Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States
Detailed Tables and Figures for 2008
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery
November 2009
o
-------
Table 1
MATERIALS GENERATED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Materials
Paper and Paperboard
Glass
Metals
Ferrous
Aluminum
Other Nonferrous
Total Metals
Plastics
Rubber and Leather
Textiles
Wood
Other **
Total Materials in Products
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - Weight
Materials
Paper and Paperboard
Glass
Metals
Ferrous
Aluminum
Other Nonferrous
Total Metals
Plastics
Rubber and Leather
Textiles
Wood
Other **
Total Materials in Products
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
29,990
6,720
10,300
340
180
10,820
390
1,840
1,760
3,030
70
54,620
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
88,120
1970
44,310
12,740
12,360
800
670
13,830
2,900
2,970
2,040
3,720
770
83,280
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
121,060
1980
55,160
15,130
12,620
1,730
1,160
15,510
6,830
4,200
2,530
7,010
2,520
108,890
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
151,640
1990
72,730
13,100
12,640
2,810
1,100
16,550
17,130
5,790
5,810
12,210
3,190
146,510
20,800
35,000
2,900
58,700
205,210
2000
87,740
12,760
14,110
3,200
1,600
18,910
25,540
6,710
9,440
13,110
4,000
178,210
26,810
30,530
3,500
60,840
239,050
2003
83,160
12,550
14,750
3,240
1,620
19,610
27,870
7,070
10,670
13,670
4,030
178,630
28,510
31,470
3,620
63,600
242,230
2005
84,840
12,540
14,990
3,330
1,740
20,060
29,240
7,360
11,380
14,080
4,170
183,670
30,220
32,070
3,690
65,980
249,650
2007
82,530
12,520
15,640
3,360
1,780
20,780
30,740
7,540
1 1 ,940
16,070
4,440
186,560
31,650
32,630
3,750
68,030
254,590
2008
77,420
12,150
15,680
3,410
1,760
20,850
30,050
7,410
12,370
16,390
4,500
181,140
31,790
32,900
3,780
68,470
249,610
Percent of Total Generation
1960
34.0%
7.6%
11.7%
0.4%
0.2%
12.3%
0.4%
2.1%
2.0%
3.4%
0.1%
62.0%
13.8%
22.7%
1.5%
38.0%
100.0%
1970
36.6%
10.5%
10.2%
0.7%
0.6%
11.4%
2.4%
2.5%
1.7%
3.1%
0.6%
68.8%
10.6%
19.2%
1.5%
31.2%
100.0%
1980
36.4%
10.0%
8.3%
1.1%
0.8%
10.2%
4.5%
2.8%
1.7%
4.6%
1.7%
71.8%
8.6%
18.1%
1.5%
28.2%
100.0%
1990
35.4%
6.4%
6.2%
1.4%
0.5%
8.1%
8.3%
2.8%
2.8%
6.0%
1.6%
71.4%
10.1%
17.1%
1.4%
28.6%
100.0%
2000
36.7%
5.3%
5.9%
1 .3%
0.7%
7.9%
10.7%
2.8%
3.9%
5.5%
1 .7%
74.5%
1 1 .2%
12.8%
1 .5%
25.5%
100.0%
2003
34.3%
5.2%
6.1%
1 .3%
0.7%
8.1%
1 1 .5%
2.9%
4.4%
5.6%
1 .7%
73.7%
1 1 .8%
13.0%
1 .5%
26.3%
100.0%
2005
34.0%
5.0%
6.0%
1 .3%
0.7%
8.0%
1 1 .7%
2.9%
4.6%
5.6%
1 .7%
73.6%
12.1%
12.8%
1 .5%
26.4%
100.0%
2007
32.4%
4.9%
6.1%
1 .3%
0.7%
8.2%
12.1%
3.0%
4.7%
6.3%
1 .7%
73.3%
12.4%
12.8%
1 .5%
26.7%
100.0%
2008
31 .0%
4.9%
6.3%
1 .4%
0.7%
8.4%
12.0%
3.0%
5.0%
6.6%
1 .8%
72.6%
12.7%
13.2%
1 .5%
27.4%
100.0%
Generation before materials recovery or combustion. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial
process wastes, or certain other wastes.
Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp, feces, and urine in disposable diapers.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
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Table 2
RECOVERY* OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, 1960 TO 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each material)
Materials
Paper and Paperboard
Glass
Metals
Ferrous
Aluminum
Other Nonferrous
Total Metals
Plastics
Rubber and Leather
Textiles
Wood
Other **
Total Materials in Products
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - Weight
Materials
Paper and Paperboard
Glass
Metals
Ferrous
Aluminum
Other Nonferrous
Total Metals
Plastics
Rubber and Leather
Textiles
Wood
Other **
Total Materials in Products
Other Wastes
Food, OtherA
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
5,080
100
50
Neg.
Neg.
50
Neg.
330
50
Neg.
Neg.
5,610
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
5,610
1970
6,770
160
150
10
320
480
Neg.
250
60
Neg.
300
8,020
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
8,020
1980
11,740
750
370
310
540
1,220
20
130
160
Neg.
500
14,520
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
14,520
1990
20,230
2,630
2,230
1,010
730
3,970
370
370
660
130
680
29,040
Neg.
4,200
Neg.
4,200
33,240
2000
37,560
2,880
4,680
860
1,060
6,600
1,480
820
1,320
1,240
980
52,880
680
15,770
Neg.
16,450
69,330
2003
39,610
2,650
5,210
690
1,050
6,950
1,530
1,100
1,560
1,280
980
55,660
750
18,330
Neg.
19,080
74,740
2005
41,960
2,590
5,030
690
1,200
6,920
1,760
1,100
1,850
1,310
1,140
58,630
690
19,860
Neg.
20,550
79,180
2007
44,480
2,880
5,280
730
1,240
7,250
2,100
1,140
1,920
1,540
1,170
62,480
810
20,900
Neg.
21,710
84,190
2008
42,940
2,810
5,290
720
1,210
7,220
2,120
1,060
1,890
1,580
1,150
60,770
800
21,300
Neg.
22,100
82,870
Percent of Generation of Each Material
1960
16.9%
1 .5%
0.5%
Neg.
Neg.
0.5%
Neg.
17.9%
2.8%
Neg.
Neg.
10.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.4%
1970
15.3%
1 .3%
1 .2%
1 .3%
47.8%
3.5%
Neg.
8.4%
2.9%
Neg.
39.0%
9.6%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.6%
1980
21 .3%
5.0%
2.9%
17.9%
46.6%
7.9%
0.3%
3.1%
6.3%
Neg.
19.8%
13.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
9.6%
1990
27.8%
20.1%
17.6%
35.9%
66.4%
24.0%
2.2%
6.4%
1 1 .4%
1.1%
21 .3%
19.8%
Neg.
12.0%
Neg.
7.2%
16.2%
2000
42.8%
22.6%
33.2%
26.9%
66.3%
34.9%
5.8%
12.2%
14.0%
9.5%
24.5%
29.7%
2.5%
51 .7%
Neg.
27.0%
29.0%
2003
47.6%
21.1%
35.3%
21 .3%
64.8%
35.4%
5.5%
15.6%
14.6%
9.4%
24.3%
31 .2%
2.6%
58.2%
Neg.
30.0%
30.9%
2005
49.5%
20.7%
33.6%
20.7%
69.0%
34.5%
6.0%
14.9%
16.3%
9.3%
27.3%
31 .9%
2.3%
61 .9%
Neg.
31.1%
31 .7%
2007
53.9%
23.0%
33.8%
21.7%
69.7%
34.9%
6.8%
15.1%
16.1%
9.6%
26.4%
33.5%
2.6%
64.1%
Neg.
31.9%
33.1%
2008
55.5%
23.1%
33.7%
21.1%
68.8%
34.6%
7.1%
14.3%
15.3%
9.6%
25.6%
33.5%
2.5%
64.7%
Neg.
32.3%
33.2%
* Recovery of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap.
** Recovery of electrolytes in batteries; probably not recycled.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
A Includes recovery of paper and mixed MSW for composting.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
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Table 3
MATERIALS DISCARDED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)
Materials
Paper and Paperboard
Glass
Metals
Ferrous
Aluminum
Other Nonferrous
Total Metals
Plastics
Rubber and Leather
Textiles
Wood
Other **
Total Materials in Products
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - Weight
Materials
Paper and Paperboard
Glass
Metals
Ferrous
Aluminum
Other Nonferrous
Total Metals
Plastics
Rubber and Leather
Textiles
Wood
Other **
Total Materials in Products
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
24,910
6,620
10,250
340
180
70,770
390
1,510
1,710
3,030
70
49,010
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
82,510
1970
37,540
12,580
12,210
790
350
13,350
2,900
2,720
1,980
3,720
470
75,260
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
113,040
1980
43,420
14,380
12,250
1,420
620
74,290
6,810
4,070
2,370
7,010
2,020
94,370
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
137,120
1990
52,500
10,470
10,410
1,800
370
12,580
16,760
5,420
5,150
12,080
2,510
117,470
20,800
30,800
2,900
54,500
171,970
2000
50,180
9,880
9,430
2,340
540
72,3/0
24,060
5,890
8,120
11,870
3,020
125,330
26,130
14,760
3,500
44,390
169,720
2003
43,550
9,900
9,540
2,550
570
12,660
26,340
5,970
9,110
12,390
3,050
122,970
27,760
13,140
3,620
44,520
167,490
2005
42,880
9,950
9,960
2,640
540
13, 140
27,480
6,260
9,530
12,770
3,030
125,040
29,530
12,210
3,690
45,430
170,470
2007
38,050
9,640
10,360
2,630
540
13,530
28,640
6,400
10,020
14,530
3,270
124,080
30,840
11,730
3,750
46,320
170,400
2008
34,480
9,340
10,390
2,690
550
13,630
27,930
6,350
10,480
14,810
3,350
120,370
30,990
1 1 ,600
3,780
46,370
166,740
Percent of Total Discards
1960
30.2%
8.0%
12.4%
0.4%
0.2%
13.1%
0.5%
1.8%
2.1%
3.7%
0.1%
59.4%
14.8%
24.2%
1.6%
40.6%
100.0%
1970
33.2%
11.1%
10.8%
0.7%
0.3%
11.8%
2.6%
2.4%
1.8%
3.3%
0.4%
66.6%
11.3%
20.5%
1.6%
33.4%
100.0%
1980
31.7%
10.5%
8.9%
1.0%
0.5%
10.4%
5.0%
3.0%
1.7%
5.1%
1.5%
68.8%
9.5%
20.1%
1.6%
31.2%
100.0%
1990
30.5%
6.1%
6.1%
1.0%
0.2%
7.3%
9.7%
3.2%
3.0%
7.0%
1.5%
68.3%
12.1%
17.9%
1.7%
31.7%
100.0%
2000
29.6%
5.8%
5.6%
1.4%
0.3%
7.3%
14.2%
3.5%
4.8%
7.0%
1.8%
73.8%
15.4%
8.7%
2.1%
26.2%
100.0%
2003
26.0%
5.9%
5.7%
1.5%
0.3%
7.6%
15.7%
3.6%
5.4%
7.4%
1.8%
73.4%
16.6%
7.8%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
2005
25.2%
5.8%
5.8%
1.5%
0.3%
7.7%
16.1%
3.7%
5.6%
7.5%
1.8%
73.4%
17.3%
7.2%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
2007
22.3%
5.7%
6.1%
1 .5%
0.3%
7.9%
16.8%
3.8%
5.9%
8.5%
1 .9%
72.8%
18.1%
6.9%
2.2%
27.2%
100.0%
2008
20.7%
5.6%
6.2%
1 .6%
0.3%
8.2%
16.8%
3.8%
6.3%
8.9%
2.0%
72.2%
18.6%
7.0%
2.3%
27.8%
100.0%
Discards after materials and compost recovery. In this table, discards include combustion with energy recovery.
Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes, or certain other wastes.
Includes electrolytes in batteries and fluff pulp, feces, and urine in disposable diapers.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
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Table 4
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS EM MSW, 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Product Category
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers
Newsprint
Groundwood Inserts
Total Newspapers
Books
Magazines
Office-type Papers*
Telephone Directories
Standard Mail**
Other Commercial Printing
Tissue Paper and Towels
Paper Plates and Cups
Other Nonpackaging Paper***
Total Paper and Paperboard
Nondurable Goods
Containers and Packaging
Corrugated Boxes
Milk Cartons
Folding Cartons
Other Paperboard Packaging
Bags and Sacks
Other Paper Packaging
Total Paper and Paperboard
Containers and Packaging
Total Paper and Paperboard*
* High-grade papers such as copy paper
** Forme.rlv called Third Class Mail hv the, I
Generation
(Thousand
tons)
6,290
2,510
8,800
1,340
2,050
6,050
840
5,510
5,130
3,460
1,250
4,690
39,120
29,710
490
5,340
120
1,170
1,460
38,290
77,410
and printer paper
} S Postal Service,
Recovery
(Thousand
tons)
5,510
2,220
7,730
400
820
4,290
180
2,240
2,200
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
17,860
22,760
Neg.
1,880
Neg.
440
Neg.
25,080
42,940
(Percent of
generation)
87.6%
88.4%
87.8%
29.9%
40.0%
70.9%
21.4%
40.7%
42.9%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
45.7%
76.6%
Neg.
35.2%
Neg.
37.6%
Neg.
65.5%
55.5%
Discards
(Thousand
tons)
780
290
1,070
940
1,230
1,760
660
3,270
2,930
3,460
1,250
4,690
21,260
6,950
490
3,460
120
730
1,460
13,210
34,470
; both residential and commercial.
***
A
Includes tissue in disposable diapers, paper in games and novelties, cards, etc.
Table 4 does not include 10,000 tons of paper used in durable goods (Table 1).
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 5
GLASS PRODUCTS EM MSW, 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Product Category
Durable Goods*
Containers and Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Food and Other Bottles and Jars
Total Glass Containers
Total Glass
Generation
(Thousand
tons)
2,100
6,350
1,610
2,090
10,050
12,150
Recovery
(Thousand
tons)
Neg.
2,260
240
310
2,810
2,810
(Percent of
generation)
Neg.
35.6%
14.9%
14.8%
28.0%
23.1%
Discards
(Thousand
tons)
2,100
4,090
1,370
1,780
7,240
9,340
Glass as a component of appliances, furniture, consumer electronics, etc.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 6
METAL PRODUCTS EM MSW, 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Product Category
Durable Goods
Ferrous Metals*
Aluminum**
Leadf
Other Nonferrous Metals:}:
Total Metals in Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
Aluminum
Containers and Packaging
Steel
Food and Other Cans
Other Steel Packaging
Total Steel Packaging
Aluminum
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Food and Other Cans
Foil and Closures
Total Aluminum Packaging
Total Metals in
Containers and Packaging
Total Metals
Ferrous
Aluminum
Other nonferrous
Generation
(Thousand
tons)
13,130
1,310
1,220
540
16,200
220
2,310
240
2,550
1,390
70
420
1,880
4,430
20,850
15,680
3,410
1,760
* Ferrous metals (iron and steel) in appliances, furniture, tires,
** Aluminum in appliances, furniture,
t Lead in lead-acid batteries.
Recovery
(Thousand
tons)
3,680
Neg.
1,210
Neg.
4,890
Neg.
1,450
160
1,610
670
10
40
720
2,330
7,220
5,290
720
1,210
(Percent of
generation)
28.0%
Neg.
99.2%
Neg.
30.2%
Neg.
62.8%
66.7%
63.1%
48.2%
14.3%
9.5%
38.3%
52.6%
34.6%
33.7%
21.1%
68.8%
Discards
(Thousand
tons)
9,450
1,310
10
540
11,310
220
860
80
940
720
60
380
1,160
2,100
13,630
10,390
2,690
550
and miscellaneous durables.
and miscellaneous durables.
Other nonferrous metals in appliances and miscellaneous durables.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 7
PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW, 2008
(In thousands of tons, and percent of generation by resin)
Generation Recovery Discards
(Thousand (Thousand (Percent (Thousand
Product Category tons) tons) of Gen.) tons)
Durable Goods
PET 610
HOPE 780
PVC 630
LDPE/LLDPE 910
PP 1,400
PS 900
Other resins 5,290
Total Plastics in Durable Goods 10,520 390 3.7% 10,130
Nondurable Goods
Plastic Plates and Cups
LDPE/LLDPE 20 20
PS 760 Neg. 760
Subtotal Plastic Plates and Cups 780 780
Trash Bags
HOPE 250 250
LDPE/LLDPE 680 680
Subtotal Trash Bags 930 930
All other nondurables*
PET 240 240
HOPE 430 430
PVC 660 660
LDPE/LLDPE 1,430 1,430
PP 810 810
PS 600 600
Other resins 640 640
Subtotal All Other Nondurables 4,810 4,810
Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods, by resin
PET 240 240
HOPE 680 680
PVC 660 660
LDPE/LLDPE 2,130 2,130
PP 810 810
PS 1,360 1,360
Other resins 640 640
Total Plastics in Nondurable Goods 6,520 Neg. Neg. 6,520
Plastic Containers & Packaging
Bottles and Jars**
PET 2,680 730 27.2% 1,950
Natural Bottlesf
HOPE 750 220 29.3% 530
HDPE = High density polyethylene PET = Polyethylene terephthalate PS = Polystyrene
LDPE = Low density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PVC = Polyvinyl chloride
LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene Neg. = negligible, less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent
* All other nondurables include plastics in disposable diapers, clothing, footwear, etc.
** Injection stretch blow molded PET containers as described in the report series titled Report on Postconsumer PET Container
Recycling Activity. National Association for PET Container Resources.
t White translucent homopolymer bottles as described in the report series titled United States National Postconsumer Plastics Bottles
Recycling Report. American Chemistry Council and the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table? (continued)
PLASTICS IN PRODUCTS IN MSW, 2008
(In thousands of tons, and percent of generation by resin)
Generation
Recovery
(Thousand (Thousand
Product Category
Plastic Containers & Packaging, cont.
Other plastic containers
HOPE
PVC
LDPE/LLDPE
PP
PS
Other resins
Subtotal Other Containers
Bags, sacks, & wraps
HOPE
PVC
LDPE/LLDPE
PP
PS
Other resins
Subtotal Bags, Sacks, & Wraps
Other Plastics Packaging^
PET
HOPE
PVC
LDPE/LLDPE
PP
PS
Other resins
Subtotal Other Packaging
Total Plastics in Containers & Packaging, by resin
PET
HOPE
PVC
LDPE/LLDPE
PP
PS
Other resins
Total Plastics in Cont. & Packaging
Total Plastics in MSW, by resin
PET
HOPE
PVC
LDPE/LLDPE
PP
PS
Other resins
Total Plastics in MSW
HDPE = High density polyethylene
LDPE = Low density polyethylene
LLDPE = Linear low density polyethylene
$ Other plastic packaging includes coatings, closures, lids, caps,
loose fill, etc
Some detail of recovery by resin omitted due to lack of data.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
tons)
1,310
40
40
430
70
10
1,900
550
80
2,350
760
0
220
3,960
210
1,280
250
450
790
290
450
3,720
2,890
3,890
370
2,840
1,980
360
680
13,010
3,740
5,350
1,660
5,880
4,190
2,620
6,610
30,050
tons)
260
Neg.
Neg.
20
Neg.
280
60
330
390
NA
30
Neg.
Neg.
50
20
10
110
730
570
330
70
20
10
1,730
730
570
330
70
20
400
2,120
PET = Polyethylene terephthalate
PP = Polypropylene
NA = Not Available
(Percent
of Gen.)
19.8%
4.7%
14.7%
10.9%
14.0%
9.8%
2.3%
6.3%
6.9%
2.2%
3.0%
25.3%
14.7%
11.6%
3.5%
5.6%
1.5%
13.3%
19.5%
10.7%
5.6%
1.7%
0.8%
6.1%
7.1%
PS = Polystyrene
Discards
(Thousand
tons)
1,050
40
40
410
70
10
1,620
490
80
2,020
760
0
220
3,570
210
1,250
250
450
740
270
440
3,610
2,160
3,320
370
2,510
1,910
340
670
11,280
3,010
4,780
1,660
5,550
4,120
2,600
6,210
27,930
PVC = Polyvinyl chloride
clamshells, egg cartons, produce baskets, trays, shapes,
-------
Table 8
RUBBER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS IN MSW, 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation)
Product Category
Durable Goods
Rubber in Tires*
Other Durables**
Total Rubber & Leather
Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
Clothing and Footwear
Other Nondurables
Total Rubber & Leather
Nondurable Goods
Containers and Packaging
Total Rubber & Leather
Generation
(Thousand
tons)
3,000
3,340
6,340
760
280
1,040
30
7,410
Recovery
(Thousand
tons)
1,060
Neg.
1,060
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1,060
(Percent of
generation)
35.3%
Neg.
16.7%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
14.3%
Discards
(Thousand
tons)
1,940
3,340
5,280
760
280
1,040
30
6,350
* Automobile and truck tires. Does not include other materials in tires.
** Includes carpets and rugs and other miscellaneous durables.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 9
CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS GENERATED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 12)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 15)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 18)
Total Product** Wastes
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 12)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 15)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 19)
Total Product** Wastes
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
9,920
17,330
27,370
54,620
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
88,120
1970
14,660
25,060
43,560
83,280
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
121,060
1980
21,800
34,420
52,670
108,890
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
151,640
1990
29,810
52,170
64,530
146,510
20,800
35,000
2,900
58,700
205,210
2000
38,850
64,010
75,350
178,210
26,810
30,530
3,500
60,840
239,050
2003
41,980
62,280
74,370
178,630
28,510
31,470
3,620
63,600
242,230
2005
44,400
63,650
75,620
183,670
30,220
32,070
3,690
65,980
249,650
2007
45,550
61,760
79,250
186,560
31,650
32,630
3,750
68,030
254,590
2008
45,670
58,710
76,760
181,140
31,790
32,900
3,780
68,470
249,610
Percent of Total Generation
1960
11.3%
19.7%
31.1%
62.0%
13.8%
22.7%
1.5%
38.0%
100.0%
1970
12.1%
20.7%
36.0%
68.8%
10.6%
19.2%
1.5%
31.2%
100.0%
1980
14.4%
22.7%
34.7%
71.8%
8.6%
18.1%
1.5%
28.2%
100.0%
1990 2000
14.5%
25.4%
31.4%
71.4%
10.1%
17.1%
1.4%
28.6%
100.0%
16.3%
26.8%
31.5%
74.5%
11.2%
12.8%
1.5%
25.5%
100.0%
2003
17.3%
25.7%
30.7%
73.7%
11.8%
13.0%
1.5%
26.3%
100.0%
2005
17.8%
25.5%
30.3%
73.6%
12.1%
12.8%
1.5%
26.4%
100.0%
2007
17.9%
24.3%
31.1%
73.3%
12.4%
12.8%
1.5%
26.7%
100.0%
2008
18.3%
23.5%
30.8%
72.6%
12.7%
13.2%
1.5%
27.4%
100.0%
Generation before materials recovery or combustion. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial
process wastes, or certain other wastes.
Other than food products.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 10
RECOVERY* OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, 1960 TO 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each category)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 13)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 16)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 20)
Total Product** Wastes
Other Wastes
Food, OtherA
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 13)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 16)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 21)
Total Product** Wastes
Other Wastes
Food, OtherA
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
350
2,390
2,870
5,610
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
5,610
1970
940
3,730
3,350
8,020
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
8,020
1980
1,360
4,670
8,490
14,520
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
14,520
1990
3,460
8,800
16,780
29,040
Neg.
4,200
Neg.
4,200
33,240
2000
6,580
17,560
28,740
52,880
680
15,770
Neg.
16,450
69,330
2003
7,440
18,920
29,300
55,660
750
18,330
Neg.
19,080
74,740
2005
7,880
19,770
30,980
58,630
690
19,860
Neg.
20,550
79,180
2007
8,090
20,970
33,420
62,480
810
20,900
Neg.
21,710
84,190
2008
7,930
19,310
33,530
60,770
800
21,300
Neg.
22,100
82,870
Percent of Generation of Each Category
1960
3.5%
13.8%
10.5%
10.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.4%
1970
6.4%
14.9%
7.7%
9.6%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.6%
1980
6.2%
13.6%
16.1%
13.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
9.6%
1990
1 1 .6%
16.9%
26.0%
19.8%
Neg.
12.0%
Neg.
7.2%
16.2%
2000
16.9%
27.4%
38.1%
29.7%
2.5%
51 .7%
Neg.
27.0%
29.0%
2003
17.7%
30.4%
39.4%
31 .2%
2.6%
58.2%
Neg.
30.0%
30.9%
2005
17.7%
31.1%
41.0%
31.9%
2.3%
61.9%
Neg.
31.1%
31.7%
2007
17.8%
34.0%
42.2%
33.5%
2.6%
64.1%
Neg.
31.9%
33.1%
2008
17.4%
32.9%
43.7%
33.5%
2.5%
64.7%
Neg.
32.3%
33.2%
* Recovery of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap.
** Other than food products.
A Includes recovery of paper and mixed MSW for composting.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 11
CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS DISCARDED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 17)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 22)
Total Product** Wastes
Other Wastes
Food Wastes
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 17)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 23)
Total Product** Wastes
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
9,570
14,940
24,500
49,010
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
82,510
1970
13,720
21,330
40,210
75,260
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
113,040
1980
20,440
29,750
44,180
94,370
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
137,120
1990
26,350
43,370
47,750
117,470
20,800
30,800
2,900
54,500
171,970
2000
32,270
46,450
46,610
125,330
26,130
14,760
3,500
44,390
169,720
2003
34,540
43,360
45,070
122,970
27,760
13,140
3,620
44,520
167,490
2005
36,520
43,880
44,640
125,040
29,530
12,210
3,690
45,430
170,470
2007
37,460
40,790
45,830
124,080
30,840
11,730
3,750
46,320
170,400
2008
37,740
39,400
43,230
120,370
30,990
11,600
3,780
46,370
166,740
Percent of Total Discards
1960
11.6%
18.1%
29.7%
59.4%
14.8%
24.2%
1.6%
40.6%
100.0%
1970
12.1%
18.9%
35.6%
66.6%
11.3%
20.5%
1.6%
33.4%
100.0%
1980
14.9%
21.7%
32.2%
68.8%
9.5%
20.1%
1.6%
31.2%
100.0%
1990
15.3%
25.2%
27.8%
68.3%
12.1%
17.9%
1.7%
31.7%
100.0%
2000
19.0%
27.4%
27.5%
73.8%
15.4%
8.7%
2.1%
26.2%
100.0%
2003
20.6%
25.9%
26.9%
73.4%
16.6%
7.8%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
2005
21.4%
25.7%
26.2%
73.4%
17.3%
7.2%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
2007
22.0%
23.9%
26.9%
72.8%
18.1%
6.9%
2.2%
27.2%
100.0%
2008
22.6%
23.6%
25.9%
72.2%
18.6%
7.0%
2.3%
27.8%
100.0%
Discards after materials and compost recovery. In this table, discards include combustion with energy recovery.
Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes, or certain other wastes.
Other than food products.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 12
PRODUCTS GENERATED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Products
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
Small Appliances**
Furniture and Furnishings
Carpets and Rugs**
Rubber Tires
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
Total Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 15)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 18)
Total Product Wastes}
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
Small Appliances**
Furniture and Furnishings
Carpets and Rugs**
Rubber Tires
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
Total Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 15)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 19)
Total Product Wastes}
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2003
2005
2007
2008
1,630
2,150
1,120
Neg.
5,020
9,920
17,330
27,370
54,620
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
88,120
2,170
2,830
1,890
820
6,950
14,660
25,060
43,560
83,280
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
121,060
2,950
4,760
2,720
1,490
9,880
21,800
34,420
52,670
108,890
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
151,640
3,310
460
6,790
1,660
3,610
1,510
12,470
29,810
52,170
64,530
146,510
20,800
35,000
2,900
58,700
205,210
3,640
1,040
7,990
2,570
4,930
2,280
1,900
14,500
16,400
38,850
64,010
75,350
178,210
26,810
30,530
3,500
60,840
239,050
3,480
1,040
8,420
2,860
4,760
2,290
2,250
16,880
19,130
41,980
62,280
74,370
178,630
28,510
31,470
3,620
63,600
242,230
3,610
1,180
8,870
2,980
4,960
2,490
2,630
17,680
20,310
44,400
63,650
75,620
183,670
30,220
32,070
3,690
65,980
249,650
3,620
1,390
9,340
3,140
5,000
2,580
3,010
17,470
20,480
45,550
61,760
79,250
186,560
31,650
32,630
3,750
68,030
254,590
3,690
1,530
9,610
3,220
4,690
2,530
3,160
17,240
20,400
45,670
58,710
76,760
181,140
31 ,790
32,900
3,780
68,470
249,610
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2003
2005
2007
2008
1 .8%
2.4%
1 .3%
Neg.
5.7%
1 1 .3%
19.7%
31.1%
62.0%
13.8%
22.7%
1 .5%
38.0%
100.0%
1 .8%
2.3%
1 .6%
0.7%
5.7%
12.1%
20.7%
36.0%
68.8%
10.6%
1 9.2%
1 .5%
31.2%
100.0%
1.9%
3.1%
1.8%
1 .0%
6.5%
14.4%
22.7%
34.7%
71 .8%
8.6%
18.1%
1 .5%
28.2%
100.0%
1 .6%
0.2%
3.3%
0.8%
1 .8%
0.7%
6.1%
1 4.5%
25.4%
31.4%
71.4%
10.1%
17.1%
1 .4%
28.6%
100.0%
1 .5%
0.4%
3.3%
1.1%
2.1%
1 .0%
0.8%
6.1%
6.9%
16.3%
26.8%
31 .5%
74.5%
1 1 .2%
12.8%
1 .5%
25.5%
100.0%
1.4%
0.4%
3.5%
1 .2%
2.0%
0.9%
0.9%
7.0%
7.9%
17.3%
25.7%
30.7%
73.7%
1 1 .8%
13.0%
1 .5%
26.3%
100.0%
1 .4%
0.5%
3.6%
1 .2%
2.0%
1 .0%
1.1%
7.1%
8.1%
1 7.8%
25.5%
30.3%
73.6%
12.1%
1 2.8%
1 .5%
26.4%
100.0%
1 .4%
0.5%
3.7%
1 .2%
2.0%
1 .0%
1 .2%
6.9%
8.0%
17.9%
24.3%
31.1%
73.3%
12.4%
12.8%
1 .5%
26.7%
100.0%
1 .5%
0.6%
3.9%
1 .3%
1 .9%
1 .0%
1 .3%
6.9%
8.2%
1 8.3%
23.5%
30.8%
72.6%
12.7%
1 3.2%
1 .5%
27.4%
100.0%
* Generation before materials recovery or combustion. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process
wastes, or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990. *** Not estimated separately prior to 1999. Preliminary data; may undergo revision.
f Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 13
RECOVERY* OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
Small Appliances**
Furniture and Furnishings
Carpets and Rugs**
Rubber Tires
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
Total Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 16)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 20)
Total Product Wastes}
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
Small Appliances**
Furniture and Furnishings
Carpets and Rugs**
Rubber Tires
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
Total Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 16)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 21)
Total Product Wastes}
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2003
2005
2007
2008
10
Neg.
330
Neg.
10
350
2,390
2,870
5,610
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
5,610
50
Neg.
250
620
20
940
3,730
3,350
8,020
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
8,020
130
Neg.
150
1,040
40
1,360
4,670
8,490
14,520
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
14,520
1,070
10
Neg.
Neg.
440
1,470
470
3,460
8,800
16,780
29,040
Neg.
4,200
Neg.
4,200
33,240
2,000
20
Neg.
190
1,290
2,130
190
760
950
6,580
17,560
28,740
52,880
680
15,770
Neg.
16,450
69,330
2,320
20
Neg.
190
1,700
2,140
320
750
1,070
7,440
18,920
29,300
55,660
750
18,330
Neg.
19,080
74,740
2,420
20
Neg.
250
1,720
2,470
360
640
1,000
7,880
19,770
30,980
58,630
690
19,860
Neg.
20,550
79,180
2,430
20
Neg.
280
1,770
2,560
410
620
1,030
8,090
20,970
33,420
62,480
810
20,900
Neg.
21,710
84,190
2,470
110
10
260
1,660
2,510
430
480
910
7,930
19,310
33,530
60,770
800
21 ,300
Neg.
22,100
82,870
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2003
2005
2007
2008
0.6%
Neg.
29.5%
Neg.
0.2%
3.5%
1 3.8%
10.5%
1 0.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.4%
2.3%
Neg.
13.2%
75.6%
0.3%
6.4%
14.9%
7.7%
9.6%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.6%
4.4%
Neg.
5.5%
69.8%
0.4%
6.2%
1 3.6%
16.1%
13.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
9.6%
32.3%
2.2%
Neg.
Neg.
12.2%
97.4%
3.8%
1 1 .6%
16.9%
26.0%
19.8%
Neg.
12.0%
Neg.
7.2%
16.2%
54.9%
1 .9%
Neg.
7.4%
26.2%
93.4%
1 0.0%
5.2%
5.8%
16.9%
27.4%
38.1%
29.7%
2.5%
51 .7%
Neg.
27.0%
29.0%
66.7%
1 .9%
Neg.
6.6%
35.7%
93.4%
14.2%
4.4%
5.6%
17.7%
30.4%
39.4%
31 .2%
2.6%
58.2%
Neg.
30.0%
30.9%
67.0%
1 .7%
Neg.
8.4%
34.7%
99.2%
1 3.7%
3.6%
4.9%
17.7%
31.1%
41.0%
31.9%
2.3%
61.9%
Neg.
31.1%
31.7%
67.1%
1 .4%
Neg.
8.9%
35.4%
99.2%
13.6%
3.5%
5.0%
17.8%
34.0%
42.2%
33.5%
2.6%
64.1%
Neg.
31 .9%
33.1%
66.9%
7.2%
0.1%
8.1%
35.4%
99.2%
13.6%
2.8%
4.5%
17.4%
32.9%
43.7%
33.5%
2.5%
64.7%
Neg.
32.3%
33.2%
* Recovery of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990. *** Not estimated separately prior to 1999.
f Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 14
PRODUCTS DISCARDED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON DURABLE GOODS)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)
Products
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
Small Appliances**
Furniture and Furnishings
Carpets and Rugs**
Rubber Tires
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
Total Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 17)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 22)
Total Product Wastes}
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
Major Appliances
Small Appliances**
Furniture and Furnishings
Carpets and Rugs**
Rubber Tires
Batteries, Lead-Acid
Miscellaneous Durables
Selected Consumer Electronics***
Other Miscellaneous Durables
Total Miscellaneous Durables
Total Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 17)
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 23)
Total Product Wastes}
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2003
1,620
2,150
790
Neg.
5,010
9,570
14,940
24,500
49,010
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
82,510
2,120
2,830
1,640
200
6,930
13,720
21 ,330
40,210
75,260
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
113,040
2,820
4,760
2,570
450
9,840
20,440
29,750
44,180
94,370
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
137,120
2,240
450
6,790
1,660
3,170
40
12,000
26,350
43,370
47,750
117,470
20,800
30,800
2,900
54,500
171,970
1,640
1,020
7,990
2,380
3,640
150
1,710
13,740
15,450
32,270
46,450
46,610
125,330
26,130
14,760
3,500
44,390
169,720
1,160
1,020
8,420
2,670
3,060
150
1,930
16,130
18,060
34,540
43,360
45,070
122,970
27,760
13,140
3,620
44,520
167,490
2005
2007
2008
1,190
1,160
8,870
2,730
3,240
20
2,270
17,040
19,310
36,520
43,880
44,640
125,040
29,530
12,210
3,690
45,430
170,470
1,190
1,370
9,340
2,860
3,230
20
2,600
16,850
19,450
37,460
40,790
45,830
124,080
30,840
1 1 ,730
3,750
46,320
170,400
1,220
1,420
9,600
2,960
3,030
20
2,730
16,760
19,490
37,740
39,400
43,230
120,370
30,990
1 1 ,600
3,780
46,370
166,740
Percent of Total Discards
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2003
2005
2007
2008
2.0%
2.6%
1 .0%
Neg.
6.1%
1 1 .6%
18.1%
29.7%
59.4%
14.8%
24.2%
1 .6%
40.6%
100.0%
1 .9%
2.5%
1 .5%
0.2%
6.1%
12.1%
18.9%
35.6%
66.6%
1 1 .3%
20.5%
1 .6%
33.4%
100.0%
2.1%
3.5%
1 .9%
0.3%
7.2%
1 4.9%
21.7%
32.2%
68.8%
9.5%
20.1%
1 .6%
31.2%
100.0%
1 .3%
0.3%
3.9%
1 .0%
1 .8%
0.0%
7.0%
15.3%
25.2%
27.8%
68.3%
12.1%
17.9%
1 .7%
31 .7%
100.0%
1 .0%
0.6%
4.7%
1 .4%
2.1%
0.1%
1 .0%
8.1%
9.1%
1 9.0%
27.4%
27.5%
73.8%
15.4%
8.7%
2.1%
26.2%
100.0%
0.7%
0.6%
5.0%
1 .6%
1 .8%
0.1%
1.2%
9.5%
10.8%
20.6%
25.9%
26.9%
73.4%
16.6%
7.8%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
0.7%
0.7%
5.2%
1 .6%
1 .9%
0.0%
1 .3%
1 0.0%
1 1 .3%
21.4%
25.7%
26.2%
73.4%
17.3%
7.2%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
0.7%
0.8%
5.5%
1 .7%
1 .9%
0.0%
1 .5%
9.9%
1 1 .4%
22.0%
23.9%
26.9%
72.8%
18.1%
6.9%
2.2%
27.2%
100.0%
0.7%
0.9%
5.8%
1 .8%
1 .8%
0.0%
1 .6%
10.1%
1 1 .7%
22.6%
23.6%
25.9%
72.2%
18.6%
7.0%
2.3%
27.8%
100.0%
* Discards after materials and compost recovery. In this table, discards include combustion with energy recovery.
Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes, or certain other wastes.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990. *** Not estimated separately prior to 1999. Preliminary data; may undergo revision.
f Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 15
PRODUCTS GENERATED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 12)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers
Books and Magazines
Books**
Magazines**
Office-Type Papers
Directories**
Standard Mail***
Other Commercial Printing
Tissue Paper and Towels
Paper Plates and Cups
Plastic Plates and Cupsf
Trash Bags**
Disposable Diapers
Other Nonpackaging Paper
Clothing and Footwear
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Total Nondurable Goods
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 18)
Total Product Wastes]:
Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 12)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers
Books and Magazines
Books**
Magazines**
Office-Type Papers***
Directories**
Standard Mail§
Other Commercial Printing
Tissue Paper and Towels
Paper Plates and Cups
Plastic Plates and Cupsf
Trash Bags**
Disposable Diapers
Other Nonpackaging Paper
Clothing and Footwear
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Total Nondurables
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 19)
Total Product Wastes]:
Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
9,920
1970
14,660
1980
21 ,800
1990
29,810
2000
38,850
2003
41 ,980
2005
44,400
2007
45,550
2008
45,670
7,110
1,920
1,520
1,260
1,090
270
Neg.
2,700
1,360
100
17,330
27,370
54,620
33,500
88,120
9,510
2,470
2,650
2,130
2,080
420
350
3,630
1,620
200
25,060
43,560
83,280
37,780
1 21 ,060
1 1 ,050
3,390
4,000
3,120
2,300
630
190
1,930
4,230
2,170
1,410
34,420
52,670
108,890
42,750
1 51 ,640
13,430
970
2,830
6,410
610
3,820
4,460
2,960
650
650
780
2,700
3,840
4,010
710
3,340
52,170
64,530
146,510
58,700
205,210
14,790
1,240
2,230
7,420
680
5,570
7,380
3,220
960
870
850
3,230
4,250
6,470
820
4,030
64,010
75,350
178,210
60,840
239,050
13,570
1,030
2,270
7,130
640
5,410
6,060
3,250
970
730
1,020
3,330
4,180
7,370
940
4,380
62,280
74,370
178,630
63,600
242,230
1 2,790
1,100
2,580
6,620
660
5,830
6,440
3,460
1,160
930
1,060
3,410
4,490
7,890
980
4,250
63,650
75,620
183,670
65,980
249,650
10,780
1,270
2,550
6,060
760
5,910
6,200
3,500
1,230
860
1,070
3,730
4,260
8,320
1,100
4,160
61 ,760
79,250
186,560
68,030
254,590
8,800
1,340
2,050
6,050
840
5,510
5,130
3,460
1,250
780
930
3,790
4,630
8,820
1,160
4,170
58,710
76,760
181,140
68,470
249,610
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1 1 .3%
1970
12.1%
1980
14.4%
1990
14.5%
2000
16.3%
8.1%
2.2%
1 .7%
1 .4%
1 .2%
0.3%
Neg.
3.1%
1 .5%
0.1%
19.7%
31.1%
62.0%
38.0%
100.0%
7.9%
2.0%
2.2%
1 .8%
1 .7%
0.3%
0.3%
3.0%
1 .3%
0.2%
20.7%
36.0%
68.8%
31 .2%
100.0%
7.3%
2.2%
2.6%
2.1%
1 .5%
0.4%
0.1%
1 .3%
2.8%
1 .4%
0.9%
22.7%
34.7%
71 .8%
28.2%
100.0%
6.5%
0.5%
1 .4%
3.1%
0.3%
1 .9%
2.2%
1 .4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
1 .3%
1 .9%
2.0%
0.3%
1 .6%
25.4%
31 .4%
71 .4%
28.6%
100.0%
6.2%
0.5%
0.9%
3.1%
0.3%
2.3%
3.1%
1 .3%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
1 .4%
1 .8%
2.7%
0.3%
1 .7%
26.8%
31 .5%
74.5%
25.5%
100.0%
2003
17.3%
2005
17.8%
2007
17.9%
2008
18.3%
5.6%
0.4%
0.9%
2.9%
0.3%
2.2%
2.5%
1 .3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
1 .4%
1 .7%
3.0%
0.4%
1 .8%
25.7%
30.7%
73.7%
26.3%
100.0%
5.1%
0.4%
1 .0%
2.7%
0.3%
2.3%
2.6%
1 .4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
1 .4%
1 .8%
3.2%
0.4%
1 .7%
25.5%
30.3%
73.6%
26.4%
100.0%
4.2%
0.5%
1 .0%
2.4%
0.3%
2.3%
2.4%
1 .4%
0.5%
0.3%
0.4%
1 .5%
1 .7%
3.3%
0.4%
1 .6%
24.3%
31.1%
73.3%
26.7%
100.0%
3.5%
0.5%
0.8%
2.4%
0.3%
2.2%
2.1%
1 .4%
0.5%
0.3%
0.4%
1 .5%
1 .9%
3.5%
0.5%
1 .7%
23.5%
30.8%
72.6%
27.4%
100.0%
* Generation before materials recovery or combustion. Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial
process wastes, or certain other wastes. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** High-grade paper such as printer paper; generated in both commercial and residential sources.
§ Not estimated separately prior to 1990. Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
f Not estimated separately prior to 1980.
j Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 16
RECOVERY* OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)
(In thousands of tons and percent of generation of each product)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 13)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers
Books and Magazines
Books**
Magazines**
Office-Type Papers
Directories**
Standard Mail***
Other Commercial Printing
Tissue Paper and Towels
Paper Plates and Cups
Plastic Plates and Cupsf
Trash Bags**
Disposable Diapers
Other Nonpackaging Paper
Clothing and Footwear
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Total Nondurable Goods
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 20)
Total Product Wastes]:
Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 13)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers
Books and Magazines
Books**
Magazines**
Office-Type Papers***
Directories**
Standard Mail§
Other Commercial Printing
Tissue Paper and Towels
Paper Plates and Cups
Plastic Plates and Cupsf
Trash Bags**
Disposable Diapers
Other Nonpackaging Paper
Clothing and Footwear
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Total Nondurables
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 21)
Total Product Wastes]:
Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
350
1970
940
1980
1,360
1990
3,460
2000
6,580
2003
7,440
2005
7,880
2007
8,090
2008
7,930
1,820
100
250
130
Neg.
Neg.
40
50
Neg.
2,390
2,870
5,610
Neg.
5,610
2,250
260
710
340
Neg.
Neg.
110
60
Neg.
3,730
3,350
8,020
Neg.
8,020
3,020
280
870
350
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
150
Neg.
4,670
8,490
14,520
Neg.
14,520
5,110
100
300
1,700
50
200
700
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
520
120
Neg.
8,800
16,780
29,040
4,200
33,240
8,720
240
710
4,090
120
1,830
810
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
900
140
Neg.
17,560
28,740
52,880
16,450
69,330
10,380
190
750
3,990
100
1,750
560
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1,040
160
Neg.
18,920
29,300
55,660
19,080
74,740
9,360
270
960
4,110
120
2,090
1,440
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1,250
170
Neg.
19,770
30,980
58,630
20,550
79,180
8,550
360
1,010
4,300
140
2,380
2,790
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1,250
190
Neg.
20,970
33,420
62,480
21,710
84,190
7,740
390
820
4,290
180
2,240
2,200
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1,250
200
Neg.
19,310
33,530
60,770
22,100
82,870
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
3.5%
1970
6.4%
1980
6.2%
1990
1 1 .6%
2000
16.9%
2003
17.7%
2005
17.7%
2007
17.8%
2007
17.4%
25.6%
5.2%
16.4%
10.3%
Neg.
Neg.
1 .5%
Neg.
Neg.
13.8%
10.5%
10.3%
Neg.
6.4%
23.7%
10.5%
26.8%
16.0%
Neg.
Neg.
3.0%
Neg.
Neg.
14.9%
7.7%
9.6%
Neg.
6.6%
27.3%
8.3%
21 .8%
1 1 .2%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
13.6%
16.1%
13.3%
Neg.
9.6%
38.0%
10.3%
10.6%
26.5%
8.2%
5.2%
1 5.7%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
13.0%
16.9%
Neg.
16.9%
26.0%
19.8%
7.2%
16.2%
59.0%
19.4%
31 .8%
55.1%
17.6%
32.9%
1 1 .0%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
13.9%
17.1%
Neg.
27.4%
38.1%
29.7%
27.0%
29.0%
76.5%
18.4%
33.0%
56.0%
1 5.6%
32.3%
9.2%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
14.1%
17.0%
Neg.
30.4%
39.4%
31 .2%
30.0%
30.9%
73.2%
24.5%
37.2%
62.1%
18.2%
35.8%
22.4%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1 5.8%
17.3%
Neg.
31.1%
41 .0%
31 .9%
31.1%
31 .7%
79.3%
28.3%
39.6%
71 .0%
18.4%
40.3%
45.0%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
1 5.0%
17.3%
Neg.
34.0%
42.2%
33.5%
31 .9%
33.1%
88.0%
29.1%
40.0%
70.9%
21 .4%
40.7%
42.9%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
14.2%
17.2%
Neg.
32.9%
43.7%
33.5%
32.3%
33.2%
* Recovery of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** High-grade paper such as printer paper; generated in both commercial and residential sources.
§ Not estimated separately prior to 1990. Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
f Not estimated separately prior to 1980.
j Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 17
PRODUCTS DISCARDED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON NONDURABLE GOODS)
(In thousands of tons and percent of total discards)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers
Books and Magazines
Books**
Magazines**
Office-Type Papers
Directories**
Standard Mail***
Other Commercial Printing
Tissue Paper and Towels
Paper Plates and Cups
Plastic Plates and Cupsf
Trash Bags**
Disposable Diapers
Other Nonpackaging Paper
Clothing and Footwear
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Total Nondurable Goods
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 22)
Total Product Wastes]:
Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - Weight
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
Newspapers
Books and Magazines
Books**
Magazines**
Office-Type Papers***
Directories**
Standard Mail§
Other Commercial Printing
Tissue Paper and Towels
Paper Plates and Cups
Plastic Plates and Cupsf
Trash Bags**
Disposable Diapers
Other Nonpackaging Paper
Clothing and Footwear
Towels, Sheets and Pillowcases**
Other Miscellaneous Nondurables
Total Nondurables
Containers and Packaging
(Detail in Table 23)
Total Product Wastes]:
Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - %
Thousands of Tons
1960
9,570
1970
13,720
1980
20,440
1990
26,350
2000
32,270
2003
34,540
2005
36,520
2007
37,460
2008
37,740
5,290
1,820
1,270
1,130
1,090
270
Neg.
2,660
1,310
100
14,940
24,500
49,010
33,500
82,510
7,260
2,210
1,940
1,790
2,080
420
350
3,520
1,560
200
21,330
40,210
75,260
37,780
113,040
8,030
3,110
3,130
2,770
2,300
630
190
1,930
4,230
2,020
1,410
29,750
44,180
94,370
42,750
137,120
8,320
870
2,530
4,710
560
3,620
3,760
2,960
650
650
780
2,700
3,840
3,490
590
3,340
43,370
47,750
117,470
54,500
171,970
6,070
1,000
1,520
3,330
560
3,740
6,570
3,220
960
870
850
3,230
4,250
5,570
680
4,030
46,450
46,610
125,330
44,390
169,720
3,190
840
1,520
3,140
540
3,660
5,500
3,250
970
730
1,020
3,330
4,180
6,330
780
4,380
43,360
45,070
1 22,970
44,520
167,490
3,430
830
1,620
2,510
540
3,740
5,000
3,460
1,160
930
1,060
3,410
4,490
6,640
810
4,250
43,880
44,640
1 25,040
45,430
170,470
2,230
910
1,540
1,760
620
3,530
3,410
3,500
1,230
860
1,070
3,730
4,260
7,070
910
4,160
40,790
45,830
1 24,080
46,320
170,400
1,060
950
1,230
1,760
660
3,270
2,930
3,460
1,250
780
930
3,790
4,630
7,570
960
4,170
39,400
43,230
1 20,370
46,370
166,740
Percent of Total Discards
1960
1 1 .6%
1970
12.1%
1980
14.9%
1990
1 5.3%
2000
19.0%
2003
20.6%
2005
21 .4%
2007
22.0%
2007
22.6%
6.4%
2.2%
1 .5%
1 .4%
1 .3%
0.3%
Neg.
3.2%
1 .6%
0.1%
18.1%
29.7%
59.4%
40.6%
100.0%
6.4%
2.0%
1 .7%
1 .6%
1 .8%
0.4%
0.3%
3.1%
1 .4%
0.2%
18.9%
35.6%
66.6%
33.4%
100.0%
5.9%
2.3%
2.3%
2.0%
1 .7%
0.5%
0.1%
1 .4%
3.1%
1 .5%
1 .7%
21 .7%
32.2%
68.8%
31 .2%
100.0%
4.8%
0.5%
1 .5%
2.7%
0.3%
2.1%
2.2%
1 .7%
0.4%
0.4%
0.5%
1 .6%
2.2%
2.0%
0.3%
1 .9%
25.2%
27.8%
68.3%
31 .7%
100.0%
3.6%
0.6%
0.9%
2.0%
0.3%
2.2%
3.9%
1 .9%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
1 .9%
2.5%
3.3%
0.4%
2.4%
27.4%
27.5%
73.8%
26.2%
100.0%
1 .9%
0.5%
0.9%
1 .9%
0.3%
2.2%
3.3%
1 .9%
0.6%
0.4%
0.6%
2.0%
2.5%
3.8%
0.5%
2.6%
25.9%
26.9%
73.4%
26.6%
100.0%
2.0%
0.5%
1 .0%
1 .5%
0.3%
2.2%
2.9%
2.0%
0.7%
0.5%
0.6%
2.0%
2.6%
3.9%
0.5%
2.5%
25.7%
26.2%
73.4%
26.6%
100.0%
1 .3%
0.5%
0.9%
1 .0%
0.4%
2.1%
2.0%
2.1%
0.7%
0.5%
0.6%
2.2%
2.5%
4.1%
0.5%
2.4%
23.9%
26.9%
72.8%
27.2%
100.0%
0.6%
0.6%
0.7%
1.1%
0.4%
2.0%
1 .8%
2.1%
0.7%
0.5%
0.6%
2.3%
2.8%
4.5%
0.6%
2.5%
23.6%
25.9%
72.2%
27.8%
100.0%
* Discards after materials and compost recovery. In this table, discards include combustion with energy recovery.
Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes, or certain other wastes.
** Not estimated separately prior to 1990.
*** High-grade paper such as printer paper; generated in both commercial and residential sources.
§ Not estimated separately prior to 1990. Formerly called Third Class Mail and Standard (A) Mail by the U.S. Postal Service.
f Not estimated separately prior to 1980.
j Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 18
PRODUCTS GENERATED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 12)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 15)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Food and Other Bottles & Jars
Total Glass Packaging
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Food and Other Cans
Other Steel Packaging
Total Steel Packaging
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Other Cans
Foil and Closures
Total Aluminum Packaging
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
Milk Cartons
Folding Cartons
Other Paperboard Packaging
Bags and Sacks
Wrapping Papers
Other Paper Packaging
Total Paper & Board Pkg
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
HOPE Natural Bottles
Other Containers
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks, and Wraps
Other Plastics Packaging
Total Plastics Packaging
Wood Packaging
Other Misc. Packaging
Total Containers & Pkg
Total Product Wastesf
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - Weight
Thousands of Tons
1960
9,920
17,330
1970
14,660
25,060
1980
21,800
34,420
1990
29,810
52,170
2000
38,850
64,010
2003
41,980
62,280
2005
44,400
63,650
2007
45,550
61,760
2008
45,670
58,710
1,400
1,080
3,710
6,190
640
3,760
260
4,660
Neg.
Neg.
170
170
7,330
3,840
2,940
14,110
60
60
120
2,000
120
27,370
54,620
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
88,120
5,580
1,900
4,440
1 1 ,920
1,570
3,540
270
5,380
100
60
410
570
12,760
4,830
3,810
21,400
910
1,180
2,090
2,070
130
43,560
83,280
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
121,060
6,740
2,450
4,780
13,970
520
2,850
240
3,610
850
40
380
1,270
17,080
790
3,820
230
3,380
200
850
26,350
260
230
890
390
840
1,230
790
3,400
3,940
130
52,670
108,890
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
151,640
5,640
2,030
4,160
1 1 ,830
150
2,540
200
2,890
1,550
20
330
1,900
24,010
510
4,300
290
2,440
110
1,020
32,680
430
530
1,430
940
1,530
2,470
2,040
6,900
8,180
150
64,530
146,510
20,800
35,000
2,900
58,700
205,210
5,710
1,910
3,420
1 1 ,040
Neg.
2,630
240
2,870
1,520
50
380
1,950
30,210
550
5,820
200
1,490
Neg.
1,670
39,940
1,720
690
1,740
1,650
2,550
4,200
2,840
11,190
8,120
240
75,350
178,210
26,810
30,530
3,500
60,840
239,050
6,840
1,580
2,150
10,570
Neg.
2,600
240
2,840
1,480
50
380
1,910
29,710
450
5,560
180
1,240
Neg.
1,440
38,580
2,150
720
1,700
1,630
2,750
4,380
2,940
1 1 ,890
8,330
250
74,370
178,630
28,510
31,470
3,620
63,600
242,230
6,540
1,630
2,290
10,460
Neg.
2,130
240
2,370
1,450
80
400
1,930
30,930
500
5,530
160
1,120
Neg.
1,400
39,640
2,540
800
1,420
1,640
2,810
4,450
3,210
12,420
8,520
280
75,620
183,670
30,220
32,070
3,690
65,980
249,650
6,760
1,620
2,030
10,410
Neg.
2,430
240
2,670
1,420
30
430
1,880
31,230
500
5,530
150
1,140
Neg.
1,390
39,940
2,840
820
1,910
1,010
3,180
4,190
3,870
13,630
10,400
320
79,250
186,560
31,650
32,630
3,750
68,030
254,590
6,350
1,610
2,090
10,050
Neg.
2,310
240
2,550
1,390
70
420
1,880
29,710
490
5,340
120
1,170
Neg.
1,460
38,290
2,680
750
1,900
940
3,020
3,960
3,720
13,010
10,670
310
76,760
181,140
31,790
32,900
3,780
68,470
249,610
* Generation before materials recovery or combustion.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 19
PRODUCTS GENERATED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)
(In percent of total generation)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 12)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 15)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Food and Other Bottles & Jars
Total Glass Packaging
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Food and Other Cans
Other Steel Packaging
Total Steel Packaging
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Other Cans
Foil and Closures
Total Aluminum Packaging
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
Milk Cartons
Folding Cartons
Other Paperboard Packaging
Bags and Sacks
Wrapping Papers
Other Paper Packaging
Total Paper & Board Pkg
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
HOPE Natural Bottles
Other Containers
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks, and Wraps
Other Plastics Packaging
Total Plastics Packaging
Wood Packaging
Other Misc. Packaging
Total Containers & Pkg
Total Product Wastesf
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Generated - %
Percent of Total Generation
1960
1 1 .3%
19.7%
1970
12.1%
20.7%
1980
14.4%
22.7%
1990
14.5%
25.4%
2000
16.3%
26.8%
2003
17.3%
25.7%
2005
17.8%
25.5%
2007
17.9%
24.3%
2008
18.3%
23.5%
1 .6%
1 .2%
4.2%
7.0%
0.7%
4.3%
0.3%
5.3%
Neg.
Neg.
0.2%
0.2%
8.3%
4.4%
3.3%
16.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
2.3%
0.1%
31.1%
62.0%
13.8%
22.7%
1 .5%
38.0%
100.0%
4.6%
1 .6%
3.7%
9.8%
1 .3%
2.9%
0.2%
4.4%
0.1%
Neg.
0.3%
0.5%
10.5%
4.0%
3.1%
17.7%
0.8%
1 .0%
1 .7%
1 .7%
0.1%
36.0%
68.8%
10.6%
19.2%
1 .5%
31 .2%
100.0%
4.4%
1 .6%
3.2%
9.2%
0.3%
1 .9%
0.2%
2.4%
0.6%
Neg.
0.3%
0.8%
1 1 .3%
0.5%
2.5%
0.2%
2.2%
0.1%
0.6%
17.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.6%
0.3%
0.6%
0.8%
0.5%
2.2%
2.6%
0.1%
34.7%
71 .8%
8.6%
18.1%
1 .5%
28.2%
100.0%
2.7%
1 .0%
2.0%
5.8%
0.1%
1 .2%
0.1%
1 .4%
0.8%
Neg.
0.2%
0.9%
1 1 .7%
0.2%
2.1%
0.1%
1 .2%
0.1%
0.5%
15.9%
0.2%
0.3%
0.7%
0.5%
0.7%
1 .2%
1 .0%
3.4%
4.0%
0.1%
31 .4%
71 .4%
10.1%
17.1%
1 .4%
28.6%
100.0%
2.4%
0.8%
1 .4%
4.6%
Neg.
1.1%
0.1%
1 .2%
0.6%
Neg.
0.2%
0.8%
12.6%
0.2%
2.4%
0.1%
0.6%
Neg.
0.7%
16.7%
0.7%
0.3%
0.7%
0.7%
1.1%
1 .8%
1 .2%
4.7%
3.4%
0.1%
31 .5%
74.5%
1 1 .2%
12.8%
1 .5%
25.5%
100.0%
2.8%
0.7%
0.9%
4.4%
Neg.
1.1%
0.1%
1 .2%
0.6%
Neg.
0.2%
0.8%
12.3%
0.2%
2.3%
0.1%
0.5%
Neg.
0.6%
15.9%
0.9%
0.3%
0.7%
0.7%
1.1%
1 .8%
1 .2%
4.9%
3.4%
0.1%
30.7%
73.7%
1 1 .8%
13.0%
1 .5%
26.3%
100.0%
2.6%
0.7%
0.9%
4.2%
Neg.
0.9%
0.1%
0.9%
0.6%
Neg.
0.2%
0.8%
12.4%
0.2%
2.2%
0.1%
0.4%
Neg.
0.6%
15.9%
1 .0%
0.3%
0.6%
0.7%
1.1%
1 .8%
1 .3%
5.0%
3.4%
0.1%
30.3%
73.6%
12.1%
12.8%
1 .5%
26.4%
100.0%
2.7%
0.6%
0.8%
4.1%
Neg.
1 .0%
0.1%
1 .0%
0.6%
0.01%
0.2%
0.7%
12.3%
0.2%
2.2%
0.1%
0.4%
Neg.
0.5%
15.7%
1.1%
0.3%
0.8%
0.4%
1 .2%
1 .6%
1 .5%
5.4%
4.1%
0.1%
31.1%
73.3%
12.4%
12.8%
1 .5%
26.7%
100.0%
2.5%
0.6%
0.8%
4.0%
Neg.
0.9%
0.1%
1 .0%
0.6%
0.03%
0.2%
0.8%
1 1 .9%
0.2%
2.1%
0.0%
0.5%
Neg.
0.6%
15.3%
1.1%
0.3%
0.8%
0.4%
1 .2%
1 .6%
1 .5%
5.2%
4.3%
0.1%
30.8%
72.6%
12.7%
13.2%
1 .5%
27.4%
100.0%
* Generation before materials recovery or combustion.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 20
RECOVERY* OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 13)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 16)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Food and Other Bottles & Jars
Total Glass Packaging
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Food and Other Cans
Other Steel Packaging
Total Steel Packaging
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Other Cans
Foil and Closures
Total Aluminum Pkg
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
Milk Cartons
Folding Cartons
Other Paperboard Packaging
Bags and Sacks
Wrapping Papers
Other Paper Packaging
Total Paper & Board Pkg
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
HOPE Natural Bottles
Other Containers
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks, and Wraps
Other Plastics Packaging
Total Plastics Packaging
Wood Packaging
Other Misc. Packaging
Total Containers & Pkg
Total Product Wastesf
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - Weight
Thousands of Tons
1960
350
2,390
1970
940
3,730
1980
1,360
4,670
1990
3,460
8,800
2000
6,580
17,560
2003
7,440
18,920
2005
7,880
19,770
2007
8,090
20,970
2008
7,930
19,310
90
10
Neg.
100
10
20
Neg.
30
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
2,520
220
2,740
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
2,870
5,610
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
5,610
140
10
Neg.
150
20
60
Neg.
80
10
Neg.
Neg.
10
2,760
350
3,110
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
3,350
8,020
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
8,020
730
20
Neg.
750
50
150
Neg.
200
320
Neg.
Neg.
320
6,390
Neg.
520
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
300
7,210
10
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
10
Neg.
Neg.
8,490
14,520
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
14,520
1,890
210
520
2,620
40
590
60
690
990
Neg.
20
1,010
1 1 ,530
Neg.
340
Neg.
200
Neg.
Neg.
12,070
140
20
20
60
20
260
130
Neg.
16,780
29,040
Neg.
4,200
Neg.
4,200
33,240
1,530
430
920
2,880
Neg.
1,530
160
1,690
830
Neg.
30
860
20,330
Neg.
410
Neg.
300
Neg.
Neg.
21,040
380
210
170
180
90
1,030
1,240
Neg.
28,740
52,880
680
15,770
Neg.
16,450
69,330
2,090
240
320
2,650
Neg.
1,560
160
1,720
650
Neg.
40
690
21,180
Neg.
450
Neg.
260
Neg.
Neg.
21,890
420
230
150
180
90
1,070
1,280
Neg.
29,300
55,660
750
18,330
Neg.
19,080
74,740
2,000
250
340
2,590
Neg.
1,340
160
1,500
650
Neg.
40
690
22,100
Neg.
1,190
Neg.
320
Neg.
Neg.
23,610
590
230
140
230
90
1,280
1,310
Neg.
30,980
58,630
690
19,860
Neg.
20,550
79,180
2,340
240
300
2,880
Neg.
1,570
160
1,730
690
Neg.
40
730
22,980
Neg.
1,550
Neg.
420
Neg.
Neg.
24,950
700
230
190
380
90
1,590
1,540
Neg.
33,420
62,480
810
20,900
Neg.
21,710
84,190
2,260
240
310
2,810
Neg.
1,450
160
1,610
670
10
40
720
22,760
Neg.
1,880
Neg.
440
Neg.
Neg.
25,080
730
220
280
390
110
1,730
1,580
Neg.
33,530
60,770
800
21,300
Neg.
22,100
82,870
* Recovery of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap.
f Other than food products.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 21
RECOVERY* OF PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)
(In percent of generation of each product)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 13)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 16)
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Food and Other Bottles & Jars
Total Glass Packaging
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Food and Other Cans
Other Steel Packaging
Total Steel Packaging
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Other Cans
Foil and Closures
Total Aluminum Pkg
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
Milk Cartons
Folding Cartons
Other Paperboard Packaging
Bags and Sacks
Wrapping Papers
Other Paper Packaging
Total Paper & Board Pkg
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
HOPE Natural Bottles
Other Containers
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks, and Wraps
Other Plastics Packaging
Total Plastics Packaging
Wood Packaging
Other Misc. Packaging
Total Containers & Pkg
Total Product Wastesf
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Recovered - %
Percent of Generation of Each Product
1960
3.5%
13.8%
1970
6.4%
14.9%
1980
6.2%
13.6%
1990
1 1 .6%
16.9%
2000
16.9%
27.4%
2003
17.7%
30.4%
2005
17.7%
31.1%
2007
17.8%
34.0%
2008
17.4%
32.9%
6.4%
Neg.
Neg.
1 .6%
1 .6%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
34.4%
7.5%
19.4%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
10.5%
10.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.4%
2.5%
Neg.
Neg.
1 .3%
1 .3%
1 .7%
Neg.
1 .5%
10.0%
Neg.
Neg.
1 .8%
21.6%
9.2%
14.5%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
7.7%
9.6%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
6.6%
10.8%
Neg.
Neg.
5.4%
9.6%
5.3%
Neg.
5.5%
37.6%
Neg.
Neg.
25.2%
37.4%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
35.3%
27.4%
3.8%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
16.1%
13.3%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
9.6%
33.5%
10.3%
12.5%
22.1%
26.7%
23.2%
30.0%
23.9%
63.9%
Neg.
6.1%
53.2%
48.0%
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
Neg.
36.9%
32.6%
3.8%
1 .4%
2.4%
1 .0%
3.8%
1 .6%
Neg.
26.0%
19.8%
Neg.
12.0%
Neg.
7.2%
16.2%
26.8%
22.5%
26.9%
26.1%
Neg.
58.2%
66.7%
58.9%
54.6%
Neg.
7.9%
44.1%
67.3%
Neg.
7.0%
Neg.
20.1%
Neg.
Neg.
52.7%
22.1%
30.4%
9.8%
4.3%
3.2%
9.2%
15.3%
Neg.
38.1%
29.7%
2.5%
51 .7%
Neg.
27.0%
29.0%
30.6%
15.2%
14.9%
25.1%
Neg.
60.0%
66.7%
60.6%
43.9%
Neg.
10.5%
36.1%
71.3%
Neg.
8.1%
Neg.
21.0%
Neg.
56.7%
19.5%
31.9%
8.8%
4.1%
3.1%
9.0%
15.4%
Neg.
39.4%
31.2%
2.6%
58.2%
Neg.
30.0%
30.9%
30.6%
15.3%
14.8%
24.8%
Neg.
62.9%
66.7%
63.3%
44.8%
Neg.
10.0%
35.8%
71.5%
Neg.
21.5%
Neg.
28.6%
Neg.
Neg.
59.6%
23.2%
28.8%
9.9%
5.2%
2.8%
10.3%
15.4%
Neg.
41.0%
31.9%
2.3%
61 .9%
Neg.
31.1%
31 .7%
34.6%
14.8%
14.8%
27.7%
Neg.
64.6%
66.7%
64.8%
48.6%
Neg.
9.3%
38.8%
73.6%
Neg.
28.0%
Neg.
36.8%
Neg.
Neg.
62.5%
24.6%
28.0%
9.9%
9.1%
2.3%
1 1 .7%
14.8%
Neg.
42.2%
33.5%
2.6%
64.1%
Neg.
31 .9%
33.1%
35.6%
14.9%
14.8%
28.0%
Neg.
62.8%
66.7%
63.1%
48.2%
14.3%
9.5%
38.3%
76.6%
Neg.
35.2%
Neg.
37.6%
Neg.
Neg.
65.5%
27.2%
29.3%
14.7%
9.8%
3.0%
13.3%
14.8%
Neg.
43.7%
33.5%
2.5%
64.7%
Neg.
32.3%
33.2%
* Recovery of postconsumer wastes; does not include converting/fabrication scrap.
f Other than food products.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 22
PRODUCTS DISCARDED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)
(In thousands of tons)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 17)
Thousands of Tons
1960
9,570
14,940
1970
13,720
21,330
1980
20,440
29,750
1990
26,350
43,370
2000
32,270
46,450
2003
34,540
43,360
2005
36,520
43,880
2007
37,460
40,790
2008
37,740
39,400
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Food and Other Bottles & Jars
Total Glass Packaging
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Food and Other Cans
Other Steel Packaging
Total Steel Packaging
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Other Cans
Foil and Closures
Total Aluminum Pkg
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
Milk Cartons
Folding Cartons
Other Paperboard Packaging
Bags and Sacks
Wrapping Papers
Other Paper Packaging
Total Paper & Board Pkg
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
HOPE Natural Bottles
Other Containers
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks, and Wraps
Other Plastics Packaging
Total Plastics Packaging
Wood Packaging
Other Misc. Packaging
Total Containers & Pkg
Total Product Wastesf
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MSW Discarded - Weight
1,310
1,070
3,710
6,090
630
3,740
260
4,630
Neg.
Neg.
170
170
4,810
3,840
2,720
11,370
60
60
120
2,000
120
24,500
49,010
12,200
20,000
1,300
33,500
82,510
5,440
1,890
4,440
11,770
1,550
3,480
270
5,300
90
60
410
560
10,000
4,830
3,460
18,290
910
1,180
2,090
2,070
130
40,210
75,260
12,800
23,200
1,780
37,780
113,040
6,010
2,430
4,780
13,220
470
2,700
240
3,410
530
40
380
950
10,690
790
3,300
230
3,380
200
550
19,140
250
230
890
1,230
790
3,390
3,940
130
44,180
94,370
13,000
27,500
2,250
42,750
137,120
3,750
1,820
3,640
9,210
110
1,950
140
2,200
560
20
310
890
12,480
510
3,960
290
2,240
110
1,020
20,610
290
510
1,410
2,410
2,020
6,640
8,050
150
47,750
117,470
20,800
30,800
2,900
54,500
171,970
4,180
1,480
2,500
8,160
Neg.
1,100
80
1,180
690
50
350
1,090
9,880
550
5,410
200
1,190
Neg.
1,670
18,900
1,340
480
1,570
4,020
2,750
10,160
6,880
240
46,610
125,330
26,130
14,760
3,500
44,390
169,720
4,750
1,340
1,830
7,920
Neg.
1,040
80
1,120
830
50
340
1,220
8,530
450
5,110
180
980
Neg.
1,440
16,690
1,730
490
1,550
4,200
2,850
10,820
7,050
250
45,070
122,970
27,760
13,140
3,620
44,520
167,490
4,540
1,380
1,950
7,870
Neg.
790
80
870
800
80
360
1,240
8,830
500
4,340
160
800
Neg.
1,400
16,030
1,950
570
1,280
4,220
3,120
11,140
7,210
280
44,640
125,040
29,530
12,210
3,690
45,430
170,470
4,420
1,380
1,730
7,530
Neg.
860
80
940
730
30
390
1,150
8,250
500
3,980
150
720
Neg.
1,390
14,990
2,140
590
1,720
3,810
3,780
12,040
8,860
320
45,830
124,080
30,840
11,730
3,750
46,320
170,400
4,090
1,370
1,780
7,240
Neg.
860
80
940
720
60
380
1,160
6,950
490
3,460
120
730
Neg.
1,460
13,210
1,950
530
1,620
3,570
3,610
1 1 ,280
9,090
310
43,230
120,370
30,990
1 1 ,600
3,780
46,370
166,740
* Discards after materials and compost recovery. In this table, discards include combustion with energy recovery.
Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes, or certain other wastes.
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 23
PRODUCTS DISCARDED* IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM, 1960 TO 2008
(WITH DETAIL ON CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING)
(In percent of total discards)
Products
Durable Goods
(Detail in Table 14)
Nondurable Goods
(Detail in Table 17)
Percent of Total Discards
1960
11.6%
18.1%
1970
12.1%
18.9%
1980
14.9%
21.7%
1990
15.3%
25.2%
2000
19.0%
27.4%
2003
20.6%
25.9%
2005
21.4%
25.7%
2007
22.0%
23.9%
2008
22.6%
23.6%
Containers and Packaging
Glass Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Bottles
Wine and Liquor Bottles
Food and Other Bottles & Jars
Total Glass Packaging
Steel Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Food and Other Cans
Other Steel Packaging
Total Steel Packaging
Aluminum Packaging
Beer and Soft Drink Cans
Other Cans
Foil and Closures
Total Aluminum Pkg
Paper & Paperboard Pkg
Corrugated Boxes
Milk Cartons
Folding Cartons
Other Paperboard Packaging
Bags and Sacks
Wrapping Papers
Other Paper Packaging
Total Paper & Board Pkg
Plastics Packaging
PET Bottles and Jars
HOPE Natural Bottles
Other Containers
Bags and Sacks
Wraps
Subtotal Bags, Sacks, and Wraps
Other Plastics Packaging
Total Plastics Packaging
Wood Packaging
Other Misc. Packaging
Total Containers & Pkg
Total Product Wastesf
Other Wastes
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Miscellaneous Inorganic Wastes
Total Other Wastes
Total MS W Discarded - %
1.6%
1.3%
4.5%
7.4%
0.8%
4.5%
0.3%
5.6%
Neg.
Neg.
0.2%
0.2%
5.8%
4.7%
3.3%
13.8%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
2.4%
0.1%
29.7%
59.4%
14.8%
24.2%
1.6%
40.6%
100.0%
4.8%
1 .7%
3.9%
10.4%
1 .4%
3.1%
0.2%
4.7%
0.1%
Neg.
0.4%
0.5%
8.8%
4.3%
3.1%
16.2%
0.8%
1.0%
1.8%
1.8%
0.1%
35.6%
66.6%
11.3%
20.5%
1.6%
33.4%
100.0%
4.4%
1 .8%
3.5%
9.6%
0.3%
2.0%
0.2%
2.5%
0.4%
Neg.
0.3%
0.7%
7.8%
0.6%
2.4%
0.2%
2.5%
0.1%
0.4%
14.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.6%
0.9%
0.6%
2.5%
2.9%
0.1%
32.2%
68.8%
9.5%
20.1%
1.6%
31 .2%
100.0%
2.2%
1.1%
2.1%
5.4%
0.1%
1.1%
0.1%
1 .3%
0.3%
Neg.
0.2%
0.5%
7.3%
0.3%
2.3%
0.2%
1.3%
0.1%
0.6%
12.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.8%
1.4%
1.2%
3.9%
4.7%
0.1%
27.8%
68.3%
12.1%
17.9%
1.7%
31 .7%
100.0%
2.5%
0.9%
1 .5%
4.8%
Neg.
0.6%
0.0%
0.7%
0.4%
Neg.
0.2%
0.6%
5.8%
0.3%
3.2%
0.1%
0.7%
Neg.
1.0%
11.1%
0.8%
0.3%
0.9%
2.4%
1.6%
6.0%
4.1%
0.1%
27.5%
73.8%
15.4%
8.7%
2.1%
26.2%
100.0%
2.8%
0.8%
1.1%
4.7%
Neg.
0.6%
0.0%
0.7%
0.5%
Neg.
0.2%
0.7%
5.1%
0.3%
3.1%
0.1%
0.6%
Neg.
0.9%
10.0%
1.0%
0.3%
0.9%
2.5%
1.7%
6.5%
4.2%
0.1%
26.9%
73.4%
16.6%
7.8%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
2.7%
0.8%
1.1%
4.6%
Neg.
0.5%
0.0%
0.5%
0.5%
Neg.
0.2%
0.7%
5.2%
0.3%
2.5%
0.1%
0.5%
Neg.
0.8%
9.4%
1.1%
0.3%
0.8%
2.5%
1.8%
6.5%
4.2%
0.2%
26.2%
73.4%
17.3%
7.2%
2.2%
26.6%
100.0%
2.6%
0.8%
1 .0%
4.4%
Neg.
0.5%
0.0%
0.6%
0.4%
Neg.
0.2%
0.7%
4.8%
0.3%
2.3%
0.1%
0.4%
Neg.
0.8%
8.8%
1.3%
0.3%
1.0%
2.2%
2.2%
7.1%
5.2%
0.2%
26.9%
72.8%
18.1%
6.9%
2.2%
27.2%
100.0%
2.5%
0.8%
1.1%
4.3%
Neg.
0.5%
0.0%
0.6%
0.4%
Neg.
0.2%
0.7%
4.2%
0.3%
2.1%
0.1%
0.4%
Neg.
0.9%
7.9%
1.2%
0.3%
1.0%
2.1%
2.2%
6.8%
5.5%
0.2%
25.9%
72.2%
18.6%
7.0%
2.3%
27.8%
100.0%
* Discards after materials and compost recovery. In this table, discards include combustion with energy recovery.
Does not include construction & demolition debris, industrial process wastes, or certain other wastes.
t Other than food products.
Neg. = Less than 5,000 tons or 0.05 percent. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 24
SELECTED EXAMPLES OF SOURCE REDUCTION PRACTICES
Source Reduction Practice
MSW Product Categories
Durable
Goods
Nondurable
Goods
Containers &
Packaging
Organics
Redesign
Materials reduction
Materials substitution
Lengthen life
• Downgauge metals in
appliances
• Use of composites
in appliances and
electronic circuitry
• High mileage tires
• Electronic components
reduce moving parts
• Paperless purchase
orders
• Regular servicing
• Look at warranties
• Extend warranties
• Concentrates
• Cereal in bags
• Coffee brick
• Multi-use products
• Design for secondary
uses
• Xeriscaping
Consumer Practices
• Purchase long lived
products
• Repair
• Duplexing
• Sharing
• Reduce unwanted
mail
• Purchasing:
products in bulk,
concentrates
• Reusable bags
Reuse
By design
Secondary
• Modular design
• Borrow or rent for
temporary use
• Give to charity
• Buy or sell at
garage sales
• Envelopes
• Clothing
• Waste paper
scratch pads
• Reusable pallets
• Returnable secondary
packaging
• Loosefill
• Grocery sacks
• Dairy containers
• Glass and plastic jars
Reduce/Eliminate Toxins
• Eliminate PCBs
• Soy ink, waterbased
• Waterbased solvents
• Reduce mercury
• Replace lead foil on
wine bottles
Reduce Organics
Food scraps
Yard trimmings
• Backyard composting
• Vermi-composting
• Backyard composting
• Grasscycling
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Table 25
NUMBER AND POPULATION SERVED BY
CURBSIDE RECYCLABLES COLLECTION PROGRAMS, 2008
Number of Population* Population Served
Region
NORTHEAST
SOUTH
MIDWEST
WEST
Total
Total U.S. Population
Programs
3,299
797
3,749
814
8,659
(in thousands)
50,803
85,536
46,579
64,620
247,538
304,060
(in thousands)
42,800
25,690
28,300
49,190
145,980
Percent**
84%
30%
61%
76%
59%
* Population in states reporting data
** Percent of population served by curbside programs was calculated using
population of states reporting data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, BioCycle April 2006, California Integrated Waste Management
Board, Illinois Recycling Association, www.coloradocurbside.com, Nebraska State Recycling
Assocation, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
-------
Table 26
MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITIES, 2008
Estimated
Throughput
Region
NORTHEAST
SOUTH
MIDWEST
WEST
U.S. Total
Number
145
152
136
112
545
(tpd)
23,238
19,739
19,584
20,123
82,684
Source: Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc.
-------
Table 27
MUNICIPAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS, 2008
Design
Number Capacity
Region Operational (tpd)
NORTHEAST 40 46,537
SOUTH 23 31,131
MIDWEST 16 10,912
WEST 8 6,141
U.S. Total* 87 94,721
* Projects on hold or inactive were not included.
WTE includes mass burn, modular, and refuse-derived
fuel-combustion facilities.
Source: "The IWSA Directory of Waste-To-Energy Plants."
Integrated Waste Services Association, 2007.
-------
Table 28
LANDFILL FACILITIES, 2008
Number of
Landfills
Region
NORTHEAST 134
SOUTH 726
MIDWEST 416
WEST 536
U.S. Total 1,812
Totals exclude 10 landfills in Hawaii and 300 landfills in Alaska.
Source: BioCycle December 2008.
Revised with data from Alabama Department of Environmental
Management, California Integrated Waste Management Board,
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment,
Hawaii Department of Health, and Nevada Division of
Environmental Protection.
-------
Table 29
GENERATION, MATERIALS RECOVERY, COMPOSTING, COMBUSTION,
AND DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, 1960 TO 2008
(In thousands of tons and percent of total generation)
Thousands of Tons
Generation
Recovery for recycling
Recovery for composting*
Total Materials Recovery
Discards after recovery
Combustion with
energy recovery**
Discards to landfill,
other disposalf
1960
88,120
5,610
Neg.
5,610
82,510
0
82,510
1970
121,060
8,020
Neg.
8,020
113,040
400
112,640
1980
151,640
14,520
Neg.
14,520
137,120
2,700
134,420
1990
205,210
29,040
4,200
33,240
171,970
29,700
142,270
2000
239,050
52,880
16,450
69,330
169,720
33,730
135,990
2003
242,230
55,660
19,080
74,740
167,490
33,100
134,390
2005
249,650
58,630
20,550
79,180
170,470
31,620
138,850
2007
254,590
62,480
21,710
84,190
170,400
31,970
138,430
2008
249,610
60,770
22,100
82,870
166,740
31,550
135,190
Pounds per Person per Day
Generation
Recovery for recycling
Recovery for composting*
Total Materials Recovery
Discards after recovery
Combustion with
energy recovery**
Discards to landfill,
other disposalf
Population (thousands)
1960
2.68
0.17
Neg.
0.17
2.51
0.00
2.51
179,979
1970
3.25
0.22
Neg.
0.22
3.03
0.01
3.02
203,984
1980
3.66
0.35
Neg.
0.35
3.31
0.07
3.24
227,255
1990
4.50
0.64
0.09
0.73
3.77
0.65
3.12
249,907
2000
4.65
1.03
0.32
1.35
3.30
0.66
2.64
281,422
2003
4.56
1.05
0.36
1.41
3.15
0.62
2.53
290,850
2005
4.62
1.08
0.38
1.46
3.16
0.58
2.58
296,410
2007
4.63
1.14
0.39
1.53
3.10
0.58
2.52
301,621
2008
4.50
1.10
0.40
1.50
3.00
0.57
2.43
304,060
Percent of Total Generation
Generation
Recovery for recycling
Recovery for composting*
Total Materials Recovery
Discards after recovery
Combustion with
energy recovery**
Discards to landfill,
other disposalf
1960
100.0%
6.4%
Neg.
6.4%
93.6%
0.0%
93.6%
1970
100.0%
6.6%
Neg.
6.6%
93.4%
0.3%
93.1%
1980
100.0%
9.6%
Neg.
9.6%
90.4%
1.8%
88.6%
1990
100.0%
14.2%
2.0%
16.2%
83.8%
14.5%
69.3%
2000
100.0%
22.1%
6.9%
29.0%
71.0%
14.1%
56.9%
2003
100.0%
23.0%
7.9%
30.9%
69.1%
13.7%
55.5%
2005
100.0%
23.5%
8.2%
31.7%
68.3%
12.7%
55.6%
2007
100.0%
24.6%
8.5%
33.1%
66.9%
12.6%
54.3%
2008
100.0%
24.3%
8.9%
33.2%
66.8%
12.6%
54.2%
Composting of yard trimmings, food scraps and other MSW organic material. Does not include backyard composting.
** Includes combustion of MSW in mass burn or refuse-derived fuel form, and combustion with energy recovery of source separated
materials in MSW (e.g., wood pallets and tire-derived fuel). 2008 includes 28,390 MSW, 620 wood, and 2,535 tires (1,000 tons)
t Discards after recovery minus combustion with energy recovery. Discards include combustion without energy recovery.
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Figure 1 - A. Municipal solid waste in the universe of Subtitle D wastes
Subtitle D Wastes
The Subtitle D Waste included in this report is Municipal Solid Waste, which includes:
Containers and packaging such as soft drink bottles and corrugated boxes
Durable goods such as furniture and appliances
Nondurable goods such as newspapers, trash bags, and clothing
Other wastes such as food scraps and yard trimmings.
Subtitle D Wastes not included in this report are:
Municipal sludges Agricultural wastes
Industrial nonhazardous wastes Oil and gas wastes
Construction and demolition debris Mining wastes
-------
Figure 1- B. Definition of terms
The materials flow methodology produces an estimate of total municipal solid waste generation in
the United States, by material categories and by product categories.
The term generation as used in this report refers to the weight of materials and products as they
enter the waste management system from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources and
before materials recovery or combustion takes place. Preconsumer (industrial) scrap is not included in the
generation estimates. Source reduction activities (e.g., backyard composting of yard trimmings) take place
ahead of generation.
Source reduction activities reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal
solid waste management system. Reuse is a source reduction activity involving the recovery or reapplication
of a package, used product, or material in a manner that retains its original form or identity. Reuse of
products such as refillable glass bottles, reusable plastic food storage containers, or refurbished wood pallets
is considered to be source reduction, not recycling.
Recovery of materials as estimated in this report includes products and yard trimmings removed
from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling (including composting). For recovered products, recovery
equals reported purchases of postconsumer recovered material (e.g., glass cullet, old newspapers) plus net
exports (if any) of the material. Thus, recovery of old corrugated containers (OCC) is the sum of OCC
purchases by paper mills plus net exports of OCC. If recovery as reported by a data source includes
converting or fabrication (preconsumer) scrap, the preconsumer scrap is not counted towards the recovery
estimates in this report. Imported secondary materials are also not counted in recovery estimates in this
report. For some materials, additional uses, such as glass used for highway construction or newspapers used
to make insulation, are added into the recovery totals.
Combustion of MSW with energy recovery, often called "waste-to-energy," is estimated in Chapter 3
of this report. Combustion of separated materials-wood and rubber from tires-is included in the estimates of
combustion with energy recovery in this report.
Discards include MSW remaining after recovery for recycling (including composting). These
discards presumably would be combusted without energy recovery or landfilled, although some MSW is
littered, stored or disposed onsite, or burned onsite, particularly in rural areas. No good estimates for these
other disposal practices are available, but the total amounts of MSW involved are presumed to be small.
For the analysis of municipal solid waste, products are divided into three basic categories: durable
goods, nondurable goods, and containers and packaging. The durable goods and nondurable goods
categories generally follow the definitions of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Durable goods are those products that last 3 years or more. Products in this category include major
and small appliances, furniture and furnishings, carpets and rugs, tires, lead-acid batteries, consumer
electronics, and other miscellaneous durables.
Nondurable goods are those products that last less than 3 years. Products in this category include
newspapers, books, magazines, office papers, directories, mail, other commercial printing, tissue paper and
towels, paper and plastic plates and cups, trash bags, disposable diapers, clothing and footwear, towels,
sheets and pillowcases, other nonpackaging paper, and other miscellaneous nondurables.
Containers and packaging are assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain
are purchased. Products in this category include bottles, containers, corrugated boxes, milk cartons, folding
cartons, bags, sacks, and wraps, wood packaging, and other miscellaneous packaging.
-------
Figure 2. Paper and paperboard products generated in MSW, 2008
Corrugated boxes
Newspapers
Office-type papers
Folding and milk cartons
Standard mail
Commercial printing
Other papers
Tissue paper and towels
Magazines
Other packaging
Books
Paper plates and cups
Bags and sacks
Directories
10
15 20
million tons
25
30
35
-------
Figure 3. Paper and paperboard generation and recovery, 1960 to 2008
C/3
O
•H-
C
.Q
I
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
-------
Figure 4. Glass products generated in MSW, 2008
Beer & soft drink bottles*
Durable goods
Food, other bottles & jars
Wine & liquor bottles
Includes carbon
ated drinks and nor
-carbonated water
teas, and flavored
drinks.
3 4
million tons
-------
Figure 5. Glass generation and recovery, 1960 to 2008
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
-------
Durables
Packaging
Nondurables
Figure 6. Metal products generated in MSW, 2008
ED Ferrous metals ED Aluminum 0 Other nonferrous
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
million tons
-------
Figure 7. Metals generation and recovery, 1960 to 2008
22 i
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
-------
Figure 8. Plastics products generated in MSW, 2008
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Bags, sacks and wraps
Other packaging
PET bottles & jars and
HOPE natural bottles
Other containers
10
12
million tons
-------
Figure 9. Plastics generation and recovery, 1960 to 2008
32 -1
28
24
20
16
12
8
Generation
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
-------
Figure 10. Generation of materials in MSW, 1960 to 2008
250
"All Other" includes primarily wood, rubber and leather, and textiles.
B All other*
SYard
DFood
0 Plastics
B Metals
D Paper
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
-------
Figure 11. Recovery and discards of materials in MSW, 1960 to 2008
250
Generation
Discards including
combustion with
energy recovery
Generation minus recovery = discards
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
-------
Figure 12. Materials recovery,* 2008
All other
Plastics 8%
3%
Metals
9%
Yard trimmings \
26%
Paper & paperboard
51%
* In percent by weight of total recovery
-------
Figure 13. Materials generated and discarded*
in municipal solid waste, 2008
(In percent of total generation and discards)
Other wastes
17.8%
Yard trimmings
13.2%
Food wastes
12.7%
Plastics
12.0%
Paper & paperboard
31.0%
Glass
4.9%
Metals
8.4%
Generation
Other wastes
23.2%
Yard trimmings
7.0%
Food wastes
18.6%
Paper & paperboard
20.7%
Plastics
16.7%
Glass
5.6%
Metals
8.2%
Discards
Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery.
-------
Figure 14. Generation of products in MSW, 1960 to 2008
250
Containers & Packaging
Nondurable Goods
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
-------
Figure 15. Nondurable goods generated and discarded*
in municipal solid waste, 2008
(In percent of total generation and discards)
Textiles
15.0%
Rubber & leather
1.8%
Plastics
11.1%
Other
5.5%
Paper & paperboard
66.6%
Generation
Textiles
18.6%
Rubber & leather
2.6%
Plastics
16.5%
Other
8.3%
::::•:::•:::::•:::•) Paper & paperboard
54.0%
Discards
*Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery.
-------
Figure 16. Containers and packaging generated and discarded*
in municipal solid waste, 2008
(In percent of total generation and discards)
Wood, other
14.3%
Plastics
16.9%
Metals
5.8%
Glass
13.1%
Paper & paperboard
49.9%
Generation
Wood, other
21.7%
Plastics
26.1%
Metals
4.9%
Discards
Paper & paperboard
30.6%
Glass
16.7%
*Discards in this figure include combustion with energy recovery.
-------
Figure 17. Diagram of solid waste management
Changes in Changes in
package purchasing
design habits
t I
I I
Generation
of waste for
management
Changes in
industrial
practices
I .
Backyard Increased Other
composting, reuse changes in
grasscycling use patterns
I
Recovery for
recycling (including
composting)
t , ,
1
Combustion
with energy
recovery
SOURCE REDUCTION
I I
Landfill/Other
disposal
WASTE REDUCTION
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
-------
Figure 18. Population served by curbside recycling, 2008
i uu -
on -
yu
80 -
70 -
| 60-
Q.
5 50 -
o
c:
0)
1 4°-
30 -
20 -
10 -
0 -
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, BioCycle April 2006, California Integrated Waste Management Board, Illinois Recycling Association,
www.coloradocurbside.com, Nebraska State Recycling Assocation, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
-------
Figure 19. States with Bottle Deposit Rules
States With Bottle Bills
Source: The Container Recycling Institute, 2006
-------
Figure 20. Estimated MRF throughput, 2008
(Tons per day per million persons)
500
400
o
C/3
CD
Q_
| 300
I
Q.
O)
3
O
200
CO
100
0
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc.
-------
300
Figure 21. Mixed waste processing estimated throughput 2008
(tons per day per million persons)
250
o
c/3
8.200
c
.Q
I
h—
& 150
>^
Q_
CO
O
f 100
^/5
c
O
50
0
Northeast South Midwest
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc.
West
-------
Figure 22. MSW composting capacity, 2008
(Capacity in tons per day per million persons)
7
§ 5
o3
CL
1 4
o3
CL
03
O
03
T3
1 2
o
0
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; BioCycle, November 2008.
-------
Figure 23. Yard trimmings composting programs, 2008
(In number of programs)
1,800 -|
1,600
« 1,
CO
I 1,000
I
3
800
0
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: BioCycle April 2006.
Revised wth data from Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, California Integrated Waste
Management Board, and Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment.
-------
Figure 24. Municipal waste-to-energy capacity, 2008
(Capacity in tons per million persons)
3UU
800 -
« 700 -
o
leoo-
c
.g
^ 500 -
05
Q.
f 40° '
O
£ 300 -
T3
t/3
^ 200-
100 -
0 -
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Integrated Waste Services Association 2007.
-------
Figure 25. Number of landfills in the U.S., 2008
800
600
400
_
CD
_Q
E
200
0
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: BioCycle December 2008, Alabama Department of Environmental Management, California Integrated Waste
Management Board, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, and Nevada Division of Environmental
Protection
-------
300
250
200
Figure 26. Municipal solid waste management, 1960 to 2008
C/3
C
o
c
o
I
150
100
50-
Recovery of the composting
component of recycling
Recovery for recycling
Combustion
with energy recovery
Landfill, other disposal
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: Franklin Associates, A Division of ERG
------- |