If the firm failed to
amend its certification within 90 days of
the date the change occurred, the firm
would not be authorized to perform
renovations until its certification was
amended. Examples of amendments
include a change in the firm's name
without transfer of ownership, or a
change of address or other contact
information. To amend its certification,
a firm must submit an application,
noting on the form that it was submitted
as an amendment. The firm must
complete the sections of the application
pertaining to the new information, and
sign and date the form. The amendment
must include the correct amount of fees.
Amending a certification will not affect
the validity of the existing certification
or extend the certification expiration
date. EPA will issue the firm a new
certificate if necessary to reflect
information included in the
amendment. Firm certifications are not
transferable--if the firm is sold, the new
owner must submit a new initial
application for certification in
accordance with 40 CFR 745.89(a). The
final rule also includes procedures for
suspending, revoking, or modifying a
firm's certification. These procedures
are very similar to the current
procedures in place for suspending,
revoking, or modifying the certification
of a firm that is certified to perform
lead-based paint activities.
Some commenters questioned the
need for firm certification, while others,
including industry representatives,
supported it. The Agency believes that
firm certification is necessary for several
reasons. First, certification is an
important tool for the Agency's
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enforcement program. To become
certified, a firm acknowledges their
responsibility to use appropriately
trained and certified employees and
follow the work practice standards set
forth in the final rule. This is especially
important under this final rule, since
the certified renovator is not required to
perform or be present during all of the
renovation activities. Under these
circumstances, it is important for the
firm to acknowledge its legal
responsibility for compliance with all of
the final rule requirements, since the
firm both hires and exercises
supervisory control over all of its
employees. Should the firm be found to
violate any requirements, its
certification can be revoked, giving the
firm a strong incentive to ensure
compliance by all employees.
ii. Recertification. Under 40 CFR
745.89(b), a certified firm maintains its
certification by submitting a complete
and timely "Application for Firms,"
noting that it is an application for re-
certification, and paying the required re-
certification fee. With regard to the
timeliness of the application for re-
certification, if a complete application,
including the proper fee, is postmarked
90 days or more before the date the
firm's current certification expires, the
application will be considered timely
and sufficient, and the firm's existing
certification will remain in effect until
its expiration date or until EPA has
made a final decision to approve there-
certification application, or not,
whichever occurs later. If the firm
submits a complete re-certification
application fewer than 90 days before
the date the firm's current certification
expired, EPA might be able to process
the application and re-certify the
applicant before the expiration date, but
this would not be guaranteed. If EPA
does not approve the re-certification
application before the existing
application expired, the firm's
certification expires and the firm is not
able to conduct renovations until EPA
approves its re-certification application.
In any case, the firm's new certification
expiration date will be 5 years from the
date the existing certification expired.
If the firm submits an incomplete
application for re-certification and EPA
does not receive all of the required
information and fees before the date the
firm's current certification expires, or if
the firm does not submit its application
until after its certification expired, EPA
will not approve the firm's re-
certification application. The firm
cannot cure any deficiencies in its
application package by postmarking
missing information or fees by its
certification expiration date. All
required information and fees must be
in EPA's possession as of the expiration
date for EPA to approve the application.
If EPA does not approve the application,
the Agency will provide the applicant
with the reasons for not approving the
re-certification application. Any fees
submitted by the applicant will not be
refunded, but the firm can submit a new
application for certification, along with
the correct amount of fees, at any time.
As with initial applications, this final
rule includes a description of the
actions EPA may take in response to an
application for re-certification and the
reasons why EPA will take a particular
action. This section is identical to the
process for initial applications, except
that EPA will not require an incomplete
application to be supplemented within
30 days of the date EPA requests
additional information or fees. In the re-
certification context, the firm must
make its application complete by the
date that its current certification
expires.
Several commenters thought that
firms should not be required to be re-
certified because the firm's certification
is not based on knowledge or
technology, but rather on a promise to
abide by the rules. The Agency believes
that firm re-certification is an important
element of the final regulation. Firm re-
certification provides a mechanism for
EPA to keep its records current with
respect to firms actively engaged in
renovations. Re-certification also
provides a means for EPA to ensure that
it has updated firm contact information.
Re-certification also prompts the firm to
positively reaffirm their commitment to
adhere to the requirements set forth in
this regulation. Finally, re-certification
allows EPA an opportunity to review? a
firm's compliance history before it
obtains re-certification. However, EPA
has determined that these purposes can
be adequately served by re-certifying
renovation firms every 5 years instead of
every 3 years as proposed.
D. Training Provider Accreditation and
Recordkeeping
EPA is amending the general
accreditation requirements of 40 CFR
745.225 to apply to training programs
that offer renovator or dust sampling
technician courses for certification
purposes. The regulations describe
training program qualifications, quality
control measures, recordkeeping and
reporting requirements, as well as
suspension, revocation, and
modification procedures. Amendments
to § 745.225 add specific requirements
for the renovator and dust sampling
technician disciplines. Also included
are minimum training curriculum,
training hour, and hands-on
requirements for courses leading to
certification as a renovator or a dust
sampling technician. As discussed in
the previous Unit of this preamble, to
assist EPA compliance inspectors in
determining whether a renovator at a
renovation work site successfully
completed an accredited renovator
training course, this final rule also
requires providers of renovator training
to take a digital photograph of each
individual who successfully completes
a renovator training course, include that
photograph on the individual's course
completion certificate, and provide that
photograph to EPA along with the
training course provider's post-training
notification required by 40 CFR
745.225(c)(l4).
Training course providers that
obtained accreditation to offer renovator
or dust sampling technician training
would have to comply with the existing
recordkeeping requirements for lead-
based paint activities training course
providers. These existing recordkeeping
provisions require providers to maintain
records of course materials, course test
blueprints, information on how hands-
on training is delivered, and the results
of the students' skills assessments and
course tests. EPA received no comments
on this aspect of the proposed
recordkeeping requirements. These
requirements are currently working well
for lead-based paint activities training
providers and EPA believes they will
work equally well for renovation
training providers. Therefore, EPA is
finalizing this requirement as proposed.
Training course providers who receive
accreditation to provide renovator or
dust sampling technician courses must
comply with the recordkeeping
requirements of 40 CFR 745.225(1).
1. Renovator training. The minimum
curriculum requirements for an initial
renovator course are described in 40
CFR 745.225(d)(6). The topics include
the roles and responsibilities of a
renovator; background information on
lead and its health effects; background
on applicable Federal, State, and local
regulations and guidance; use of
acceptable test kits to test paint to
determine whether it is lead-based
paint; methods to minimize the creation
of lead-based paint hazards during
renovations; containment and clean-up
methods; ways to verify that a
renovation project has been properly
completed, including cleaning
verification; and waste handling and
disposal. Hands-on activities relating to
renovation methods, containment and
clean-up, cleaning verification, and
waste handling would be required in all
courses. Section 745.225(c)(6)(vi)
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21727
establishes the minimum length for an
initial renovator course at 8 training
hours, with 2 hours being devoted to
hands-on activities.
Commenters raised concerns and had
suggestions regarding how certified
renovator training should be conducted
in three broad areas: Course length;
course content and format; and training
of non-English speaking renovators.
a. Course length. Several commenters
raised concerns about the length of the
certified renovator training course.
Some agreed with the training length as
defined in the rule, others stated it was
too short or too long, and one said that
the length of the training should not be
defined in the rule. In establishing the
minimum requirements for the
renovator course, the Agency
considered the many types of activities
that would likely be performed during
renovation, remodeling, and painting
activities and tried to balance that with
the need for a training course that
would address the necessary skills
without being overly burdensome on the
part of the trainee. The suggested course
schedule for the EPA/HUD lead-safe
work practices curriculum "Lead Safety
for Remodeling, Repair, & Painting"
calls for an 8-hour training day,
including lunch, two breaks, and an
hour-long course test. The course is
designed in a modular format, so that it
can be delivered in 1 day or over two
or more days, at the discretion of the
training provider. Based on a review? of
the material and the suggested schedule,
EPA believes that "Lead Safety for
Remodeling, Repair, and Painting" can
be modified to include material on the
use of test kits and performing cleaning
verification and still fit within eight
training hours. However, any attempt to
cover all of the required elements in a
shorter period of time would likely
result in a significant reduction in the
level of detail with which the elements
are presented. A minimum requirement
for eight training hours represents a
reasonable minimum requirement for
the renovator course and gives training
course providers an indication of the
amount of time that EPA has
determined through experience with the
EPA/HUD curriculum that it takes to
adequately cover each required training
element.
b. Course content and format. Most
commenters agree that the certified
renovator course should include a
hands-on training portion and several of
these agree that the hands-on portion
should not be any shorter than two
hours as proposed. Other commenters
suggested that the hands-on portion of
the training should be allowed to be
conducted as a demonstration via a
remote delivery system (DVD or
Internet). EPA agrees that development
of a procedure to address the hands-on
component of the renovator course via
remote delivery systems would be
beneficial. This final rule does not
preclude training providers from
developing alternative methods for the
delivery and evaluation of training for
submission for approval to EPA.
Several commenters had suggestions
as to the certified renovator training
content. Two recommended that the
renovator course include training on
recordkeeping requirements. EPA agrees
with these commenters, and has added
the element of recordkeeping to the
required training course elements for
renovators. Because EPA has modified
the recordkeeping requirements, as
discussed below, to require the certified
renovator to prepare the records
associated with renovations to which he
or she is assigned, the renovation
training course will include a
recordkeeping component. Three
commenters suggested that, if the
certified renovator is responsible for
providing OfT to other renovation
workers, the renovator training course
should include a train-the-trainer
component. EPA agrees with these
commenters and has added a train-the-
trainer element to the required elements
for the renovator training course. In
addition, EPA will develop a train-the-
trainer component for its model
renovator training course. Other
commenters suggested that the required
training elements include OSHA health
and personal safety requirements. The
Agency agrees that these are relevant
topics and considers an overview of the
OSHA requirements to be part of the
required element of background on
applicable Federal, State, and local
regulations and requirements. To ensure
that this is clear, EPA has modified this
provision to state that the background
information must include EPA, HUD,
OSHA, and other Federal, State, and
local regulations and guidance.
Consistent with its approach in other
courses related to lead-based paint
activities, the Agency believes that
identifying potential OSHA
requirements, rather than requiring in-
depth curriculum components, is the
best way to make trainees aware of those
requirements and yet avoid
redundancies between EPA- and OSHA-
required courses.
c. Training of non-English speaking
renovators. Renovator and dust
sampling technician courses, both
initial and refresher, can be taught in
any language, but accreditation would
be required for each specific language
the provider wished to present the
course in. All course materials and
instruction for the course would have to
be in the language of the course. The
modification to § 745.225(b)(l)(ii)
clarifies that all lead-based paint
courses taught in different languages are
considered different courses, and
accreditation must be obtained for each.
To facilitate accreditation of courses in
languages other than English, EPA is
requiring that the training provider
include in its application both the
English version as well as the non-
English version of all training materials,
in addition to a signed statement from
a qualified, independent translator that
the translator has compared the non-
English language version of the course
materials to the English-language
version and that the translation is
accurate. This requirement applies to
any course for which accreditation is
sought, including lead-based paint
activities courses. Finally, to assist EPA
in monitoring compliance with these
requirements, EPA is requiring that
course completion certificates include
the language in which the course was
taught.
Several commenters agreed that the
needs of non-English speaking workers
should be considered. Commenters
suggested that EPA translate its model
course into other languages and/or
facilitate free access to such
translations. EPA agrees that it is
important to have renovator training
available in languages other than
English. EPA anticipates translating its
revised model renovator course into
Spanish. EPA will also consider
translating the course into other
languages. However, EPA is not able to
make available proprietary material
developed by training course providers
that is then translated by those
providers into other languages.
2. Dust sampling technician training.
The minimum curriculum requirements
for an initial dust sampling technician
course are described in 40 CFR
745.225(d)(7). The topics include the
roles and responsibilities of a dust
sampling technician; background
information on lead and its adverse
health effects; background information
on Federal, State, and local regulations
and guidance that pertains to lead-based
paint and renovation activities; dust
sampling methodologies; clearance
standards and testing; and report
preparation and recordkeeping
requirements. Section 745.225(c)(6)(vii)
establishes the minimum length for an
initial dust sampling technician course
at 8 training hours, with 2 hours being
devoted to hands-on activities. EPA
received relatively few comments
specifically on the content of dust
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sampling technician training; most had
to do with the length of the training
course. EPA has developed a model dust
sampling technician course (Ref. 33).
This course has been designed to be
delivered in one 8-hour training day,
including lunch, breaks, and a course
test. As with the EPA/HUD "Lead Safety
for Remodeling, Repair, & Painting"
curriculum, EPA believes that this is a
reasonable minimum requirement for
the dust sampling technician course and
it gives training course providers an
indication of the amount of time that
EPA has determined it takes to
adequately cover each required training
element.
E. Work Practices
This final rule requires that all
renovations subject to this rule be
conducted in accordance with a defined
set of work practice standards. Again,
this final rule is a revision of the
existing TSCA section 402 (a) Lead-
based Paint Activities Regulations to
extend training, certification, and work
practice requirements to certain
renovation and remodeling projects in
target housing and child-occupied
facilities. In so doing, EPA did not
merely modify the scope of the current
abatement requirements to cover
renovation and remodeling activities.
Rather, EPA has carefully considered
the elements of the existing abatement
regulations and is revising those
regulations in a manner that reflects the
differences between abatement and
renovation activities.
Work practices for abatement are part
of larger range of activities that are
intended to identify and eliminate lead-
based paint hazards. When abatements
are conducted, residents typically are
removed from the home until after the
abatement activities are completed,
which is demonstrated through the use
of clearance testing. This may require
the removal of carpeting, refinishing,
sealing, or replacement of floors to
achieve clearance. Accordingly,
clearance testing is part of a broader set
of activities that comprise abatement,
with the purpose of permanently
eliminating existing lead-based paint
hazards.
Renovation, repair, and painting
activities typically are conducted while
the residents are present in the dwelling
and are not activities intended to
eliminate lead-based paint hazards.
Work practices for renovation, repair,
and painting are designed to minimize
exposure to lead-based paint hazards
created by the renovation both during
the renovation, while residents are
likely to be present in the dwelling, and
after the renovation. The work practices
are not intended to address pre-existing
hazards.
1. In general. This final rule
incorporates work practice standards
generally derived from the HUD
Guidelines, EPA's draft technical
specifications for renovations, and the
model training curriculum entitled Lead
Safety for Remodeling, Repair, fr
Painting (Refs. 18, 34, and 35). For more
information on the development of
these documents, please consult Unit
III.C. of the preamble to the 2006
Proposal. To reduce exposure to lead-
based paint hazards created by
renovation activities, the work practices
standards in this regulation provide
basic requirements for occupant
protection, site preparation, and clean-
up.
Commenters generally felt that work
practices are important and should be
clear and correctly followed. One
commenter stated that the rule has
"tremendous potential for making a
difference," especially in establishing
and "reinforcing the industry norm."
One commenter noted that EPA should
"set simple and flexible work
practices." Another commenter asked
for less specificity. EPA believes that
this final rule provides certified
renovators an appropriate blend of
flexibility and specificity. EPA believes
that, due to the highly variable nature of
renovation activities, flexibility is
needed for certain tasks, such as
establishing containment, and that other
tasks, such as specialized cleaning,
require a greater degree of specificity.
2. Occupant protection. This final
rule requires the firm to post signs
clearly defining the work area and
warning occupants and other persons
not involved in renovation activities to
remain outside of the work area. In
addition, it requires that the certified
renovator be physically present at the
work site when the required signs are
posted. These signs must be posted
before beginning the renovation and
must remain in place until the
renovation has been completed and
cleaning verification has been
completed. The signs must be, to the
extent practicable, provided in the
occupants' primary language. If warning
signs have been posted in accordance
with HUD's Lead Safe Housing Rule (24
CFR 35.1345(b)(2)) or OSHA's Lead in
Construction Standard (29 CFR
1926.62(m)), additional signs are not
required.
Three commenters stated that the
required signs for posting at a work site
should be in the language of the
occupant. One commenter stated that
such a requirement would be consistent
with HUD's Lead Safe Housing Rule
requirements. EPA agrees that having
signs in the language of the occupant is
preferable. However, the Agency is
concerned that renovators will not have
the ability to provide signs in every
language, and that it may be the case
that occupants, especially in multi-
family dwellings, will speak a variety of
languages. In the HUD Lead Safe
Housing Rule, HUD addressed this issue
by requiring that signs, to the extent
practicable, be provided in the
occupants' primary language. Therefore,
consistent with HUD's Lead Safe
Housing Rule, this final rule requires
warning signs, to the extent practicable,
to be provided in the occupants'
primary language.
3. Containment. This final rule
requires that the firm isolate the work
area so that dust or debris does not leave
the work area while the renovation is
being performed. In addition, EPA has
clarified that the firm must maintain the
integrity of the containment by ensuring
that any plastic or other impermeable
materials are not torn or displaced, and
taking any other steps necessary to
ensure that dust or debris does not leave
the work area while the renovation is
being performed.
In addition, EPA has made
conforming changes to the performance
standard that renovators and renovation
firms are being held to in this final rule.
EPA was concerned that the rule text
and preamble were confusing because
there were references to "visible" dust
and debris or "identifiable" dust and
debris and "all" dust and debris. For
example, in the 2006 Proposal "work
area" was defined as the area
established by the certified renovator to
"contain all the dust and debris
generated by a renovation." In the
renovator responsibilities (as proposed
at 40 CFR 745.90(b)(4)), the renovator
was responsible for ensuring "that dust
and debris is not spread beyond the
work area." In describing the
containment to be established, the rule
text referred to "visible" dust and debris
and in the section on waste from
renovations (as proposed at 40 CFR
745.85(a)(3)) the rule text referred to
"identifiable" dust. It was not EPA's
intention to create subjectivity as to
whether dust and debris were being
dispersed. By conforming its
terminology EPA is clarifying that
certified renovators and renovation
firms must ensure that the dust and
debris (as opposed to "visible" or
"indentifiable" dust and debris)
generated by the renovation is
contained. Should an EPA inspector
observe dust or debris escaping from the
containment, the certified renovator and
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21729
the renovation firm would be in
violation of this final rule.
This final rule also requires that the
certified renovator be physically present
at the work site when the required
containment is established. This means
the certified renovator must determine
for each regulated project the size and
type of containment necessary to
prevent dust and debris from leaving the
established work area. This
determination will be based on the
certified renovator's evaluation of the
extent and nature of the activity and the
specific work practices that will be
used.
Containment refers to methods of
preventing leaded dust from
contaminating objects in the work area
and from migrating beyond the work
area. It includes, among other possible
measures, the use of disposable plastic
drop cloths to cover floors and objects
in the work area, and sealing of
openings with plastic sheeting where
necessary to prevent dust and debris
from leaving the work area. When
planning a renovation project, it is the
certified renovator's responsibility to
determine the type of work site
preparation necessary to prevent dust
and debris from leaving the work area.
Renovation projects generate varying
amounts of leaded dust, paint chips,
and other lead-contaminated materials
depending on the type of work, area
affected, and work methods used.
Because of this variability, the size of
the area that must be isolated and the
containment methods used will vary
from project to project. Large renovation
projects could involve one or more
rooms and potentially encompass an
entire home or building, while small
projects may require only a relatively
small amount of containment. The
necessary work area preparations will
depend on the size of the surface(s)
being disturbed, the method used in
disturbing the surface, and the building
layout. For example, repairing a small
area of damaged drywall would most
likely require the containment of a
smaller work area and less preparation
than demolition work, which would
most likely require a containment of a
larger work area and more extensive
preparation in order to prevent the
migration of dust and debris from the
work area. The Environmental Field
Sampling Study, which found that the
following activities created dust-lead
hazards at a distance of 6 feet from
where the work was being performed:
Paint removal by abrasive sanding.
Window replacement.
HVAC duct work.
Demolition of interior plaster
walls.
Drilling into wood.
Sawing into wood.
Sawing into plaster.
Based on these data, EPA believes that
at least 6 feet of containment is
necessary to contain dust generated by
most renovation projects.
Under this final rule, at a minimum,
interior work area preparations must
include removing all objects in the work
area or covering them with plastic
sheeting or other impermeable material.
This includes fixed objects, such as
cabinets and countertops, and objects
that may be difficult to move, such as
appliances. Interior preparations must
also include closing all forced air HVAC
ducts in the work area and covering
them with plastic sheeting or other
impermeable material; closing all
windows in the work area; closing and
sealing all doors in the work area; and
covering the floor surface in the work
area, including installed carpet, with
taped-down plastic sheeting or other
impermeable material in the work area
6 feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces
undergoing renovation or a sufficient
distance to contain the dust, whichever
is greater.
To ensure that dust and debris do not
leave the work area, it may be necessary
to close forced air HVAC ducts or
windows near the work area. Doors
within the work area that will be used
while the job is being performed must
be covered with plastic sheeting or other
impermeable material in a manner that
allows workers to pass through, while
confining dust and debris to the work
area. In addition, all personnel, tools,
and other items, including the exterior
of containers of waste, must be free of
dust and debris when leaving the work
area.
For exterior projects, the same
performance standard applies; namely,
the certified renovator or a worker
under the direction of the certified
renovator must contain the work area so
that dust or debris does not leave the
work area while the renovation is being
performed. Additionally, in response to
comments suggesting that EPA follow
the HUD Guidelines with respect to
exterior containment requirements, EPA
has incorporated a similar 10 foot
minimum. Consequently, this final rule
requires that exterior containment
include covering the ground 10 feet
beyond the perimeter of surfaces
undergoing renovation or a sufficient
distance to collect falling paint debris,
whichever is greater, unless the
property line prevents 10 feet of such
ground covering. EPA has concluded
that this is an appropriate and
reasonable precaution for exterior work,
given the fact that some amount of
dispersal of dust or debris is likely as a
result of air movement, even on
relatively calm days. In addition, EPA
sees value in maintaining appropriate
consistency between this regulation and
related HUD rules and guidelines.
In addition to such ground covering,
exterior work area preparations must
include, at a minimum, closing all doors
and windows within 20 feet of the
outside of the work area on the same
floor as the renovation, and closing all
doors and windows on the floors below
that area. For example, if the renovation
involves sanding a 5-foot by 5-foot area
of paint in the middle of the third floor
of a building, and that side of the
building is only 40 feet long, all doors
and windows on that side of the third
floor must be closed, as well as all of the
doors and windows on that side of the
second and first floors. In situations
where other buildings are in close
proximity to the work area, where the
work area abuts a property line, or
weather conditions dictate the need for
additional containment (i.e., windy
conditions) the certified renovator or a
worker under the direction of the
certified renovator performing the
renovation may have to take extra
precautions in containing the work area
to ensure that dust and debris from the
renovation does not contaminate other
buildings or migrate to adjacent
property. This may include erecting
vertical containment designed to
prevent dust and debris from
contaminating the ground or any object
beyond the work area. In addition, doors
within the work area that will be used
while the job is being performed must
be covered with plastic sheeting or other
impermeable material in a manner that
allows workers to pass through while
confining dust and debris to the work
area.
Some commenters agreed with the
proposed procedures. One commenter
agreed that with containment, dust can
be contained and cleaned up
sufficiently to pass the wipe test
screening results. Another commenter
supported the use of standard
containment and cleaning practices
known to reduce dust lead levels on
both interior and exterior surfaces and
to protect soils and gardens surrounding
the house.
Some commenters asserted that the
containment procedures were not
stringent enough. Some suggested that
EPA follow the HUD Guidelines with
respect to exterior containment
requirements. Others asked EPA to
strengthen exterior containment
requirements by specifying that
containment extend at least twenty feet
to collect all debris and residue and that
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the rule address circumstances such as
wind and rain. One commenter asserted
that allowing the certified renovator
complete discretion to determine what
is appropriate renders the worksite
containment requirements completely
unenforceable and asked EPA to
consider providing a minimum
performance standard that all renovators
must meet. EPA agrees that a minimum
performance standard is necessary and
that is why under this final rule EPA is
requiring certified renovators to
establish containment that prevents dust
and debris from leaving the work area.
In addition, in this rule EPA has
established minimum containment
requirements for both interior and
exterior renovation requirements. While
the certified renovator has discretion
regarding the specific components and
extent of containment, the renovator
and firm will be in violation of this final
rule if dust or debris leaves the work
area for both interior and exterior
renovations. If dust or debris migrates
beyond the work area, that migration
constitutes a violation of the rule.
Accordingly, EPA does not agree with
the commenter that the rule is
unenforceable.
This final rule provides the certified
renovator with some discretion to define
the specific size and configuration of the
containment to accommodate the
variability in size and scope of
renovations. EPA considered requiring
that in all cases the entire room in
which a renovation is occurring be
contained, but concluded that doing so
would be unwarranted. For example, a
small manual sanding job in a large
room would not necessarily require full
room containment to isolate the work
area. EPA has concluded that the most
appropriate approach is to impose a
minimum size for containment coupled
with a performance standard-
preventing dust or debris from leaving
the workarea-and to prescribe with
reasonable specificity the containment
measures that are required-e.g., use of
plastic of other impermeable material,
removal or covering of objects in the
work area - but to provide some measure
of discretion with regards to the case-
specific approaches to containment.
In response to EPA's request for
comments on whether there are any
situations where some or all of the
proposed work practices are not
necessary, commenters suggested that
work practices were not needed during
a gut rehabilitation, although two of the
commenters suggested a waiver rather
than an exemption in these situations.
Several commenters thought that work
in unoccupied structures should not
require the use of lead safe work
practices, or should have an adapted set
of work practices. A commenter opined
that certain interior containments may
not be necessary in vacant and empty
housing, but that exterior work always
should use lead safe work practices to
protect the environment and
neighborhood. A commenter stated that
there are certain activities common to
multifamily and rental housing that
warrant special consideration from the
Agency. For example, simple painting
activities that occur when rental
properties turn over should not require
a full suite of work practices,
particularly given that most state laws
require apartment owners to paint each
unit at turnover. The commenter
suggested that EPA consider a less
restrictive set of guidelines for those
properties simply undergoing routine
painting during the turnover process.
EPA believes that whole house gut
rehabilitation projects may demolish
and rebuild a structure to a point where
it is effectively new construction. In this
case, it would not be a modification of
an existing structure, and therefore not
a renovation. However, a partial-house
gut rehabilitation such as a kitchen or
bathroom gut rehabilitation project
clearly falls within the scope of this
final rule.
EPA disagrees that temporarily
unoccupied or vacant housing should be
per se exempt from the requirements of
this final rule. EPA's primary concern
with exempting renovations in such
housing from the work practices
required by this final rule is the
exposure to returning residents to lead-
based paint hazards created by the
renovation. However, EPA recognizes
that if no child under 6 or no pregnant
woman resides there, the owner-
occupant may so state in writing and the
requirements of this rule would not
apply. In addition, for routine painting,
such as at unit turnover, if such painting
activity does not involve disturbing
more than 6 ft2 of painted surfaces per
room for interiors or 20 ft2 for exteriors,
and otherwise meet the definition of
"minor repair and maintenance," the
requirements of this final rule would
not apply. EPA cannot see a basis for
imposing a less restrictive set of
requirements for projects that disturb
more than 6 ft2 of painted surfaces per
room for interiors or 20 ft2 for exteriors.
Some commenters believed that the
Proposal did not adequately address the
decontamination of workers and
equipment involved in a renovation.
They supported the proposed
requirement that all personnel, tools
and other items, including the exteriors
of containers of waste, be free of dust
and debris before leaving the work area.
However, they believed that the
proposed alternative, covering the paths
used to reach the exterior of the
building with plastic, was not
sufficiently protective. One contended
that significant lead dust contamination
can be tracked or carried out of a work
area if workers and equipment are not
properly decontaminated. This
commenter further noted that workers
with contaminated clothing can take
that contamination home to their own
children and taking contaminated
equipment to another jobsite could
potentially create a lead hazard at a new
site. EPA agrees with these commenters
and has deleted the alternative
language. The final rule requires
renovation firms to use precautions to
ensure that all personnel, tools and
other items, including the exteriors of
containers of waste, to be free of dust
and debris before leaving the work area.
There are several ways of accomplishing
this. For example, tacky mats may be
put down immediately adjacent to the
plastic sheeting covering the work area
floor to remove dust and debris from the
bottom of the workers' shoes as they
leave the work area, workers may
remove their shoe covers (booties) as
they leave the work area, and clothing
and materials may be wet-wiped and/or
HEPA-vacuumed before they are
removed from the work area.
Finally, in response to a commenter
who was concerned about containment
not impeding occupant egress in an
emergency, EPA has modified the
regulatory text to specify that
containment must be installed in such
a manner that it does not interfere with
occupant and worker egress in an
emergency. This can be accomplished,
as noted in chapter 17 of the HUD
Guidelines, by installing plastic over
doors with a weak tape.
4. Prohibited and restricted practices.
The final rule prohibits or restricts the
use of certain work practices during
regulated renovations. These practices
are open flame burning or torching of
lead-based paint; the use of machines
that remove lead-based paint through
high speed operation such as sanding,
grinding, power planing, needle gun,
abrasive blasting, or sandblasting,
unless such machines are used with
HEPA exhaust control; and operating a
heat gun above 1100 degrees Fahrenheit.
These are essentially the same practices
as are currently prohibited or restricted
under the Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations, 40 CFR 745.227(e)(6), with
the exception of dry hand scraping of
lead-based paint. While this final rule
and EPA's Lead-Based Paint Activities
Regulations do not prohibit or restrict
the use of volatile paint strippers or
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21731
other hazardous substances to remove
paint, the use of these substances are
prohibited for use in poorly ventilated
areas by HUD's Lead Safe Housing Rule
and they are regulated by OSHA.
EPA did not propose to prohibit or
restrict any work practices, but instead
asked for public comment regarding
their prohibition or restriction. The
Agency was concerned that, because
these practices are commonly used
during renovation work, prohibiting
such practices could make certain jobs,
such as preparing detailed or historic
millwork for new painting, extremely
difficult, if not impossible. In addition,
EPA believed that use of the proposed
package of training, containment,
cleanup, and cleaning verification
requirements would be effective in
preventing the introduction of new lead-
based paint hazards, even when such
practices were used. EPA is modifying
the proposal based on new data
evaluating specific work practices and
in response to comments received.
a. The Dust Study. EPA understood
when developing the proposed rule that
considerable data existed showing the
potential for significant lead
contamination when lead paint is
disturbed by practices restricted under
EPA's Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations for abatements. EPA
conducted the Dust Study, in part, to
determine the effectiveness of the
proposed work practices. The Dust
Study evaluated a variety of renovation
activities, including activities that
involved several practices restricted or
prohibited under the abatement
regulations. For example, power planing
was included in the Dust Study as a
representative of machines that remove
lead-based paint through high speed
operation. Similarly, the Dust Study
also included experiments with power
sanding and a needle gun. Each of these
activities generated very high levels of
dust. The Dust Study thus evaluated the
proposed work practice standards, using
a range of typical practices currently
used by contractors.
In particular, the Dust Study found
that renovation activities involving
power planing and high temperature
heat gun resulted in higher post-job
renovation dust lead levels than
activities using other practices. The
geometric mean post-work, pre-cleaning
floor dust lead levels in the work room
were 32,644 |ig/ft2 for power planing
and 7,737 |ig/ft2 for high temperature
heat guns. More importantly, in
experiments performed in compliance
with this rule's requirements for
containment, cleaning, and cleaning
verification, the geometric mean post-
job floor dust lead levels were still 148
|ig/ft2 for power planing, well over the
TSCA section 403 hazard standard for
floors. While the geometric mean post-
job floor dust levels for the 3 similar
experiments involving high temperature
heat guns, i.e., experiments performed
in compliance with this rule's
requirements, were 36 |ig/ft2, the
average post-cleaning-verification floor
dust lead levels for the individual
experiments were 147.5, 65.5, and less
than 10 Jig/ft2. Thus, in 2 of these 3
experiments, the requirements of this
final rule were insufficient to reduce the
floor dust lead levels below the TSCA
section 403 hazard standards for floors.
In addition, power planing and use of a
high temperature heat gun generated
fine particle-size dust that was difficult
to clean. In fact, almost all of the high
post-renovation lead levels were
associated with activities involving
power planing and high temperature
heat guns. Moreover, activities
involving power planing and high
temperature heat gun jobs also resulted
in higher post-job tool room and
observation room lead levels than other
practices.
Thus, while the Dust Study confirmed
that most practices prohibited or
restricted under EPA's Lead-based Paint
Activities Regulations do indeed
produce large quantities of lead dust, it
also demonstrated that, with respect to
lead-based paint hazards created by
machines that remove lead-based paint
through high speed operation and high
temperature heat guns, the use of the
proposed work practices were not
effective at containing or removing dust-
lead hazards from the work area.
b. Alternatives to certain practices. As
discussed above, in the proposed rule,
EPA stated a concern that, because
practices prohibited or restricted under
EPA's Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations are commonly used during
renovation work, prohibiting or
restricting such practices could make
certain jobs, such as preparing detailed
or historic millwork for new painting,
extremely difficult or, in some cases,
impossible. In response to its request for
comment, the Agency received
information on techniques including
benign strippers, steam stripping, closed
planing with vacuums, and infrared
removal that the commenter believed
are far superior, far safer and far cheaper
than some of the traditionally
prohibited or restricted practices.
Another commenter noted that window
removal and off-site chemical stripping
in a well-ventilated setting is an
alternative to using heat or mechanical
methods to remove lead paint on-site.
Alternatively, chemical strippers can be
used on-site, given adequate ventilation
and protection for workers and building
occupants. EPA is therefore persuaded
that there are sufficient alternatives to
these practices.
c. Conclusion. Based on the results of
the Dust Study and in response to the
voluminous persuasive public
comments, this final rule prohibits or
restricts the use of the following
practices during renovation, repair, and
painting activities that are subject to the
work practice requirements of this rule:
Open-flame burning or torching.
Machines that remove lead-based
paint through high speed operation such
as sanding, grinding, power planing,
needle gun, abrasive blasting, or
sandblasting, unless such machines are
used with HEPA exhaust control.
Operating a heat gun above 1100
degrees Fahrenheit.
EPA has concluded that these
practices must be prohibited or
restricted during renovation, repair, and
painting activities that disturb lead-
based paint because the work practices
in this final rule are not effective at
containing the spread of leaded dust
when these practices are used, or at
cleaning up lead-based paint hazards
created by these practices. Thus, the
work practices are not effective at
minimizing exposure to lead-based
paint hazards created during renovation
activities when these activities are used.
This final rule does not prohibit or
restrict the use of dry hand scraping.
EPA has concluded based primarily on
the Dust Study as corroborated by other
data described below that it is not
necessary to prohibit or restrict dry
scraping because the containment,
cleaning, and cleaning verification
requirements of this rule are effective at
minimizing exposure to lead-based
paint hazards created by renovations
and the migration of dust-lead hazards
beyond the work area when dry hand
scraping is employed.
The Dust Study evaluated dry hand
scraping, which is restricted under
EPA's lead abatement program. In
contrast to the results of the activities
using power planing and high
temperature heat gun, average post-job
dust lead levels in the two experiments
in which paint was disturbed by dry
hand scraping and the work practices
required by this rule were used were
below the regulatory dust-lead hazard
standard for floors. In addition, the
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a
Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) at the
request of the Rhode Island Department
of Health, and published a final report
in June of 2000 (Ref. 36). The purpose
of the evaluation was to measure worker
exposure during various tasks and to
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determine whether workers were
exposed to hazardous amounts of lead-
based paint. Notably worker exposures
were compared when scraping painted
surfaces using wet and dry scraping
methods (wet scraping is the customary
substitute for dry scraping in abatement
applications). A comparison of worker
exposure found statistically equivalent
worker exposures. Based on the NIOSH
study, EPA has determined that dry
scraping is the equivalent of its only
practical alternative, wet scraping.
In sum, EPA has determined based on
the studies described above and the
persuasive comments, including those
summarized below, provided by the
overwhelming majority of commenters
that its approach of prohibiting or
restricting certain practices in
combination with the containment,
cleaning, and cleaning verification, will
be effective in minimizing exposure to
lead-based paint hazards created during
renovation activities, provide an
appropriate measure of consistency with
other regulatory programs, and cause
minimal disruption for renovation
firms.
i. Substantial exposures. Numerous
commenters argued that the rule should
prohibit certain practices based on
potential health hazards, many backed
up by well-documented scientific
studies and proven health-protective
standards. One commenter stated, after
citing several scientific studies, that
removing or disturbing lead paint
without proper controls causes
substantial contamination, posing
serious risks to occupants, workers and
others. Another cited numerous
scientific studies demonstrating the
adverse public health implications of
permitting these work practices and the
availability of alternative work methods.
Still another cited the EPA renovation
and remodeling study and a State of
Maryland study as evidence that
prohibited work practices may be
associated with elevated blood lead
levels. One commenter cited health
hazard evaluations of residential lead
renovation work showing that these
activities produce hazardous worker
exposures. Another commenter noted
that the hazards of activities that are
likely to produce large amounts of lead
dust or fumes are well documented,
stating that, for example, the Wisconsin
Childhood Blood-Lead Study found that
the odds of a resident child having a
blood lead level in excess of 10 |^g/dL
increased by 5 times after renovation
using open flame torching, and by 4.6
times after heat gun use. Another
commenter was concerned that
previously collected data may not
account for different particle-size
distribution, a factor in both the
potential cleaning efficacy of work areas
and the toxicology of lead poisoning.
ii. Consistency with other standards.
Some commenters urged EPA to
prohibit certain high dust generating
practices for the sake of consistency
with other work practice standards.
Numerous commenters asserted EPA's
rule should be consistent with HUD
requirements to avoid confusion on the
part of contractors and to conform to the
standard that has been in place for
nearly 6 years. One commenter noted
that the regulations of several other
federal agencies that administer housing
programs, such as the Department of
Defense, Department of Agriculture, and
Veterans Affairs include prohibited
practices. Other commenters noted that
the proposed rule conflicted with OSHA
rules and would cause confusion among
contractors.
Some commenters noted that EPA's
proposed rule would conflict with
individual state or local regulations
prohibiting some or all of these
practices. One commenter listed the
following states and some cities that
have prohibited work practices:
California, Indiana, Maine,
Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey,
Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont,
Wisconsin, Chicago, Cleveland, New
Orleans, New York City, Rochester, and
San Francisco. Two commenters cited
state law in Indiana, under which
certain work practices are prohibited
and contractors using such work
practices are committing a Class D
felony (422, 449).
Other commenters noted that
practices that are prohibited under
EPA's Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations should also be prohibited
for renovation work in pre-1978
properties, and noted that in developing
the abatement rule EPA demonstrated
through its own studies that these
practices may increase the risk of
elevated blood lead levels in children.
5. Waste from renovations. Under this
final rule the certified renovator or a
worker trained by and under the
direction of the certified renovator is
required to ensure that all personnel,
tools, and other items including waste
are free of dust and debris when leaving
the work area. The certified renovator or
a worker trained by and under the
direction of the certified renovator must
also contain waste to prevent releases of
dust and debris before the waste is
removed from the work area for storage
or disposal. If a chute is used to remove
waste from the work area, it must be
covered. At the conclusion of each work
day and at the conclusion of the
renovation, the certified renovator or a
worker trained by and under the
direction of the certified renovator must
ensure that waste that has been
collected from renovation activities is
stored under containment, in an
enclosure, or behind a barrier that
prevents release of dust and debris from
the work area and prevents access to
dust and debris. This final rule also
requires the certified renovator or a
worker trained by and under the
direction of the certified renovator
transporting lead-based paint waste
from a work site to contain the waste to
prevent releases, e.g., inside a plastic
garbage bag. As described in more detail
in Unit IV.D.2.C. of the preamble to the
2006 Proposal, EPA revised its solid
waste regulations in 40 CFR parts 257
and 258 to make clear that lead-based
paint waste generated through
renovation and remodeling activities in
residential settings may be disposed of
in municipal solid waste landfill units
or in construction and demolition (C&D)
landfills. Requirements for waste
disposal may vary by jurisdiction and
state and local requirements may be
more stringent than Federal
requirements. When disposing of waste,
including waste water, from renovation
activities, the renovation firm must
ensure that it complies with all
applicable Federal, State, and local
requirements.
One commenter suggested that EPA
should consider requiring that lead-
contaminated waste be stored in a
locked area or in a lockable storage
container. This commenter also
suggested that to prevent any confusion
on what constitutes a covered chute, a
definition or clarification should be
provided in the rule. Another
commenter recommended the use of
"sealed" rather than "covered" chutes
for waste removal, as a covered chute
may not be protective enough to prevent
the release of significant amounts of
lead-contaminated dust. This final rule
requires that waste must be contained to
prevent releases of dust and debris
before the waste is removed from the
work area for storage or disposal. With
respect to the use of chutes for waste
removal, the requirement for a covered
chute was proposed merely to facilitate
the removal of bagged or sealed waste so
that it is deposited in an appropriate
waste disposal container and does not
fall to the ground. EPA does not,
therefore, believe that this term either
needs to be further defined or to require
the use of a "sealed" chute.
EPA understands that renovation
projects can generate a considerable
amount and variety of waste material.
However, EPA believes that the
requirements of the final rule protect
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21733
occupants and others from potential
lead-based paint hazards presented by
this waste. While storing the waste in a
locked container is one way to meet the
performance standard of this final rule,
EPA does not believe that is necessary
to specify that as a requirement. The
waste may be stored in the work area,
which will already be delineated with
signs cautioning occupants and others
to keep out. EPA believes the owner/
occupants have some responsibility for
observing these signs. Renovation sites
pose potential hazards other than lead-
based paint hazardsincluding the
potential fall hazards, sharp protrusions,
etc. In sum, the certified renovator is
responsible for ensuring that lead-
contaminated building components and
work area debris that are stored under
containment, in an enclosure, or behind
a barrier that prevents release of dust
and debris and prevents access to the
debris. Under this final rule the certified
renovator must ensure that waste
leaving the work area is contained (e.g.,
in a heavy duty plastic bag or sealed in
plastic sheeting) and free of dust or
debris. This imposes a reasonable
performance standard without requiring
a specific approach. The certified
renovator is responsible for evaluating
the waste generated and the
characteristics of the work site to
determine the most effective way of
meeting this standard.
6. Cleaning the work areaa. Final
rule requirements. Under this final rule
the certified renovator or a worker
under the direction of the certified
renovator must clean the work area to
remove dust, debris or residue. All
renovation activities that disturb
painted surfaces can produce dangerous
quantities of leaded dust. Because very
small particles of leaded dust are easily
absorbed by the body when ingested or
inhaled, it can create a health hazard for
children. Unless this dust is properly
removed, renovation and remodeling
activities are likely to introduce new
lead-based paint hazards. Therefore, the
rule requires prescriptive cleaning
practices. Ultimately, improper cleaning
can increase the cost of a project
because additional cleaning may be
necessary during post-renovation
cleaning verification.
This final rule requires that, upon
completion of interior renovation
activities, all paint chips and debris
must be picked up. Protective sheeting
must be misted and folded dirty side
inward. Sheeting used to isolate
contaminated rooms from non-
contaminated rooms must remain in
place until after the cleaning and
removal of other sheeting; this sheeting
must then be misted and removed last.
Removed sheeting must be either folded
and taped shut to seal or sealed in
heavy-duty bags and disposed of as
waste. After the sheeting has been
removed from the work area, the entire
area must be cleaned including the
adjacent surfaces that are within 2 feet
of the work area. The walls, starting
from the ceiling and working down to
the floor, must be vacuumed with a
HEP A vacuum or wiped with a damp
cloth. The final rule requires that all
remaining surfaces and objects in the
work area, including floors, furniture,
and fixtures be thoroughly vacuumed
with a HEPA vacuum. When cleaning
carpets, the HEPA vacuum must be
equipped with a beater bar to aid in
dislodging and collecting deep dust and
lead from carpets. The beater bar must
be used on all passes on the carpet face
during dry vacuuming. This cleaning
step is intended to remove as much dust
and remaining debris as possible. After
vacuuming, all surfaces and objects in
the work area, except for walls and
carpeted or upholstered surfaces, must
be wiped with a damp cloth. Wet
disposable cleaning cloths of any color
may be used for this purpose. In
contrast, as discussed in the next
section, only wet disposable cleaning
cloths that are white may be used for
cleaning verification. Uncarpeted floors
must be thoroughly mopped using a 2-
bucket mopping method that keeps the
wash water separate from the rinse
water, or using a wet mopping system
with disposable absorbent cleaning pads
and a built-in mechanism for
distributing or spraying cleaning
solution from a reservoir onto a floor.
When cleaning following an exterior
renovation, all paint chips and debris
must be picked up. Protective sheeting
used for containment must be misted
with water. All sheeting must be folded
from the corners or ends to the middle
to trap any remaining dust and either
taped shut to seal or sealed in heavy
duty bags. The sheeting must be
disposed of as waste.
b. Comments on the cleaning
protocol. Several commenters proposed
minor changes to the cleaning
procedures. Three commenters
recommended that daily clean-up be
required for projects lasting more than
1 day. One commenter stated that all
tools and equipment should be cleaned
prior to leaving the job site. One
commenter indicated concern that there
is no mention of wet wiping areas such
as window sills. This final rule requires
cleaning both in and around the work
area to ensure no dust or debris remains
following the renovation. The final rule
also requires that all personnel, tools,
and other items including waste are free
of dust and debris when leaving the
work area. EPA recommends that
contractors keep work areas as clean
and free of dust and debris as practical.
Daily cleaning is a good practice, and it
may be necessary in some cases to
ensure no dust or debris leaves the work
area as required by this final rule.
However, EPA has no basis to believe
that daily cleaning is necessary in every
case or even most cases. EPA also notes
that the work area must be delineated by
signs so that occupants and others do
not enter the area. This final rule
requires the work area to be contained,
and to ensure that all tools, personnel,
and other items, including waste, to be
free of dust and debris when leaving the
work area. Under this final rule, interior
windowsills and most other interior
surfaces in the work area must be wet
wiped. The exceptions are upholstery
and carpeting, which must be vacuumed
with a HEPA vacuum, and walls, which
may be wet wiped or vacuumed with a
HEPA vacuum.
Some commenters requested
clarification of the requirement to clean
"in and around the work area." In
response to the two commenters that
noted that the HUD Guidelines
recommend cleaning 2 feet beyond the
work area, EPA has modified the
regulatory text to require cleaning of
surfaces and objects in and within 2 feet
of the work area.
One commenter argued that
vacuuming was not necessary because
40 CFR 745.85 requires the certified
renovator to cover all furnishings not
removed from the work area, so
additional cleaning is unnecessary. EPA
disagrees with this commenter. Carpets
and upholstered objects that remained,
covered with plastic, in the work area
during the renovation must be
vacuumed after the plastic is removed to
ensure that the surfaces did not become
contaminated during the renovation due
to a breach in the containment or during
the removal of the containment during
clean-up.
One commenter asserted that some
requirements for cleaning were not
prescriptive enough. The commenter
suggested that the rule text, which states
that the certified renovator or a worker
under the direction of the certified
renovator must "pick up all paint chips
and debris," could be re-worded to state
that the certified renovator or a worker
under the direction of the certified
renovator must "collect all paint chips,
debris, and dust, and, without
dispersing any of it, seal this material in
a heavy-duty plastic bag." EPA agrees
that additional detail would be helpful
in this instance and has modified the
final rule to include this
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recommendation, with the exception of
dust, which is collected when the
protective sheeting is misted and folded
inward.
One commenter stated that the
cleaning procedures were excessive and
problematic. This commenter asserted
that the two-bucket mopping system is
inappropriate for some floor types such
as wood floors for which excessive
water could damage the floor. The
commenter suggested that EPA allow a
cleaning method employing a dry or
damp cloth, or any other specified
methodology, to be used in order to
achieve a no dust or debris level of
cleaning. Three commenters asserted
that EPA's definition of wet mopping
system was too specific. One commenter
stated that to include "a long handle, a
mop head..." in the description of the
wet mopping system is too prescriptive
and favors a particular model of
commercial product. EPA understands
that the two bucket mopping system
may not be appropriate for all floor
types due to the quantity of water
involved. However, the HUD Guidelines
recommend and the Dust Study
demonstrates that wet cleaning is best
able to achieve desired results. This
final rule allows for the use of a wet
mopping system instead of the two
bucket system for the cleaning of
flooring. EPA has included a definition
of a wet mopping system in order to
allow the regulated community to use
such a system in place of the traditional
two-bucket mop method. EPA's
Electrostatic Cloth and Wet Cloth Field
Study in Residential Housing study
("Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study"),
discussed in more detail in Unit IV.E.2.
of the 2006 Proposal, indicates that a
wet mopping system is an effective
method for cleaning up leaded dust
(Ref. 37). EPA believes that allowing the
use of a wet mopping system like those
widely available in a variety of stores
should alleviate concerns regarding the
quantity of water used in the cleanup.
In addition, EPA disagrees that the
description of a wet mopping system
favors a particular model of commercial
product. Rather, it generally describes
any number of wet mopping systems
widely available in most stores.
However, to alleviate concerns that a
particular model of commercial product
is preferred, EPA has added the phrase
"or a method of equivalent efficacy" to
the end of the definition of "wet
mopping system."
One commenter recommended that
instead of referencing a two bucket
method, EPA should consider simply
stating that a method be used that keeps
the wash water separate from the rinse
water. EPA agrees and has revised the
regulatory text to specify a method that
keeps wash water separate from rinse
water, giving as an example the two
bucket method.
One commenter questioned the
requirement to vacuum underneath a
rug or carpet where feasible. The
commenter suggested that EPA clarify
that this does not include permanently
affixed wall-to-wall carpeting. The
commenter notes that it is highly
unlikely that the renovation or
remodeling activity conducted in a
carpeted room would have created the
dust embedded underneath both the
layer of plastic sheeting and the
installed carpeting. EPA agrees with this
commenter. EPA did not intend to
require vacuuming beneath permanently
affixed carpets, i.e., wall to wall
carpeting, but rather that removable rugs
should be removed and the area beneath
vacuumed. However, small, movable,
area rugs should be removed from the
work area prior to the renovation and
the floor beneath would be cleaned as
required under this final rule. Therefore,
in response to this commenter, EPA has
deleted the requirement to vacuum
beneath rugs where feasible.
One commenter recommended four
options for cleaning carpets: Removing
the carpet and pad, cleaning the
underlying flooring, then replacing the
carpet and pad; shampooing the carpet
using a vacuum attachment that
removes the suds; steam cleaning the
carpet using a vacuum attachment that
removes the moisture; or HEPA filtered
vacuuming. This final rule seeks to
minimize the introduction of lead-based
paint hazards to carpeted floors by
requiring the certified renovator to cover
the floor of the work area with plastic
sheeting, carefully clean up and remove
the plastic sheeting following work, and
thoroughly vacuum the carpet using a
HEPA vacuum with a beater bar. EPA
believes this containment and cleanup
protocol will minimize exposure to
lead-based paint hazards created during
renovation activities. EPA does not
believe a renovation contractor should
be responsible for removing and
replacing carpet in a home when such
a requirement was not within the scope
of the renovation project. Also, in
contrast to the effectiveness of using a
HEPA on carpets, EPA does not have
sufficient data on steam cleaning or
shampooing to evaluate its
effectiveness. Without data to
demonstrate the effectiveness of
shampooing or steam cleaning carpets
EPA is not prepared to require these
methods be used in lieu of vacuuming
with a HEPA vacuum. EPA further notes
that the HUD lead-safe Housing Rule
only requires HEPA vacuuming, not
steam cleaning or shampooing.
c. Vacuums equipped with HEPA
filters. Given that the HUD Guidelines
recommend the use of HEPA vacuums
and the OSHA Lead in Construction
standard requires that vacuums be
equipped with HEPA filters where
vacuums are used, EPA proposed
requiring the use of HEPA vacuums in
its proposed work practices.
Nonetheless, EPA requested comment
on whether the rule should allow the
use of vacuums other than vacuums
equipped with HEPA filters given.
Specifically, EPA requested comment
on whether there are other vacuums that
have the same efficiency at capturing
the smaller lead particles as HEPA-
equipped vacuums, along with any data
that would support this performance
equivalency and whether this
performance specification is appropriate
for leaded dust cleanup.
i. Background. HEPA filters were first
developed by the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission during World War II to
capture microscopic radioactive
particles that existing filters could not
remove. HEPA filters have the ability to
capture particles of 0.3 microns with
99.97% efficiency. Particles both larger
and smaller than 0.3 microns are easier
to catch. Thus, HEPA filters capture
those particles at 100%. Available
information indicates that lead particles
generated by renovation activities range
in size from over 20 microns to 0.3
microns or less (Ref. 38).
OSHA recently completed a public
review? of their Lead in Construction
standard (Ref. 39). OSHA concluded
that the principal concerns regarding
HEPA vacuums (i.e., cost and
availability) have been significantly
reduced since the standard was
established in 1994. HEPA vacuum
cleaners have an increased presence in
the marketplace and their cost has
decreased significantly. Therefore,
OSHA continues to require the use of
HEPA vacuums in work subject to the
Lead in Construction Standard.
ii. Final rule requirements. Vacuums
used as part of the work practices being
finalized in this final rule must be
HEPA vacuums, which are to be used
and emptied in a manner that
minimizes the reentry of lead into the
workplace. The term "HEPA vacuum" is
defined as a vacuum which has been
designed with a HEPA filter as the last
filtration stage. A HEPA filter is a filter
that is capable of capturing particles of
0.3 microns with 99.97% efficiency. The
vacuum cleaner must be designed so
that all the air drawn into the machine
is expelled through the filter with none
of the air leaking past it.
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21735
iii. Comments. Many commenters
supported the use of HEP A vacuums.
Some of these commenters supported
the requirement that they be used
because they are also required by the
OSHA Lead in Construction standard.
One commenter noted that the price of
HEPA vacuums had decreased and were
no longer significantly more expensive
than non-HEPA vacuums.
Another commenter cited the Dust
Study, the NAHB Lead Safe Work
Practices Survey, and several other
studies as supporting the conclusion
that lead-safe work practices and
modified lead-safe work practices, along
with a two-step or three-step cleaning
process using a HEPA-equipped vacuum
and wet washing, greatly reduce dust
lead levels and should be regarded as
best management practices for
renovation jobs. The commenter notes
that the NAHB study found significant
reductions in loading levels after
cleanup using HEPA-equipped vacuum
and then either wet washing or using a
wet disposable cleaning cloth mop.
One commenter contended that HEPA
vacuums with beater bars were not
currently available on the market at the
time comments were submitted.
However, EPA has been able to identify
commercial vacuum manufacturers as
well as department store brands that
currently offer HEPA vacuums with
beater bar attachments.
Several commenters noted that
vacuum cleaners other than HEPA
vacuums were effective at removing
lead dust. They cited several papers
which they asserted support their
conclusion, including Comparison of
Home Lead Dust Reduction Techniques
on Hard Surfaces: The New Jersey
Assessment of Cleaning Techniques
Trial (2002) by Rich, et al (Ref. 40), a
study by the California Department of
Health Services (Ref. 41) which the
commenter contends concluded that
some non-HEPA vacuums performed
better than the HEPA units tested,
Comparison of Techniques to Reduce
Residential Lead Dust on Carpet and
Upholstery: The New Jersey Assessment
of Cleaning Techniques Trial (2002) by
Yiin, et al (Ref. 42), and Effectiveness of
Clean up Techniques for Leaded Paint
Dust (1992) by the Canadian Mortgage
and Housing Corporation (Ref. 43).
The commenter that cited the Rich, et
al paper contended that the authors
found no clear difference between the
efficacy of HEPA and non-HEPA
vacuums on hard surfaces (non-carpeted
floors, windowsills, and window
troughs), and found that non-HEPA
vacuums appeared more efficient in
removing particles on uncarpeted floors,
which are the hard surfaces that may
best reflect exposure to children. One
commenter stated that given the
research literature demonstrates that
there is no performance difference in
lead dust removal, EPA should allow
cleanup with either a HEPA or non-
HEPA vacuum. Another commenter
contended that a vacuum cleaner
retrofitted with a HEPA filter rather than
a HEPA vacuum should be required to
be used as part of the work practices.
EPA disagrees with the commenters
who state that the literature does not
demonstrate a difference between HEPA
vacuums and non-HEPA vacuums. In
the Yiin, et al study, the authors stated
that for carpets, data from the
"[Environmental and Occupational
Health Sciences Institute] vacuum
sampling method showed a significant
reduction (50.6%, p = 0.014) in mean
lead loading for cleaning using the
HEPA vacuum cleaner but did not result
in a significant difference (14.0%
reduction) for cleaning using the non-
HEPA vacuum cleaner." They also note
that when they used wipe sampling "the
results indicated that neither of the
cleaning methods yielded a significant
reduction in lead loading." EPA
believes the results from the wipe
sampling method is less useful because
as discussed in Unit III.E.8.iv. of this
preamble, the Agency believes that wipe
sampling on carpets is not a reliable
indicator of the lead-based paint dust in
the carpet. The authors report that in
their study non-HEPA vacuums were
more effective than HEPA vacuums on
upholstery but note "[t]he reduced
efficiency of the HEPA vacuum cleaner
in cleaning upholstery [as compared to
carpets] may be, at least partially, due
to the lower pre-cleaning dust lead level
and the smaller sample data set for the
HEPA vacuum cleaner than for the non-
HEPA vacuum cleaner."
In the Rich, et al study, the authors
noted that "On windowsills, the HEPA
vacuum cleaner produced 22% (95% CI,
11-32%) larger reductions than the non-
HEPA vacuum cleaner, and on the
window troughs it produced 16% (95%
CI, -4 to 33%) larger reductions than the
non-HEPA vacuum cleaner." Not only
were the percent reductions greater, the
post-cleaning geometric mean lead
loadings for the experiments in which
the HEPA vacuums were used was
lower than the post-geometric mean
lead loadings for the experiments in
which the non-HEPA vacuums were
used. On hard floors, the authors
reported that the non-HEPA vacuum
removed the largest quantities of lead-
based paint dust. They note that this
may be due in part to the fact that the
initial loadings were higher where the
non-HEPA vacuums were used (Pre-
cleaning geometric mean lead loadings
were 200 and 155 Jig/ft2 for the two
types of experiments where non-HEPA
vacuum were used) as compared to the
lead loadings for the experiments in
which the HEPA vacuum was used (Pre-
cleaning geometric mean lead loading of
100 |J,g/ft2). However, the post-cleaning
geometric mean lead loading for the
experiments in which the HEPA
vacuum was used was lower than for
either of the two types of experiments
where non-HEPA vacuums were used.
The post-cleaning geometric mean lead
loading was lower for each set of
experiments in which the HEPA
vacuum was used. In considering these
data, EPA believes that the data on the
post-cleaning lead loadings are
particularly important. In assessing the
performance of cleaning methods, it is
not only the percent reduction that is
important but also the ability to clean
down to very low levels. Several studies
have demonstrated that reducing lead
loadings from relatively high levels to
about 100 ug/ft2 is more readily
accomplished than reductions below
100 ug/ft2 and becomes progressively
harder at lower levels (Ref. 44).
One commenter stated that EPA did
not have sufficient evidence showing
that HEPA vacuums are significantly
better at removing lead dust than non-
HEPA vacuums and cited a Canadian
Mortgage and Housing Corporation
study from 1992 (Ref. 43). That study
was a laboratory study done in a
dynamic chamber under controlled
conditions and used simulated lead
dust. Lead stearate, a compound not
typically used in lead-based paint, was
used to spike the construction dust used
in the experiments. This study has
various limitations. It focused on how
much of the quantity of leaded dust
applied to a surface was present in the
vacuum bag after vacuuming. There was
no assessment of the size of the dust
particles collected. Most importantly,
the study did not measure the quantity
of leaded dust that remained on the
floor. Without this data, the efficacy of
the non-HEPA vacuums cannot be
assessed. In addition, the study is not
very informative as to what will occur
under real world conditions.
Two years later, the same group (Ref.
45) studied 20 test rooms where they
produced lead-containing dust by power
sanding walls of known lead levels.
Four cleaning methods were used, of
which only two produced acceptable
results. The two cleaning methods that
did not produce acceptable clean-ups
were: (1) Dry sweeping the floor with a
corn broom followed by vacuuming
with a utility vacuum; and (2)
vacuuming the floor with a household
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vacuum cleaner followed by wet
mopping with a commercial household
cleaner. The other two methods that
achieved clean-ups resulting in floors
that passed dust clearance testing were:
(3) vacuuming the floor with a utility
vacuum followed by wet mopping with
a 2% solution of a commercial lead-
cleaning product, followed by a rinse
with clean water; and (4) vacuuming
with a HEPA vacuum, followed by wet
mopping with trisodium phosphate,
followed by a clean water rinse,
followed by more vacuuming with a
HEPA vacuum. The report concludes
that ". . .Cleaning Methods 1 and 2 were
inadequate to meet the cleanliness
criteria. . ." Later it states "Cleaning
Methods 3 and 4 did meet both the
current and proposed HUD criteria."
The same commenter also referred to
a report submitted to HUD by the
California Department of Health
Services (Ref. 41). This study evaluated
a range of vacuums. The efficacy of the
non-HEPA vacuums varied, particularly
in comparison with the HEPA vacuums.
The authors of the report did not
identify the attributes of the non-HEPA
vacuums that were instrumental in
determining their effectiveness. At best,
vacuums that were effective at picking
up and retaining lead-based paint dust
could be classified as high performing
although there were no criteria that
could be discerned on what made a high
performing vacuum. The report also
states that HEPA models without floor
tool brushes performed poorly. This
may be the case. The HEPA vacuums
used in EPA's Dust Study performed
adequately and all of these vacuums
were equipped with flip down brushes
on the floor tool.
The California report contained
another finding of interest. "Of special
concern is the direct observation under
the scanning electron microscope of
lead dust particles dissolving on
exposure to water to release large
numbers of sub-micron lead particles.
Although requiring further study, this
effect suggests that vacuuming to
remove most of the water soluble lead
dust, followed by wet-washing would be
the best cleaning strategy." The cleaning
protocol in this final rule follows this
strategy by requiring, for all surfaces in
and around the work area except for
walls, HEPA vacuuming, followed by
wet wiping or wet mopping, followed
by the cleaning verification protocol.
EPA has determined that the weight
of the evidence provided by these
studies demonstrate that the HEPA
vacuums consistently removed
significant quantities of lead-based paint
dust and reduced lead loadings to lower
levels then did other vacuums.
While there may be some vacuums
cleaners that are as effective as HEPA
vacuums, EPA has not been able to
define quantitatively the specific
attributes of those vacuums. That is,
EPA is not able to identify what criteria
should be used to identify vacuums that
are equivalent to HEPA vacuums in
performance. The authors of the studies
discussed above do not state that the
vacuums used are representative of all
vacuums nor do they try to identify
particular aspects of the non-HEPA
vacuums. Thus, EPA does not believe
that it can identify in this final rule
what types of vacuums can be used as
substitutes for HEPA-vacuums. EPA
believes it would be ineffective to
identify specific makes or models of
vacuums (e.g., the ones used in the
studies) in this final rule given how
quickly manufactures change models,
nor would that take into account new
manufacturers.
EPA also disagrees with the
commenter that suggested that vacuums
that are retrofitted with a HEPA filter
should be considered sufficient for
purposes of this rule. These vacuums
are not necessarily properly sealed or
designed so that the air flow goes
exclusively through the HEPA filter.
EPA agrees with the commenter who
stated that HEPA vacuums are vacuums
which have been designed for the
integral use of HEPA filters, in which
the contaminated air flows through the
HEPA filter in accordance with the
instructions of its manufacturer and for
which the performance standard for the
operation of the filter is defined. EPA
also agrees with those commenters that
contended that the rule should contain
a more-specific definition of HEPA
vacuum. Accordingly, this final rule
defines "HEPA vacuum" as a vacuum
which has been designed with a HEPA
filter as the last filtration stage and
includes a description of what the term
HEPA means. The definition of "HEPA
vacuum" also specifies that the vacuum
cleaner must be designed so that all the
air drawn into the machine is expelled
through the filter with none of the air
leaking past it.
Furthermore, EPA agrees that OSHA's
requirement that HEPA vacuums should
be an important consideration in
determining whether HEPA vacuums
should be required to be used as part of
the work practices being finalized today.
Because OSHA's standard covers
practically all work subject the to EPA's
final Renovation, Repair, and Painting
program regulations, and applies to all
firms having an employee/employer
relationship with few exceptions, there
is no reason to create a separate
standard for those firms not subject to
the OSHA standard, particularly in light
of the data on the efficacy of HEPA
vacuums versus non-HEPA vacuums
discussed above. Even if EPA were able
to define vacuums that were acceptable
substitutes to HEPA vacuums, it is not
clear that the benefits would outweigh
the complications associated with
creating an EPA standard that is
different than that required by OSHA.
7. Cleaning verification. This final
rule requires the certified renovator to
use disposable cleaning cloths after
cleaning both as a fine cleaning step and
as verification that the containment and
cleaning have sufficiently cleaned up
the lead-paint dust created by the
renovation activity. Cleaning
verification's usefulness is based on the
combination of its fine cleaning
properties and the fact that it provides
feed-back to the certified renovator on
the effectiveness of the cleaning.
Cleaning verification is an important
component of the work practices set
forth in this rule and contributes to the
effectiveness of the combination of
training, containment, cleaning and
verification at minimizing exposure to
lead-based paint hazards created during
renovation, remodeling and painting
activities.
a. Background. As described in
greater detail in Unit IV.E.2. of the
preamble to the 2006 Proposal (Ref. 3),
EPA began looking for an alternative to
dust clearance sampling that would be
quick, inexpensive, reliable, and easy to
perform. EPA believed that a
verification method was needed because
studies have consistently shown that
interior visual clearance resulted in a
high percentage of false negatives, that
is falsely indicating that lead loadings
were below the standards used. This
occurred even when using a clearance
standard of 100 Jig/ft2.
i. Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study.
The Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study
used commercially available disposable
cleaning cloths to determine whether
variations of a "white glove" test could
serve as an effective alternative (Ref.
37). White disposable wet and dry
cleaning cloths were used to wipe
windowsills and wipe floors, then they
were examined to determine whether
dust was visible on the cloth. This
determination was made by visually
comparing the cloth to a photographic
standard that EPA developed to
correlate to a level of contamination that
is at or below the dust-lead hazard
standard in 40 CFR 745.65(b). Cloths
that matched or were lighter than the
photographic standard were considered
to have achieved "white glove." This
series of studies found that on
uncarpeted floors, 91.5% of the surfaces
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21737
that achieved "white glove" using only
dry cloths were confirmed by dust wipe
sampling to be below the dust lead
hazard standard for floors, while 97.3%
of the floors that achieved "white glove"
using only wet cloths were also below
the hazard standard. In addition, 10 of
the 11 floors where "white glove" was
not achieved using dry cloths, and 20 of
the 21 floors where "white glove" was
not achieved using wet cloths, were
nonetheless below the dust lead hazard
standard. There were very few instances
where "white glove" was achieved but
the dust lead level was above the dust
lead hazard standard. Thus, the study
showed that for floors, the white glove
test results were biased towards false
positives. Windowsills were also tested.
For the dry cloth protocol, 96.4% of the
sills that achieved "white glove" were
also confirmed by dust wipe sampling
to be below the dust lead hazard
standard for windowsills, and the one
sill that did not achieve "white glove"
was also below the standard. For the
wet cloth protocol, all of the sills that
achieved "white glove" were also below
the dust lead hazard standard, as were
the four sills that did not reach "white
glove."
Based on the results of the Disposable
Cleaning Cloth Study, the 2006 Proposal
included for interior renovations, as part
of the work practices, a post-renovation
cleaning verification process that would
follow the visual inspection and
cleaning. Cleaning verification would
consist of wiping the interior
windowsills and uncarpeted floors with
wet disposable cleaning cloths and, if
necessary dry disposable cleaning
cloths, and comparing each to a
cleaning verification card developed
and distributed by EPA.
ii. The Dust Study. The Dust Study
(Ref. 17), which is described elsewhere
in this preamble, assessed the proposed
work practices. As one component of
the proposed work practices, the
cleaning verification was evaluated in
the Dust Study. It should be noted that
the Dust Study was not designed
specifically to evaluate the cleaning
verification in isolation of the rest of the
work practices. Unlike the earlier
Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study that
was intended to test the effectiveness of
the use of the "white glove" test in
isolation, the Dust Study was meant to
evaluate the effectiveness of the
proposed work practices, including
cleaning verification. Unlike the earlier
Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study, the
Dust Study involved actual renovations
performed by local renovation
contractors who received instruction in
how to perform cleaning verification
and then were left alone to determine
whether cleaning cloths matched or
were lighter than the cleaning
verification card. In order to maximize
the information collected about cleaning
verification in the Dust Study, cleaning
verification was conducted after each
experiment, not just those experiments
that were being conducted in
accordance with the proposed rule
requirements for containment and
cleaning.
One of the Dust Study conclusions
was that cleaning verification resulted
in decreases in lead levels, but was not
always accurate in identifying the
presence of levels above EPA dust lead
hazard standards for floors and sills.
This refers to the experiments involving
power planing and high temperature
heat guns. An examination of the
cleaning verification data in the study
shows that, if power planing and high
temperature heat gun experiments are
excluded, the values for post-renovation
cleaning verification when the proposed
rule work practices were used were at
or below the regulatory hazard standard
for floors, often significantly below the
regulatory hazard standard. These
results were similar for windowsills.
Excluding power planing and high
temperature heat gun experiments, all of
the post-renovation cleaning verification
windowsill sample averages for
experiments conducted in accordance
with the proposed rule requirements
were below the regulatory dust lead
hazard standard for windowsills. In
addition, 26 of the 30 other experiments
(using only some elements of the
proposed containment and cleaning
requirements) not involving power
planing or high temperature heat guns
had post-renovation cleaning
verification sill sample averages well
below the hazard standards.
b. Cleaning verification as an
alternative to clearance testing. In
determining whether cleaning
verification could be seen as a
qualitative alternative to clearance
testing, EPA considered both the
Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study and
the Dust Study. Even though the
Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study
showed that the cleaning verification
cloths that reached "white glove" were
approximately 91% to 97% likely to be
below the regulatory hazard standard,
EPA believes the greater variability seen
in the Dust Study, particularly in the
experiments where the complete suite of
proposed work practices were not used
does not support the characterization of
cleaning verification as a direct
substitute for clearance testing. Cleaning
verification, when used apart from the
other work practices, is not as reliable
a test for determining whether the
hazard standard has been achieved as
clearance testing. However, the Dust
Study supports the validity of cleaning
verification as an effective component of
the work practices. The cleaning and
feedback aspects of cleaning verification
are important to its contribution to the
effectiveness of the work practices.
c. Final rule requirements. Based on a
review of the Dust Study and the
Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study, EPA
concluded that if the practices
prohibited in this final rule are avoided
and the required work practices are
followed, then cleaning verification is
an effective component of the work
practices. EPA believes that the suite of
work practices as a whole are effective
at addressing the lead-paint dust that is
generated during renovation, repair, and
painting preparation activities.
Therefore, the final rule does not require
dust clearance sampling after any
renovations, nor does it allow the signs
delineating the work area to be removed
based solely on the results of a visual
inspection. The final rule does require
a certified renovator to perform a visual
inspection to determine whether dust,
debris, or residue is still present in the
work area, and, if these conditions exist,
they must be eliminated by re-cleaning
and another visual inspection must be
performed. In addition, the rule requires
that after an interior work area passes
the visual inspection, the cleaning of
each windowsill and uncarpeted floor
within the work area must be verified,
as explained below. After an exterior
work area passes the visual inspection,
the renovation has been properly
completed. In response to one
commenter who was concerned about
the dust that could collect on exterior
windowsills during exterior projects,
the final rule clarifies that the visual
inspection must confirm that no dust,
debris or residue remains on surfaces in
and below the work area, including
windowsills and the ground.
For interior renovations, after the
work area has been cleaned and has
passed a visual inspection, a certified
renovator must wipe each interior
windowsill in the work area with a wet
disposable cleaning cloth and compare
the cloth to a cleaning verification card
developed by EPA. If the cloth matches
or is lighter than the image on the card,
that windowsill has passed the post-
renovation cleaning verification. If the
cloth is darker than the image on the
card, that windowsill must be re-
cleaned in accordance with
§ 745.85(a)(5)(ii)(B) and (C) and the
certified renovator must wipe that
windowsill with a new wet cloth, or the
same one folded so that an unused
surface is exposed, and compare it to
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the cleaning verification card. If the
cloth matches or is lighter than the card,
that windowsill has passed. If not, the
certified renovator must then wait for
one hour after the surface was wiped
with the second wet cleaning
verification cloth or until the surface
has dried, whichever is longer. Then,
the certified renovator must wipe the
windowsill with a dry disposable
cleaning cloth. Based on the Dust Study,
EPA concluded that this process need
not be repeated after the first dry cloth.
At that point, that windowsill has
passed the post-renovation cleaning
verification process. Each windowsill in
the work area must pass the post-
renovation cleaning verification process.
The cleaning verification protocol in
the final rule is similar to what was in
2006 Proposal. By not requiring the
surface to be re-cleaned after the second
wet wipe and by ending the cleaning
verification process after one dry cloth,
this final rule is different from the
Proposal. The 2006 Proposal required
that the dry cloths be used until one
passed verification (i.e., reached "white
glove"). EPA's final rule does not
require more than one dry cloth because
only 3 experiments out of the 60
performed in the Dust Study failed the
second wet cloth. None of these 3
experiments were performed in
accordance with the requirements of
this final rule; all experiments
performed in accordance with the
requirements of this final rule passed
after either the first or second wet cloth.
Based on the Dust Study, it is unlikely
that dust containing lead will remain in
excess of the hazard standard following
two wet and one dry wipes; however
EPA is concerned about the possibility
of requiring potentially indefinite
cleaning by renovation contractors, with
the potential of making them
responsible for cleaning up pre-existing
dirt or grime, whether lead-
contaminated or not.
After the windowsills in the work
area have passed the post-renovation
cleaning verification, a certified
renovator must proceed with the
cleaning verification process for the
floors and countertops in the work area.
A certified renovator must wipe no
more than 40 ft2 of floor or countertop
area at a time with a wet disposable
cleaning cloth. For floors, the renovator
must use an application device
consisting of a long handle and a head
to which a wet disposable cleaning
cloth is attached. If the floor and
countertop surfaces in the work area
exceed 40 ft2, the certified renovator
must divide the surfaces into sections,
each section being no more than 40 ft2,
and perform the post-renovation
cleaning verification on each section
separately. If the wet cloth used to wipe
a particular section of surface matches
or is lighter than the image on the
cleaning verification card, that section
has passed the post-renovation cleaning
verification. If, however, on the first
wiping of a section of the surface, the
wet cloth does not match and is darker
than the image on the cleaning
verification card, the surface of that
section must be re-cleaned in
accordance with § 745.85(a)(5)(ii)(B) and
(C). After re-cleaning, the certified
renovator must wipe that section of the
surface again using a new wet
disposable cleaning cloth. If the second
wet cloth matches or is lighter than the
image on the cleaning verification card,
that section of the floor has passed. If
the second wet cloth does not match
and is darker than the image on the
verification card, the certified renovator
must wait for 1 hour or until the surface
has dried, whichever is longer. Then,
the certified renovator must wipe each
of those 40 ft2 sections of the floor or
countertop surfaces that did not achieve
post-renovation cleaning verification
using the wet cloths with a dry
disposable cleaning cloth. On floors,
this wiping must also be performed
using an application device with a long
handle and a head to which the dry
cloth is attached. At that point, the
floors and countertops have passed the
post-renovation cleaning verification
process and the warning signs may be
removed.
In finalizing the work practices in this
final rule, EPA has taken into
consideration safety, reliability and
effectiveness. EPA has concluded that
these work practices, including cleaning
verification, are an effective and reliable
method for minimizing exposure to
lead-based paint hazards created by the
renovation, both during and after the
renovation.
d. Comments. EPA received many
comments on cleaning verification. The
majority of the comments supported the
use of dust wipe clearance testing and
did not consider cleaning verification as
a suitable substitute. Some of these
commenters supported the use of dust
wipe clearance testing for purposes of
clearance. Some commenters did not
support either dust wipe clearance
testing or cleaning verification; they
contended that visual inspection alone
was sufficient and that dust clearance
testing is too costly. Others questioned
whether cleaning verification had been
demonstrated to be valid, reliable, and
effective in establishing that the work
area had been adequately cleaned or
that the clearance standards were met.
Some contended that the cleaning
verification method showed promise,
but should be subjected to additional
testing, including field trials, to
demonstrate its effectiveness when used
by certified renovators. A minority of
commenters supported the use of
cleaning verification. Some supported
its use rather than dust wipe-clearance
testing and clearance, particularly given
that renovations are not intended to
remove lead-based paint. Some
supported cleaning verification because
it is faster, easier to implement, and less
expensive than clearance testing.
i. Cleaning verification is not a
substitute for clearance testing. Many
commenters contended that cleaning
verification is not a substitute
technology for dust-wipe clearance
testing and should not be used in this
manner. EPA agrees with the
commenters. As discussed in Unit
III.E.S.b., based on a careful
consideration of the Disposable
Cleaning Cloth Study and the Dust
Study, EPA has concluded that, in itself,
cleaning verification should not be used
as a substitute for dust wipe clearance
testing.
ii. Dust clearance testing and
clearance. Many commenters asserted
that the rule should require dust
clearance testing instead of the cleaning
verification. Some further contended
that dust clearance testing is the only
proven method for verifying lead dust
levels. Others supported the use of dust
wipe clearance testing for purposes of
clearance for the renovation. One
commenter noted that even when dust
clearance testing is performed it is not
uncommon for clearance to be
conducted up to three times on a home
to make sure that lead levels are
sufficiently low. Some commenters
suggested that cleaning verification be
used as a screen before dust clearance
testing. Other commenters contended
that dust clearance testing should not be
required because it is expensive and
time consuming and is an obstacle to
completing the renovation job. Other
commenters contended that dust
clearance testing has been done in some
jurisdictions quickly and relatively
inexpensively. A few commenters
contended that EPA should not require
dust clearance testing because there is a
difference between abatement, which is
intended to eliminate lead-based paint
hazards, and renovations in which the
focus should be to not create any new
lead-based paint hazards. Some
commenters asserted that dust clearance
testing should not be required because
this would result in the renovator being
responsible for existing lead-based paint
hazards. One commenter used the
example of a window replacement
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21739
project to illustrate this point. The
commenter argued that, where the floor
in the work area is in poor condition but
outside the scope of the renovation
contract, the window replacement
contractor should not be responsible for
making sure the floor passes a clearance
standard, which may not be possible
without modifying the floor.
EPA disagrees that dust clearance
testing and clearance should be
components of the renovation activities
subject to this final rule. Dust clearance
testing is used in abatement to
determine whether lead-based paint
hazards have been eliminated. This test
is part of a specific process that involves
a specialized work force (e.g., inspector,
risk-assessor), typically removal of
residents, and modifications to the
housing in some instances to eliminate
lead-based hazards (e.g., removing
carpet or refinishing or sealing
uncarpeted floors). Dust clearance
testing is needed to determine if lead-
based paint hazards have been
eliminated and residents can re-occupy
a house and not be exposed to lead-
based paint hazards. As noted by a
commenter, a home may require
clearance testing be conducted up to
three times before the home is
determined to be free of lead-based
paint hazards and it may require that
floors be refinished or that carpets be
replaced.
The Disposal Cleaning Cloth Study
showed that wet wipes can pick up
accumulated grime from floors.
Applying this to the renovation context,
if EPA were to require clearance,
renovators might be held responsible for
cleaning up pre-existing lead dust
hazards that had accumulated in the
grime on the floor.Based on the Dust
Study, EPA has determined that all of
the leaded dust generated by the
renovation will have been cleaned up by
two wet wipes followed by one dry
wipe, where necessary. EPA is
concerned about the possibility of
requiring potentially indefinite cleaning
by renovation contractors, with the
potential of making them responsible for
cleaning up pre-existing dirt or grime,
whether lead-contaminated or not. Even
assuming EPA has authority to require
replacement of carpets and floors under
some circumstances as part of a
renovation project, EPA does not think
as a policy matter that such an approach
in which pre-existing hazards must be
eliminated is appropriate. It could
fundamentally change the scope of a
renovation job. The time and cost of
conducting clearance testing and
achieving clearance is an acceptable
part of the time and cost of conducting
the abatement given the goal of an
abatement, the range of activities that
are inherent in an abatement, and the
activities that are required to be
conducted to achieve clearance. Given
the effectiveness of the work practices
being finalized in this rulemaking,
including the role of cleaning
verification in minimizing exposure to
lead-based paint dust generated during
renovations, dust clearance testing does
not provide the added value to balance
the time and effort and the cost to home
and building owners associated with
requiring this additional step to the
work practices.
As discussed in Unit II.A.6.b., there
are many differences between
renovations and abatements.
Renovations are different from
abatements in intent, implementation,
type of workforce, workforce makeup,
funding, and goal. Renovations are
focused not on eliminating lead-based
paint hazards, but rather on making
repairs or improvements to a building.
The vast majority of abatements are
either done with funding from HUD
and/or a State or local government. In
addition, residents are not typically
present in a residence during an
abatement while they are typically
present in a residence during a
renovation. Thus, the purpose of dust
wipe clearance testing and clearance
would necessarily be different if it were
used in a renovation than in an
abatement. For abatements, clearance
testing and clearance are used to
minimize potential exposure by
eliminating lead-based paint hazards
after completion of the job. Clearance
acts as the means to ensure that
minimization and signal the end of the
job. For renovations, given the presence
of residents, the concern is for potential
exposure both during and after the job.
Dust clearance testing and clearance
would only address the second part of
the exposure equation. Thus, dust
clearance testing conducted after
renovation activities have been
completed would not provide the
equivalent determination of potential
exposure that it does for abatement. EPA
has considered this difference as one
factor in its determination that given the
effectiveness of the work practices being
finalized in this rulemaking, including
the role of cleaning verification in
minimizing exposure to lead-based
paint dust generated during renovations,
dust clearance testing does not provide
the added value to balance the time and
effort and the cost to home and building
owners associated with requiring this
additional step to the work practices.
Although renovators should be
required to address lead-based paint
dust generated by renovation activities,
the Agency is not requiring renovators
to take the actions required under the
abatement rules to achieve clearance for
lead-based paint dust not associated
with the renovation and to address
housing conditions not associated with
the renovation.
EPA agrees that having dust wipe
samples collected by a qualified person
and analyzed by a qualified laboratory
is an effective way to determine the
quantity of lead in dust remaining after
a renovation activity, but it would not
necessarily show that the dust was due
to the specific renovation activity. EPA
also notes that in addition to providing
a numerical value, dust clearance
testing costs more than cleaning
verification and takes longer to produce
results. Results can take from 24 to 48
hours or longer and cleaning, sampling
and analysis may have to be repeated
depending upon the initial results.
During this period, the warning signs
delineating the work area would need to
be maintained to protect occupants and
others from the risk of exposure to lead-
based paint hazards created by the
renovation. Thus, EPA believes that
dust clearance sampling is a poor fit for
renovation work for a variety of reasons,
including the greater expense associated
with clearance testing, the time
necessary to obtain the results of the
testing and the consequent delay in the
completion of the job, and the potential
to expand the scope of the renovation.
EPA believes that dust clearance
testing and clearance are not necessary
given that the Dust Study demonstrates
that cleaning verification, as an effective
component of the work practices,
minimizes exposure to lead-based paint
hazards created by the renovation, both
during and after the renovation. The
cleaning and feedback aspects of
cleaning verification are important to its
contribution to the effectiveness of the
work practices. EPA notes that unlike
dust wipe clearance testing in which a
small part of the work area would be
tested, cleaning verification is
conducted over the whole work area.
Each repetition of the cleaning
verification protocol further cleans the
surface.
The work practices, including
cleaning verification, required by this
final rule are expected to minimize
exposure to any newly created lead-
based paint hazards created by a
renovation by removing newly
deposited dust, while requiring cleanup
of pre-existing hazards only
incidentally, to the extent such cleanup
is unavoidable to address the newly
created hazards. The Dust Study
demonstrates that the cleaning
verification protocol, used in
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conjunction with the other work
practices in this final rule, is effective
and reliable in achieving this result.
While the requirements of this rule
will, in some cases, have the ancillary
benefit of removing some pre-existing
dust-lead hazards, it strikes the proper
balance of addressing the lead-based
paint hazards create during the
renovation but at the same time not
requiring renovators to remediate or
eliminate hazards that are beyond the
scope of the work they were hired to do.
iii. Visual inspection in lieu of
cleaning verification. Some commenters
urged EPA to require only visual
inspection of the work area after the
cleaning following a renovation. They
contend that cleaning verification is not
needed. Some commenters argued that
thorough cleaning in combination with
a requirement that no visible dust or
debris remain is adequate to address the
lead dust created by the renovation
activity. Most of these commenters also
noted that because renovation and
abatement are different that it would be
inappropriate for EPA to impose
additional requirements on renovation
firms beyond visual inspection. Some
commenters contended that the lead
dust from a renovation is usually in the
form of debris such as chips and
splinters that can be seen with the
naked eye, and the presence of this
debris is an indicator to workers that the
job site requires additional cleaning
until no visible debris remains.
One commenter contended that
cleaning after the renovation activity
until the worksite passed a visual
inspection was the most important
determinant of whether a job would
pass a dust clearance test. In support of
this contention, the commenter cited the
Reissman study (Ref. 22). The
commenter contended that the study
demonstrates that when there was no
visible dust and debris present after
completion of renovation or remodeling
activity, there was no added risk of a
child having an elevated blood lead
level as compared to the risk for
children living in homes where there
was no reported renovation or
remodeling work.
Two commenters offered an analysis
of two sets of data collected by an
environmental testing firm. One dataset
consists of post-renovation dust samples
collected in Maryland apartment units;
the other consists of dust samples
collected for risk assessment purposes
in 41 states. No information on
renovation activity is provided for the
second dataset. The commenters argue
that because 96.7% of the Maryland
post-renovation samples and 96.1% of
the other samples were below the
applicable hazard standard for the
surface (floor or windowsill) tested, this
suggests that visual inspection in those
cases was sufficient to ensure that no
dust-lead hazard existed.
One commenter cited the Dust Study
(Ref. 17), the NAHB Lead Safe Work
Practices Survey (Ref. 19), and several
other studies as supporting the
conclusion that lead-safe work practices
and modified lead-safe work practices,
along with a two-step or three-step
cleaning process using a HEPA-
equipped vacuum and wet washing,
greatly reduce dust lead levels and
should be regarded as best management
practices for renovation jobs. The
commenter notes that the NAHB study
found significant reductions in loading
levels after cleanup using HEPA-
equipped vacuum and then either wet
washing or using a wet mopping system.
The commenter argues that if the work
area is cleaned using these practices, it
is appropriate to adopt a visual
clearance standard allowing no visible
dust or debris in the work area at the
conclusion of the job.
Other commenters contended that
visual inspection following cleaning
after a renovation is not a reliable
method for determining whether a lead-
based paint hazard remains after
cleaning. Some commenters cited a
study conducted by the National Center
for Healthy Housing (NCHH) showing
that 67% of the visual inspections that
initially passed failed when checked
more carefully and 54% that eventually
passed a visual inspection were found
to be above the hazard standard.
However, one commenter contended
this was a poorly conducted study.
Another commenter referred to the
study "An Evaluation of the Efficacy of
the Lead Hazard Reduction Treatments
Prescribed in Maryland Environmental
Article 6-8" conducted by NCHH for the
Baltimore City Health Department in
which 53% of housing identified by
visual inspection as being below the
hazard standard was actually above the
hazard standard. Another commenter
argued that NIOSH research indicates
that significant lead contamination may
remain on surfaces that appear clean.
During inter-Agency review?, one
commenter pointed to 2007 studies from
Maryland and Rochester, New York that
they contend show trained workers and
visual inspection for dust and debris
can achieve 85-90% compliance with
the hazard standards following
renovations in previously occupied
housing. Given the lateness of the
submission, EPA did not review? this
information. However, EPA notes that in
a cover letter, the commenter states that
the 2007 Maryland Study was
conducted by workers that had taken a
2day training course, which is more
training than required by this rule. Even
if the studies do demonstrate this
effectiveness by highly trained workers,
EPA does not believe that a 85-90%
effectiveness is sufficiently protective
for residents.
EPA disagrees with those commenters
that contended that a visual inspection
following cleaning after a renovation is
sufficient to ensure the lead-based paint
dust generated by a renovation has been
sufficiently cleaned-up. The weight-of-
the-evidence clearly demonstrates that
visual inspection following cleaning
after a renovation is insufficient at
detecting dust-lead hazards, even at
levels significantly above the regulatory
hazard standards. Further, EPA
disagrees with the implication that
easily visible paint chips and splinters
are necessarily the primary materials
generated during a renovation. EPA
studies, including the Dust Study, show?
that renovation activities generate dust
as well as chips and splinters. Finally,
EPA disagrees with those commenters
who requested the work practices in this
final rule not include any verification
beyond visual inspection. In the Dust
Study, there were 10 renovations
performed in accordance with the 2006
proposed work practices that did not
involve practices prohibited by this
final rule. Of those 10 renovations, 5
needed the additional cleaning
verification step in order to achieve
EPA's regulatory dust-lead hazard
standards for floors. (EPA notes that the
Dust Study Protocol did not explicitly
specify that all dust and debris be
eliminated prior to the cleaning
verification step, only that visible debris
be removed. However, the contractor
running the study for EPA reported that,
in practice, the renovators participating
in the study eliminated all visible dust
and debris as part of their typical
cleaning regimen. Thus, the study
protocol was slightly different from the
rule requirements, which state that the
renovation firm must remove all dust
and debris and conduct a visual
inspection before beginning the cleaning
verification procedure.)
EPA does not believe that the
Reissman, et al. study is supportive of
the contention that visual inspection of
the work area is sufficient because it did
not evaluate the effectiveness of a visual
inspection requirement. The study did
not measure dust lead levels, which are
the basis for this rule. Instead, it
characterized the relationships between
elevated blood lead levels and
renovation dust and debris that spread
throughout the housing. EPA notes that
Reissman, et al. concluded that there
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21741
was a correlation between renovation
activities and elevated blood lead levels.
EPA concluded that the dataset
referenced by one commenter that
consists of dust samples collected for
risk assessment purposes in 41 States is
not informative because there was no
information on renovation activity
collected with these dust samples. With
respect to the Maryland renovation
study,96.7% is an overstatement. The
author who conducted the analysis
stated that:
[W]hen the maximum test values are
examined rather than the mean, 9.8% of the
MD sample and 12.5% of the national sample
of properties with LBP surpassed at least one
of the hazard thresholds of 40 |ig/sf for floors
and 250 |ig/sf for sills. As illustrated in
Exhibit 1, a fairly sizable percentage of the
lead tests exceed the clearance thresholds.
The failure rates are about 20 percent lower
for Maryland than for the national LBP
sample. However, even for Maryland, nearly
one in ten apartments would fail the hazard
test.
Thus, even if these were the only data
available, it would not support the
conclusion that visual clearance is
effective.
After reviewing the NAHB Lead Safe
Work Practices Survey, EPA concluded
that it does not support the contention
that visual inspection is sufficient to
detect whether lead-based paint dust
remains. While EPA agrees that use of
a HEPA-vacuum and wet-washing are
effective at cleaning lead-based paint
dust, this does not support the case for
relying on visual inspection without
subsequent cleaning verification. In the
NAHB study, the levels of lead-based
paint dust that remained after the
renovation activities were sometimes
higher and sometimes lower than at the
start of the renovation, but they were
always at relatively high levels after the
renovation-as high as 11,400 ug/ft2.
In addition, the two studies
conducted by the National Center for
Healthy Housing as noted by
commenters demonstrate that visual
inspection was not effective at
determining the presence of dust-lead
hazards. The study "Evaluation of the
HUD lead-Based Paint Hazard Control
Grant Program" study conducted by
NCHH corroborates these findings.
iv. Carpets and other horizontal
surfaces within the work area. Some
commenters were concerned that
cleaning verification is not intended for
use on carpeted floors. They were not
confident that thorough cleaning was
adequate to address potential lead
hazards that might remain in carpet
after the renovation. One commenter
pointed to studies showing a significant
correlation between dust lead in carpets
and children's blood lead. As cleaning
verification is not required for carpet,
commenters criticized the lack of a
required method for determining that
lead hazards in carpet had been
eliminated. Commenters suggested EPA
require clearance testing for carpeted
rooms in the work area, which some
argued has been demonstrated to be
effective, or rely on the HUD protocol,
which they asserted is widely accepted
and used.
As discussed in detail in Unit IV.E. of
the preamble to the 2006 Proposal, EPA
did not design cleaning verification for
use on carpeted floors. This was based
on EPA's concerns about the validity of
dust wipe sampling on carpeted floors.
EPA noted that the decision to apply the
clearance standard promulgated in the
TSCA section 403 rulemaking to
carpeted floors ultimately had little
consequence, given the context in
which clearance standards are used~to
ensure that lead-based paint hazards
have been eliminated. Typically, during
an abatement, carpets that are in poor
condition or are known to be highly
contaminated are removed and
disposed. EPA further notes that the
HUD Lead-safe Housing Rule only
requires HEPA vacuuming, not steam
cleaning or shampooing.
While an abatement might require the
removal of a lead-contaminated carpet,
EPA has concluded that it is not
appropriate to require carpet removal
following a renovation. Even assuming
EPA has authority to require removal of
carpet following a renovation, this could
significantly expand the cost of a
renovation, and fundamentally expand
the scope of the renovation activity
contracted for by the homeowner or
building owner by requiring removal of
carpets as a result of pre-existing lead
contamination.
Dust Study data on containment and
information on the effectiveness of
HEPA vacuums show that the use of
containment and post-renovation
cleaning with HEPA vacuums to remove
the lead-based paint dust potentially
deposited on the carpets during the
renovation would reliably and
effectively address lead-based paint dust
generated during a renovation. Thus,
rather than rely upon a dust clearance
sample that may not be accurate and
may require the replacement of the
carpet for renovation projects in which
a carpet is present, EPA is finalizing the
work practices which require
containment and the use of a HEPA
vacuum equipped with a beater bar for
cleaning.
In the absence of a practical, effective
way of determining how much lead dust
has been added to a carpet and whether
it has been fully removed, EPA is
adopting a technology-based approach
for carpets that differs from the
approach used for hard-surfaced floors,
by requiring use of a HEPA vacuum
with a beater bar. EPA is not aware of,
and commenters have not identified, a
practicable approach similar to the one
EPA has adopted for floors as a basis to
evaluate the results of the application of
work practice standards to carpets. In
the absence of such an approach, EPA
believes the approach adopted today is
the most effective, reliable approach
available for minimizing potential lead-
based paint hazards in carpets created
by renovations.
One commenter suggested that
cleaning verification be required on
other horizontal surfaces within the
work area, in addition to windowsills
and uncarpeted floors. EPA agrees with
this commenter because the Dust Study
demonstrated that, in nearly all cases,
the cleaning verification step resulted in
lower dust lead levels and, in most
cases, the verification step was needed
in order to achieve cleanup of all of the
leaded dust deposited on the floors by
the renovation. EPA is also concerned
about the possible contamination of
surfaces that are used to prepare, serve,
and consume meals. EPA expects that
movable surfaces, such as tables and
desks, will be moved from the work area
before work begins. Therefore, EPA has
modified the rule to require cleaning
verification on all countertops in the
work area.
v. Reliability of cleaning verification.
EPA received comments prior to the
2007 request for comments on the
proposed work practices in light of the
Dust Study. Those pre-Dust Study
comments are summarized here.
Commenters questioned whether
cleaning verification had been
demonstrated to be valid, reliable,
effective, or efficient in establishing that
the work area had been adequately
cleaned or that the clearance standards
were met. Some commenters contended
that the cleaning verification method
showed promise, but should be
subjected to additional testing,
including field trials, to demonstrate its
effectiveness when used by certified
renovators. Commenters on the 2006
Proposal observed that the cleaning
verification protocol was supported by a
single study that was conducted under
conditions unlike those presented by
the typical renovation. Specifically, a
commenter noted that most of the
housing units studied had undergone
some form of abatement that would
likely have reduced dust levels and the
study used professional inspectors or
other highly trained individuals to
collect the samples according to
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specified protocols. The commenter was
concerned that a renovator with no
experience with sample collection and
little training could replicate the work
of the professionals used in the study.
The commenter pointed out that the
study avoided testing the procedure on
rough surfaces, a condition that will
frequently occur in real world
applications, and used a different set of
wipe protocols than actually utilized by
the EPA in the 2006 Proposal. Another
commenter on the 2006 Proposal noted
that cleaning verification had never
been employed in a real-world practical
setting. In addition, some of these
commenters contended that the cleaning
verification protocol was too
complicated or too confusing to follow.
A number of commenters who
provided comments in response to
EPA's request for comments on the
proposed work practices in light of the
Dust Study quoted the sentence in the
conclusion section of EPA's Dust Study
that states that the cleaning verification
protocol was not always accurate in
identifying the presence of levels above
EPA standards for floors and sills. Some
of these commenters also noted the Dust
Study report's discussion of factors that
affected the effectiveness of cleaning
verification, such as floor condition,
contractor performance, job type, and
dust particle characteristics. One
commenter observed that while all
interior experiments resulted in final
passed cleaning cloths for all floor zones
and for all windowsills, nearly half of
the experiments in the study ended with
average work room floor lead levels
above EPA's dust lead hazard standard
for floors of 40 Jig/ft2. The Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee, while
not asked to comment on the efficacy of
the cleaning verification, contended that
in the Dust Study cleaning verification
did not provide sufficiently reliable
results, leading to an inaccurate
assessment of cleaning efficiency.
EPA disagrees with these
commenters. The Dust Study did
provide a real-world practical setting in
which to assess the use of cleaning
verification. Local renovation
contractors performed actual
renovations for each experiment in the
study. The contractors performed
cleaning verification on floors of wood,
vinyl, or tile, in good, fair, or poor
condition. The Dust Study used the
protocols that were consistent with
those in the 2006 Proposal. While the
Dust Study was not designed
specifically to assess cleaning
verification, it did assess the
effectiveness of cleaning verification
both when it was used as part of the
proposed rule work practices and as a
separate step after the other experiments
which did not follow? all the proposed
work practices. Each experiment
included a cleaning verification step.
The contractors were instructed in how
to perform cleaning verification. They
independently determined whether
particular cloths matched or were
lighter than the cleaning verification
card. In most renovations not involving
the practices that EPA is prohibiting in
this rule, i.e., power planing (power
sanding) and high temperature heat
guns, cleaning verification in
combination with the other work
practices were effective at reducing dust
lead levels on surfaces to or below the
dust lead hazard standards, regardless of
the condition of the floor. Cleaning
verification, as well as the other
components of the work practices being
finalized today were not effective when
high dust generation practices such as
power planing (including power
sanding) and high temperature heat
guns were used. These practices, as well
as torching, are being prohibited in this
rulemaking. Thus, EPA, in its
determination on the effectiveness of
cleaning verification, is focusing on the
results of the experiments in the Dust
Study that did not involve these
prohibited practices.
Of the 10 experiments in which the
proposed rule practices were used and
in which the practices being prohibited
in this final rule were not used, all final
lead-based paint dust levels were at or
below the regulatory hazard standard
(taking into account the accepted level
of uncertainty, i.e., within plus or minus
20%, which is the performance criteria
for the National Lead Laboratory
Accreditation Program). In fact, four
experiments resulted in levels that were
less than 10 |^g/ft2, three resulted in
levels less than 30 |^g/ft2, and three
resulted in levels that were
approximately 40 |^g/ft2 (all were well
within the level of uncertainty for this
value). In four of the experiments, at
least one floor area failed verification on
the first wet disposable cleaning cloth,
all passed on the second wet cloth. In
one of the experiments, a windowsill
failed the first wet cloth, but passed the
second. These results were seen on
floors in a variety of conditions,
including good, fair and poor
conditions. As a general case, in the
other experiments that did not follow all
the proposed work practices, the use of
cleaning verification after cleaning (both
baseline cleaning and cleaning
following the proposed work practices)
reduced, often significantly, the amount
of lead dust remaining.
EPA agrees with commenters that
cleaning verification should not be used
for clearance. However, while cleaning
verification is not clearance testing, as
described above the use of cleaning
verification consistently resulted in
levels of lead-based paint dust at or
below the hazard standard Also, the use
of cleaning verification consistently
resulted in lower levels of lead-based
paint dust than remained after all types
of cleaning studied when only followed
by visual inspection. There is sufficient
consistency in the data to support the
use of cleaning verification as an
effective component of the work
practices being finalized today.
In response to the comment that the
Disposable Cleaning Cloth Study used
professional inspectors or other highly
trained individuals following specified
protocols, EPA intends to include
cleaning verification in its training
course for renovators and will use the
results of the Dust Study and the
Agency's observations on the experience
of the contractors in the study in its
development of this course.
vi. Subjectivity of cleaning
verification. Many commenters objected
to the "white glove" standard as
inherently subjective, and doubted
whether it would be protective. The
commenters were concerned that the
effectiveness of cleaning verification
relies upon a renovation worker's
understanding and application of the
protocol, ability to define the floor
sampling area or areas, and use of the
cleaning verification card to determine
whether a surface has been adequately
cleaned. One commenter contended
that, based on its experience as a sub-
contractor to EPA on the Disposable
Cleaning Cloth Study, making the visual
pass/fail determination can be quite
subjective and open to interpretation.
The commenter believes that it may be
unrealistic to expect that renovation
workers will consistently make the
proper decision using the proposed
verification card. Some commenters
speculated that the renovator's accuracy
in comparing the cleaning cloth to the
verification card could depend on
factors such as the renovator's visual
acuity, the lighting in the room, or
simply differences in judgment among
renovators. Another commenter thought
that the lack of corrections for surface
conditions, the experience of the person
conducting the visual assessment, or
pre-existing conditions might bias the
results of testing.
EPA agrees that visual comparison of
a cleaning cloth to a cleaning
verification card has an element of
subjectivity because the visual
comparison of cloth to card requires
some exercise of judgment on the part
of the person doing the comparing.
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21743
However, this does not necessarily
mean that the comparison is suspect. As
previously stated, the Dust Study
represents a real-world test of the ability
of renovators to learn how to do
cleaning verification and to apply it in
the field. Although one participant in
the Dust Study expressed concern about
the subjectivity of the test, the fact
remains that cleaning verification was
successfully performed by the
renovation contractors in all of the
experiments involving the work
practices being finalized in this final
rule (excluding those involving power
planing (power sanding) and high
temperature heat guns) and was
predictive of whether renovators had
cleaned-up the lead-based paint hazards
created during the renovation activity to
the dust-lead standard, particularly
when the proposed work practices were
used. These cleaning verifications were
conducted by various persons in various
light conditions and on various surface
conditions. Further, EPA notes that
cleaning verification is not simply
qualitative clearance. Unlike the
sampling for dust clearance testing, the
cleaning verification involves a cleaning
component. The act of doing the
cleaning verification has been shown to
lower, often significantly, the dust lead
levels. Finally, in the development of its
training course for contractors, EPA
plans to use its data on the contractors'
use of cleaning verification in the Dust
Study, including their use of the
cleaning verification cards.
vii. Cost of cleaning verification.
Some commenters were concerned that
the cleaning verification protocols are
too impractical, burdensome, or time-
consuming for many contractors to
perform. However, the Dust Study
found that cleaning verification only
took, on average, slightly less than 13
minutes for experiments where the
proposed rule requirements were
followed. EPA's Final Economic
Analysis estimates that the average cost
of cleaning verification ranges from less
than $10 to $30 in residences, and in
public and commercial building COFs it
ranges from less than $10 to less than
$50.
viii. Availability of cleaning
verification card. One commenter asked
about the availability of the cleaning
verification card, specifically, who
would produce them, where would they
be available, and how often do they
need to be replaced. EPA intends to
produce the cleaning verification cards
and to make them available at
accredited renovator training courses
and upon request from the National
Lead Information Center.
ix. Third-parties. Several commenters
argued that a third party should perform
cleaning verification (or visual
inspection, in the case of exterior jobs)
rather than the certified renovator.
Commenters saw a conflict of interest,
since by performing the cleaning
verification the certified renovator is
evaluating the effectiveness of his or her
own work. Some thought the subjective
nature of the method left it open to
misinterpretation or fraud. Commenters
were concerned that given the
competitive pressures of the renovation
industry and lack of independent
oversight, it was not realistic to expect
all renovators to follow the cleaning
verification protocol in good faith.
Others worried that a renovator might
feel pressured to produce a passing
result, perhaps to the point of recording
false results. One commenter stated that
those who would not comply with the
cleaning procedure are unlikely to
comply with cleaning verification.
Again, as described above, EPA
addressed potential conflicts-of-interest
in its lead-based paint program in the
preamble to the final Lead-based Paint
Activities Regulations. That discussion
outlined two reasons for not requiring
that inspections or risk assessments,
abatements, and post-abatement
clearance testing all be performed by
different entities. The first was the cost
savings and convenience of being able
to hire just one firm to perform all
necessary lead-based paint activities.
The second was the potential regional
scarcity of firms to perform the work.
EPA believes that these considerations
may be equally applicable to
renovations, and perhaps more
compelling, given the objective of
keeping this rule simple and relatively
inexpensive. EPA is concerned that a
requirement that contractors engage a
third party for every renovation job will
add undue complication and expense to
home renovations, and that it could
delay completion of renovation jobs.
There are estimated to be 8.4 million
renovation events annually. Moreover,
as stated above, it is not uncommon for
regulated entities to make
determinations relating to their
regulated status. Thus, after weighing
these competing considerations, EPA
has decided to take an approach that is
consistent with the approach taken in
the 402(a) Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulation and not require third party
visual inspections, testing, or cleaning
verification.
x. Relationship between cleaning
verification and the regulatory lead-
based paint hazard standards. Some
commenters contend that cleaning
verification is not protective because it
was designed to pass based on the
regulatory hazard standard for floors.
These commenters contend that this
level is too high to be protective and
that continuing to use this level is
unwarranted given more recent data that
demonstrates that lead causes
neurocognitive effects at levels much
lower than 10 |ig/dL, the current CDC
blood lead level of concern which was
used in establishing the regulatory
hazard standards.
EPA interprets the statutory directive
to take into account safety when
promulgating work practice standards as
meaning that such work practice
standards should be established in
relation to lead-based paint hazardsas
identified pursuant to TSCA section
403. There is no level of lead exposure
that can yet be clearly identified, with
confidence, as clearly not being
associated with potentially increased
risk of deleterious health effects. EPA
does not believe the intent of Congress
was to require elimination of all
possible risk arising from a renovation,
nor is EPA aware of a method that could
reliably and effectively accomplish this.
Given that the hazard standards are the
trigger for regulation under section
402(c)(3) and that they are set through
rulemaking, EPA has concluded that it
makes most sense to use the same
standards as the target level for safe
work practices. Otherwise, the potential
is created for a scheme under which any
renovation activities found not to create
hazards are not regulated at all, whereas
renovation activities found to create
hazards trigger requirements designed to
leave the renovation site cleaner than
the unregulated renovations. Given the
Congressional intent that the section
403 hazard standards apply for purposes
of subchapter IV of TSCA, EPA is
applying them as the target level for safe
work practices, which include the
cleaning verification process, in this
rule.
8. Consistency with HUD. Several
commenters recommended that EPA
adopt HUD's clearance requirement for
activities other than abatement, which
some commenters noted has been
successfully implemented in projects in
federally assisted housing. One pointed
out that renovators have accepted
HUD's clearance testing protocol, and
implementing the "white glove" method
will cause confusion in the industry and
give contractors a reason for not
following lead-safe work practices. A
commenter recommended that EPA
adopt HUD's standard for exterior
clearance of visual inspection of the
work area and a soil test. Commenters
expressed concern that the final rule
could undermine more stringent State
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and local standards, and asked EPA to
make clear that more stringent state and
local requirements for clearance would
apply despite the lack of mandatory
clearance in the final rule.
This final regulation does not
supersede more stringent or different
requirements for interim control
projects or renovations regulated by
HUD, the States, or local jurisdictions.
Renovation firms are still responsible
for complying with all applicable
Federal, State, or local laws when
conducting renovations. In some cases,
this may mean that dust clearance
testing must be performed at the
conclusion of a renovation rather than
cleaning verification. EPA believes that
renovation firms will be able to integrate
these new requirements into their
existing business practices with very
little difficulty.
EPA also notes that the scope of the
housing covered by HUD is different
than the scope covered by this final
rule. As noted by the commenter, HUD
covers activities in projects in federally
assisted housing. The occupancy
patterns, including turn-over, will be
different than in the general population
covered by this final rule. While there
is some overlap, there are substantial
differences. Thus, EPA believes that
total consistency with HUD is not
needed.
9. Optional use of clearance. In the
2006 Proposal, EPA proposed to allow
optional dust clearance sampling at the
completion of renovation activities
instead of the post-renovation cleaning
verification described in § 745.85(b).
Some commenters agreed that the
decision whether to perform clearance
at the conclusion of the job should be
left to the homeowner. One commenter
asked EPA to require that, if a resident
arranged for clearance testing and found
lead hazards, the contractor would have
to re-clean to the resident's satisfaction.
As discussed, dust clearance sampling
and cleaning verification are not
surrogates and EPA is not requiring
renovation firms to perform an
abatement, i.e., eliminate all lead-based
paint hazards, as part of a renovation.
The Dust Study demonstrated that
cleaning verification is quite often
needed to minimize exposure to dust-
lead hazards created during renovations.
EPA is concerned that if dust clearance
sampling were allowed instead of
cleaning verification, without an
accompanying requirement that the
renovation firm re-clean until clearance
is achieved, the rule would actually be
less protective because the surfaces in
the work area could be left less clean
than if cleaning verification were
performed.
In response to these comments, EPA
has further considered the issue and
decided to allow dust clearance
sampling instead of cleaning
verification only in certain limited
situations. EPA agrees with the
commenters that, if the rule were to
allow clearance sampling instead of
verification, EPA would have to require
the renovator to achieve clearance,
otherwise, there would be no check on
whether the renovation had been safely
performed. HUD's Lead Safe Housing
Rule requires clearance to be achieved
in many situations, as do several States.
For example, the State of New Jersey
requires dust clearance sampling and
clearance in certain situations in multi-
unit rental housing. As noted in Unit
III.G. of this preamble, States,
Territories, and Tribes may choose to
have as protective as or more protective
requirements than this final rule. One
example of a more protective
requirement would be a requirement to
perform dust clearance testing and
achieve clearance after renovations.
Another example may be requiring that
trained renovation workers demonstrate
achievement of clearance levels by other
cleaning verification methods, such as
using newer technologies. If a firm can
demonstrate, for example, using data
obtained in the field, that it regularly
meets the clearance standards without
using the EPA specified approach but
rather by using newer technology or
alternative methods, a State may request
that EPA evaluate such a provision as
being as protective as or more protective
than the methods described in this final
rule.
Therefore, in situations where the
contract between the renovation firm
and the property owner or another
regulation, such as HUD's Lead-Safe
Housing Rule or a state regulation,
requires dust clearance sampling by a
properly qualified person and requires
the certified renovator or a worker
under the direction of the certified
renovator to re-clean until clearance is
achieved, EPA will allow the renovation
firm to use both dust clearance testing
and clearance instead of the cleaning
verification step.
Property owners in other situations
may still choose to perform dust testing
at any time, such as after a renovation,
including cleaning verification, has
been completed. EPA recommends that
property owners who choose to have
dust testing performed use certified dust
sampling professionals such as
inspectors, risk assessors, or dust
sampling technicians. EPA also
recommends that property owners who
wish to have dust testing performed
after a renovation reach an agreement
with the renovation firm up front as to
what will happen based on the results
of the dust testing, such as whether
additional cleaning will be performed if
the surfaces do not achieve the
clearance standards in 40 CFR
745.227(e)(8)(viii).
F. Recordkeeping for Renovation Firms
1. Recordkeepinga. Pre-renovation
education. 40 CFR 745.86 already
requires that persons performing
renovations in target housing document
compliance with the lead hazard
information distribution provisions of
the Pre-Renovation Education Rule.
Consistent with the 2006 Proposal, this
final rule deletes existing 40 CFR 745.88
because it contains only sample
acknowledgment statements for the
purpose of documenting compliance
with the information distribution
requirements and is thus unnecessary.
EPA received no comments on this
proposed deletion. In addition, EPA
received no substantive comments on
the sample acknowledgment form
provided with the proposed rule. New
sample acknowledgment forms
incorporating language consistent with
this final rule and reflecting commenter
editorial suggestions are available on
EPA's website at http://www.epa.gov/
lead and from the National Lead
Information Center at l-(800)-424-LEAD
(5323).
In addition, as proposed in the 2006
Proposal, EPA has modified paragraph
(a) of 40 CFR 745.86 to make
compliance with the recordkeeping
requirements the responsibility of the
renovation firm, not the certified
renovator. Although, as discussed
below, this final rule requires the
certified renovator assigned to a
renovation to certify compliance with
the work practice requirements for that
renovation, the renovation firm may
choose to delegate other tasks associated
with recordkeeping requirements to
someone other than a certified
renovator. For example, this rule does
not require a certified renovator to
distribute lead hazard information to
owners and occupants before a
renovation, nor does it require a
certified renovator to obtain the
necessary acknowledgment statements
or certified mail receipts. The
renovation firm may decide that it is
more efficient to have someone other
than the certified renovator perform
these tasks.
As described in Unit III.B.2. of this
preamble, this final rule expands the
information distribution requirements to
renovations in child-occupied facilities.
In proposing this expansion, the 2007
Supplemental Proposal included
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21745
associated recordkeeping requirements
for firms performing renovations in
child-occupied facilities. Although EPA
did receive comments on extending the
information distribution requirements to
child-occupied facilities, none of these
comments specifically addressed the
recordkeeping provisions themselves.
EPA has determined that the
recordkeeping requirements are an
important part of monitoring
compliance with and ensuring the
effectiveness of the information
distribution provisions of this rule.
Therefore, this final rule retains the
existing recordkeeping requirements for
pre-renovation lead hazard information
distribution in target housing and
extends those recordkeeping
requirements to renovations in child-
occupied facilities. Firms performing
renovations in target housing or child-
occupied facilities must obtain and
retain signed and dated
acknowledgements of receipt of the lead
hazard information from building
owners or a certificate of mailing for
such information. In addition,
renovation firms must obtain and retain
signed and dated acknowledgments of
receipt from the occupant (the resident
of the housing unit being renovated or
the proprietor of the child-occupied
facility) or certificates of mailing for
such information, or the firm must
prepare a certification that documents
the attempts made to provide this
information to the occupants. For
renovations in common areas in target
housing, the firm must also document
the steps taken to provide information
to the tenants with access to the
common area being renovated. Finally,
firms performing renovations in child-
occupied facilities must take steps to
provide information to the parents and
guardians of children under age 6 using
the facility. Firms may do this by either
mailing each parent or guardian the lead
hazard information pamphlet and a
general description of the renovation or
by posting informational signs where
parents and guardians are likely to see
them. Informational signs must be
accompanied by a posted copy of the
pamphlet or information on how to
obtain the pamphlet at no charge to
interested parents or guardians. The
firm's activities with respect to parents
and guardians must also be
documented.
b. Documentation of compliance with
other regulatory provisions. This final
rule provides for a number of
exceptions. Unit III. A.3. of this
preamble describes an exception for
renovations in owner-occupied target
housing that is neither the residence of
a child under age 6 or apregnant
woman, nor a child-occupied facility. In
order for a renovation to be eligible for
this exception, the renovation firm must
obtain a signed statement from the
owner of the housing to the effect that
he or she is the owner of the housing to
be renovated, that he or she resides in
the housing to be renovated, that no
child under 6 or no pregnant woman
resides there, that the housing is not a
child-occupied facility, and that the
owner acknowledges that the work
practices to be used during the
renovation will not necessarily include
all of the work practices contained in
EPA's renovation, repair, and painting
rule. Consistent with the 2006 Proposal
and the 2007 Supplemental Proposal,
this final rule requires renovation firms
to maintain this signed statement,
which must include the address of the
housing being renovated, for 3 years
after the completion of the renovation.
Again, although EPA received
comments on the merits of this
exception, no comments were directed
specifically to the recordkeeping
requirement. EPA has determined that
the recordkeeping requirement is
necessary to allow EPA to monitor
compliance with the terms of this
exception.
This final rule also requires firms
performing renovations to retain
documentation of compliance with the
work practices and other requirements
of the rule. Specifically, the firm must
document that a certified renovator was
assigned to the project, that the certified
renovator provided on-the-job training
for workers used on the project, that the
certified renovator performed or
directed workers who performed the
tasks required by this final rule, and that
the certified renovator performed the
post-renovation cleaning verification.
This documentation must include a
copy of the certified renovator's training
certificate. Finally, the documentation
must include a certification by the
certified renovator that the work
practices were followed with narration
as applicable. The certification must
include the specific information listed
in § 745.86(b)(7). The firm must keep
this information for 3 years after the
completion of the renovation.
The 2006 Proposal also included a
requirement that renovation firms
maintain documentation of compliance
with the renovator and worker training
requirements and the work practice
requirements. This documentation
would have had to include signed and
dated descriptions of how activities
performed by the certified renovator
were conducted in compliance with the
proposed requirements. To demonstrate
how these recordkeeping requirements
might be met, EPA prepared and placed
into the docket a draft recordkeeping
checklist.
EPA received many comments on the
substance of these recordkeeping
requirements and on the draft
recordkeeping checklist. Some
commenters thought that the purpose of
the recordkeeping requirement should
be to provide important information to
consumers or to serve as part of the
record of whether a particular structure
was lead-safe. Some, but not all of these
commenters suggested that there was no
need for the renovation firm to retain
the records it prepares. Rather, the
records should be given to the owners
and occupants of the building either
before or after the renovation. However,
as proposed, the recordkeeping
requirement served two purposes. The
first is to allow EPA or an authorized
State to review a renovation firm's
compliance with the substantive
requirements of the regulation through
reviewing the records maintained for all
of the renovation jobs the firm has done.
The second is to remind a renovation
firm what it must do to comply. EPA
envisioned that renovation firms would
use the recordkeeping requirements and
checklist as an aid to make sure that
they have done everything that they are
required to do for a particular
renovation. For these two purposes,
there is no substitute for recordkeeping
by renovation firms.
However, EPA agrees with those
commenters that felt that the
recordkeeping requirements were vague,
particularly in light of the draft
recordkeeping checklist itself and the
amount of time that EPA estimated it
would take a renovation firm to
complete the checklist. Many
commenters said that it was unclear
how much detail EPA would be looking
for in descriptions of how the firm
complied with the various work
practices, and some noted that an
extensive narrative would contribute no
more to compliance or enforcement than
a box checked to indicate that the
requirements had been complied with.
In response to these commenters, EPA
has revised that draft recordkeeping
checklist to be more in the nature of a
checklist, with a certification that the
representations on the form are true and
correct. Narrative information is still
required where necessary, such as an
identification of the brand of test kits
used, the locations where they were
used, and the results. EPA has also
revised the regulatory text to describe
the specific information that must be
provided and the specific items for
which a certification of compliance is
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required. The regulatory text at 40 CFR
745.86(b)(7) now contains a list of work
practice elements that must be certified
as having been performed. In response
to two commenters that suggested that
the only person truly capable of
certifying that the lead-safe work
practices were followed on a particular
job would be the certified renovator
assigned to that job, EPA is requiring the
certification to be completed by the
certified renovator assigned to the
renovation. EPA has determined that a
review of the records maintained by
renovation firms will be an effective
method of determining whether a
particular firm is generally complying
with the regulations or not.
2. Notification to EPA. In the 2006
Proposal, EPA requested comment on,
but did not propose, a requirement that
renovation firms notify EPA before
beginning a covered renovation project.
Most commenters supported a
notification requirement, arguing
notifications would provide information
to EPA about where renovation
activities will be occuring, so EPA could
inspect ongoing renovation projects for
compliance with the requirements of
this rule. These commenters stated that
EPA would be unable to enforce the
requirements of the rule without a
notification provision. Some
commenters also suggested that the act
of informing EPA of their activities
provides a powerful incentive for
renovation firms to comply. Other
commenters observed that prior
notification for every covered
renovation would be too burdensome
for the regulated community and for the
Agency. Some of these commenters
suggested that notifications only be
required for renovations involving high-
risk methods, housing where a child
under age 6 or a pregnant woman
resides, or renovations involving
multiple rooms in a housing unit.
This final rule does not include a
prior notification requirement. EPA
disagrees with the notion that there is
no way to enforce this regulation
without a prior notification
requirement. As stated above in the
discussion on recordkeeping, EPA
believes that a review of a renovation
firm's records will demonstrate whether
or not a renovation firm generally
complies with the regulations. In
addition, as at least one commenter
noted, many renovations require a
building permit from the local
permitting authority. EPA can work
with the local authorities to identify
inspection targets. EPA can also follow
up on tips and complaints.
EPA agrees with those commenters
that believe that prior notification for
every project is simply too burdensome
for the regulated community and for the
Agency. If the streamlined, telephone-
based system recommended by some of
the commenters were implemented, it
would reduce the initial burden on the
renovation firms. However, EPA would
still have to process millions of such
notifications annually, and the
collective burden on renovation firms
and the government would be
considerable. Rather than require
millions of notifications annually, the
great majority of which would never be
reviewed, EPA prefers to use other
methods for targeting renovation
projects for inspections.
An initially attractive option
considered by EPA was a prior
notification requirement for a subset of
covered renovation projects. This option
could potentially reduce the
notifications received to a manageable
level, while preserving the benefits of a
prior notification requirement, but EPA
was unable to develop appropriate
criteria for defining which renovations
would require prior notification. EPA
considered requiring prior notification
for renovations using certain high-risk
practices, the practices prohibited by
the HUD Lead Safe Housing Rule and
EPA's Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations. However, EPA ultimately
decided, as described in Unit III.E.6. of
this preamble, to prohibit most of those
practices for covered renovations.
Requiring prior notifications only for
renovations in housing where a child
under age 6 resides and in child-
occupied facilities would not
significantly reduce the notifications
that would be required. EPA determined
that a prior notification requirement tied
to project size would not be feasible or
effective, because the hazard potential
from a renovation job is a combination
of the size of the project and the activity
being performed.
With regard to the compliance
mindset mentioned by some
commenters, EPA believes that the
recordkeeping requirements are a less
burdensome way to achieve the same
goal. In fact, a prior notification
requirement could lead to EPA targeting
for inspection those persons who are
most likely to be making an effort to
comply with the substantive
requirements of the regulation. The
person who would not bother to comply
with the substantive provisions of this
rule would most likely avoid filing a
prior notification to EPA before
beginning a covered renovation, repair,
or painting project. These persons are
more likely to be performing
renovations in a non-compliant manner
than are persons who have complied
with a prior notification requirement
and told EPA where to find them.
EPA has therefore determined that a
prior notification requirement is not an
effective or efficient means of
facilitating the monitoring of
compliance with this regulation. States,
Territories, and Tribes developing their
own renovation, repair, and painting
programs may come to a different
conclusion. These jurisdictions are free
to establish prior notification schemes
that make sense for their community.
G. State, Territorial, and Tribal
Programs
1. In general. Because of the
enormous number of renovation
activities that occur in this country on
an annual basis, EPA welcomes the help
of its State, Territorial, and Tribal
partners to ensure that these renovations
are performed by trained persons in
accordance with this final rule. This
final rule establishes, in accordance
with TSCA section 404 and EPA's
Policy for the Administration of
Environmental Programs on Indian
Reservations (Ref. 46), requirements for
the authorization of State, Territorial,
and Tribal renovation, repair, and
painting programs. The process for
obtaining authorization to operate these
programs in lieu of the Federal program
is the same process used to authorize
State, Territorial, and Tribal lead-Based
Paint Activity or Pre-Renovation
Education programs found in 40 CFR
part 745, subpart Q.
Interested States, Territories, and
Indian Tribes may apply for, and receive
authorization to, administer and enforce
all of the elements of the new subpart
E, as amended. States, Territories and
Tribes may choose to administer and
enforce just the existing requirements of
subpart E, the pre-renovation education
elements, or all of the requirements of
the proposed subpart E, as amended.
The 2006 Proposal and the 2007
Supplemental Proposal would not have
provided for the authorization of State,
Territorial, or Tribal programs that
include only the training, certification,
accreditation, and work practice
requirements for renovation, repair, and
painting programs and not the pre-
renovation education provisions of
subpart E. EPA proposed this approach
because the Agency believes that the
pre-renovation education provisions are
an integral part of ensuring that
consumers have the information they
need to make informed decisions about
renovation practices in their homes and
other buildings. In addition, consistent
with the proposals, this final rule
encourage renovation firms to use the
existing pamphlet acknowledgment
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21747
process to provide owner-occupants of
target housing with the opportunity to
opt out of the training, certification, and
work practice requirements of the rule
if they reside in the housing to be
renovated, there is no child under age
6 orpregnant woman in residence, the
housing does not otherwise meet the
definition of child-occupied facility,
and the owner acknowledges that the
work practices to be used during the
renovation will not necessarily include
all of the lead-safe work practices
contained in EPA's renovation, repair,
and painting rule.
One State commenter disagreed with
EPA's proposed approach and requested
that EPA authorize State, Territorial or
Tribal programs that incorporate only
the training, certification, accreditation,
and work practices of this final rule
because TSCA section 404 allows states
to administer and enforce the standards,
regulations, or other requirements
established under TSCA section 402 or
TSCA section 406 or both. EPA agrees
with this commenter's reading of TSCA.
Therefore, this final rule provides for
the authorization of State, Territorial, or
Tribal programs that include either the
pre-renovation education requirements
of 40 CFR part 745, subpart E, or the
training, certification, accreditation and
work practice requirements of this rule,
or both.
States, Territories, and Tribes that
wish to administer and enforce the pre-
renovation education provisions of
subpart E, as amended, must include
both target housing and child-occupied
facilities within the scope of their
program. Similarly, States, Territories,
and Tribes that are also interested in
obtaining authorization to administer
and enforce the training, certification,
accreditation, work practice, and
recordkeeping elements of subpart E, as
amended, must include both target
housing and child-occupied facilities
within the scope of their program. States
with existing authorized pre-renovation
education programs are required to
demonstrate that they have modified
their programs to include child-
occupied facilities. These States must
provide this demonstration no later than
the first report submitted pursuant to 40
CFR 745.324(h) on or after April 22,
2009.
2. Process. The authorization process
currently codified at 40 CFR part 745,
subpart Q, will be used for the purpose
of authorizing State, Territorial, and
Tribal renovation, repair, and painting
programs. States, Territories, and Tribes
seeking authority for their programs
must obtain public input, then submit
an application to EPA. Applications
must contain a number of items,
including a description of the State,
Territorial, or Tribal program, copies of
all applicable statutes, regulations, and
standards, and a certification by the
State Attorney General, Tribal Counsel,
or an equivalent official, that the
applicable legislation and regulations
provide adequate legal authority to
administer and enforce the program.
The program description must
demonstrate that the State, Territorial,
or Tribal program is at least as
protective as the Federal program. In
this case, the Federal program consists
of the requirements for training,
certification, and accreditation and the
work practice standards of this final
rule.
One commenter suggested that EPA
require States with a currently
authorized TSCA 402(a) lead-based
paint activities program to submit only
an amended application for
incorporating the TSCA section
402(c)(3) renovation, repair, and
painting program requirements since
many of the required documents would
be the same as those submitted for the
original TSCA 402(a) application.
Furthermore, the commenter
recommended that a letter from the
State agency identified in the original
402(a) authorization application with a
synopsis detailing how the State
proposes to administer and enforce the
renovation, repair, and painting
program serve as an amended
application. EPA has determined that a
new application for authorization for
the renovation, repair, and painting
program is necessary because there may
be a different State agency or consortia
of agencies implementing and enforcing
this program, a long time may have
elapsed since most States submitted
their TSCA section 402(a) program
application, and many of the
requirements within the elements of the
renovation, repair, and painting
program differ from their counterparts
in the lead-based paint activities
program.
To be eligible for authorization to
administer and enforce the training,
certification, accreditation, and work
practice requirements of this final rule,
State, Territorial, and Tribal renovation
programs must contain certain
minimum elements, e.g., work practice
standards and procedures and
requirements for the certification of
individuals and/or firms, that are very
similar to the existing minimum
elements specified in 40 CFR 745.326(a)
for lead-based paint activities programs.
In order to be authorized, State,
Territorial, or Tribal programs must
have procedures and requirements for
the accreditation of training programs,
which can be as simple as procedures
for accepting training provided by an
EPA-accredited provider, or a provider
accredited by another authorized State,
Territorial, or Tribal program.
Procedures and requirements for the
certification of renovators are also
necessary. At a minimum, these must
include a requirement that certified
renovators have taken accredited
training, and procedures and
requirements for re-certification. State,
Territorial, and Tribal programs
applying for authorization must also
include work practice standards for
renovations that ensure that renovations
are conducted only by certified
renovation firms and the renovations are
conducted using work practices at least
as protective as those of the Federal
program. As is the current practice with
lead-based paint activities, EPA will not
require State, Territorial, or Tribal
programs to certify both firms and
individuals that perform renovations.
States, Territories and Tribes may
choose to certify either firms or
individuals, so long as the individuals
that perform the duties of renovators are
required to take accredited training.
3. Implementation. In order to provide
interested States, Territories and Tribes
time to develop, or begin developing
renovation, repair, and painting
programs in accordance with this rule,
EPA will not begin to actively
implement the Federal program until
April 22, 2009, at which time EPA will
begin accepting applications for training
program accreditation. Several
commenters thought 1 year would be
adequate for the purpose of allowing
States, Territories, and Tribes to develop
their own programs, while others
expressed concern that 1 year would not
be enough time to get these programs
developed and authorized. Most
commenters who expressed an opinion
on this topic generally agreed that an
implementation delay is necessary.
Reasons given in support of a delay
were conservation of State financial and
administrative resources and the fact
that some States have had difficulties in
retraining contractors to new State-
specific requirements after the
contractors had become accustomed to
working under the Federal program. In
contrast, some commenters argued that,
in light of the 2010 goal, no delay
whatsoever was warranted. This final
rule retains the 1 year implementation
delay set forth in the 2006 Proposal.
EPA has determined that this period of
time represents an appropriate balance
between the need to implement this rule
quickly and concerns over potential
duplication of effort and additional
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Federal Register/Vol. 73, No. 78/Tuesday, April 22, 2008/Rules and Regulations
costs incurred by the regulated
community if EPA begins accrediting
training providers and certifying firms
in jurisdictions that are also working
towards implementing their own
programs. States, Territories, and Tribes
may begin the authorization process at
any time after the effective date of this
final rule, even after the Federal
program has been implemented in their
jurisdiction.
Some commenters were concerned
about the effect of this rule on existing
State programs. Several commenters
asked EPA to expressly state that this
rule does not pre-empt existing State
programs and that State programs that
are more stringent than the Federal
program will be eligible for
authorization. One commenter noted
that the number of houses with lead
contaminated paint is
disproportionately distributed
throughout the U.S. This commenter
pointed out that this apparent disparity
supports the need for State control of
lead programs and for EPA to practice
"regulatory restraint." According to this
commenter, this "regulatory restraint"
will allow States with more severe lead
paint problems to impose stricter
standards and requirements regarding
certification and work practices without
imposing unnecessary burdens on States
with less severe problems.
This final rule does not preempt
existing programs that address
renovations. However, to the extent that
these programs are less protective than
the requirements of this final rule, the
requirements of this final rule will
apply. To be eligible for authorization,
State, Territorial, and Tribal programs
need not exactly duplicate the Federal
program contained in this final rule, but
they must still meet the requirement of
TSCA section 404 that they be "at least
as protective as" the Federal program. It
would be difficult for the Agency to
describe specific requirements that
would make a program more or less
"protective." EPA will review each
program application separately against
the protections provided by this final
rule.
Several commenters expressed
concern regarding the uniformity and
consistency of State programs. Some
recommended that EPA take States'
concerns into account, but guarantee
uniformity of State programs by
prohibiting States from arbitrarily
deviating from program elements.
Others noted that if there are uniform
regulations for approved training
courses for State certification, there
should be reciprocity between States
since many people work in multiple
States. One commenter suggested that,
in an effort to promote consistency,
States institute a lead-safety test that
renovators must pass prior to receiving
permits to conduct work. Several
commenters noted that a lack of
reciprocity between States and/or
duplicative or divergent certification
requirements will add an unnecessary
burden and level of complexity for
renovation and remodeling firms,
especially those working in multi-State
areas. One commenter argued that this
could lead to a problem in maintaining
certifications similar to the problem the
commenter believes exists in
maintaining lead-based paint inspector,
risk assessor, and other certifications
associated with TSCA section 402
abatements. One suggested that EPA
should exert control over the right to
refuse approval of State programs unless
they provide for reciprocity with the
Federal program and programs of other
jurisdictions approved by EPA.
The standard of EPA review? for State,
Territorial, and Tribal programs under
TSCA section 404 is that they be "at
least as protective" as the Federal
program. In addition, TSCA section 404
(e) reserves the right of States and their
political subdivisions to impose
requirements that are more stringent
than the Federal program. EPA
interprets this to mean that EPA cannot
compel States, Territories, and Tribes to
adopt programs identical to the Federal
program or to establish reciprocity
provisions. However, EPA continues to
encourage States, Territories, and Tribes
that may be considering establishing
their own renovation programs to keep
reciprocity in mind as they move
forward. The benefits to be derived from
reciprocity arrangements with the
Federal program and other authorized
jurisdictions include potential cost-
savings from reducing duplicative
activity and the development of a
professional renovation workforce more
quickly, thus providing maximum
flexibility to State, Territorial, or Tribal
residents. In addition, the Agency
encourages States, Territories and Tribes
to consider the use of existing
certification and accreditation
procedures as they develop their
programs. These existing programs need
not be limited to lead-based paint. For
example, a State may choose to add
lead-safe renovation requirements to
their existing contractor licensing
programs.
H. Effective Date and Implementation
Dates
This final rule is effective on June 23,
2008. This final rule will be
implemented according to the following
schedule:
1. As of June 23, 2008.
a. States, Territories, and Tribes may
begin applying for authorization to
administer and enforce their own
renovation, repair, and painting
programs. EPA will begin authorizing
States, Territories, and Tribes as soon as
it receives their complete applications.
b. No training program may provide,
offer, or claim to provide training or
refresher training for EPA certification
as a renovator or a dust sampling
technician without accreditation from
EPA under 40 CFR 745.225.
2. As of April 22, 2009. Training
programs for renovators or dust
sampling technicians may begin
applying for accreditation under 40 CFR
745.225. EPA will begin accrediting
training programs as soon as it receives
complete applications from training
providers. Individuals who wish to
become certified renovators or dust
sampling technicians may begin taking
accredited training as soon as it is
available.
3. As of October 22, 2009. Renovation
firms may begin applying for
certification under 40 CFR 745.89. EPA
will begin certifying renovation firms as
soon as it receives their complete
applications.
4. As of April 22, 2010. The rule will
be fully implemented.
a. No firm may perform, offer, or
claim to perform renovations without
certification from EPA under 40 CFR
745.89 in target housing or child-
occupied facilities, unless, in the case of
owner-occupied target housing, the firm
has obtained a statement signed by the
owner that the renovation will occur in
the owner's residence, no child under
age 6 resides there, the housing is not
a child-occupied facility, and the owner
acknowledges that the work practices to
be used during the renovation will not
necessarily include all of the lead-safe
work practices contained in EPA's
renovation, repair, and painting rule.
b. All renovations must be directed by
renovators certified in accordance with
40 CFR 745.90(a) and performed by
certified renovators or individuals
trained in accordance with 40 CFR
745.90(b)(2) in target housing or child-
occupied facilities, unless, in the case of
owner-occupied target housing, the firm
performing the renovation has obtained
a statement signed by the owner that the
renovation will occur in the owner's
residence, no child under age 6 resides
there, the housing is not a child-
occupied facility, and the owner
acknowledges that the work practices to
be used during the renovation will not
necessarily include all of the lead-safe
work practices contained in EPA's
renovation, repair, and painting rule.
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21749
c. All renovations must be performed
in accordance with the work practice
standards in 40 CFR 745.85 and the
associated recordkeeping requirements
in 40 CFR 745.86(b)(6) and (b)(7) in
target housing or child-occupied
facilities, unless, in the case of owner-
occupied target housing, the firm
performing the renovation has obtained
a statement signed by the owner that the
renovation will occur in the owner's
residence, no child under age 6 resides
there, the housing is not a child-
occupied facility, and the owner
acknowledges that the work practices to
be used during the renovation will not
necessarily include all of the lead-safe
work practices contained in EPA's
renovation, repair, and painting rule.
With respect to the new renovation-
specific pamphlet and the requirements
of the Pre-Renovation Education Rule,
as of the effective date of the rule lune
23, 2008, renovators or renovation firms
performing renovations in States and
Indian Tribal areas without an
authorized Pre-Renovation Education
Rule program may provide owners and
occupants with either of the following
EPA pamphlets: Protect Your Family
From Lead in Your Home; or Renovate
Right: Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families, Child Care
Providers and Schools. As of December
22, 2008, Renovate Right: Important
Lead Hazard Information for Families,
Child Care Providers and Schools must
be used exclusively.
IV. References
The following is a list of the
documents that are specifically
referenced in this final rule and placed
in the public docket that was
established under Docket ID number
EPA-HQ-OPPT-2005-0049. For
information on accessing the docket,
refer to the ADDRESSES unit at the
beginning of this document.
1. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA). Air Quality Criteria
for Lead (September 29, 2006).
2. President's Task Force on
Environmental Health Risks and Safety
Risks to Children. Eliminating
Childhood Lead Poisoning: A Federal
Strategy Targeting Lead Paint Hazards
(February 2000).
3. USEPA. Lead; Renovation, Repair,
and Painting Program; Proposed Rule.
Federal Register (71 FR 1588, lanuary
10, 2006).
4. USEPA. Lead; Requirements for
Lead-based Paint Activities; Final Rule.
Federal Register (61 FR 45778, August
29, 1996).
5. USEPA. Lead; Fees for
Accreditation of Training Programs and
Certification of Lead-based Paint
Activities Contractors; Final Rule.
Federal Register (64 FR 31091, lune 9,
1999).
6. USEPA. Lead; Notification
Requirements for Lead-Based Paint
Abatement Activities and Training;
Final Rule. Federal Register (69 FR
18489, April 8, 2004).
7. USEPA, Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC), U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development
(HUD). Protect Your Family From Lead
in Your Home (EPA 747-K-99-001, lune
2003).
8. USEPA. Lead; Requirements for
Hazard Education Before Renovation of
Target Housing; Final Rule. Federal
Register (63 FR 29907, lune 1, 1998).
9. USEPA. Lead; Identification of
Dangerous Levels of Lead; Final Rule.
Federal Register (66 FR 1206, lanuary 5,
2001).
10. USEPA. Reducing Lead Hazards
When Remodeling Your Home (EPA747-
K-97-001, September 1997).
11. USEPA. Lead Exposure Associated
With Renovation and Remodeling
Activities: Phase I, Environmental Field
Sampling Study (EPA 747-R-96-007,
May 1997).
12. USEPA. Lead Exposure Associated
With Renovation and Remodeling
Activities: Phase II, Worker
Characterization and Blood-Lead Study
(EPA 747-R-96-006, May 1997).
13. USEPA. Lead Exposure Associated
With Renovation and Remodeling
Activities: Phase III, Wisconsin
Childhood Blood-Lead Study (EPA 747-
R-99-002, March 1999).
14. USEPA. Lead Exposure Associated
With Renovation and Remodeling
Activities: Phase IV, Worker
Characterization and Blood-Lead Study
of R&R Workers Who Specialize in
Renovation of Old or Historic Homes
(EPA 747-R-99-001, March 1999).
15. USEPA. Lead; Renovation, Repair,
and Painting Program; Supplemental
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Federal
Register (72 FR 31022, lune 5, 2007).
16. USEPA. Lead; Renovation, Repair,
and Painting Program; Notice of
Availability. Federal Register (72 FR
12582, March 16, 2007).
17. USEPA. Characterization of Dust
Lead Levels After Renovation, Repair,
And Painting Activities. (November 13,
2007).
18. USEPA. Lead Safety for
Remodeling, Repair, And Painting, loint
EPA/HUD Renovation Training
Curriculum (EPA 747-B-03-001/2, luly
2003).
19. National Association of Home
Builders (NAHB). Lead Safe Work
Practices Survey Project Report.
Prepared by Atrium Environmental
Health and Safety Services (November
9, 2006).
20. McMillan Associates. Response to
SBREFA Panel Recommendations for
Further Analysis of Existing Phase III
Data (August 6, 2001).
21. U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS), U.S. Public
Health Service (PHS), CDC. Children
with Elevated Blood Lead Levels
Attributed to Home Renovation and
Remolding Activities-New York, 1993-
1994. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report (45(51); 1120-1123, lanuary 3,
1997).
22. Reissman, Dori B., Thomas D.
Matte, Karen L. Gurnite, Rachel B.
Kaufmann, and lessica Leighton. "Is
Home Renovation or Repair a Risk
Factor for Exposure to Lead Among
Children Residing in New York City?"
lournal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the
New York Academy of Medicine. Vol.
79, No. 4, 502-511, (December 2005).
23. USEPA. Lead; Requirements for
Lead-based Paint Activities; Proposed
Rule. Federal Register (59 FR 45872,
September 2, 1994).
24. USEPA. Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics (OPPT)
"Economic Analysis for the TSCA Lead
Renovation, Repair, and Painting
Program Final Rule for Target Housing
and Child-Occupied Facilities" (March
2008).
25. S. Rep. 102-332, P.L. 102-550,
Housing and Community Development
Act of 1992 Quly 23, 1992).
26. National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST). Spot Test Kits
for Detecting Lead in Household Paint,
a Laboratory Evaluation (NISTIR 6398,
May 2000).
27. HUD. National Survey of Lead and
Allergens in Housing, Volume I:
Analysis of Lead Hazards, Final Report,
Revision 7.1. (October 31, 2002).
28. ASTM International. Standard
Practice for Evaluating the Performance
Characteristics of Qualitative Chemical
Spot Test Kits for Lead in Paint (E 1828-
01).
29. USEPA. Lead-Based Paint Pre-
Renovation Education Rule; Interpretive
Guidance, Part I (May 28, 1999).
30. USEPA and HUD. Lead;
Requirements for Disclosure of
Information Concerning Lead-Based
Paint in Housing; Final Rule. Federal
Register (61 FR 9064, March 6, 1996).
31. USEPA, HUD. Renovate Right:
Important Lead Hazard Information for
Families, Child Care Providers and
Schools. (March 2008).
32. USEPA. Lead-Based Paint Pre-
Renovation Education Rule; Interpretive
Guidance, Part II (October 15, 1999).
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33. USEPA. Lead Sampling
Technician Course (EPA 747-B-00-002,
July 2000).
34. HUD. Guidelines for the
Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based
Paint Hazards in Housing (June 1995).
35. USEPA. Lead Dust Minimization
Work Practices for Renovation,
Remodeling and Repainting; Draft
Technical Manual (September 29, 1998).
36. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH). Health Hazard Evaluation;
Rhode Island Department of Health;
HETA 96-0200-2799 (June 2000).
37. USEPA. Electrostatic Cloth and
Wet Cloth Field Study in Residential
Housing (September 2005).
38. United States Department of
Energy. Office of Health, Safety and
Security, http://www.hss.energy.gov/
csa/csp/hepa.
39. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), Department of
Labor (DDL). Regulatory Flexibility Act
Review of the Occupational Safety
Standard for Lead in Construction Labor
(72 FR 54826, September 27, 2007).
40. Rich, David Q. George G. Rhoads,
Lih-Ming Yiin, Junfeng Zhang, Zhipeng
Bai, John L. Adgate, Peter J. Ashley, and
Paul J. Lioy. "Comparison of Home Lead
Dust Reduction Techniques on Hard
Surfaces: the New Jersey Assessment of
Cleaning Techniques Trial."
Environmental Health Perspectives
110(9): 889-893 (September 2002).
41. HUD. Evaluation of Household
Vacuum Cleaners in the Removal of
Settled Lead Dust from Hard Surface
Floors. (December 27, 2002, revised
February 2006).
42. Lih-Ming Yiin, George G. Rhoads,
David Q. Rich, Junfeng Zhang, Zhipeng
Bai, John L. Adgate, Peter J. Ashley, and
Paul J. Lioy. "Comparison of
Techniques to Reduce Residential Lead
Dust on Carpet and Upholstery: the New
Jersey Assessment of Cleaning
Techniques Trial." Environmental
Health Perspectives 110(12): 1233-1237.
(December 2002).
43. Canadian Mortgage and Housing
Corporation (CMHC). "Effectiveness of
Clean up Techniques for Leaded Paint
Dust." (1992).
44. USEPA. A Comparison of Post-
Renovation and Remodeling Surface
Cleaning Techniques. Prepared by
Clemson Environmental Technologies
Laboratory (December 14, 2001)
45. CMHC. "Evaluation of the
Cleanup of Lead Paint Dust In Houses."
Prepared by Pinchin Environmental
Consultants (1995).
46. USEPA. EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental
Programs on Indian Reservations
(November 8, 1984).
47. USEPA. ICR Final Rule
Addendum for rulemaking entitled
"Lead; Renovation, Repair, and Painting
Program; Final Rule" (March 2008).
48 USEPA. Report of the Small
Business Advocacy Review? Panel on the
Lead-based Paint Certification and
Training; Renovation and Remodeling
Requirements (March 3, 2000).
49. Final Regulatory Flexibility
Analysis for the Lead; Renovation,
Repair, and Painting Program; Final
Rule (March 2008).
50. ASTM International. Standard
Practice for Clearance Examinations
Following Lead Hazard Reduction
Activities in Single-Family Dwellings
and Child-Occupied Facilities (E 2271-
05).
51. ASTM International. Standard
Guide for Evaluation, Management, and
Control of Lead Hazards in Facilities (E
2052-99).
V. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866,
entitled Regulatory Planning and
Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993),
it has been determined that this rule is
a "significant regulatory action" under
section 3(f)(l) of the Executive Order
because EPA estimates that it will have
an annual effect on the economy of $100
million or more. Accordingly, this
action was submitted to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) for
review under Executive Order 12866
and any changes made based on OMB
recommendations have been
documented in the public docket for
this rulemaking as required by section
6(a)(3)(E) of the Executive Order.
In addition, EPA has prepared an
analysis of the potential costs and
benefits associated with this
rulemaking. This analysis is contained
in the Economic Analysis (Ref. 24),
which is available in the docket for this
action and is briefly summarized here.
1. Types of facilities. This rule applies
to an estimated 37.8 million pre-1978
facilities. Of these, approximately 37.7
million facilities are located in target
housing, either in rental housing,
owner-occupied housing where a child
under age 6 resides, or owner-occupied
housing where no child under age 6
resides but that otherwise meets the
definition of a child-occupied facility.
Approximately 100,000 facilities are
child-occupied facilities in pre-1978
public or commercial buildings.
2. Options evaluated. EPA considered
a variety of options for addressing the
risks presented by renovation, repair,
and painting actions where lead-based
paint is present. The Economic Analysis
analyzed several different options for
the scope of the rule, which would limit
the coverage of the rule's substantive
provisions depending on when the
facility was built (such as pre-1960 or
pre-1978), and whether or not there are
children under the age of 6 or a
pregnant woman residing in owner-
occupied housing. In some options,
coverage of the rule was phased in over
time. EPA also considered different
options for work practices, such as
containment, cleaning, and cleaning
verification.
3. Number of events and individuals
affected. In the first year that all of the
rule requirements will be in effect, there
will be an estimated 8.4 million
renovation, repair, and painting events
where lead-safe work practices will be
used due to the rule. As a result, there
will be approximately 1.4 million
children under the age of 6 who will be
affected by having their exposure to lead
dust minimized due to the rule. There
will also be about 5.4 million adults
who will be affected. After improved
test kits for determining whether a
painted surface contains lead-based
paint become available (which is
assumed in the analysis to occur by the
second year of the rule), the number of
renovation, repair, and painting events
using lead-safe work practices is
expected to drop to 4.4 million events
per year. No change in the number of
exposures avoided due to the rule is
expected because the improved test kit
will more accurately identify paint
without lead, thus reducing the number
of events unnecessarily using the
required work practices.
4. Benefits. The Economic Analysis
describes the estimated benefits of the
rulemaking in qualitative and
quantitative terms. Benefits result from
the prevention of adverse health effects
attributable to lead exposure. These
health effects include impaired
cognitive function in children and
several illnesses in children and adults.
EPA estimated the benefits of avoided
incidence of IQ loss due to reduced lead
exposure to children under the age of 6.
There are not sufficient data at this time
to develop dose-response functions for
other health effects in children or for
pregnant women. The benefits of
avoided exposure to adults were not
quantified due to uncertainties about
the exposure of adults to lead in dust
from renovation, repair, and painting
activities in these facilities.
The rule is estimated to result in
quantified benefits of approximately
$700 million to $1,700 million in the
first year. The 50-year annualized
benefits provide a measure of the
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21751
steady-state benefits. The quantified IQ
benefits to children are expected to be
approximately $700 million to $1,700
million per year when annualized using
a 3% discount rate, and $700 million to
$1,800 million per year when using a
7% discount rate. The estimated
benefits for the other scope options
range from approximately $300 million
to $1,700 million using a 3% discount
rate and from $300 million to $1,800
million using a 7% discount rate. The
benefits from prohibiting certain paint
preparation and removal practices in
renovations requiring lead-safe work
practices under the rule are estimated to
be $400 million to $900 million per year
using a 3% discount rate. There are
additional unquantified benefits,
including other avoided health effects in
children and adults.
5. Costs. The Economic Analysis
estimates the costs of complying with
the rule. Costs may be incurred by
contractors that perform renovation,
repair, and painting work for
compensation, landlords that use their
own staff to perform renovation, repair,
and painting work in leased buildings;
and child-occupied facilities that use
their own staff to perform renovation,
repair, and painting work.
The rule is estimated to result in a
total cost of approximately $800 million
in the first year that all of the rule
requirements will be in effect. The cost
is estimated to drop to approximately
$400 million per year in the second year
when the improved test kits are
assumed to become available. The 50-
year annualized costs provide a measure
of the steady-state cost. Annualized
costs of the rule are estimated to be
approximately $400 million per year
using either a 3% discount rate or a 7%
discount rate. Annualized costs for the
other scope options range from
approximately $300 million to
approximately $700 million per year
using a 3% discount rate and $400
million to $700 million per year using
a 7% discount rate. The cost of
prohibiting certain paint preparation
and removal practices is estimated to
cost less than $10 million per year using
either a 3% or a 7% discount rate
6. Net benefits. Net benefits are the
difference between benefits and costs.
The rule is estimated to result in net
benefits of-$50 million to $1,000
million in the first year, based on
children's IQ benefits alone. The 50-
year annualized net benefits for the rule
based on children's benefits are
estimated to be $300 million to $1,300
million per year using either a 3% or a
7% discount rate. The annualized net
benefits for the other scope options
range from approximately-$50 million
to $1,300 million per year using either
a 3% or a 7% discount rate. The net
benefits of prohibiting certain paint
preparation and removal practices for
renovations requiring lead-safe work
practices are estimated to be
approximately $400 million to $900
million per year using either a 3% or a
7% discount rate. There are additional
unquantified benefits, including other
avoided health effects in children and
adults that are not included in the net
benefits estimates.
It is important to note that the EPA
analysis generates certain results that
seem to indicate that more stringent
control options yield smaller
improvements reducing the risks of
elevated blood lead levels in children
than do less stringent control options.
For example, the analysis estimates that
using only containment of dust and
debris generated during a RRP activity
yields higher benefits than using all of
the rule's work practices (containment,
specialized cleaning, and cleaning
verification). This is the opposite of
what one might expect and of what is
observed in the Dust Study for the 10
experiments that used the proposed rule
cleaning and containment, since the
benefits analysis implies that the
combination of rule-style containment
with rule-style cleaning and verification
would result in more exposure than
when such containment is combined
with conventional cleaning. This is
inconsistent with the Dust Study which
shows that the largest decreases were
observed in the 10 experiments where
this final rule's practices of
containment, specialized cleaning, and
cleaning verification were used.
Therefore, the anomalous results are
likely to be artifacts of sparse
underlying data and modeling
assumptions. Although EPA
summarizes some of the potential
causes of these unexpected results in
the Economic Analysis, at this time EPA
is unclear as to precisely what is leading
to these unexpected results. Because
EPA has not determined why the
benefits analyses contain anomalous
results, EPA has limited confidence in
the estimated benefits. EPA does not
view the results as being sufficiently
robust to represent the difference in
magnitude of the benefits across
regulatory alternatives. Nevertheless,
EPA is confident that there are positive
benefits.
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection
requirements contained in this rule have
been submitted for approval to the
Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction
Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An
Information Collection Request (ICR)
document prepared by EPA, an
amendment to an existing ICR and
referred to as the ICR Final Rule
Addendum (EPA ICR No. 1715.10, OMB
Control Number 2070-0155) has been
placed in the public docket for this rule
(Ref. 47). The information collection
requirements are not enforceable until
OMB approves them.
The new information collection
activities contained in this rule are
designed to assist the Agency in meeting
the core objectives of TSCA section 402,
including ensuring the integrity of
accreditation programs for training
providers, providing for the certification
of renovators, and determining whether
work practice standards are being
followed. EPA has carefully tailored the
recordkeeping requirements so they will
permit the Agency to achieve statutory
objectives without imposing an undue
burden on those firms that choose to be
involved in renovation, repair, and
painting activities.
Burden under the Paperwork
Reduction Act means the total time,
effort, or financial resources expended
by persons to generate, maintain, retain,
disclose or provide information to or for
a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review? instructions; develop,
acquire, install, and utilize technology
and systems for the purposes of
collecting, validating, and verifying
information, processing and
maintaining information, and disclosing
and providing information; adjust the
existing ways to comply with any
previously applicable instructions and
requirements; train personnel to be able
to respond to a collection of
information; search data sources;
complete and review the collection of
information; and transmit or otherwise
disclose the information.
Under this rule, the new information
collection requirements may affect
training providers and firms that
perform renovation, repair, or painting
for compensation. Although these firms
have the option of choosing to engage in
the covered activities, once a firm
chooses to do so, the information
collection activities contained in this
rule become mandatory for that firm.
The ICR document provides a detailed
presentation of the estimated burden
and costs for 3 years of the program. The
aggregate burden varies by year due to
changes in the number of firms that will
seek certification each year. The burden
and cost to training providers and firms
engaged in renovation, repair, and
painting activities is summarized below.
It is estimated that approximately 170
training providers will incur burden to
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notify EPA (or an authorizing State,
Tribe, or Territory) before and after
training courses. The average burden for
training provider notifications is
estimated at 20 to 100 hours per year,
depending on the number of training
courses provided. Total training
provider burden is estimated to average
9,000 hours per year. There are
approximately 211,000 firms estimated
to become certified to engage in
renovation, repair, or painting activities.
The average certification burden is
estimated to be 3.5 hours per firm in the
year a firm is initially certified, and 0.5
hours in years that it is re-certified
(which occurs every 5 years). Firms
must also distribute lead hazard
information to the owners and
occupants of public or commercial
buildings that contain child-occupied
facilities and in target housing
containing child-occupied facilities.
Finally, firms must keep records of the
work they perform; this recordkeeping
is estimated to average approximately 5
hours per year per firm. Total burden for
these certified firms is estimated to
average 1,373,000 hours per year. Total
respondent burden during the period
covered by the ICR is estimated to
average approximately 1,382,000 hours
per year.
There are also government costs to
administer the program. States, Tribes,
and Territories are allowed, but are
under no obligation, to apply for and
receive authorization to administer
these requirements. EPA will directly
administer programs for States, Tribes,
and Territories that do not become
authorized. Because the number of
States, Tribes, and Territories that will
become authorized is not known,
administrative costs are estimated
assuming that EPA will administer the
program everywhere. To the extent that
other government entities become
authorized, EPA's administrative costs
will be lower.
An agency may not conduct or
sponsor, and a person is not required to
respond to a collection of information
unless it displays a currently valid OMB
control number. The OMB control
numbers for EPA's regulations codified
in Chapter 40 of the CFR, after
appearing in the preamble of the final
rule, are listed in 40 CFR part 9, are
displayed either by publication in the
Federal Register or by other appropriate
means, such as on the related collection
instrument or form, if applicable. When
this ICR is approved by OMB, the
Agency will publish a technical
amendment to 40 CFR part 9 in the
Federal Register to display the OMB
control number for the approved
information collection requirements
contained in this final rule.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
generally requires an agency to prepare
a regulatory flexibility analysis of any
rule subject to notice and comment
rulemaking requirements under the
Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute unless the agency certifies
that the rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. Small entities
include small businesses, small
organizations, and small governmental
jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts
of this rule on small entities, small
entity is defined in accordance with
section 601 of the RFA as: (1) A small
business as defined by the Small
Business Administration's (SBA)
regulations at 13 CFR 121.201; (2) a
small governmental jurisdiction that is a
government of a city, county, town,
school district, or special district with a
population of less than 50,000; and (3)
a small organization that is any not-for-
profit enterprise which is independently
owned and operated and is not
dominant in its field.
Pursuant to section 603 of the RFA,
EPA prepared an initial regulatory
flexibility analysis (IRFA) for the
proposed rule and convened a Small
Business Advocacy Review? Panel to
obtain advice and recommendations of
representatives of the regulated small
entities. A summary of the IRFA, a
description of the Panel process, and a
summary of the Panel's
recommendations can be found in Unit
VIII.C. of the preamble to the 2006
Proposal (Ref. 3). A detailed discussion
of the Panel's advice and
recommendations is found in the Panel
Report (Ref. 48).
As required by section 604 of the
RFA, we also prepared a final regulatory
flexibility analysis (FRFA) for this final
rule. The FRFA addresses the issues
raised by public comments on the IRFA,
which was part of the proposal of this
rule. The FRFA is available for review
in the docket and is summarized below
(Ref. 49).
1. Legal basis and objectives for the
rule. As discussed in Unit II. A. of this
preamble, TSCA section 402(c)(2)
directs EPA to study the extent to which
persons engaged in renovation, repair,
and painting activities are exposed to
lead or create lead-based paint hazards
regularly or occasionally. After
concluding this study, TSCA section
402(c)(3) further directs EPA to revise
its Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations under TSCA section 402(a)
to apply to renovation or remodeling
activities that create lead-based paint
hazards. Because EPA's study found
that activities commonly performed
during renovation and remodeling
create lead-based paint hazards, EPA is
revising the TSCA section 402(a)
regulatory scheme to apply to
individuals and firms engaged in
renovation, repair, and painting
activities. In so doing, EPA has also
taken into consideration the
environmental, economic, and social
impact of this final rule as provided in
TSCA section 2(c). The primary
objective of the rule is to minimize
exposure to lead-based paint hazards
created during renovation, repair, and
painting activities in housing where
children under age 6 reside and in
housing where a pregnant woman
resides and in housing or other
buildings frequented by children under
age 6.
2. Potentially affected small entities.
Small entities include small businesses,
small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions. The small
entities that are potentially directly
regulated by this rule include: small
businesses (including contractors and
property owners and managers); small
nonprofits (certain day care centers and
private schools); and small governments
(school districts).
In determining the number of small
businesses affected by the rule, the
Agency applied U.S. Economic Census
data to the SBA's definition of small
business. However, applying the U.S.
Economic Census data requires either
under or overestimating the number of
small businesses affected by the rule.
For example, for many construction
establishments, the SBA defines small
businesses as having revenues of less
than $13 million. With respect to those
establishments, the U.S. Economic
Census data groups all establishments
with revenues of $10 million or more
into one revenue bracket. On the one
hand, using data for the entire industry
would overestimate the number of small
businesses affected by the rule and
would defeat the purpose of estimating
impacts on small business. It would also
underestimate the rule's impact on
small businesses because the impacts
would be calculated using the revenues
of large businesses in addition to small
businesses. On the other hand, applying
the closest, albeit lower, revenue bracket
would underestimate the number of
small businesses affected by the rule
while at the same time overestimating
the impacts. Similar issues arose in
estimating the fraction of property
owners and managers that are small
businesses. EPA has concluded that a
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21753
substantial number of small businesses
will be affected by the rule.
Consequently, EPA has chosen to be
more conservative in estimating the cost
impacts of the rule by using the closest,
albeit lower, revenue bracket for which
Census data is available. For other
sectors (nonprofits operating day care
centers or private schools), EPA
assumed that all affected firms are
small, which may overestimate the
number of small entities affected by the
rule.
The vast majority of entities in the
industries affected by this rule are
small. Using EPA's estimates, the
renovation, repair, and painting
program will affect an average of
approximately 189,000 small entities.
3. Potential economic impacts on
small entities. EPA evaluated two
factors in its analysis of the rule's
requirements on small entities, the
number of firms that would experience
the impact, and the size of the impact.
Average annual compliance costs as a
percentage of average annual revenues
were used to assess the potential
average impacts of the rule on small
businesses and small governments. This
ratio is a good measure of entities'
ability to afford the costs attributable to
a regulatory requirement, because
comparing compliance costs to revenues
provides a reasonable indication of the
magnitude of the regulatory burden
relative to a commonly available
measure of economic activity. Where
regulatory costs represent a small
fraction of a typical entity's revenues,
the financial impacts of the regulation
on such entities may be considered as
not significant. For non-profit
organizations, impacts were measured
by comparing rule costs to annual
expenditures. When expenditure data
were not available, however, revenue
information was used as a proxy for
expenditures. It is appropriate to
calculate the impact ratios using
annualized costs, because these costs
are more representative of the
continuing costs entities face to comply
with the rule.
EPA estimates that there are an
average of 189,000 small entities that
would be affected by the renovation,
repair, and painting activities program.
Of these, there are an estimated 165,000
small businesses with an average impact
of 0.7%, 17,000 small non-profits with
an average impact of 0.1%, and 6,000
small governments with an average
impact of 0.004%. These estimates are
based on an average cost of
approximately $35 per renovation.
4. Relevant Federal rules. The
requirements in this rulemaking will fit
within an existing framework of other
Federal regulations that address lead-
based paint. The Pre-Renovation
Education Rule, discussed in Unit
II.A.2. of this preamble, requires
renovators to distribute a lead hazard
information pamphlet to owners and
occupants before conducting a
renovation in target housing. This rule
has been carefully crafted to harmonize
with the existing pre-renovation
education requirements.
Disposal of waste from renovation
projects that would be regulated by this
rule is covered by the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
regulations for solid waste. This rule
does not contain specific requirements
for the disposal of waste from
renovations.
HUD has extensive regulations that
address the conduct of interim controls,
as well as other lead-based paint
activities, in federally assisted housing.
Some of HUD's interim controls are
regulated under this rule as renovations,
depending upon whether the particular
interim control measure disturbs more
than the threshold amount of paint. In
most cases, the HUD regulations are
comparable to, or more stringent than
this rule. In general, persons performing
HUD-regulated interim controls must
have taken a course in lead-safe work
practices, which is also a requirement of
this rule. However, this rule does not
require dust clearance testing, a process
required by HUD after interim control
activities that disturb more than a
minimal amount of lead-based paint.
Finally, OSHA's Lead Exposure in
Construction standard covers potential
worker exposures to lead during many
construction activities, including
renovation, repair, and painting
activities. Although this standard may
cover many of the same projects as this
final rule, the requirements themselves
do not overlap. The OSHA rule
addresses the protection of the worker,
this EPA rule principally addresses the
protection of the building occupants,
particularly children under age 6 and
pregnant women.
5. Skills needed for compliance. This
rule establishes requirements for
training renovators, other renovation
workers, and dust sampling technicians;
certifying renovators, dust sampling
technicians, and entities engaged in
renovation, repair, and painting
activities; accrediting providers of
renovation and dust sampling
technician training; and for renovation
work practices. Renovators and dust
sampling technicians would have to
take a course to learn the proper
techniques for accomplishing the tasks
they will perform during renovations.
These courses are intended to provide
them with the information they would
need to comply with the rule based on
the skills they already have. Renovators
would then provide on-the-job training
in work practices to any other
renovation workers used on a particular
renovation. They would also need to
document the work they have done
during renovations. This does not
require any special skills. Renovation
firms would be required to apply for
certification to perform renovations; this
process does not require any special
skills other than the ability to complete
the application. Training providers must
be knowledgeable about delivering
technical training. Training providers
would be required to apply for
accreditation to offer renovator and dust
sampling technician courses. They
would also be required to provide prior
notification of such courses and provide
information on the students trained after
each such course. Completing the
accreditation application and providing
the required notification information
does not require any special skills.
6. Small Business Advocacy Review
Panel. Since the earliest stages of
planning for this regulation under
section 402(c)(3) of TSCA, EPA has been
concerned with potential small entity
impacts. EPA conducted outreach to
small entities, and, in 1999, convened a
Small Business Advocacy Review
(SBAR) Panel to obtain advice and
recommendations of representatives of
the small entities that would potentially
be subject to this regulation's
requirements. At that time, EPA was
planning an initial regulation that
would apply to renovations in target
housing, with requirements for public
and commercial building renovations,
including child-occupied facility
renovations, to follow at a later date.
The small entity representatives (SERs)
chosen for consultation reflect that
initial emphasis. They included
maintenance and renovation
contractors, painting and decorating
contractors, multi-family housing
owners and operators, training
providers/consultants, and
representatives from several national
contractor associations, the National
Multi-Housing Council, and the
National Association of Home Builders.
After considering the existing Lead-
based Paint Activities Regulations, and
taking into account preliminary
stakeholder feedback, EPA identified
eight key elements of a potential
renovation and remodeling regulation
for the SBAR Panel's consideration.
These elements were:
Applicability and scope.
Firm certification.
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Individual training and
certification.
Accreditation of training courses.
Work practice standards.
Prohibited practices.
Exterior clearance.
Interior clearance.
EPA also developed several options
for each of these key elements. Although
the scope and applicability options
specifically presented to the SBAR
Panel covered only target housing,
background information presented to
the SERs and to the SBAR Panel
members shows that EPA was also
considering a regulation covering child-
occupied facilities. The 2007
Supplemental Proposal (Ref. 15)
extended the potentially regulated
universe to include child-occupied
facilities. When the 2007 Supplemental
Proposal was issued, EPA conducted a
targeted mailing campaign to
specifically solicit input on the rule
from child-occupied facilities, such as
child care providers and kindergartens,
in public or commercial buildings. More
information on the SBAR Panel, its
recommendations, and how EPA
implemented them in the development
of the program, is provided in Unit
VIII.C.6. of the preamble to the 2006
Proposal (Ref. 3).
7. Alternatives considered. The
following is a discussion of significant
alternatives to the rule, originated by
EPA or by commenters, that could affect
the economic impacts of the rule on
small entities. These alternatives would
have applied to both small and large
entities, but, given the large number of
small entities in the industry, these
alternatives would primarily affect
small entities. For the reasons described
below, these alternatives are not
consistent with the objectives of the
rule.
a. Applicability and scope. EPA
considered a number of options for the
scope and applicability of the rule:
include all pre-1978 housing, all pre-
1978 rental housing, all pre-1960
housing, and all pre-1960 rental
housing. Although the scope and
applicability options specifically
presented to the SBAR Panel covered
only target housing, background
information presented to the SERs and
to the SBAR Panel members shows that
EPA was also considering a regulation
covering child-occupied facilities.
The SBAR Panel recommended that
EPA request public comment in the
proposal on the option of limiting the
housing stock affected by the rule to that
constructed prior to 1960, as well as the
option of covering all pre-1978 housing
and other options that may help to
reduce costs while achieving the
protection of public health. EPA asked
for comment in the proposed rule on
alternative scope options, including an
option limited to buildings constructed
prior to 1960. After considering the
public comments, EPA has determined
that limiting the rule to exclude
buildings constructed on or after 1960 is
not consistent with the stated objectives
of the rule, in part because this would
not protect children under the age of 6
and pregnant women.
b. Staged approach. EPA proposed a
staged approach that would initially
address renovations in pre-1960 target
housing and child-occupied facilities, or
where a child had an increased blood-
lead level. EPA requested comment
about whether to delay implementation
for post-1960 target housing and child-
occupied facilities for 1 year. Most
commenters objected to the phased
implementation, expressing concerns
about adding complexity to
implementation and about potential
exposures to children in buildings built
between 1960 and 1978 during the first
year. After reviewing the comments,
EPA determined the reduced burdens of
a staged approach did not outweigh the
complexity that it added to
implementation.
c. Exclude categories of contractors or
renovation activities. EPA requested
comment on whether to exclude any
categories of specialty contractors and
whether certain renovation activities
should be specifically included or
excluded. In response, no commenter
offered any data to show that any
category of contractor or type of
renovation activity should be exempt
because they do not create lead-based
paint hazards. All of the renovation
activities in the Dust Study and the
other studies in the record for the rule
created lead-based paint hazards. EPA
determined that it had no basis on
which to exempt any category of
contractor or type of renovation.
However, some small jobs will be
exempt from the requirements of the
rule under the minor maintenance
exception.
d. Prohibited practices. The current
abatement regulations in 40 CFR part
745, subpart L prohibit the following
work practices during abatement
projects: Open-flame burning or
torching, machine sanding or grinding,
abrasive blasting or sandblasting, dry
scraping of large areas, and operating a
heat gun in excess of 1100 degrees
Fahrenheit. EPA presented four options
to the SBAR Panel on this topic:
prohibit these practices during
renovations; allow dry scraping and
exterior flame-burning or torching;
allow dry scraping and interior and
exterior flame-burning or torching; or
allow all of these practices. The SBAR
Panel recognized industry concerns over
the feasibility of prohibiting these
practices, especially when no cost-
effective alternatives exist. The SBAR
Panel was also concerned about the
potential risks associated with these
practices, but noted that reasonable
training, performance, containment, and
clean-up requirements may adequately
address these risks.
EPA followed the SBAR Panel's
recommendation and requested public
comment on the cost, benefit, and
feasibility of prohibiting certain work
practices. In response to its request for
comment in the proposed rule, the
Agency received information on
techniques including benign strippers,
steam stripping, closed planing with
vacuums, infrared removal, and
chemical stripping. Therefore, EPA
believes that there are cost-effective
alternatives to these prohibited or
restricted practices. In addition, the
Dust Study (Characterization of Dust
Lead Levels after Renovation, Repair,
and Painting Activities) found that most
practices prohibited or restricted under
EPA's Lead-based Paint Activities
Regulations produce large quantities of
lead dust, and that the use of the
proposed work practices were not
effective at containing or removing dust-
lead hazards from the work area.
EPA has concluded that these
practices should be prohibited or
restricted during renovation, repair, and
painting activities that disturb lead-
based paint because the work practices
in the rule are not effective at containing
the spread of leaded dust when these
practices are used, or at cleaning up
lead-based paint hazards created by
these practices. Thus, the work practices
are not effective at minimizing exposure
to lead-based paint hazards created
during renovation activities when these
activities are used.
e. HEPA vacuums. The proposed rule
required the use of a HEPA vacuum as
part of the work practice standards for
renovation activities. One commenter
stated that EPA did not have sufficient
evidence showing that HEPA vacuums
are significantly better at removing lead
dust than non-HEPA vacuums. EPA has
determined that the weight of the
evidence provided by the studies it
reviewed demonstrates that the HEPA
vacuums consistently removed
significant quantities of lead-based paint
dust and reduced lead loadings to lower
levels then did other vacuums. While
there may be some vacuums cleaners
that are as effective as HEPA vacuums,
EPA has not been able to define
quantitatively the specific attributes of
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21755
those vacuums. That is, EPA is not able
to identify what criteria should be used
to identify vacuums that are equivalent
to HEPA vacuums in performance.
Thus, EPA does not believe that it can
identify in the final rule what types of
vacuums can be used as substitutes for
HEPA-vacuums. Therefore, EPA has not
adopted this alternative.
f. Visual inspection in lieu of cleaning
verification. EPA requested comment on
whether cleaning verification is
necessary given the cleaning required by
the rule. Some commenters contended
that a visual inspection following
cleaning after a renovation is sufficient
to ensure the lead-based paint dust
generated by a renovation has been
sufficiently cleaned-up. EPA disagrees
with those commenters who requested
that the work practices in the final rule
not include any verification beyond
visual inspection. The weight of the
evidence clearly demonstrates that
visual inspection following cleaning
after a renovation is insufficient at
detecting dust-lead hazards, even at
levels significantly above the regulatory
hazard standards. Further, EPA
disagrees with the implication that
easily visible paint chips and splinters
are necessarily the primary materials
generated during a renovation. EPA
studies, including the Dust Study, show
that renovation activities generate dust
as well as chips and splinters.
Therefore, EPA has not adopted this
alternative.
8. Significant issues raised by
comments on the Initial Regulatory
Flexibility Analysis. A commenter
requested that the plumbing-heating-
cooling industry be exempted from the
rule, claiming that the rule is
impractical for the industry. The
commenter did not provide any
supporting data as to why the rule is
impractical for the plumbing-heating-
cooling industry, or any data indicating
that renovations conducted by
plumbing, heating, or cooling
contractors do not create lead hazards.
By contrast, the Dust Study indicated
that cutting open drywall (an activity
often performed by plumbing, heating,
and cooling contractors) can create a
lead hazard. Therefore, EPA believes
that plumbing, heating, and cooling
contractors who disturb more than an
exempt amount of lead-based paint can
create lead hazards. EPA does not
believe that there is a factual basis for
exempting this, or any other, industry
from the rule.
Another commenter stated that EPA's
proposed rule gave little deference to
HUD's rules, and thus is inconsistent
with the Regulatory Flexibility Act's
requirements to fit new rules within the
framework of existing Federal
regulations. The commenter stated that
EPA's rule needed to give greater
deference to the framework established
in HUD's rules (especially HUD's
requirements for independent clearance
examinations and its prohibition of
dangerous work practices), and to
clearly explain how the Renovation,
Repair and Painting Rule will interface
with HUD's rules to avoid confusion.
Regarding HUD's requirements for
independent clearance examinations,
EPA's final rule clarifies that dust
clearance sampling is allowed in lieu of
post-renovation cleaning verification in
cases where another Federal, State,
Territorial, Tribal, or local regulation
requires dust clearance testing and
requires the renovation firm to clean the
work area until it passes clearance. This
would apply to HUD-regulated
renovations. Regarding the prohibition
of dangerous work practices, EPA's final
rule prohibits the use of the following
work practices during regulated
renovations: Open flame burning or
torching of lead-based paint; the use of
machines that remove lead-based paint
through high speed operation such as
sanding, grinding, power planing,
needle gun, abrasive blasting, or
sandblasting unless such machines are
used with HEPA exhaust control; and
operating a heat gun above 1100 degrees
Fahrenheit. EPA believes that the
provisions in the final rule provide an
appropriate measure of consistency with
other regulatory programs (including
HUD's), and will cause minimal
disruption for renovation firms.
One commenter contended that EPA
said that "[n]one of the housing
authorities identified in section 8.2.1 as
operating public housing that does not
receive HUD funding qualifies as a
small government under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act." According to the
commenter, public housing authorities
are government entities, and hundreds
of them are located in and are part of
communities with a population of less
than 50,000.
EPA's small entity analysis was not
claiming that no small governments
operate housing authorities, but that
they would not be significantly
impacted by the rule. EPA's reasoning
was as follows:
The only public housing
authorities that EPA could identify that
do not receive HUD funds are operated
by Massachusetts, New York, Hawaii,
Connecticut, and New York City.
Massachusetts, New York, Hawaii,
Connecticut, and New York City have
populations over 50,000 and thus do not
qualify as small governments.
To the best of EPA's knowledge,
governments with populations under
50,000 that operate public housing
authorities all receive HUD funds.
Public housing that receives
funding from HUD already must comply
with HUD regulations regarding lead
paint and so are not likely to incur
significant additional costs due to this
rule.
The commenter has offered no factual
information to dispute this reasoning.
Therefore, the Agency believes its
conclusions regarding public housing
authorities operated by small
governments were appropriate.
A commenter stated that the proposed
rule will have a significant impact on
small businesses, and that EPA's own
economic analysis of this rule finds that
residential property managers and
lessors of residential real estate will bear
the largest share of costs in association
with the rule. EPA disagrees with the
commenter's claim that residential
property managers and lessors of
residential real estate will bear the
largest share of costs in association with
the rule. EPA analyzed small business
impacts by estimating the average cost
impact ratio for each industry,
calculated as the average annual
compliance cost as a percentage of
average annual revenues. The average
cost impact ratio for lessors of real estate
is below the average cost impact ratio
for all small businesses under the rule.
And while the average cost impact ratio
for residential property managers is
above the average cost impact for all
small businesses under the rule, small
residential property managers make up
approximately 3% of the small entities
impacted by the rule. Therefore, it is not
accurate to claim that residential
property managers and lessors of
residential real estate will bear the
largest share of costs in association with
the rule.
Another commenter stated that given
the lack of evidence showing that HEPA
vacuums are significantly better at
removing lead dust from floors, and
because HEPA vacuums are
significantly more costly than non-
HEPA units, EPA should modify its
proposed rule to allow cleanup with
either a HEPA or non-HEPA vacuum.
According to the commenter, doing so
would reduce the cost to small entities
in the renovation and lead mitigation
businesses without compromising the
level of lead dust clearance achieved by
the standard.
EPA disagrees that it should modify
its proposed rule to allow cleanup with
a non-HEPA vacuum. EPA has
determined that the weight of the
evidence provided by various studies
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demonstrate that the HEPA vacuums
consistently removed significant
quantities of lead-based paint dust and
reduced lead loadings to lower levels
then did other vacuums. While there
may be some vacuums that are as
effective as HEPA vacuums, EPA has
not been able to define quantitatively
the specific attributes of those vacuums.
That is, EPA is not able to identify what
criteria should be used to identify
vacuums that are equivalent to HEPA
vacuums in performance. Thus, EPA
does not believe that it can identify
what types of vacuums can be used as
substitutes for HEPA-vacuums. EPA also
notes that non-HEPA vacuums that
perform as well as HEPA vacuums may
not be less expensive than HEPA
vacuums. For these reasons, EPA has
determined that modifying its proposed
rule to allow cleanup with non-HEPA
vacuums would compromise the level of
lead dust clearance achieved by the
standard, and might not result in
meaningful cost reductions.
As required by section 212 of
SBREFA, EPA also is preparing a Small
Entity Compliance Guide to help small
entities comply with this rule. Before
the date that this rule's requirements
take effect for training providers,
renovation firms, and renovators, the
guide will be available on EPA's website
at http://www.epa.gov/lead or from the
National Lead Information Center by
calling 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 1044, establishes requirements for
Federal agencies to assess the effects of
their regulatory actions on State, local,
and Tribal governments and the private
sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA,
EPA generally must prepare a written
statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules
with "Federal mandates" that may
result in expenditures to State, local,
and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or to the private sector, of
$100 million or more in any 1 year.
Before promulgating an EPA rule for
which a written statement is needed,
section 205 of the UMRA generally
requires EPA to identify and consider a
reasonable number of regulatory
alternatives and adopt the least costly,
most cost-effective or least burdensome
alternative that achieves the objectives
of the rule. The provisions of section
205 do not apply when they are
inconsistent with applicable law.
Moreover, section 205 allows EPA to
adopt an alternative other than the least
costly, most cost-effective or least
burdensome alternative if the
Administrator publishes with the final
rule an explanation why that alternative
was not adopted. Before EPA establishes
any regulatory requirements that may
significantly or uniquely affect small
governments, including Tribal
governments, it must have developed
under section 203 of UMRA a small
government agency plan. The plan must
provide for notifying potentially
affected small governments, enabling
officials of affected small governments
to have meaningful and timely input in
the development of EPA regulatory
proposals with significant Federal
intergovernmental mandates, and
informing, educating, and advising
small governments on compliance with
the regulatory requirements.
Under UMRA Title II, EPA has
determined that this rule contains a
Federal mandate that may result in
expenditures that exceed the inflation-
adjusted UMRA threshold of $100
million by the private sector in any 1
year, but it will not result in such
expenditures by State, local, and Tribal
governments in the aggregate.
Accordingly, EPA has prepared a
written statement under section 202 of
UMRA which has been placed in the
public docket for this rulemaking and is
summarized here.
1. Authorizing legislation. This rule is
issued under the authority of TSCA
sections 402(c)(3), 404, 406, and 407, 15
U.S.C. 2682(c)(3), 2684, 2686, and 2687.
2. Cost-benefit analysis. EPA has
prepared an analysis of the costs and
benefits associated with this
rulemaking, a copy of which is available
in the docket for this rulemaking (Ref.
24). The Economic Analysis presents
the costs of the rule as well as various
regulatory options and is summarized in
Unit III.A. of this preamble.EPA has
estimated that the total annualized costs
of this rulemaking are approximately
$400 million per year using either a 3%
or a 7% discount rate,and that benefits
are approximately $700 to $1,700
million per year using a 3% discount
rate and $700 to $1,800 million per year
using a 7% discount.
3. State, local, and Tribal government
input. EPA has sought input from State,
local and Tribal government
representatives throughout the
development of the renovation, repair,
and painting program. EPA's experience
in administering the existing lead-based
paint activities program under TSCA
section 402(a) suggests that these
governments will play a critical role in
the successful implementation of a
national program to reduce exposures to
lead-based paint hazards associated
with renovation, repair, and painting
activities. Consequently, as discussed in
Unit III.C.2. of the preamble to the 2006
Proposal (Ref. 3), the Agency has met
with State, local, and Tribal government
officials on numerous occasions to
discuss renovation issues.
4. Least burdensome option. EPA
considered a wide variety of options for
addressing the risks presented by
renovation activities where lead-based
paint is present. As part of the
development of the renovation, repair,
and painting program, EPA has
considered different options for the
scope of the rule, various combinations
of training and certification
requirements for individuals who
perform renovations, various
combinations of work practice
requirements, and various methods for
ensuring that no lead-based paint
hazards are left behind by persons
performing renovations. The Economic
Analysis analyzed several different
options for the scope of the rule.
Additional information on the options
considered is available in Unit VIII.C.6.
of the preamble for the 2006 Proposal
(Ref. 3), and in the Economic Analysis
(Ref. 24). EPA has determined that the
preferred option is the least burdensome
option available that achieves the
primary objective of this rule, which is
to minimize exposure to lead-based
paint hazards created during renovation,
repair, and painting activities in
housing where children under age 6
reside and where a pregnant woman
resides and in housing or other
buildings frequented by children under
age 6.
This rule does not contain a
significant Federal intergovernmental
mandate as described by section 203 of
UMRA. Based on the definition of
"small government jurisdiction" in RFA
section 601, no State governments can
be considered small. Small Territorial or
Tribal governments may apply for
authorization to administer and enforce
this program, which would entail costs,
but these small jurisdictions are under
no obligation to do so.
EPA has determined that this rule
contains no regulatory requirements that
might significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. Small governments
operate schools that are child-occupied
facilities. EPA generally measures a
significant impact under UMRA as
being expenditures, in the aggregate, of
more than 1% of small government
revenues in any 1 year. As explained in
Unit III.C.3., the rule is expected to
result in small government impacts well
under 1% of revenues. So EPA has
determined that the rule does not
significantly affect small governments.
Nor does the rule uniquely affect small
governments, as the rule is not targeted
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21757
at small governments, does not
primarily affect small governments, and
does not impose a different burden on
small governments than on other
entities that operate child-occupied
facilities.
E. Federalism
Pursuant to Executive Order 13132,
entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255,
August 10, 1999), EPA has determined
that this rule does not have "federalism
implications," because it will not have
substantial direct effects on the States,
on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government, as specified in
Executive Order 13132. Thus, Executive
Order 13132 does not apply to this rule.
States would be able to apply for, and
receive authorization to administer
these requirements, but would be under
no obligation to do so. In the absence of
a State authorization, EPA will
administer these requirements.
Nevertheless, in the spirit of the
objectives of this Executive Order, and
consistent with EPA policy to promote
communications between the Agency
and State and local governments, EPA
has consulted with representatives of
State and local governments in
developing the renovation, repair, and
painting program. These consultations
are as described in the preamble to the
2006 Proposal (Ref. 3).
F. Tribal Implications
As required by Executive Order
13175, entitled Consultation and
Coordination with Indian Tribal
Governments (59 FR 22951, November
9, 2000), EPA has determined that this
rule does not have tribal implications
because it will not have substantial
direct effects on tribal governments, on
the relationship between the Federal
government and the Indian tribes, or on
the distribution of power and
responsibilities between the Federal
government and Indian tribes, as
specified in the Order. Tribes would be
able to apply for, and receive
authorization to administer these
requirements on Tribal lands, but Tribes
would be under no obligation to do so.
In the absence of a Tribal authorization,
EPA will administer these requirements.
While Tribes may operate child-
occupied facilities covered by the rule
such as kindergartens, pre-
kindergartens, and day care facilities,
EPA has determined that this rule
would not have substantial direct effects
on the Tribal governments that operate
these facilities.
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not
apply to this rule. Although Executive
Order 13175 does not apply to this rule,
EPA consulted with Tribal officials and
others by discussing potential
renovation regulatory options for the
renovation, repair, and painting
program at several national lead
program meetings hosted by EPA and
other interested Federal agencies.
G. Children's Health Protection
Executive Order 13045, entitled
Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety
Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997)
applies to this rule because it is an
"economically significant regulatory
action" as defined by Executive Order
12866, and because the environmental
health or safety risk addressed by this
action may have a disproportionate
effect on children. Accordingly, EPA
has evaluated the environmental health
or safety effects of renovation, repair,
and painting projects on children.
Various aspects of this evaluation are
discussed in the preamble to the 2006
Proposal (Ref. 3).
The primary purpose of this rule is to
minimize exposure to lead-based paint
hazards created during renovation,
repair, and painting activities in
housing where children under age 6
reside and in housing or other buildings
frequented by children under age 6. In
the absence of this regulation, adequate
work practices are not likely to be
employed during renovation, repair, and
painting activities. EPA's analysis
indicates that there will be
approximately 1.4 million children
under age 6 affected by the rule. These
children are projected to receive
considerable benefits due to this
regulation.
H. Energy Effects
This rule is not a "significant energy
action" as defined in Executive Order
13211, entitled Actions Concerning
Regulations that Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66
FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because it is
not likely to have any adverse effect on
the supply, distribution, or use of
energy.
I. Technology Standards
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law No.
104-113, 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note),
directs EPA to use voluntary consensus
standards in its regulatory activities
unless to do so would be inconsistent
with applicable law or otherwise
impractical. Voluntary consensus
standards are technical standards (e.g.,
materials specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, and business
practices) that are developed or adopted
by voluntary consensus standards
bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to
provide Congress, through OMB,
explanations when the Agency decides
not to use available and applicable
voluntary consensus standards. In the
2006 Proposal, EPA proposed to adopt
a number of work practice requirements
that could be considered technical
standards for performing renovation
projects in residences that contain lead-
based paint. As discussed in Unit VIII.I.
of the 2006 Proposal, EPA identified
two potentially applicable voluntary
consensus standards (Ref. 3 at 1626).
ASTM International (formerly the
American Society for Testing and
Materials) has developed two
potentially applicable documents:
Standard Practice for Clearance
Examinations Following Lead Hazard
Reduction Activities in Single-Family
Dwellings and Child-Occupied Facilities
(Ref. 50), and "Standard Guide for
Evaluation, Management, and Control of
Lead Hazards in Facilities" (Ref. 51).
With respect to the first document, EPA
did not propose to require traditional
clearance examinations, including dust
sampling, following renovation projects.
However, EPA did propose to require
that a visual inspection for dust, debris,
and residue be conducted after cleaning
and before post-renovation cleaning
verification is performed. The first
ASTM document does contain
information on conducting a visual
inspection before collecting dust
clearance samples. The second ASTM
document is a comprehensive guide to
identifying and controlling lead-based
paint hazards. Some of the information
in this document is relevant to the work
practices required by the rule. Each of
these ASTM documents represents
state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the
performance of these particular aspects
of lead-based paint hazard evaluation
and control practices and EPA
continues to recommend the use of
these documents where appropriate.
However, because each of these
documents is extremely detailed and
encompasses many circumstances
beyond the scope of this rulemaking,
EPA determined that it would be
impractical to incorporate these
voluntary consensus standards into the
rule.
In addition, this final rule contains
performance standards and a process for
recognizing test kits that may be used by
certified renovators to determine
whether components to be affected by a
renovation contain lead-based paint.
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EPA will recognize those kits that meet
certain performance standards for
limited false positives and negatives.
EPA will also recognize only those kits
that have been properly validated by a
laboratory independent of the kit
manufacturer. For most kits, this will
mean participating in EPA's
Environmental Technology Verification
(ETV) program. With stakeholder input,
EPA is adapting a volunary consensus
standard, ASTM's "Standard Practice
for Evaluating the Performance
Characteristics of Qualitative Chemical
Spot Test Kits for Lead in Paint" (Ref.
28), for use as a testing protocol to
determine whether a particular kit has
met the performance standards
established in this final rule.
/. Environmental Justice
Executive Order 12898, entitled
Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority
Populations and Low-Income
Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16,
1994) establishes federal executive
policy on environmental justice. Its
main provision directs federal agencies,
to the greatest extent practicable and
permitted by law, to make
environmental justice part of their
mission by identifying and addressing,
as appropriate, disproportionately high
and adverse human health or
environmental effects of their programs,
policies, and activities on minority
populations and low-income
populations in the United States.
EPA has assessed the potential impact
of this rule on minority and low-income
populations. The results of this
assessment are presented in the
Economic Analysis, which is available
in the public docket for this rulemaking
(Ref. 24). As a result of this assessment,
the Agency has determined that this
final rule will not have
disproportionately high and adverse
human health or environmental effects
on minority or low-income populations
because it increases the level of
environmental protection for all affected
populations without having any
disproportionately high and adverse
human health or environmental effects
on any population, including any
minority or low-income population.
VI. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review? Act, 5
U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides
that before a rule may take effect, the
agency promulgating the rule must
submit a rule report, which includes a
copy of the rule, to each House of the
Congress and to the Comptroller General
of the United States. EPA will submit a
report containing this rule and other
required information to the U.S. Senate,
the U.S. House of Representatives, and
the Comptroller General of the United
States prior to publication of the rule in
the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it
is published in the Federal Register.
This action is a "major rule" as defined
by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). This rule is effective
June 23, 2008.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 745
Environmental protection, Child-
occupied facility, Housing renovation,
Lead, Lead-based paint, Renovation,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: March 31, 2008,
Steven L. Johnson,
Administrator.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is
amended as follows:
PART 745[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 745
continues to read as follows:
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2605, 2607, 2681-2692
and 42 U.S.C. 4852d.
2. Section 745.80 is revised to read as
follows:
§745.80 Purpose.
This subpart contains regulations
developed under sections 402 and 406
of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15
U.S.C. 2682 and 2686) and applies to all
renovations performed for
compensation in target housing and
child-occupied facilities. The purpose of
this subpart is to ensure the following:
(a) Owners and occupants of target
housing and child-occupied facilities
receive information on lead-based paint
hazards before these renovations begin;
and
(b) Individuals performing
renovations regulated in accordance
with§ 745.82 are properly trained;
renovators and firms performing these
renovations are certified; and the work
practices in § 745.85 are followed
during these renovations.
3. Section 745.81 is revised to read as
follows:
§745.81 Effective dates.
(a) Training, certification and
accreditation requirements and work
practice standards. The training,
certification and accreditation
requirements and work practice
standards in this subpart are applicable
in any State or Indian Tribal area that
does not have a renovation program that
is authorized under subpart Q of this
part. The training, certification and
accreditation requirements and work
practice standards in this subpart will
become effective as follows:
(1) Training programs. Effective June
23, 2008, no training program may
provide, offer, or claim to provide
training or refresher training for EPA
certification as a renovator or a dust
sampling technician without
accreditation from EPA under § 745.225.
Training programs may apply for
accreditation under § 745.225 beginning
April 22, 2009.
(2) Firms, (i) Firms may apply for
certification under § 745.89 beginning
October 22, 2009.
(ii) On or after April 22, 2010, no firm
may perform, offer, or claim to perform
renovations without certification from
EPA under § 745.89 in target housing or
child-occupied facilities, unless the
renovation qualifies for one of the
exceptions identified in § 745.82(a) or
(c).
(3) Individuals. On or after April 22,
2010, all renovations must be directed
by renovators certified in accordance
with § 745.90(a) and performed by
certified renovators or individuals
trained in accordance with
§ 745.90(b)(2) in target housing or child-
occupied facilities, unless the
renovation qualifies for one of the
exceptions identified in § 745.82(a) or
(c).
(4) Work practices. On or after April
22, 2010, all renovations must be
performed in accordance with the work
practice standards in § 745.85 and the
associated recordkeeping requirements
in § 745.86(b)(6) and (b)(7) in target
housing or child-occupied facilities,
unless the renovation qualifies for one
of the exceptions identified in
§ 745.82(a) or (c).
(5) The suspension and revocation
provisions in § 745.91 are effectiveApril
22, 2010.
(b) Renovation-specific pamphlet.
Before December 22, 2008, renovators or
firms performing renovations in States
and Indian Tribal areas without an
authorized program may provide
owners and occupants with either of the
following EPA pamphlets: Protect Your
Family From Lead in Your Home or
Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families, Child Care
Providers and Schools. After that date,
Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families, Child Care
Providers and Schools must be used
exclusively.
(c) Pre-Renovation Education Rule.
With the exception of the requirement
to use the pamphlet entitled Renovate
Right: Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families, Child Care
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21759
Providers and Schools, the provisions of
the Pre-Renovation Education Rule in
this subpart have been in effect since
lune 1999.
4. Section 745.82 is revised to read as
follows:
§745.82 Applicability.
(a) This subpart applies to all
renovations performed for
compensation in target housing and
child-occupied facilities, except for the
following:
(1) Renovations in target housing or
child-occupied facilities in which a
written determination has been made by
an inspector or risk assessor (certified
pursuant to either Federal regulations at
§ 745.226 or a State or Tribal
certification program authorized
pursuant to § 745.324) that the
components affected by the renovation
are free of paint or other surface
coatings that contain lead equal to or in
excess of 1.0 milligrams/per square
centimeter (mg/cm2) or 0.5% by weight,
where the firm performing the
renovation has obtained a copy of the
determination.
(2) Renovations in target housing or
child-occupied facilities in which a
certified renovator, using an EPA
recognized test kit as defined in § 745.83
and following the kit manufacturer's
instructions, has tested each component
affected by the renovation and
determined that the components are free
of paint or other surface coatings that
contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0
mg/cm2 or 0.5% by weight. If the
components make up an integrated
whole, such as the individual stair
treads and risers of a single staircase,
the renovator is required to test only one
of the individual components, unless
the individual components appear to
have been repainted or refinished
separately.
(b) The information distribution
requirements in § 745.84 do not apply to
emergency renovations, which are
renovation activities that were not
planned but result from a sudden,
unexpected event (such as non-routine
failures of equipment) that, if not
immediately attended to, presents a
safety or public health hazard, or
threatens equipment and/or property
with significant damage. Interim
controls performed in response to an
elevated blood lead level in a resident
child are also emergency renovations.
Emergency renovations other than
interim controls are also exempt from
the warning sign, containment, waste
handling, training, and certification
requirements in §§ 745.85, 745.89, and
745.90 to the extent necessary to
respond to the emergency. Emergency
renovations are not exempt from the
cleaning requirements of § 745.85(a)(5),
which must be performed by certified
renovators or individuals trained in
accordance with § 745.90(b)(2), the
cleaning verification requirements of
§ 745.85(b), which must be performed
by certified renovators, and the
recordkeeping requirements of
§ 745.86(b)(6) and (b)(7).
(c) The training requirements in
§ 745.90 and the work practice
standards for renovation activities in
§ 745.85 apply to all renovations
covered by this subpart, except for
renovations in target housing for which
the firm performing the renovation has
obtained a statement signed by the
owner that the renovation will occur in
the owner's residence, no child under
age 6 resides there, no pregnant woman
resides there, the housing is not a child-
occupied facility, and the owner
acknowledges that the renovation firm
will not be required to use the work
practices contained in EPA's renovation,
repair, and painting rule. For the
purposes of this section, a child resides
in the primary residence of his or her
custodial parents, legal guardians, and
foster parents. A child also resides in
the primary residence of an informal
caretaker if the child lives and sleeps
most of the time at the caretaker's
residence.
5. Section 745.83 is amended as
follows:
a. Remove the definitions of
"Emergency renovation operations" and
"Multi-family housing."
b. Revise the definitions of
"Pamphlet," "Renovation," and
"Renovator."
c. Add 13 definitions in alphabetical
order.
§745.83 Definitions.
A A A A A
Child-occupied facility means a
building, or portion of a building,
constructed prior to 1978, visited
regularly by the same child, under 6
years of age, on at least two different
days within any week (Sunday through
Saturday period), provided that each
day's visit lasts at least 3 hours and the
combined weekly visits last at least 6
hours, and the combined annual visits
last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied
facilities may include, but are not
limited to, day care centers, preschools
and kindergarten classrooms. Child-
occupied facilities may be located in
target housing or in public or
commercial buildings. With respect to
common areas in public or commercial
buildings that contain child-occupied
facilities, the child-occupied facility
encompasses only those common areas
that are routinely used by children
under age 6, such as restrooms and
cafeterias. Common areas that children
under age 6 only pass through, such as
hallways, stairways, and garages are not
included. In addition, with respect to
exteriors of public or commercial
buildings that contain child-occupied
facilities, the child-occupied facility
encompasses only the exterior sides of
the building that are immediately
adjacent to the child-occupied facility or
the common areas routinely used by
children under age 6.
Cleaning verification card means a
card developed and distributed, or
otherwise approved, by EPA for the
purpose of determining, through
comparison of wet and dry disposable
cleaning cloths with the card, whether
post-renovation cleaning has been
properly completed.
Component or building component
means specific design or structural
elements or fixtures of a building or
residential dwelling that are
distinguished from each other by form,
function, and location. These include,
but are not limited to, interior
components such as: Ceilings, crown
molding, walls, chair rails, doors, door
trim, floors, fireplaces, radiators and
other heating units, shelves, shelf
supports, stair treads, stair risers, stair
stringers, newel posts, railing caps,
balustrades, windows and trim
(including sashes, window heads,
jambs, sills or stools and troughs), built
in cabinets, columns, beams, bathroom
vanities, counter tops, and air
conditioners; and exterior components
such as: Painted roofing, chimneys,
flashing, gutters and downspouts,
ceilings, soffits, fascias, rake boards,
cornerboards, bulkheads, doors and
door trim, fences, floors, joists, lattice
work, railings and railing caps, siding,
handrails, stair risers and treads, stair
stringers, columns, balustrades,
windowsills or stools and troughs,
casings, sashes and wells, and air
conditioners.
Dry disposable cleaning cloth means
a commercially available dry,
electrostatically charged, white
disposable cloth designed to be used for
cleaning hard surfaces such as
uncarpeted floors or counter tops.
Firm means a company, partnership,
corporation, sole proprietorship or
individual doing business, association,
or other business entity; a Federal, State,
Tribal, or local government agency; or a
nonprofit organization.
HEPA vacuum means a vacuum
cleaner which has been designed with a
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
filter as the last filtration stage. A HEPA
filter is a filter that is capable of
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capturing particles of 0.3 microns with
99.97% efficiency. The vacuum cleaner
must be designed so that all the air
drawn into the machine is expelled
through the HEPA filter with none of
the air leaking past it.
Interim controls means a set of
measures designed to temporarily
reduce human exposure or likely
exposure to lead-based paint hazards,
including specialized cleaning, repairs,
maintenance, painting, temporary
containment, ongoing monitoring of
lead-based paint hazards or potential
hazards, and the establishment and
operation of management and resident
education programs.
Minor repair and maintenance
activities are activities, including minor
heating, ventilation or air conditioning
work, electrical work, and plumbing,
that disrupt 6 square feet or less of
painted surface per room for interior
activities or 20 square feet or less of
painted surface for exterior activities
where none of the work practices
prohibited or restricted by § 745.85(a)(3)
are used and where the work does not
involve window replacement or
demolition of painted surface areas.
When removing painted components, or
portions of painted components, the
entire surface area removed is the
amount of painted surface disturbed.
lobs, other than emergency renovations,
performed in the same room within the
same 30 days must be considered the
same job for the purpose of determining
whether the job is a minor repair and
maintenance activity.
Pamphlet means the EPA pamphlet
titled Renovate Right: Important Lead
Hazard Information for Families, Child
Care Providers and Schools developed
under section 406(a) of TSCA for use in
complying with section 406(b) of TSCA,
or any State or Tribal pamphlet
approved by EPA pursuant to 40 CFR
745.326 that is developed for the same
purpose. This includes reproductions of
the pamphlet when copied in full and
without revision or deletion of material
from the pamphlet (except for the
addition or revision of State or local
sources of information). Before
December 22, 2008, the term
"pamphlet" also means any pamphlet
developed by EPA under section 406(a)
of TSCA or any State or Tribal pamphlet
approved by EPA pursuant to § 745.326.
A A A A A
Recognized test kit means a
commercially available kit recognized
by EPA under § 745.88 as being capable
of allowing a user to determine the
presence of lead at levels equal to or in
excess of 1.0 milligrams per square
centimeter, or more than 0.5% lead by
weight, in a paint chip, paint powder,
or painted surface.
Renovation means the modification of
any existing structure, or portion
thereof, that results in the disturbance of
painted surfaces, unless that activity is
performed as part of an abatement as
defined by this part (40 CFR 745.223).
The term renovation includes (but is not
limited to): The removal, modification
or repair of painted surfaces or painted
components (e.g., modification of
painted doors, surface restoration,
window repair, surface preparation
activity (such as sanding, scraping, or
other such activities that may generate
paint dust)); the removal of building
components (e.g., walls, ceilings,
plumbing, windows); weatherization
projects (e.g., cutting holes in painted
surfaces to install blown-in insulation or
to gain access to attics, planing
thresholds to install weather-stripping),
and interim controls that disturb
painted surfaces. A renovation
performed for the purpose of converting
a building, or part of a building, into
target housing or a child-occupied
facility is a renovation under this
subpart. The term renovation does not
include minor repair and maintenance
activities.
Renovator means an individual who
either performs or directs workers who
perform renovations. A certified
renovator is a renovator who has
successfully completed a renovator
course accredited by EPA or an EPA-
authorized State or Tribal program.
Training hour means at least 50
minutes of actual learning, including,
but not limited to, time devoted to
lecture, learning activities, small group
activities, demonstrations, evaluations,
and hands-on experience.
Wet disposable cleaning cloth means
a commercially available, pre-moistened
white disposable cloth designed to be
used for cleaning hard surfaces such as
uncarpeted floors or counter tops.
Wet mopping system means a device
with the following characteristics: A
long handle, a mop head designed to be
used with disposable absorbent cleaning
pads, a reservoir for cleaning solution,
and a built-in mechanism for
distributing or spraying the cleaning
solution onto a floor, or a method of
equivalent efficacy.
Work area means the area that the
certified renovator establishes to contain
the dust and debris generated by a
renovation.
§745.84 [Removed]
6. Section 745.84 is removed.
§ 745.85 [Redesignated as § 745.84]
7. Section 745.85 is redesignated as
§ 745.84.
8. Newly designated § 745.84 is
amended as follows:
a. Revise the introductory text of
paragraph (a) and revise paragraph
b. Revise the introductory text of
paragraph (b) and revise paragraphs
(b)(2) and (b)(4).
c. Redesignate paragraph (c) as
paragraph (d).
d. Add a new paragraph (c).
e. Revise the introductory text of
newly designated paragraph (d).
§745.84 Information distribution
requirements.
(a) Renovations in dwelling units. No
more than 60 days before beginning
renovation activities in any residential
dwelling unit of target housing, the firm
performing the renovation must:
A A A A A
(2) * * *
(i) Obtain, from the adult occupant, a
written acknowledgment that the
occupant has received the pamphlet; or
certify in writing that a pamphlet has
been delivered to the dwelling and that
the firm performing the renovation has
been unsuccessful in obtaining a written
acknowledgment from an adult
occupant. Such certification must
include the address of the unit
undergoing renovation, the date and
method of delivery of the pamphlet,
names of the persons delivering the
pamphlet, reason for lack of
acknowledgment (e.g., occupant refuses
to sign, no adult occupant available), the
signature of a representative of the firm
performing the renovation, and the date
of signature.
A A A A A
(b) Renovations in common areas. No
more than 60 days before beginning
renovation activities in common areas of
multi-unit target housing, the firm
performing the renovation must:
A A A A A
(2) Comply with one of the following.
(i) Notify in writing, or ensure written
notification of, each affected unit and
make the pamphlet available upon
request prior to the start of renovation.
Such notification shall be accomplished
by distributing written notice to each
affected unit. The notice shall describe
the general nature and locations of the
planned renovation activities; the
expected starting and ending dates; and
a statement of how the occupant can
obtain the pamphlet, at no charge, from
the firm performing the renovation, or
(ii) While the renovation is ongoing,
post informational signs describing the
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21761
general nature and locations of the
renovation and the anticipated
completion date. These signs must be
posted in areas where they are likely to
be seen by the occupants of all of the
affected units. The signs must be
accompanied by a posted copy of the
pamphlet or information on how
interested occupants can review a copy
of the pamphlet or obtain a copy from
the renovation firm at no cost to
occupants.
A A A A A
(4) If the scope, locations, or expected
starting and ending dates of the planned
renovation activities change after the
initial notification, and the firm
provided written initial notification to
each affected unit, the firm performing
the renovation must provide further
written notification to the owners and
occupants providing revised
information on the ongoing or planned
activities. This subsequent notification
must be provided before the firm
performing the renovation initiates work
beyond that which was described in the
original notice.
(c) Renovations in child-occupied
facilities. No more than 60 days before
beginning renovation activities in any
child-occupied facility, the firm
performing the renovation must:
(l)(i) Provide the owner of the
building with the pamphlet, and comply
with one of the following:
(A) Obtain, from the owner, a written
acknowledgment that the owner has
received the pamphlet.
(B) Obtain a certificate of mailing at
least 7 days prior to the renovation.
(ii) If the child-occupied facility is not
the owner of the building, provide an
adult representative of the child-
occupied facility with the pamphlet,
and comply with one of the following:
(A) Obtain, from the adult
representative, a written
acknowledgment that the adult
representative has received the
pamphlet; or certify in writing that a
pamphlet has been delivered to the
facility and that the firm performing the
renovation has been unsuccessful in
obtaining a written acknowledgment
from an adult representative. Such
certification must include the address of
the child-occupied facility undergoing
renovation, the date and method of
delivery of the pamphlet, names of the
persons delivering the pamphlet, reason
for lack of acknowledgment (e.g.,
representative refuses to sign), the
signature of a representative of the firm
performing the renovation, and the date
of signature.
(B) Obtain a certificate of mailing at
least 7 days prior to the renovation.
(2) Provide the parents and guardians
of children using the child-occupied
facility with the pamphlet and
information describing the general
nature and locations of the renovation
and the anticipated completion date by
complying with one of the following:
(i) Mail or hand-deliver the pamphlet
and the renovation information to each
parent or guardian of a child using the
child-occupied facility.
(ii) While the renovation is ongoing,
post informational signs describing the
general nature and locations of the
renovation and the anticipated
completion date. These signs must be
posted in areas where they can be seen
by the parents or guardians of the
children frequenting the child-occupied
facility. The signs must be accompanied
by a posted copy of the pamphlet or
information on how interested parents
or guardians can review a copy of the
pamphlet or obtain a copy from the
renovation firm at no cost to the parents
or guardians.
(3) The renovation firm must prepare,
sign, and date a statement describing the
steps performed to notify all parents and
guardians of the intended renovation
activities and to provide the pamphlet.
(d) Written acknowledgment. The
written acknowledgments required by
paragraphs (a)(l)(i), (a)(2)(i), (b)(l)(i),
(c)(l)(i)(A), and (c)(l)(ii)(A) of this
section must:
A A A A A
9. Section 745.85 is added to subpart
E to read as follows:
§ 745.85 Work practice standards.
(a) Standards for renovation activities.
Renovations must be performed by
certified firms using certified renovators
as directed in § 745.89. The
responsibilities of certified firms are set
forth in § 745.89(d) and the
responsibilities of certified renovators
are set forth in § 745.90(b).
(1) Occupant protection. Firms must
post signs clearly defining the work area
and warning occupants and other
persons not involved in renovation
activities to remain outside of the work
area. To the extent practicable, these
signs must be in the primary language
of the occupants. These signs must be
posted before beginning the renovation
and must remain in place and readable
until the renovation and the post-
renovation cleaning verification have
been completed. If warning signs have
been posted in accordance with 24 CFR
35.1345(b)(2) or 29 CFR 1926.62(m),
additional signs are not required by this
section.
(2) Containing the work area. Before
beginning the renovation, the firm must
isolate the work area so that no dust or
debris leaves the work area while the
renovation is being performed. In
addition, the firm must maintain the
integrity of the containment by ensuring
that any plastic or other impermeable
materials are not torn or displaced, and
taking any other steps necessary to
ensure that no dust or debris leaves the
work area while the renovation is being
performed. The firm must also ensure
that containment is installed in such a
manner that it does not interfere with
occupant and worker egress in an
emergency.
(i) Interior renovations. The firm
must:
(A) Remove all objects from the work
area, including furniture, rugs, and
window coverings, or cover them with
plastic sheeting or other impermeable
material with all seams and edges taped
or otherwise sealed.
(B) Close and cover all ducts opening
in the work area with taped-down
plastic sheeting or other impermeable
material.
(C) Close windows and doors in the
work area. Doors must be covered with
plastic sheeting or other impermeable
material. Doors used as an entrance to
the work area must be covered with
plastic sheeting or other impermeable
material in a manner that allows
workers to pass through while confining
dust and debris to the work area.
(D) Cover the floor surface, including
installed carpet, with taped-down
plastic sheeting or other impermeable
material in the work area 6 feet beyond
the perimeter of surfaces undergoing
renovation or a sufficient distance to
contain the dust, whichever is greater.
(E) Use precautions to ensure that all
personnel, tools, and other items,
including the exteriors of containers of
waste, are free of dust and debris before
leaving the work area.
(ii) Exterior renovations. The firm
must:
(A) Close all doors and windows
within 20 feet of the renovation. On
multi-story buildings, close all doors
and windows within 20 feet of the
renovation on the same floor as the
renovation, and close all doors and
windows on all floors below that are the
same horizontal distance from the
renovation.
(B) Ensure that doors within the work
area that will be used while the job is
being performed are covered with
plastic sheeting or other impermeable
material in a manner that allows
workers to pass through while confining
dust and debris to the work area.
(C) Cover the ground with plastic
sheeting or other disposable
impermeable material extending 10 feet
beyond the perimeter of surfaces
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undergoing renovation or a sufficient
distance to collect falling paint debris,
whichever is greater, unless the
property line prevents 10 feet of such
ground covering.
(D) In certain situations, the
renovation firm must take extra
precautions in containing the work area
to ensure that dust and debris from the
renovation does not contaminate other
buildings or other areas of the property
or migrate to adjacent properties.
(3) Prohibited and restricted practices.
The work practices listed below shall be
prohibited or restricted during a
renovation as follows:
(i) Open-flame burning or torching of
lead-based paint is prohibited.
(ii) The use of machines that remove
lead-based paint through high speed
operation such as sanding, grinding,
power planing, needle gun, abrasive
blasting, or sandblasting, is prohibited
unless such machines are used with
HEPA exhaust control.
(iii) Operating a heat gun on lead-
based paint is permitted only at
temperatures below 1100 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(4) Waste from renovations(i) Waste
from renovation activities must be
contained to prevent releases of dust
and debris before the waste is removed
from the work area for storage or
disposal. If a chute is used to remove
waste from the work area, it must be
covered.
(ii) At the conclusion of each work
day and at the conclusion of the
renovation, waste that has been
collected from renovation activities
must be stored under containment, in an
enclosure, or behind a barrier that
prevents release of dust and debris out
of the work area and prevents access to
dust and debris.
(iii) When the firm transports waste
from renovation activities, the firm must
contain the waste to prevent release of
dust and debris.
(5) Cleaning the work area. After the
renovation has been completed, the firm
must clean the work area until no dust,
debris or residue remains.
(i) Interior and exterior renovations.
The firm must:
(A) Collect all paint chips and debris
and, without dispersing any of it, seal
this material in a heavy-duty bag.
(B) Remove the protective sheeting.
Mist the sheeting before folding it, fold
the dirty side inward, and either tape
shut to seal or seal in heavy-duty bags.
Sheeting used to isolate contaminated
rooms from non-contaminated rooms
must remain in place until after the
cleaning and removal of other sheeting.
Dispose of the sheeting as waste.
(ii) Additional cleaning for interior
renovations. The firm must clean all
objects and surfaces in the work area
and within 2 feet of the work area in the
following manner, cleaning from higher
to lower:
(A) Walls. Clean walls starting at the
ceiling and working down to the floor
by either vacuuming with a HEPA
vacuum or wiping with a damp cloth.
(B) Remaining surfaces. Thoroughly
vacuum all remaining surfaces and
objects in the work area, including
furniture and fixtures, with a HEPA
vacuum. The HEPA vacuum must be
equipped with a beater bar when
vacuuming carpets and rugs.
(C) Wipe all remaining surfaces and
objects in the work area, except for
carpeted or upholstered surfaces, with a
damp cloth. Mop uncarpeted floors
thoroughly, using a mopping method
that keeps the wash water separate from
the rinse water, such as the 2-bucket
mopping method, or using a wet
mopping system.
(b) Standards for post-renovation
cleaning verification(1) Interiors, (i) A
certified renovator must perform a
visual inspection to determine whether
dust, debris or residue is still present. If
dust, debris or residue is present, these
conditions must be removed by re-
cleaning and another visual inspection
must be performed.
(ii) After a successful visual
inspection, a certified renovator must:
(A) Verify that each windowsill in the
work area has been adequately cleaned,
using the following procedure.
(l) Wipe the windowsill with a wet
disposable cleaning cloth that is damp
to the touch. If the cloth matches or is
lighter than the cleaning verification
card, the windowsill has been
adequately cleaned.
(2) If the cloth does not match and is
darker than the cleaning verification
card, re-clean the windowsill as
directed in paragraphs (a)(5)(ii)(B) and
(a)(5)(ii)(C) of this section, then either
use a new cloth or fold the used cloth
in such a way that an unused surface is
exposed, and wipe the surface again. If
the cloth matches or is lighter than the
cleaning verification card, that
windowsill has been adequately
cleaned.
(3) If the cloth does not match and is
darker than the cleaning verification
card, wait for 1 hour or until the surface
has dried completely, whichever is
longer.
(4)After waiting for the windowsill to
dry, wipe the windowsill with a dry
disposable cleaning cloth. After this
wipe, the windowsill has been
adequately cleaned.
(B) Wipe uncarpeted floors and
countertops within the work area with
a wet disposable cleaning cloth. Floors
must be wiped using anapplication
device with a long handle and a head
to which the cloth is attached. The cloth
must remain damp at all times while it
is being used to wipe the surface for
post-renovation cleaning verification. If
the surface within the work area is
greater than 40 square feet, the surface
within the work area must be divided
into roughly equal sections that are each
less than 40 square feet. Wipe each such
section separately with a new wet
disposable cleaning cloth. If the cloth
used to wipe each section of the surface
within the work area matches the
cleaning verification card, the surface
has been adequately cleaned.
(1) If the cloth used to wipe a
particular surface section does not
match the cleaning verification card, re-
clean that section of the surface as
directed in paragraphs (a)(5)(ii)(B) and
(a)(5)(ii)(C) of this section, then use a
new wet disposable cleaning cloth to
wipe that section again. If the cloth
matches the cleaning verification card,
that section of the surface has been
adequately cleaned.
(2) If the cloth used to wipe a
particular surface section does not
match the cleaning verification card
after the surface has been re-cleaned,
wait for 1 hour or until the entire
surface within the work area has dried
completely, whichever is longer.
(3) After waiting for the entire surface
within the work area to dry, wipe each
section of the surface that has not yet
achieved post-renovation cleaning
verification with a dry disposable
cleaning cloth. After this wipe, that
section of the surface has been
adequately cleaned.
(iii) When the work area passes the
post-renovation cleaning verification,
remove the warning signs.
(2) Exteriors. A certified renovator
must perform a visual inspection to
determine whether dust, debris or
residue is still present on surfaces in
and below the work area, including
windowsills and the ground. If dust,
debris or residue is present, these
conditions must be eliminated and
another visual inspection must be
performed. When the area passes the
visual inspection, remove the warning
signs.
(c) Optional dust clearance testing.
Cleaning verification need not be
performed if the contract between the
renovation firm and the person
contracting for the renovation or another
Federal, State, Territorial, Tribal, or
local law or regulation requires:
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21763
(1) The renovation firm to perform
dust clearance sampling at the
conclusion of a renovation covered by
this subpart.
(2) The dust clearance samples are
required to be collected by a certified
inspector, risk assessor or dust sampling
technician.
(3) The renovation firm is required to
re-clean the work area until the dust
clearance sample results are below the
clearance standards in § 745.227(e)(8) or
any applicable State, Territorial, Tribal,
or local standard.
(d) Activities conducted after post-
renovation cleaning verification.
Activities that do not disturb paint, such
as applying paint to walls that have
already been prepared, are not regulated
by this subpart if they are conducted
after post-renovation cleaning
verification has been performed.
10. Section 745.86 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 745.86 Recordkeeping and reporting
requirements.
(a) Firms performing renovations
must retain and, if requested, make
available to EPA all records necessary to
demonstrate compliance with this
subpart for a period of 3 years following
completion of the renovation. This 3-
year retention requirement does not
supersede longer obligations required by
other provisions for retaining the same
documentation, including any
applicable State or Tribal laws or
regulations.
(b) Records that must be retained
pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section
shall include (where applicable):
(1) Reports certifying that a
determination had been made by an
inspector (certified pursuant to either
Federal regulations at § 745.226 or an
EPA-authorized State or Tribal
certification program) that lead-based
paint is not present on the components
affected by the renovation, as described
in§745.82(b)(l).
(2) Signed and dated
acknowledgments of receipt as
described in§ 745.84(a)(l)(i), (a)(2)(i),
(b)(l)(i), (c)(l)(i)(A), and (c)(l)(ii)(A).
(3) Certifications of attempted
delivery as described in § 745.84(a)(2)(i)
and (c)(l)(ii)(A).
(4) Certificates of mailing as described
in § 745.84(a)(l)(ii), (a)(2)(ii), (b)(l)(ii),
(c)(l)(i)(B), and (c)(l)(ii)(B).
(5) Records of notification activities
performed regarding common area
renovations, as described in
§ 745.84(b)(3) and (b)(4), and
renovations in child-occupied facilities,
as described in § 745.84(c)(2).
(6) Any signed and dated statements
received from owner-occupants
documenting that the requirements of
§ 745.85 do not apply. These statements
must include a declaration that the
renovation will occur in the owner's
residence, a declaration that no children
under age 6 reside there, a declaration
that no pregnant woman resides there,
a declaration that the housing is not a
child-occupied facility, the address of
the unit undergoing renovation, the
owner's name, an acknowledgment by
the owner that the work practices to be
used during the renovation will not
necessarily include all of the lead-safe
work practices contained in EPA's
renovation, repair, and painting rule,
the signature of the owner, and the date
of signature. These statements must be
written in the same language as the text
of the renovation contract, if any.
(7) Documentation of compliance
with the requirements of § 745.85,
including documentation that a certified
renovator was assigned to the project,
that the certified renovator provided on-
the-job training for workers used on the
project, that the certified renovator
performed or directed workers who
performed all of the tasks described in
§ 745.85(a), and that the certified
renovator performed the post-renovation
cleaning verification described in
§ 745.85(b). If the renovation firm was
unable to comply with all of the
requirements of this rule due to an
emergency as defined in § 745.82, the
firm must document the nature of the
emergency and the provisions of the
rule that were not followed. This
documentation must include a copy of
the certified renovator's training
certificate, and a certification by the
certified renovator assigned to the
project that:
(i) Training was provided to workers
(topics must be identified for each
worker).
(ii) Warning signs were posted at the
entrances to the work area.
(iii) If test kits were used, that the
specified brand of kits was used at the
specified locations and that the results
were as specified.
(iv) The work area was contained by:
(A) Removing or covering all objects
in the work area (interiors).
(B) Closing and covering all HVAC
ducts in the work area (interiors).
(C) Closing all windows in the work
area (interiors) or closing all windows in
and within 20 feet of the work area
(exteriors).
(D) Closing and sealing all doors in
the work area (interiors) or closing and
sealing all doors in and within 20 feet
of the work area (exteriors).
(E) Covering doors in the work area
that were being used to allow passage
but prevent spread of dust.
(F) Covering the floor surface,
including installed carpet, with taped-
down plastic sheeting or other
impermeable material in the work area
6 feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces
undergoing renovation or a sufficient
distance to contain the dust, whichever
is greater (interiors) or covering the
ground with plastic sheeting or other
disposable impermeable material
anchored to the building extending 10
feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces
undergoing renovation or a sufficient
distance to collect falling paint debris,
whichever is greater, unless the
property line prevents 10 feet of such
ground covering, weighted down by
heavy objects (exteriors).
(G) Installing (if necessary) vertical
containment to prevent migration of
dust and debris to adjacent property
(exteriors).
(v) Waste was contained on-site and
while being transported off-site.
(vi) The work area was properly
cleaned after the renovation by:
(A) Picking up all chips and debris,
misting protective sheeting, folding it
dirty side inward, and taping it for
removal.
(B) Cleaning the work area surfaces
and objects using a HEPA vacuum and/
or wet cloths or mops (interiors).
(vii) The certified renovator
performed the post-renovation cleaning
verification (the results of which must
be briefly described, including the
number of wet and dry cloths used).
(c) When test kits are used, the
renovation firm must, within 30 days of
the completion of the renovation,
provide identifying information as to
the manufacturer and model of the test
kits used, a description of the
components that were tested including
their locations, and the test kit results to
the person who contracted for the
renovation.
(d) If dust clearance sampling is
performed in lieu of cleaning
verification as permitted by § 745.85(c),
the renovation firm must provide,
within 30 days of the completion of the
renovation, a copy of the dust sampling
report to the person who contracted for
the renovation.
11. Section 745.87 is amended by
revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:
§745.87 Enforcement and inspections.
A A A A A
(e) Lead-based paint is assumed to be
present at renovations covered by this
subpart. EPA may conduct inspections
and issue subpoenas pursuant to the
provisions of TSCA section 11 (15
U.S.C. 2610) to ensure compliance with
this subpart.
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12. Section 745.£
as follows:
[ is revised to read
§ 745.88 Recognized test kits.
(a) Effective lime 23, 2008, EPA
recognizes the test kits that have been
determined by National Institute of
Standards and Technology research to
meet the negative response criteria
described in paragraph (c)(l) of this
section. This recognition will last until
EPA publicizes its recognition of the
first test kit that meets both the negative
response and positive response criteria
in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) No other test kits will be
recognized until they are tested through
EPA's Environmental Technology
Verification Program or other equivalent
EPA approved testing program.
(1) Effective September 1, 2008, to
initiate the testing process, a test kit
manufacturer must submit a sufficient
number of kits, along with the
instructions for using the kits, to EPA.
The test kit manufacturer should first
visit the following website for
information on where to apply.http://
www.epa.gov/etv/howtoapply.html.
(2) After the kit has been tested
through the Environmental Technology
Verification Program or other equivalent
approved EPA testing program, EPA
will review? the report to determine
whether the required criteria have been
met.
(3) Before September 1, 2010, test kits
must meet only the negative response
criteria in paragraph (c)(l) of this
section. The recognition of kits that
meet only this criteria will last until
EPA publicizes its recognition of the
first test kits that meets both of the
criteria in paragraph (c) of this section.
(4) After September 1, 2010, test kits
must meet both of the criteria in
paragraph (c) of this section.
(5) If the report demonstrates that the
kit meets the required criteria, EPA will
issue a notice of recognition to the kit
manufacturer, provide them with the
report, and post the information on
EPA's website.
(6) If the report demonstrates that the
kit does not meet the required criteria,
EPA will notify the kit manufacturer
and provide them with the report.
(c) Response criteria(1) Negative
response criteria. For paint containing
lead at or above the regulated level, 1.0
mg/cm2 or 0.5% by weight, a
demonstrated probability (with 95%
confidence) of a negative response less
than or equal to 5% of the time.
(2) Positive response criteria. For
paint containing lead below the
regulated level, 1.0 mg/cm2 or 0.5% by
weight, a demonstrated probability
(with 95% confidence) of a positive
response less than or equal to 10% of
the time.
13. Section 745.89 is added to subpart
E to read as follows:
§745.89 Firm certification.
(a) Initial certification. (1) Firms that
perform renovations for compensation
must apply to EPA for certification to
perform renovations or dust sampling.
To apply, a firm must submit to EPA a
completed "Application for Firms,"
signed by an authorized agent of the
firm, and pay at least the correct amount
of fees. If a firm pays more than the
correct amount of fees, EPA will
reimburse the firm for the excess
amount.
(2) After EPA receives a firm's
application, EPA will take one of the
following actions within 90 days of the
date the application is received:
(i) EPA will approve a firm's
application if EPA determines that it is
complete and that the environmental
compliance history of the firm, its
principals, or its key employees does
not show an unwillingness or inability
to maintain compliance with
environmental statutes or regulations.
An application is complete if it contains
all of the information requested on the
form and includes at least the correct
amount of fees. When EPA approves a
firm's application, EPA will issue the
firm a certificate with an expiration date
not more than 5 years from the date the
application is approved. EPA
certification allows the firm to perform
renovations covered by this section in
any State or Indian Tribal area that does
not have a renovation program that is
authorized under subpart Q of this part.
(ii) EPA will request a firm to
supplement its application if EPA
determines that the application is
incomplete. If EPA requests a firm to
supplement its application, the firm
must submit the requested information
or pay the additional fees within 30
days of the date of the request.
(iii) EPA will not approve a firm's
application if the firm does not
supplement its application in
accordance with paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of
this section or if EPA determines that
the environmental compliance history
of the firm, its principals, or its key
employees demonstrates an
unwillingness or inability to maintain
compliance with environmental statutes
or regulations. EPA will send the firm
a letter giving the reason for not
approving the application. EPA will not
refund the application fees. A firm may
reapply for certification at any time by
filing a new, complete application that
includes the correct amount of fees.
(b) Re-certification. To maintain its
certification, a firm must be re-certified
by EPA every 5 years.
(1) Timely and complete application.
To be re-certified, a firm must submit a
complete application for re-certification.
A complete application for re-
certification includes a completed
"Application for Firms" which contains
all of the information requested by the
form and is signed by an authorized
agent of the firm, noting on the form
that it is submitted as a re-certification.
A complete application must also
include at least the correct amount of
fees. If a firm pays more than the correct
amount of fees, EPA will reimburse the
firm for the excess amount.
(i) An application for re-certification
is timely if it is postmarked 90 days or
more before the date the firm's current
certification expires. If the firm's
application is complete and timely, the
firm's current certification will remain
in effect until its expiration date or until
EPA has made a final decision to
approve or disapprove the re-
certification application, whichever is
later.
(ii) If the firm submits a complete re-
certification application less than 90
days before its current certification
expires, and EPA does not approve the
application before the expiration date,
the firm's current certification will
expire and the firm will not be able to
conduct renovations until EPA approves
its re-certification application.
(iii) If the firm fails to obtain
recertification before the firm's current
certification expires, the firm must not
perform renovations or dust sampling
until it is certified anew pursuant to
paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) EPA action on an application.
After EPA receives a firm's application
for re-certification, EPA will review? the
application and take one of the
following actions within 90 days of
receipt:
(i) EPA will approve a firm's
application if EPA determines that it is
timely and complete and that the
environmental compliance history of
the firm, its principals, or its key
employees does not show an
unwillingness or inability to maintain
compliance with environmental statutes
or regulations. When EPA approves a
firm's application for re-certification,
EPA will issue the firm a new? certificate
with an expiration date 5 years from the
date that the firm's current certification
expires. EPA certification allows the
firm to perform renovations or dust
sampling covered by this section in any
State or Indian Tribal area that does not
have a renovation program that is
authorized under subpart Q of this part.
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21765
(ii) EPA will request a firm to
supplement its application if EPA
determines that the application is
incomplete.
(iii) EPA will not approve a firm's
application if it is not received or is not
complete as of the date that the firm's
current certification expires, or if EPA
determines that the environmental
compliance history of the firm, its
principals, or its key employees
demonstrates an unwillingness or
inability to maintain compliance with
environmental statutes or regulations.
EPA will send the firm a letter giving
the reason for not approving the
application. EPA will not refund the
application fees. A firm may reapply for
certification at any time by filing a new
application and paying the correct
amount of fees.
(c) Amendment of certification. A
firm must amend its certification within
90 days of the date a change occurs to
information included in the firm's most
recent application. If the firm fails to
amend its certification within 90 days of
the date the change occurs, the firm may
not perform renovations or dust
sampling until its certification is
amended.
(1) To amend a certification, a firm
must submit a completed "Application
for Firms," signed by an authorized
agent of the firm, noting on the form
that it is submitted as an amendment
and indicating the information that has
changed. The firm must also pay at least
the correct amount of fees.
(2) If additional information is needed
to process the amendment, or the firm
did not pay the correct amount of fees,
EPA will request the firm to submit the
necessary information or fees. The
firm's certification is not amended until
the firm complies with the request.
(3) Amending a certification does not
affect the certification expiration date.
(d) Firm responsibilities. Firms
performing renovations must ensure
that:
(l) All individuals performing
renovation activities on behalf of the
firm are either certified renovators or
have been trained by a certified
renovator in accordance with § 745.90.
(2) A certified renovator is assigned to
each renovation performed by the firm
and discharges all of the certified
renovator responsibilities identified in
§745.90.
(3) All renovations performed by the
firm are performed in accordance with
the work practice standards in § 745.85.
(4) The pre-renovation education
requirements of § 745.84 have been
performed.
(5) The recordkeeping requirements of
§ 745.86 are met.
14. Section 745.90 is added to subpart
E to read as follows:
§ 745.90 Renovator certification and dust
sampling technician certification.
(a) Renovator certification and dust
sampling technician certification. (1) To
become a certified renovator or certified
dust sampling technician, an individual
must successfully complete the
appropriate course accredited by EPA
under § 745.225 or by a State or Tribal
program that is authorized under
subpart Q of this part. The course
completion certificate serves as proof of
certification. EPA renovator certification
allows the certified individual to
perform renovations covered by this
section in any State or Indian Tribal
area that does not have a renovation
program that is authorized under
subpart Q of this part. EPA dust
sampling technician certification allows
the certified individual to perform dust
clearance sampling under § 745.85(c) in
any State or Indian Tribal area that does
not have a renovation program that is
authorized under subpart Q of this part.
(2) Individuals who have successfully
completed an accredited abatement
worker or supervisor course, or
individuals who have successfully
completed an EPA, HUD, or EPA/HUD
model renovation training course may
take an accredited refresher renovator
training course in lieu of the initial
renovator training course to become a
certified renovator.
(3) Individuals who have successfully
completed an accredited lead-based
paint inspector or risk assessor course
may take an accredited refresher dust
sampling technician course in lieu of
the initial training to become a certified
dust sampling technician.
(4) To maintain renovator certification
or dust sampling technician
certification, an individual must
complete a renovator or dust sampling
technician refresher course accredited
by EPA under § 745.225 or by a State or
Tribal program that is authorized under
subpart Q of this part within 5 years of
the date the individual completed the
initial course described in paragraph
(a)(l) of this section. If the individual
does not complete a refresher course
within this time, the individual must re-
take the initial course to become
certified again.
(b) Renovator responsibilities.
Certified renovators are responsible for
ensuring compliance with § 745.85 at all
renovations to which they are assigned.
A certified renovator:
(l) Must perform all of the tasks
described in § 745.85(b) and must either
perform or direct workers who perform
all of the tasks described in § 745.85(a).
(2) Must provide training to workers
on the work practices they will be using
in performing their assigned tasks.
(3) Must be physically present at the
work site when the signs required by
§ 745.85(a)(l) are posted, while the work
area containment required by
§ 745.85(a)(2) is being established, and
while the work area cleaning required
by § 745.85(a)(5) is performed.
(4) Must regularly direct work being
performed by other individuals to
ensure that the work practices are being
followed, including maintaining the
integrity of the containment barriers and
ensuring that dust or debris does not
spread beyond the work area.
(5) Must be available, either on-site or
by telephone, at all times that
renovations are being conducted.
(6) When requested by the party
contracting for renovation services,
must use an acceptable test kit to
determine whether components to be
affected by the renovation contain lead-
based paint.
(7) Must have with them at the work
site copies of their initial course
completion certificate and their most
recent refresher course completion
certificate.
(8) Must prepare the records required
by § 745.86(b)(7).
(c) Dust sampling technician
responsibilities. When performing
optional dust clearance sampling under
§ 745.85(c), a certified dust sampling
technician:
(1) Must collect dust samples in
accordance with § 745.227(e)(8), must
send the collected samples to a
laboratory recognized by EPA under
TSCA section 405(b), and must compare
the results to the clearance levels in
accordance with § 745.227(e)(8).
(2) Must have with them at the work
site copies of their initial course
completion certificate and their most
recent refresher course completion
certificate.
15. Section 745.91 is added to subpart
E to read as follows:
§745.91 Suspending, revoking, or
modifying an individual's or firm's
certification.
(a)(l) Grounds for suspending,
revoking, or modifying an individual's
certification. EPA may suspend, revoke,
or modify an individual's certification if
the individual fails to comply with
Federal lead-based paint statutes or
regulations. EPA may also suspend,
revoke, or modify a certified renovator's
certification if the renovator fails to
ensure that all assigned renovations
comply with § 745.85. In addition to an
administrative or judicial finding of
violation, execution of a consent
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agreement in settlement of an
enforcement action constitutes, for
purposes of this section, evidence of a
failure to comply with relevant statutes
or regulations.
(2) Grounds for suspending, revoking,
or modifying a firm's certification. EPA
may suspend, revoke, or modify a firm's
certification if the firm:
(i) Submits false or misleading
information to EPA in its application for
certification or re-certification.
(ii) Fails to maintain or falsifies
records required in § 745.86.
(iii) Fails to comply, or an individual
performing a renovation on behalf of the
firm fails to comply, with Federal lead-
based paint statutes or regulations. In
addition to an administrative or judicial
finding of violation, execution of a
consent agreement in settlement of an
enforcement action constitutes, for
purposes of this section, evidence of a
failure to comply with relevant statutes
or regulations.
(b) Process for suspending, revoking,
or modifying certification. (I) Prior to
taking action to suspend, revoke, or
modify an individual's or firm's
certification, EPA will notify the
affected entity in writing of the
following:
(i) The legal and factual basis for the
proposed suspension, revocation, or
modification.
(ii) The anticipated commencement
date and duration of the suspension,
revocation, or modification.
(iii) Actions, if any, which the
affected entity may take to avoid
suspension, revocation, or modification,
or to receive certification in the future.
(iv) The opportunity and method for
requesting a hearing prior to final
suspension, revocation, or modification.
(2) If an individual or firm requests a
hearing, EPA will:
(i) Provide the affected entity an
opportunity to offer written statements
in response to EPA's assertions of the
legal and factual basis for its proposed
action.
(ii) Appoint an impartial official of
EPA as Presiding Officer to conduct the
hearing.
(3) The Presiding Officer will:
(i) Conduct a fair, orderly, and
impartial hearing within 90 days of the
request for a hearing.
(ii) Consider all relevant evidence,
explanation, comment, and argument
submitted.
(iii) Notify the affected entity in
writing within 90 days of completion of
the hearing of his or her decision and
order. Such an order is a final agency
action which may be subject to judicial
review?. The order must contain the
commencement date and duration of the
suspension, revocation, or modification.
(4) If EPA determines that the public
health, interest, or welfare warrants
immediate action to suspend the
certification of any individual or firm
prior to the opportunity for a hearing, it
will:
(i) Notify the affected entity in
accordance with paragraph (b)(l)(i)
through (b)(l)(iii) of this section,
explaining why it is necessary to
suspend the entity's certification before
an opportunity for a hearing.
(ii) Notify the affected entity of its
right to request a hearing on the
immediate suspension within 15 days of
the suspension taking place and the
procedures for the conduct of such a
hearing.
(5) Any notice, decision, or order
issued by EPA under this section, any
transcript or other verbatim record of
oral testimony, and any documents filed
by a certified individual or firm in a
hearing under this section will be
available to the public, except as
otherwise provided by section 14 of
TSCA or by part 2 of this title. Any such
hearing at which oral testimony is
presented will be open to the public,
except that the Presiding Officer may
exclude the public to the extent
necessary to allow presentation of
information which may be entitled to
confidential treatment under section 14
of TSCA or part 2 of this title.
(6) EPA will maintain a publicly
available list of entities whose
certification has been suspended,
revoked, modified, or reinstated.
(7) Unless the decision and order
issued under paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this
section specify otherwise:
(i) An individual whose certification
has been suspended must take a
refresher training course (renovator or
dust sampling technician) in order to
make his or her certification current.
(ii) An individual whose certification
has been revoked must take an initial
renovator or dust sampling technician
course in order to become certified
again.
(iii) A firm whose certification has
been revoked must reapply for
certification after the revocation ends in
order to become certified again. If the
firm's certification has been suspended
and the suspension ends less than 5
years after the firm was initially
certified or re-certified, the firm does
not need to do anything to re-activate its
certification.
16. Section 745.220 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
§ 745.220 Scope and applicability.
(a) This subpart contains procedures
and requirements for the accreditation
of training programs for lead-based
paint activities and renovations,
procedures and requirements for the
certification of individuals and firms
engaged in lead-based paint activities,
and work practice standards for
performing such activities. This subpart
also requires that, except as discussed
below, all lead-based paint activities, as
defined in this subpart, be performed by
certified individuals and firms.
A A A A A
17. Section 745.225 is amended as
follows:
a. Revise paragraph (a).
b. Revise the introductory text of
paragraph (b), revise paragraph (b)(l)(ii),
and add paragraph (b)(l)(iv)(C).
c. Revise the introductory text of
paragraph (c), add paragraphs (c)(6)(vi),
(c)(6)(vii), (c)(8)(vi), and (c)(8)(vii), and
revise paragraphs (c)(8)(iv) and (c)(10).
d. Remove the phrase "lead-based
paint activities" and add in its place the
phrase "renovator, dust sampling
technician, or lead-based paint
activities" wherever it appears in
paragraph (c)(13).
e. Add paragraph (c)(14)(ii)(D)(6).
f. Add paragraphs (d)(6) and (d)(7).
g. Revise the introductory text of
paragraph (e).
h. Remove the word "activities"
wherever it appears in paragraph (e)(l).
i. Revise paragraph (e)(2).
§ 745.225 Accreditation of training
programs; target housing and child-
occupied facilities.
(a) Scope. (1) A training program may
seek accreditation to offer courses in
any of the following disciplines:
Inspector, risk assessor, supervisor,
project designer, abatement worker,
renovator, and dust sampling
technician. A training program may also
seek accreditation to offer refresher
courses for each of the above listed
disciplines.
(2) Training programs may first apply
to EPA for accreditation of their lead-
based paint activities courses or
refresher courses pursuant to this
section on or after August 31, 1998.
Training programs may first apply to
EPA for accreditation of their renovator
or dust sampling technician courses or
refresher courses pursuant to this
section on or after April 22, 2009.
(3) A training program must not
provide, offer, or claim to provide EPA-
accredited lead-based paint activities
courses without applying for and
receiving accreditation from EPA as
required under paragraph (b) of this
section on or after March 1, 1999. A
training program must not provide,
offer, or claim to provide EPA-
accredited renovator or dust sampling
technician courses without applying for
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Federal Register/Vol. 73, No. 78/Tuesday, April 22, 2008/Rules and Regulations
21767
and receiving accreditation from EPA as
required under paragraph (b) of this
section on or after June 23, 2008.
(b) Application process. The
following are procedures a training
program must follow to receive EPA
accreditation to offer lead-based paint
activities courses, renovator courses, or
dust sampling technician courses:
(1) * * *
(ii) A list of courses for which it is
applying for accreditation. For the
purposes of this section, courses taught
in different languages are considered
different courses, and each must
independently meet the accreditation
requirements.
A A A A A
(iv) * * *
(C) When applying for accreditation of
a course in a language other than
English, a signed statement from a
qualified, independent translator that
they had compared the course to the
English language version and found the
translation to be accurate.
A A A A A
(c) Requirements for the accreditation
of training programs. For a training
program to obtain accreditation from
EPA to offer lead-based paint activities
courses, renovator courses, or dust
sampling technician courses, the
program must meet the following
requirements:
A A A A A
(6) * * *
(vi) The renovator course must last a
minimum of 8 training hours, with a
minimum of 2 hours devoted to hands-
on training activities. The minimum
curriculum requirements for the
renovator course are contained in
paragraph (d)(6) of this section. Hands-
on training activities must cover
renovation methods that minimize the
creation of dust and lead-based paint
hazards, interior and exterior
containment and cleanup methods, and
post-renovation cleaning verification.
(vii) The dust sampling technician
course must last a minimum of 8
training hours, with a minimum of 2
hours devoted to hands-on training
activities. The minimum curriculum
requirements for the dust sampling
technician course are contained in
paragraph (d)(7) of this section. Hands-
on training activities must cover dust
sampling methodologies.
A A A A A
(8) * * *
(iv) For initial inspector, risk assessor,
project designer, supervisor, or
abatement worker course completion
certificates, the expiration date of
interim certification, which is 6 months
from the date of course completion.
A A A A A
(vi) The language in which the course
was taught.
(vii) For renovator and dust sampling
technician course completion
certificates, a photograph of the
individual.
A A A A A
(10) Courses offered by the training
program must teach the work practice
standards contained in § 745.85 or
§ 745.227, as applicable, in such a
manner that trainees are provided with
the knowledge needed to perform the
renovations or lead-based paint
activities they will be responsible for
conducting.
A A A A A
(14) * * *
(ii) * * *
(D) * * *
(6) A digital photograph of the
student.
(d) * * *
(6) Renovator, (i) Role and
responsibility of a renovator.
(ii) Background information on lead
and its adverse health effects.
(iii) Background information on EPA,
HUD, OSHA, and other Federal, State,
and local regulations and guidance that
pertains to lead-based paint and
renovation activities.
(iv) Procedures for using acceptable
test kits to determine whether paint is
lead-based paint.
(v) Renovation methods to minimize
the creation of dust and lead-based
paint hazards.
(vi) Interior and exterior containment
and cleanup methods.
(vii) Methods to ensure that the
renovation has been properly
completed, including cleaning
verification, and clearance testing.
(viii) Waste handling and disposal.
(ix) Providing on-the-job training to
other workers.
(x) Record preparation.
(7) Dust sampling technician, (i) Role
and responsibility of a dust sampling
technician.
(ii) Background information on lead
and its adverse health effects.
(iii) Background information on
Federal, State, and local regulations and
guidance that pertains to lead-based
paint and renovation activities.
(iv) Dust sampling methodologies.
(v) Clearance standards and testing.
(vi) Report preparation.
A A A A A
(e) Requirements for the accreditation
of refresher training programs. A
training program may seek accreditation
to offer refresher training courses in any
of the following disciplines: Inspector,
risk assessor, supervisor, project
designer, abatement worker, renovator,
and dust sampling technician. To obtain
EPA accreditation to offer refresher
training, a training program must meet
the following minimum requirements:
A A A A A
(2) Refresher courses for inspector,
risk assessor, supervisor, and abatement
worker must last a minimum of 8
training hours. Refresher courses for
project designer, renovator, and dust
sampling technician must last a
minimum of 4 training hours.
A A A A A
18. Section 745.320 is amended by
revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§745.320 Scope and purpose.
A A A A A
(c) A State or Indian Tribe may seek
authorization to administer and enforce
all of the provisions of subpart E of this
part, just the pre-renovation education
provisions of subpart E of this part, or
just the training, certification,
accreditation, and work practice
provisions of subpart E of this part. The
provisions of §§ 745.324 and 745.326
apply for the purposes of such program
authorizations.
A A A A A
19. Section 745.324 is amended as
follows:
a. Revise paragraph (a)(l).
b. Remove the phrase "lead-based
paint training accreditation and
certification" from the second sentence
of paragraph (b)(l)(iii).
c. Revise paragraph (b)(2)(ii).
d. Revise paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and
e. Revise paragraph (f)(2).
f. Revise paragraph (i)(8).
§ 745.324 Authorization of State or Tribal
programs.
(a) Application content and
procedures. (1) Any State or Indian
Tribe that seeks authorization from EPA
to administer and enforce the provisions
of subpart E or subpart L of this part
must submit an application to the
Administrator in accordance with this
paragraph.
A A A A A
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(ii) An analysis of the State or Tribal
program that compares the program to
the Federal program in subpart E or
subpart L of this part, or both. This
analysis must demonstrate how the
program is, in the State's or Indian
Tribe's assessment, at least as protective
as the elements in the Federal program
at subpart E or subpart L of this part, or
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21768
Federal Register/Vol. 73, No. 78/Tuesday, April 22, 2008/Rules and Regulations
both. EPA will use this analysis to
evaluate the protectiveness of the State
or Tribal program in making its
determination pursuant to paragraph
(e)(2)(i) of this section.
A A A A A
(e) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) The State or Tribal program is at
least as protective of human health and
the environment as the corresponding
Federal program under subpart E or
subpart L of this part, or both; and
A A A A A
(4) If the State or Indian Tribe applies
for authorization of State or Tribal
programs under both subpart E and
subpart L, EPA may, as appropriate,
authorize one program and disapprove
the other.
A A A A A
(f) * * *
(2) If a State or Indian Tribe does not
have an authorized program to
administer and enforce the pre-
renovation education requirements of
subpart E of this part by August 31,
1998, the Administrator will, by such
date, enforce those provisions of subpart
E of this part as the Federal program for
that State or Indian Country. If a State
or Indian Tribe does not have an
authorized program to administer and
enforce the training, certification and
accreditation requirements and work
practice standards of subpart E of this
part by April 22, 2009, the
Administrator will, by such date,
enforce those provisions of subpart E of
this part as the Federal program for that
State or Indian Country.
(8) By the date of such order, the
Administrator will establish and enforce
the provisions of subpart E or subpart L
of this part, or both, as the Federal
program for that State or Indian
Country.
20. Section 745.326 is revised to read
as follows:
§745.326 Renovation: State and Tribal
program requirements.
(a) Program elements. To receive
authorization from EPA, a State or
Tribal program must contain the
following program elements:
(1) For pre-renovation education
programs, procedures and requirements
for the distribution of lead hazard
information to owners and occupants of
target housing and child-occupied
facilities before renovations for
compensation.
(2) For renovation training,
certification, accreditation, and work
practice standards programs:
(i) Procedures and requirements for
the accreditation of renovation and dust
sampling technician training programs.
(ii) Procedures and requirements for
the certification of renovators and dust
sampling technicians.
(iii) Procedures and requirements for
the certification of individuals and/or
firms.
(iv) Requirements that all renovations
be conducted by appropriately certified
individuals and/or firms.
(v) Work practice standards for the
conduct of renovations.
(3) For all renovation programs,
development of the appropriate
infrastructure or government capacity to
effectively carry out a State or Tribal
program.
(b) Pre-renovation education. To be
considered at least as protective as the
Federal program, the State or Tribal
program must:
(1) Establish clear standards for
identifying renovation activities that
trigger the information distribution
requirements.
(2) Establish procedures for
distributing the lead hazard information
to owners and occupants of housing and
child-occupied facilities prior to
renovation activities.
(3) Require that the information to be
distributed include either the pamphlet
titled Renovate Right: Important Lead
Hazard Information for Families, Child
Care Providers and Schools, developed
by EPA under section 406(a) of TSCA,
or an alternate pamphlet or package of
lead hazard information that has been
submitted by the State or Tribe,
reviewed by EPA, and approved by EPA
for that State or Tribe. Such information
must contain renovation-specific
information similar to that in Renovate
Right: Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families, Child Care
Providers and Schools, must meet the
content requirements prescribed by
section 406(a) of TSCA, and must be in
a format that is readable to the diverse
audience of housing and child-occupied
facility owners and occupants in that
State or Tribe.
(i) A State or Tribe with a pre-
renovation education program approved
before June 23, 2008, must demonstrate
that it meets the requirements of this
section no later than the first report that
it submits pursuant to § 745.324(h) on or
after April 22, 2009.
(ii) A State or Tribe with an
application for approval of a pre-
renovation education program
submitted but not approved before June
23, 2008, must demonstrate that it meets
the requirements of this section either
by amending its application or in the
first report that it submits pursuant
to§ 745.324(h) of this part on or after
April 22, 2009.
(iii) A State or Indian Tribe
submitting its application for approval
of a pre-renovation education program
on or after June 23, 2008, must
demonstrate in its application that it
meets the requirements of this section.
(c) Accreditation of training programs.
To be considered at least as protective
as the Federal program, the State or
Tribal program must meet the
requirements of either paragraph (c)(l)
or (c)(2) of this section:
(1) The State or Tribal program must
establish accreditation procedures and
requirements, including:
(i) Procedures and requirements for
the accreditation of training programs,
including, but not limited to:
(A) Training curriculum
requirements.
(B) Training hour requirements.
(C) Hands-on training requirements.
(D) Trainee competency and
proficiency requirements.
(E) Requirements for training program
quality control.
(ii) Procedures and requirements for
the re-accreditation of training
programs.
(iii) Procedures for the oversight of
training programs.
(iv) Procedures and standards for the
suspension, revocation, or modification
of training program accreditations; or
(2) The State or Tribal program must
establish procedures and requirements
for the acceptance of renovation training
offered by training providers accredited
by EPA or a State or Tribal program
authorized by EPA under this subpart.
(d) Certification of renovators. To be
considered at least as protective as the
Federal program, the State or Tribal
program must:
(1) Establish procedures and
requirements for individual certification
that ensure that certified renovators are
trained by an accredited training
program.
(2) Establish procedures and
requirements for re-certification.
(3) Establish procedures for the
suspension, revocation, or modification
of certifications.
(e) Work practice standards for
renovations. To be considered at least as
protective as the Federal program, the
State or Tribal program must establish
standards that ensure that renovations
are conducted reliably, effectively, and
safely. At a minimum, the State or
Tribal program must contain the
following requirements:
(1) Renovations must be conducted
only by certified contractors.
(2) Renovations are conducted using
lead-safe work practices that are at least
-------
Apendice 2:
Requisites del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo de los Estados Unidos (HUD)
-------
Requisites adicionales de empresas de renovacion y renovadores certificados por la EPA sobre
la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
Por lo comun, la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo de los Estados Unidos sobre viviendas sin
plomo (HUD LSHR, por sus siglas en ingles; que corresponde al Codigo de Regulacion Federal 24, Parte 35,
subpartes B a M del HUD) se aplica a trabajos efectuados en las unidades de viviendas de interes que reciben
ayuda para la vivienda de parte del HUD, por ejemplo, asistencia con fines de rehabilitacion o adquisicion.
De conformidad con la regla de la vivienda sin plomo, quienes participan en el programa (jurisdiccion
gubernamental, organizaciones comunitarias sin fines de lucro o propietarios que aceptan fondos del HUD)
asumen la responsabilidad de cumplir con la regla de la vivienda sin plomo y pasan a denominarse partes
designadas (DP, por sus siglas en ingles). Entre las empresas de renovacion se cuentan contratistas
comerciales, organizaciones sin fines de lucro o partes designadas que usan a sus propios empleados para
ejecutar la renovacion. Con el fin de mantener una buena relacion con el cliente, las empresas de renovacion
certificadas deben aclarar:
1) Si el trabajo requiere control de peligros por plomo (tales como reduccion, control provisional de
peligros por plomo o mantenimiento continuo de pintura a base de plomo), y
2) Si la vivienda recibe ayuda financiera. Si es asi, el renovador debe pedir al cliente que averigiie si se
trata de asistencia federal.
La mayoria de los clientes sabra agradecer estas consultas, para asi no infringir las reglas del HUD o de la
EPA. Visite el sitio www.hud.gov/offices/lead/enforcement/lshr.cfm para obtener mas informacion al respecto.
La informacion siguiente y el contenido de la tabla permiten explicar los requisites basicos del reglamento del
HUD que debe cumplir un renovador sin experiencia previa en trabajos con fondos del HUD. En el HUD el
termino "rehabilitacion" se utiliza para describir el trabajo de renovacion residencial. Cuando este se paga con
fondos del HUD, es frecuente que el financiamiento se canalice desde el HUD hacia las ciudades, los estados y
otros participes del programa, y que el tratamiento de superficies con pintura a base de plomo se convierta en
una rutina del trabajo. Los requisites especificos del HUD dependen de la cantidad de ayuda federal que
recibira el proyecto para rehabilitacion:
1) Hasta $5.000 por unidad: Metodo de "no causar dano". Los requisites de seguridad con el plomo solo
contemplan las superficies que seran alteradas. Los participes del programa pueden escoger entre
someter estas superficies a pruebas para determinar si contienen pintura a base de plomo o suponer
que efectivamente es asi. En los trabajos que alteran las superficies con pintura a base de plomo, o que
se cree que contienen plomo, mediante las practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomo y al final del
trabajo se realiza una aprobacion de la obra (a menos que se trate de un proyecto muy pequeno a
escala "de minimis"), con el proposito de confirmar la ausencia de peligros por polvo con plomo en el
area de trabajo. Para ejecutar este trabajo, basta con una capacitacion segun los requisites de la regla
RRP de la EPA.
2) Mas $5.000 y hasta $25.000 por unidad: Identificacion y control de peligros por plomo. Identifique
todos los peligros por plomo en las unidades afectadas y en las areas comunes que sirven a dichas
unidades mediante una evaluacion de riesgos por pintura a base de plomo. Contenga los peligros con
controles provisionales. Los participantes pueden omitir la evaluacion de riegos y suponer que estan
presentes todos los riesgos potenciales por plomo para posteriormente emplear los tratamientos
estandar que permitan abordarlos. Ademas de una capacitacion que cumpla con los requisites de la
regla RRP de la EPA, los renovadores y trabaj adores deben contar con una capacitacion sobre
controles provisionales aprobada por el HUD (tal como el programa RRP de HUD/EPA).
3) Superior a $25,000 por unidad: Identificacion y reduccion de peligros por plomo. Identifique todos los
peligros por plomo en la propiedad mediante una evaluacion de riesgos y luego reduzcalos. Los
participantes pueden omitir la evaluacion de riegos y suponer que estan presentes todos los potenciales
Requisites adicionales del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo 9 de febrero
A2-1
-------
Requisites adicionales de empresas de renovacion y renovadores certificados por la EPA sobre
la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
riesgos por plomo para reducirlos. Este enfoque requiere que la reduccion sea efectuada por
contratistas certificados en reduccion.
Estos metodos tambien consideran los requisites basicos del HUD descritos en las presentaciones del modulo
2. Alii se demuestra con claridad la importancia de que un renovador averigiie con el cliente si el proyecto
cuenta con ayuda federal para la vivienda.
La tabla siguiente resume las diferencias que existen entre la regla del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo y el
reglamento de Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura (RRP) de la Agencia de Proteccion Ambiental (EPA), asi
como los reglamentos de la EPA correspondientes al Codigo de Regulacion Federal 40, Parte 745 y los
cambios en los proyectos del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo. Despues de la tabla hay una explication de la
misma:
Diferencias entre el reglamento del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo y el reglamento RRP de
la EPA
Etapa del
trabajo
Planificacion
a instalacion
Requisite
Determination
de la presencia
de pintura a base
de plomo (LBP,
por sus siglas en
ingles).
LSHR del HUD
No se pueden
emplear juegos de
pruebas
reconocidos por la
EPA para concluir
que la pintura no es
LBP. Solo un
inspector o un
asesor de riesgos
con certification en
LBP puede
determinar si hay
LBP.
RRP de la EPA
Los renovadores
certificados usan un
juego de pruebas
reconocido por la
EPA para
determinar si se
aplica o no la regla
RRP.
Cambios en los
proyectos LSHR
para cumplir la
regla RRP
Ninguno.
Requisites adicionales del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo
A2-2
9 de febrero
-------
Requisites adicionales de empresas de renovacion y renovadores certificados por la EPA sobre
la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
Etapa del
trabajo
Requisite
Capacitacion
Educacion previa
a la renovacion
LSHR del HUD
El HUD no
certifica a
renovadores o
empresas. Todos
los trabaj adores y
supervisores deben
completar un
programa sobre
practicas seguras
para trabaj ar con el
plomo aprobado
por el HUD, salvo
que los
renovadores no
certificados solo
necesiten una
capacitacion en el
trabajo al estar
supervisados por
un supervisor
certificado en
reduccion de LBP
que tambien sea un
renovador
certificado.
El HUD exige el
cumplimiento de
los reglamentos de
la EPA, incluida la
regla de la EPA
sobre entrega de
informacion antes
de una renovacion.
La EPA requiere
que los
renovadores
distribuyan el
folleto Proteja a su
familia del plomo
de la casa (regla
sobre difusion en
torno al plomo)
producido por
EPA, HUD y la
Comision de
Seguridad de
Productos del
Consumidor.
RRP de la EPA
EPA o los estados
autorizados por EPA
certifican a las
empresas de
renovacion y a los
proveedores de
capacitacion
acreditados que
certifican a los
renovadores. Solo al
renovador
certificado se le
exige cursar
capacitacion en sala
de clases. Los
trabaj adores deben
recibir una
capacitacion en el
trabajo dictada por
el renovador
certificado.
Los renovadores
deben entregar el
folleto Renovar
correctamente :
Informacion
importante para
familias,
proveedores de
cuidado infantily
escuelas acerca del
peligro del plomo.
(Este requisite entro
en vigencia el 22 de
diciembre de 2008).
Cambios en los
proyectos LSHR
para cumplir la
regla RRP
Las empresas de
renovacion deben
estar certificadas.
Debe haber por lo
menos un
renovador
certificado en la
obra o que este
disponible mientras
se ejecutan los
trabajos. (El
renovador
certificado puede
ser un supervisor
certificado en
reduccion de LBP
que, ademas, haya
fmalizado el curso
cuatro horas de
actualization en
RPP.)
Ninguno.
Requisites adicionales del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo
A2-3
9 de febrero
-------
Requisites adicionales de empresas de renovacion y renovadores certificados por la EPA sobre
la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
Etapa del
trabajo
Mientras
trabaja
Requisite
Control de
peligros de LBP
Practicas de
trabajo
prohibidas
Umbrales
minimos de
alteracion de
pintura en
interiores que
desencadenan
actividades
relacionadas con
plomo.
LSHR del HUD
Segun el tipo y la
cantidad de la
ayuda del HUD,
este departamento
exige el
tratamiento de los
peligros por plomo
mediante controles
provisionales o
mantenimiento
continuo de
pinturas a base de
plomo.
El HUD prohibe
seis practicas de
trabajo. Entre ellas,
las tres practicas de
trabajo prohibidas
por la EPA,
ademas de: pistolas
de aire caliente que
carbonizan la
pintura, raspado o
lijado en seco a
mas de 1 pie de una
toma de corriente
electrica y uso de
decapantes
volatiles en areas
con poca
ventilacion.
Los umbrales "de
minimis " del HUD
(2 pies cuadrados
por habitacion 6
10% deun tipo de
componente
pequeno) son
menores que los
umbrales de la
EPA para practicas
seguras para
trabajar con el
plomo. Ademas, el
HUD emplea este
mismo umbral para
fines de aprobacion
y notificacion a los
ocupantes.
RRP de la EPA
Por lo general, la
EPA requiere que
las renovaciones en
las viviendas de
interes se realicen
con practicas
seguras para trabajar
con el plomo.
La EPA prohibe tres
practicas de trabajo
(quemar con llama o
soplete, pistolas de
aire caliente a mas
del 100 grades F,
retiro de maquinas
sin accesorios de
aspiracion HEP A).
El umbral (6 pies
cuadrados por
habitacion) de la
EPA para
actividades de
reparacion menor y
mantenimiento es
mas alto que el
umbral "de minimis"
del HUD.
Cambios en los
proyectos LSHR
para cumplir la
regla RRP
Ninguno.
Ninguno.
Ninguno.
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Etapa del
trabajo
Finalizacion
del trabajo
Requisite
Pruebas de
confirmation
Notification a
los ocupantes
LSHR del HUD
El HUD exige que
un tercero
independiente
realice un examen
de aprobacion, en
lugar del
procedimiento de
verification de
limpieza del
renovador
certificado.
El HUD exige que
la parte designada
distribuya avisos a
los ocupantes en un
plazo de 15 dias
tras las actividades
de evaluation y
control de peligros
por plomo en la
unidad que utilizan
(y en las areas
comunes, si
corresponde).
RRP de la EPA
La EPA permite la
verification de
limpieza de un
renovador o un
examen de
aprobacion. La
verification de
limpieza no implica
muestreo ni analisis
de laboratorio del
polvo.
La EPA no requiere
una notification a
residentes que no
son los propietarios
despues de una
renovacion.
Cambios en los
proyectos LSHR
para cumplir la
regla RRP
Ninguno.
Ninguno.
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Requisites adicionales de empresas de renovacion y renovadores certificados por la EPA sobre
la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
A. Traspaso de las responsabilidades del renovador a la parte designada en virtud de la
regla del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo:
1. De conformidad con la regla de viviendas sin plomo, la parte designada generalmente asume la
responsabilidad de someter la pintura a pruebas realizadas por un inspector de plomo o un evaluador
de riesgos debidamente certificado, o da por hecho la presencia de pintura a base de plomo. Por tanto,
cuando se aplica la regla del HUD, el renovador certificado no puede emplear un juego de pruebas
para pinturas, a fin de determinar que una pintura no es a base de plomo. Nota: Es posible que en
algunos estados existan reglamentos sobre conflictos de intereses que prohiban a los renovadores
efectuar pruebas en pinturas con las que vayan a trabajar.
2 . Cuando se aplica la regla del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo, la parte designada debe contar con una
persona calificada e independiente de la empresa de renovacion para que realice un examen de
aprobacion de plomo. El renovador certificado no realiza una verificacion de limpieza. A continuacion
encontrara mas informacion acerca de las pruebas de aprobacion.
B. Requisites adicionales del HUD para el renovador:
1. Requisites de capacitacion para trabajadores y supervisores que ejecutan controles provisorios.
Para cumplir con los requisites de ambas reglas:
a. Si un supervisor (segun los terminos del HUD) o un renovador certificado (segun
los terminos de la EPA) cuenta con certificacion como supervisor de reduccion de
pintura a base de plomo o ha aprobado de manera satisfactoria un curso acreditado
de supervision o ejecucion de reducciones, debera tomar un curso de
perfeccionamiento en RRP de 4 horas de duracion.
b. En el caso de trabajadores que no sean supervisores o renovadores certificados:
Si su supervisor en este proyecto es un supervisor certificado en reduccion
de pinturas a base de plomo que ha aprobado el curso de perfeccionamiento
en RRP de 4 horas de duracion, los trabajadores deberan recibir de parte de
dicho supervisor una capacitacion en el trabajo sobre practicas seguras para
trabajar con el plomo.
De lo contrario, los trabajadores deben aprobar satisfactoriamente un curso
en RRP de un dia de duracion u otro curso sobre practicas seguras para
trabajar con el plomo que este aprobado para este fin por el HUD, previa
consulta con la EPA. El HUD ha aprobado el curso de RPP de un dia de
duracion, el curso de renovacion, remodelacion y reparacion de un dia de
duracion de HUD y EPA, publicado anteriormente y otros cursos de un dia
de duracion que figuran en el sitio Web del HUD www.hud.gov/offices/lead.
c. Si el trabajo esta siendo ejecutado en una jurisdiction estatal o tribal autorizada por
la EPA para realizar un programa de capacitacion y certificacion en RRP, el Estado
o la Tribu debera acreditar el curso de RRP de un dia de duracion y el curso de
perfeccionamiento en RRP de medio dia de duracion. El HUD aprobara los cursos
de RRP de un dia de duracion que esten acreditados por los Estados o las Tribus
con autorizacion de la EPA.
d. No basta unicamente con el curso de actualization en RRP de 4 horas de duracion
para cumplir con los requisites de capacitacion de la EPA o el HUD.
2 . La empresa de renovacion certificada y el renovador certificado deben tomar precauciones
destinadas a proteger a los residentes de posibles envenenamientos por plomo, de forma
adicional a las medidas dispuestas en la regla RRP de la EPA.
a. Los renovadores deben utilizar practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomo
en aquellos trabajos exentos de la regla RRP que reiinan las siguientes
condiciones:
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la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
Alteracion de 2 a 6 pies cuadrados de pintura por habitacion, es decir, el
umbral de minimis de la regla de vivienda sin plomo y el umbral para
actividades de reparacion menor y mantenimiento de la regla RRP,
respectivamente.
Nota: Cambio de ventanas, cambio de marcos de ventana y demolicion de superficies pintadas
alteran una cantidad de pintura superior al umbral de minimis de la regla de vivienda sin
plomo.
Alteracion de mas de 10% de un tipo de componente con superficie pequena
(como antepechos de la ventana, zocalos y molduras).
Nota: Los umbrales de pies cuadrados y porcentaje citados anteriormente rigen para todos los
trabajos efectuados en un periodo de treinta dias.
Dentro de una vivienda de interes donde el ocupante propietario firma una
declaracion conforme a la regla RRP sosteniendo que no se requieren
practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomo.
Nota: El HUD no permite que un propietario renuncie en ningun momento a la aplicacion de
practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomo, sea un propietario ocupante o solo arrendador, a
pesar de que la EPA si acepta que un propietario ocupante firme una declaracion indicando que
no se requieren practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomo.
b. Sin usar las 3 practicas laborales que el HUD prohibe en forma adicional:
Pistolas de aire caliente que carbonizan la pintura, incluso si funcionan a
menos de 1100 grades F.
Raspado o lijado en seco, salvo el raspado en seco de manera conjunta con
pistolas de aire caliente o a 1 pie como maximo de una toma de corriente
electrica.
Uso de decapantes de pintura volatiles en areas con poca ventilacion.
c. Al adoptar medidas adicionales para proteger a los ocupantes mientras se
efectiian actividades de reduccion de peligros en interiores: Traslado temporal de
los ocupantes antes y durante las actividades de reduccion de peligros en interiores
hasta una vivienda apta, decente, segura y de accesibilidad similar carente de
peligros por pintura a base de plomo. No se requiere el traslado temporal en el caso
de proyectos breves donde:
El trabajo este contenido y finalice en un periodo de 8 horas en Jornada
diurna, sin crear otros peligros para la seguridad, salud o el ambiente, o
el trabajo finalice en un plazo de 5 dias naturales y donde tras cada dia de
trabajo se efectue una limpieza del polvo y los escombros visibles en la obra
en un area de 10 pies alrededor del area de contencion y donde los ocupantes
cuenten con acceso seguro a las areas de descanso y a las instalaciones del
bano y la cocina.
C. Responsabilidades adicionales de la parte designada que pueden afectar al
renovador
En los trabajos regidos por la regla del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo, la empresa de renovacion
certificada y el renovador certificado deben conocer los demas requisites impuestos a la parte
designada que pueden afectar la funcion que desempenan en el proyecto.
1. La parte designada debe entregar dos notificaciones a los ocupantes cuando la cantidad de
trabajo supere el umbral de minimis del HUD:
a. AVISO DE EVALUACION 0 PRESUNCION: Esta notificacion informa a los
ocupantes que la pintura ha sido evaluada para determinar si corresponde a LBP o
que se ha aceptado el supuesto de que la pintura es LBP. La parte designada debe
avisar a los ocupantes en un plazo de 15 dias naturales, a partir del recibo del
informe de evaluacion o de haber ocurrido la adopcion del supuesto. El renovador
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debe consultar al cliente si se envio este aviso. El propietario puede entregarle al
renovador una copia de esta notificacion para que sepa donde se encuentra la
pintura LBP.
b. AVISO DE ACTIVIDAD DE REDUCCION DE PELIGROS: Esta notificacion
describe el trabajo de reduccion de peligros finalizado e informa a los ocupantes
como pueden solicitar mas informacion al respecto. La parte designada debe avisar
a los ocupantes en un plazo de 15 dias calendario a partir de la finalizacion del
trabajo de reduccion de peligros. El renovador puede recibir una copia de esta
notificacion o se le puede pedir que prepare o distribuya el aviso para el propietario
como parte del trabajo del renovador para el propietario.
2 . Segiin el tipo y la cantidad de la ayuda para la vivienda que se otorgue, el HUD suele exigir
tratamiento para los peligros de LBP identificados. Entre los tratamientos se cuentan la reduccion
de peligros por LBP, los controles provisionales o el mantenimiento continuo de LBP. El renovador
debe averiguar si su contrato con el propietario requiere las tareas de tratamiento de peligros por
plomo que se enumeran a continuacion. De ser asi, todos los trabaj adores y supervisores deben contar
con la capacitacion y las calificaciones adecuadas. Por lo general, los controles provisionales
contemplan las siguientes actividades, que se exigen cuando la cantidad de trabajo supera el umbral de
minimis del HUD; si los trabajos son inferiores al umbral de minimis, se debe reparar la pintura
deteriorada, pero sin necesidad de aplicar practicas seguras para trabaj ar con el plomo, a pesar de que
el HUD recomienda enfaticamente su utilization.
a. Se debe estabilizar la pintura LBP que este deteriorada. Esto significa que tambien
se deben corregir aquellos defectos fisicos del sustrato de una superficie de pintura
o de un componente que causan el deterioro de la superficie o del componente.
b. Las superficies de friccion corroidas deben ser tratadas cuando exista peligro por
polvo con plomo cercano.
c. Los puntos de friccion deben ser eliminados o tratados para que la pintura LBP no
quede sometida a abrasiones.
d. Se deben tratar las superficies cuando existan daiios u otros deterioros en la
pintura de una superficie de impacto como consecuencia de un componente de
construction relacionado (como la manilla de una puerta que golpea el muro o una
puerta que ejerce friccion contra el marco).
e. La pintura LBP debe quedar protegida contra impactos.
f. Las superficies con LBP deben estar fuera del alcance de nifios de menos de seis
aiios de edad que podrian tratar de morderlas, en caso de existir indicios de que ya
ha ocurrido tal situacion.
g. Las superficies horizontales irregulares, picadas o porosas deben ser cubiertas por
una cubierta o un revestimiento uniforme y lavable.
3 . En determinados tipos de ayuda del HUD, cuando este presente un menor cuyo nivel de plomo
en la sangre corresponda al de una intervention ambiental, la parte designada debera tomar
medidas adicionales para evaluar la situacion y responder ante los potenciales peligros por
plomo. El nivel de plomo en la sangre de intervention ambiental corresponde a una lectura de 20
microgramos por decilitre (20 |_ig/dL) en nifios menores de seis aiios de edad o dos lecturas de 15-19
ug/dL tomadas con al menos tres meses de diferencia. En determinados tipos de ayuda del HUD
(asistencia de alquiler para inquilinos, asistencia de alquiler para proyectos, vivienda publica y
viviendas multifamiliares de propiedad del HUD), el propietario o la parte designada pueden solicitar
al renovador que efectiie el trabajo en la unidad abordando los peligros por plomo especificos
identificados en la evaluation de riesgos de la investigation ambiental. Quienes participen en dichas
labores deben contar con la capacitacion y las calificaciones adecuadas.
4. La parte designada debe disponer de una tercera parte independiente del renovador que realice
un examen de aprobacion en caso de que la cantidad de trabajo supere el umbral de minimis del
HUD:
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a. Un examen de aprobacion incluye una evaluacion visual al finalizar el trabajo de
renovacion en pinturas deterioradas, polvo, escombros, cascaras de pintura u otros
residues; un muestreo del polvo de los pisos interiores y de los antepechos y
canales de las ventanas; el envio de dichas muestras a un laboratorio para un
analisis de plomo; la interpretacion de los resultados del laboratorio y la
preparacion de un informe de aprobacion. La EPA tambien permite que se utilice
un examen de aprobacion en reemplazo de una verification de limpieza, en caso de
que el examen de aprobacion sea requerido por las leyes federales, estatales,
tribales o locales o por el contrato. La unidad, o el lugar en que este contenido el
trabajo, junto con el area de trabajo y un area adyacente al area de contention,
deben pasar el examen de aprobacion y no deben presentar ningun peligro por
plomo. Si no se pasa la aprobacion en el paso de evaluacion visual o en el paso de
pruebas de polvo, se debe repetir la limpieza en las secciones no aprobadas del area
de trabajo. La section rechazada del area de trabajo corresponde al area especifica
sometida a pruebas, al igual que cualquier otra area que no haya sido probada y
cualquier otra area que se represente en el area de muestreo. Por ejemplo:
Solo se tomaron muestras de un dormitorio, porque iba a representar a todos
los dormitories dentro de la vivienda. No paso la prueba. Por tanto, se deben
volver a limpiar y analizar todos los dormitories de la unidad.
En un edificio grande de apartamentos multifamiliar, si se realizan pruebas
en un porcentaje de las unidades, en conformidad con las directrices del
HUD, y alguna no es aprobada, entonces se deben volver a limpiar y aprobar
todas las unidades, con excepcion de aquellas que se aprobaron. (Si existen
pautas de que solo ciertos tipos de componentes no son aprobados, entonces
solo se deben volver a limpiar y aprobar esos tipos de componentes, tanto en
las unidades rechazadas como en las unidades no sometidas a pruebas.)
b. La persona que efectiie el examen de aprobacion debe ser:
Un inspector certificado en pinturas a base de plomo, un evaluador de
riesgos, un revisor de aprobaciones o un tecnico en muestreo de polvo, segun
el tipo de actividad que se este realizando. (Esta persona debe estar
certificada por el Estado o la EPA, dependiendo de si la vivienda se
encuentra en un estado autorizado por la EPA para certificar a personas en la
disciplina del plomo.)
Una persona independiente de la organization que realiza la reduction de
peligros o las actividades de mantenimiento. La excepcion es cuando la parte
designada puede usar a un empleado interno calificado para ejecutar la
aprobacion, aunque sean otros empleados internes quienes realizaron la
renovacion. Sin embargo, un mismo empleado interno no puede encargarse a
la vez de la renovacion y la aprobacion.
D. Como averiguar cuales son los requisites para pintura a base de plomo que se
aplican a los trabajos planificados en propiedades beneficiarias de ayuda para la
vivienda del HUD, tales como asistencia para rehabilitation o adquisicion:
Es importante saber si el trabajo cuenta con ayuda federal para la vivienda, porque el
incumplimiento de los requisites para pinturas a base de plomo podria afectar la continuidad de
ese apoyo. En todos los trabajos la empresa de renovacion debe aclarar lo siguiente:
Si la vivienda recibe ayuda financiera, y
Si el trabajo esta sujeto a algun requisite para pinturas a base de plomo
debido a la ayuda que se recibe.
La empresa de renovacion debe adoptar las siguientes medidas:
Requisites adicionales del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo 9 de febrero
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Requisites adicionales de empresas de renovacion y renovadores certificados por la EPA sobre
la Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo sobre viviendas sin plomo
1. Consultar con el propietario si la propiedad o la familia recibe algun tipo de ayuda para la vivienda,
como prestamos con bajos intereses concedidos por algun organismo local, estatal o federal. De ser
asi:
a. Debe averiguar el nombre de ese organismo, el nombre de la persona de contacto,
la direction y el numero de telefono. (Revise la lista de tipos de organismos a
continuation).
b. Obtenga una description basica del tipo de ayuda que recibe la propiedad.
Nota: Debe explicar al propietario que necesitara information acerca del trabajo y que tambien
debera verificar si existen requisites especiales.
2 . Si tiene alguna duda sobre los requisites federates o estatales para pinturas a base de plomo que
se aplican al trabajo, comuniquese con el organismo publico que administra la ayuda otorgada y
comente el proyecto con el especialista del programa o el especialista en rehabilitaciones que se
encarga de la propiedad. Por ejemplo:
a. ,;,Se considera el proyecto como una reduction de plomo? Si es asi, ^cuales son los
requisites de reduction que impone el organismo?
b. Si el proyecto no corresponde a una reduction, ^cuales son los requisites para
pinturas a base de plomo que establece el organismo para ese proyecto y como
se deben integrar al informe del proyecto?
Entre los tipos de organismos publicos que administran ayudas para la vivienda, como asistencia
para rehabilitation o compra, se cuentan:
Agencia, corporation o autoridad del estado para la vivienda
Agencia, corporation o autoridad del estado para el desarrollo
comunitario
Agencia del estado para financiamiento de vivienda
Autoridad, corporation o autoridad de la ciudad o el estado para la
vivienda
vivienda
Agencia, corporation o autoridad de la ciudad o el estado para el
desarrollo comunitario
Centre de Servicios del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados
Unidos (USDA, por sus siglas en ingles): Programas de Vivienda Rural
Requisites adicionales del HUD sobre viviendas sin plomo 9 de febrero
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Apendice 3:
Renovar correctamente: Informacion
importante para familias, proveedores de
cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro
del plomo
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*~~^ Inn (^ I n "i ~ t ^
. v -*_ L L L v_i L L L_
Informacion importante sobre los
riesgos causados por el plomo para
familias, proveedores de cuidado
infantil y escuelas
*F
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jEs la ley!
La ley federal requiere que los individuos reciban cierta informacion
antes de remodelar seis pies cuadrados o mas de superficies pintadas
por habitacion en areas interiores o veinte pies cuadrados o mas en areas
exteriores en viviendas, instalaciones de cuidado infantil y escuelas
construidas antes de 1978.
Propietarios de casas e inquilinos: los renovadores deben darle este folleto
antes de empezar a trabajar.
Instalaciones de cuidado infantil, incluyendo las aulas de escuelas preescolares
y de kindergarten, y las familias de ninos menores de seis anos que asisten a
esas instalaciones: los renovadores deben proveer una copia de este folleto a
las instalaciones de cuidado infantil e informacion general de la remodelacion a
las familias de los ninos que asisten a esas instalaciones.
Tambien, empezando en abril de 2010, la ley federal requerira que contratistas que
alteran la pintura a base de plomo en casas, instalaciones de cuidado infantil y
escuelas, construidas antes de 1978 sean acreditados y sigan practicas de trabajo
especificas para evitar la contaminacion por el plomo. Por lo tanto empezando en
abril de 2010, pida ver la certificacion de su contratista.
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^Remodelando, reparando o pintando?
i,Esta siendo remodelada, reparada o pintada su casa,
su edificio, o la instalacion de cuidado infantil o escuela
a la que asisten sus hijos?
i,Fue su casa, su edificio, o la instalacion de cuidado
infantil o escuela a la que asisten sus hijos menores de
seis anos, construida antes de 1978?
Si la respuesta a estas preguntas es SI, hay unas cuantas
cosas importantes que usted necesita saber acerca de la
pintura a base de plomo.
Este folleto proporciona datos basicos sobre el plomo e
informacion acerca de seguridad del plomo cuando se esta
haciendo trabajo en su casa, su edificio o la instalacion de
cuidado infantil o escuela a la que asisten sus hijos.
La realidad acerca del plomo
El plomo puede afectar al cerebro y sistema nervioso en desarrollo de los
nihos, causando un Coeficiente Intelectual (Cl) reducido, discapacidades de
aprendizaje y problemas de comportamiento. El plomo tambien es dahino para
los adultos.
El plomo en el polvo es la forma mas comun en que las personas son
expuestas al plomo. El plomo puede entrar al cuerpo por diferentes
mecanismos como ser el por el plomo en la tierra o por la pintura
descascarada o desconchada. El polvo de plomo es frecuentemente invisible.
La pintura a base de plomo se uso en mas de 38 millones de casas hasta
que fue prohibida para uso residencial en 1978.
Los proyectos que alteran la pintura a base de plomo pueden crear polvo y
poner en peligro a usted y a su familia. No permita que esto le suceda. Siga las
practicas descritas en este folleto para protegerse usted y su familia.
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ien deberfa leer este folleto?
Este folleto es para usted si usted:
Reside en una casa construida antes de 1978,
Es propietario u opera una instalacion de cuidado infantil, incluyendo
aulas preescolares y de kindergarten, construida antes de 1978, o
Tiene un nino menor de seis anos que asiste a una instalacion de cuidado
infantil construida antes de 1978.
Usted aprendera:
Datos basicos acerca del plomo y su salud,
Como elegir a un contratista, si usted es el dueno de una propiedad,
Lo que los inquilinos, y padres/tutores de un nino en una instalacion de
cuidado infantil o escuela deberfan considerar,
Como prepararse para el trabajo de renovacion o reparacion,
Que buscar durante el trabajo y despues de que el trabajo este completado,
Donde obtener mas informacion acerca del plomo.
Este folleto no es para:
Proyectos de eliminacion. La eliminacion es un conjunto de actividades dirigidas
especificamente a eliminar el plomo o los riesgos del plomo. La EPA (Agenda
de Proteccion Ambiental por sus siglas en ingles) tiene normas para la
certificacion y capacitacion de profesionales en el campo de eliminacion de
plomo. Si su meta es eliminar el plomo o los riesgos del plomo, comuniquese
con el National Lead Information Center (Centra Nacional de Informacion del
Plomo) al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) para mayor informacion.
Proyectos "Hagalo usted mismo". Si usted mismo planea hacer trabajos
de remodelacion, este documento es un buen inicio, pero usted necesitara
mas informacion para finalizar el trabajo con seguridad. Llame al Nacional
Lead Information Center (Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo) al
1 -800-424-LEAD (5323) y pida mas informacion sobre como trabajar con
seguridad en una casa con pintura a base de plomo.
Educacion del contratista. Los contratistas que quieran informacion acerca
de como trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo deberan comunicarse
con el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo al 1-800-424-LEAD
(5323) para informacion sobre cursos y recursos sobre practicas de trabajo
seguras con el plomo.
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El plomo y su salud
El plomo es especialmente peligroso para
ninos menores de seis anos de edad.
El plomo puede afectar al cerebro y sistema
nervioso en desarrollo de los ninos, causando:
Cl reducido y discapacidades de aprendizaje.
Problemas de comportamlento.
Aun los ninos que parecen saludables pueden
tener niveles de plomo peligrosos en sus cuerpos.
El plomo tambien es danino para los adultos.
En los adultos, niveles bajos de plomo pueden presentar
muchos peligros, incluyendo:
Presion de sangre alta e hipertension.
Las mujeres embarazadas expuestas al plomo
pueden transferir el plomo a sus fetos.
El plomo se introduce en el cuerpo cuando es tragado o inhalado.
Las personas, especialmente los ninos, pueden tragar polvo de plomo cuando
comen, juegan, o hacen otras actividades en las cuales se llevan la mano a la
boca.
Las personas tambien pueden respirar polvo o gases de plomo si alteran la
pintura a base de plomo.
Las personas que lijan, raspan, queman, cepillan o aplican aire comprimido o
alteran la pintura a base de plomo de alguna otra manera, se arriesgan a una
exposicion danina al plomo.
i,Que debo hacer si estoy preocupado por la exposicion de mi familia al plomo?
Llame a su departamento de salud local para asesoria sobre como reducir y
eliminar exposiciones al plomo dentro y fuera de su casa, instalacion de
cuidado infantil o escuela.
Siempre use practicas de trabajo seguras contra el plomo cuando la renovacion
o reparacion alteraran la pintura a base de plomo.
Una prueba de sangre es la unica manera de averiguar si usted o un miembro
de su familia ya tienen envenenamiento con plomo. Llame a su medico o a su
departamento de salud local para tramitar una prueba de sangre.
Para mayor informacion acerca de los efectos a la salud por la exposicion al plomo,
visite el sitio Web del plomo de la EPA en www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadinfo.htm
o llame a al 1 -800-424-LEAD (5323).
Hay otras cosas que usted puede hacer diariamente para proteger a su familia.
Limpie regularmente los pisos, los marcos de las ventanas y otras superficies.
Lave con frecuencia las manos, biberones, chupetes/chupones, y juguetes de
los ninos.
Asegurese de que los ninos coman una dieta saludable y nutritiva, consistente
con las normas dieteticas del USDA (Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados
Unidos), que ayuda a proteger a los ninos de los efectos del plomo.
Limpie los zapatos antes de entrar en la casa.
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Revisando su casa por pintura
a base de plomo
Porcentaje de casas que probablemente contengan plomo
tn
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CO Entre
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JO Entre
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_ Antes de
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24%
Las casas, instalaciones de cuidado infantil y escuelas de mas edad tienen
mas probabilidad de contener pintura a base de plomo. Las casas pueden
ser casas unifamiliares o departamentos. Pueden ser privadas, asistidas por el
gobierno o viviendas publicas. Las escuelas consisten de aulas preescolares y de
kindergarten. Pueden ser urbanas, suburbanas, o rurales.
Listed tiene las siguientes opciones:
Listed puede decidir el asumir que su casa, instalacion de cuidado infantil,
o escuela contiene plomo. Especialmente en las casas y edificios mas antiguos,
usted puede simplemente querer asumir que la pintura a base de plomo esta
presente y seguir las practicas seguras de trabajo con plomo descritas en este
folleto durante la remodelacion, reparacion, o trabajo de pintura.
Usted con su contratista pueden tambien hacer pruebas para el plomo
usando un equipo de prueba de plomo. Los equipos de prueba deben estar
aprobados por la EPAy estan disponibles en las ferreterfas. Incluyen instrucciones
detalladas para su uso.
Usted puede contratar a un profesional acreditado para verificar si hay
pintura a base de plomo. Estos profesionales son asesores o inspectores de
riesgo acreditados, y pueden determinar si su casa tiene plomo o riesgos de
plomo.
Un inspector acreditado o asesor de riesgo puede llevar a cabo una inspeccion
para decirle si su casa, o una porcion de su casa, tiene pintura a base de
plomo y donde esta ubicada. Esto le dira las areas de su casa donde las
practicas seguras de trabajo con plomo son necesarias.
Un asesor de riesgo acreditado puede llevar a cabo una evaluacion de riesgo e
informarle si su casa actualmente tiene algun riesgo de tener plomo causado
por la pintura con plomo, polvo o tierra. El asesor de riesgo tambien puede
decirle que acciones tomar para tratar cualquier riesgo.
Si necesita ayuda para encontrar a un asesor o inspector de riesgo
acreditado, llame al Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo al
1-800-424-LEAD(5323).
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Para duehos de propiedades
Listed tiene la mayor responsabilidad por la seguridad de su familia, inquilinos,
o ninos bajo su cuidado. Esto significa prepararse apropiadamente para la remodel-
acion y mantener a las personas fuera del area de trabajo (ver pagina 8). Tambien sig-
nifica asegurarse de que el contratista use practicas seguras de trabajo con el plomo.
Empezando en abril de 2010, la ley federal requerira que los contratistas que lleven a
cabo proyectos de remodelacion, reparacion y pintura que alteren la pintura con base
de plomo en casas, instalaciones de cuidado infantil y escuelas construidas antes de
1978 esten acreditados y sigan practicas de trabajo especificas para evitar la con-
taminacion con plomo.
Hasta que se requiera que los contratistas esten acreditados, asegurese de
que su contratista pueda explicar claramente los detalles del trabajo y como el
contratista minimizara los riesgos de plomo durante el trabajo.
Pregunte al contratista si esta capacitado para llevar a cabo practicas seguras
de trabajo con plomo y pida ver una copia de su certificado de capacitacion.
Pregunteles que metodos seguros para el plomo usaran para configurar y llevar
a cabo el trabajo en su casa, instalacion de cuidado infantil o escuela.
Pregunte si el contratista esta consciente de las reglas de la remodelacion con
plomo. Por ejemplo, se requiere que los contratistas le proporcionen con una
copia de este folleto antes de empezar el trabajo. En el reverse de este folleto
se encuentra una muestra de un formulario de notificacion antes de la
remodelacion. Los contratistas pueden usar este formulario para hacer mas
facil la documentacion de cumplimiento.
Pida referencias de al menos tres trabajos recientes de casas construidas antes
de 1978, y hable con cada uno personalmente.
Siempre asegurese de que el contrato sea claro acerca de como se configurara
el trabajo, se llevara a cabo y se limpiara.
Comparta los resultados de cualquier prueba previa de plomo con el contratista.
Aun antes de que se requiera que los contratistas esten acreditados usted debe
especificar en el contrato que sigan las practicas descritas en las paginas 9 y 10
de este folleto.
El contrato debe especificar que partes de su casa forman parte del area de
trabajo y especificar que practicas seguras de trabajo con plomo deberan
usarse en esas areas. Recuerde, su contratista debe confinar el polvo y
escombros al area de trabajo y debe minimizar el esparcir ese polvo a otras
areas de la casa.
El contrato tambien debe especificar que el contratista limpie el area de rabajo,
verifique que haya sido limpiada adecuadamente, y vuelva a limpiarla si es
necesario.
Una vez que estas practicas sean requeridas, si usted piensa que un
trabajador no esta haciendo lo que debe hacer o esta haciendo algo que
no es seguro, usted debe:
Dirigir al contratista a cumplir con los requerimientos del contrato,
Llamar a su departamento de salud o construccion, o
Llamar a la linea directa de la EPA 1 -800-424 LEAD (5323).
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Para inquilinos, y familias de nihos
menores de seis ahos en instalaciones
de cuidado infantil y escuelas
Listed juega un papel importante en asegurarse del
mayor nivel de seguridad para su familia.
Esto significa prepararse apropiadamente para la
renovacion y mantenerse fuera del area de trabajo
(ver pagina 8).
Empezando en abril de 2010, la ley federal requerira
que los contratistas que lleven a cabo proyectos de
remodelacion, reparacion y pintura que alteren la pintura
a base de plomo en casas, instalaciones de cuidado
infantil y escuelas, construidas antes de 1978 esten
acreditados y sigan practices laborales especificas para
evitar la contaminacion por el plomo.
La ley requerira que cualquier persona contratada para
remodelar, reparar o hacer trabajo de preparacion en
una propiedad construida antes de 1978 siga los pasos
descritos en las paginas 9 y 10 a menos que el area
donde el trabajo sera hecho no contenga pintura con base de plomo.
Una vez que estas practices sean requeridas, si usted piensa que un trabajador
no esta haciendo lo que debe hacer o esta haciendo algo que no es seguro,
usted debe:
Comunicarse con su propietario o dueno de casa,
Llamar a su departamento de salud o construccion, o
Llame a la linea directa de la EPA al 1 -800-424 LEAD (5323).
Si esta usted preocupado acerca de los riesgos del plomo que quedaron despues
de que el trabajo haya sido concluido, puede verificar el trabajo usted mismo
(ver pagina 10).
Regla sobre seguridad en la vivienda con pintura a base de plomo
Si su propiedad recibe asistencia de vivienda del HUD (Departamento de Vivienda y
Desarrollo Urbano de los Estados Unidos) (o de una agenda estatal o local que use
fondos de HUD), usted debe seguir los requerimientos mas rigurosos de la Regla de
HUD sobre seguridad en la vivienda con pintura a base de plomo (HUD's Lead-safe
Housing Rule) y los que se describen en este folleto.
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Preparandose para una remodelacion
Las areas de trabajo no deben ser accesibles a los ocupantes mientras ocurre
el trabajo. Los cuartos o areas donde el trabajo se esta haciendo pueden ser
bloqueados o sellados con hojas de plastico para contener cualquier polvo que se
genere. El area contenida no estara disponible para usted hasta que el trabajo en
ese cuarto o area este completo, limpiado totalmente, y el contaminante haya sido
quitado. Usted no tendra acceso a algunas areas y debe planear de acuerdo a eso.
Usted puede necesitar:
Una recamara, bano y arreglos de cocina alternos si el trabajo esta ocurriendo
en esas areas de su casa.
Un lugar seguro para las mascotas porque ellas tambien pueden ser
envenenadas por el plomo y pueden llevar polvo de plomo a otras areas
de la casa.
Un pasillo separado para el contratista desde el area de trabajo hacia afuera,
para traer materiales dentro y fuera de la casa. Idealmente, no debe de ser a
traves de la misma entrada que usa su familia.
Un lugar para almacenar sus muebles. Puede que tenga que mover sus
muebles y pertenencias del area donde se esta llevando a cabo el trabajo.
Los articulos que no puedan moverse, como gabinetes, deben ser envueltos
en plastico grueso.
Apagar los sistemas de calefaccion y aire acondicionado a presion mientras
se hace el trabajo. Esto evita que el polvo se esparza a traves de las rejillas de
ventilacion desde el area de trabajo al resto de su casa. Considere como esto
puede afectar sus disposiciones de vivienda.
Usted puede aun querer mudarse de su casa temporalmente mientras todo o
parte del trabajo siga en continuacion.
Pueda que las instalaciones de cuidado infantil y escuelas quieran considerar
acceso alterno para los ninos a las instalaciones necesarias.
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Durante el trabajo
Empezando en abril de 2010, la ley federal requerira
que los contratistas que sean contratados para llevar
a cabo proyectos de remodelacion, reparacion y pintura
en casas, instalaciones de cuidado infantil y escuelas
construidas antes de 1978, que alteren la pintura a
base de plomo, esten acreditados y sigan practicas
de trabajo especificas para evitar la contaminacion
con plomo.
Aun antes de que los contratistas esten requeridos a
estar acreditados y seguir ciertas practicas laborales
especificas, el contratista debera seguir los siguientes
tres simples procedimientos:
1. Contener el area de trabajo. El area debe estar
contenida para que el polvo y escombros no
escapen de esa area. Deben ponerse letreros de
advertencia, plastico grueso y cinta segun sea apropiado para:
Cubrir los pisos y cualquier mueble que no pueda ser movido.
Sellar puertas y rejillas de ventilacion del sistema de calefaccion y enfriamiento.
Estas ayudaran a prevenir a que el polvo o los escombros salgan del area de trabajo.
2. Minimizar el polvo. No hay forma de eliminar el polvo, pero algunos metodos
hacen menos polvo que otros. Por ejemplo, usar agua para rociar las areas
antes del lijar o raspar; cortar con una cuchilla u hoja la pintura que se haya
secado sobre cualquier componente y luego jalar y separar los componentes en
lugar de romperlos, son tecnicas que generan menos polvo que las alternativas.
Algunos metodos generan grandes cantidades de polvo contaminado con plomo
y no deben usarse. Estos son:
Quemar con llama abierta o usando una antorcha o soplete.
Lijar, moler, cepillar, usar un martillo escareador de agujas, o usar limpiadores
de alta presion y equipo que no tengan una cubierta con accesorio de
aspiracion HEPA (filtro de aire de alta eficiencia para particulas suspendidas).
Usar una pistola de calor a temperaturas mayores de 1100° F.
3. Limpiar a fondo. El area de trabajo debe ser limpiada diariamente para
mantenerla tan limpia como sea posible. Cuando todo el trabajo este hecho, el
area debe ser limpiada usando metodos especiales de limpieza antes de quitar
cualquier plastico que aisle el area de trabajo del resto de la casa. Los metodos
especiales de limpieza deben incluir:
Usar una aspiradora HEPA (filtro de aire de alta eficiencia para particulas
suspendidas) para limpiar el polvo y escombros sobre todas las superficies,
seguido por
Trapeado humedo y enjuagar con bastante agua.
Cuando se haya terminado la limpieza final, mire a su alrededor. No debe quedar
polvo, pedazos de pintura, o escombros en el area de trabajo. Si usted ve algo de
polvo, cascaras de pintura o escombros, el area debe ser limpiada nuevamente.
-------
Para duehos de propiedades: Despues
de que el trabajo este terminado
Cuando todo el trabajo este terminado, usted querra saber si su casa,
instalacion de cuidado infantil o escuela ha sido limpiada apropiadamente.
He aqui algunas maneras de verificar.
Aun antes de que se requiera que los contratistas estan acreditados y sigan
practicas de trabajo especificas, usted deberia:
Preguntar acerca de la verificacion final de limpieza de su contratista.
Recuerde, el polvo de plomo es frecuentemente invisible a simple vista. Puede
estar presente aun si usted no puede verlo. El contratista debe usar panos
limpiadores desechables para limpiar el suelo del area de trabajo y compararlos
con una tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza para determinar si el area de trabajo se
limpio adecuadamente.
Para ordenar una tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza e instrucciones detalladas
visite el sitio Web de la EPA en www.epa.gov/lead o comuniquese con el Centra
Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) o visite su sitio
Web al www.epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm.
Usted tambien puede elegir hacer una prueba de polvo de plomo. Dichas
pruebas se llevan a cabo utilizando un papel absorbente especial que se
pasa por la superficie para recolectar una muestra de polvo. Estas muestras
se mandan a un laboratorio de analisis para detectar si hay polvo de plomo
presente.
Usted puede especificar en su contrato que se haga una prueba de polvo de
plomo. En ese caso, asegurese de aclarar quien hara la prueba.
La prueba debe ser hecha por un profesional del plomo.
Si usted elige hacer la prueba, algunos laboratorios de analisis de plomo
reconocidos por la EPA le enviaran un equipo que le permite recolectar muestras
y enviarlas de regreso a laboratorio para analisis.
Comuniquese con el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo al 1-800-
424-LEAD (5323) para listas de profesionales calificados y laboratorios de analisis
de plomo reconocidos por la EPA.
Si su casa, instalacion de cuidado
infantil o escuela no pasan la prueba
del polvo, el area debe ser limpiada
nuevamente y se debe hacer la prueba
de polvo de plomo otra vez. Cuando el
proyecto se haga por contrato, es una
buena idea especificar en el contrato que
el contratista es responsable por volver a
limpiar si la casa, instalacion de cuidado
infantil, o escuela no pasan la prueba.
10
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Para mayor mformacion
Pueda que usted necesite informacion adicional sobre como proteger a
sus ninos y a sf mismo mientras se esta haciendo un trabajo en su casa,
su edificio o instalacion de cuidado infantil.
El Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo al 1 -800-424-LEAD (5323)
o www.epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm pueden decirle como ponerse en contacto con
sus programas estatales, locales y/o tribales u obtener informacion general
acerca de la prevencion de envenenamiento por el plomo.
Los programas estatales y tribales de prevencion
de envenenamiento por el plomo o de
proteccion del medio ambiente pueden
proporcionar informacion acerca de las normas
del plomo y fuentes potenciales de ayuda
financiera para reducir los riesgos del plomo.
Si su gobierno estatal o local tiene
requerimientos mas estrictos que aquellos
descritos en este folleto, usted debe seguir
esos requerimientos.
Los oficiales del codigo de construccion local
pueden informarle acerca de los reglamentos
que aplican al trabajo de renovacion que usted
esta pla neando.
Los departamentos estatales, del condado, y
locales de salud pueden proporcionarle
informacion acerca de los programas locales,
incluyendo asistencia para ninos envenenados
con plomo y consejo sobre maneras de hacer
que su casa sea revisada por plomo.
El Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el
Plomo puede tambien proporcionar una variedad
de materiales de recursos, incluyendo las
siguientes gufas acerca de las practicas laborales
seguras para trabajar con la pintura a base de
plomo. Muchos de estos materiales estan
tambien disponibles en www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/brochure.htm.
La seguridad con la pintura de plomo, Una gufa practica para la pintura, el
mantenimiento y las renovaciones en las viviendas (Lead Paint Safety, A Field
Guide for Painting, Home Maintenance, and Renovation Work) (Disponible en
espanol e ingles)
Proteja a su familia contra el plomo en el hogar (Protect Your Family From
Lead in Your Home) (Disponible en espanol e ingles)
Lead in Your Home: A Parent's Reference Guide (no disponible en espanol)
Para los afectados del ofdo, Name al Servicio Federal de Transmision de
Informacion (Federal Information Relay Service) al 1 -800-877-8339 para tener
acceso a cualquiera de los numeros de telefono en este folleto.
11
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Contactos de la EPA
Oficinas Regionales de la EPA
La EPA trata los riesgos del plomo residencial a traves de varias reglamentaciones
diferentes. La EPA requiere capacitacion y certificacion para llevar a cabo reduccion,
educacion acerca de los riesgos asociados con las renovaciones, revelacion acerca
de los riesgos conocidos acerca de la pintura a base de plomo y plomo en las
viviendas, y fija los estandares del riesgo de la pintura a base de plomo.
Su Oficina Regional de la EPA puede proporcionar la mayor informacion con
respecto a la seguridad del plomo y los programas de proteccion del plomo en
www.epa.gov/lead.
Region 1
(Connecticut,
Massachusetts, Maine,
New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Vermont)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 1
Suite 1100
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02114-2023
(888) 372-7341
Region 2
(Nueva Jersey, Nueva York,
Puerto Rico, Islas Vfrgenes)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 2
2890 Woodbridge Avenue
Building 205, Mail Stop 225
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
(732)321-6671
Region 3
(Delaware, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Washington, DC,
West Virginia)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 3
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA
19103-2029
(215)814-5000
Region 4
(Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, Carolina del
Norte, Carolina del Sur,
Tennessee)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 4
61 Forsyth Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8960
(404) 562-9900
Region 5
(Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, Wisconsin)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
(312)886-6003
Region 6
(Arkansas, Louisiana,
Nuevo Mexico, Oklahoma,
Texas)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue,
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214)665-6444
Region 7
(Iowa, Kansas,
Missouri, Nebraska)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 7
901 N. 5th Street
Kansas City, KS66101
(913)551-7003
Region 8
(Colorado, Montana,
Dakota del Norte, Dakota
del Sur, Utah, Wyoming)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 8
1595 Wynkoop Street
Denver, CO 80202
(303)312-6312
Region 9
(Arizona, California,
Hawaii, Nevada)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA94105
(415)947-8021
Region 10
(Alaska, Idaho,
Oregon, Washington)
Regional Lead Contact
U.S. EPA Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101-1128
(206)553-1200
12
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Otras agendas federales
CPSC (Comision para la Seguridad de
los Productos de Consumo)
La Comision para la Seguridad de los
Productos de Consumo (CPSC por sus
siglas en ingles) protege al publico del
riesgo irrazonable de lesion o muerte de
15,000 tipos de productos de consume
bajo la jurisdiccion de la agenda. La
CPSC advierte al publico y los sectores
privados reducir la exposicion al plomo y
aumentar la conciencia del consumidor.
Comunfquese con la CPSC para mayor
informacion con respecto a los
reglamentos y seguridad del producto
de consumo.
CPSC (Comision para la Seguridad
de los Productos de Consumo)
4330 East West Highway
Bethesda, MD20814
Lfnea Directa 1-(800) 638-2772
www.cpsc.gov
CDC (Los Centres para el Control y
Prevencion de Enfermedades) Division
de Prevencion de Envenenamiento por
Plomo en la Infancia
Los Centres para el Control y Prevencion
de Enfermedades (CDC por sus siglas en
ingles) asisten a los programas estatales y
locales de prevencion de envenenamiento
por el plomo en la infancia para
proporcionar una base cientffica para
decisiones de politicas, y para asegurar
que los problemas de salud se traten
en decisiones acerca de la vivienda y el
ambiente. Comunfquese con el Programa
de Prevencion de Envenenamiento por
el Plomo en la Infancia de CDC para
materiales adicionales y enlaces sobre
el tema del plomo.
CDC Childhood Lead Poisoning
Prevention Branch
4770 Buford Highway, MS F-40
Atlanta, GA 30341
(770) 488-3300
www. cdc. gov/nceh/lead
HUD (Departamento de Vivienda y
Desarrollo Urbano) Oficina de Casas
Saludables y Control del Riesgo de
Plomo
El Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo
Urbano (HUD por sus siglas en ingles)
proporciona fondos a los gobiernos
estatales y locales para desarrollar formas
accesibles para reducir los riesgos de la
pintura a base de plomo en las viviendas
de propiedad privada de bajos ingresos.
Ademas la oficina respalda la regla sobre
la notificacion de la presencia de pintura
a base de plomo y/o peligros de la pintura
a base de plomo en las viviendas, y los
reglamentos de seguridad del plomo del
HUD en viviendas asistidas por HUD,
proporciona alcance publico y asistencia
tecnica, y lleva a cabo estudios tecnicos
para ayudar a proteger a los nihos y sus
familias de riesgos de salud y seguridad
en la casa. Comunfquese con la Oficina
de Casas Saludables y Control del Riesgo
del Plomo de HUD para informacion sobre
los reglamentos del plomo, esfuerzos de
alcance publico, e investigacion sobre el
control del riesgo del plomo y programas
de subvenciones de alcance publico.
U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Departamento
de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano
de los EE.UU.)
Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard
Control (Oficina de Casas Saludables y
Control del Riesgo de Plomo)
451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 8236
Washington, DC 20410-3000
Lfnea Directa de Reglamentos
de Plomo del HUD
(202) 402-7698
www.hud.gov/offices/lead/
13
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V
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Muestra del formulario actual de
notificacion antes de la remodelacion
Vigente hasta abril de 2010.
Confirmacion de recibo del folleto acerca del plomo
Q He recibido una copia del folleto "Remodelar correctamente: Informacion
importante sobre los riesgos causados por el plomo para familias, proveedores
de cuidado infantil y escuelas" informandome del peligro potencial por la
exposicion al riesgo del plomo que podria ser causado por la actividad de
remodelacion que se llevara a cabo en mi unidad de vivienda. Recibi este
folleto antes de que el trabajo empiece.
Nombre del destinatario en letra de imprenta Fecha
Firma del destinatario
Opcion de auto-certificacion (solamente para viviendas ocupadas por
inquilinos) - Si el folleto acerca del plomo fue entregado pero no se pudo obtener la
firma de un inquilino, usted puede marcar la casilla apropiada abajo.
Q Rehuso firmar - Certifico que he hecho un esfuerzo de buena fe para entregar
el folleto, "Remodelar correctamente: Informacion importante sobre los riesgos
causados por el plomo para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas",
a la vivienda en alquiler listada abajo en la fecha y hora indicadas y que el
ocupante se nego a firmar la confirmacion de recibo. Ademas certifico que he
dejado una copia del folleto en la unidad con el ocupante.
Q No estaba disponible para firmar - Certifico que he hecho un esfuerzo de buena
fe para entregar el folleto: "Remodelar correctamente: Informacion importante
sobre los riesgos causados por el plomo para familias, proveedores de cuidado
infantil y escuelas", a la unidad en alquiler listada abajo y que el ocupante no
estaba disponible para firmar la confirmacion de recibo. Ademas certifico que
he dejado una copia del folleto en la unidad deslizandola bajo la puerta.
Nombre de la persona certificando Intento de entrega
en letra de imprenta fecha y hora
entrega del folleto
acerca del plomo
Firma de la persona certificando la entrega del folleto acerca del plomo
Direccion de la unidad
Nota con respecto a la opcion de enviar por correo - Como alternativa a entregar
en persona, usted puede enviar por correo el folleto acerca del plomo al propietario y/o
inquilino. El folleto debe ser enviado por correo al menos 7 dias antes de la renovacion
(Documento con un certificado de envio por correo de la oficina postal).
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-------
Muestra del formulario de notification antes de la
remodelacion, que se hara disponible en el future
Este formulario de muestra puede ser usado por firmas de remodelacion para documentar cumplimiento
con los reglamentos federates sobre la educacion pre-renovacion y sobre la remodelacion, reparacion,
y pintura.
Confirmacion del ocupante
Recibo del folleto
Q He recibido una copia del folleto "Remodelar correctamente: Informacion importante sobre los riesgos
causados por el plomo para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas" informandome del
peligro potencial de la exposicion al riesgo del plomo que podria ser causado por la actividad de
remodelacion que se llevara a cabo en mi unidad de vivienda. Recibi este folleto antes de que el
trabajo empiece.
Reconocimiento de la opcion de exclusion del propietario-ocupante
Q (A) Confirmo que soy propietario y vivo en esta propiedad, que ningun nino menor de 6 anos reside
aqui, que ninguna mujer embarazada reside aqui, y que esta propiedad no es una instalacion ocupada
por ninos.
Nota: Un nino reside en la residencia primariade sus padres de custodia, tutores legates, padres
sustitutos o cuidador primario si el nino vive y duerme la mayoria del tiempo en la residencia del
cuidador primario.
Nota: Una instalacion ocupada por ninos es un edificio construido antes de 1978, el cual es visitado
regularmente por el mismo nino, menor de seis anos de edad, en al menos dos diferentes dias dentro
de cualquier semana, por lo menos tres horas cada dia, con tal de que las visitas sumen un total de al
menos 60 horas anuales.
Si la Casilla A es marcada, marque ya sea la Casilla B o la Casilla C, pero no ambas.
Q (B) Solicito que la firma de renovacion use practices laborales seguras de trabajo con la pintura a base
de plomo requeridas por la Regla de Renovacion, Reparacion y Pintura de la EPA; o
Q (C) Entiendo que no se requerira que la firma desempenando la renovacion use las practices laborales
seguras para trabajar con la pintura a base de plomo requeridas por la Regla de Remodelacion,
Reparacion y Pintura de la EPA.
Nombre del propietario-ocupante con letra de imprenta
Firma del propietario-ocupante Fecha de la firma
Opcion de auto certificacion del renovador (solamente para viviendas ocupadas por inquilinos) -
Instrucciones al renovador: Si el folleto "Remodelar correctamente: Informacion importante sobre los
riesgos causados por el plomo para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas" fue entregado
pero la firma de un inquilino no pudo obtenerse, usted puede marcar la casilla apropiada abajo.
Q Declinado - Certifico que he hecho un esfuerzo de buena fe para entregar el folleto "Remodelar
correctamente: Informacion importante sobre los riesgos causados por el plomo para familias,
proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas" a la unidad de vivienda en alquiler listada abajo en la fecha
y hora indicadas y que el ocupante decline firmar la confirmacion del recibo. Tambien certifico que he
dejado una copia del folleto en la unidad con el ocupante.
Q No disponible para firmar - Certifico que he hecho un esfuerzo de buena fe para entregar el folleto
"Remodelar correctamente: Informacion importante sobre los riesgos causados por el plomo para
familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas'a la unidad de vivienda listada abajo y que el
ocupante no estaba disponible para firmar la confirmacion del recibo. Ademas certifico que he dejado
una copia del folleto en la unidad deslizandola bajo la puerta o por (llene como fue
dejado el folleto)
Nombre de la persona certificando la entrega en letra de imprenta Fecha del intento de entrega
Firma de la persona certificando la entrega del folleto acerca del plomo
Direccion de la unidad
Nota con respecto a la opcion de enviar por correo - Como alternativa a entregar en persona, usted puede
enviar por correo el folleto acerca del plomo al propietario y/o inquilino. El folleto debe enviarse por correo al menos
siete dias antes de la renovacion. El envio por correo debe estar documentado por un certificado de envio por
correo de la oficina postal.
Nota: Este formulario no entra en vigencia hasta abril de 2010.
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Apendice 4:
Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades
pequenas para renovar correctamente
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United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
EPA-740-K-09-001
Diciembre de 2008
Illllll
Guia de cumplimiento de
entidades pequenas para renovar
correctamente Programa de la
EPA para Pintado, Renovacion,
Reparacion de Pintura a base
de Plomo
Un manual para contratistas,
administradores de viviendas y
personal de mantenimiento que
trabajan en viviendas, centres
de cuidado infantil y escuelas
construidas antes de 1978
I...
'Mi,
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iQuien debe leer este manual?
Toda persona que sea duefio o administrador de viviendas o centres ocupados per nines construidos
antes del 978.
Contratistas que realizan actividades que puedan alterar superficies pintadas en viviendas y centres
ocupados por nifios construidos antes de 1978 (incluidas ciertas reparaciones y mantenimiento, asi como
actividades de preparacion de pintado).
Acerca de este manual
Este manual resume los requisites de la Regulacion del Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion
de Pinturas a base de Plomo de la Agenda de Proteccion Ambiental (EPA por sus siglas en ingles), cuya
intencion es la de proteger contra los riesgos causados por las pinturas a base de plomo asociados con
las actividades de renovacion, reparacion y pintado. La regulacion requiere que los trabajadores reciban
capacitacion sobre como emplear normas laborales para trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo y
exige que las compafiias de renovaciones obtengan una certificacion de la EPA; estos requisites entraran
en vigor el 22 de abril de 2010.
Para garantizar el cumplimiento, tambien debe leer la regulacion completa sobre la cual se basa este pro-
grama. Aunque la EPA ha resumido las disposiciones de la regulacion en esta guia, los requisites legales
aplicables al trabajo de renovacion estan regulados por la Regulacion sobre el Plomo de 2008 de la EPA.
Existe una copia en ingles de la regulacion disponible en el sitio Web de la EPA, www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/
renovation.htm. (Para informacion basica en espanol, visite http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadinfoesp.htm).
Se ha elaborado un folleto titulado Remodelar correctamente: informacion importante sobre los riesgos
causados por el plomo para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas (EPA-740-F-08-002) en
conjuncion con la regulacion, con el fin de distribuirlo a las personas afectadas por el trabajo que altere
la pintura a base de plomo. (Ver la pagina 17 para mas informacion sobre como obtener copias de la
regulacion, del folleto Remodelar correctamente y de otros materiales relacionados).
Es posible que existan otros requisites locales o estatales diferentes de o mas estrictos que los federates
en su estado. Por ejemplo, la legislacion federal permite a la EPA a autorizar a los estados a administrar sus
propios programas en vez del programa federal sobre el plomo. Incluso en los estados en los que no exista
un programa autorizado sobre el plomo, un estado puede dictar sus propias regulaciones que pueden ser
diferentes o ir mas alia de los requisites federates. Para mas informacion sobre las regulaciones aplicables en
su estado, comuniquese con el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo, llamando al
1-800-424-LEAD(5323).
Su opinion es importante. Por favor, revise este manual y comuniquese con el Centra Nacional de
Informacion sobre el Plomo, llamando al 1 -800-424-LEAD (5323) si tiene comentarios referentes a su
utilidad y legibilidad, y si piensa que se necesitan mejoras.
Este documento ha sido publicado por la Agenda de Proteccion Ambiental (EPA por sus siglas en
ingles) como el manual oficial de cumplimiento para pequefias empresas, segun lo requerido por la Ley
de Aplicacion Regulatoria Justa para Pequefias Empresas de 1996 (SBREFA, por sus siglas en ingles).
Antes de comenzar a utilizarlo, debe saber que la informacion en este documento fue compilada y
publicada en junio de 2008. La EPA esta mejorando y actualizando continuamente sus regulaciones,
politicas, programas de cumplimiento e iniciativas de alcance. Para mas informacion sobre si la EPA ha
revisado o suplementado la informacion en esta guia, llame al Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el
Plomo, llamando al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
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iQue es el Programa de Pintura, Renovacion y Reparacion de
Pintura a base de Plomo (RRP)?
El Programa de Pintura, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pintura a base de Plomo es un programa federal
regulador que afecta a contratistas, administradores de propiedad y otras personas que alteran
superficies pintadas.
Se aplica a viviendas residenciales, apartamentos y centres ocupados por nifios tales como escuelas y
centres de cuidado infantil construidos antes de 1978.
Incluye requisites de educacion anteriores a la renovacion, asi como capacitacion, acreditacion y
requisites de normas laborales.
- Los requisites de educacion anteriores a la renovacion ya estan en vigencia:
Los contratistas, administradores de propiedad y otras personas que realizan renovaciones a
cambio de remuneracion en viviendas residenciales, apartamentos y centres ocupados por nifios
construidos antes de 1978 deben distribuir un folleto informativo sobre el plomo antes de comenzar
el trabajo de renovacion.
- Los requisites de capacitacion, acreditacion y normas laborales entraran en vigor el 22 de abril de
2010:
Las empresas deben tener una acreditacion, sus empleados deben haber recibido capacitacion
sobre el empleo de normas laborales para trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo y deben
seguirse estas normas para minimizar la exposicion de los ocupantes a los riesgos causados por
el plomo.
En un sentido amplio, se define como "renovacion" toda actividad que altere las superficies pintadas,
incluyendo la mayoria de las actividades de reparacion, remodelado y mantenimiento, incluida la
sustitucion de ventanas.
El programa incluye los requisites que implementen tanto la Seccion 402(c) como la 406(b) de la Ley de
Control de Sustancias Toxicas (TSCA). (www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/titleten.html) (en ingles)
Las reglamentaciones de la EPA sobre el plomo se encuentran en 40 CFR Parte 745, Subparte E.
iComo puede ayudarme este manual?
El comprender los requisites del programa sobre el plomo puede ayudarle a proteger a sus clientes contra
los riesgos causados por el plomo y por lo tanto, puede reportarle mas negocio a usted.
Este manual presenta pasos sencillos a tomar para cumplir con lo estipulado en el programa de la EPA
sobre el plomo. Tambien incluye modos en los que puede incorporar estos pasos facilmente en su
trabajo.
Distribuir el folleto sobre el plomo e incorporar las normas laborales requeridas en su lugar de trabajo
contribuira a proteger a sus clientes y ocupantes contra los riesgos causados por la pintura a base
de plomo.
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iQuien debe cumplir los requisites de la regulacion sobre el
plomo de 2008?
En general, toda persona que reciba remuneracion por realizar trabajo que altere la
pintura en viviendas y centres ocupados por nifios construidos antes de 1978, lo
cual puede incluir, entre otros:
Propietarios/administradores de propiedad residencial de alquiler
Contratistas generates
Contratistas especializados, incluidos los:
- Pintores
- Plomeros
- Carpi nteros
- Electricistas
iQue actividades estan sujetas al Programa de Pintura,
Renovacion y Reparacion de Pintura a base de Plomo?
En general, toda actividad que altere la pintura en viviendas y centres ocupados por nifios construidos antes
de 1978, incluyendo:
Remodelacion y reparaciones/mantenimiento
Trabajo electrico
Plomeria
Pintura
Carpi nteria
Sustitucion de ventanas
iQue viviendas o actividades quedan excluidas y no estan
sujetas a la regulacion?
Viviendas construidas en 1978 o despues.
Viviendas para personas de edad avanzada o discapacitadas, a menos que haya
nifios menores de 6 afios que residan o vayan a residir alii.
Viviendas sin dormitorios designados (apartamentos "estudio", dormitorios,
estudiantiles, etc.).
Viviendas o componentes declarados sin plomo por un inspector acreditado
o asesor de riesgos.
Actividades de reparacion y mantenimiento menores que alteren 6 pies
cuadrados o menos de superficie de pintura por cuarto en interiores, o
20 pies cuadrados o menos en superficies exteriores de una vivienda o edificio.
Nota: las actividades de reparacion y mantenimiento menores no incluyen la sustitucion de ventanas
proyectos que conlleven demolicion o normas prohibidas.
y los
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iQue me exige el programa que haga?
Requisites de educacion anteriores a la renovacion - En vigencia ahora.
En la vivienda, debe:
- Distribuir el folleto de la EPA sobre el plomo al propietario y a los ocupantes antes de comenzar
la renovacion.
En un centra ocupado por ninos, debe:
- Distribuir el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario del edificio o a un representante adulto del centra
ocupado por ninos antes de comenzar la renovacion.
Para trabajo en areas comunes de viviendas multifamiliares o centres ocupados por ninos, debe:
- Distribuir avisos de renovacion a los inquilinos o padres/tutores legates de los ninos que asisten al
centra infantil. O debe publicar rotulos informativos sobre la renovacion o el trabajo de reparacion.
Los rotulos informativos deben:
- Estar puestos en lugares donde puedan verse con facilidad;
- Describir el tipo, lugares y fechas de la renovacion; y
- Estar acompafiados por el folleto sobre el plomo o por informacion sobre como los padres y tutores
legates pueden obtener una copia gratuita del mismo (ver la pagina 31 para informacion sobre como
obtener copias).
Obtener confirmacion de haber recibido el folleto sobre el plomo (ver la pagina 23) del propietario,
representante adulto u ocupantes (segun corresponda), o un certificado de haberlo enviado por correo
de la oficina de correos.
Retener registros por un periodo de tres anos.
Nota: Los requisites de educacion anteriores a la renovacion no son aplicables a renovaciones de
emergencia. Las renovaciones de emergencia incluyen controles temporales realizados como respuesta a
un nino residente con un nivel elevado de plomo en la sangre.
Requisites de capacitacion, acreditacion y normas laborales-
En vigor a partir del 22 de abril de 2010.
Las empresas deben poseer una acreditacion.
Los renovadores deben haber recibido capacitacion.
Deben seguirse normas laborales para trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo. Por ejemplo:
- Contencion del area de trabajo para evitar que salgan polvo y desechos del area.
- Prohibicion de ciertas normas laborales como quemar a fuego abierto y la utilizacion de herramientas
electricas sin control de ventilacion HEPA.
- Limpieza profunda seguida por un proceso de verificacion para minimizar la exposicion a riesgos
causados por la pintura a base de plomo.
Los requisites de capacitacion, acreditacion y normas laborales no son aplicables cuando la empresa
obtenga una declaracion del propietario de que se cumplen todas las siguientes condiciones:
- La renovacion se realizara en la residencia del propietario;
- No reside en ese lugar ningun nino menor de 6 anos;
- No reside en ese lugar ninguna mujer embarazada;
- La vivienda no es un centra ocupado por ninos; y
- El propietario reconoce que la empresa de renovacion no tendra el deber de emplear las normas
laborales estipuladas en la regulacion.
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iCuando son completamente aplicables esos requisites a mi
caso?
Abril de 2009:
- Los proveedores de capacitacion pueden comenzar a solicitar la acreditacion.
- Una vez que los proveedores hayan recibido la acreditacion, pueden ofrecer cursos de capacitacion
que permitiran a los renovadores recibir su acreditacion.
Octubre de 2009 - Las empresas de renovacion pueden comenzar a solicitar la acreditacion de la EPA.
Abril de 2010 - El programa entra en pleno vigor. Deben seguirse las normas laborales estipuladas en
el mismo.
iComo puede una empresa recibir acreditacion?
A partir de octubre de 2009, las empresas pueden solicitar la acreditacion de la EPA para realizar
renovaciones o muestras de polvo. Para solicitarla, una empresa debe enviar a la EPA una "Solicitud para
Empresas" completamente rellenada, firmada por un agente autorizado de la empresa, y pagar las tarifas
correspondientes. Para obtener una copia de la "Solicitud para Empresas", comuniquese con NLIC llamando
al 1 -800-424-LEAD (5323) o visite www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovation.htm.
HI ILII EI
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iQue responsabilidades tiene una empresa acreditada?
Las empresas que realizan renovaciones deben garantizar que:
1. Todas las personas que realizan actividades que alteren superficies pintadas en nombre de la empresa
deben ser renovadores acreditados o haber recibido capacitacion de un renovador acreditado.
2. Un renovador acreditado este asignado a cada renovacion y realice todas las responsabilidades de los
renovadores acreditados.
3. Todas las renovaciones realizadas por la empresa se llevan a cabo de acuerdo con el estandar de normas
laborales del Programa de Pintura, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pintura a base de Plomo (ver el diagrama
en la pagina 9 para detalles sobre el estandar de normas laborales).
4. Se cumplan los requisites de educacion anteriores a la renovacion del Programa de Pintura, Renovacion y
Reparacion de Pintura a base de Plomo.
5. Se cumplan los requisites de registro del programa.
iComo puede un renovador recibir su acreditacion?
Para recibir su acreditacion, un renovador debe haber completado con exito un curso inicial de capacit-
acion de renovador, de ocho horas de duracion, ofrecido por un proveedor de capacitacion acreditado (los
proveedores de capacitacion estan acreditados por la EPA o por un programa estatal o tribal autorizado). El
certificado de haber completado el curso sirve de evidencia de acreditacion. Los proveedores de capacit-
acion pueden solicitar la acreditacion de capacitacion de renovador y tecnico de muestras de polvo a partir
de abril de 2009. Una vez que hayan recibido su acreditacion, los capacitadores pueden comenzar a brindar
la capacitacion de acreditacion.
iExisten requisites simplificados para contratistas que hayan
recibido anteriormente capacitacion sobre el plomo?
Si, las personas que hayan completado con exito un curso de reduccion de plomo acreditado para traba-
jadores o supervisores, o aquellas personas que hayan completado con exito un curso de capacitacion de
renovacion modelo de la EPA, del Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano (HUD por sus siglas en
ingles) o de la EPA/HUD, solamente necesitan tomar un curso de actualizacion de capacitacion de reno-
vacion de cuatro horas de duracion en lugar del curso inicial de capacitacion de renovador de ocho horas
para conseguir su acreditacion.
iCuales son las responsabilidades de un renovador
acreditado?
Los renovadores acreditados tienen la responsabilidad de garantizar el cumplimiento general de los req-
uisites de las normas laborales para trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo, del Programa de Pin-
tura, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pintura a base de Plomo en las renovaciones que tienen a su cargo. Un
renovador acreditado (ver el diagrama en la pagina 9 para detalles sobre el estandar de normas laborales):
1. Debe utilizar un kit de pruebas aceptable para la EPA, cuando asi sea solicitado por la parte que contrata
los servicios de renovacion, para determinar si los componentes que resultaran afectados por la reno-
vacion contienen pintura a base de plomo (la EPA anunciara que kits de prueba son aceptables antes de
abril de 2010. Por favor, visite nuestro sitio Web al www.epa.gov/lead) (en ingles).
2. Debe proporcionar capacitacion en el trabajo a trabajadores sobre las normas laborales que emplearan
para realizar las tareas asignadas.
3. Debe estar presente fisicamente en el lugar de trabajo cuando se coloquen rotulos de advertencia,
cuando se contenga el area de trabajo y cuando se realice la limpieza del area de trabajo.
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4. Debe dirigir con regularidad el trabajo que realizan otras personas para garantizar que se empleen las
normas laborales correctas, incluido el mantenimiento de la integridad de las barreras de contencion y el
asegurar que el polvo o escombros no se esparzan mas alia del area de trabajo.
5. Debe estar disponible, en persona o por telefono, en todo momento durante las renovaciones.
6. Debe realizar la verificacion de limpieza del proyecto.
7. Debe tener consigo en el lugar de trabajo copias del certificado de haber completado el curso inicial y su
certificado de haber completado el curso mas reciente.
8. Debe preparar la documentacion requerida.
iCuanto tiempo duran las acreditaciones de empresa y
renovador?
Para mantener su acreditacion, los renovadores y las empresas deben ser reacreditados por la EPA cada
cinco anos. Una empresa debe enviar a la EPA una "Solicitud para Empresas" completamente rellenada,
firmada por un agente de la empresa, y pagar las tarifas correspondientes. Los renovadores deben comple-
tar con exito un curso de actualizacion de capacitacion proporcionado por un proveedor de capacitacion
acreditado.
iCuales son los requisites de documentacion?
Deben guardarse todos los documentos por un periodo de tres anos despues de haber completado
la renovacion.
Los documentos que deben guardarse incluyen:
Informes que certifiquen que no existe pintura a base de plomo.
Informes relacionados con la distribucion del folleto sobre el plomo.
Cualquier declaracion firmada y fechada recibida del propietario u ocupantes que documente que los
requisitos no son aplicables (por ejemplo, que no hay nifios menores de 6 anos o mujeres embarazadas
que residan en la vivienda y que no se trata de un centra ocupado por nifios).
Documentacion de conformidad con los requisitos del Programa de Pintura, Renovacion y
Reparacion de Pintura a base de Plomo (la EPA ha preparado un formulario de muestra, que
se encuentra disponible en www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/samplechecklist.pdf) (en ingles).
iCuales son las normas laborales requeridas?
Los diagramas en las siguientes paginas le ayudaran a determinar si su proyecto esta sujeto a los
requisitos del Programa de Pintura, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pintura a base de Plomo y de ser
asi, a los requisitos especificos para su proyecto en particular. Los diagramas y otra informacion
incluida en esta guia, no son considerados como sustitutos de la capacitacion oficial.
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Puntos claves de la regulacion del programa de la EPAsobre el plomo
aplicables los requisites a la renovacion?
Si va a recibir dinero por realizar trabajo que altere superficies pintadas en una vivienda, edificio de aparta-
mentos o centra ocupado por nifios construidos antes de 1978, responda a las preguntas a continuacion
para determinar si el programa de la EPA sobre el plomo le exige que distribuya el folleto sobre el plomo y/o
si necesitara cumplir con los requisites de capacitacion, acreditacion y normas laborales cuando realice el
trabajo.
^Requiere el trabajo realizar actividades que alteren superficies
pintadas en una vivienda o centra ocupado por nifios construido
antes del 978?
^Existe ALGUNA de estas condiciones?
El trabajo es un proyecto de reduccion del plomo.
El trabajo consiste solamente en reparaciones o mantenimiento
menores que alteran un area inferior a 6 pies cuadrados de
superficies pintadas por cuarto para actividades interiores o
menos de 20 pies cuadrados de superficies pintadas para
actividades al exterior. Nota: esto no incluye la sustitucion de
ventanas, la demolicion o proyectos que conlleven normas
prohibidas.
Se ha determinado que la vivienda no tiene pintura a base
de plomo. Esta determinacion fue realizada por un inspector
o asesor de riesgo acreditados, o un renovador acreditado,
utilizando un kit de pruebas reconocido por la EPA, ha
determinado que los componentes que se estan renovando
no tienen pintura a base de plomo.
La vivienda es un edificio de unidades sin dormitorios
(apartamentos "estudio", residencias estudiantiles, etc.).
La vivienda es para personas de edad avanzada o
discapacitadas y nifios menores de 6 afios no viven alii y
ni se espera que vivan alii.
i,Es el proyecto una renovacion de emergencia?
Se consideran como renovaciones de emergencia:
1. Actividades que no fueron planificadas pero que si no se
realizan inmediatamente presentan un riesgo de seguridad
o pueden causar un dafio significativo para el equipo y/o la
propiedad.
O
2. Se han realizado controles temporales como respuesta a un
nivel de plomo elevado en la sangre en un nino residente.
Necesitara proporcionar el folleto sobre el plomo. Ver el
Diagrama 2 para informacion sobre requisites especfficos.
Los requisites
del Programa
de Pintura,
Renovacion y
Reparacion de
Pintura a base de
Plomo no
son aplicables.
Los requisites del
programa de educacion
anterior a la renovacion
no son aplicables.
Ver el Diagrama 3
para determinar que
requisites especfficos
de capacitacion de
renovacion y normas
laborales son
aplicables al trabajo.
Diagrama 1
-------
iComo cumplo con los requisites de educacion anteriores a la
renovacion?
Los requisites de distribucion de materiales educativos anteriores a la renovacion varfan segun el lugar de
la renovacion. Seleccione el lugar a continuacion que mejor describe la ubicacion de su producto, y siga el
procedimiento aplicable a la derecha.
Renovaciones
en unidades de
vivienda ocupadas
por los propietarios
Renovaciones
en unidades de
vivienda ocupadas
por inquilinos
Renovaciones
en areas comunes
de unidades de
vivienda
multifamiliares
Renovaciones en
Centres ocupados
por ninos
Entregue el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario antes de comenzar
la renovacion y obtenga confirmacion de que lo ha recibido.
O
Envfe el folleto al propietario por correo 7 dfas antes de comenzar la
renovacion y guarde el certificado de envfo por correo.
1. Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario empleando
cualquiera de los procedimientos indicados en la casilla en la
parte superior de esta pagina.
2. Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al inquilino por
cualquiera de estos dos metodos:
(a) Entregue el folleto en la unidad de vivienda antes de
comenzar la renovacion y documente la entrega con una
confirmacion de recibo del folleto o una autocertificacion
de entrega.
O
(b) Envfe el folleto por correo al inquilino por lo menos 7 dfas
antes del comienzo de la renovacion y guarde el certificado
de envfo por correo.
1. Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario empleando
cualquiera de los procedimientos indicados en la casilla en la
parte superior de esta pagina.
2. Notifique a los inquilinos y ponga el folleto a su disposicion,
o coloque rotulos que describan la renovacion. Los rotulos
deben incluir el folleto o informacion sobre como examinar
una copia.
3. Mantenga documentacion escrita que describe los
procedimientos de notificacion.
4. Proporcione avisos adicionales de renovacion si se producen
cambios de lugar, tiempo o ambito de la renovacion.
Proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo al propietario del edificio
empleando:
(a) El procedimiento indicado en la casilla en la parte superior
de esta pagina.
O
(b) Si el centra ocupado por ninos no es el propietario del
edificio, proporcione el folleto sobre el plomo por uno de
estos metodos:
(i) Obtenga un acuse de recibo por escrito de que un
representante adulto recibio el folleto; o certifique por
escrito que se entrego un folleto.
O
2.
(ii) Obtenga un certificado de envfo por correo al menos 7 dfas
antes de la renovacion.
Proporcione a los padres o tutores legales de los ninos que
utilicen el centre informacion por uno de estos metodos:
(a) Envfe por correo o entregue a mano el folleto sobre el
plomo e informacion sobre la renovacion a cada uno de los
padres o tutores legales.
(b) Coloque rotulos que describan la renovacion. Los rotulos
deben incluir el folleto o informacion sobre como examinar
una copia del mismo.
Verel
Diagrama 3
para
informacion
sobre los
requisites
especificos de
capacitacion
y normas
laborales para
el trabajo.
Diagrama 2
-------
iSon aplicables la capacitacion y normas laborables de renovacion?
i,\-\a obtenido la empresa una declaracion firmada del propietario
que indique que:
1. La renovacion tendra lugar en la residencia del propietario;
2. No reside ningun nino menor de 6 afios en ese lugar;
3. No reside ninguna mujer embarazada alii;
4. La vivienda no es un centra ocupado por nifios; Y
5. El propietario reconoce que la empresa de renovaciones no
tendra que emplear las normas laborales contenidas en la
regulacion.
iSe trata el proyecto de una renovacion de emergencia?
ilncluye el proyecto controles temporales realizados como
respuesta a un nivel de plomo en la sangre elevado en un nino
residente del edificio?
Los proyectos de emergencia quedan exentos de los requisites
de rotulos de advertencia, contencion, tratamiento de desechos,
capacitacion y acreditacion en la medida necesaria para respond-
er a la emergencia. Las renovaciones de emergencia NO estan
exentas de los requisites de limpieza y verificacion de limpieza.
Vea el Diagrama 5 para informacion sobre los requisites de limp-
ieza y verificacion de limpieza en interiores, y el Diagrama 8 para
los requisites de limpieza y verificacion de limpieza en espacios
exteriores.
Los requisites de
capacitacion y
normas laborales
no son aplicables.
Pase al
Diagrama 4 para
ver los requisites
de normas laborales
Diagrama 3
-------
Requisites de normas laborales
Generates
(A) Las renovaciones deben ser realizadas por empresas acreditadas que emplean a renovadores
acreditados.
(B) Las empresas deben colocar rotulos que definan claramente el area de trabajo y adviertan a los
ocupantes y a otras personas que no esten participapando en las actividades de renovacion a
permanecer fuera del area de trabajo. Estos rotulos deben estar en el idioma de los ocupantes.
(C) Antes de la renovacion, la empresa debe contener el area de trabajo para que no escape polvo
ni desechos durante la renovacion.
(D) Quedan prohibidas las siguientes normas laborales durante el proceso de renovacion:
1. Quemar pintura a base de plomo a fuego abierto o con soplete;
2. Usar maquinas que eliminen la pintura a base de plomo por medio de operacion a alta
velocidad, como de lijado, molido, limado electrico, pistola de agujas, limpieza abrasiva
o de lija, a menos que se utilicen con un control de escape HEPA; y
3. Operar una pistola de calor en pintura a base de plomo a temperaturas de 1100 grades
Fahrenheit o superiores.
(E) Desechos de las renovaciones:
1. Los desechos de las actividades de renovacion deben estar contenidos para evitar que escape
polvo y restos antes de que se retiren del area de trabajo para almacenamiento o desecho.
2. Al finalizar cada Jornada laboral y al terminar la renovacion, deben guardarse los desechos
recogidos para evitar el acceso a los mismos y que suelten polvo y restos.
3. Los desechos transportados de actividades de renovacion deben estar contenidos para que
no suelten polvo y restos.
Proyectos
de renovacion
interior. Ver el
Diagrama 5.
Proyectos
de renovacion
exterior. Ver el
Diagrama 8.
10
Diagrama 4
-------
Requisites de normas laborales especfficos para renovaciones en interiores
La empresa debe:
(A) Retirar todos los objetos del area de trabajo o cubrirlos con pliegos de plastico, sellando todas
las juntas y bordes.
(B) Cerrar y cubrir todos los tubos abiertos en el area de trabajo con pliegos de plastico sellados
con cinta adhesiva.
(C) Cerrar las ventanas y puertas en el area de trabajo. Las puertas deben estar cubiertas
con pliegos de plastico.
(D) Cubrir la superficie del piso en el area de trabajo con pliegos de plastico sellados con cinta
adhesiva, como minimo seis pies mas alia del perfmetro de las superficies que se estan
renovando o una distancia suficiente para contener el polvo, lo que sea mayor.
(E) Ejercer precauciones para garantizar que todo el personal, herramientas y otros articulos,
incluidas las partes exteriores de los contenedores de desechos, carezcan de polvo y restos
cuando salgan del area de trabajo.
(F) Una vez completada la renovacion, la empresa debe limpiar el area de trabajo hasta que
no quede polvo, restos o residues. La empresa debe:
1. Recoger toda la pintura y restos y sellarlos en una bolsa resistente.
2. Retirar y deshacerse de los plasticos protectores como si fuesen desechos.
3. Limpiar todos los objetos y superficies en el area de trabajo y dentro de dos pies de la
misma de la siguiente manera:
a. Limpiar las paredes comenzando por el techo y terminando en el piso, aspirandolas con
un aspirador HEPA o limpiandolas con un pafio humedo.
b. Aspirar bien todas las superficies y objetos que hayan permanecido en el area de
trabajo, incluyendo los muebles y las lamparas, con un aspirador HEPA.
c. Limpiar todas las superficies y objetos que hayan permanecido en el area de
trabajo, salvo las alfombras o tapicerfas, con un pano humedo. Lave los pisos que no
tengan alfombras empleando un metodo de lavado que mantenga el agua sucia
separada del agua de enjuagar, o usando un sistema de trapeo mojado.
Se requiere verificar la limpieza para garantizar que el area de trabajo
quede debidamente limpia y este lista para volver a ser ocupada.
Ver el Diagrama 6 para instrucciones sobre como realizar la
verificacion de limpieza para proyectos de interiores.
Diagrama 5 11
-------
Verification de limpieza de interiores: inspection visual y pruebas
opcionales de aprobacion
El renovador acreditado debe realizar una inspeccion. ^Hay polvo,
residues o restos?
Debe volver a
limpiarseelareay
realizarse otra
inspeccion.
<-,Requiere el contrato, u otra regulacion federal, estatal, territorial,
tribal o local, pruebas de limpieza al finalizar la renovacion?
-------
Verificacion de limpieza de interiores: pisos, mostradores y repisas de ventanas
Nota: para areas superiores a 40 pies cuadrados, divida el area en secciones y utilice un pafio nuevo
desechable para limpiar cada seccion.
El renovador acreditado debe limpiar todos los pisos sin alfom-
bras, mostradores y repisas de ventanas en el area de trabajo con
un pano de limpiar humedo y desechable. ^Esta el pano utilizado
para el area mas oscuro que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza?
Vuelva a limpiar las areas que no pasaron la inspeccion emple-
ando los procedimientos del Diagrama 5 y luego utilice un nuevo
pano de limpieza desechable humedo para esas areas otra vez.
iEsta el pano utilizado para el area mas oscuro que la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza?
Espere a que seque por completo el area o a que transcurra 1
hora, lo que tarde mas. Una vez que haya secado, limpie el area
con un pano desechable seco.
Se ha limpiado
correctamente el
area de trabajo
y pueden
retirarse los
rotulos de
advertencia.
iHaterminado!
Diagrama 7
13
-------
Requisites de normas laborales especfficos para renovaciones en exteriores
La empresa debe:
(A) Cerrar todas las puertas y ventanas a una distancia inferior a 20 pies de la renovacion.
(B) Garantizar que las puertas en el area de trabajo que vayan a utilizarse cuando se realice el
trabajo esten cubiertas con pliegues de plastico de forma que los frabajadores puedan
pasar pero confengan el polvo y los resfos.
(C) Cubrir el suelo con pliegues de plastico u ofro maferial impermeable desechable extendiendose
como minimo 10 pies mas alia del perimetro o la disfancia suficienfe para recoger los resfos
de pinfura que caigan, lo que suponga mayor disfancia.
(D) En sifuaciones en las que las areas de frabajo se encuenfren muy cerca de ofros edificios,
en climas venfosos, etc., la empresa de renovacion debe ejercer precaucion adicional para
contener el area de trabajo, como por ejemplo, la contencion vertical.
(E) Una vez completada la renovacion, la empresa debe limpiar el area de trabajo hasta que
queden polvo, restos o residues. La empresa debe:
1. Recoger toda la pintura y restos y sellarlos en una bolsa resistente.
2. Retirar y deshacerse de los plasticos protectores como si fuesen desechos.
3. Los desechos transportados de actividades de renovacion deben contenerse para evitar
que se suelten polvo y restos.
Un renovador acreditado debe realizar una inspeccion visual.
^Existen polvo, restos o residues?
Deben eliminarse
estas condiciones
y realizarse otra
inspeccion visual.
Se ha limpiado el
area correctamente;
se pueden retirar
los rotulos de
advertencia.
iHa terminado!
14
Diagrama 8
-------
iComo se determina mi cumplimiento y que sucede si la
agenda descubre una infraccion?
Para maximizar el cumplimiento, la EPA implementa un programa equilibrado de asistencia e incentives
para el cumplimiento y de aplicacion tradicional de la ley. EPA sabe que las pequenas empresas que de-
ben cumplir con nuevos estatutos o regulaciones complejas con frecuencia desean hacer lo correcto, pero
pueden carecer de los conocimientos, recursos o aptitudes requeridos. La informacion sobre asistencia con
el cumplimiento y el asesoramiento tecnico ayudan a las pequenas empresas a comprender y a cumplir con
sus obligaciones ambientales. Los incentives de cumplimiento tales como la Politica de Pequenas Empresas
de la EPA, se aplican a empresas con 100 empleados o menos y alientan a las personas a descubrir, divul-
gar y corregir voluntariamente infracciones antes de que las identifique el gobierno (existe mas informacion
sobre la Politica de Pequenas Empresas de la EPA disponible en www.epa.gov/compliance/incentives/small-
business/index.html). El programa de aplicacion de la ley de la EPA tiene la finalidad de proteger al publico
identificando a personas o empresas que no cumplen ni cooperan para cumplir con sus obligaciones
legales.
La EPA emplea una variedad de metodos para determinar si las empresas estan cumpliendo con los req-
uisites, incluyendo la inspeccion de lugares de trabajo, revision de registros e informes, y la respuesta a
informacion y quejas recibidas de los ciudadanos. En virtud de TSCA, la EPA (o un estado si se le ha del-
egado este programa al mismo), puede presentar una accion de aplicacion de la ley contra los infractores,
intentando conseguir multas por un maximo de $32,500 por infraccion, por dia. La multa propuesta en
cada caso dependera de muchos factores, incluyendo el numero, longitud y gravedad de las infracciones,
el beneficio economico obtenido por el infractor y su capacidad de pago. La EPA ha implementado politicas
para garantizar que se calculen las multas de modo justo. Estas politicas estan a disposicion del publico.
Asimismo, una empresa sentenciada de una infraccion tiene derecho a refutar los alegatos de la EPA y su
multa propuesta ante un juez o jurado imparciales.
La EPA alienta a las pequenas empresas a trabajar con la Agenda para descubrir, divulgar y corregir las
infracciones. La Agenda ha elaborado politicas de autodivulgacion, para pequenas empresas y para comu-
nidades pequenas a fin de modificar las multas para las empresas pequenas y grandes que cooperan con
la EPA para solucionar problemas de cumplimiento. Ademas, la EPA ha establecido centres de asistencia
con el cumplimiento para servir a mas de un millon de pequenas empresas (ver Centra de Asistencia con
el Cumplimiento para el Sector de la Construccion en relacion con esta regulacion en www.cicacenter.org)
(en ingles). Para mas informacion sobre la asistencia con el cumplimiento y otros programas de la EPA para
pequenas empresas, comuniquese con el Representante de Pequenas Empresas de la EPA llamando al
202-566-2075.
15
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Preguntas frecuentes
iCual es el estado legal de esta gufa?
Esta gufa fue preparada en virtud de la seccion 21 2 de SBREFA. La EPA ha intentado ayudar a explicar en
esta gufa lo que usted debe hacer para cumplir con la Ley de Control de Substancias Toxicas (TSCA) y las
regulaciones sobre el plomo de la EPA. No obstante, esta gufa no tiene efecto legal y no crea ningun dere-
cho legal. El cumplimiento de los procedimientos descritos en ella no establece conformidad con la norma
ni establece una suposicion o deduccion de cumplimiento. Los requisites legales aplicables al trabajo de
renovacion estan regulados por la Regulacion sobre el Plomo de 2008 de la EPA, la cual controla si existen
inconsistencias entre la regulacion y la informacion en esta gufa.
iSe considera el pintar como trabajo de renovacion si no se produce ninguna
actividad de preparacion?
No. Si la superficie a pintar no se altera lijandola, raspandola o por medio de otras actividades que puedan
causar polvo, el trabajo no se considera como renovacion y no son aplicables los requisites del programa
sobre el plomo de la EPA. Sin embargo, los proyectos de pintado que conlleven la preparacion de la superfi-
cie que altere la pintura, como lijado y raspado, sf estarfan cubiertos.
e sucede si hago la renovacion en mi propio hogar?
Las regulaciones del programa sobre el plomo de la EPA solamente se aplican a renovaciones realizadas a
cambio de remuneracion. Por lo tanto, si trabaja en su propio hogar, las normas no son aplicables. La EPA
alienta a los propietarios de viviendas a emplear normas laborales para trabajar de una manera segura con el
plomo, para que se protejan a sf mismos, a sus familias y salvaguarden el valor de sus viviendas.
iSe considera una renovacion realizada por propietarios de viviendas de alquiler
o empleados de una empresa de gestion de propiedad como una renovacion
remunerada en virtud de las regulaciones del programa sobre el plomo de la EPA?
Sf. El recibo de pagos de alquiler o salaries derivados de pagos de alquiler se considera como remuneracion
en virtud del programa sobre el plomo de la EPA. Por lo tanto, las actividades de renovacion realizadas por
los propietarios de viviendas de alquiler o empleados de los mismos estan cubiertas.
que entregar el folleto sobre el plomo con siete dias de antelacion al
comienzo de las actividades de renovacion?
El requisite de entrega con 7 dfas de antelacion solamente es aplicable cuando entregue el folleto por
correo; de lo contrario, puede entregarlo en cualquier momento antes de comenzar la renovacion, siempre
y cuando esta comience dentro de los 60 dfas siguientes a la fecha de entrega del folleto . Por ejemplo, si
su renovacion ha de comenzar el 30 de mayo, puede entregar el folleto en persona entre el 1 ° de abril y el
comienzo del proyecto el 30 de mayo, o puede enviarlo por correo entre el 1 ° de abril y el 23 de mayo.
Consejos para facilitar el cumplimiento
1. Para su comodidad, se incluyen los ejemplos de formularios en las paginas 23 y 25 de este manual
en el folleto Remodelar correctamente, (ver la pagina 31 para mas informacion sobre como obtener
copias). Adjunte los formularios a la parte trasera de sus contratos de renovacion o reparacion con
clientes. Pueden presentarse los formularios completamente rellenos con la documentacion normal.
2. Planifique con tiempo para obtener suficientes copias del folleto sobre el plomo (ver la pagina 31
para mas informacion sobre como obtener copias del folleto).
16
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iDonde puedo obtener mas informacion?
Encontrara mas informacion disponible en el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo
(1 -800-424-LEAD) y en el Internet visitando el www.epa.gov/lead (en ingles) y en espanol en el
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadinfoesp.htm. Entre los recursos disponibles, encontrara:
La version completa (en ingles) de la regulacion del Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion
de Pinturas a base de Plomo.
Guia de interpretacion, con informacion mas detallada sobre los requisites de la regulacion.
Una version descargable del folleto sobre el plomo:
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf (en ingles) y
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochuresp.pdf (en espanol).
iPor que es peligrosa la pintura a base de plomo?
El plomo penetra en el cuerpo cuando se traga o ingiere. Las personas, y en
especial los ninos, pueden tragar polvo de plomo al comer, jugar y realizar otras
actividades con las manos y la boca. Tambien se puede respirar el polvo o gases
de plomo al alterar pintura a base de plomo. Las personas que lijen, raspen,
quemen, cepillen, remuevan o alteren de otro modo pintura a base de plomo
se arriesgan a exponerse peligrosamente al plomo.
El plomo es especialmente peligroso para los ninos
menores de 6 anos de edad.
El plomo puede afectar al cerebro del nino y a su sistema nervioso en desarrollo,
causando:
Un cociente intelectual inferior y discapacidades del aprendizaje.
Problemas de la conducta.
Incluso los ninos que parecen sanos pueden tener niveles peligrosos de plomo en el cuerpo.
El plomo es tambien perjudicial para los adultos. En los adultos, los niveles bajos de
plomo pueden presentar muchos peligros, incluyendo:
Alta presion arterial e hipertension.
Las mujeres embarazadas expuestas al plomo pueden
transferirlo a sus bebes.
17
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Otros recursos
Para informacion adicional sobre como protegerse y proteger a sus clientes contra los peligros causados por
la pintura a base de plomo, visite el www.epa.gov/lead o llame al Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el
Plomo al 1 -800-424-LEAD (5323). En dicha linea telefonica gratuita, hay operadoras que hablan espanol e
ingles.
Los documentos disponibles en espanol e ingles son:
Remodelar correctamente: informacion importante sobre los riesgos causados por el plomo para familias,
proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas
Joint EPA-HUD Curriculum: Lead Safety for Remodeling, Repair, and Painting*
La seguridad con la pintura de plomo: Una gufa practica para la pintura, el mantenimiento y las
renovaciones en las viviendas
Testing Your Home for Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil*
Combata el Envenenamiento con Plomo con una dieta saludable
Protej'a a Su Familia Contra el Plomo en el Hogar
Lead in Your Home: A Parent's Reference Guide*
*No disponible en espanol
for Remodeling, I
Repoir,& Painting
18
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Terminologia clave
Certificado de envfo por correo Una verificacion escrita del Servicio de Correos de haber enviado el fol-
leto sobre el plomo a un propietario o inquilino. Es menos costoso que el correo certificado, el cual tambien
es aceptable para cumplir con los requisites del Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas
a base de Plomo. (Nota: Si utiliza esta opcion de entrega, debe enviarpor correo el folleto con una antel-
acion minima de siete dias en relacion con el comienzo de la renovacion.)
Inspector acreditado o asesor de riesgos Una persona que ha recibido capacitacion y esta acreditado
por la EPA o un estado autorizado o Tribu India para realizar inspecciones o evaluaciones de riesgo de pin-
tura con plomo.
Centra ocupado por ninos Puede incluir, entre otros, centres de cuidado infantil, preescolar, yjardines
de infancia. Pueden estar ubicados en edificios de viviendas o en edificios publicos o comerciales. La regu-
lacion define un "centra ocupado por ninos" como un edificio o una porcion del mismo construido antes de
1978, visitado regularmente por el mismo nino menor de 6 afios de edad, al menos dos dias diferentes por
semana (en un periodo de domingo a sabado), siempre y cuando la visita de cada dia dure al menos tres
horas y las visitas semanales en total duren al menos seis horas, y las visitas anuales en total duren al menos
60 horas.
Tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza Una tarjeta creada y distribuida, o aprobada de otro modo, por la
EPA con la finalidad de determinar, por medio de la comparacion de pafios de limpieza desechables secos y
humedos con la tarjeta, si se ha realizado correctamente la limpieza posterior a la renovacion.
Area comun Una parte de un edificio que generalmente es accesible a todos los residentes o usuarios.
Entre otras (pero no se limitan a) pueden ser los pasillos, escaleras, salas de lavanderia, salas de recreo,
patios de juegos, centres comunitarios y areas cercadas. El termino se aplica tanto al interior como al ex-
terior del edificio. (Nota: Los requisites del Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas de
Plomo relacionados con areas comunes se aplican solamente a viviendas multifamiliares.)
Componente Un disefio especifico o elemento estructural o fijo distinguido por su forma, funcion y
ubicacion. Un componente puede estar ubicado dentro o fuera de la unidad.
Ejemplos
Interior
Techos
Moldura
Paredes
Puertas y marcos
Pisos
Chimeneas
Radiadores
Estantes
Peldahos de escaleras
Ventanas y marcos
Gabinetes fijos
Vigas
Gabinetes de bahos
Mostradores
Acondicionadores de a/re
Exterior
Tej'ado pintado
Chimeneas
Tapajuntas
Canaletas y baj'antes
Techos
Aleros de tej'ado
Puertas y marcos
Vallas
Pisos
Juntas
Pasamanos
Repisas y aleros de ventanas
Acondicionadores de a/re
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Acuse de recibo del folleto de informacion sobre los riesgos creados por el plomo Un formulario
firmado por el propietario o inquilino de la vivienda confirmando haber recibido una copia del folleto sobre el
plomo antes de comenzar la renovacion. (Ver el ejemplo en la pagina 23.)
Renovacion de emergencia Actividades de renovacion no planificadas realizadas como respuesta a un
evento repentino e inesperado que, si no se resuelve inmediatamente, presenta un riesgo de seguridad o
salud publica o puede causar un dafio significativo a la propiedad.
Ejemplos
Renovacion para reparar los danos causados por la caida de un arbol sobre la casa.
Renovacion para reparar una tuberfa que ha reventado en un complejo de apartamentos.
Control temporal realizado como respuesta a un nivel elevado de plomo en la sangre en un nino residente.
Empresa Una compania, asociacion, sociedad, negocio de propiedad unica o persona, asociacion u otra
entidad comercial; una agenda del gobierno federal, esfafal, fribal o local, o una organizacion sin fines de
lucro.
Contratista general Una persona confrafada para la construccion de un edificio o proyecfo en su
fofalidad, en lugar de para una porcion del frabajo. El confrafisfa general confrafa a su vez a los subcontrat-
isfas (por ejemplo, para plomeria, elecfricidad, etc.), coordina todo el trabajo y esta a cargo de pagar a los
subcontratistas.
Viviendas para personas de edad avanzada Comunidades de jubilacion o tipos de viviendas similares
reservados especificamente para familias con una o mas personas de 62 afios de edad o mayores en el
momento de ocupacion inicial de la unidad.
Controles temporales Significa un conjunto de medidas destinadas a reducir temporalmente la ex-
posicion humana o probabilidad de la misma a los riesgos de pintura a base de plomo, incluida la limpieza
especializada, reparaciones, mantenimiento, pintado, contencion temporal, monitoreo continuo de los
riesgos de la pintura a base de plomo o de la posibilidad de los mismos, y el establecimiento y operacion de
programas de educacion de la administracion y los residentes.
Reduccion del plomo Trabajo destinado a eliminar permanentemente los riesgos de la pintura a base de
plomo. Si lo han contratado solamente para realizar trabajo de reduccion del plomo, el Programa de Pintado,
Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo no sera aplicable a su situacion. La reduccion no
incluye las actividades de renovacion, remodelado o de otro tipo realizadas para reparar, restaurar o redis-
efiar un edificio - incluso aunque esas actividades eliminen incidentalmente los riesgos de la pintura a base
de plomo. (Nota: Algunos estados definen este termino de modo diferente al descrito arriba. Consulte a sus
autoridades estatales si no esta seguro de como se define "reduccion del plomo" en su estado.)
Folleto sobre el plomo El folleto con informacion sobre los riesgos del plomo con la finalidad de educar
antes de la renovacion es Remodelar correctamente: informacion importante sobre los riesgos causados por
el plomo para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas, o un folleto alternative aprobado por la
EPA. (Ver la pagina 31 para informacion sobre como obtener copias.)
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Reparaciones y mantenimiento pequenos Actividades que alteran una superficie pintada maxima de 6
pies cuadrados por habitacion para interiores o de un maximo de 20 pies cuadrados para exteriores, en las
que no se emplea ninguna de las normas laborales prohibidas y donde el trabajo no requiere el cambio de
ventanas ni la demolicion de areas de superficies pintadas. Cuando se retiran componentes pintados, o par-
tes de los mismos, el area entera retirada es la cantidad de superficie pintada alterada. Los trabajos que no
sean renovaciones de emergencia, realizados en la misma habitacion dentro de los mismos 30 dias deben
considerarse como parte de un mismo proyecto para fines de determinar si el trabajo es una actividad de
reparacion y mantenimiento menor.
Propietario Cualquier persona o empresa que tenga el titulo legal de una vivienda, incluidas las personas
individuales, asociaciones, sociedades, agendas gubernamentales, tribus aborfgenes y organizaciones sin
fines de lucro.
Normas prohibidas Quedan prohibidas durante la renovacion las normas mencionadas abajo:
Quemar pintura a base de plomo a fuego abierto o con soplete;
Usar maquinas que eliminen la pintura a base de plomo por medio de operacion a alta velocidad, como
de lijado, molido, limado electrico, pistola de agujas, limpieza abrasiva o de lija, a menos que se utilicen
con un control de escape HEPA; y
Operar una pistola de calor en pintura a base de plomo a temperaturas de 1100 grades Fahrenheit
o superiores.
Registro de notificacion Una declaracion escrita documentando las medidas tomadas para notificar a
los ocupantes de actividades de renovacion en areas comunes de viviendas multifamiliares. (Ver la pagina 27
para un ejemplo.)
Renovacion Modificacion de toda o parte de una estructura existente que altera una superficie pintada,
salvo ciertas actividades exentas (por ejemplo, reparaciones y mantenimiento menores). Incluye:
Retirada/modificacion de superficies pintadas, componentes o estructuras;
Actividades de preparacion de superficies (lijado/raspado/otras actividades que pueden crear polvo
de pintura); y
Sustitucion de ventanas.
Ejemplos
1. Demolicion de paredes o techos pintados
2. Reenyesado
3. Reparaciones o me/bras de plomeria
4. Cualquier otra actividad que a/fere superficies pintadas
Aviso de renovacion Aviso a los inquilinos de renovaciones en areas comunes de viviendas multifamili-
ares. (Ver el ejemplo de formulario en la pagina 27.) El aviso debe describir el caracter, ubicacion y tiempo
anticipado de la actividad de renovacion, y debe explicar como puede obtenerse gratis el folleto sobre el
plomo.
Renovador Una persona que realiza o dirige a los trabajadores que realizan la renovacion. Un renova-
dor acreditado es un renovador que ha completado con exito un curso de renovador acreditado por la EPA
o un programa estatal o tribal autorizado por la EPA. (Nota: Puesto que el termino "renovacion" se define
de modo muy general en el Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo,
muchos contratistas que normalmente no se considerarfan como "renovadores" silo son en el programa y
deben cumplir con los requisites de la regulacion.)
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Autocertificacion de entrega Un metodo alternative de
documentar la entrega del folleto de informacion sobre los
riesgos del plomo a un inquilino. Este metodo puede em-
plearse cuando el inquilino no este disponible o no pueda
firmar un acuse de recibo del folleto sobre el plomo. (Ver el
formulario de ejemplo en la pagina 23.) (Nota: Este metodo
no se permite como sustituto de la entrega del folleto sobre el
plomo a un propietario.)
Aviso suplementario de renovacion Aviso adicional
requerido cuando cambia el ambito, lugar o tiempo del
proyecto.
Viviendas sin dormitorios Toda vivienda residencial en
la cual la zona habitable no esta separada de la zona de
dormitorio. Este termino incluye apartamentos de "eficiencia"
y "estudio", viviendas estudiantiles y barracas militares.
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Ejemplo de formulario actual anterior a la renovacion
Para utilizacion hasta abril de 2010.
Acuse de recibo del folleto sobre el plomo
He recibido una copia del folleto sobre el plomo informandome sobre el posible riesgo de la exposicion
al plomo resultante de actividades de renovacion que se realizaran en mi vivienda. He recibido este
folleto antes de comenzar el frabajo.
Nombre del desfinafario (en lefra de imprenfa) Fecha
Firma del desfinafario
Opcion de autocertificacion (solamente para viviendas con inquilinos) Si el folleto sobre el plomo se
enfrego pero no se pudo obfener la firma de un inquilino, puede marcar la casilla correspondienfe abajo.
Se nego a firmar Certifico que he realizado un esfuerzo de buena fe por enfregar el folleto sobre el
plomo a la vivienda de alquiler mencionada abajo en la fecha y hora indicadas, y que el ocupanfe se nego
a firmar el acuse de recibo. Asimismo, certifico que he dejado una copia del folleto en la vivienda con el
ocupanfe.
_No estaba disponible para firmar Certifico que he realizado un esfuerzo de buena fe por entregar el
folleto sobre el plomo a la vivienda de alquiler mencionada abajo y que el ocupante no estaba
disponible para firmar el acuse de recibo. Asimismo certifico que he dejado una copia del folleto en la
unidad deslizandola por debajo de la puerta.
Nombre de la persona que certifica haber intentado la entrega (en letra de imprenta)
Fecha y hora de entrega del folleto sobre el plomo
Firma de la persona que certifica haber entregado el folleto sobre el plomo
Direccion de la unidad
Nota sobre la opcion de envfo por correo Como alternativa a la entrega en persona, puede enviar el
folleto sobre el plomo por correo al propietario e/o inquilino. Debe enviarlo con una antelacion minima de 7
dias a la renovacion (documentelo con un certificado de envfo por correo de la oficina de correos).
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Ejemplo de formulario future anterior a la renovacion
Este ejemplo de formulario puede ser utilizado por las empresas para documentar el cumplimiento de los
requisites del Programa Federal de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo a partir de
abrilde2010.
Confirmacion del ocupante
Recibo del folleto
He recibido una copia del folleto sobre el plomo informandome sobre el posible riesgo de la exposicion al
plomo resultante de actividades de renovacion que se realizaran en mi vivienda. He recibido este folleto
antes de comenzar el trabajo.
Reconocimiento de no participacion del propietario-ocupante
(A) Confirmo que soy propietario y residente de esta vivienda, que no hay nifios menores de 6 afios que
residan aqui, que no hay mujeres embarazadas que residan aqui y que esta vivienda no es un centra
ocupado por nifios.
Nota: Un nino reside en la residencia primaria de sus padres, tutores legales, padres de crianza o cuidador
informal si vive y duerme la mayor parte del tiempo en la residencia del cuidador.
Nota: Un centra ocupado por nifios es un edificio construido antes de 1978 visitado con regularidad por el
mismo nino, menor de 6 afios de edad, al menos dos dias por semana, por 3 horas como minimo cada dia,
siempre y cuando las visitas sumen en total al menos 60 horas por aho.
Si selecciono la casilla A, marque la B o la C, pero no ambas.
(B) Solicito que la empresa de renovacion emplee las mismas normas laborales para trabajar de una manera
segura con el plomo requeridas por el Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base
de Plomo de la EPA; o
(C) Entiendo que la empresa que realiza la renovacion no tendra que emplear las normas laborales para
trabajar de una manera segura con el plomo requeridas por el Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y
Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo de la EPA.
Nombre del propietario - ocupante (en letra de imprenta)
Firma del propietario - ocupante Fecha de firma
Opcion de autocertificacion del renovador (solamente para viviendas con inquilinos)
Instrucciones para el renovador: Si el folleto sobre el plomo se entrego pero no se pudo obtener la firma de
un inquilino, puede marcar la casilla correspondiente abajo.
Se nego a firmar - Certifico que he realizado un esfuerzo de buena fe por entregar el folleto sobre el
plomo a la vivienda de alquiler mencionada abajo en la fecha y hora indicadas, y que el ocupante se nego a
firmar el acuse de recibo. Asimismo, certifico que he dejado una copia del folleto en la vivienda con
el ocupante.
No estaba disponible para firmar - Certifico que he realizado un esfuerzo de buena fe por entregar el
folleto sobre el plomo a la vivienda de alquiler mencionada abajo y que el ocupante no estaba disponible
para firmar el acuse de recibo. Asimismo certifico que he dejado una copia del folleto en la unidad
deslizandola por debajo de la puerta o (escriba como dejo el folleto).
Nombre de la persona que certifica haber intentado la entrega (en letra de imprenta)
Fecha del intento de entrega
Firma de la persona que certifica haber entregado el folleto sobre el plomo
Direccion de la unidad
Nota sobre la opcion de envfo por correo Como alternativa a la entrega en persona, puede enviar el folleto
sobre el plomo por correo al propietario e/o inquilino. Debe enviarlo con una antelacion minima de 7 dias a la
renovacion. El envfo debe ser documentado con un certificado de envfo por correo de la oficina de correos.
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Ejemplo de formularies (continuacion)
Aviso de renovacion Para notificara inquilinos sobre las renovaciones en areas comunes de
viviendas multifamiliares.
Las siguientes actividades de renovacion se llevaran a cabo en estos lugares:
Actividad (ej.: lij'ado, sustitucion de ventanas)
Lugar (ej.: vestibulo, centro de recreo)
La fecha anticipada de comienzo es y la fecha anticipada de terminacion es
. Puesto que se trata de un edificio construido antes de 1978, parte de la pintura alterada
en la renovacion puede contener plomo. Puede obtener una copia del folleto, Remodelar correctamente,
llamandome al . Por favor, deje un mensaje incluyendo su nombre, numero de
telefono y direccion. Le enviare un panfleto por correo o lo deslizare por debajo de su puerta.
Fecha Nombre del renovador (en letra de imprenta)
Firma del renovador
Registro de procedimiento de notificacion de inquilinos Ejemplo de lista futura de registro de
renovaciones
Direccion del proyecto
Calle (n° de apt.)
Ciudad Estado
Codigo postal
Propietario de viviendas multifamiliares
N° de unidades de vivienda
Metodo de entrega de formularios de aviso (ej.: entrega a unidades, a buzones de unidades)
Nombre de la persona que entrega los formularios de aviso
Firma de la persona que entrega los formularios de aviso Fecha de entrega
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Ejemplo de lista futura de registro de renovaciones
(en efecto a partir de abril de 2010)
Nombre de la empresa:.
Fecha y lugar de la renovacion:.
Breve descripcion de la renovacion:.
Nombre del renovador asignado:
Nombre(s) del/de los trabajador(es) capacitado(s), si se emplean:,
Nombre del tecnico de muestras de polvo, inspector o asesor de riesgos, si se emplea:.
Copias de las calificaciones del renovador y del tecnico de muestras de polvo (certificados de capacitacion,
acreditaciones) archivadas.
El renovador acreditado brindo capacitacion a los trabajadores sobre
(marque todas las aplicables):
Como colocar rotulos de advertencia Como poner barreras de contencion de plastico
Como mantener la contencion Como evitar que se transmita polvo a zonas adyacentes
Como manejar los desechos Limpieza despues de la renovacion
Kits de pruebas utilizados por el renovador acreditado para determinar si existia plomo en los componentes
afectados por la renovacion (identifique los kits utilizados y describa los lugares de muestra y los resultados):
Rotulos de advertencia colocados a la entrada de la zona de trabajo.
Area de trabajo contenida para evitar el escape y diseminacion de polvo y restos
Todos los objetos en el area de trabajo retirados o cubiertos (interiores)
Conductos de HVAC en el area de trabajo cerrados y cubiertos (interiores)
Ventanas en el area de trabajo cerradas (interiores)
Ventanas en y dentro de 20 pies de distancia del area de trabajo cerradas (exteriores)
Puertas en el area de trabajo cerradas y selladas (interiores)
Puertas en y dentro de 20 pies de distancia del area de trabajo cerradas y selladas (exteriores)
Puertas que deben utilizarse en el area de trabajo cubiertas para permitir el paso pero para evitar la transmision
de polvo
Pisos en el area de trabajo cubiertos con plastico sujeto con cinta adhesiva (interiores)
Suelo cubierto por plastico extendido a 10 pies del area de trabajo - plastico sujeto al edificio y anclado con
pesos (exteriores)
Si es necesaria, contencion vertical instalada para evitar la transmision de polvo y restos a instalaciones
contiguas (exteriores)
. Contencion de desechos en el lugar y mientras se transportan fuera del lugar.
. Lugar de trabajo limpiada correctamente despues de la renovacion
Pintura y restos recogidos, proteccion rociada, doblada con el lado sucio hacia adentro y sujeta con cinta adhesiva
para retirarla del area
Superficies y objetos del area de trabajo limpiados con un aspirador HEPA y/o pahos o trapeadores
humedos (interiores)
El renovador acreditado realize la verificacion de limpieza posterior a la renovacion (describir los resultados,
incluyendo el numero de pahos humedos y secos usados):
Si se realize una prueba de aprobacion de polvo, adjunte una copia del informe
Certifico bajo juramento que la informacion anterior es cierta y completa.
Nombre y cargo Fecha
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iDonde puedo obtener copias del folleto sobre el plomo?
Para copias individuates en ingles o en espafiol de Remodelar correctamente: informacion importante
sobre los riesgos causados por el plomo para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas
(EPA-740-F-08-002), llame al Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo (NLIC) al 1-800-424-LEAD.
Para encargos, asegurese de utilizar el numero de referenda correspondienfe indicado arriba.
Existen cuatro formas de obtener copias multiples:
1. Llame al departamenfo de encargos de la Oficina de
Impresion del Gobierno al (202) 512-1800.
2. Envie su encargo por fax al (202) 512-2233.
3. Solicife copias por escrifo al:
Superinfendenf of Documents
P.O. Box 371954
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
4. Obtenga copias en el Internet en el
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/brochure.htm (en ingles)
Para copias individuates, en espafiol o en ingles
de "Remodelar correctamente: informacion importante
sobre los riesgos causados por el plomo para familias,
proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas
(EPA-740-F-08-002), llame al Centra Nacional de
Informacion sobre el Plomo (NLIC) al 1-800-424-LEAD.
Para encargos, asegurese de utilizar el numero de
referenda correspondiente indicado arriba.
Puede fotocopiarse el folleto para
distribucion siempre y cuando el texto y
los graficos sean legibles.
ear
correctame
Aviso de la Ley de Peduccion de Documentos: La carga publica incremental para la recopilacion de la informacion
contenida en el Programa de Pintado, Penovacion y Peparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo, que fue aprobada con
el Numero de Control de OMB 2070-0144 e identificada con el Numero ICR de EPA 1715, se estima en unas 54 horas
promedio por ano para proveedores de capacitacion. Para las empresas que participan en actividades reguladas de
renovacion, reparacion y pintado, la carga incremental promedio se estima en unas 6,5 horas por ano, Los comentarios
referentes a estas estimaciones o a otro aspecto de esta recopilacion de informacion, incluidas las sugerencias para
reducir la carga, pueden enviarse a: Director, Collection Strategies Division, Office of Environmental Information, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (Mail Code 28222T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20460.
Incluya el numero de OMB identificado arriba en toda su correspondencia. No envie ningun formulario completamente
rellenado a esta direccion. La informacion o formularios deben enviarse conforme a las instrucciones adjuntas a los
formularios o segun se especifique en las regulaciones correspondientes.
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AVISO
Esta gufa ha sido preparada en virtud de la seccion 212 de la Ley de Aplicacion Justa de
Regulaciones para Pequenas Empresas de 1996 (SBREFA), Pub. L. 104-121. NO PUEDE
DEPENDERSE DE ESTE DOCUMENTO PARA CREAR DERECHOS APLICABLES POR
UNA PARTE EN UN LITIGIO JUDICIAL EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. Las declaraciones
en este documento tienen la unica intencion de ayudarle a cumplir con los requisites
del Programa de Pintado, Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo en 40
CFR 745, Subparte E. La EPA puede decidir revisar esta gufa sin previo aviso publico
para reflejar los cambios en su enfoque de la implementacion del Programa de Pintado,
Renovacion y Reparacion de Pinturas a base de Plomo de la EPA o para clarificar y
actualizar texto. Para determinar si la EPA ha revisado este manual y/o para obtener
copias, comuniquese con el Representante de Pequenas Empresas (Small Business
Ombudsman) de la EPA llamando al 202-566-2075, o llame al Centra Nacional de
Informacion sobre el Plomo al 1-800-424-LEAD(5323), o visite el sitio Web www.epa.gov/
lead/pubs/nlic.htm (en ingles).
1 -800-424-LEAD (5323)
www.epa.gov/lead
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Apendice 5:
Pasos para la renovacion, reparacion y
pintura SEGURAS CON EL PLOMO
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Seguridad relacionada
CONELPLOMO
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
1-800-424-LEAD
www.epa.gov/lead
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^Renovacion, reparacion o pintura?
iEsta trabajando en un proyecto de renovacion, reparacion o pintura de
una vivienda?
ilncluye el proyecto una vivienda construida antes de 1978?
Si es asf, debe saber como trabajar de forma segura con la pintura a base de plomo.
Esta gufa esta disenada para ayudar a los contratistas y propietarios en la planificacion
y realizacion de un proyecto de renovacion, reparacion y pintura de una vivienda,
mediante el empleo de practices de trabajo seguras con el plomo. Las practices
seguras para trabajar con el plomo son un grupo de tecnicas que reducen la cantidad
de polvo producido por las actividades de renovacion. Cuando se emplean de forma
correcta, hacen que el trabajo sea mas seguro para los trabajadores y que la vivienda
sea mas segura para los residentes, una vez finalizada la renovacion. Las siguientes
practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo le permitiran:
Preparar el trabajo de forma segura;
disminuir la creacion de polvo con plomo peligroso; y
dejar el area de trabajo limpia y segura para los residentes despues de finalizar
el trabajo.
Contratistas, pintoresyarrendadores. En caso de
que este trabajando en una vivienda o instalacion
habitada por nifios construida antes de 1978, debe
proporcionar informacion sobre la pintura a base de
plomo a los ocupantes y propietarios de las viviendas,
ademas de los propietarios de los centros habttados
por nifios y sus padres. Para obtener mas informacion,
consulte la pagina 33,
Jl partir de abril de 2010, los contratistas de
r* renovacion, reparacion y pintura deben estar
certificados y emplear las practicas seguras para
trabajar con el plomo cuando realicen labores en
viviendas construidas antes de 1978. Para obtener
mas informacion, consulte la pagina 6.
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Indice
Conozca los datos sobre la pintura a base de plomo 4
La regla para el programa de renovacion, reparacion y pintura 6
Otros reglamentos estatales y federates 9
Paso 1: Determine si el trabajo comprende pintura a
base de plomo 10
Paso 2: Organicelo de forma segura 12
Paso 3: Protejase 16
Paso 4: Disminuya el polvo al minimo 18
Paso 5: Deje limpia el area de trabajo 21
Paso 6: Controle los desechos 23
Paso 7: Verifique la finalizacion del trabajo con la limpieza
Procedimiento de verificacion o aprobacion 25
Obtenga mas informacion sobre la seguridad
con relacion al plomo 30
Otros recursos 32
Requisites de educacion antes de la renovacion 33
Lista de compras 35
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Conozca los datos
sobre la pintura a
base de plomo
Aproximadamente la mitad de las viviendas construidas antes de 1978
tienen pintura a base de plomo. La posibilidad de encontrar pintura a base de
plomo aumenta con la antiguedad de la vivienda:
Dos de cada tres viviendas construidas entre 1940 y 1960 tienen pintura a
base de plomo.
Nueve de cada diez viviendas construidas antes de 1940 tienen pintura a base
de plomo.
Es mas probable que las casas mas antiguas
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El plomo penetra en el cuerpo cuando se ingiere o se inhala.
Las personas, en especial los ninos, pueden ingerir polvo con plomo
mientras comen, juegan y realizan otras actividades comunes en que se
lleven las manos a la boca.
Las personas tambien pueden inhalar polvo o humo con plomo mientras
realizan trabajos que alteren superficies pintadas con pintura a base de
plomo, o bien en las que se incluya una limpieza con chorros de arena,
raspado, combustion o cepillo.
Asimismo, las mascotas se pueden envenenar por los mismos tipos de
exposiciones al plomo.
Una vez dentro del cuerpo, el plomo puede tener efectos negatives a la
salud humana.
En los ninos, el envenenamiento por plomo dana el sistema nervioso y causa
problemas de comportamiento y desarrollo que pueden afectarlos para toda
la vida.
En los adultos, el envenenamiento por plomo causa problemas de salud
y del aparato reproductor. Las mujeres embarazadas son especialmente
vulnerables a los efectos del plomo.
Las investigaciones han demostrado que las actividades generales de
renovacion residenciales estan asociadas con un mayor riesgo de niveles
elevados de plomo en los ninos.
Si trabaja de
manera segura
puede ayudar a
prevenir tanto
la exposition al
plomo como el
envenenamiento
por plomo. Esta
guia le indica
como hacerlo.
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La regla para el programa
United States
£EPA
de renovation, reparation
Environmental Protection y
Agency *
Esta seccion resume los requisites de la regla de la EPA que se refiere a la renovacion,
reparacion y pintura relacionadas con pintura a base de plomo para contratistas;
ademas, proporciona una gufa para propietarios y ocupantes para que sepan como
enfrentar los peligros de la pintura a base de plomo relacionados con las actividades de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
La regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura (RRP) se aplica a los contratistas,
a los administradores de propiedades y a otras personas que, durante trabajos
de renovacion, alteren pintura que se sabe o se supone que contiene plomo. El
termino renovacion abarca todas las actividades que se realizan por remuneracion
y que alteran superficies pintadas, lo que incluye la mayorfa de las actividades
de reparacion, remodelacion y mantenimiento, como la sustitucion de ventanas,
aclimatacion y demolicion. La regla RRP se aplica a todos los trabajos de
renovacion que se realizan en viviendas residenciales, departamentos y centres
habitados por ninos, como escuelas y guarderfas, construidas antes de 1978. Las
personas afectadas por la regla RRP pueden leer la regla completa en el sitio Web
de la EPA: http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovation.htm.
Los requisites de capacitacion, certificacion y practices de trabajo de la regla de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura entran en vigencia el dfa 22 de abril de 2010. Los
requisites de educacion antes de la renovacion ya estan en vigor.
Los requisites para contratistas de renovacion son:
Requisites de certificacion y capacitacion
Todas las empresas que realicen trabajos de renovacion, reparacion o pintura
deben obtener la certificacion correspondiente. Para hacerlo, deben postular
ante la EPA o el estado (en caso de que este tenga un programa de renovacion
autorizado por la EPA) y realizar un pago.
Las empresas deben tener al menos un "renovador certificado" asignado
a trabajos en los que se altere pintura a base de plomo. Para obtener la
certificacion, un renovador debe aprobar satisfactoriamente un curso de
capacitacion de la EPA u otro que este aprobado por el estado; que los
imparta un proveedor de capacitacion de la EPA u otro que este acreditado
por el estado.
Todos los trabajadores de renovaciones deben recibir capacitacion. Los
trabajadores de renovaciones pueden recibir capacitacion en el trabajo por
parte de un renovador certificado para utilizar practices seguras para trabajar
con el plomo, o ellos mismos pueden llegar a ser renovadores certificados.
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Requisites de education antes de la renovation
Los contratistas, administradores de propiedades y otros que realicen
renovaciones por remuneracion en viviendas residenciales, departamentos e
instalaciones habitadas por films construidas antes de 1978, deben distribuir
el folleto de la EPARenovarcorrectamente, que contiene informacion
respecto de los riesgos del plomo, a los ocupantes y propietarios de
viviendas y a los propietarios de centres habitados por ninos y a sus padres
antes de comenzar los trabajos de renovacion. Consulte la pagina 33 para
obtener mas informacion respecto de los requisites de educacion anteriores
a la renovacion.
, Ftenjiodelar
correctament
riesgos causados por el plomi
Requisites de practicas de trabajo
Los renovadores deben utilizar contencion en el area de trabajo para evitar
que el polvo y los escombros se escapen de la misma.
Hay algunas practicas de trabajo que estan prohibidas. La combustion con
llama, el uso de pistolas de aire caliente de mas de 1,100 grades Fahrenheit
y el uso de herramientas electricas sin control de ventilacion HEPA (para
recoger el polvo que se genere) estan prohibidos.
Un requisite es la limpieza a fondo, seguida por un procedimiento de
verificacion de limpieza para reducir la exposicion a los peligros de la pintura
a base de plomo.
Generalmente, las actividades menores de reparacion y mantenimiento
(menos de 6 pies cuadrados por habitacion interior o 20 pies cuadrados por
proyecto exterior) estan exentas de los requisites de practicas de trabajo. Sin
embargo, esta exencion no se aplica a trabajos que incluyan la sustitucion de
ventanas, la demolicion o que impliquen el uso de cualquiera de las practicas
prohibidas mencionadas anteriormente.
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Exencion de la regla RRP
Los requisites de cepecitecion, certificecion y practices de trabajo no se aplican en
caso de que la empresa obtenga una declaracion firmada del dueho, que indique
que se cumplen todas las condiciones que se detallan a continuacion:
La renovacion se realizara en la residencia del propietario;
En el lugar no habita ningun niho menor de 6 ehos;
En el lugar no habita ninguna mujer embarazada;
La vivienda no es una instalacion habitada por nihos; y
El propietario confirma que no se exigira a la empresa de renovacion el uso
de las practices de trabajo que indica la regla.
Propietarios que trabajan en sus propias viviendas
La regla RRP se aplica solo a las renovaciones que se realizan por remuneracion.
Si usted trabaja en su propia vivienda, las reglas no se aplican. Aun asf, la EPA
fomenta a los propietarios a que utilicen practices seguras para trabajar con el
plomo para proteger su propia integridad ffsica, la de sus familias y el valor de sus
viviendas.
Arrendadores que trabajan en su propiedad
Los arrendadores reciben pagos mensuales por alquiler y el personal de
mantenimiento en propiedades de alquiler o en instalaciones habitadas por
nihos recibe sueldos o salaries que derivan de pagos por alquiler. Lo anterior
se considera como remuneracion conforme a la regla RRP. Por lo tanto, las
actividades de renovacion y reparacion que realizan los arrendadores o sus
empleados estan cubiertas por la regla. Los trabajos que realicen los arrendadores
o sus empleados en viviendas y centres habitados por nihos construidas antes de
1978 se deben realizar utilizando practices seguras pere trebejer con el plomo, en
ceso de que se eltere pinture que se sebe o se supone que es a base de plomo.
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Otros reglamentos
estatales y federates
Regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Estados Unidos para
trabajar de forma segura con el plomo
Esta regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo para trabajar de forma
segura con el plomo (24 CFR Parte 35) se aplica a las viviendas de propiedad
federal o con ayuda federal construidas antes de 1978, asf como tambien, a las
viviendas de propiedad federal que esten en venta. No se aplica a los centres
habitados por ninos que no sean viviendas residenciales. Los requisites de la regla
del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo son similares a la regla RRP de la EPA,
pero existen diferencias en algunos detalles, lo que incluye:
Exenciones. La regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo no permite
que los propietarios de viviendas que reciben ayuda federal renuncien a estos
requisites.
Requisites de capacitacion.EI Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo no
reconoce la capacitacion en el lugar de trabajo. Para realizar un control de
peligros relacionados con el plomo en viviendas que reciben ayuda federal,
existen dos opciones: o todos los trabajadores deben haber completado un
curso aprobado por el Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo, o el personal
debe estar supervisado por un renovador certificado quien, ademas, es un
supervisor certificado en la reduccion de plomo.
Reparaciones menores y mantenimiento. La definicion del Departamento
de Vivienda y Urbanismo de reparaciones menores y mantenimiento, que
aplican para una exencion de su regla es distinta a la de la EPA (2 pies
cuadrados en el interior y 20 pies cuadrados en el exterior o 10 por ciento de
la superficie de un tipo de componente de una construccion pequena).
Otras diferencias entre las reglas de la EPA y las del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo (en cuanto a las pruebas de pintura, practices prohibidas, pruebas de
aprobacion y eliminacion de desechos) se indican en los lugares apropiados.
Reglamentos estatales y locales
Se pueden aplicar otros requisites estatales o locales, distintos o mas estrictos que
los requisites federales. Por ejemplo, la ley federal permite que la EPA autorice a
los estados a administrar su propio programa de renovacion de plomo, en lugar
del programa federal de plomo. Incluso en estados que no tienen un programa de
renovacion de plomo, un estado puede promulgar sus propias reglas, las cuales
pueden ser distintas o tener mas alcance que los requisites federales.
Para obtener mas informacion respecto de las reglas que se aplican en su estado,
comunfquese con el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo llamando al
1-800-424-LEAD (5323) o visite www.epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm.
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Paso t
Determine si el trabajo
comprende pintura a
base de plomo
Antes de que comience un trabajo, considere si la pintura a base de plomo
sera un problema.
Investigue la antiguedad de la vivienda o del centro habitado
por ninos.
La antiguedad de una vivienda puede indicarle mucho sobre la posibilidad de
presencia de pintura a base de plomo.
Si se construyo antes de 1978, puede que tenga pintura a base de plomo.
Cuanto mas antigua sea la vivienda, mayor sera la posibilidad de que exista
plomo en la pintura y el polvo acumulado.
Considere cuando se construyeron las ampliaciones. Es posible que algunas
partes de la vivienda se hayan construido con posterioridad a otras. Las
ampliaciones realizadas posteriormente tienen menos posibilidades de tener
pintura a base de plomo y polvo contaminado.
La pintura a base de plomo se puede encontrar en el interior o exterior de la
vivienda, con mayor frecuencia en cocinas o banos, y en la pintura brillante
de las molduras, como antepechos de ventanas, marcos de puertas y
barandas.
Busque informacion sobre el plomo.
Se puede conseguir facilmente informacion sobre la presencia de pintura a base
de plomo en su hogar. Conforme con una ley federal de divulgacion, cuando se
vende o alquila una vivienda anterior a 1978, el vendedor o el arrendador debe
proporcionar informacion al comprador o inquilino sobre cualquier pintura a base
de plomo que se conozca. Los propietarios deben verificar sus registros para
ver si tienen informacion sobre pintura a base de plomo y deben compartir esta
informacion con cualquier persona que realice trabajos en la vivienda.
10
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Considers las pruebas de plomo.
Considere las pruebas de plomo. Si una vivienda se construyo antes de 1978,
debe asumir que existe pintura a base de plomo o disponer que se hagan pruebas
en el area de trabajo para detectar la presencia de pintura a base de plomo antes
de comenzar el trabajo. Existen dos opciones para las pruebas de pintura en una
vivienda, conforme con la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura:
1. Pruebas de pintura realizadas por inspectores de pintura a base de plomo
certificados o evaluadores de riesgos de pintura con plomo: estos profesionales
certificados llevan a cabo una investigacion superficie por superficie para detectar
la presencia de pintura a base de plomo y recogen cascaras de pintura para
someterlas a analisis de laboratorio, o bien, realizan pruebas en las superficies
pintadas con un equipo llamado analizador fiuorescente de rayos X (XRF, por sus
siglas en ingles), el cual mide la cantidad de plomo que existe en la pintura.
2. Pruebas de pintura realizadas por renovadores certificados: los renovadores
certificados, a peticion del propietario, pueden utilizar juegos de pruebas
locales de sustancias qufmicas reconocidos por la EPA para realizar pruebas
en todas las superficies afectadas por la renovacion.
Nota: El Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo no reconoce las pruebas
realizadas por un renovador certificado que use kits de pruebas locales. En las
viviendas contempladas por la regla del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo
para trabajar de forma segura con el plomo, solo se permite la primera opcion.
Todas las superficies afectadas por una renovacion, contemplada por la regla de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura, se deben someter a pruebas para detectar la
presencia de pintura a base de plomo o se debe asumir que contienen dicho tipo
de pintura. Las pruebas deben incluir todas las superficies afectadas revestidas
con pintura, laca, barniz, tinte, revestimiento o incluso pintura cubierta con papel
para tapizar paredes, en el caso de que este se vaya a alterar durante el trabajo de
renovacion. Un informe que documente las pruebas debe enumerar las superficies
sometidas a pruebas y las superficies que contienen pintura a base de plomo. Si existe
pintura a base de plomo en una superficie afectada, entonces se deben emplear las
practices seguras para trabajar con el plomo que se describen en este folleto.
Para obtener una lista de los profesionales certificados para realizar pruebas de plomo
de su area, comunfquese con el Centra Nacional de Information sobre el Plomo al
1-800-424-LEAD (5323) o visite http://cfpub.epa.gov/flpp.
Recuerde, si la vivienda se construyo antes de 1978 y no existe informacion
disponible sobre la pintura, los renovadores deben suponer que existe pintura
a base de plomo y deben emplear las practices seguras para trabajar con el
plomo que se describen en este folleto. Asegurese de que todas las personas
que participen en el trabajo, incluidos los trabajadores, supervisores y residentes,
empleen las precauciones de seguridad adecuadas.
11
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aso 2
CAUTION Organicelo de
forma segura
Cuando trabaje en un lugar con pintura a base de plomo, debe separar el
area de trabajo del resto de la vivienda.
El objetivo de una instalacion adecuada en el area de trabajo es mantener el polvo
en el interior de dicha area y las personas que no sean trabajadores afuera.
El area de trabajo es el area que puede contaminarse durante el trabajo. El
tamano del area de trabajo puede variar segun el metodo que se use para alterar
la pintura a base de plomo y la cantidad de polvo y escombros que se genere
como resultado. Siempre que se altere pintura a base de plomo, el area de trabajo
se debe proteger con laminas plasticas, aplicadas en el piso, el suelo u otras
superficies que correspondan, a fin de evitar que el polvo generado por el trabajo
contamine la vivienda o el exterior.
La regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura requiere que el area de trabajo se
proteja con laminas plasticas que se extiendan 6 pies como mfnimo en todas las
direcciones de la ubicacion donde se alterara la pintura. La regla requiere ademas
que las laminas plasticas se extiendan en una cantidad suficiente mas alia de la
ubicacion de la alteracion de pintura, de modo que todo el polvo y los escombros
generados por el trabajo se mantengan en el interior del area protegida por el
plastico. Toda la seccion de la vivienda o el exterior que este protegida por las
laminas plasticas, por grande que esta sea, constituye el area de trabajo.
Se debe evitar que las personas sin autorizacion y las mascotas entren en el area de
trabajo. Esto se puede realizar colocando letreros de advertencia e instalando barreras
alrededor del area de trabajo, como por ejemplo cinta de barrera, cercas, barreras
plasticas en puertas de acceso, etc.
12
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Lista de compras
A continuacion se presenta una lista de artfculos y herramientas que necesitara para
preparar el area de trabajo de forma segura. Estos elementos se encuentran en
ferreterfas y tiendas que vendan artfculos de jardinerfa.
Materiales para limitar el acceso y cubrir el piso o el suelo
O Letreros
O Cinta de barrera, cuerda o cercas
O Conos
O Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
O Cinta adhesiva (de proteccion, para
conductos o de pintores)
O Engrapadora
O Cuchillo de uso general o tijeras
Que hacer
Para mantener el polvo dentro y las personas fuera de su area de trabajo, tendra que
realizar los siguientes pasos para trabajos de interiores o exteriores. Algunos trabajos
generan mas polvo que otros, por lo tanto, necesitan precauciones adicionales.
Para trabajos de interiores
Disponga que los ocupantes salgan de la habitacion donde se realizara el
trabajo y que estos permanezcan fuera del area de trabajo hasta que termine la
limpieza final.
Coloque letreros, cintas de barrera o conos para mantener fuera del area de
trabajo a quienes no sean trabajadores, particularmente a ninos. Mantenga
a las mascotas fuera del area de trabajo para su seguridad y evitar que
introduzcan polvo y escombros con las patas en el interior de la vivienda. Los
letreros deben estar en el idioma principal de los ocupantes y decir "No entrar -
Solo personal autorizado" y "Prohibido comer, beber y fumar".
13
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Saque los muebles y otras pertenencias del area de trabajo. Estos artfculos
pueden incluir: telas, cortinas, muebles, alfombras, etc. Si un artfculo es muy
grande para moverlo, cubralo con laminas plasticas de alta resistenciay
peguelas con cinta adhesiva para mantenerlas fijas en su lugar.
Utilice laminas plasticas de alta resistencia para cubrir pisos en el area de
trabajo hasta un mfnimo de 6 pies a partir del area de alteracion de la pintura.
Fije con cinta adhesiva.
Cierre todas las puertas del area de trabajo, incluidas las de los closets y
armarios, y cubralas con laminas plasticas. Cuando los Ifmites del area de
trabajo incluyan la puerta que se utiliza para acceder a la misma, cubra
la puerta con dos capas de laminas protectoras, como se describe a
continuacion:
Corte y fije una capa de la lamina al
perfmetro del marco de la puerta. No
deje que la lamina quede tirante. En
lugar de eso, forme algunos pliegues
para dejar material adicional en la
parte superior e inferior de la puerta
antes de pegar con cinta adhesiva o
sujetar con la engrapadora.
Corte una rendija vertical en el
medio de la lamina, dejando 6" sin
cortar en la parte superior e inferior.
Refuerce con cinta adhesiva.
Corte y fije una segunda capa de
lamina superpuesta en la parte
superior de la puerta.
Cierre y cubra los respiraderos del area de trabajo. Esto impedira que el
polvo entre en los conductos y se desplace por la vivienda. Tal vez tenga que
apagar el sistema de climatizacion, a fin de evitar que este se dahe.
Ponga todas las herramientas y los artfculos necesarios sobre las laminas
protectoras antes de comenzar a trabajar, a fin de no salirse de las laminas
protectoras antes de que finalice el trabajo.
14
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Para trabajos de exteriores
Mantenga fuera del area de trabajo a quienes no sean trabajadores, con
letreros, cinta adhesiva o conos.
Cubra el suelo y las plantas con lam has plasticas de alta resistencia para
recoger los escombros. La cubierta debe extenderse al menos 10 pies mas
alia del edificio. Fije la cubierta a la pared exterior con un listen de madera y
grapas o cinta adhesiva.
Cierre las ventanas y puertas en un radio de 20 pies alrededor del area de
trabajo para evitar que el polvo y los escombros entren en las viviendas.
Mueva o cubra todas las areas de juegos infantiles que se encuentren en un
radio de 20 pies alrededor del area de trabajo.
Cuando trabaje en construcciones de 2 o mas pisos, extienda aun mas la
lamina desde la base de la vivienda y hacia cada lado del area donde se
altere la pintura.
Se deben usar cubiertas verticales en andamios si el trabajo esta cerca de
aceras, calles, Ifmites de propiedad, o bien, si la construccion tiene mas de
tres pisos de altura.
No trabaje durante vientos fuertes, si es posible. La regla de renovacion,
reparacion y pintura de la EPA no menciona velocidades de viento
especfficas, pero si el viento es lo suficientemente fuerte como para levantar
polvo y escombros, se deben tomar precauciones especiales para mantener
el area de trabajo contenida. Aquello puede significar crear una pantalla
de plastico para el viento al borde del plastico que cubre el suelo para
mantener el polvo y los escombros contenidos. En ultima instancia, usted
es responsable de evitar que el polvo y los escombros salgan del area de
trabajo, por lo tanto, tome las precauciones adecuadas cuando el viento sea
un factor.
Ponga todas las herramientas y los artfculos necesarios sobre las laminas
protectoras antes de comenzar a trabajar, a fin de no salirse de las laminas
protectoras antes de que finalice el trabajo.
15
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Paso 3
Protejase
Los trabajadores deben protegerse.
Sin los equipos de proteccion personal correctos, los trabajadores pueden ingerir
o inhalar plomo en el trabajo, ademas de arriesgarse a transportar plomo desde
la vivienda en obras hasta sus hogares y familias. Los siguientes elementos se
encuentran en ferreterfas, tiendas de artfculos de jardinerfa u otros proveedores
especializados.
Lista de compras
Q Gafas de proteccion
Q Gorra de pintor
Q Overoles desechables
Q Respirador N-100 desechable
Q Guantes desechables de latex o goma
Q Cubrezapatos desechables
due hacer
Protejase los ojos.
Utilice siempre anteojos o gafas protectoras al raspar, martillar, etc.
Mantenga limpia su ropa.
Utilice cubiertas de prendas protectoras desechables. Las cubiertas de
prendas protectoras desechables se pueden almacenar en bolsas plasticas y
reutilizar si se encuentran medianamente limpias y no estan rotas. Las roturas
pequehas se pueden reparar con cinta adhesiva para conductos.
Al termino del perfodo de trabajo, utilice la aspiradora para remover el polvo
y retire las cubiertas de prendas protectoras desechables. No utilice aire
comprimido para desplazar el polvo de las cubiertas de prendas protectoras
desechables o de las prendas de vestir.
No abrace a otras personas hasta que se haya quitado su ropa de trabajo.
Luego, lave su ropa de trabajo por separado de la ropa sucia de su familia.
16
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Utilice cubrezapatos desechables para no transportar el polvo del area de
trabajo y para proteger sus zapatos de la exposicion al polvo.
Utilice guantes para protegerse las manos y evitar la exposicion al polvo.
Utilice una gorra de pintor para protegerse la cabeza contra el polvo y los
escombros. Estos son faciles de desechar al final del dfa.
Utilice una mascarilla respiratoria protectora.
Cuando el trabajo crea polvo o cascaras de pintura, los trabajadores deben utilizar
proteccion respiratoria, como la mascarilla respiratoria desechable N-100, para
que no inhalen polvo con plomo.
Coloque un letrero de advertencia.
Coloque un letrero en la entrada del trabajo que recuerde a los trabajadores que no
deben comer, beber y fumar en el area de trabajo.
El letrero debe decir lo siguiente:
Advertencia
Area de trabajo con plomo
Veneno
Prohibido fumar, beber
o comer
Lavese.
Los trabajadores deben lavarse las
manos y la cara cada vez que dejen
de trabajar. Es particularmente importante lavarse antes de comer y al final del dfa.
Nota: Las reglas de la OSHA pueden requerir que los empleados realicen pasos
adicionales para proteger la salud de los trabajadores.
Visite www.osha.gov/SLTC/lead/index.html.
17
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Disminuya el polvo
al mmimo
A medida que trabaja, su objetivo es no levantar polvo.
Recuerde que mientras raspa, perfora, corta, abre paredes, etc., esta generando
polvo. Puede evitar levantar el polvo usando las herramientas correctas y siguiendo
algunas practices simples que disminuyen y controlan la propagacion del polvo.
Los siguientes elementos se encuentran en ferreterfas, tiendas de artfculos de
jardinerfa u otros proveedores especializados.
Lista de compras
Materiales para todos los trabajos:
Q Papel de lija humedo y seco, esponja de lijado
Q Botella para rociado o pulverizador de bomba
Q Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Q Cuchillo de uso general o tijeras
Q Cinta adhesiva de proteccion, para conductos o de pintores
O Aspiradora con filtro de partfculas de aire de alta eficiencia (HEPA)
(aspiradora especial que puede eliminar partfculas muy pequenas de los
pisos, antepechos de ventanas y alfombras y no los devuelve al aire)
O Bolsas de desperdicios plasticas de alta resistencia
O Tapetes adhesivos (de tamano grande, tapetes que ayudan a quitar el polvo)
toallas de papel o panos desechables.
Otras herramientas que se puedan necesitar:
O Pistola de aire caliente de baja temperatura (menos de 1 ,100 grades
Fahrenheit)
O Decapantes qufmicos sin cloruro de metileno.
O Herramientas electricas con accesorios de aspiracion equipados con
filtro HEPA
18
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due hacer
Utilice las herramientas correctas.
Utilice lijas humedas y rociadores para no levantar el polvo generado durante
el lijado, las perforaciones y los cortes.
Utilice accesorios de aspiradora HEPA en las lijadoras y esmeriladoras
electricas para contener el polvo creado por estas herramientas.
Cuando se necesite una pistola de aire caliente para guitar la pintura, use un
ajuste de temperatura inferior a 1,100 grades Fahrenheit.
Emplee practicas de trabajo que disminuyan el polvo al mfnimo.
Rocfe las areas antes de lijar, raspar, perforar y cortar, a fin de gue no se
levante el polvo (salvo a menos de 1 pie de las tomas de corriente electrica).
Raye la pintura con un cuchillo de uso general antes de separar los componentes.
Levante los componentes con una palanca y separelos, en lugar de golpear
y martillar.
Mantenga los componentes gue se estan desechando dentro del area de
trabajo hasta gue esten envueltos con seguridad en laminas o bolsas de
desperdicios plasticas de alta resistencia. Una vez se hayan envuelto o
depositado en bolsas de desperdicios plasticas, saguelas del area de trabajo
para almacenarlas en un area segura, lejos de los residentes.
Controle la propagacion del polvo.
Mantenga el area de trabajo aislada del resto de la vivienda.
No sague el polvo del area de trabajo:
Mantengase dentro del area de trabajo contenida y en los caminos contenidos.
Limpiar los trajes con una aspiradora antes de salir del area de trabajo,
de modo gue el polvo se guede dentro de la misma.
Cada vez gue saiga de las laminas plasticas, guftese los cubrezapatos
desechables y Ifmpiese los zapatos con un trapo o una aspiradora, en
especial las suelas, antes de salirse de las laminas plasticas. El uso
de un gran tapete adhesive desechable en el piso le puede ayudar a
limpiarse las suelas de los zapatos.
Lave las prendas protectoras gue no sean desechables separadamente de la
ropa sucia de su familia.
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No utilice practices prohibidas.
La regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura prohfbe el uso de ciertas practices
de trabajo peligrosas por parte de los contratistas. Estas "practices prohibidas"
incluyen:
La combustion de pintura a base de plomo con llama o soplete.
El uso de maquinas que quiten la pintura a base de plomo mediante una
operacion a alta velocidad, tales como lijado, esmerilado, cepillado electrico,
limpieza con abrasives o con chorros de arena, a menos que dichas
maquinas se utilicen con un control de ventilacion HEPA.
La operacion de una pistola de aire caliente sobre la pintura a base de plomo
a temperaturas superiores a 1,100 grades Fahrenheit.
En el caso de las viviendas que reciben ayuda federal, la regla del
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo prohfbe practices de trabajo
adicionales:
El raspado en seco y el lijado a mano excesivos.
El uso de pistolas de aire caliente que carbonicen la pintura.
El uso de decapantes de pintura volatiles en areas con poca ventilacion.
Nota: La regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura de la EPA no se aplica a los
propietarios quienes renuevan sus propiedades. Sin embargo, debido a que las
practices prohibidas conforme a las reglas generan grandes cantidades de polvo,
la EPA recomienda que el propietario que realice sus propios trabajos tambien
las evite.
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so 5
Deje limpia el area
de trabajo
El area de trabajo se debe dejar limpia al final de cada dfa y en especial
al finalizar el trabajo. El area debe estar sin polvo ni escombros. Los siguientes
artfculos, herramientas y equipos de limpieza se encuentran en ferreterfas y tiendas
que venden artfculos de jardinerfa.
Lista de compras
Bolsas de desperdicios plasticas de alta resistencia
Aspiradoras aprobadas por HEPA con accesorios y una barra
sacudidora electrica
Cinta adhesiva de proteccion, para conductos o de pintores
Botella para rociado o pulverizador de bomba
Toallas de limpiezas humedas desechables o toallas de mano
Detergente o limpiador de uso general
Trapeadores y cabezas desechables de trapeador
Dos baldes o un balde de dos lados con escurridora
Pala y rastrillo
Sistema de limpieza humedo
Pahos de limpieza secos y cargados de manera electrostatica
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due hacer
Los renovadores y propietarios que realicen sus propios trabajos deben
realizar diariamente lo siguiente:
Recoger mientras trabaje. Poner la basura en bolsas de desperdicios
plasticas de alta resistencia.
Limpiar el area de trabajo con una aspiradora HEPA varias veces durante el
dfa y al final del dfa.
Limpiar las herramientas al final del dfa.
Lavarse cada vez que se tome un descanso y antes de irse a casa.
Desechar o limpiar su equipo de proteccion personal.
Seguir separando el area de trabajo del resto de la vivienda y recordar a los
residentes que permanezcan fuera del area.
Cuando finalice el trabajo, los renovadores y propietarios que realicen sus
propios trabajos deben realizar lo siguiente:
Retirar cuidadosamente las laminas de desperdicios plasticas, doblarlas con
el lado sucio hacia adentro, cerrarlas con cinta adhesiva y desecharlas.
Asegurarse de que toda la basura y los escombros, lo que incluye los
componentes de la construccion, se eliminen adecuadamente.
Limpiar todas las superficies, incluidas las paredes, con una aspiradora
HEPA.
Rociar y fregar el area de trabajo con un limpiador de uso general en un pano
o trapeador humedo, cambiando el agua de enjuagar a menudo, hasta que
se eliminen el polvo y los escombros.
Limpiar todas las superficies nuevamente con una aspiradora una vez que
esten secas.
Inspeccionar visualmente el trabajo. Fijarse en los alrededores, tanto dentro
como fuera. No debe haber polvo, cascaras de pintura ni escombros.
Volver a limpiar el area minuciosamente en caso de que encuentre polvo o
escombros.
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Paso 6
Controle los desechos
due hacer
Depositar sus desechos en una bolsa o envolverlos en la obra y dentro del
area de trabajo.
Recoger y controlar todos sus desechos. Algunos ejemplos de desechos son
el polvo, los escombros, las cascaras de pintura, las laminas protectoras, los
filtros HEPA, el agua sucia, la ropa, las cabezas de trapeador, pahos, ropa
protectora, mascarillas respiratorias, guantes, componentes arquitectonicos
y otros desechos.
Utilice laminas o bolsas de desperdicios plasticas de alta resistencia para
depositar los desechos. Selle la bolsa firmemente con cinta adhesiva
para conductos. Considere el uso de bolsas de desperdicios dobles para
depositar los desechos y evitar que se rasguen. Los componentes de
gran tamaho deben envolverse en laminas protectoras y sellarse con cinta
adhesiva.
Deposite los desechos en una bolsa de desperdicios y sellela antes de
sacarla del area de trabajo.
Acumule todos los desechos en un basurero o contenedor de escombros
con una cubierta asegurada, hasta su eliminacion.
Limite el tiempo de almacenamiento en la obra.
No transporte los desechos en un camion abierto o en un vehfculo personal.
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Elimine las aguas residuales apropiadamente.
Las aguas utilizadas durante la limpieza se deben filtrar y verter en un
inodoro, si asf lo permiten las reglas locales. Si no es asf, recojalas en un
barril y lleveselo. No vierta nunca estas aguas en un fregadero, tina, desague
de aguas pluviales ni en el suelo. Elimine siempre las aguas residuales de
acuerdo con los reglamentos federales, estatales y locales.
El sitio Web de la EPA cuenta con informacion de los estados sobre la
eliminacion de desechos solidos y peligrosos. Visite el siguiente enlace para
obtener mas informacion:
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/wyl/stateprograms.htm.
Informese de las reglas de eliminacion de aguas.
Debido a que la EPA considera la mayorfa de las renovaciones y
remodelaciones residenciales como "mantenimiento residencial de rutina",
la mayorfa de los desechos que se generan durante estas actividades estan
clasificados como desechos solidos no peligrosos y se deben llevar a un
vertedero de desechos solidos. Lo anterior no se aplica al trabajo realizado
en instalaciones comerciales, publicas u otros centres habitados por nihos
que no sean residenciales, donde los desechos se pueden considerar como
peligrosos y requieren metodos de eliminacion especiales. Visite el siguiente
enlace para obtener mas informacion:
www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/fslbp.htm.
Verifique siempre los requisites estatales y locales antes de eliminar los
desechos. Algunos son mas estrictos que los reglamentos federales.
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Paso 7
Verifique la termination de su trabajo
con el procedimiento de verification
de limpieza o la aprobacion
Cuando se termine el trabajo y antes de que se vuelva a ocupar el espacio interior,
debe determinar si es un ambiente seguro para vivir o no.
Para renovadores certificados y personal de mantenimiento:
Conforme con la regla RRP, se requieren pruebas de verificacion de limpieza o
aprobacion, si el trabajo lo realize un contratista o un arrendador. (Si la vivienda
recibe ayuda federal, se requieren pruebas de aprobacion). Si se escoge el
procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza, este procedimiento debe realizarlo
un renovador certificado por la EPA. Si se escoge la aprobacion, las pruebas de
aprobacion las debe realizar un inspector de plomo certificado, un evaluador de
riesgos de plomo certificado o un tecnico de muestreo de plomo certificado.
Para personas que realicen sus propios trabajos:
Despues de una inspeccion visual en viviendas que no reciben ayuda federal,
donde el propietario termino el trabajo, no es obligatorio realizar un procedimiento
de verificacion de limpieza o de aprobacion, pero la EPA recomienda
encarecidamente que elija uno de dichos metodos, a fin de garantizar que se
realize una limpieza completa.
Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza
Despues de haber realizado la limpieza, el procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza se realiza pasando un pano desechable humedo por las superficies que
acumulan polvo en el area de trabajo y, posteriormente, comparando visualmente
este pano con una tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza. Algunas superficies que
acumulan polvo son los antepechos de las ventanas, encimeras y otras superficies
horizontales grandes como decoraciones exteriores de chimeneas, estanterfas y
pisos. Puede obtener una tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza en el Centra Nacional
de Information sobre el Plomo llamando al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323). Solo
un renovador certificado por la EPA puede realizar una verificacion de limpieza,
en caso de que se hayan realizado renovaciones contempladas por la regla de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura.
Nota: Para los trabajos exteriores solo se requiere una inspeccion visual de
polvo, cascaras de pintura o escombros.
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i
El procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza para antepechos de ventanas
se describe a continuacion:
Cada antepecho de ventana del area de trabajo se limpia con un para nuevo
desechable humedo.
Cuando se haya limpiado toda la superficie del antepecho de la ventana,
el paho se compara con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza. (Consulte
"Interpretacion del procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza", en la
pagina 27).
El procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza para encimeras y pisos se
describe a continuacion:
El renovador certificado limpia cada encimera con un paho desechable
humedo:
Para encimeras pequehas y otras superficies horizontales como
decoraciones exteriores de chimeneas y estanterfas que tengan una
superficie total menor a 40 pies cuadrados, limpie toda la superficie con
un paho nuevo y comparelo con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza.
Las superficies grandes, como encimeras y pisos de gran tamaho,
tienen superficies de mas de 40 pies cuadrados; cada uno de estos
pisos y encimeras se deben dividir en secciones similares que tengan
una superficie de 40 pies cuadrados o menos. Limpie cada seccion
separadamente con un nuevo paho desechable humedo para cada
seccion. Al realizar una verificacion de limpieza en pisos, el paho se
debe colocar en el mango de un sistema de limpieza humedo. El uso
del mango del sistema de limpieza humedo permite que el renovador
certificado aplique una presion uniforme en el paho. Compare cada toalla
con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza.
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Interpreted on del procedimiento de
verificacion de limpieza
Compare cada para que representa una seccion de superficie especffica con
la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza. Si el paho que se uso para limpiar una
seccion de la superficie del area de trabajo esta mas limpio que los pahos de
ejemplo de la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, esa seccion de superficie se
ha limpiado adecuadamente.
Si el paho no esta mas limpio que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, vuelva
a limpiar esa seccion de la superficie. Posteriormente, utilice un nuevo paho
desechable humedo para limpiar la seccion de la superficie una vez mas. Si
el segundo paho esta mas limpio que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza,
esa seccion de la superficie se ha limpiado adecuadamente.
Si el segundo paho no esta mas limpio que la tarjeta de verificacion de
limpieza, vuelva a limpiar la superficie y espere 1 hora o hasta que la
superficie se haya secado completamente (lo que tome mas tiempo).
Limpie la seccion de la superficie con un paho de limpieza seco cargado con
electrostatica. Ahora se ha completado el procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza y se considera que la superficie esta limpia.
Cuando todas las superficies del area de trabajo han pasado la comparacion
con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza o han completado la verificacion
de limpieza posterior a la renovacion, se puede afirmar que el proyecto esta
completo y que el area se puede devolver a sus ocupantes, a menos que
la vivienda este recibiendo ayuda federal o que las leyes estatales o locales
requieran pruebas de aprobacion referentes al polvo; en tal caso, el proyecto
debe pasar dichas pruebas de aprobacion antes de que se pueda devolver el
area a sus ocupantes.
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Pruebas de aprobacion referente al polvo
Las pruebas de aprobacion deben ser llevadas a cabo por
inspectores de pintura a base de plomo certificados, evaluadores
de riesgos del polvo con plomo certificados o tecnicos de muestreo
de polvo con plomo certificados. Para viviendas que reciban ayuda
federal, las pruebas de aprobacion deben estar a cargo de una
persona independiente de la empresa de renovacion.
Si bien la regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura indica que la
aprobacion es opcional, en algunos estados y localidades, esta puede
ser obligatoria. Ademas, un propietario puede solicitar especfficamente
en su contrato que se realicen las pruebas de aprobacion. En este
caso, limpie el area y verifique su trabajo; posteriormente, contrate un
inspector de pintura a base de plomo certificado, evaluador de riesgos o
tecnico en muestreo de polvo con plomo para programar las pruebas de
aprobacion.
El Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo requiere que se realicen
pruebas de aprobacion despues de una renovacion o de un trabajo de
reparacion en las viviendas anteriores a 1978 que reciban ayuda federal,
las cuales estan bajo la regla para trabajar de forma segura con el plomo.
Los contratistas deben determinar si la vivienda recibe ayuda federal. La
ayuda federal puede recibirse por medio del gobierno estatal o local, a
traves de una corporacion de desarrollo de la comunidad u otra entidad
similar.
La toma de muestras para la aprobacion de trabajos interiores consistira
en una muestra del piso de cada habitacion donde se realizaron
trabajos (hasta cuatro muestras) y una muestra adicional en el piso de
la zona exterior de la entrada del area de trabajo. En caso de que haya
antepechos y canales de ventanas en el area de trabajo, se tomara una
muestra de estas areas en cada habitacion donde se realizaron trabajos
(hasta cuatro muestras).
Todas las muestras para la aprobacion se deben enviar a un laboratorio
reconocido por la EPA que analice polvo con plomo. Puede consultar la
lista de laboratorios en www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/nllap.htm.
Para otorgar una aprobacion de trabajos en exteriores, la EPA, asf como
el Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo solo requiere una evaluacion
visual del area de trabajo.
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Interprete los resultados de las muestras
para la aprobacion
El laboratorio informara la cantidad de plomo que contiene el polvo. Una muestra
de polvo que supere los siguientes Ifmites de plomo se considera peligrosa:
Pisos: 40 microgramos por pie cuadrado
Antepechos de ventanas: 250 microgramos por pie cuadrado
Canales de ventanas: 400 microgramos por pie cuadrado
Si el informe del laboratorio indica que los niveles de plomo igualan o
superan estos Ifmites, entonces la vivienda no pasa la prueba de limpieza
de polvo. La vivienda se debe limpiar y las pruebas se deben realizar nuevamente
hasta que los niveles de plomo esten en conformidad con dichos Ifmites de
aprobacion. Es el contratista quien debe realizar la nueva limpieza.
Se recomienda que los propietarios especifiquen en el contrato inicial que
se realizara una prueba de aprobacion de polvo al final del trabajo y que
el contratista sera responsable de volver a limpiar la vivienda, en caso de
que esta no pase esta prueba. Ninguna persona, ademas del contratista y el
examinador de aprobaciones, debe entrar en el area de trabajo hasta que esta se
haya limpiado.
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Obtenga mas information
sobre la seguridad con
relation al plomo
Para obtener mas informacion acerca de las practices seguras para trabajar con
el plomo, comunfquese con el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo,
llamando al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) y visite el siguiente enlace http://www.
epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm. El Centra es la fuente mas importante de informacion de
calidad del gobierno federal sobre la prevencion del envenenamiento por plomo y
los peligros del plomo.
Tome un curso.
Capacftese en actividades relacionadas con el plomo. Hay capacitadores
profesionales e instituciones educativas locales que ofrecen cursos de
capacitacion. Para obtener informacion sobre cursos, comunfquese con el Centra
Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo. Un curso relevante es:
Seguridad con relacion al plomo en labores de renovacion, reparacion
y pintura
(EPA-740-R-09-001, febrero de 2009). La EPA y el Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo desarrollaron este curso de 8 horas para capacitar a
renovadores, pintores y personal de mantenimiento en practices de trabajo
seguras en viviendas con pintura a base de plomo. Es un curso interactivo
que incluye actividades practices para ensayar las destrezas que los
trabajadores necesitan para no crear peligros con plomo en las viviendas en
las que trabajan. Se puede encontrar mas informacion en:
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/epahudrrmodel.htm.
Informese acerca de las normas y los recursos locales.
El Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo puede proporcionar informacion
sobre como comunicarse con sus programas estatales, locales o tribales, para
obtener informacion general sobre la prevencion de envenenamiento por plomo.
Los departamentos locales de salud pueden dar informacion sobre
programas locales, incluida la ayuda a ninos envenenados.
Los programas estatales y tribales de prevencion de envenenamiento por
plomo o de proteccion ambiental pueden brindar informacion sobre los
reglamentos del plomo que se aplican en su comunidad y pueden informarle
sobre posibles fuentes de ayuda financiera para reducir los peligros
relacionados con el plomo. Es posible que tambien le informen sobre los
costos y la disponibilidad de personas certificadas para realizar las pruebas
de pintura con plomo o de polvo con plomo.
Los funcionarios del codigo de edificacion pueden informarle sobre las reglas
que se aplican al trabajo de renovacion y remodelacion que este planificando.
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Acceda a recursos adicionales.
Acceda a recursos adicionales.El Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo
tambien puede proporcionarle copias de los siguientes materiales de referenda
general y las siguientes gufas instructivas:
Renovar correctamente: llnformacion importante para familias,
proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro del plomo
(EPA-740-F-08-002, marzo de 2008).
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf.
Gufa de cumplimiento destinada a entidades pequenas para renovar
correctamente: Manual para contratistas, administradores de propiedades y
personal de mantenimiento que trabajen en viviendas, instalaciones de cuidado
infantil y escuelas construidas antes de 1978. (EPA-740-F-08-003, diciembre
de 2008). http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/sbcomplianceguide.pdf
Contratistas: Seguridad con relacion al plomo durante la renovacion (EPA
740-F-08-001, marzo de 2008). Este pequeno folleto proporciona un breve
resumen de la informacion general respecto de las practices de trabajo
seguras con el plomo para contener, reducir y limpiar el polvo.
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/contractor_brochure.pdf
Proteja a su familia contra el plomo de la casa (EPA 747-K-99-001, junio de
2003). Se trata de un folleto de informacion general acerca de la pintura a
base de plomo, los peligros del plomo, los efectos de envenenamiento por
plomo y los pasos que puede realizar para proteger a su familia.
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadpdfe.pdf
Seguridad con la pintura a base de plomo: Gufa practica para labores de
pintura, mantenimiento de la vivienday renovacion (HUD-1779-LHC, marzo
de 2001). Esta gufa instruye al lector, paso a paso, acerca de las practices
seguras para trabajar con el plomo para diferentes labores en la vivienda.
http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead/training/LBPguide.pdf
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Otros recursos
Para obtener otros recursos sobre el plomo, visite los siguientes sitios Web:
http://www.epa.gov/lead/ La EPA desempena una funcion muy importante en
cuanto a abordar los peligros del plomo en las viviendas, como el deterioro de las
pinturas a base de plomo, el polvo contaminado con plomo y el suelo residencial
contaminado con plomo. Este sitio Web proporciona informacion acerca del
plomo y los peligros del mismo, ademas de indicar algunas medidas sencillas para
proteger a su familia. Incluye enlaces a informacion basica, ademas de informacion
mas detallada y documentos acerca del plomo, reglas y reglamentos, materiales de
educacion y ayuda social, capacitacion y otros enlaces relacionados con el plomo.
http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead/ La oficina de viviendas saludables y control
de peligros por plomo (OHHLHC, por sus siglas en ingles) del Departamento de
Vivienda y Urbanismo de Estados Unidos es unica entre las agendas federales que
abordan los peligros por plomo, debido a que su personal esta preparado para poner
la ciencia de la salud del plomo en funcion de las viviendas de Estados Unidos. El sitio
le dara acceso a recursos sobre los reglamentos de la pintura a base de plomo, la
capacitacion, las gufas tecnicas y el cumplimiento y la ejecucion de las leyes.
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/lead/index.html La mision de la Administracion
de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (OSHA, por sus siglas en ingles) del
Departamento del Trabajo de Estados Unidos es garantizar la seguridad y la
salud de los trabajadores de Estados Unidos a traves de: el establecimiento y
la ejecucion de estandares; la disponibilidad de capacitacion, ayuda social y
educacion; la creacion de asociaciones y; el estfmulo a las mejoras continuas de
la seguridad y la salud en el lugar de trabajo. La OSHA ha establecido como una
alta prioridad estrategica la reduccion de la exposicion al plomo. Este sitio contiene
enlaces a recursos sobre el reconocimiento, la evaluacion, el cumplimiento y la
capacitacion acerca del plomo.
http://www.cdc.gov/lead Los Centres para el control y la prevencion de
enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en ingles) del Departamento de Salud y
Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos estan comprometidos para mejorar
la salud de las personas. Este sitio proporciona informacion recopilada por los
CDC acerca del plomo e incluye materiales y enlaces para padres, profesionales
de la salud, investigadores, estudiantes y otras personas que esten interesadas
en el tema del plomo. Algunos de los recursos mas importantes son las hojas
informativas, las gufas, las recomendaciones y las preguntas y respuestas.
Los requisites de educacion anterior a la renovacion, que indica la regla de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura, garantizan que los propietarios y los ocupantes
32
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Requisites de
education antes de
la renovation
de viviendas anteriores a 1978 y de centres habitados por ninos reciban
informacion acerca de posibles peligros de la exposicion a pintura a base de
plomo, antes de que comiencen los trabajos de renovacion.
tQuienes se ven afectados? Los requisites se aplican a cualquier persona que
recibe un pago por realizar un trabajo de alteracion de pintura de alguna vivienda
residencial o de algun centra habitado por ninos construidos antes de 1978. Esto
incluye a los propietarios y administradores de viviendas de alquiler, contratistas
generales y contratistas especiales como pintores, plomeros, carpinteros y
electricistas.
iQue propiedades se ven afectadas? Todas las propiedades residenciales y los
centres habitados por ninos construidos antes de 1978, a menos que se pueda
aplicar alguna de las excepciones que se mencionan a continuacion.
tExiste alguna excepcion? Los requisites no son aplicables para viviendas que
hayan sido disehadas para ancianos o personas con discapacidades (a menos
que residan ninos menores de 6 ahos); tampoco para las viviendas sin dormitorios
(estudios, residencias, etc.); viviendas en las que se ha comprobado, por medio
de una inspeccion adecuada, que no hay pintura a base de plomo; renovaciones y
reparaciones de emergencia y reparaciones menores que afecten menos de 6 pies
cuadrados de pintura en superficies interiores o menos de 20 pies cuadrados de
pintura en superficies exteriores.
tCuales son los requisites? La regla de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
requiere la distribucion del folleto Renovar correctamente: Informacion importante
para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro del
plomo antes de que comience el trabajo.
En viviendas residenciales, se debe entregar el folleto tanto al propietario
como a los ocupantes; ademas, es necesario que el contratista documente
la recepcion o el envfo por correo del folleto.
En viviendas residenciales donde habiten varias familias, se debe distribuir el
folleto en cada unidad afectada.
Cuando, debido al trabajo, se vean afectadas areas comunes de alguna
vivienda residencial en la que habiten varias familias, el folleto se puede
entregar a cada unidad o bien se puede enviar un aviso a cada unidad para
informar donde pueden leer la informacion acerca de los peligros del plomo y
el trabajo que se realizara.
En centres habitados por ninos, se debe entregar el folleto al propietario, a la
parte responsable y a los padres de los ninos.
33
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fteaovate
Right ,,
Important Lead Hazard
Information for Families,
Child Care Providers
and Schools
Remodelar
correctamefi
Information importante sobre lo:
riesgos oausados per el plomo
familias, proveedores de cuidi
infantil y escuelas
i,C6mo obtengo el folleto? El folleto se puede obtener del Centra Nacional
de Informacion sobre el Plomo, llamando al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
Solicite el folleto Renovar Correctamente: Informacion importante para familias,
proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro del plomo, o
descarguelo desde:
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf.
Nota: En el caso de las viviendas que reciben ayuda federal, el Departamento
de Vivienda y Urbanismo requiere que se distribuya un aviso a los ocupantes en
un plazo de 15 dfas a partir de la fecha en la que se identifiquen pintura a base
de plomo o peligros relacionados con ella en su unidad (o en areas comunes,
si fuera el caso) y en un plazo de 15 dfas despues de concluir los trabajos de
control del peligro en su unidad o en areas comunes.
34
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Lista de compras
Organicelo de forma a Pistola de aire caliente de baja
temperatura (menos de 1,100
S6C|Ura grades Fahrenheit)
-I Letreros [_) Herramientas electricas con
a Cinta de barrera o cuerda accesorios de aspiracion con filtro
HEPA
LI Conos
LI Lamina plastica de alta resistencia n ..-
Protejase
D Cinta adhesiva de proteccion,
para conductos o de pintores Q Gafas de P^teccion
a Engrapadora 3 Gorra de pintor
a Cuchillo de uso general o tijeras 3 Overoles desechables
LI Respirador N-100 desechable
DiSmJnUVa el DOlVO ^ Guantes desechables de latex o
, . goma
al minimo
LI Cubrezapatos desechables
LI Papel de lija humedo y seco,
esponja de lijado
LI Botella para rociado o pulverizador L'TlpieZa QQl SfGB
de bomba d6 frabajO
LI Decapantes qufmicos sin cloruro LI Bolsas de desperdicios plasticas
de metileno. de alta resistencia
LI Aspiradora con filtro de partfculas LI Aspiradora HEPA
de aire de alta eficiencia (HEPA)
LI Cinta adhesiva de proteccion,
aspiradora especial que puede . ,
para conductos o de pintores
ehminar particulas muy pequenas
de los pisos, antepechos de ^ Botella para rociado o pulverizador
ventanas y alfombras) de bomba
LI Bolsas de desperdicios plasticas ^ Toallas de limpieza humedas
de alta resistencia desechables o toallas de mano
LI Tapetes adhesivos (de tamaho ^ Detergente o limpiador de uso
grande, tapetes que ayudan a general
quitar el polvo) toallas de papel o
pahos desechables.
35
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Evite la exposicion al plomo durante los
procesos de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Comprenda que los trabajos de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
pueden crear peligros. Las personas, en particular los nihos, pueden
ingerir el polvo con plomo o las cascaras de pintura que se hayan
producido durante el trabajo y pueden envenenarse. El envenenamiento por
plomo tiene graves efectos en la salud.
Lea el folleto de informacion acerca de los peligros del plomo
Renovar correctamente de la EPA y del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo. Segun lo establece la ley, los contratistas deben entregar una
copia del folleto Renovar correctamente a los propietarios de viviendas y
centres ocupados por nihos construfdos antes de 1978. Renovar correctamente
explica el peligro de la pintura a base de plomo y sus riesgos relacionados. uede
obtener copias de Renovar correctamente llamando al 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) o
puede descargarlo en http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf.
Utilice practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomo. Siga practices
que lo protegeran a usted y a los residentes de la exposicion al plomo. Es
posible que estas practicas impliquen utilizar un poco mas de tiempo y
dinero, pero son necesarias para proteger a los nihos, los residentes, los
trabajadores y a las familias de los trabajadores de la exposicion al polvo con plomo.
Realice pruebas de plomo antes o despues de llevar a cabo el trabajo.
Las pruebas previas al trabajo permiten que los trabajadores utilicen
practicas seguras para trabajar con el plomo donde se haya identificado
pintura con plomo en la vivienda. El uso del procedimiento de verificacion
de limpieza o las pruebas de aprobacion al final del trabajo, garantiza que no haya
quedado polvo.
Obtenga mas informacion sobre el plomo. Para obtener mas informacion
sobre la seguridad en el trabajo con relacion al plomo, comunfquese con
el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo llamando al 1-800-424-
LEAD (5323) o visite el sitio Web de la EPA en www.epa.gov/lead o el sitio
Web del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo en www.hud.gov/offices/lead.
Marzo de 2009, EPA-740-K-09-003
Agenda de Protection Ambiental de Estados Unidos, Oficina de Prevention de Contamination y
Sustandas Toxicas
Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Estados Unidos, Oficina de Viviendas Saludables y Control
de Peligros por Plomo
£5 Impreso con tintas vegetales basadas en aceite, papel reciclado
-------
Apendice 6:
Ejercicios practices
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Apendice 6: Ejercicios practices
Los siguientes ejercicios se pueden utilizar en lugar de los ejercicios practices o como
actividades complementarias. Se proporcionan hojas de trabajo de ejercicios y respuestas.
Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
Conjunto de destrezas N° 2: Instalacion de barreras, letreros y puertas con
proteccion plastica
Conjunto de destrezas N° 3: Cubrimiento o retire de muebles
Conjunto de destrezas N° 4: Instalacion de contencion interior
Conjunto de destrezas N° 5: Instalacion de contencion exterior
Conjunto de destrezas N° 6: Equipos de proteccion personal
Conjunto de destrezas N° 7: Limpieza final de interiores
Conjunto de destrezas N° 8: Limpieza final de exteriores
Conjunto de destrezas N° 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas
Conjunto de destrezas N° 10: Inspection visual
Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza
Articulos recomendados para las actividades practices
Lista de articulos de los juegos de prueba
Cubierta de plastico desechable de 2' por 2'
Cubrezapatos desechables
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Aspiradora HEPA con accesorios (para limpiar despues del muestreo)
Kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA con instrucciones del fabricante
Bolsas de basura de alta resistencia
Suministros especfficos del juego, segun lo requieran las instrucciones del fabricante
El fabricante proporciono tarjetas de verificacion de pruebas con capas de pintura a
base de plomo
Superficie de madera pintada sin capa de pintura a base de plomo
Registro de avance del asistente
Pluma o lapiz
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Formulario de documentation del kit de pruebas
Camara digital (optional)
Tarjetas de Indice numeradas (optional)
Lista de articulos para la instalacion
Cinta de barrera
Mango de escoba, o espigas, o mango de metal o madera de 1" x 1" x 30"
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Almohadilla adhesiva desechable
Puerta que se usara en la instalacion de ingreso al area de trabajo
Estacas de cerca
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cubiertas magneticas
Conos anaranjados
Cuerda o cinta de barrera (preferiblemente de color brillante)
Engrapadora y grapas
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-1
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Articulos recomendados para las actividades practices
Lista de articulos para la instalacion - continuacion
Cinta metrica
Letreros de advertencia
Sistemas de contention disenados previamente (opcionales para el conjunto de
destrezas 2)
Lista de articulos para los equipos de proteccion personal (PPE, porsus siglas en
ingles)
Overoles desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Cubrezapatos desechables
Proteccion para los ojos
Guantes de trabajo de lona o cuero
Mascarilla respiratoria N-100
Bolsas de desperdicios desechables
Cinta adhesiva para conductos
Instalaciones para lavarse las manos y jabon
Lista de articulos para limpieza
Talco para bebes o almidon de mafz
Tarjeta de verification de limpieza; cada alumno tomara y guardara una
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cubrezapatos desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Panos de limpieza desechables, de color bianco y cargados de manera
electrostatica, disenados para limpiar superficies duras
Linterna
Pulverizador de jardfn
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Aspiradoras HEPA con accesorios y una barra sacudidora electrica
Trapeador con mango largo, disenada para toallas de limpieza humedas
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Cinta metrica
Balde para trapeador de dos lados con escurridora (o equivalente); cabezas
desechables de trapeador; trapeador de mango largo en donde se puedan colocar
los panos de limpieza desechables; o un sistema de limpieza humedo.
Reloj de pared o pulsera
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-2
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Registro de progreso del asistente
Nombre de la persona en
capacitacion
Modulo 3
(15 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 1:
Uso de kits de pruebas
reconocidos por la EPA
Modulo 4
(45 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 2:
Instalacion de barreras,
letreros y puertas con
proteccion plastica
Conjunto de destrezas 3:
Cubrimiento o retiro de
muebles
Conjunto de destrezas 4:
Instalacion de
contencion interior
Conjunto de destrezas 5:
Instalacion de
contencion exterior
Modulo 5
(10 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 6:
Equipos de proteccion
personal
Modulo 6
(50 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 7:
Limpieza final de
interiores
Conjunto de destrezas 8:
Limpieza final de
exteriores
Conjunto de destrezas 9:
Recogida de desechos
en bolsas
Conjunto de destrezas
10: Inspeccion visual
Conjunto de destrezas
11: Procedimiento de
verificacion de
limpieza
Fecha de la capacitacion:
Nombre del renovador certificado:
Ejercicios practices
9 de febrero
A6-3
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Registro de avance del asistente
Nombre de la persona en
capacitacion
Modulo 3
(15 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 1:
Uso de juegos de prueba
reconocidos por la EPA
Modulo 4
(45 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 2:
Instalacion de barreras,
letreros y puertas con
proteccion plastica
Conjunto de destrezas 3:
Cubrimiento o retiro de
muebles
Conjunto de destrezas 4:
Instalacion de
contencion interior
Conjunto de destrezas 5:
Instalacion de
contencion exterior
Modulo 5
(10 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 6:
Equipos de proteccion
personal
Modulo 6
(50 min.)
Conjunto de destrezas 7:
Limpieza final de
interiores
Conjunto de destrezas 8:
Limpieza final de
exteriores
Conjunto de destrezas 9:
Recogida de desechos
en bolsas
Conjunto de destrezas
10: Inspeccion visual
Conjunto de destrezas
11: Procedimiento de
verificacion de
limpieza
Fecha de la capacitacion:
Nombre del renovador certificado:
Ejercicios practices
9 de febrero
A6-4
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Evaluacion de destrezas practicas de capacitacion del renovador
certificado
Fecha:
Direction:
Ciudad y estado
Nombre del alumno:
Firma del alumno:
Conjunto
de
destrezas
N° 1
N°2
N°3
N°4
N°5
N°6
N°7
N°8
N°9
N° 10
N°11
Description de la
destreza
Uso de kits de pruebas
reconocidos por la EPA
Instalacion de barreras,
letreros y puertas con
protection plastica
Cubrimiento o retire de
muebles
Instalacion de
contention interior
Instalacion de
contention exterior
Equipos de protection
personal
Limpieza final de
interiores
Limpieza final de
exteriores
Recogida de desechos
en bolsas
Inspection visual
Procedimiento de
verification de limpieza
El alumno ha demostrado pericia en las siguientes
destrezas de acuerdo con los requisites de la regla
RRP de la EPA.
Uso de kits de pruebas para probar correctamente
pintura a base de plomo y resultados de
documentos.
Colocacion de barreras criticas e instalacion de
letreros para aislar el area de trabajo contra
acceso de individuos no autorizados.
Identification de los pasos correctos para
determinar cuando y como cubrir o retirar muebles
y pertenencias del area de trabajo.
Uso de los pasos correctos para cubrir pisos y
cerrar y sellar ventanas y puertas en el area de
trabajo.
Election de pasos correctos para restringir el
ingreso al area de trabajo exterior y proteger el
suelo debajo y alrededor del area de trabajo de la
contamination.
Uso de tecnicas de reduction de polvo mientras se
realizan actividades de renovacion, reparacion y
pintura comunes.
Limpieza del area de trabajo interior despues de
terminar el trabajo y antes de la inspection visual y
el procedimiento de verification de limpieza o
examen de aprobacion.
Limpieza del area de trabajo exterior despues de
terminar el trabajo y antes de la inspection visual y
(si es necesario) verification de limpieza o examen
de aprobacion.
Election de pasos correctos para depositar los
desechos en bolsas y aplicar el sello de cuello de
cisne a estas ultimas, envolver trozos grandes de
escombros y transportarlos fuera del area de
trabajo.
Realization de una inspection visual del area de
trabajo antes del procedimiento de verification de
limpieza.
Realization del procedimiento de verification de
limpieza.
Iniciales
del
instructor
Soy el instructor del curso de renovador certificado impartido en la fecha y ubicacion
antes descrita. Verifico que el alumno ha demostrado tener las destrezas descritas
anteriormente.
Nombre del instructor: _
Telefono del instructor:
Firma del instructor:
Organization:
Fecha:
Ejercicios practices
9 de febrero
A6-5
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA
Tiempo: 15 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Kits de pruebasKits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA con instrucciones del
fabricante
Articulos especfficos del juego, segun lo requieran las instrucciones del fabricante
Cubierta de plastico desechable de 2' por 2'
Cinta (conducto, pintores y protection)
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Cubrezapatos desechables
El fabricante proporciono tarjetas de verification de pruebas con capas de pintura a
base de plomo
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Bolsas de basura de alta resistencia
Superficie de madera pintada sin capa de pintura a base de plomo
Formulario de documentation del kit de pruebaskits de pruebas
Registro de progreso del asistente
Pluma o lapiz
Camara digital (optional)
Tarjetas de fndice numeradas (optional)
Aspiradora con accesorios aprobada por EPA (para limpiar despues del muestreo)
Nota para el instructor: Se sugiere encareddamente que los instructores preparen
bolsas plasticas que contengan todos los materiales necesarios para los ejercicios
practices, antes del ejercicio, a fin de cumplir con los limites de tiempo asignados al
conjunto de destrezas N° 1.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es ensenar a los alumnos a usar
correctamente los kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA para determinar si hay presencia
de pintura a base de plomo en los componentes y superficies afectadas por el trabajo de
renovacion.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos y recuerdeles
que deben documentar todas las areas donde el color de la pintura o las reacciones de
sustratos puedan causar un resultado incorrecto. Estas superficies no deben probarse
con kits de pruebas, deben ser sometidas a pruebas por inspectores certificados o
evaluadores de riesgos certificados; o bien, debe darse por hecho que contienen pintura
a base de plomo.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe mostrar y explicar todos los pasos que se
incluyen en el uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA. La demostracion no
debe durar mas de 5 minutos, incluido el tiempo necesario para repartir los
materiales.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Permita a los alumnos practicar los ocho pasos de la siguiente
pagina. Observe que cada alumno siga los pasos. Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias
a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se necesita mas practica. Esto no debe
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-6
-------
PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
tomar mas de 10 minutos. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para
ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y luego que este haya podido usar un
juego de prueba correctamente, el instructor debe escribir la palabra "Competente" en el
campo de registro de avance del participante que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 1
y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-7
-------
PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 1: Uso de kits de pruebas reconocidos por la EPA -
continuacion
Practica de destrezas:
Paso 1: Lea las instrucciones del fabricante
Paso 2: Escriba la information y las observaciones necesarias acerca de la ubicacion de la
prueba en el formulario de documentation del kits de pruebas*
Paso 3: (Optional) Fije una pequena cubierta de plastico desechable (de 2 x 2 pies) sobre
el piso debajo de la ubicacion de la prueba con cinta de protection.
Paso 4: Coloquese guantes desechables que no sean de latex y cubrezapatos.
Paso 5: Siga las instrucciones del fabricante para el uso del kits de pruebas para llevar a
cabo la prueba.* Realice una prueba de la tarjeta de prueba entregada por el
fabricante, para observar un resultado positive; Neve a cabo una prueba de
superficie de madera pintada con una capa de pintura que no sea a base de
plomo para observar un resultado negative.*
Paso 6: Use una toalla de limpieza humeda para eliminar los residues qufmicos que
queden sobre la superficie sometida a prueba. Use una segunda toalla de limpieza
humeda para eliminar cualquier escombro o polvo visible sobre el piso debajo del
area de recopilacion de muestras y coloque la toalla de limpieza utilizada para
limpiar dentro de la bolsa de basura.*
Paso 7: Verifique la documentation para finalizar y tome nota de los resultados de la
prueba en el formulario de documentation del kits de pruebas*
Paso 8: (Optional) Numere la ubicacion de la prueba en secuencia en el formulario de
documentation del kits de pruebas, luego seleccione la tarjeta de fndice numerada
correspondiente y peguela a un costado de la ubicacion de prueba con cinta de
protection y tome una fotograffa de la ubicacion de prueba numerada, a fin de
documentar fotograficamente la realization y posiblemente el resultado de la
prueba.
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de
"Competente".
Interpretacion de los resultados del muestreo del kit de pruebas:
Las instrucciones del fabricante senalaran el cambio de color del indicador fijado para el
plomo en la pintura. Una vez realizada la prueba, tome nota del resultado y consulte la gufa
del fabricante para interpretarlo. Todas las superficies pintadas que muestren el cambio de
color indicado por el fabricante para plomo en la pintura (un resultado de prueba positive)
deben tratarse como pintura a base de plomo hasta que un inspector de plomo certificado o
un evaluador de riesgos de plomo certificado efectuen pruebas adicionales para probar lo
contrario.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-8
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Documentacion de los resultados de los kits de pruebas:
Se debe enviar un informe con las averiguaciones hechas a partir del uso del kit de pruebas
a la persona que contrata el trabajo en un plazo de 30 dfas posteriores a la finalizacion del
trabajo de renovacion. La empresa certificada debe conservar el Formulario de
documentation del kit de pruebas durante 3 anos despues de finalizado el trabajo.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-9
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Formulario de documentacion del kit de pruebas Pagina 1 de
Informacion del propietario
Nombre del propietario u ocupante:
Direccion:
Ciudad: Estado:
Numero de contacto: ( )
Codiqo postal:
Correo electronico:
Informacion de la renovacion
Complete la siguiente informacion que este disponible acerca de la obra de renovacion, la
empresa y el renovador certificado.
Direccion de la renovacion: N° de
unidad
Ciudad: Estado: Codigo postal:
Nombre de la empresa certificada:
Direccion:
Ciudad: Estado: Codigo postal:
Numero de contacto: ( ) -
Correo electronico:
Nombre del renovador certificado: Fecha de certification: / /
Informacion de kit de pruebas
Use los siguientes espacios en bianco para identificar el kit de pruebas o los kits de
pruebas utilizados para probar componentes.
Kit de pruebas N° 1
Fabricante: Fecha de fabricacion: / /
Modelo: N° de serie:
Fecha de vencimiento:
Kit de pruebas N° 2
Fabricante: Fecha de fabricacion:
Modelo: N° de serie:
Fecha de vencimiento:
Kit de pruebas N° 3
Fabricante: Fecha de fabricacion:
Modelo: N° de serie:
Fecha de vencimiento:
Ejercicios practices 9defebrero A6-10
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Formulario de documentacion del kit de pruebas Pagina de
Direccion de la renovacion:
Ciudad: Estado: Codiqo postal:
N° de unidad
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Descripcion de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Descripcion de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Descripcion de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Descripcion de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Descripcion de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Descripcion de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
N° de ubicacion de la prueba Kit de pruebas utilizado: (Encierre en
Kit de pruebas N° 1 Kit de pruebas N° 2 Kit de pruebas N° 3
Descripcion de la ubicacion de pruebas:
Resultado: iHay plomo presente? (Encierre en un circulo solo una) SI
sospecha
un circulo
NO
solo uno)
Se
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-11
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 2: Instalacion de barreras, letreros y
puertas con proteccion plastica
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Cinta de barrera
Letreros de advertencia
Puerta que se usara en la instalacion de la entrada al area de trabajo
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Engrapadora y grapas
Mango de escoba, o espigas, o mango de metal o madera de 1" x 1" x 30"
Opcional: Tambien es posible usar sistemas de contention disenados previamente
para este ejercicio.
Nota para el instructor: Se sugiere encarecidamente que los instructores preparen
bolsas plasticas que contengan todos los materiales necesarios para la practica de
destrezas, antes del ejercicio, a fin de cumplir con los limites de tiempo asignados al
conjunto de destrezas N° 2.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para determinar donde colocar las barreras crfticas y darles la oportunidad de
practicar la colocacion de barreras e instalacion de letreros para aislar el area de trabajo del
acceso a personal no autorizado.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles
que estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 6 pie
cuadrados por habitacion de pintura a base de plomo, o cuando se vaya a reemplazar
una ventana o hacer una demolicion.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe mostrar y explicar todos los pasos que se
incluyen en el establecimiento de una barrera crftica y en la colocacion de letreros. Las
barreras crfticas son barreras de laminas plasticas que se aseguran sobre aberturas,
puertas y ventanas, las cuales deben permanecer en su lugar hasta la verification o
aprobacion de limpieza, a fin de mantener el polvo dentro del area de trabajo. A pesar de
que no siempre es obligatorio, estas pueden ayudar a controlar la propagation de polvo a
otras areas de la casa. Use a los alumnos para ayudar en el levantamiento de barreras
crfticas de demostracion. Nota: Para ahorrar tiempo, use barreras cortadas previamente
para la instalacion en las puertas de ingreso. Se pueden utilizar barreras adjuntas con velcro
para demostracion y practica. Tambien es posible usar letreros adjuntos con velcro.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: El instructor debe permitir a los alumnos que practiquen estos
pasos en la pagina siguiente, mientras se observa a cada uno realizarlos. Realice
correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si
se necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a
medida que trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios
para ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos
hayan completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-12
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del
participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 2 y al nombre del alumno
en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9defebrero A6-13
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 2: Instalacion de barreras, letreros y
puertas con proteccion plastica - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Pida a los ocupantes que abandonen la sala y permanezcan fuera del lugar donde
se realizara el trabajo.
Paso 2: Haga que permanezcan fuera hasta que finalice el procedimiento de verification
de limpieza o hasta que se reciba la aprobacion. Instale cinta de barrera para
establecer un perfmetro controlado.
Paso 3: Coloque un letrero de "No entrar" en la puerta de ingreso al area de trabajo.*
Coloque tambien un letrero que indique que no se permite comer, beber ni fumar
en el area de trabajo.*
Paso 4: Cubra la puerta de ingreso al area de trabajo con 2 capas de laminas plasticas de
la siguiente manera:*
Paso 5: Primero corte la capa de lamina plastica un poco mas ancha y larga que (cerca de
3 pulgadas mas larga) el marco de la puerta.*
Paso 6: Haga un pequeno pliegue en forma de "S" en la parte superior de la lamina
plastica y peguelo con cinta, de modo que todas las capas esten fijadas en la
parte superior del marco.* Haga un pliegue similar en forma de "S" en la parte
inferior de la lamina y peguelo con cinta, de modo que todas las capas esten
fijadas al piso.* Esto garantizara que la lamina plastica no quede tirante y permita
ceder en lugar de rasgarse cuando las personas la atraviesen. Fije ambos lados
de la lamina plastica al marco de la puerta con cinta adhesiva.
Paso 7: Engrape los extremes superiores al marco de la puerta como refuerzo.*
Paso 8: Para entrar y salir de la habitation, use cinta adhesiva para conductos para crear
una Ifnea vertical con la altura aproximada de un hombre desde el piso hasta el
travesano, en la mitad de la lamina plastica, en ambos costados.* Corte una
rendija vertical larga en la cinta para conductos; deje aproximadamente 6
pulgadas en la parte superior e inferior sin cortar.* Refuerce la parte superior e
inferior de la rendija con cinta para conductos horizontal para evitar que la lamina
se rasgue.*
Paso 9: Pegue con cinta una segunda capa de lamina plastica a la parte superior del
marco de la puerta.* Esta capa se corta un poco mas corta que el marco de la
puerta, de modo que cuelgue plana contra la primera capa de laminas plasticas.
Paso 10: Aplique peso a la parte inferior de la segunda capa; para ello, pegue con cinta
adhesiva para conductos una espiga al extremo inferior de la lamina. Esto crea
una proteccion plastica plana de sellado automatico sobre la puerta de ingreso y
sella la abertura que se corto en la lamina plastica durante el paso 8.
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-14
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 3: Cubrimiento o retire de muebles
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cinta adhesiva (para conductos, para pintores y de protection)
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para determinar cuando y como cubrir o retirar muebles y pertenencias de un area
de trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles
que estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 6 pie2 (pie
cuadrado) por habitacion de pintura a base de plomo, o cuando se vaya a reemplazar
una ventana o hacer una demolicion. Recuerdeles tambien que la mejor solucion para el
problema del traslado de muebles y pertenencias es notificar a los residentes que ellos
mismos hagan el traslado antes del trabajo. Recuerdeles que es mejor retirar los
muebles y perteneciencias personates en lugar de cubrirlas. Dele a los alumnos la
oportunidad de observar o practicar ambos metodos (cubrimiento y retiro).
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en el
cubrimiento o retiro de muebles y pertenencias del area de trabajo. Use a los alumnos para
demostrar el traslado de sillas fuera del area de trabajo. Cubra una mesa con laminas
plasticas y ffjelas con cinta adhesiva, de modo que no quede ninguna parte de la mesa al
descubierto. Comente la colocacion de otros elementos debajo de la mesa para una mayor
eficacia en la preparation del area de trabajo. La demostracion no debe durar mas de 3
minutos, incluido el tiempo necesario para repartir los materiales.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: El instructor debe permitir a los alumnos que practiquen estos
pasos en la siguiente pagina, mientras se observa como los realizan. Realice correcciones y
haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine si se necesita mas
practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a medida que trabajan. Los
alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser "Competentes". Evalue el
trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado correctamente los
elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo
del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 3 y al
nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-15
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 3: Cubrimiento o retire de muebles -
continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Saque todos los muebles del area de trabajo.
Nota: Si el area de capacitacion es pequena, designe un area contra una pared
para que represente la zona "fuera del area de trabajo", donde se puedan colocar
los muebles retirados del area de trabajo. En una sala de clases, mueva las sillas
y la mayorfa de las mesas hacia el area designada y cubra las mesas.
Paso 2: Reuna a los alumnos en grupos de 2 a 6 integrantes. Cubra varias de las mesas
donde trabajan los alumnos. Esto se hace de la siguiente manera:
Paso 3: Corte un trozo de lamina plastica lo suficientemente grande como para cubrir la
mesa y superponer el piso de 3 a 6 pulgadas.*
Paso 4: Fije la lamina plastica a la mesa o al piso con cinta adhesiva.*
Paso 5: Si no es necesario trasladar la mesa durante el trabajo, la lamina plastica puede
fijarse al piso con cinta adhesiva para conductos o de protection segun sea
apropiado para la superficie.*
Paso 6: Si es necesario trasladar la mesa durante el trabajo, envuelvala con laminas
plasticas incluidas las patas y fije la lamina plastica con cinta adhesiva. Tenga
cuidado al aplicar la cinta para no danar las superficies de acabado del mueble.*
Nota: Los alumnos deben comprender que se espera que retiren o cubran todos
los elementos decorativos de ventanas, muebles y tapetes que se encuentren a 6
pies de las superficies que se van a renovar, reparar o pintar. Es recomendable
retirar los muebles cada vez que sea posible.
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9defebrero A6-16
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 4: Instalacion de contencion interior
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Conos anaranjados
Cuerda o cinta de barrera (preferiblemente de color brillante)
Letreros de advertencia
Cinta metrica
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de proteccion)
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cubiertas magneticas
Almohadilla adhesiva desechable
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para cubrir pisos y cerrar y sellar puertas, ventanas y sistemas de climatizacion del
area de trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles
que estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 6 pie2 por
habitacion de pintura a base de plomo, o cuando se vaya a reemplazar una ventana o
hacer una demolicion.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en el
cubrimiento y sellado de pisos y otras superficies horizontales del area de trabajo y en el
cierre y sellado de puertas y ventanas entre el area de trabajo y zonas adyacentes. Use
alumnos para demostrar el cierre y aplicacion de cinta de proteccion a ventanas y puertas.
Recuerdeles que estan tratando de evitar que el polvo se escape del area de trabajo.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Permita que los alumnos practiquen los pasos para cubrir los
pisos, cerrar y sellar ventanas y cerrar y sellar puertas. Observe a cada alumno seguir los
pasos en la pagina siguiente. Haga correcciones y sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios
avancen y determine si se necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan
los pasos a medida que trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios
para ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan
completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento
como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda
al conjunto de destrezas N° 4 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-17
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 4: Instalacion de contencion interior -
continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: En cada puerta que no sea de ingreso al area de trabajo, coloque un cono
anaranjado, cinta de barrera y un letrero con la instruction "No entrar".*
Paso 2: Cierre todas las puertas y ventanas en el camino al area de trabajo.*
Paso 3: Aplique cinta adhesiva para pintores, de protection para conductos a las juntas
alrededor de cada marco de puerta y ventana.*
Paso 4: Corte la lamina plastica, de modo que cubra todas las superficies expuestas
dentro de 6 pies de los componentes que se veran afectados por el trabajo.*
Paso 5: Fije la lamina plastica al piso y a las paredes con cinta adhesiva.*
Paso 6: Use laminas plasticas estrechas para no pisar la alfombra o los pisos al salir
caminando del area de trabajo. Ffjelas al piso con cinta adhesiva.*
Paso 7: Cierre y cubra todas las tomas de aire acondicionado y calefaccion, con cubiertas
magneticas, cinta adhesiva o laminas plasticas y cinta adhesiva.* Ademas, si es
posible, apague el sistema de climatizacion mientras trabaja.* Las unidades de
climatizacion pueden volver a encenderse despues de la verification de la
limpieza o despues de obtener la aprobacion.
Paso 8: Organice todas las herramientas, artfculos y equipos que necesite para llevar a
cabo el trabajo de renovacion, reparacion o pintura sobre la lamina plastica en el
area de trabajo para no contaminarla.*
Paso 9: Ubique una almohadilla adhesiva desechable en la esquina de la lamina plastica
mas cercana a la puerta de entrada, a fin de controlar que no caiga polvo en dicha
lamina.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9defebrero A6-18
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 5: Instalacion de contencion exterior
Tiempo: 15 minutos
9 de febrero
Suministros necesarios:
Conos anaranjados
Cuerda o cinta de barrera (preferiblemente de color brillante) y estacas de cerca
Letreros de advertencia
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de protection)
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Cinta metrica
Almohadilla adhesiva desechable
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para restringir el ingreso al area de trabajo exterior y proteger de la contamination
el suelo de debajo y alrededor del area de trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles
que estos pasos de instalacion se deben completar antes de alterar mas de 20 pie2 de
pintura en componentes que han sido determinados como pintura a base de plomo, o
cuando se vaya a reemplazar una ventana o hacer una demolicion.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la
restriction del acceso al area de trabajo y la contencion de polvo dentro de esta ultima.
Enfatice a los alumnos que una instalacion apropiada restringira el acceso y evitara que el
polvo y los escombros se escapen del area de trabajo.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Permita que los alumnos cubran el suelo e instalen barreras
para evitar el acceso no autorizado al area de trabajo. Observe a cada alumno seguir los
pasos en la siguiente pagina. Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los
ejercicios avancen y determine si se necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos
que digan los pasos a medida que trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos
obligatorios para ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que
todos hayan completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el
rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que
corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 5 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-19
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 5: Instalacion de contencion exterior -
continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: En cada puerta que no sea de ingreso de camino al area de trabajo, coloque un
cono anaranjado, cinta de barrera y un letrero con la instruction "No entrar".*
Paso 2: Cierre todas las puertas y ventanas a 20 pies como maximo del area de trabajo.*
Paso 3: Coloque laminas plasticas como cubiertas para el suelo a un mfnimo de 10 pies
en todas las direcciones desde la ubicacion real de una area de alteration de la
pintura.*
Paso 4: Aplique peso a los bordes de la lamina plastica con listones de 2x4 o ladrillos o
bien, clavelos al suelo.*
Paso 5: Fije la lamina plastica al piso y a las paredes con cinta o materiales aislantes y
estacas.*
Paso 6: Coloque cercas de barrera o una cuerda alrededor del perfmetro del area de
trabajo a 20 pies desde esta ultima y en todos los costados expuestos.*
Paso 7: Establezca un punto de ingreso al area de trabajo y coloque un letrero con la
instruction "No entrar; no se permite comer, beber ni fumar".*.
Paso 8: Contenga los bordes de la lamina plastica para evitar que se escape el polvo.*
Puede contenerlos colocando una cuerda de baja altura cerca del suelo y
tendiendo la lamina plastica sobre la cuerda. Esta debe estar solo a unas
pulgadas del suelo. Tambien puede usar un listen de 2x4 estacado al suelo para
elevar los bordes de la lamina plastica en lugar del metodo de la cuerda.
Paso 9: Organice todas las herramientas, artfculos y equipos que necesite para llevar a
cabo el trabajo de renovacion, reparacion o pintura sobre la lamina plastica en el
area de trabajo para no contaminarla.*
Paso 10: Ubique una almohadilla adhesiva desechable en la esquina de la lamina plastica
mas cercana a la puerta de entrada, a fin de controlar que no caiga polvo en dicha
lamina.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-20
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 6: Equipos de proteccion personal
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Overoles desechables
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Cubrezapatos desechables
Proteccion para los ojos
Guantes de trabajo de lona o cuero
Mascarilla respiratoria N-100
Bolsas de desperdicio desechables
Cinta adhesiva para conductos
Instalaciones para lavarse las manos yjabon
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para ponerse (vestirse) y quitarse (desvestirse) los equipos de proteccion personal
y los pasos para descontaminar y eliminar el equipo usado.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que hay que seguir
para ponerse los equipos de proteccion personal y para ello, debe vestir a un alumno
voluntario con dichos equipos. Enfatice a los alumnos que estos equipos evitan su
exposition al plomo, al mismo tiempo que previenen la contamination de areas externas al
area de trabajo.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno seguir los pasos de la siguiente
pagina. Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y
determine si se necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a
medida que trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan
completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento
como "Competente" en el campo del registro de avance del participante, que corresponda al
conjunto de destrezas N° 6 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-21
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 6: Equipos de proteccion personal - continuacion
Practica de destrezas:
Paso 1: Pongase (vlstase con) un overol protector.*
Paso 2: Pongase guantes desechables.*
Paso 3: Pongase cubiertas para botas sobre el calzado.*
Paso 4: Pongase gafas protectoras.*
Paso 5: Pongase guantes de trabajo.*
Paso 6: Cuando este vestido con estos equipos de proteccion personal, hable sobre el uso
de mascarillas respiratorias y muestre el metodo correcto para colocarse y fijar la
mascarilla.
Nota: Los alumnos no deben usar mascarilla respiratoria si no estan inscritos
actualmente en el programa de proteccion respiratoria de la empresa de
capacitacion. Observe la demostracion pero no use mascarillas respiratorias si lo
antes mencionado se aplica en su caso.
Paso 7: Quftese los guantes de trabajo y pongalos en una bolsa de desechos marcada.*
Paso 8: Quftese las cubiertas para botas tirando de ellas desde el talon y enrollandolas de
adentro hacia afuera a medida que las retira. Cuando la haya quitado, pongala en
una bolsa de desechos marcada.*
Paso 9: Quftese el traje bajando la cremallera y enrollelo de adentro hacia afuera para no
desprender polvo. Cuando se lo haya quitado, pongalo en una bolsa de desechos
marcada.*
Paso 10: Quftese los guantes desechables que no sean de latex: tome el puno de un
guante y tire del mismo de adentro hacia afuera hasta sacarlo completamente.
Sostenga el guante que se ha quitado en la palma de la mano que aun conserva
el guante puesto. Meta un dedo de la mano sin guante debajo del puno de la
mano que conserva el guante y comience a retirarlo de forma que vaya enrollando
el guante ya sacado que sostiene en la mano. Cuando se los quite, tendra un
guante dentro de otro con el lado sucio contenido. Coloque los guantes en la bolsa
de desechos marcada.*
Paso 11: Lavese las manos, la cara y los zapatos con agua y jabon. Sequese las manos y
la cara con una toalla desechable.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-22
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 7: Limpieza final de interiores
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva para conductos
Aspiradoras HEPA con accesorios y una barra sacudidora electrica
Pulverizador de jardfn
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Balde para trapeador de dos lados con escurridora (o equivalente); cabezas
desechables del trapeador; trapeador con mango largo en donde se puedan colocar
los panos de limpieza desechables; o un sistema de limpieza humedo.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para limpiar el area de trabajo interior despues de terminar el trabajo y antes de la
inspeccion visual y procedimiento de verification de limpieza o examen de aprobacion.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles
que deben intentar limpiar completamente todo el polvo y escombros visibles del area de
trabajo y que este actividad sera revisada. Recuerdeles que se puede alcanzar este nivel
de limpieza, pero que requiere de atencion y ejecucion cuidadosas.
El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la limpieza
del area de trabajo. Enfatice a los alumnos que no existen atajos para aprobar la
inspeccion visual.
Los equipos de protection personal recomendados durante las actividades de
limpieza final constan de un conjunto de overoles, guantes y zapatos desechables.
Si la lamina plastica no esta en su lugar debido a ejercicios previos, coloque laminas
plasticas en el piso o alfombra.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno seguir los pasos en la siguiente
pagina. Realice correcciones y haga sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y
determine si se necesita mas practica. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos
obligatorios para ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que
todos hayan completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el
rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que
corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 7 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-23
-------
PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 7: Limpieza final de interiores -
continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Envuelva y selle, o coloque en bolsas todos los componentes y otros materiales
grandes, y luego retfrelos del area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Limpie la lamina plastica con una aspiradora HEPA (este procedimiento no es
obligatorio, pero es mas rapido que limpiar el polvo y los escombros a mano).
Rocfe agua en la lamina plastica y doble el lado sucio hacia adentro. Selle los
bordes de la lamina plastica plegada con cinta adhesiva o coloquela en una bolsa
plastica de alta resistencia. Deseche la lamina protectora.*
Paso 3: Retire todos los desechos del area de trabajo y coloquelos en recipientes de
desechos adecuados.*
Paso 4: Limpie todas las superficies dentro del area de trabajo y en un espacio de 2 pies
mas alia de esta area hasta que no quede polvo ni escombros. Comience a limpiar
desde la parte superior de las paredes en direction al piso, use una aspiradora
HEPA o una toalla humeda en todas las superficies de las paredes del area de
trabajo. Limpie con una aspiradora HEPA todas las superficies restantes del area
de trabajo, incluidos muebles y accesorios. Use el accesorio para tapiz y limpie las
superficies de las ventanas y la herramienta para fisuras en los bordes de las
paredes. Use la aspiradora HEPA con una barra sacudidora para limpiar la
alfombra. Trabaje desde el extremo mas alejado del area de trabajo hacia la
entrada, asegurandose de no pisar las areas que ya se limpiaron.*
Paso 5: Luego, limpie todas las superficies y objetos restantes del area de trabajo, salvo
las superficies alfombradas y tapizadas, con toallas de limpieza humedas
desechables. Trapee tambien los pisos que no tienen alfombras con un sistema
de limpieza de dos baldes o un sistema de limpieza humedo. Trabaje desde el
extremo mas alejado del area de trabajo hacia la entrada, asegurandose de no
pisar las areas que ya se limpiaron. Para las areas alfombradas, Neve a cabo una
segunda pasada con la aspiradora HEPA con la barra sacudidora en lugar de
limpiar con una toalla de limpieza humeda.*
Paso 6: Si la propiedad esta regulada por el HUD, repita el paso 4 para las paredes,
encimeras y pisos y luego siga con el paso 7. De lo contrario, continue con el paso
7.
Paso 7: Despues de finalizar los procedimientos de limpieza, revise su trabajo. Lleve a
cabo una inspeccion visual detenida del area de trabajo en busca de polvo y
escombros visibles. Si encuentra polvo y escombros visibles, repita los pasos 4 y
5, segun sea necesario, para asegurarse de que no queden residues y vuelva a
revisar su trabajo con una inspeccion visual completa del area. Cuando no detecte
residues de ningun tipo, continue con el paso 8.*
Paso 8: Notifique al renovador certificado a cargo del proyecto que el area de trabajo esta
lista para la inspeccion visual.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-24
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 8: Limpieza final de exteriores
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Cinta adhesiva (conductos, para pintores y de protection)
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Linterna.
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Aspiradora HEPA con accesorios
Balde para trapeador de dos lados con escurridora (o equivalente); cabezas
desechables del trapeador; trapeador con mango largo en donde se puedan colocar
los panos de limpieza desechables; o un sistema de limpieza humedo.
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para limpiar el area de trabajo exterior despues de terminar el trabajo y antes de la
inspection visual (si es necesario) y procedimiento de verification de limpieza o examen de
aprobacion.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles
que deben intentar limpiar todo el polvo y escombros visibles del area de trabajo y que
este sera revisado. Recuerdeles que se puede alcanzar este nivel de limpieza, pero que
requiere de atencion y ejecucion cuidadosas.
El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la limpieza
del area de trabajo. Enfatice a los alumnos que no existen atajos para aprobar la
inspection visual.
Los equipos de protection personal recomendados durante las actividades de
limpieza constan de un conjunto de overoles, guantes y zapatos desechables.
Si la lamina plastica no esta en su lugar debido a ejercicios previos, coloque laminas
plasticas en el piso o alfombra.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno seguir los pasos en la siguiente
pagina. Haga correcciones y sugerencias a medida que los ejercicios avancen y determine
si se necesita mas practica. Opcion: Solicite a los alumnos que digan los pasos a medida
que trabajan. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, luego que todos hayan completado
correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como
"Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda al
conjunto de destrezas N° 8 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-25
-------
PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 8: Limpieza final de exteriores -
continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Envuelva y selle, o coloque en bolsas todos los componentes y otros materiales
grandes, y luego retfrelos del area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Limpie la lamina plastica con una aspiradora HEPA (este procedimiento no es
obligatorio, pero es mucho mas rapido que limpiar el polvo y los escombros a
mano). Rocfe agua en la lamina plastica y doble el lado sucio hacia adentro. Selle
los bordes de la lamina plastica con cinta o coloquela en una bolsa plastica de alta
resistencia. Elimine la lamina plastica.*
Paso 3: Retire todos los desechos del area de trabajo y coloquelos en recipientes de
desechos adecuados.*
Paso 4: Limpie todas las superficies del area de trabajo y de los espacios a 2 pies
alrededor de esta, hasta que no quede polvo, escombros ni cascaras de pintura.*
Procedimiento de limpieza sugerido para superficies exteriores que se
pueden limpiar: Comience a limpiar desde la parte superior de las paredes en
direction al piso, con una aspiradora HEPA o con una toalla humeda por todas las
superficies que se puedan limpiar en el area de trabajo, incluidos muebles y
accesorios. Use la aspiradora HEPA con el accesorio para tapiz para las ventanas
y la herramienta para fisuras en las paredes. Trabaje desde el extremo mas
alejado del area de trabajo hacia la entrada, asegurandose de no pisar las areas
que ya se limpiaron.
Paso 5: Despues de finalizar la limpieza, revise su trabajo. Lleve a cabo una inspeccion
visual detenida del area de trabajo en busca de polvo, escombros o cascaras de
pintura visibles sobre las superficies diffciles de limpiar y busque los mismos
desechos en el suelo debajo de la lamina protectora del area de trabajo. Si
encuentra polvo o escombros, vuelva a limpiar y revise nuevamente su trabajo con
una inspeccion visual completa del area de trabajo. Cuando no detecte desechos
de ningun tipo, continue con el paso 6.*
Paso 6: Notifique al renovador certificado a cargo del proyecto que el area de trabajo esta
lista para la inspeccion visual.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-26
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas
Tiempo: 10 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Laminas plasticas usadas y equipo de protection personal usado (de los ejercicios
anteriores)
Polvo y escombros (de los ejercicios anteriores)
Lamina plastica de alta resistencia
Bolsas de desperdicio plasticas de alta resistencia
Herramienta cortadora (por ejemplo, navaja, cuchillo cortacarton o tijeras)
Aspiradora HEPA con accesorios
Cinta adhesiva para conductos
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para depositar en bolsas los desechos y aplicar el sello de cuello de cisne a estas
ultimas, envolver trozos grandes de escombros y eliminar los desechos del area de trabajo.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos.
Demostracion: El instructor del curso debe demostrar la tecnica correcta del sello de
cuello de cisne a las bolsas de desechos.
Carrera de relevos para la recogida de desechos en bolsas: Este ejercicio puede
realizarse como una carrera de relevos. Divida a los alumnos en grupos y haga que
cada miembro seleccione una bolsa de desechos, que la cargue con material
simulado, aplique el sello de cuello de cisne, aspire el exterior de la bolsa y la
entregue como finalizada en el area de almacenamiento simulada. Esto permitira que
los instructores observen la competencia en el metodo de cierre de bolsas y
aplicacion de la tecnica de cuello de cisne; ademas sera una forma entretenida de
aprender para los alumnos.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada estudiante efectuar el sello de cuello de cisne
en una bolsa de desechos. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para
ser "Competentes". Cuando el alumno haya completado exitosamente todos los elementos
requeridos del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro
de progreso del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 9 y al nombre del
alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-27
-------
PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 9: Recogida de desechos en bolsas -
continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Nota: Este ejercicio requiere que los materiales de desecho generados durante los
ejercicios se almacenen en bolsas sin sellar o en laminas de plastico.
Procedimiento de cuello de cisne para bolsas de desechos:
Paso 1: Cada alumno debe recibir una bolsa de desechos y colocar materiales en su
interior, los cuales se eliminaran como desechos simulados. No llene las bolsas en
exceso.
Paso 2: Tome con una mano el extreme abierto de la bolsa justo debajo de la abertura.*
Paso 3: Tuerza la bolsa de modo que el cuello de esta gire en la misma direction y forme
una columna de 8 a 10 pulgadas.*
Paso 4: Pliegue la columna torcida sobre si misma, de forma similar a como cuando pliega
una manguera para cortar el paso de agua.*
Paso 5: Tome el cuello plegado de la bolsa con una mano y enrolle cinta adhesiva
alrededor de el para asegurar el plegado en su lugar.*
Paso 6: Ahora enrolle la cinta alrededor de 2 a 3 pulgadas desde la parte superior del
pliegue, varias veces, de modo que la bolsa no pueda abrirse. El cuello de la bolsa
luce como el cuello de un cisne plegado sobre si mismo (sello de cuello de
cisne).*
Paso 7: Use la aspiradora HEPA para eliminar el polvo que provenga del interior de la
bolsa. Traslade las bolsas fuera del area de trabajo al contenedor de desechos
adecuado.*
Envoltura de trozos grandes de escombros:
Paso 1: Corte un trozo de plastico, de modo que con el pueda envolver los escombros que
se van a eliminar.*
Paso 2: Cuando esten envueltos en plastico, aplique cinta adhesiva a las juntas del
paquete.*
Paso 3: Enrolle cinta alrededor del ancho del paquete en tres puntos para evitar que se
desenrede.*
Paso 4: Use la aspiradora HEPA para retirar el polvo del exterior del paquete y trasladar
los escombros envueltos fuera del area de trabajo al contenedor de desechos
adecuado.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-28
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 10: Inspeccion visual
Tiempo: 5 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Cubrezapatos desechables
Linterna
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para llevar a cabo una inspection visual del area de trabajo antes de realizar el
procedimiento de verification de limpieza.
Nota para el instructor: Lea el proposito de esta actividad a los alumnos. Recuerdeles
que deben tratar de verificar que se haya limpiado todo el polvo y escombros visibles del
area de trabajo. Recuerdeles que se puede alcanzar este nivel de limpieza, pero que
requiere de atencion y ejecucion cuidadosa. Leales la siguiente nota.
Nota para los alumnos: Si se va a realizar un examen de aprobacion, el renovador
certificado tiene que realizar de todas formas la inspection visual antes de llevar a cabo
el examen de aprobacion de dos partes. El examen de aprobacion consta de una
inspection visual separada y una prueba de toalla de limpieza del polvo. El examen de
aprobacion de dos partes es efectuado por un inspector de plomo certificado, evaluador
de riesgos de plomo certificado o tecnico en muestreo de polvo certificado.
Demostracion: El instructor de curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la
aprobacion visual del area de trabajo. Enfatice a los alumnos que no existen atajos para
aprobar la inspection visual.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno llevar a cabo una inspection visual y
escuche a medida que senalen problemas que deban resolverse. Los alumnos deben
completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser "Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada
alumno y, despues de que todos hayan completado correctamente los elementos
obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento como "Competente" en el campo del registro
de progreso del participante, que corresponda al conjunto de destrezas N° 10 y al nombre
del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-29
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 10: Inspeccion visual - continuacion
Practica de destrezas:
Paso 1: Coloquese cubrezapatos desechables, de modo que no saque ni ingrese polvo ni
escombros al area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Encienda todas las luces disponibles en el area de trabajo. Lleve consigo una
linterna de luz blanca para asegurarse de contar con una iluminacion adecuada.*
Paso 3: Busque sistematicamente en cada superficie horizontal del area de trabajo,
avanzando desde el punto mas alejado de la entrada sin recorrer sus pasos.
Acerquese a las superficies que inspeccione.*
Nota: Recuerde que esta es una inspeccion visual, pero en la verificacion de
limpieza se limpiara el polvo con una toalla para realizar una comparacion con la
tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza. Si sospecha que hay una superficie sucia, haga
que la vuelvan a limpiar con un pano humedo nuevo.
Paso 4: En caso de que encuentre polvo o escombros visibles, vuelva a limpiar el area de
trabajo y repita el paso 3.*
Paso 5: Cuando haya inspeccionado cuidadosamente todas las superficies y no haya
encontrado polvo ni escombros, continue con el procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza del conjunto de destrezas N° 11.*
*lndica las destrezas obligatorias que se deben lograr para obtener una calificacion de "Competente".
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-30
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza
Tiempo: 15 minutos
9 de febrero
Articulos necesarios:
Talco para bebes o almidon de malz
Cubrezapatos desechables
Linterna
Guantes desechables que no sean de latex
Toallas de limpieza humedas desechables
Tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza; cada alumno tomara y guardara una
Panos de limpieza desechables, de color bianco y cargados de manera
electrostatica, disenados para limpiar superficies duras
Trapeador con mango largo, disenado para toallas de limpieza humedas
Cinta metrica
Reloj de pared o pulsera
Proposito: El proposito de este ejercicio practice es mostrar a los alumnos los pasos
correctos para llevar a cabo el procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.
El instructor del curso debe explicar todos los pasos que se incluyen en la realization
del procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.
Evaluacion de los alumnos: Observe a cada alumno llevar a cabo el procedimiento de
verificacion de limpieza y escuche a medida que senalen problemas que deban ser
solucionados. Los alumnos deben completar todos los pasos obligatorios para ser
"Competentes". Evalue el trabajo de cada alumno y, despues de que todos hayan
completado correctamente los elementos obligatorios del ejercicio, registre el rendimiento
como "Competente" en el campo del registro de progreso del participante, que corresponda
al conjunto de destrezas N° 11 y al nombre del alumno en particular.
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-31
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PRACTICAS SEGURAS PARA TRABAJAR CON EL PLOMO en labores de
renovacion, reparacion y pintura
Conjunto de destrezas N° 11: Procedimiento de verificacion de
limpieza - continuacion
Practice de destrezas:
Paso 1: Cuando ingrese en el area de trabajo, coloquese cubrezapatos desechables, de
modo que no saque ni ingrese polvo ni escombros al area de trabajo.*
Paso 2: Encienda todas las luces disponibles en el area de trabajo. Asegurese de tener la
iluminacion necesaria.*
Para los antepechos de las ventanas:
Paso 3: Con los guantes puestos, limpie cada antepecho de ventana del area de trabajo
con una toalla de limpieza blanca y humeda.*
Paso 4: Compare la toalla de limpieza con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza. Si la
primera toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion, el
antepecho de la ventana esta limpio; siga con el paso 6. Si la primera toalla de
limpieza no es igual ni mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion de
limpieza, vuelva a limpiar el antepecho de la ventana y repita el paso 3 y luego
siga con el paso 5 (omita este paso).*
Paso 5: Compare la segunda toalla de limpieza con la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza.
Si la segunda toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion
de limpieza, el antepecho de la ventana esta limpio; siga con el paso 6. Si la
segunda toalla de limpieza no es igual ni mas blanca (no mas clara) que la tarjeta
de verificacion de limpieza, espere una hora o hasta que la superficie humeda se
seque (para propositos de este ejercicio no debera esperar). Luego, vuelva a
limpiar la superficie con un pano de limpieza seco, bianco, cargado con
electricidad estatica desechable disenado para uso en superficies diffciles de
limpiar. El antepecho de la ventana estara limpio y habra finalizado el
procedimiento de verificacion de limpieza.*
Para pisos v encimeras:
Paso 6: Con los guantes puestos, limpie cada piso o encimera del area de trabajo con una
toalla de limpieza blanca y humeda. Para los pisos, use un trapeador con mango
largo disenada para contener una toalla de limpieza. Para los pisos, limpie no mas
de 40 pies cuadrados con cada toalla. Para las encimeras, limpie la superficie
completa de la encimera hasta 40 pies cuadrado con cada toalla.*
Paso 7: Compare cada toalla de limpieza de piso y encimera con la tarjeta de verificacion
de limpieza. Si la primera toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara) que la tarjeta de
verificacion, el piso o la encimera estan limpios. Si la primera toalla no es igual ni
mas blanca (no mas clara) que la tarjeta de verificacion de limpieza, vuelva a
limpiar la seccion del piso o de la encimera, limpie la seccion del piso o encimera
con una toalla humeda limpia y repita el paso 6 para dicha seccion y siga con el
paso 8 (omita este paso).*
Paso 8: Compare la segunda toalla de limpieza del piso o encimera con la tarjeta de
verificacion de limpieza. Si la segunda toalla es igual o mas blanca (mas clara)
que la tarjeta de verificacion, la seccion del piso o de la encimera se ha limpiado
Ejercicios practices 9 de febrero A6-32
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Apendice 7:
Reglamentos estatales y locales
(Note: Este Apendice se dejo intencionadamente en bianco para permitir que los
proveedores de capacitacion agreguen los reglamentos estatales y locales aplicables.)
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Apendice 8:
Situacion normativa de desechos de
contratistas y residentes generados en
actividades domesticas con pintura
a base de plomo
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MEMORANDUM
De: Elizabeth A. Cotsworth, directora
Oficina de Desechos Solidos
Para: Asesores superiores de politicas de RCRA
Regiones EPA 1 a la 10
Asunto: Situation normativa de desechos de contratistas y residentes generados en
actividades domesticas con pintura a base de plomo
^Cual es el proposito de esta interpretation?
Este memorandum aclara la situation normativa de los desechos generados como resultado
de actividades domesticas con pintura a base de plomo (LBP, por sus siglas en ingles), que
incluyen la reduction, la renovation y la remodelacion en hogares y en otras residencias.
Desde 1980, la Agenda de Protection Ambiental (EPA, por sus siglas en ingles) ha excluido
los desechos domesticos del universe de los desechos peligrosos de la Ley de Conservation y
Recuperation de Recursos (RCRA, por sus siglas en ingles) segun el Codigo de Regulation
Federal 40 261.4 (b) (1). En la propuesta de suspension temporal de la caracteristica toxica
(TC, por sus siglas en ingles) de 1998, aclaramos que la exclusion de los desechos
domesticos se aplica a todos los desechos de pintura a base de plomo (LBP, por sus siglas en
ingles) que se generen como resultado de acciones de residentes domesticos (denominados
de aqui en adelante "residentes") para renovar, remodelar o derribar sus hogares por si
mismos. Regulation Federal 63 70233, 70241 (18 de diciembre de 1998). En este
memorandum, EPA explica que creemos que los escombros de pintura a base de plomo
generados por contratistas en hogares tambien son "desechos domesticos", y por lo tanto,
quedan excluidos de los reglamentos para desechos peligrosos que se indican en el Subtitulo
C de la RCRA. De este modo, la exclusion domestica se aplica a los desechos generados por
residentes o contratistas que lleven a cabo actividades con LBP en residencias.
^Cual es la importancia practica de la clasificacion de los desechos de LPB como
desechos domesticos?
Como resultado de esta aclaracion, los contratistas pueden eliminar los desechos peligrosos
de LBP de las reducciones de pintura a base de plomo como basura domestica sujeta a los
reglamentos estatales aplicables. Esta practica simplificara muchas actividades de reduction
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de plomo, ademas de reducir sus costos. De esta forma, la aclaracion en el memorandum de
hoy facilitara la reduction, la renovation y la remodelacion residenciales adicionales,
ademas de las actividades de rehabilitation, para asi proteger a los nifios contra la exposition
continua a la pintura a base de plomo en hogares y para que las viviendas residenciales sean
seguras en lo que se refiere al plomo, tanto para nifios como para adultos.
Los escombros de LBP (como los componentes arquitectonicos de los edificios: puertas,
marcos de ventanas, carpinteria pintada) que no presenten la caracteristica de toxicidad para
plomo no necesitan tratarse como un desecho peligroso. Sin embargo, los desechos de LBP
como escombros, cascaras de pintura, polvo y lodo que se generen a partir de actividades de
reduction y remocion de plomo que presenten la caracteristica de toxicidad para el plomo (es
decir, que excedan el limite normativo de caracteristica de toxicidad de 5 mg/L de plomo en
el lixiviado de los desechos), son desechos peligrosos y se deben tratar y eliminar de acuerdo
con los requisites aplicables del subtitulo C de la RCRA (que incluye restricciones de
esparcimiento sobre la tierra), excepto cuando sean "desechos domesticos". Segun el Codigo
de Regulation Federal 40 261.4 (b) (1), los desechos domesticos quedan excluidos de los
requisites de gestion de desechos peligrosos. Hoy en dia, la EPA aclara que los desechos
generados como parte de actividades con LBP que se lleven a cabo en residencias (que
incluyen hogares para solo una familia, edificios de apartamentos, viviendas publicas y
cuarteles militares) tambien son desechos domesticos, y que dichos desechos ya no son
peligrosos y ademas, estan excluidos de las regulaciones de gestion y elimination de
desechos peligrosos de la RCRA. Los generadores de desechos de LBP residenciales no
tienen que realizar una determination de desechos peligrosos de RCRA. Esta interpretation
se mantiene sin importar si el desecho presenta la caracteristica de toxicidad o si las
actividades con LBP las realizaron los propios residentes o un contratista.
^Donde puedo eliminar mis desechos domesticos de LBP?
Los desechos de LBP provenientes de residencias se pueden eliminar en un vertedero
municipal de desechos solidos (MSWLF, por sus siglas en ingles) o en una camara de
combustion de desechos solidos municipal. No se permite verter ni quemar desechos
residenciales de LBP al aire libre. Ciertos desechos de LBP (grandes cantidades de desechos
concentrados de pintura a base de plomo, como cascaras de pintura, polvo o lodo)
provenientes de actividades de remocion de plomo, pueden estar sujetos a requisites mas
estrictos por parte de las autoridades estatales, locales o tribales.
<;Cual es la base de esta interpretacion?
La exclusion de los desechos domesticos implementa el proposito del Congreso con respecto
a que los reglamentos sobre los desechos peligrosos "no se deben utilizar para controlar la
elimination de las sustancias que se usen de forma domestica, ni tampoco para extender el
control sobre los desechos municipales generates en base a la presencia de dichas
sustancias". S. Rep. N° 94-988, 94° Congreso. 2a Sesion, en 16. Los reglamentos de la EPA
defmen "desechos domesticos" como aquellos que contienen "cualquier material de desecho
(lo que incluye basura y desechos sanitarios en tanques septicos) que se derive de viviendas
(lo que incluye residencias para una sola familia o para varias de ellas, hoteles y moteles,
albergues, estaciones de guardabosque, habitaciones para cuadrillas, campamentos, terrenos
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para picnic y areas de recreation para el uso durante el dia)". Codigo de Regulation Federal
40 261.4 (b) (1). La Agenda ha aplicado dos criterios para defmir el alcance de la exclusion:
(1) el desecho lo deben generar personas en un establecimiento domestico, y (2) el desecho se
debe componer principalmente de materiales que se encuentran en desechos generados por
consumidores en sus hogares (Registro Federal 49 44978 y Registro Federal 63 70241).
En 1998, la EPA concluyo que los desperdicios de LBP que son resultado de trabajos de
renovation y remodelacion realizados por los residentes domesticos cumplen estos criterios.
(Registro Federal 63 70241-42, 18 de diciembre de 1998). En resumen, la Agenda descubrio
que cada vez hay mas residentes que realizan estas actividades y por lo tanto, se puede
considerar que los desechos los genera el grupo familiar y del tipo que los consumidores
generan habitualmente en sus hogares. Tambien se consideraron como desechos domesticos
los desechos de las reducciones de LBP realizadas por residentes.
La EPA aclara que esta interpretation tambien se aplica a los desechos de LBP generados por
el contratista cuando lleva a cabo renovaciones, remodelaciones y reducciones en
residencias. Tanto la definition de desechos domesticos en la section 261.4 (b) (1) como los
criterios de la Agenda para la determination del alcance de la exclusion se concentran en el
tipo de desecho generado y en el lugar de la generation, en lugar de la persona que genere el
desecho (por ejemplo, un residente o un contratista). Este enfoque es coherente con la
politica anterior de la Agenda.1 Debido a que los desechos de LBP que genere el contratista
al llevar a cabo renovaciones, remodelaciones, rehabilitaciones y reducciones son del tipo
que generan los consumidores en sus hogares, es apropiado concluir que dichos desechos (ya
sean generados por un residente o por un contratista), estan comprendidos dentro de la
exclusion de desechos domesticos. Esta aclaracion facilitara las reducciones y las actividades
de remocion de plomo en viviendas de interes al reducir los costos de la gestion y elimination
de los desechos de LBP de las residencias.
<;Cual es la relation entre esta interpretation y la continua creacion de reglas sobre
escombros de LBP?
El 18 de diciembre de 1998, la EPA recomendo nuevos estandares de la Ley para el Control
de Sustancias Toxicas (TSCA, por sus siglas en ingles) para la gestion y elimination de los
escombros de LBP (Registro Federal 63 70190), simultaneamente sugirio suspender de
1 En la regla final que establece los estandares para el control y la gestion de desechos medicos, la EPA
concluyo que los desechos generados por proveedores de atencion de salud (por ejemplo, contratistas) en
viviendas privadas estarian cubiertos por la exclusion de desechos domesticos. Registro Federal 54 12326,
12339 (marzo 24 de 1989). En el contexto especifico de la LBP, la Agencia establecio en un informe de la linea
directa de la EPA (pregunta N° 6 de la RCRA) de marzo de 1990, que las cascaras y el polvo de pintura a base
de plomo que eran resultado del lavado y de una nueva pintura de las paredes residenciales por el propietario o
por contratistas (como parte del mantenimiento domestico de rutina), seria parte de la corriente de los desechos
domesticos y no estarian sujetos a los reglamentos del Subtitulo C de RCRA. Del mismo modo, en un
memorandum de marzo de 1995 sobre la Aplicabilidad de la exclusion de los desechos domesticos a suelos
contaminados con plomo, descubrimos que si la fuente de contamination por plomo era resultado del
mantenimiento residencial de rutina, de los efectos del tiempo o del desgaste por friction de la pintura a base de
plomo de la residencia, los reglamentos de desechos peligrosos no se aplican hasta que el suelo contaminado
con plomo sea tratado en la obra o eliminado de esta, de acuerdo con los reglamentos de desechos solidos
aplicables o la ley estatal, segiin lo exija RCRA.
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forma temporal la aplicabilidad de los reglamentos de desechos peligrosos de la RCRA que
se aplican actualmente a los escombros de LBP (Registro Federal 63 70233). Este
memorandum responde a las solicitudes que hicieran las partes interesadas para que la EPA
aclarara si la exclusion existente de desechos domesticos se aplica tanto a los propietarios
como a los contratistas que llevan a cabo actividades con LBP en residencias. Mientras la
Agencia aun se propone concretar aspectos de las dos propuestas, realizamos esta aclaracion
con anticipation a la regla final para facilitar la reduccion de LBP en residencias, sin retrasos
innecesarios.
^Como afecta esta interpretation a las autoridades de fiscalizacion de la EPA?
Segun esta aclaracion, los desechos de LBP generados por residentes o contratistas a partir de
la renovation, remodelacion, rehabilitation o reduccion en residencias son desechos
domesticos que quedan excluidos de los requisites de desechos peligrosos de la EPA en el
Codigo de Regulacion Federal 40, Parte 124 y 262 hasta la 271. La estipulacion de los
desechos domesticos en el Codigo de Regulacion Federal 40 261.4 (b)(l) solo excluye a
dichos desechos de los requisites normativos de la RCRA. Sin embargo, esto no afecta la
capacidad de la EPA para llegar a aquellos desechos bajo su autoridad legal, como §3007
(inspection) y §7003 (peligro inminente) de la RCRA. Consulte el Codigo de Regulacion
Federal 40 §261.1 (b).
^Cuales son las "mejores practicas de gestion" para el tratamiento de desechos
domesticos de LBP?
Aunque los desechos domesticos estan excluidos de los reglamentos de desechos peligrosos,
la EPA insta a los residentes y contratistas que trabajen con desechos domesticos de LBP a
que tomen medidas para minimizar la generation de polvo con plomo, limitar el acceso a
desechos almacenados de LBP, lo que incluye escombros, y mantener la integridad del
material de empaque de desechos durante el transporte de desechos de LBP. En particular,
continuamos con la aprobacion de los pasos basicos que se detallan en las propuestas de 1998
para la manipulation y eliminacion apropiada de los desechos de LBP (Registro Federal 63
70242) como las mejores practicas de gestion (BMP, por sus siglas en ingles), entre los que
se encuentran:
La recogida de cascaras y polvo de pintura, tierra y cascotes en bolsas de basura
plasticas para su eliminacion.
El almacenamiento de grandes piezas de escombros arquitectonicos de LBP en
contenedores hasta que esten listos para su eliminacion.
La consideration del uso de un contenedor de escombros cubierto y que sea movil
(como un contenedor rodado) para el almacenamiento de escombros de LBP hasta que
el trabajo este terminado.
La comunicacion con municipalidades locales u oficinas de desechos solidos del
condado para determinar donde y como se pueden eliminar los escombros de LBP.
Ademas, los contratistas que trabajen en viviendas residenciales estan sujetos a uno o a
ambos de los siguientes requisites:
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La orientation del Departamento de Vivienda y Urbanismo (HUD, por sus siglas en
ingles) para contratistas que lleven a cabo proyectos de rehabilitation o renovation con
fondos publicos en viviendas publicas. (Consulte Guidelines for the Evaluation and
Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing [Pautas para la evaluation y el control
de peligros de pinturas a base de plomo en viviendas] del Departamento de Vivienda y
Urbanismo de los Estados Unidos, junio de 1995). Se puede acceder a las pautas del
HUD a traves de Internet en:
http://www.hud.gov/lea/learules.html
Requisites de la Ley para el Control de Sustancias Toxicas 402/404 para la
capacitacion y certification. (Consulte el Codigo de Regulation Federal 40 Parte 745,
Registro Federal 61 45778. de agosto de 1996) y los estandares de gestion en la obra
sugeridos por la TSCA (consulte el Codigo de Regulation Federal 40 Parte 745,
Subparte P, Regulation Federal 63 70227 a 70230, 18 de diciembre de 1998). [La EPA
espera emitir la regla final el proximo afio.]
Las mejores practicas de gestion domestica mencionadas antedormente, son similares a
aquellas que se incluyen en las pautas de HUD para personas que controlan los peligros de
LBP en viviendas. El HUD exige que los contratistas que utilicen el fmanciamiento de HUD
cumplan las pautas para el control de peligros. Si no se respetan estas pautas, esto podria
(potencialmente) ocasionar la perdida del fmanciamiento.
<;Se aplica esta interpretation en mi estado o localidad?
Instamos a los contratistas y residentes a que se comuniquen con su gobierno estatal, local o
tribal para determinar si alguna de las restricciones se aplica a la elimination de desechos
domesticos de LBP. Esta verification es necesaria ya que, segun la RCRA, los gobiernos
estatales, locales y tribales pueden exigir reglamentos que sean mas estrictos o amplios en
cuanto a su alcance en comparacion con los requisites federates. Por lo tanto, en dichas
circunstancias, los desechos domesticos de LBP aun pueden regularse como desechos
peligrosos segun los reglamentos estatales.
Distribuimos este memorandum en los 56 estados y territorios, ademas de programas tribales
y distintas asociaciones comerciales. Incentivamos a los estados a que hagan tareas de
coordination para la implementation de la interpretation que se analiza en este
memorandum, y asi facilitar las reducciones domesticas de LBP en sus estados para que las
viviendas residenciales esten seguras con relation al plomo. Instamos a que las asociaciones
comerciales informen a sus miembros sobre este memorandum y que les ensefien las formas
de tratar los desechos domesticos de LBP.
j,Con quien debo comunicarme para obtener mas information?
Si tiene alguna duda adicional sobre la situation normativa de los desechos que se generen de
actividades con pintura a base de plomo en residencias, comuniquese con la Sra. Rajani D.
Joglekar, que es parte de mi personal, llamando al 703-308-8806 6 tambien puede llamar al
Sr. Malcolm Woolf a la Oficina del Asesor Legal de EPA al 202-564-5526.
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cc: Contactos clave de RCRA, regiones 1 a 10
Contactos de consejeros regionales de RCRA, regiones 1 a 10
Contactos de consejeros regionales fiscalizadores de RCRA, regiones 1 a 10
Asociacion de Funcionarios de Gestion Estatal y Territorial de Desechos Solidos
(ASTSWMO)
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Apendice 9:
Para obtener mas informacion
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APENDICE 9: Para obtener mas informacion
Si usted es una persona con problemas de ofdo o de lenguaje oral, puede comunicarse
con los siguientes numeros de telefono mediante TTY, llamando al Servicio de
Informacion Federal al 1-800-877-8339.
i.D6nde se pueden obtener copias del folleto Renovar correctamente: Informacion
importante para familias, proveedores de cuidado infantil y escuelas acerca del peligro
del plomo, en ingles o espanol?
>^ Descargue copias electronicas en: http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovation.htm.
S Para copiar el folleto puede usar las copias listas para reproducir del Centre
Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo, siempre y cuando reproduzca el texto y
los graficos en su totalidad: 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
S Haga un pedido de copias al por mayor a la Oficina Gubernamental de Impresion,
(GPO, por sus siglas en ingles), cuyo costo es de US$53.00 por un paquete de 50
folletos: 202-512-1800; consulte el folleto segun su nombre o haga un pedido en
Ifnea en http://bookstore.gpo.gov.
i.D6nde se pueden obtener copias de la Guia de cumplimiento destinada a entidades
pequenas para renovar correctamente?
>^ Descargue copias electronicas en formato PDF en
http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovation.htm.
>^ Comunfquese con el Centra Nacional de Informacion sobre el Plomo en el:
1-800-424-LEAD (5323)
^ Oficina de Prevention de la Contamination y. Sustancias Toxicas (OPPT, por sus
siglas en ingles) de EPA: www.epa.gov/lead
>^ Oficina de Viviendas Saludables y Control de Peligros por Plomo de HUD:
www.hud.gov/offices/lead o por correo electronico a lead.regulations@hud.gov.
9 de febrero A9-1
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