For Official Use Only
-------
EPA's Mission
The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect human health and the
environment. This budget request reflects the tough choices needed for our nation's short- and
long-term fiscal health. The President directed EPA and other federal agencies to reduce funding
levels out of an understanding that the same sacrifices are being made by American families
every day. While this budget includes significant cuts, it is designed to ensure that EPA can
effectively carry out its core mission to protect public health and our environment, including
reductions of air and water pollution, ensuring the safety of chemicals, providing for the strong
enforcement of environmental standards, as well as the cleanup of contaminated sites that
Americans expect. It also reflects EPA's overarching commitment to science and our focus on
the concerns of underserved communities and at-risk populations.
Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
The FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification requests $8.973 billion
in discretionary budget authority. This represents a reduction of approximately $1.3 billion from
FY 2010 enacted levels of $10.3 billion, EPA's highest funding level since its creation. As it
does every year, EPA has worked to find efficiencies within our programs while protecting the
most vulnerable in our communities, maintaining hard-won momentum in improving
compliance, revitalizing key ecosystems and following the science that will help the Agency
sustain progress and foster innovation. For FY 2012, funding is maintained for EPA's core
priorities, such as enforcement of the environment and public health protections.
While this budget includes significant cuts, such as a combined $947 million reduction to EPA's
Clean Water and Drinking Water Revolving Funds (SRFs), as with any smart budget, EPA plans
to make targeted investments to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency in protecting our health
and environment. The FY 2012 Budget maintains funding to update the Clean Air Act's
standards and our efforts to assist in transitioning America to a clean energy economy. It
continues the critical work necessary for protecting and restoring America's waters. This budget
seeks to sustain progress in assuring the safety of chemicals in our products, our environment
and our bodies through strategic investments and new approaches. It reflects a commitment to
close loopholes for big polluters, better ensuring that our federal laws are enforced effectively
and leverages new technologies to improve data processes, reducing the burden on states, tribes,
affected industry and the Agency. It also focuses on community-level engagement to reach a
broader range of citizens. Finally, it continues to reflect our core values of science and
transparency in addressing America's complex environmental protection challenges.
Although these difficult choices may unfortunately slow the pace of progress toward
performance measures established in our FY 2011-2015 Strategic Plan, the FY 2012 budget
-------
maintains the fundamental mission of the Agency: to protect the health of the American people
and our environment.
Below are the FY 2012 funding points of focus:
Improving Air Quality and Supporting Action on Greenhouse Gas Pollution
EPA will continue to protect American families' health by enforcing the Clean Air Act's updated
air pollution standards that rein in big polluters by cutting back on mercury, carbon dioxide,
arsenic and other life-threatening pollution in the air we breathe. EPA will take measured,
common-sense steps to address greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution and improve air quality.
Taking these reasonable steps to update standards now will allow the Agency to better protect
people's health, drive technology innovation for a stronger economy, and protect the
environment cost-effectively. In fact, creating more sustainable materials and products is an
opportunity for American innovators, investors, and entrepreneurs.
EPA is requesting $5.1 million in additional resources for Air Toxics and $6.2 million in
upgrades to the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL). Additional
resources for air toxics will be used to improve EPA's air toxic monitoring capabilities and to
improve dissemination of information between and among the various EPA offices, the state,
local and tribal governments, and the public. Additional resources for the NVFEL will begin to
address the anticipated more than four-fold increase in the number of vehicle and engine
certificates EPA issues and the much more challenging oversight requirements for both the
vehicle/engine compliance program and fuels programs due to the diversity of sophisticated
technologies.
EPA's FY 2012 budget requests $46 million for efforts aimed to reduce GHG pollution and
address the Climate and Clean Energy Challenge. This includes the $25 million described below
for state grants focused on developing the technical capacity for addressing GHG pollution in
their Clean Air Act permitting activities and an additional $5 million for related EPA efforts. $6
million in additional funding is included for the development and implementation of new
emission standards that will reduce GHG pollution from passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and
medium duty passenger vehicles. These funds also will support EPA's assessment and potential
development, in response to legal obligations, of standards for other mobile sources. Also
included is $7 million for the assessment and potential development of New Source Performance
Standards for several categories of major stationary sources through means that are flexible and
manageable for business. Finally, this amount includes $2.5 million for priority measurement,
reporting and verification activities related to implementing the Mandatory GHG Reporting
Rule, to ensure the collection of high quality data.
11
-------
Protecting America's Water
Many of America's waterbodies are imperiled from a variety of stressors, and EPA will work to
confront the challenges from multiple angles - local and national, traditional and innovative. In
FY 2012, EPA will concentrate on a few targeted waterbodies. As part of the Administration's
long-term strategy, EPA is implementing a Sustainable Water Infrastructure Policy that focuses
on working with States and communities to enhance technical, managerial and financial capacity.
Important to the technical capacity will be enhancing alternatives analysis to expand "green
infrastructure" options and their multiple benefits. Future year budgets for the SRFs gradually
adjust, taking into account repayments, through 2016 with the goal of providing, on average,
about 5 percent of water infrastructure spending annually. When coupled with increasing
repayments from loans made in past years by states, the annual funding will allow the SRFs to
finance a significant percentage in clean water and drinking water infrastructure. Federal dollars
provided through the SRFs will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and ongoing
management of sustainable water infrastructure. Overall, the Administration requests a
combined $2.5 billion for the SRFs. This request brings the four year total for SRFs to nearly
$17 billion (FY 2009 - FY 2012).
EPA is increasing resources to address upstream pollution resources in the Mississippi River
Basin. The Mississippi River Basin Program is funded at $6.0 million and will focus on
nonpoint source program enhancements to spur water-quality improvement. This is supported
by $600,000 for enforcement activities in the Basin. Resources for the Chesapeake Bay Program
are increased by $17.4 million to $67.4 million to support our work under the President's
Executive Order on the Chesapeake Bay, for implementing a strategy to restore Bay water
quality. While funding has gone down from 2010 levels, EPA will also continue to lead the
implementation of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, providing $350 million for programs
and projects strategically chosen to target the most significant environmental problems in the
Great Lakes ecosystem. Continuing efforts in these and other clean water and drinking water
projects reflects a commitment to leverage Federal agency partnerships to strengthen
disadvantaged communities by reconnecting them with their waters and achieving community-
based goals.
in
-------
Building Strong State and Tribal Partnerships
The mission of EPA is achieved through strong collaboration with states and tribes and reflects
the Agency's overarching commitment to address the legitimate concerns of underserved
communities and at-risk populations. This budget includes $1.2 billion for State and Tribal
categorical grants, an increase of $85 million, to support States and Tribes to implement their
environmental programs. Our partners are working diligently to implement updated standards
under the Clean Air Act (CAA) and Clean Water Act (CWA) and need additional support during
this time of constrained state budgets.
The $306 million in State grant funding for air programs is above historical levels and necessary
to meet the additional responsibilities associated with achieving air quality standards that better
protect people's health and the environment. Increases for air grants include $25 million for
development and deployment of technical capacity needed to address GHG pollution in
permitting under the CAA and $54 million to support increased state workload for
implementation of updated National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
An additional $21 million is requested for Water Pollution Control (Sec 106) grants. This
increase addresses issues that continue to degrade water quality issues nationwide by supporting
states as they focus on the continued development of water quality standards, identification of
impaired waters, development of Total Maximum Daily Loads for use in permit actions, and
targeted enforcement to address the most serious instances of noncompliance. An additional $4
million is requested for Public Water Systems Supervision (PWSS) grants to support
management of state and drinking water system data. This will improve transparency and
efficiency as it will replace the outdated Safe Drinking Water Information System/State Version
(SDWIS/State) and improve reporting and dissemination of drinking water system compliance
information. $20 million is requested for the Tribal Multimedia Implementation grant program
in order to help tribes move beyond building the capacity to plan, develop, and establish
environmental protection programs under the GAP program to implementation. This is intended
to advance negotiated environmental plans and activities on a cooperative basis between tribes
and EPA, ensuring that tribal environmental priorities are adequately addressed.
Strengthening Enforcement and Compliance
The FY 2012 President's Budget includes approximately $621 million for EPA's enforcement
and compliance assurance program. EPA enforcement programs face complex challenges that
demand both traditional and innovative strategies to improve our effectiveness and efficiency in
protecting the health of American families. Through the Regaining Ground: Increasing
Compliance in Critical Areas initiative, EPA will begin to harness the tools of modern
technology to address some of these challenges and make EPA's Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance program more efficient and effective. EPA will start using 21st century electronic
iv
-------
reporting (e-reporting), monitoring tools, and market-based approaches to ensure a level playing
field for American businesses.
Maximizing the use of advanced data and monitoring tools will allow EPA to focus its limited
inspection and enforcement resources in those areas where they are most effective or most
necessary. These include complex industrial operations that require physical inspection, cases
involving potentially significant harm to human health or the environment, potential criminal
violations or repeat violators. In FY 2012, EPA will begin to review existing compliance
reporting requirements to identify opportunities to use objective self-monitoring, self or third
party certification, public accountability, advanced monitoring techniques, and electronic
reporting requirements.
EPA has focused on identifying where the most significant vulnerabilities exist, in terms of scale
and potential risk and proposes to increase oversight/monitoring of regulated high risk facilities
in order to better implement prevention approaches. In FY 2012, as part of the Regaining
Ground initiative, EPA will invest an additional $5 million to increase the number of inspections
at high risk facilities like oil facilities regulated under the Spill Prevention, Control and
Countermeasures (SPCC) and the Facility Response Plan (FRP) regulations. Funding will also
be used to develop and implement a third party audit program for non-high risk SPCC facilities,
in order to improve the efficiency of targeting resources and inspectors at these facilities in the
future.
Enhancing Chemical Safety
America's citizens deserve to know the products they use are safe. To sustain progress in
assuring the safety of chemicals in our products, our environment and our bodies, EPA is
improving how it assesses the safety of chemicals in the environment and the marketplace. FY
2012 represents a crucial stage in EPA's approach for enhancing chemical safety. The program
has attained its 'zero tolerance' goal in preventing introduction of unsafe new chemicals into
commerce but many 'pre-TSCA' chemicals already in commerce remain un-assessed.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue with the transformation of its approach for ensuring chemical
safety. EPA's approach will be centered on increasing the pace in assessing chemicals,
strengthening information management, taking immediate and lasting actions to eliminate or
reduce identified chemical risks, and developing proven safer alternatives.
This budget request includes a $16 million investment to more fully implement the
Administrator's Enhancing Chemical Safety initiative by taking action to reduce chemical risks,
increase the pace of chemical hazard assessments, and provide the public with greater access to
toxic chemical information. Funding will support implementation of chemical risk reduction
-------
actions that consider the impact of chemicals on children's health and on disadvantaged, low
income, and indigenous populations. The additional funding will help to close knowledge and
risk management gaps for thousands of chemicals already in commerce by updating regulatory
controls and other actions that decrease potential impacts to human health and the environment.
EPA also will continue promoting use of safer chemicals, chemical management practices and
technologies to enable the transition away from existing chemicals that present unreasonable
human health and environmental risks.
Supporting Healthy Communities
The Environmental Protection Agency, along with other federal agencies, is committed to
protect, sustain or restore the health of communities and ecosystems by bringing together a
variety of programs, tools, approaches and resources directed to the local level. A diversity of
perspectives and experiences brings a wider range of ideas and approaches and creates
opportunities for innovation. Results are drawn from both regulatory mechanisms and
collaborative partnerships with stakeholders. Partnerships with international, Federal, state,
tribal, and local governments and non-governmental organizations have long been a common
thread across EPA's programs.
The FY 2012 budget includes a $19.8 million multidisciplinary initiative for Healthy
Communities. It supports states and communities in promoting healthier school environments by
increasing technical support, outreach and co-leading Federal interagency coordination and
integration efforts. It also provides resources to address air toxics within at-risk communities
and to support the important joint DOT/HUD/EPA outreach and technical assistance efforts to
encourage and facilitate sustainable development within communities.
EPA supports the America's Great Outdoors (AGO) initiative to develop a community-based
21st century conservation agenda that can also spur job creation in the tourism and recreation
industries. EPA will join the Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, and the
Council on Environmental Quality to lead the coordinated effort to leverage support across the
Federal Government to help community-driven efforts to protect and restore our outdoor legacy.
The area-wide planning and community support focus of existing EPA programs and initiatives
like Urban Waters and Brownfields programs align well with the goals and objectives of this
new initiative.
Maintaining a Strong Science Foundation
In FY 2012, EPA is restructuring our scientific research program to be more integrated and
cross-disciplinary, allowing our scientific work to be more transformational. EPA is
strengthening its planning and delivery of science to more deeply examine our environmental
VI
-------
and public health challenges and inform sustainable solutions to meet our strategic goals. By
looking at problems from a systems perspective, this new research approach will create synergy
and produce more timely and comprehensive results beyond those possible from approaches that
are more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or problem areas. In FY 2012, we are requesting
a science and technology budget of $826 million. This amount includes increases to research on
endocrine disrupting chemicals, green chemistry, e-waste and e-design, green infrastructure,
computational toxicology, air monitoring, drinking water and Science, Technology, Engineering,
or Mathematics (STEM) Fellowships.
Science is - and must continue to be - the foundation of all our work at EPA. Good science
leads to shared solutions; everyone benefits from clean air and clean water. Rigorous science
leads to innovative solutions to complex environmental challenges. Most of the scientific
research increases will support additional Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants and
fellowships to make progress on these research priorities and leverage the expertise of the
academic research community. This budget also supports the study of computational toxicology
and other priority research efforts with a focus on advancing the design of sustainable solutions
for reducing risks associated with environmentally hazardous substances. Two million dollars is
also included to conduct a long-term review of EPA's laboratory network.
vn
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Table of Contents - Resource Summary Tables
APPROPRIATION SUMMARY 3
Budget Authority 3
Full-time Equivalents (FTE) 4
-------
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
APPROPRIATION SUMMARY
Budget Authority
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Oil Spill Supplemental
Science & Technology
Environmental Program &
Management
Inspector General
Building and Facilities
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Superfund Program
IG Transfer
S&T Transfer
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks
State and Tribal Assistance
Grants
SUB-TOTAL, EPA
Rescission of Prior Year
Funds
SUB-TOTAL, EPA
(INCLUDING
RESCISSIONS)
Recovery Act - EPM
Recovery Act - IG
Recovery Act -LUST
Recovery Act - SF
Recovery Act - STAG
Recovery Act Resources
TOTAL, EPA
FY2010
Enacted
$846,049.0
$2,000.0
$848,049.0
$2,993,779.0
$44,791.0
$37,001.0
$18,379.0
$1,269,732.0
$9,975.0
$26,834.0
$1,306,541.0
$113,101.0
$4,978,223.0
$10,339,864.0
($40,000.0)
$10,299,864.0
$0.0
$10,299,864.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$817,677.7
$0.0
$817,677.7
$2,966,637.1
$42,238.8
$39,548.8
$16,904.4
$1,372,230.3
$9,337.9
$28,032.8
$1,409,601.0
$116,882.3
$4,392,447.4
$9,801,937.5
$0.0
$9,801,937.5
$22,237.5
$6,925.6
($4,299.0)
$5,190.3
$18,528.1
$48,582.5
$9,850,520.0
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$846,049.0
$0.0
$846,049.0
$2,993,779.0
$44,791.0
$37,001.0
$18,379.0
$1,269,732.0
$9,975.0
$26,834.0
$1,306,541.0
$113,101.0
$4,978,223.0
$10,337,864.0
($40,000.0)
$10,297,864.0
$0.0
$10,297,864.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$825,596.0
$0.0
$825,596.0
$2,876,634.0
$45,997.0
$41,969.0
$23,662.0
$1,203,206.0
$10,009.0
$23,016.0
$1,236,231.0
$112,481.0
$3,860,430.0
$9,023,000.0
($50,000.0)
$8,973,000.0
$0.0
$8,973,000.0
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan. $40M rescission implemented in 2010 against PY funds. See appendix for more
detailed Recovery Act Information.
3
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
APPROPRIATION SUMMARY
Full-time Equivalents (FTE)
Science & Technology
Oil Spill Supplemental
Science & Technology
Science and Tech. - Reim
Environmental Program &
Management
Envir. Program & Mgmt - Reim
Inspector General
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Inland Oil Spill Programs - Reim
Superfund Program
IG Transfer
S&T Transfer
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Superfund Reimbursables
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks
WCF-REIMB
Rereg. & Exped. Proc. Rev Fund
Pesticide Registration Fund
Recovery Act Reimbursable: M&O
Recovery Act Reimbursable: S&T
Recovery Act Reimbursable: SF
Well Permit BLM
SUB-TOTAL, FTE CEILING
FY2010
Enacted
2,442.5
2,442.5
3.0
10,925.3
0.0
296.0
102.2
0.0
3,017.5
65.8
110.0
3,193.3
75.5
75.3
136.1
167.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17,417.0
FY 2010
Actuals
2,441.7
0.0
2,441.7
0.3
10,793.6
23.0
283.3
89.8
80.2
2,919.2
52.2
98.8
3,070.2
94.1
67.0
115.7
142.1
69.0
0.6
0.9
3.8
2.6
17,277.9
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
2,442.5
0.0
2,442.5
3.0
10,925.3
0.0
296.0
102.2
0.0
3,017.5
65.8
110.0
3,193.3
75.5
75.3
136.1
167.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17,417.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
2,471.2
0.0
2,471.2
1.5
10,851.9
0.0
300.0
119.0
0.0
2,899.7
65.8
106.4
3,071.9
50.7
64.3
126.6
145.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17,202.1
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan. $40M rescission implemented in 2010 against PY funds. See appendix for more
detailed Recovery Act Information.
4
-------
Pesticide Registration Fund1
TOTAL, EPA
FY2010
Enacted
69.0
17,486.0
FY 2010
Actuals
0.0
17,277.9
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
69.0
17,486.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
69.0
17,271.1
Presentation of reimbursable FTE for this account should not be interpreted as counting against the Agency ceiling, but rather a
projection of reimbursable FTE to accurately and transparently account for the size of this program and the Agency
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan. $40M rescission implemented in 2010 against PY funds. See appendix for more
detailed Recovery Act Information.
5
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Table of Contents - Goal and Objective Overview
GOAL, APPROPRIATION SUMMARY 8
Budget Authority 8
Authorized Full-time Equivalents (FTE) 10
Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality 12
Protecting America's Waters 22
Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development 34
Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution 47
Enforcing Environmental Laws 55
-------
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
GOAL, APPROPRIATION SUMMARY
Budget Authority
(Dollars in Thousands)
Taking Action on Climate Change
and Improving Air Quality
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
State and Tribal Assistance
Grants
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Protecting America's Waters
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
State and Tribal Assistance
Grants
Inspector General
Cleaning Up Our Communities and
Advancing Sustainable
Development
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
State and Tribal Assistance
Grants
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks
FY2010
Enacted
$1,130,427.9
$486,173.5
$286,884.9
$8,611.6
$339,655.5
$5,234.2
$3,868.2
$5,645,339.6
$1,202,988.5
$156,653.3
$5,924.4
$4,249,791.5
$29,981.8
$2,075,066.9
$358,305.3
$206,733.3
$7,695.3
$327,692.9
$112,155.8
FY 2010
Actuals
$1,161,100.7
$487,910.3
$273,033.9
$9,322.0
$382,346.0
$4,447.5
$4,041.0
$4,989,963.6
$1,191,126.7
$151,713.0
$6,286.7
$3,603,724.5
$37,112.7
$2,232,328.3
$374,308.1
$203,209.3
$7,964.8
$363,451.3
$111,742.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$1,130,427.9
$486,173.5
$286,884.9
$8,611.6
$339,655.5
$5,234.2
$3,868.2
$5,645,339.6
$1,202,988.5
$156,653.3
$5,924.4
$4,249,791.5
$29,981.8
$2,073,066.9
$358,305.3
$204,733.3
$7,695.3
$327,692.9
$112,155.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$1,130,919.3
$500,817.9
$280,583.9
$10,179.9
$328,943.9
$6,290.5
$4,103.3
$4,342,645.5
$1,034,492.8
$150,049.4
$6,849.6
$3,123,517.3
$27,736.3
$2,017,061.5
$358,810.2
$188,420.7
$8,255.4
$346,330.2
$111,586.0
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan. $40M rescission implemented in 2010 against PY funds. See appendix for more detailed
Recovery Act Information.
-------
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals
and Preventing Pollution
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
State and Tribal Assistance
Grants
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Enforcing Environmental Laws
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
State and Tribal Assistance
Grants
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Sub-Total
Rescission of Prior Year Funds
Total
FY2010
Enacted
$16,022.6
$4,811.3
$1,041,650.5
$681,126.8
$446,916.7
$179,545.2
$10,007.5
$34,708.6
$2,659.6
$7,289.2
$807,902.7
$499,394.9
$18,232.2
$4,762.3
$26,374.6
$945.2
$2,356.4
$2,104.0
$253,733.0
$10,339,864.0
($40,000.0)
$10,299,864.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$14,509.1
$4,491.9
$1,152,651.5
$671,424.4
$446,415.0
$171,878.5
$11,095.6
$34,675.7
$1,812.8
$5,546.8
$795,703.1
$489,114.6
$17,843.0
$4,879.7
$26,778.0
$841.0
$2,395.3
$1,299.5
$252,552.0
$9,850,520.0
$0.0
$9,850,520.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$16,022.6
$4,811.3
$1,041,650.5
$681,126.8
$446,916.7
$179,545.2
$10,007.5
$34,708.6
$2,659.6
$7,289.2
$807,902.7
$499,394.9
$18,232.2
$4,762.3
$26,374.6
$945.2
$2,356.4
$2,104.0
$253,733.0
$10,337,864.0
($40,000.0)
$10,297,864.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$20,540.6
$5,906.8
$977,211.7
$702,542.3
$457,466.5
$188,244.1
$11,446.4
$34,755.5
$3,320.2
$7,309.5
$829,831.4
$525,046.6
$18,297.9
$5,237.7
$26,883.0
$895.0
$3,121.4
$2,743.2
$247,606.6
$9,023,000.0
($50,000.0)
$8,973,000.0
Recovery Act funds are included in the goal totals above. See Appendix for more details on Recovery Act funds.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan. $40M rescission implemented in 2010 against PY funds. See appendix for more detailed
Recovery Act Information.
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
GOAL, APPROPRIATION SUMMARY
Authorized Full-time Equivalents (FTE)
Taking Action on Climate Change
and Improving Air Quality
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Envir. Program & Mgmt - Reim
Science and Tech. - Reim
WCF-REIMB
Recovery Act Reimbursable:
M&O
Protecting America's Waters
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Inspector General
Envir. Program & Mgmt - Reim
WCF-REIMB
UIC Injection Well Permit BLM
Cleaning Up Our Communities and
Advancing Sustainable Development
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
FY2010
Enacted
2,735.4
1,879.5
769.0
34.6
18.4
0.0
3.0
30.9
0.0
3,501.9
2,793.0
484.3
198.1
0.0
26.4
0.0
4,483.9
1,707.0
555.0
69.9
84.9
31.8
1,932.6
FY2010
Actuals
2,714.2
1,874.2
767.5
25.6
18.5
1.5
0.3
26.5
0.0
3,471.3
2,761.6
466.4
213.9
5.0
21.7
2.6
4,517.2
1,725.4
545.5
62.6
74.7
25.9
1,885.7
FY2011
Annualized
CR
2,735.4
1,879.5
769.0
34.6
18.4
0.0
3.0
30.9
0.0
3,501.9
2,793.0
484.3
198.1
0.0
26.4
0.0
4,483.9
1,707.0
555.0
69.9
84.9
31.8
1,932.6
FY 2012
Pres Budget
2,809.2
1,937.9
780.0
41.0
18.7
0.0
1.5
30.0
0.0
3,433.9
2,734.9
494.0
180.9
0.0
24.1
0.0
4,338.3
1,661.3
533.5
59.8
100.9
38.5
1,869.6
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
10
-------
Envir. Program & Mgmt - Reim
Inland Oil Spill Programs - Reim
Superfund Reimbursables
WCF-REIMB
Recovery Act Reimbursable:
M&O
Recovery Act Reimbursable: S&T
Recovery Act Reimbursable: SF
Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and
Preventing Pollution
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Inspector General
Rereg. & Exped. Proc. Rev Fund
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Envir. Program & Mgmt - Reim
Pesticide Registration Fund
WCF-REIMB
Enforcing Environmental Laws
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Envir. Program & Mgmt - Reim
Superfund Reimbursables
WCF-REIMB
Total
FY2010
Enacted
0.0
0.0
75.5
27.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,692.5
1,908.2
543.0
17.6
167.8
21.9
0.0
0.0
34.1
4,003.2
2,637.6
91.1
5.4
17.3
13.9
1,220.3
0.0
0.0
17.6
17,417.0
FY2010
Actuals
4.1
80.2
85.0
22.8
0.6
0.9
3.8
2,741.0
1,883.5
576.4
10.4
142.1
18.3
10.8
69.0
30.4
3,834.3
2,548.9
85.8
4.4
15.1
7.5
1,147.7
1.5
9.1
14.2
17,277.9
FY2011
Annualized
CR
0.0
0.0
75.5
27.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,692.5
1,908.2
543.0
17.6
167.8
21.9
0.0
0.0
34.1
4,003.2
2,637.6
91.1
5.4
17.3
13.9
1,220.3
0.0
0.0
17.6
17,417.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
0.0
0.0
50.7
24.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,706.4
1,912.6
572.6
21.7
145.0
22.3
0.0
0.0
32.3
3,914.3
2,605.1
91.1
4.5
18.1
17.9
1,161.3
0.0
0.0
16.2
17,202.1
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
11
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop adaptation strategies to address climate change,
and protect and improve air quality.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES:
Reduce the threats posed by climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
taking actions that help communities and ecosystems become more resilient to the effects
of climate change.
Achieve and maintain health-based air pollution standards and reduce risk from toxic air
pollutants and indoor air contaminants.
Restore the earth's stratospheric ozone layer and protect the public from the harmful
effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Minimize unnecessary releases of radiation and be prepared to minimize impacts should
unwanted releases occur.
GOAL, OBJECTIVE SUMMARY
Budget Authority
Full-time Equivalents
(Dollars in Thousands)
Taking Action on Climate
Change and Improving Air
Quality
Address Climate Change
Improve Air Quality
Restore the Ozone Layer
Reduce Unnecessary Exposure to
Radiation
Total Authorized Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$1,130,427.9
$196,886.4
$872,147.1
$18,662.6
$42,731.8
2,735.4
FY 2010
Actuals
$1,161,100.7
$192,779.5
$906,658.7
$19,244.7
$42,417.8
2,714.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$1,130,427.9
$196,886.4
$872,147.1
$18,662.6
$42,731.8
2,735.4
FY2012
Pres Budget
$1,130,919.3
$252,854.4
$820,451.3
$18,159.7
$39,453.9
2,809.2
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$491.4
$55,968.0
($51,695.8)
($502.9)
($3,277.9)
73.8
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
12
-------
Goall
Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop adaptation strategies to address climate
change, and protect and improve air quality.
Introduction
EPA has dedicated itself to protecting and improving the quality of the Nation's air to promote
public health and protect the environment. Air pollution concerns are diverse and significant,
and include: greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change, outdoor and indoor air quality,
radon, stratospheric ozone depletion, and radiation protection.
Since passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments in 1990, nationwide air quality has improved
significantly. Despite this progress, about 127 million Americans (about 40% of the US
population) lived in counties with air that did not meet health-based standards for at least one
pollutant in 2009. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of certain air pollutants has been
associated with increased risk of cancer, premature mortality, and damage to the immune,
neurological, reproductive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Short-term exposure to
elevated levels of certain air pollutants can exacerbate asthma and lead to other adverse health
effects; additional impacts associated with increased air pollution levels include missed work and
school days.
Because people spend much of their lives indoors, the quality of indoor air also is a major
concern. Twenty percent of the population spends the day indoors in elementary and secondary
schools, where problems with leaky roofs and with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
systems can lead to increased presence of molds and other environmental allergens which can
trigger a host of health problems, including asthma and allergies. Exposure to indoor radon is
related to an estimated 20,000 lung cancer deaths each year.
The issues of highest importance facing the air program over the next few years will be ozone
and particulate air pollution, interstate transport of air pollutants, emissions from transportation
sources, toxic air pollutants, indoor air pollutants (including radon), and GHGs. EPA uses a
variety of approaches to reduce pollutants in indoor and outdoor air. The Agency works with
other federal agencies; state, Tribal, and local governments; and international partners and
stakeholders; and employs strategies that include: traditional regulatory tools; innovative,
market-based techniques; public- and private-sector partnerships; community-based approaches;
voluntary programs that promote environmental stewardship; and programs that encourage cost-
effective technologies and practices.
EPA's air toxic control programs are critical to EPA's continued progress in reducing public
health risks and improving the quality of the environment. EPA has been unable to meet many
of the statutory deadlines for air toxics standards established in the Clean Air Act due to
numerous unfavorable court decisions, inherent management challenges, complexity of risk
modeling frameworks, and budget constraints over the past decade as resources have shifted to
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
13
-------
managing criteria pollutants that pose higher overall health risks. Lawsuits over missed
deadlines have in many cases set the Agency's agenda, rather than health and environmental
outcomes. Working with litigants and informed by analysis of air quality health risk data, EPA
is working to prioritize key air toxics regulations for completion in 2011 and 2012 that can be
completed expeditiously and that will address significant risks to the public health.
The supply and diversity of biofuels in America is growing every year, and a new generation of
automobile technologies, including several new plug-in hybrids and all-electric vehicles, is
literally "hitting the road" this year. Because EPA is responsible for establishing the test
procedures needed to estimate the fuel economy of new vehicles, and for verifying car
manufacturers' data on fuel economy, the Agency is investing in additional testing and
certification capacity to ensure that new vehicles, engines, and fuels are in compliance with new
vehicle and fuel standards. In particular, compared to conventional vehicles, advanced
technology vehicles like Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles
(EV) require additional testing. Current electric vehicle dynamometer testing can occupy test
cells for several shifts, since the current test procedures require the vehicles run through their
entire battery charge. Improved, shortened EV test procedures are under development by EPA.
PHEV testing may actually consume more time than EV testing, due primarily to the
requirement that PHEVs be tested in both electric/electric assist mode and in hybrid mode.
Without testing PHEVs in both modes, EPA cannot accurately determine PHEV fuel economy
and emissions compliance. The new standards for vehicle greenhouse gas emissions in particular
will require EPA to more frequently verify car manufacturers' data for a greater variety of
vehicle engine technologies. To prepare for this workload, the Agency will continue its support
of the multi-year National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) modernization
effort.
Major FY 2012 Investment Areas
Air Toxics
In FY 2012, EPA will invest $6.1 million in several activities that support the air toxics program.
$3.1 million will be targeted at improvements in monitoring capabilities on source-specific and
ambient bases. These funds will also improve the dissemination of information between and
amongst the various EPA offices, the state, local and tribal governments, and the public. The
remaining $2.9 million of this investment will be used for enhancing tools such as the National
Air Pollution Assessment (NAPA), National Air Toxic Assessment (NATA), BenMAP, and Air
Facility System (AFS), which will also improve monitoring capabilities. EPA anticipates that
this investment will substantially increase the Agency's ability to meet aggressive court ordered
schedules to complete rulemaking activities, such as standards to address the refining sector
where 25 rules must be acted upon in the fiscal year. This investment will also assist the Agency
in its work to complete or develop an additional 150 rules in FY 2013 that are under legal or
statutory deadlines.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
14
-------
Support for State Air Quality Management
EPA is investing an additional $77 million in state assistance grants to support NAAQS
implementation and greenhouse gas permitting. Specific increases include $25 million to assist
in permitting greenhouse gas emissions sources. These funds will develop and deploy to states
the technical capacity needed to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in permitting under
the Clean Air Act. An additional $52 million will support increased state workload for
implementation of updated National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This investment includes
requested funding of $15 million for additional state air monitors, as required by the revised
NAAQS. The request also includes an additional $37.0 million to support state activities,
including revising state implementation plans (SIPs) and developing models and emissions
inventories needed for multi-state air quality management strategies.
Major FY 2012 Disinvestments and Reductions
In order to promote fiscal responsibility EPA is also making the tough choices, including:
In the face of significant budget constraints, EPA has made the difficult budget decision
to not propose new DERA grant funding in FY 2012. During this time, the program will
continue to support already on-going projects funded through DERA and stimulus funds,
adding to the tremendous public health benefits associated with the program that have
resulted from significant reductions in air pollution, particularly in our cities and around
our ports and transportation hubs.
Discontinuing the Climate Leaders program as large businesses find assistance with their
energy-saving and GHG reducing actions through private entities.
Reducing funding for the Indoor Air program's partnership and outreach to external
stakeholders and for the Radiation and Indoor Environments laboratories.
Priority Goals
EPA has established two Priority Goals to improve the country's ability to measure and control
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The Priority Goals are:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Mandatory Reporting Rule
By June 15, 2011, EPA will make publically available 100 percent of facility-level GHG
emissions data submitted to EPA in accordance with the GHG Reporting Rule, compliant
with policies protecting Confidential Business Information (CBI).
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Light Duty Vehicles
In 2011, EPA, working with DOT, will begin implementation of regulations designed to
reduce the GHG emissions from light duty vehicles sold in the US starting with model
year 2012.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
15
-------
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to track progress towards its Priority Goals and will update goals
as necessary and appropriate.
FY 2012 Activities
Reducing GHG Emissions and Developing Adaptation Strategies to Address Climate Change
Climate change poses risks to public health, the environment, cultural resources, the economy,
and quality of life. Many effects of climate change are already evident and some will persist into
the future regardless of future levels of GHG emissions. Climate change impacts include higher
temperatures and may lead to more stagnant air masses which are expected to make it more
challenging to achieve air quality standards for smog in many regions of the country, adversely
affecting public health if areas cannot attain or maintain clean air. Another example is that a rise
in sea level or increased precipitation intensity may increase flooding, which could affect water
quality if large volumes of water transport contaminants and overload storm and wastewater
systems. In order to protect public health and the environment, EPA and air and water quality
managers at the state, tribal, and local levels must recognize and consider the challenge a
changing climate poses to their mission.
Responding to the threat of climate change is one of the Agency's top priorities. EPA's
strategies to address climate change support the President's GHG emissions reduction goals. We
will work with partners and stakeholders to provide tools and information related to GHG
emissions and impacts, and will reduce GHG emissions domestically and internationally through
cost-effective, voluntary programs while pursuing additional regulatory actions as needed.
In FY 2012, the Agency will begin some new areas of activity, expand some existing strategies,
and discontinue others.
These efforts include:
Implementing new standards to reduce emissions from cars and light-duty trucks for
model years 2012 through 2016, extending that program to model year 2017 and beyond,
and creating a similar program to reduce GHGs from medium- and heavy-duty trucks for
model years 2014-2018.
Establishing permitting requirements for facilities including utilities and refineries that
emit large amounts of GHGs to encourage design and construction of more efficient and
advanced processes that will contribute to a clean energy economy.
Promulgating New Source Performance Standards for greenhouse gases for the electric
utility generation and refinery sectors.
Implementing voluntary programs that reduce GHGs through the greater use of energy
efficient technologies and products.
Implementing a national system for reporting GHG emissions; implementing permitting
requirements for new and modified facilities that emit substantial amounts of GHGs.
Working with Congress on options for cost-effective legislation to promote a clean
energy future and address GHG emissions.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
16
-------
Developing a comprehensive report to Congress on black carbon that will provide a
foundation for evaluating future approaches to black carbon mitigation.
Identifying and assessing substitute chemical and ozone-depleting substances and
processes for their global warming potential.
Educating the public about climate change and actions people can take to reduce GHG
emissions.
Improving Air Quality
Clean Air
Addressing outdoor air pollution and the interstate transport of air pollution are top priorities for
the Agency. Elevated levels of air pollution are linked to thousands of asthma cases and heart
attacks, and almost 2 million lost school or work days. EPA recently strengthened the national
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for lead, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, is in the
process of reviewing the particulate matter and carbon monoxide standards, and is reconsidering
the 2008 ozone standard. Over the next few years, EPA will work with states and Tribes to
designate areas where the air does not meet these standards, and develop and implement plans to
meet the NAAQS. In FY 2011, EPA plans to finalize the Transport Rule, which is expected to
be implemented in FY 2012. This rule will reduce power plant emissions that drift across the
borders of 31 eastern states and the District of Columbia. The new transport rule, along with
local and state air pollution controls, is designed to help areas in the eastern United States meet
existing health standards for ozone and particulate matter. As EPA addresses these pollutants,
the Agency also is working to improve the overall air quality management system and address
the air quality challenges expected over the next 10 to 20 years. This includes working with
partners and stakeholders to develop comprehensive air quality strategies that address multiple
pollutants and consider the interplay between air quality and factors such as land use, energy,
and transportation.
Mobile sources (including light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles; on-road vehicles and off-road
engines; as well as ships, aircraft and trains) contribute a substantial percentage of the nation's
pollution burden. EPA addresses emissions from motor vehicles, engines, and fuels through an
integrated strategy that combines regulatory approaches that take advantage of technological
advances and cleaner and higher-quality fuels with voluntary programs that reduce vehicle,
engine, and equipment activity and emissions. Future regulatory activity includes proposing Tier
3 vehicle and fuel standards in FY 2012 in response to the May 2010 Presidential Directive and
new on-board diagnostic requirements for non-road diesel engines. In the fuels area, EPA is
working with refiners, renewable fuel producers, and others to implement regulations to increase
the amount of renewable fuel blended into gasoline.
Air Toxics
As part of the investment in air toxics, EPA will work with affected communities to address risks
and track progress, with additional emphasis on communities that may be disproportionately
impacted by toxic air emissions. The Agency will continue to work with state and local air
pollution control agencies and community groups to assess and address air toxics emissions in
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
17
-------
areas of greatest concern, including where the most vulnerable members of our population live,
work, and go to school. EPA is implementing a sector-based strategy to develop rules that will
achieve the greatest reductions in risks from air toxics, provide regulatory certainty for sources,
and meet the statutory requirements of the Clean Air Act. The sector-based strategy and the
investment in FY 2012 will assist EPA in addressing 25 rules in the refining sector that are under
legal deadlines and various Risk Technology Reviews (RTR) that are under legal deadlines.
This strategy includes:
Prioritize rules for large stationary sources of air toxics, providing the greatest opportunity
for cost-effective emissions reductions; including petroleum refining; iron and steel;
chemical manufacturing; utilities; non-utility boilers; oil and gas; and Portland cement.
Emissions from every one of these seven key categories occur in areas where there is the
potential to disproportionately affect minority communities.
Reduce air toxic emissions from chemical plants and refineries. While many chemical and
refining emission points are well understood, some sources, such as leaks from process
piping, startups and shutdown, malfunctions, flaring, and wastewater are more difficult to
characterize, and may not be sufficiently controlled.
Provide better information to communities through monitoring, including facility fence line
and remote monitoring, and national assessments.
Involve other related organizations and stakeholders in planning and implementation.
Improve data collection both through efforts directed by OAR and through enhanced data
collection during enforcement activities.
Indoor Air
The Indoor Air Program characterizes the risks of indoor air pollutants to human health including
radon, environmental triggers of asthma, and tobacco smoke; develops techniques for reducing
those risks; and educates the public about indoor air quality (IAQ) actions they can take to
reduce their risks from IAQ problems. Often the people most exposed to indoor air pollutants
are those most susceptible to the effectsthe young, the elderly, and the chronically ill. In FY
2012, funding will be reduced for partnership and outreach support with external stakeholders
and the Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory (R&IE), and the Tools for
Schools program will be eliminated. Despite these reductions, EPA will continue to educate and
encourage individuals, local communities, school officials, industry, the health-care community,
Tribal programs, and others to take action to reduce health risks in indoor environments such as
homes, schools, and workplaces. Outreach includes national public awareness and media
campaigns, as well as community-based outreach and education. EPA also uses technology-
transfer to improve the design, operation, and maintenance of buildings - including schools,
homes, and workplaces - to promote healthier indoor air. The focus of all these efforts is to
support communities' and state and local agencies' efforts to address indoor air quality health
risks.
The Radon Program promotes action to reduce the public's risk to indoor radon (second only to
smoking as a cause of lung cancer). In FY 2012, EPA will reduce regional support for Radon
Program outreach, education, guidance, and technical assistance. Despite these reductions, this
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
18
-------
non-regulatory program will continue to encourage and facilitate national, regional, state, and
Tribal programs and activities that support initiatives targeted to radon testing and mitigation, as
well as to radon resistant new construction. Funding is maintained for the State Indoor Radon
Grant Program, which provides categorical grants to develop, implement, and enhance programs
that assess and mitigate radon risks. In FY 2011, EPA launched a new radon initiative with other
federal agencies to significantly increase attention to radon testing, mitigation and public
education opportunities within each agency's sphere of responsibility. Implementation of these
strategies will be pursued in FY 2012.
Stratospheric Ozone - Domestic and Montreal Protocol
EPA's stratospheric ozone protection program implements the provisions of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 (the Act) and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer (Montreal Protocol), continuing the control and reduction of ozone depleting substances
(ODS) in the U.S. and lowering health risks to the American public. As ODS and many of their
substitutes are also potent GHGs, appropriate control and reduction of these substances also
provides significant benefits for climate protection. The Act provides for a phase out of
production and consumption of ODS and requires controls on their use, including banning
certain emissive uses, requiring labeling to inform consumer choices, and requiring sound
servicing practices for the use of ODS in various products (e.g., air conditioning and
refrigeration). The Act also prohibits venting ODS or their substitutes, including other
Fluorinated gases (F-gases) such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). As a signatory to the Montreal
Protocol, the U.S. is committed to ensuring that our domestic program is at least as stringent as
international obligations and to regulating and enforcing its terms domestically. In FY 2012,
EPA will focus its work to ensure that ODS production and import caps under the Montreal
Protocol and Clean Air Act continue to be met.
Radiation
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to work with other federal agencies, states, Tribes, stakeholders,
and international radiation protection organizations to develop and use voluntary and regulatory
programs, public information, and training to reduce public exposure to radiation. Responding to
advances in uranium production processes and mining operations, the Agency is updating its
radiation protection standards for the uranium fuel cycle, which were developed over 30 years
ago, to ensure that they continue to be protective of public health and the environment. In FY
2012, EPA's Radiological Emergency Response Team (RERT), a component of the Agency's
emergency response structure, will continue to ensure that it maintains and improves the level of
readiness to support federal radiological emergency response and recovery operations under the
National Response Framework (NRF) and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution
Contingency Plan (NCP).
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
19
-------
Research
In FY 2012, EPA is strengthening its planning and delivery of science by implementing a more
integrated research approach that looks at problems systematically instead of individually. This
approach will create synergy and yield benefits beyond those possible from approaches that are
more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or problem areas. EPA is realigning and integrating
the work of twelve of its base research programs into four new research programs (further
described in the Highlighted programs section of the appendix):
Air, Climate, and Energy
Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Chemical Safety and Sustainability
The new Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) program (Figure 1) integrates existing EPA research
programs on environmental and human health impacts related to air pollution, mercury, climate
change, and biofuels. Protecting human health and the environment from the effects of air
pollution and climate change, while sustainably meeting the demands of a growing population
and economy, is critical to the well-being of the nation and the world. As we explore emerging
technologies to reduce emissions, we are challenged by uncertainties surrounding human health
and environmental risks from exposure to an evolving array of air pollutants. This multifaceted
environment reflects the interplay of air quality, the changing climate, and emerging energy
options. By integrating air, climate and energy research EPA will conduct research to
understand the complexity of these interactions and provide models and tools necessary for
communities and for policy makers at all levels of government to make the best decisions.
The ACE research program is working with partners from across EPA, as well as applicable
external stakeholders, to identify the critical science questions that will be addressed under three
major research themes.
Theme 1: Develop and evaluate multi-pollutant, regional, and sector-based approaches
and advance more cost-effective and innovative strategies to reduce air emissions that
adversely affect atmospheric integrity.
Theme 2: Assess the impacts of atmospheric pollution, accounting for interactions
between climate change, air quality, and water quality.
Theme 3: Provide environmental modeling, monitoring, metrics, and information needed
by communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
20
-------
Figure 1: This illustrates the
EPA Research budget under
the FY 2012 Budget Request,
which includes 4 new
integrated programs and
continues 2 programs. The
new integrated Air, Climate
and Energy Research program
will address EPA Strategic
Plan Goal 1: Taking Action on
Climate Change and Ensuring
Air Quality. This budget
structure will maximize the
effectiveness and efficiency of
EPA's new integrated,
transdisciplinary approach to
research, which will catalyze
innovative, sustainable
solutions to the problems
being addressed by our
research partners.
RESEARCH:
EPA Labs, Centers*
Program Offices
INTEGRATED RESEARCH
RESEARCH:
External Research
Partners
In FY 2012, the ACE research program will study the generation, fate, transport, and chemical
transformation of air emissions to identify individual and population health risks. The program
will incorporate air, climate, and biofuel research to ensure the development of sustainable
solutions and attainment of statutory goals in a complex multipollutant environment. The ACE
program will conduct research to better understand and assess the effects of global change on air
quality, water quality, aquatic ecosystems, land use (e.g. for biofuel feedstocks), human health
and social well being and will conduct systems-based sustainability analyses that include
environmental, social and economic dimensions. Research will also determine how the use of
new and existing biofuels will affect critical ecosystem services and human health. The goal of
this work is to explore how modified behaviors and technology designs could decrease the
potential impacts of biofuels. EPA will continue to leverage the success of the Science to
Achieve Results (STAR) grants program, which supports innovative and cutting-edge research
from scientists in academia through a competitive and peer-reviewed grant process that is
integrated with EPA's overall research efforts.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
21
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Protecting America's Waters
Protect and restore our waters to ensure that drinking water is safe, and that aquatic ecosystems
sustain fish, plants and wildlife, and economic, recreational, and subsistence activities.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES:
Reduce human exposure to contaminants in drinking water, fish and shellfish, and
recreational waters, including protecting source waters.
Protect the quality of rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands on a watershed basis, and
protect urban, coastal, and ocean waters.
GOAL, OBJECTIVE SUMMARY
Budget Authority
Full-time Equivalents
(Dollars in Thousands)
Protecting America's
Waters
Protect Human Health
Protect and Restore
Watersheds and Aquatic
Ecosystems
Total Authorized
Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$5,645,339.6
$1,837,338.4
$3,808,001.2
3,501.9
FY 2010
Actuals
$4,989,963.6
$1,614,421.0
$3,375,542.5
3,471.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$5,645,339.6
$1,837,338.4
$3,808,001.2
3,501.9
FY2012
Pres Budget
$4,342,645.5
$1,369,962.1
$2,972,683.4
3,433.9
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($1,302,694.1)
($467,376.3)
($835,317.8)
-68.0
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
22
-------
Goal 2
Protecting America's Waters
Protect and restore our waters to ensure that drinking water is safe, and that aquatic
ecosystems sustain fish, plants and wildlife, and economic, recreational, and subsistence
activities.
Introduction
While much progress has been made, America's waters remain imperiled. From nutrient
loadings and stormwater runoff to invasive species and drinking water contaminants, water
quality and enforcement programs face complex challenges that demand both traditional and
innovative strategies. EPA will work hand-in-hand with states and tribes to develop nutrient
limits and intensify our work to restore and protect the quality of the nation's streams, rivers,
lakes, bays, oceans, and aquifers. We will also use our authority to protect and restore threatened
natural treasures such as the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico; to
address our neglected urban rivers; to ensure safe drinking water; and, to reduce pollution from
nonpoint and industrial dischargers. EPA will continue to work on measures to address post-
construction runoff, water-quality impairments from surface mining, and drinking water
contamination.
Recent national surveys1 have found that our waters are stressed by nutrient pollution, excess
sedimentation, and degradation of shoreline vegetation, which affect upwards of 50 percent of
our lakes and streams. The rate at which new waters are listed for water quality impairments
exceeds the pace at which restored waters are removed from the list. For many years, nonpoint
source pollution, principally nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediments, has been recognized as the
largest remaining impediment to improving water quality. However, pollution discharged from
industrial, municipal, agricultural, and stormwater point sources continue to cause a decline in
the quality of our waters. Other significant contributors include loss of habitat and habitat
fragmentation, and hydrologic alteration.
To continue making progress, the Agency needs effective partnerships with the states, tribes and
communities. We will continue the increased focus on communities, particularly those
disadvantaged communities facing disproportionate impacts or having been historically
underserved.
As part of the Administration's long-term strategy, EPA is implementing a Sustainable Water
Infrastructure Policy that focuses on working with States and Communities to enhance technical,
managerial and financial capacity. Important to the technical capacity will be enhancing
alternatives analysis to expand "green infrastructure" options and their multiple benefits. Future
year budgets for the State Revolving Funds (SRFs) gradually adjust, taking into account
1 U.S. EPA, 2006. Wadeable Streams Assessment: A Collaborative Survey of the Nation's Streams. EPA 841-B-06-002.
Available at http://www.epa.gov/owow/streamsurvey. See also EPA, 2010. National Lakes Assessment: A Collaborative Survey
of the Nation 'sLakes. EPA 841-R-09-001. Available at http://www.epa.gov/lakessurvey/pdf/nla chapter0.pdf.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
23
-------
repayments, through 2016 with the goal of providing, on average, about 5 percent of water
infrastructure spending annually. When coupled with increasing repayments from loans made in
past years by states, the annual funding will allow the SRFs to finance a significant percentage in
clean water and drinking water infrastructure. Federal dollars provided through the SRFs will
act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and ongoing management of sustainable
water infrastructure. Overall, the Administration requests a combined $2.5 billion for the SRFs.
Major FY 2012 Investment Areas
Water Quality
The Section 106 grant program supports prevention and control measures that improve water
quality. In FY 2012, EPA is requesting a total additional investment of $21 million in Section
106 funding of which $18.3 million will strengthen state and interstate programs to address Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), nutrient and wet weather issues. Approximately $2.7 million of
the additional funding will be directed to eligible tribes to meet funding needs for tribal water
quality programs.
Drinking Water
In FY 2012, an additional $5.2 million is being requested to replace obsolete and expensive to
maintain drinking water information system technology, support state data management, develop
the capability to post drinking water compliance monitoring data on a secured internet portal,
facilitate compliance monitoring data collection and transfer, and improve data quality. EPA, in
concert with states, is working to collect and display all compliance monitoring data as part of
the Drinking Water Strategy. This increase will also be used to replace SDWIS-State, reducing
state need to keep individual compliance databases.
Major FY 2012 Disinvestments and Reductions
Reducing funds for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program, while continuing
federal support for safe drinking water, will result in fewer new projects.
Reducing funds for the Clean Water State Revolving Fund, while continuing federal
support clean water infrastructure, will result in fewer projects.
Reducing funds for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, while maintaining a significant
investment in activities such as sediment cleanup and habitat restoration.
Reducing funds for state Nonpoint Source grants will result in 100 to 150 fewer projects
as compared to 716 projects funded in FY 2010.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
24
-------
Priority Goals
EPA has established two Priority Goals to improve water quality. The Priority Goals are:
Improve Water Quality: Chesapeake Bay
Chesapeake Bay watershed states (including the District of Columbia) will develop and
submit approvable Phase I watershed implementation plans by the end of CY 2010 and
Phase II plans by the end of CY 2011 in support of EPA's final Chesapeake Bay Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL).
Improve Water Quality: Drinking Water Standards
Over the next two years, EPA will initiate review/revision of at least 4 drinking water
standards to strengthen public health protection.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to track progress towards its Priority Goals and will update goals
as necessary and appropriate.
FY 2012 Activities
EPA has identified core water program activities within its safe and clean water programs in FY
2012 to highlight three of the Administrator's priority areas: Urban Waters, the Drinking Water
Strategy, and Climate Change.
The National Water Program will continue to place emphasis on watershed stewardship,
watershed-based approaches, water efficiencies, and best practices through Environmental
Management Systems. EPA will specifically focus on green infrastructure, nutrients, and trading
among point sources and non-point sources for water quality upgrades. In FY 2012, the Agency
will continue advancing the water quality monitoring initiative and a water quality standards
strategy under the Clean Water Act, as well as important rules and activities under the Safe
Drinking Water Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and surveillance will help advance
water security nationwide.
In FY 2012, the Agency will begin some new areas of activity, expand some existing strategies,
and discontinue others.
Drinking Water
To help achieve the Administrator's priority to protect America's waters, in FY 2012, EPA will
continue to implement the new Drinking Water Strategy, a new approach to expanding public
health protection for drinking water. The Agency will focus on regulating groups of drinking
water contaminants, improving water treatment technology, utilizing the authority of multiple
statutes where appropriate, and, expanding its communication with states, tribes and
communities to increase confidence in the quality of drinking water.
During FY 2012, EPA, the states, and community water systems will build on past successes
while working toward the FY 2012 goal of assuring that 91 percent of the population served by
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
25
-------
community water systems receives drinking water that meets all applicable health-based
standards. States carry out a variety of activities, such as conducting onsite sanitary surveys of
water systems and working with small systems to improve their capabilities. EPA will work to
improve implementation by providing guidance, training, and technical assistance; ensuring
proper certification of water system operators; promoting consumer awareness of drinking water
safety; and maintaining the rate of system sanitary surveys and onsite reviews to promote
compliance with drinking water standards.
To help ensure that water is safe to drink and because aging drinking water infrastructure can
impact water quality, EPA requests $990 million to continue EPA's commitment for the
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. This request will fund new infrastructure improvement
projects for public drinking water systems. EPA will, in concert with the states, focus this
affordable, flexible financial assistance to support utility compliance with safe drinking water
standards. EPA will also work with utilities to promote technical, financial, and managerial
capacity as a critical means to meet infrastructure needs, and further enhance program
performance and efficiency.
Homeland Security
EPA has a major role in supporting the protection of the nation's critical water infrastructure
from terrorist threats. In FY 2012, EPA will continue efforts towards protecting the nation's
water infrastructure. In FY 2012, the Agency will provide technical support to the existing
Water Security Initiative (WSI) pilots, assist in conducting outreach efforts to migrate lessons
learned from the pilots to the water sector, and develop and execute an approach to promote
national voluntary adoption of effective and sustainable drinking water contamination warning
systems. The FY 2012 request includes $7.3 million for WSI pilot support and evaluation
activities, as well as dissemination of information and transfer of knowledge. Additionally, the
FY 2012 request includes $1.3 million for Water Laboratory Alliance for threat reduction efforts.
Clean Water
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to collaborate with states and tribes to make progress toward
EPA's clean water goals. EPA's FY 2012 request includes a total of $444 million in categorical
grants for clean water programs. EPA will implement core clean water programs and promising
innovations on a watershed basis to accelerate water quality improvements. Building on 30
years of clean water successes, EPA, in conjunction with states and tribes, will implement the
Clean Water Act by focusing on TMDLs and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permits built upon scientifically sound water quality standards, technology-based
pollutant discharge limits, effective water monitoring, strong programs for controlling nonpoint
sources of pollution, stringent discharge permit programs, and revolving fund capitalization
grants to our partners to build, revive, and "green" our aging infrastructure.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
26
-------
WQ-8a
# of TMDLs that are established or approved by EPA
[Total TMDLs] on a schedule consistent with national
policy (cumulative)
50000
I Annual Target
I End-of-Year Results
2006
2007
2008 2009
2010
The Agency's FY 2012 request continues the monitoring initiative begun in 2005 to strengthen
the nationwide monitoring network and complete statistically-valid surveys of the nation's
waters. The results of these efforts are scientifically-defensible water quality data and
information essential for cleaning up and protecting the nation's waters. Progress in improving
coastal and ocean waters documented in the National Coastal Condition Report, will focus on
assessing coastal conditions, reducing vessel discharges, implementing coastal nonpoint source
pollution programs, managing dredged material and supporting international marine pollution
control. EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water State Revolving
Fund (CWSRF) to enable EPA partners to improve wastewater treatment, non-point sources of
pollution, and estuary revitalization. Realizing the long-term benefits derived from the CWSRF,
EPA is continuing our CWSRF commitment by requesting $1.55 billion in FY 2012.
By integrating sustainable community efforts and urban water quality efforts, EPA plans to assist
communities, particularly underserved communities, in restoring their urban waters. EPA will
help communities become active participants in restoration and protection by helping to increase
their awareness and stewardship of local urban waters. Safe and clean urban waters can enhance
economic, educational, recreational, and social opportunities. By linking water quality
improvement activities to these community priorities and partnering with federal, state, local,
and non-governmental partners, EPA will help to sustain local commitment over the longer time
frame that is required for water quality improvement. In FY 2012, EPA will provide grants to
reconnect communities with their local urban waters and engage them in local restoration efforts.
Focus areas may include: promoting green infrastructure to reduce contaminated, urban runoff;
promoting volunteer monitoring; and tailoring outreach to communities. As urban waters impact
large populations in both urban and upstream areas, this grants program will offer visibility to
innovative approaches for water quality improvement that can be adapted in surrounding
communities, thus promoting replication of successful practices.
EPA will continue to address climate change impacts to water resource programs as well as to
mitigate greenhouse gas emissions resulting from water activities by building capacity to
consider climate change as core missions under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
27
-------
Act are implemented. Climate change will exacerbate water quality stressors such as stormwater
and nutrient pollution and could add new stressors such as those related to the expanding
renewable energy development. WaterSense, Climate Ready Estuaries, Climate Ready Water
Utilities and Green Infrastructure are examples of programs that will help stakeholders adapt to
climate change in FY 2012, and programs targeted at vulnerable populations will be increasingly
important. Efforts to incorporate climate change considerations into key programs will help
protect water quality as well as the nation's investment in drinking water and wastewater
treatment infrastructure.
Geographic Water Programs
The Administration has launched numerous cross-agency collaborations to promote coordination
among agencies toward achieving Presidential priorities, which include a suite of large aquatic
ecosystem restoration efforts. Three prominent examples of this kind of cross-agency
collaboration for EPA are cooperative restoration efforts in the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay
and the Gulf of Mexico. These three large water bodies have been exposed to substantial
pollution over many years and a coordinated federal response is critical for maintaining progress
on environmental priorities. Coastal estuaries and wetlands are also vulnerable. Working with
stakeholders, EPA has established special programs to protect and restore each of these unique
resources.
EPA's ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that address
specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems, such as urban waters,
estuaries, and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined with pollution carried by rivers
and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate in these ecosystems and degrade them
over time. EPA and Federal partners will continue to coordinate with States, Tribes,
municipalities, and industry to restore the integrity of imperiled waters of the United States.
Great Lakes:
EPA is providing $350 million in funding for ecosystem restoration efforts for the Great Lakes,
the largest freshwater system in the world. This EPA-led interagency effort to restore the Great
Lakes focuses on priority environmental issues such as contaminated sediments and toxics,
nonpoint source pollution, habitat degradation and loss, and invasive species.
To restore and protect this national treasure, the Obama Administration developed the Great
Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI). Led by EPA, the GLRI invests in the region's
environmental and public health through a coordinated interagency process. Principal agencies
involved in the GLRI are USD A, NOAA, HHS, DHS, HUD, DOS, DOD-Army, DOI, and DOT.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to lead the implementation of the Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative, implementing both federal projects and projects with states, tribes, municipalities,
universities, and other organizations. Progress will continue in each of the GLRI's five focus
areas through implementation of on-the-ground actions. The GLRI provides the level of
investment and the interagency coordination required to successfully address these five issues
across the region. The initiative will specifically target work to restore beneficial uses in Areas
of Concern, including Great Lakes Legacy Act projects, nearshore work, and habitat restoration,
prioritizing delistings of Areas of Concern.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
28
-------
The initiative identifies $350 million for programs and projects strategically chosen to target the
most significant environmental problems in the Great Lakes ecosystem, a $125 million decrease
from FY 2010, the first year of the initiative. The initiative will implement the most important
projects for Great Lakes Restoration and achieve visible results. FY 2012 activities will
emphasize implementation and include grants to implement the Initiative by funding states,
tribes and other partners. EPA expects substantial progress within each of the Initiative's focus
areas by focusing on the following actions within them:
Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern: EPA is working closely with non-Federal
partners to address beneficial use impairments in areas of concern including Great Lakes
Legacy Act clean-ups of contaminated sediments.
Invasive Species: GLRI has supported priority Asian Carp work including^ the installation of
structures by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USAGE) at the electric barrier site to
reduce the risk of bypass by Asian carpj and Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and Illinois
Department of Natural Resource efforts to detect and remove Asian Carp from the system.
As needed, GLRI will invest in additional efforts to keep Asian Carp from becoming
established in the Great Lakes while continuing to address Invasive Species -priorities such
as the development of Ballast Water Treatment technologies; assistance to states and
communities in preventing the introduction of invasive species and controlling existing
populations; establishing early detection and rapid response capabilities; and the
implementation of Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plans by the FWS partnership.
Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source: Targeted watershed plan implementation will be
undertaken by EPA, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS), FWS, USGS, state programs, and tribal governments. Additionally, GLRI
funds have been marked for NRCS to work directly with agricultural producers in specific,
high priority watersheds to install conservation practices on their operations to reduce soil
erosion and non-point source nutrient loading to waters of the Great Lakes Basin.
Habitat and Wildlife Protection and Restoration: GLRI funding has been targeted for
FWS efforts to fund projects related to species and habitat management such as restoring
wetlands, improving the hydrology of Great Lakes tributaries, reforesting habitats, reducing
impacts of invasive species, and creating and/or improving corridors between habitats.
Additionally, NRCS supports habitat restoration and protection efforts of agricultural lands
through the programs such as the Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program
Accountability, Education, Monitoring, Evaluation, Communication, and Partnerships:
EPA's National Coastal Condition Assessment will provide a framework and organization
for a Comprehensive Great Lakes Coastal Assessment that will establish baseline conditions
of environmental quality and variability of the near-shore waters, bottom substrate, and biota.
All agencies will participate in the Great Lakes Accountability System where partner
agencies will report quality controlled information regularly on GLRI progress in meeting the
objectives and targets of this Action Plan.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
29
-------
EPA expects to reach a target of 23.9 using a 40.0 scale for improving the overall ecosystem
health of the Great Lakes by preventing water pollution and protect aquatic systems. Also by FY
2012, EPA expects to have removed 26 beneficial use impairments from AOCs within the basin.
Chesapeake Bay:
Increased funding for the Chesapeake Bay will support Bay watershed States as they implement
their plans to reduce nutrient and sediment pollution in an unprecedented effort to restore this
economically important ecosystem. President Obama's 2009 Executive Order (EO) tasked a
team of federal agencies to draft a way forward for protection and restoration of the Chesapeake
watershed. This teamthe Federal Leadership Committee (FLC) for the Chesapeake Bayis
chaired by the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and includes senior
representatives from the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Homeland Security,
Interior and Transportation.
The FLC developed the Strategy for Protecting and Restoring the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.,
which was released in May 2010. Work that has taken place under the EO can be categorized
according to the Goal Areas and Supporting Strategies identified in the EO Strategy, specifically
around its four "Goal Areas" of work:
Restore Water Quality: Examples of efforts in this area include: EPA issuance of a TMDL
for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment to meet water quality standards; USDA development
of suites of conservation practices to improve water quality and targeting of technical and
financial assistance in high-priority watersheds; EPA/DOI/NOAA research and partnerships
to address toxic pollutant contamination in the Bay.
Restore Habitat: Examples of efforts in this area include: the partnership among USFWS,
NOAA, USGS, NRCS, FHWA, and NPS to restore and enhance wetlands and to conduct
supporting research; the partnership among USDA, USFS, and USFWS to restore riparian
forest buffers; work by USFWS, NOAA, and NRCS to restore historical fish migratory
routes; and work by Federal agencies in general, including USFWS, USGS, NOAA, EPA,
USAGE, NRCS, and USFS, to strengthen science support for habitat restoration.
Sustain Fish and Wildlife: Examples of efforts in this area include: work by NOAA and the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) to restore native oyster habitat and populations;
NOAA's work to rebuild the blue crab population target; work by USFWS, USFS, and
NOAA to restore brook trout, black duck, and other species; NRCS's work to support the
establishment and protection of terrestrial habitat on private lands; the partnership among
NOAA, USAGE, USFWS, USGS, states and local organizations to strengthen science
support to sustain fish and wildlife.
Conserve Land and Increase Public Access: Examples of efforts in this area include:
collaboration among DOI, USDA, NOAA, DOT, DOD, states and local agencies on the
launch of a Chesapeake Treasured Landscape Initiative; work by NPS, USFWS, USDA,
NOAA, USGS, DOT, and HUD on coordinated conservation actions, watershed-wide GIS-
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
30
-------
based land conservation targeting system, and developing integrated transportation, land use,
housing and water infrastructure plans for smart growth.
The $67.4 million Chesapeake Bay program FY 2012 budget request will allow EPA to continue
to implement the President's Executive Order (E.O.) on Chesapeake Bay Protection and
Restoration, to implement the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), to
facilitate coordination of goals and activities of federal, state and local partners in the
Chesapeake Bay watershed, to support the Chesapeake Bay jurisdictions in implementing the
TMDL, to assist program partners in their protection and restoration efforts, to increase the
accountability and transparency of the program, to continue responding to oversight reports, and
to address other priority initiatives as they arise.
The Chesapeake Bay TMDL, the nation's largest and most complex TMDL, will necessitate
significant scientific, technical, and programmatic support to states and local jurisdictions in
developing and implementing the most appropriate programs for meeting their responsibilities
under the TMDL allocations. EPA has engaged multiple programs and offices to provide the
regulatory, legal, enforcement, and technical support necessary to meet these challenges.
EPA is committed to its ambitious long-term goals of 100 percent attainment of dissolved
oxygen standards in waters of the Chesapeake Bay and 185,000 acres of submerged aquatic
vegetation (SAV). Along with its federal and state partners, EPA has stated its intention to
establish two-year milestones for all actions needed to restore water quality, habitats, and fish
and shellfish.
Other Geographic Programs:
In FY 2012 EPA will continue cooperation with federal, state and Tribal governments and other
stakeholders toward achieving the national goal of no net loss of wetlands under the Clean Water
Action Section 404 regulatory program. The FY 2012 budget request for NEPs and coastal
watersheds is $27.1 million to help accomplish a target of 100,000 acres protected or restored
within National Estuary Program study areas.
After the recent catastrophe from the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, President Obama signed
Executive Order 13554 which established the Gulf Coat Ecosystem Restoration Task Force,
chaired by EPA Administrator Jackson. The Task Force will serve as the Federal lead in Gulf
Coast restoration, building off of the tremendous early efforts of the Working Group, the Gulf of
Mexico Alliance, and others, while working to assist the Deepwater Horizon NRD Trustee
Council. The Trustee Council will focus on restoring, rehabilitating, or replacing the natural
resources damaged by the oil spill, while the Task Force and its Federal agency partners will
focus their individual efforts on the broader suite of impacts afflicting the Gulf Coast region.
The Task Force will provide a broad vision and strategy to guide federal cooperative efforts to
address the degradation of this region and to reverse longstanding problems that have contributed
to its decline.
The Executive Order tasked the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force with developing a
Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy within one year. The Strategy will
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
31
-------
identify major policy areas where coordinated Federal-state action is necessary and will also
consider existing restoration planning efforts in the region to identify planning gaps and
restoration needs, both on a state-by-state basis and on a broad regional scale, setting milestones
and performance indicators by which to measure progress of the long-term restoration effort.
This strategy, combined with the NRD restoration plan, will likely serve to inform Federal
investments in ecosystem restoration in the Gulf region over the next decade. EPA will provide
assistance to other federal, state, and local partners to ensure that the water, wetlands, and
beaches will be restored, and the surrounding communities will be revitalized.
As a complement to the Agency's actions in the immediate Gulf coast, EPA's Mississippi River
Basin program will address excessive nutrient loadings that contribute to water quality
impairments in the basin and, ultimately, to hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Working
with the Gulf Hypoxia Task Force, Gulf of Mexico Alliance and other states within the
Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basins, and other federal agencies, EPA will help target efforts
within 2-3 critical watersheds to implement effective strategies that can yield significant progress
in addressing nonpoint source nutrient pollution.
Research
In FY 2012, EPA is strengthening its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach that looks at problems systematically instead of individually. This
approach will allow EPA to consider a broader set of issues and objectives while bridging
traditional scientific disciplines. EPA is realigning and integrating the work of twelve of its base
research programs into four new research programs (as discussed further in the Goal 1 overview
and appendix):
Air, Climate, and Energy
Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Chemical Safety and Sustainability
EPA will use these integrated research programs to develop a deeper understanding of our
environmental challenges and inform sustainable solutions to meet our strategic goals. In FY
2012, the Agency proposes to realign elements of the Water Quality and Drinking Water
research programs into the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research (SSWR) Program.
Increased demands, land use practices, population growth, aging infrastructure, and climate
variability, pose challenges to our nation's water resources. Such competing interests require the
development of innovative new solutions for water resource managers and other decision
makers. To address these challenges, EPA research will enable the following in FY 2012:
Protection and restoration of watersheds to provide water quality necessary for sustained
ecosystem health.
Treatment technologies and management strategies needed to ensure water is safe to
drink.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
32
-------
Water infrastructure capable of the sustained delivery of safe water, providing for the
removal and treatment of wastewater consistent with its sustainable and safe re-use, and
management of stormwater in a manner that values it as a resource and a component of
sustainable water resources.
The new SSWR research program will address and adapt to future water resources management
needs to ensure that natural and engineered water systems have the capacity and resiliency to
meet current and future water needs to support the range of growing water-use and ecological
requirements.
Through the SSWR program, the research program is investing an additional $6.1 million to
address potential water supply endangerments associated with hydraulic fracturing (HF).
Congress has urged EPA to conduct this research, which supports the Agency's efforts to ensure
the protection of our aquifers. The Agency proposes to conduct additional case studies on a
greater number of geographic and geologic situations to reflect the range of conditions under
which HF operates, and on FTP practices that will help more fully characterize the factors that
may lead to risks to public health. In addition, the Agency will develop models to assess risk to
water resources based on geologic, geographic, hydrologic, toxicological and biogeochemical
factors and thus support identification of situations that could be more susceptible to infiltration
from hydraulic fracturing fluids.
Within the SSWR program, green infrastructure research will continue to assess, develop, and
compile scientifically rigorous tools and models that will be used by EPA's Office of Water,
states, and municipalities. EPA will continue to leverage the success of the Science to Achieve
Results (STAR) grants program, which supports innovative and cutting-edge research from
scientists in academia through a competitive and peer-reviewed grant process that is integrated
with EPA's overall research efforts.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
33
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
Clean up communities, advance sustainable development, and protect disproportionately
impacted low-income, minority, and tribal communities. Prevent releases of harmful substances
and clean up and restore contaminated areas.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES:
Support sustainable, resilient, and livable communities by working with local, state,
tribal, and federal partners to promote smart growth, emergency preparedness and
recovery planning, brownfield redevelopment, and the equitable distribution of
environmental benefits.
Conserve resources and prevent land contamination by reducing waste generation,
increasing recycling, and ensuring proper management of waste and petroleum products.
Prepare for and respond to accidental or intentional releases of contaminants and clean up
and restore polluted sites.
Support federally-recognized tribes to build environmental management capacity, assess
environmental conditions and measure results, and implement environmental programs in
Indian country.
GOAL, OBJECTIVE SUMMARY
Budget Authority
Full-time Equivalents
(Dollars in Thousands)
Cleaning Up Our Communities
Promote Sustainable and Livable
Communities
Preserve Land
Restore Land
Strengthen Human Health and
Environmental Protection in
Indian Country
Total Authorized Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$2,075,066.9
$522,238.6
$273,342.2
$1,198,659.5
$80,826.6
4,483.9
FY2010
Actuals
$2,232,328.3
$556,970.1
$273,545.2
$1,316,495.2
$85,317.7
4,517.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$2,073,066.9
$520,238.6
$273,342.2
$1,198,659.5
$80,826.6
4,483.9
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$2,017,061.5
$504,464.9
$264,903.3
$1,133,624.1
$114,069.2
4,338.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($58,005.4)
($17,773.7)
($8,438.9)
($65,035.4)
$33,242.6
-145.6
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
34
-------
GoalS
Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
Clean up communities, advance sustainable development, and protect disproportionately
impacted low-income, minority, and tribal communities. Prevent releases of harmful
substances and clean up and restore contaminated areas.
Introduction
Land is one of America's most valuable resources and EPA strives to clean up communities to
create a safer environment for all Americans. Hazardous and non-hazardous wastes on the land
can migrate to the air, groundwater and surface water, contaminating drinking water supplies,
causing acute illnesses or chronic diseases, and threatening healthy ecosystems in urban, rural,
and suburban areas. EPA will continue efforts to prevent and reduce the risks posed by releases
of harmful substances to land; to clean up communities; to strengthen state and Tribal
partnerships; and to expand the conversation on environmentalism and work for environmental
justice. The Agency also will work to advance sustainable development and to protect
disproportionately impacted low-income, minority, and Tribal communities through outreach
and protection efforts for communities historically underrepresented in EPA decision-making.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to work collaboratively with state and Tribal partners to prevent
and reduce exposure to contaminants. Improved compliance at high risk oil and chemical
facilities through rulemaking and increased inspections will help prevent exposure by
encouraging compliance with environmental regulations. This is another focus of the FY 2012
investments. In order to address exposures to releases that have already occurred and/or will
occur in the future, EPA will continue implement the Integrated Cleanup Initiative (ICI)
program. The purpose of ICI is to coordinate the relevant tools available in each of the clean-up
programs in order to accelerate the pace of cleanups in the most effective and efficient manner to
appropriately service communities. These efforts will be supported by sound scientific data,
research, and cost-effective tools that alert EPA to emerging issues and inform Agency decisions
on managing materials and addressing contaminated properties.
Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the heart of
EPA's community-centered work. Challenging and complex environmental problems, such as
contaminated soil, sediment, and groundwater that can cause human health concerns, persist at
many contaminated properties. The burden of a single blighted and contaminated site, or
multiple blighted and contaminated sites concentrated within an area, can weigh down an entire
community. Oftentimes, there is no obvious reuse for a contaminated property and communities
struggle with what will happen at the site. This dilemma results in long-term environmental and
economic community distress. As multiple sites are often connected through infrastructure and
geographic location, approaching the assessment and cleanup needs of the entire area can be
more effective than focusing on individual sites in isolation of the surrounding area.
Many communities across the country regularly face risks posed by intentional and accidental
releases of harmful substances into the environment. EPA and its state partners issue, update, or
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
35
-------
maintain RCRA permits for approximately 2,500 hazardous waste facilities. In addition, there
are over 1,627 sites total on NPL nationwide. Contaminants at these hazardous waste sites are
often complex chemical mixtures affecting multiple environmental media. In other words,
operations at a site may have contaminated groundwater, surface water, and soil, at times also
impacting indoor and outdoor air quality. The precise impact of many contaminant mixtures on
human health remains uncertain; however, substances commonly found at Superfund sites have
been linked to a variety of human health problems, such as birth defects, infertility, cancer, and
changes in neurobehavioral functions. In FY 2012, EPA will continue its work to cleanup,
redevelop, and revitalize contaminated sites.
There is a critical need for the Agency to increase its capacity to prevent and respond to
accidental releases of harmful substances, including oil spills, by developing clear authorities,
training personnel, and providing proper equipment. Recent spills and releases at oil and
chemical facilities have resulted in human injuries and deaths, severe environmental damage, and
great financial loss. The BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill disaster resulted in 11 deaths,
millions of gallons of spilled oil, and untold environmental damage. Likewise, accidents
reported to EPA by the current universe of Risk Management Program (RMP) facilities have
resulted in over 40 worker deaths, nearly 1,500 worker injuries, more than 300,000 people
sheltered in place, and more than $1 billion in on-site and off-site damages. EPA will increase
its capacity for compliance monitoring and inspections at these facilities in FY 2012.
Major FY 2012 Investment Areas
Regaining Ground: Increasing Compliance in High Risk Oil and Chemical Facilities
The Oil Spill program helps protect U.S. waters by effectively preventing, preparing for,
responding to, and monitoring oil spills. EPA also works with state and local partners through
the State and Local Prevention and Preparedness Program to help protect the public and the
environment from catastrophic releases of hazardous substances that occur at chemical facilities.
EPA currently conducts over 550 inspections at chemical facilities per year (approximately 5
percent of the universe of RMP facilities in non-delegated states) and 1,100 SPCC inspections
and 250 FRP inspections and drills at oil facilities per year (0.2 percent of the universe of
640,000 SPCC facilities, 6 percent at FRP facilities). In FY 2012, the Agency will expand its
current prevention activities at high risk oil and chemical facilities by investing $1 million and 5
FTE to increase oversight of high risk chemical facilities; $5.1 million and 16 FTE to increase
inspections of high risk oil facilities; and $1.4 million and 1 FTE to improve compliance and
develop a new database as part of leveraging technology to enhance EPA's compliance efforts
under the Regaining Ground: Increasing Compliance in Critical Areas initiative.
Support for Tribes
As the largest single source of EPA funding to tribes, the Tribal General Assistance Program
(GAP) provides grants to build capacity to administer environmental programs that may be
authorized by EPA in Indian country. These grants provide technical assistance in the
development of programs to address environmental issues on Indian lands. An $8.5 million
increase to funding for GAP grants will build tribal capacity and assists tribes in leveraging other
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
36
-------
EPA and federal funding to contribute towards a higher overall level of environmental and
human health protection.
Many tribes have expressed the need to start implementing high priority environmental
programs, but GAP funding may only be used for capacity building. Increasing GAP grant
funding will allow tribes to continue to develop stronger, more sustainable environmental
programs, while allowing more tribes to take advantage of the new multi-media tribal
implementation program. The $20 million investment in a new multi-media tribal
implementation grant program will support tribes in addressing individual tribe's most serious
environmental needs through the implementation of environmental programs and projects, an
ongoing top priority for both tribes and the Agency.
Major FY 2012 Disinvestments and Reductions
In order to promote fiscal responsibility EPA is also making the tough choices, including:
Reducing FTE and funding for waste minimization activities as the program is redirected to
sustainable materials management and existing efforts aimed at promoting the reduction,
reuse and recycling of municipal solid waste and industrial materials are discontinued or
scaled back.
Reducing resources devoted to Regional response activities under the Superfund Emergency
Response and Removal program, continuing to focus on encouraging PRPs to conduct
removal actions and looking for ways to find efficiencies and lessen the impact of the
reduction.
Reducing Federal Facilities and Restoration Program work at non-NPL sites cleaned up by
other federal agencies and focusing efforts on meeting statutory oversight responsibilities at
federal NPL sites.
Reducing Superfund remedial construction funding which may have the effect of postponing
new remedial construction starts, slowing down the pace of ongoing construction projects,
and delaying certain site assessment and characterization projects. EPA is exploring program
efficiencies that may be achieved to limit the impact of this reduction.
Decreasing funding for the Agency's homeland security response and preparedness program
while maintaining the current level of preparedness.
Priority Goal
EPA has established a Priority Goal to highlight progress made under the Brownfields Area-
Wide Planning Pilot Program. The Priority Goal is:
By 2012 EPA will have initiated 20 enhanced Brownfields community level projects that will
include a new area-wide planning effort to benefit under-served and economically
disadvantaged communities. This will allow those communities to assess and address a single
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
37
-------
large or multiple Brownfields sites within their boundaries, thereby advancing area-wide
planning to enable redevelopment of Brownfields properties on a broader scale. EPA will
provide technical assistance, coordinate its enforcement, water and air quality programs, and
work with other Federal agencies, states, tribes and local governments to implement
associated targeted environmental improvements identified in each community's area-wide
plan.
EPA awarded Brownfields Area-Wide Planning assistance to 23 pilot communities in FY 2011.
Consistent with EPA's Priority Goal commitment, throughout FY 2012 the 23 pilot communities
will continue to use the grant and/or direct contract assistance they received from EPA to initiate
development of a brownfields area-wide plan and determine the next steps and resources needed
to implement the plan. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to track progress towards its priority
goals and will update goals as necessary and appropriate.
FY 2012 Activities
Work under this Goal supports 4 objectives: 1) Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities,
2) Preserve Land; 3) Restore Land; and 4) Strengthen Human Health and Environmental
Protection in Indian Country. It is also supported by science and research to enhance and
strengthen these objectives.
Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to use several approaches to promote sustainable, healthier
communities and protect vulnerable populations and disproportionately impacted low-income,
minority, and tribal communities. The Agency especially is concerned about threats to sensitive
populations, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases.
Brownfields:
EPA's Brownfields program supports states, local communities, and Tribes in their efforts to
assess and clean up potentially contaminated and lightly contaminated sites within their
jurisdiction. This support includes emphasis and participation in Administration-wide initiatives
such as the America's Great Outdoors (AGO) initiative (promoting urban parks and greenways)
and the Partnership for Sustainable Communities (supporting area-wide planning for sustainable
redevelopment). EPA will provide technical assistance for Brownfields redevelopment in cities
in transition which are areas struggling with high unemployment as a result of structural changes
to their economies. In addition, the Brownfields program works closely with EPA's Smart
Growth program to address critical issues for Brownfields redevelopment, including land
assembly, development permitting issues, financing, parking and street standards, accountability
to uniform systems of information for land use controls, and other factors that influence the
economic viability of Brownfields redevelopment. The best practices, tools, and lessons learned
from the smart growth program will directly inform and assist EPA's efforts to increase area-
wide planning for assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment of Brownfields sites.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
38
-------
Smart Growth:
The Agency's Smart Growth Program works across and within EPA and other federal agencies
to help communities grow in ways that strengthen their economies, protect the environment, and
preserve their heritage. This program focuses on streamlining, concentrating, and leveraging
state and federal assistance in places with the greatest need. By concentrating and leveraging
federal and state resources in areas with specific needs, EPA hopes to create an inviting
atmosphere for economic development on which urban, suburban, and rural communities can
capitalize. In FY 2012, EPA will continue its strong support for the Federal DOT, HUD, and
EPA Partnership for Sustainable Communities, promote smart growth, and provide green
building technical assistance to states and local communities. EPA will also continue to develop
additional tools to best assist communities, particularly those that are disadvantaged or have been
adversely impacted by contamination and environmental degradation, in implementing
sustainable community strategies and approaches.
Environmental Justice:
EPA is committed to ensuring environmental justice regardless of race, color, national origin, or
income. Recognizing that minority and/or low-income communities frequently may be exposed
disproportionately to environmental harm and risks, the Agency works to protect these
communities from adverse health and environmental effects and to ensure they are given the
opportunity to participate meaningfully in environmental decisions, including clean-ups. In FY
2012, EPA's Environmental Justice (EJ) program will intensify its efforts to incorporate
environmental justice considerations in the rulemaking process. An ongoing challenge for EPA
has been to develop rules that implement existing statutory authority while working to reduce
disproportionate exposure and impacts from multiple sources. In FY 2012, the EJ program will
work to apply effective methods suitable for decision-making involving disproportionate
environmental health impacts on minority, low-income, and Tribal populations. EPA is also
working on technical guidance to support the integration of EJ considerations in analysis that
support EPA's actions.
Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE):
In FY 2012, EPA will continue its successful and innovative Community Action for a Renewed
Environment (CARE) program to assist distressed communities in addressing critical human
health and environmental risks. Since its launch in 2005, the CARE program has awarded 91
grants to communities across 39 states to address key environmental priorities and achieved
results in predominantly environmental justice communities. Since CARE is a multi-media
program, projects often address more than one medium. To date, Fifty percent of the grants have
addressed air pollution; 50 percent chemical safety; 30 percent cleanup of contaminated lands;
30 percent water issues; and 25 percent climate change. With the FY 2012 funding, the CARE
program will reach approximately 10 new communities. EPA will provide technical support for
underserved and other communities, help them use collaborative processes to select and
implement local actions, and award federal funding for projects to reduce exposure to pollutants
and local environmental problems. Under this program, EPA will create - and in several
Regions pilot - a Partners Program to provide technical support and access to EPA programs
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
39
-------
while outside organizations provide funding to the community. The Partners Program will
provide the opportunity to leverage EPA's investment and allow CARE to reach more
communities than EPA could with increased grant funding alone.
U.S.-Mexico Border:
The U.S.-Mexico Border region hosts a growing population of more than 14.6 million people,
posing unique drinking water and wastewater infrastructure shortages. In addition, 432 thousand
of the over 14 million people in the region live in 1,200 colonias which are unincorporated
communities characterized by substandard housing and unsafe drinking water. The Border 2012
framework agreement is intended to protect the environment and public health along the U.S.-
Mexico Border region, consistent with the principles of sustainable development. The key areas
of focus for EPA's Border 2012 Program continue to include: 1) increasing access to drinking
water and wastewater infrastructure; 2) building greenhouse gas (GHG) information capacity and
expanding voluntary energy efficiency reduction programs to achieve GHG reduction; 3)
developing institutional capacity to manage municipal solid waste; 4) piloting projects that
reduce exposure to pesticides; 5) conducting bi-national emergency preparedness training and
exercises at sister cities; and 6) continuing to test and update the emergency notification
mechanism between Mexico and the United States. In addition, in FY 2012, EPA also will focus
its efforts towards the development of the next generation of the Border program.
Preserve and Restore Land
EPA leads the country's activities to prevent and reduce the risks posed by releases of harmful
substances and to preserve and restore land with effective waste management and cleanup
methods. In FY 2012, the Agency is requesting $1.4 billion to continue to apply the most
effective approach to preserve and restore land by developing and implementing prevention
programs, improving response capabilities, and maximizing the effectiveness of response and
cleanup actions. This approach will help ensure that human health and the environment are
protected and that land is returned to beneficial use.
In FY 2012, EPA also will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land:
reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing spills
and releases of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties. The Agency especially
is concerned about threats to sensitive populations, such as children, the elderly, and individuals
with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups accordingly.3
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, or
Superfund) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) provide legal authority
for EPA's work to protect the land. The Agency and its partners use Superfund authority to
clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites, allowing land to be returned to
http://wwwborderhealth.org/border_region.php
3 Additional information on these programs can be found at: www. epa. go v/superfund,
http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/er cleanup.htm, http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/, http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/,
http://www.epa.gov/swerustl/, http://www.epa.gov/swerffrr/ and http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
40
-------
productive use. Under RCRA, EPA works in partnership with states and tribes to address risks
associated with leaking underground storage tanks and to manage solid and hazardous waste.
In FY 2012, EPA will work to preserve and restore the nation's land by ensuring proper
management of waste and petroleum products, reducing waste generation, increasing recycling
and by strengthening its cleanup programs and oversight of oil and chemical facilities. These
efforts are integrated with the Agency's efforts to promote sustainable and livable communities.
EPA's land program activities for FY 2012 include seven broad efforts: 1) Integrated Cleanup
Initiative; 2) Land Cleanup and Revitalization; 3) RCRA Waste Management and Corrective
Action; 4) Recycling and Waste Minimization; 5) Underground Storage Tanks management; 6)
Oil Spills and Chemical Safety, and 7) Homeland Security.
Integrated Cleanup Initiative:
In an effort to improve the accountability, transparency, and effectiveness of EPA's cleanup
programs, EPA initiated the Integrated Cleanup Initiative (ICI), a multi-year effort to better use
the most appropriate assessment and cleanup authorities to address a greater number of sites,
accelerate cleanups, and put those sites back into productive use while protecting human health
and the environment. By bringing to bear the relevant tools available in each of the cleanup
programs, including enforcement, EPA will better leverage the resources available to address
needs at individual sites. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to examine all aspects of the cleanup
programs, identifying key process improvements and enhanced efficiencies. In addition, in order
to better measure the performance and progress made in advancing cleanups and addressing
potentially contaminated sites, EPA developed two new performance measures under ICI that
will support comprehensive management of the cleanup life cycle: Site Assessments (to track all
of the sites for which EPA performs an assessment of environmental condition) and Remedial
Action Project Completions (to track the progress in completing phases of constructing the
remedy at Superfund sites). When added to the existing suite of performance measures, EPA's
measures now address three critical points in the cleanup processstarting, advancing, and
completing site cleanup.
EPA also will implement its Community Engagement Initiative designed to enhance involvement
with local communities and stakeholders so that they may meaningfully participate in decisions
on land cleanup, emergency response, and management of hazardous substances and waste. The
goals of this initiative are to ensure transparent and accessible decision-making processes,
deliver information that communities can use to participate meaningfully, and help EPA produce
outcomes that are more responsive to community perspectives and that ensure timely cleanup
decisions.
Land Cleanup and Revitalization:
In addition to promoting sustainable and livable communities, EPA's cleanup programs (e.g.,
Superfund Remedial, Superfund Federal Facilities Response, Superfund Emergency Response
and Removal, RCRA Corrective Action, Brownfields, and Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
(LUST) Cooperative Agreements) and their partners are taking proactive steps to facilitate the
cleanup and revitalization of contaminated properties. In FY 2012, the Agency will continue to
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
41
-------
help communities clean up and revitalize these once productive properties by removing
contamination, helping limit urban sprawl, fostering ecologic habitat enhancements, enabling
economic development, taking advantage of existing infrastructure, and maintaining or
improving quality of life. In addition, EPA will continue to support the RE-Powering America's
Land initiative4 in partnership with the Department of Energy. These projects advance cleaner
and more cost effective energy technologies, and reduce the environmental impacts of energy
systems.
RCRA Waste Management and Corrective Action:
In FY 2012, the Agency will continue to work in partnership with the states to coordinate RCRA
program goals and direction. EPA will continue to assist states in permit development, permit
renewals, or other approved controls at facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste.
EPA will work to meet its annual target of implementing initial approved or updated controls at
100 RCRA hazardous waste management facilities. In addition to meeting these goals, the
program is responsible for the continued maintenance of the regulatory controls at approximately
2,500 facilities in the permitting baseline.5
EPA's RCRA Corrective Action program will focus on site investigation, identification of
interim remedies to eliminate exposures to human health or the environment, and selection of
safe, effective long-term remedies. Sites will see the results of this funding in FY 2012 and
beyond, as the number of sites achieving the Agency's environmental indicators including
control of human exposures and migration of contaminated groundwater increase over time.
Recycling and Waste Minimization:
In FY 2012, EPA will complete this program's redirection to sustainable materials management.
This redirection is a significant step that will allow EPA to consider the human health and
environmental impacts associated with the full lifecycle of materialsfrom the amount and
toxicity of raw materials extraction, through transportation, processing, manufacturing, and use,
as well as re-use, recycling and disposal.
The EPAct and Underground Storage Tanks:
The EPAct6 contains numerous provisions that significantly affect federal and state underground
storage tank (UST) programs and requires that EPA and states strengthen tank release and
prevention programs. In FY 2012, EPA will provide assistance to states to help them meet their
EPAct responsibilities, which include: 1) mandatory inspections every three years for all
underground storage tanks and enforcement of violations discovered during the inspections; 2)
4 Additional information on this initiative can be found on http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergvland/.
The permitting baseline universe currently has 2,446 facilities with approximately 10,000 process unit groups.
6 For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109 cong public Iaws&docid=f:publ058.109.pdf (scroll to Title XV - Ethanol And Motor Fuels,
Subtitle B - Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file).
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
42
-------
operator training; 3) prohibition of delivery for non-complying facilities7; and 4) secondary
containment or financial responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers.
Additionally, there are an unknown number of petroleum Brownfields sites that are
predominately old gas stations that blight the environmental and economic health of surrounding
neighborhoods. In FY 2012, EPA's UST and Brownfields program will continue to jointly focus
attention and resources on the cleanup and reuse of petroleum-contaminated sites.
Oil Spills and Chemical Safety:
The Oil Spill program helps protect U.S. waters by effectively preventing, preparing for,
responding to, and monitoring oil spills. EPA conducts oil spill prevention, preparedness, and
enforcement activities associated with the 640,000 non-transportation-related oil storage
facilities that EPA regulates through its Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC)
program. EPA currently conducts approximately 1,100 inspections per year at SPCC-regulated
facilities (representing 0.2 percent of the total universe of 640,000) and 250 FRP inspections and
drills at 6 percent of the FRP facilities. In FY 2012, as part of the Oil Spill investments, the
Agency will broaden and expand its prevention and preparedness activities.
In addition to its prevention responsibilities, EPA serves as the lead responder for cleanup of all
inland zone spills, including transportation-related spills from pipelines, trucks, and other
transportation systems and provides technical assistance and support to the U.S. Coast Guard for
coastal and maritime oil spills. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to review and revise, as
appropriate, the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, including
Subpart J which regulates the use of dispersants and other chemicals as a tool in oil spill
response.
EPA also works with state and local partners to help protect the public and the environment from
catastrophic releases of hazardous substances at chemical handling facilities through the State
and Local Prevention and Preparedness program. Under the Clean Air Act (CAA), EPA
regulations require that facilities handling more than a threshold quantity of certain extremely
hazardous substances must implement a risk management program and submit a Risk
Management Plan (RMP) to EPA among others entities. Facilities are required to update their
RMP at least once every five years and sooner if changes are made at the facility. EPA currently
conducts over 550 inspections or unannounced exercises per year (approximately 5 percent of
the universe of 13,100 RMP facilities in non-delegated states), including over 140 at high risk
facilities. In FY 2012, through the Regaining Ground: Increasing Compliance in Critical Areas
investment, the Agency will expand its current activities.
Homeland Security:
EPA's Homeland Security work is an important component of the Agency's prevention,
protection, and response activities. EPA will continue to provide Homeland Security emergency
preparedness and response capability. In FY 2012, the Agency requests $38.7 million to:
7 Refer to Grant Guidelines to States for Implementing the Delivery Prohibition Provision of the Energy Policy Act of 2005,
August2006, EPA-510-R-06-003, http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/epact Q5.htm#Final.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
43
-------
maintain its capability to respond effectively to incidents that may involve harmful chemical,
biological, and radiological substances; operate the Environmental Response Laboratory
Network (ERLN); maximize the effectiveness of its involvement in national security events
through pre-deployments of assets such as emergency response personnel and field detection
equipment; maintain the Emergency Management Portal (EMP); and manage, collect, and
validate new information for new and existing weapons of mass destruction agents as
decontamination techniques are developed or as other information emerges from the scientific
community.
Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country
In FY 2012, EPA will assist Federally-recognized tribes in assessing environmental conditions in
Indian country, and will help build their capacity to implement environmental programs though
the $8.5 million investment in funding for the Tribal GAP program. EPA will also strengthen
the scientific evidence and research supporting environmental policies and decisions on
compliance, pollution prevention, and environmental stewardship in Indian country through
continued collaboration with Agency program offices as well as through EPA's Tribal Science
Council.
Since adopting the EPA Indian Policy in 1984, EPA has worked with federally-recognized tribes
on a government-to-government basis, in recognition of the federal government's trust
responsibility to federally-recognized tribes. Under federal environmental statutes, the Agency
is responsible for protecting human health and the environment in Indian country. In FY 2012,
EPA's Office of International and Tribal Affairs (OITA) will continue to lead an Agency-wide
effort to work with tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and inter-tribal consortia to fulfill this
responsibility. EPA's strategy for achieving this objective has three major components:
Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will continue to
provide funding through the Indian General Assistance Program (GAP) so each federally-
recognized tribe can establish an environmental presence.
* Provide Access to Environmental Information: EPA will provide the information tribes
need to meet EPA and Tribal environmental priorities, as well as characterize the
environmental and public health improvements that result from joint actions.
Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide opportunities for the
implementation of Tribal environmental programs by tribes, or directly by EPA, as necessary
through 1) media-specific programs, 2) tribes themselves, or 3) directly by EPA if necessary.
Additionally, in FY 2012, EPA is investing in the multi-media Tribal implementation grant
program which allows the Agency to build upon the successful capacity-building work of the
GAP program through full program implementation.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
44
-------
Research
In FY 2012, EPA is strengthening its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach that looks at problems systematically instead of individually. EPA
is realigning and integrating the work of its base research programs into four new research
programs (further described in the Goal 1 overview and appendix). The new Sustainable and
Healthy Communities (SHC) research program will focus on the integration, translation and
coordinated communication of research on sustainability, land use, protection and restoration,
human health, ecological risk assessment modeling, and ecosystem services. The SHC research
program will provide innovative and creative management approaches and decision support tools
for communities, regions, states and tribes to protect and ensure a sustainable balance between
human health and the environment.
Communities are increasingly challenged to improve and protect the health and well-being of
their residents and the ecosystem services upon which they depend, in the face of increasing
resource demands and changing demographics, economic, social, and climate patterns. Research
will be conducted in broad areas, which will support the many aspects of community health
described above:
I. Research to Address Specific Community Needs and Improve Our Understanding
of Community Sustainability:
As specific research questions are formulated in the areas of human health, ecosystems
and ecosystem services, land and waste management, innovative technologies and life
cycle analysis, EPA will begin conducting pilot projects that explore and address
problems in an integrated manner by focusing specifically on 1) an urban community, 2)
multiple communities in the Gulf of Mexico region, and3) certain high-priority problems
facing communities across the nation.
II. Decision Analysis and Support for Conducting Integrated Assessments:
While communities often have creative and well-trained government staff, NGOs, and
citizen groups, they usually do not have the capacity to rapidly develop and/or customize
advanced decision tools and supporting data sets that will enable effective, real-time
community investment decisions. This research will focus on developing practical
decision support tools and analytic methods that enable communities to effectively use
information developed by the SHC research program and other programs to support
community decision making related to environmental sustainability.
III. Superfund:
The SHC research program will focus on innovative remediation options for
contaminated sediments and the development of new alternatives to dredging. In
addition, the program will develop solutions to contaminated ground water by evaluating
subsurface and above-ground alternatives to pump-and-treat, particularly for recalcitrant
contaminants such as chlorinated solvents and other contaminants that do not dissolve
easily in water, and will evaluate chemical oxidation and permeable reactive barriers,
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
45
-------
including those using nanoscale materials. The SHC research program will continue to
provide technical support and technology transfer to support ground water modeling
needs in communities.
IV. Oil Spill Research:
In FY 2012, the SHC program will focus on two areas related to oil spill research: 1)
EPA will develop protocols to revise or test oil spill control agents or products for listing
on the National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule and other activities deemed
necessary by EPA's Office of Emergency Management (OEM), and 2) the Agency will
conduct studies on the effectiveness of bioremediation for freshly spilled oil and aged
residuals of petroleum-based oil, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends, and the performance of
dispersants for deep water applications.
EPA also conducts research supporting Goal 3 through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
program, which leverages innovative and cutting-edge research from scientists in academia
through a competitive and peer-reviewed grant process that is integrated with EPA's overall
research efforts. The Agency is enhancing its investment in areas critical to support the
Administration's science priorities, including strengthening the future scientific workforce
through investment in fellowships to students in pursuit of careers and advanced degrees in
environmental science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. In FY 2012, EPA will
provide $14 million for STAR Fellowships, including support for an estimated 243 continuing
fellows and 105 new STAR fellows.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
46
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Reduce the risk and increase the safety of chemicals and prevent pollution at the source.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES:
Reduce the risk of chemicals that enter our products, our environment, and our bodies.
Conserve and protect natural resources by promoting pollution prevention and the
adoption of other stewardship practices by companies, communities, governmental
organizations, and individuals.
GOAL, OBJECTIVE SUMMARY
Budget Authority
Full-time Equivalents
(Dollars in Thousands)
Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals
and Preventing Pollution
Ensure Chemical Safety
Promote Pollution Prevention
Total Authorized Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$681,126.8
$618,182.3
$62,944.5
2,692.5
FY 2010
Actuals
$671,424.4
$609,729.0
$61,695.4
2,741.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$681,126.8
$618,182.3
$62,944.5
2,692.5
FY 2012
Pres
Budget
$702,542.3
$642,721.6
$59,820.7
2,706.4
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$21,415.5
$24,539.3
($3,123.8)
13.9
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
47
-------
Goal 4
Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Reduce the risk and increase the safety of chemicals and prevent pollution at the source
Introduction
Chemicals have become ubiquitous in our everyday lives and products, because they are used in
the production of everything from our homes and cars to the cell phones we carry and the food
we eat. Chemicals are often released into the environment as a result of their manufacture,
processing, use, and disposal. Research shows that children are getting steady infusions of
industrial chemicals before they even are given solid food8'9'10. Other vulnerable groups,
including low-income, minority, and indigenous populations, may also be disproportionately
impacted by and thus particularly at risk from chemical exposure11'12'13. While TSCA authorizes
review of new chemicals before they enter the market and provides authority for EPA to mandate
industry to conduct testing, there remain gaps in the available use and exposure data and state of
knowledge on many widely used chemicals in commerce. EPA programs work to ensure
chemical safety, including pesticides, and to manage the chemicals already in the environment
that may have adverse affects. EPA is also promoting sustainable, lower risk processes and
working with communities to improve overall environmental quality.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to make substantial progress in transitioning from an approach
dominated by voluntary data submissions by industry, to a more aggressive action-oriented
approach to ensure chemical safety through four areas of focus: 1) using all available authorities
under TSCA to take immediate and lasting action to eliminate or reduce identified chemical risks
and develop proven safer alternatives; 2) using regulatory mechanisms to fill remaining gaps in
critical exposure data, and increasing transparency and public access to information on TSCA
chemicals; 3) using data from all available sources to conduct detailed chemical risk assessments
on priority chemicals to inform the need for and support development and implementation of risk
management actions; and 4) prevent introduction of unsafe new chemicals into commerce.
EPA's Pesticide Licensing program screens new pesticides before they reach the market and
ensures that pesticides already in commerce are safe when used in accordance with the label. As
directed by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), EPA is
8 The Disproportionate Impact of Environmental Health Threats on Children of Color
(http://vosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/8d49f7ad4bbcf4ef852573590040b7f6/79a3n3c301688828525770c0063b277iOpenD
ocumenfl
9 Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
10 Guide to Considering Children's Health When Developing EPA Actions: Implementing Executive Order 13045 and EPA's
Policy on Evaluating Health Risks to Children
(http://vosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/ADPguide.htm/SFile/EPA ADP Guide 508.pdf)
1' Holistic Risk-based Environmental Decision Making: a Native Perspective
(http://www.ncbi.nhn.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241171)
12 Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income
Populations
13 Interim Guidance on Considering Environmental Justice During the Development of an Action
(http://www.epa.gov/compliance/ei/resources/policv/considering-ei-in-rulemaking-guide-07-2010.pdf)
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
48
-------
responsible for registering pesticides to protect consumers, pesticide users, workers who may be
exposed to pesticides, children, and other sensitive populations. EPA also reviews potential
impacts on the environment, with particular attention to endangered species.
In 1990, the Pollution Prevention Act established preventing pollution before it is generated as
national environmental policy. EPA is enhancing cross-cutting efforts to advance sustainable
practices, safer chemicals and sustainable lower risk processes and practices, and safer products.
The combined effect of community level actions, geographically targeted investments, attention
to chemicals, and concern for ecosystems, implemented through the lens of science, transparency
and law, will bring real improvements and protections.
Achieving an environmentally sustainable future demands that EPA make smarter, faster
decisions guided by sound science on environmental problems facing the country today. It is
also crucial to anticipate tomorrow's problems and identify approaches to better inform
environmentally sustainable behavior. The EPA Science Advisory Board has recognized14 that
the improved understanding of today's environmental problems requires an integrative,
transdisciplinary approach that considers multi-media, integrated, and non-traditional approaches
to achieve more effective and efficient solutions. EPA's research request reflects the necessity to
increase synergies among programs using systems thinking and catalytic innovation in order to
meet the problems of the 21st century.
Major FY 2012 Investment Areas
Enhancing Chemical Safety
EPA will invest an additional $16 million and 5.5 FTE to continue implementing its enhanced
chemical management strategy to make long-overdue progress in ensuring the safety of existing
chemicals: 1) obtaining, managing and making public chemical information; 2) screening and
assessing chemical risks; and 3) managing chemical risks. In FY 2012, EPA's approach will be
centered on immediate and lasting actions to identify and mitigate unreasonable chemical risks
and develop proven safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals.
The FY 2012 investment will provide for action needed to 1) increase the Agency's pace in
obtaining and making public TSCA chemical health and safety and other information; 2) conduct
detailed chemical risk assessments on priority chemicals and accelerating progress in
characterizing the hazards posed by HPV chemicals 3) undertake appropriate risk management
actions on chemicals identified as posing significant human health or environmental risks.
Major FY 2012 Disinvestments and Reductions
Funding reductions reflect expected program efficiencies and reprioritization of targeted
activities. Specifically, EPA will reduce support for non-regulatory activities including
pollinator protection, urban pest management and the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship
Program. Funding reductions may also delay development and implementation of some risk
assessment policies.
14 http://vosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/E989ECFC125966428525775B0047BElA/SFile/EP A-SAB-10-010-unsigned.pdf
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
49
-------
FY 2012 Activities
Toxics Programs
FY 2012 represents a crucial stage in EPA's approach for ensuring chemical safety. The
program has attained its 'zero tolerance' goal in preventing introduction of unsafe new chemicals
into commerce but many existing ('pre-TSCA') chemicals already in commerce remain un-
assessed. The Existing Chemicals can be split into three major component activities: 1)
strengthening chemical information collection, management, and transparency ($14.7M); 2)
Screening and Assessing Chemical Risks ($15.6M); and 3) Reducing Chemical Risks ($26.4M).
Also in FY 2012, EPA will continue to prevent the entry of new chemicals into the US market
which pose unreasonable risks to human health or the environment. The major activity of the
New Chemicals program ($14.3M) is PMN review and management, which addresses the
potential risks from approximately 1,100 chemicals, products of biotechnology and new
chemical nanoscale materials received annually prior to their entry into the US marketplace.
In FY 2012, the Agency will continue to implement the Chemicals Risk Management program to
further eliminate risks from high-risk "legacy" chemicals, such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) and mercury. The Lead program will continue efforts to further reduce childhood blood
lead incidence, and will continue implementing the Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP)
Rule though increased outreach efforts and targeted activities to support renovator certifications.
EPA will allocate $35.3 million to undertaking existing chemical risk management actions in FY
2012.
Children's Risk
Blood Lead Levels for Children aged 1-5
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
>10 ug/dL
Elevated Lead
Levels
>5 ug/dL
New Concern Lead
Levels
>5 ug/dL
TARGET Lead Levels
For near Future
Pesticides
Programs
C?>" oft"
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
50
-------
A key component of chemical safety and to protecting the health of people, communities, and
ecosystems, is identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the pesticides on which
our society and economy depend. EPA will continue to manage a comprehensive pesticide risk
reduction program through science-based registration and reevaluation processes, a worker
safety program, and support for integrated pest management. The pesticide review processes
will continue to increasingly focus on improving pesticide registrations compliance with the
Endangered Species Act and achieve broader Agency objectives for water quality protection.
EPA will continue to place emphasis on the protection of potentially sensitive groups, such as
children, by reducing exposures from pesticides used in and around homes, schools, and other
public areas. In addition, the Agency worker protection, certification, and training regulations
will encourage safe application practices. Together, these programs minimize exposure to
pesticides, maintain a safe and affordable food supply, address public health issues, and
minimize property damage that can occur from insects and pests. As part of the Agency's
review of non-regulatory efforts, the Strategic Agriculture Initiative program will shift its
emphasis to the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program, providing a more focused effort in
IPM to address a wide range of agricultural risk issues in food safety as well as minimizing
exposure from pesticide drift.
Chemical and biological pesticides help meet national and global demands for food. They
provide effective pest control for homes, schools, gardens, highways, utility lines, hospitals, and
drinking water treatment facilities and control animal vectors of disease. Many regulatory
actions involve reduced risk pesticides which, once registered, will result in increased societal
benefits. In addition to collecting a total of $82 million in anticipated fee-funded activities in FY
2012, $32 million which can be obligated EPA is funding $128.7 million in Pesticides Licensing
programs.
Pollution Prevention
EPA will continue to promote innovation through environmental stewardship strategies that
promote economic revitalization. EPA will draw on innovative and cross media strategies to
focus analysis and coordination across the Agency, with States, and with other Federal agencies.
In FY 2012, EPA's Pollution Prevention (P2) programs will target technical assistance,
information and supporting assessments to encourage the use of greener chemicals, technologies,
processes, and products through programs with proven records of success such as: Green
Suppliers Network, Regional Grants, Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange, Partnership for
Sustainable Healthcare, Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. In addition, EPA's P2
programs will continue to support the new Economy, Energy and Environment (E3) partnership
among federal agencies, local governments and manufacturers to promote energy efficiency, job
creation and environmental improvement.
Through these efforts, EPA will encourage government and business to adopt source reduction
practices that can help to prevent pollution and avoid potential adverse health and environmental
impacts. P2 grants to states and tribes provide support for technical assistance, education, and
outreach to assist businesses. Work under these programs also supports the energy reduction
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
51
-------
goals under E.G. 13514. In FY 2012, the total funding for P2 programs is $20.7 million and 72.7
FTE.
International Affairs
Environmental pollution and contamination often extend well beyond a country's individual
borders. In the face of shared environmental challenges, such as global climate change and
improving children's environmental health outcomes, cooperation with global partners can
catalyze even greater progress toward protecting our domestic environment. By partnering with
and assisting other nations to improve their environmental governance, EPA also helps protect
the U.S. from pollution originating outside our borders from reaching our citizens. These
collaborative efforts are the key to sustaining and enhancing progress, both domestically and
internationally.
EPA's international priorities include: building strong environmental institutions and legal
structures; improving access to clean water; improving urban air quality; limiting global GHG
emissions and other climate-forcing pollutants, reducing exposure to toxic chemicals, and
reducing hazardous waste and improve waste management.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires Federal agencies to prepare
environmental impact statements (EISs) for actions that have the potential to cause significant
environmental effects, and develop appropriate plans to mitigate or eliminate those impacts.
EPA's unique role in this process is reviewing and commenting on all Federal EISs and making
the comments available to the public. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to work with other Federal
agencies to streamline and to improve their NEPA processes. Work also will focus on a number
of key areas such as review and comment on mining on-shore and off-shore liquid natural gas
facilities, coal bed methane development and other energy-related projects, nuclear power/hydro-
power plant licensing/re-licensing, highway and airport expansion, military base
realignment/redevelopment (including the expansion in Guam), flood control and port
development, and management of national forests and public lands. EPA also will conduct work
pursuant to the Appalachian Coal Mining Interagency Action Plan.
Research
In FY 2012, EPA is strengthening its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach that looks at problems systematically instead of individually. This
approach will create synergy and yield benefits beyond those possible from approaches that are
more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or problem areas. EPA is realigning and integrating
the work of its base research programs into four new research programs (further described in the
Goal 1 overview and appendix).
The new Chemical Safety and Sustainability (CSS) Program will develop enhanced chemical
screening and testing approaches for improving context-relevant chemical assessment and
management. New computational, physico-chemical, and biological and exposure science tools
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
52
-------
promise to transform the way risks of chemical products are evaluated. Development and
validation will proceed on broadly applicable, predictive, high-throughput tools to be combined
with existing test methods, integrating toxicity and exposure pathways in the context of the life
cycle of the chemical. In FY 2012 EPA will begin a multi-year transition from the Endocrine
Disrupter Screening Program (EDSP) to validate and more efficiently use computational
toxicology methods and high throughput screens that will allow the Agency to more quickly and
cost-effectively assess potential chemical toxicity. As reflected in Figure V, testing 300
chemicals with computational toxicology methods costs on average about $20,000 per chemical
compared to more traditional approaches that can cost more than $6 million per chemical. In FY
2012, EPA will begin to evaluate endocrine-relevant ToxCast assays.
TRANSFORM ING the EFFECTIVENESS
of Chemical Safety Research
Traditional Toxicology
Computational Toxicology
.
Sir
-
I
! .
::- ;-: -i *J -_._ '&
**>?*;* -|W";'' ''-
I'l "
£ :--"
= ""*?';' '::'i;-'-f '
-jx-^.i e| '.
..--- , to -
; i . ii,
...»
COMPTOX:
Increases results
Decreases costs
Figure V: EPA research
is developing
computational
toxicology tools that are
faster, more efficient,
and have the capacity to
test thousands of
chemicals at a fraction
of the cost for traditional
animal-based testing
(e.g., $2 billion versus
$6 million for 300
chemicals). This
innovative research is
critical to catalyzing
sustainable solutions
that inform decisions on
chemical safety.
CSS will also contribute to the Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program by
providing decision makers in individual localities and communities with research and support on
contaminants of highest priority and concern to them. Better and more integrated approaches to
chemical testing and assessment also will lead to better air toxics and drinking water-related
regional and local decision making. Under this newly consolidated research program, EPA will
continue to support the scientific foundation for addressing the risks of exposure to chemicals in
humans and wildlife. Resources requested total $95.7 million and 292.7 FTE.
In FY2012, the Agency's Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) program will continue to
develop assessments including Integrated Science Assessments (ISA) of criteria air pollutants,
Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS) Assessments of high priority chemicals, and
Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTV). The program will release draft ISAs for
ozone and lead for Clean Air Science Advisory Committee review and public comment. The
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
53
-------
program will strive to post numerous completed human health assessments (e.g. dioxin,
methanol, cumulative phthalate assessment, benzo-a-pyrene, Libby asbestos cancer assessment,
and PCB noncancer assessment) in IRIS.
EPA also conducts research supporting Goal 4 through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
program, which leverages innovative and cutting-edge research from scientists in academia
through a competitive and peer-reviewed grant process that is integrated with EPA's overall
research efforts. The Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) will continue to enhance
the nation's preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities for homeland security incidents
and other hazards.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
54
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Enforcing Environmental Laws
Protect human health and the environment through vigorous and targeted civil and criminal
enforcement. Assure compliance with environmental laws.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES:
Pursue vigorous civil and criminal enforcement that targets the most serious water, air,
and chemical hazards in communities. Assure strong, consistent, and effective
enforcement of federal environmental laws nationwide.
GOAL, OBJECTIVE SUMMARY
Budget Authority
Full-time Equivalents
(Dollars in Thousands)
Enforcing Environmental Laws
Enforce Environmental Laws
Total Authorized Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$807,902.7
$807,902.7
4,003.2
FY 2010
Actuals
$795,703.1
$795,703.1
3,834.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$807,902.7
$807,902.7
4,003.2
FY 2012
Pres
Budget
$829,831.4
$829,831.4
3,914.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$21,928.7
$21,928.7
-88.9
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
55
-------
GoalS
Enforcing Environmental Laws
Protect human health and the environment through vigorous and targeted civil and criminal
enforcement. Assure compliance with environmental laws.
Introduction
EPA's civil and criminal enforcement programs perform the core function of assuring
compliance with our nation's environmental laws. A strong and effective enforcement program
is essential to maintain respect for the rule of law and to realize the promise of our federal
statutes to protect our environment and the public health of our citizens.
On January 18, 2011, President Obama issued a "Presidential Memoranda - Regulatory
Compliance" which reaffirms the importance of effective enforcement and compliance in
regulations. In part, it states "Sound regulatory enforcement promotes the welfare of Americans
in many ways, by increasing public safety, improving working conditions, and protecting the air
we breathe and the water we drink. Consistent regulatory enforcement also levels the playing
field among regulated entities, ensuring that those that fail to comply with the law do not have an
unfair advantage over their law-abiding competitors."
In FY 2012, EPA will maintain the strength of its core enforcement program and begin a new
focus on harnessing the tools of 21st century technology to make our enforcement program more
efficient and more effective for the future. We will also continue to address special challenges
such as the litigation resulting from the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Our current approach, rooted largely in the traditional inspection and enforcement model, has
produced substantial public health and environmental benefits. However, use of modern
technology and methods can reduce the costs of monitoring and ensuring compliance both to
EPA and businesses, and enable us to do a more effective job. Today, we rely almost
exclusively on time-consuming and expensive pollution tests that make it hard to quickly find
and investigate the worst air, waste and water pollution, and for communities to know about
pollution that affects them. It is increasingly difficult to ensure compliance using outdated tools
and old approaches, as the universe of regulated pollution sources is outstripping the resources
available to state and federal inspectors to find and correct non-compliance.
EPA and its state partners simply cannot conduct enough inspections to ensure that the health
and environmental benefits of laws passed by Congress are realized and catastrophes are
avoided. The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the Enbridge pipeline oil spill in Marshall,
Michigan have generated a greater awareness of the growing need for the country to catch up
when it comes to finding and correcting non-compliance to prevent damage and economic
hardships. Yet the oil spill crises are just one piece of the puzzle. Today, states are adding more
waters to the Clean Water Act's list of impaired waters, while at the same time indicating that
resource constraints are pushing them to seriously consider returning control of environmental
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
56
-------
protection programs to EPA. These and other issues argue for new approaches to ensuring
compliance to enable the Agency to become more effective and efficient.
A recent snapshot (see graph on following page) shows us that nationally reported compliance
data - while it does not paint a complete picture - strongly indicates that violations are likely
widespread. For example, non-compliance with the Clean Water Act's National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System permits in many places averages 60 percent - leading to concerns
about health impacts in those places.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
57
-------
Non-Compliance Information Across Sectors
15
Clean
Wotei Act
ICWAI
Resource
Conservation
and Recovery
Act IRCRA)
*Statistically
Valid
**New Source
Review
(RSR)/Prevention of
Significant
Deterioration (PSD)
**Mining and
Mineral
Processing
A= Combined Sewer Municipalities H= Oil & Gas Q= Phosphoric Acid
B=Ethylene Oxide Manufacturers 1= Misc. Metal Parts P= Mines
C= Organic Chemical Manufacturing J= Fabric Coating Q= Other Mineral Processing
D= Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) K= Acid Manufacturing R= RCRATreatment Storage and Disposal Facilities
E= Flares L= Cement Manufacturing S= Financial Assurance
F= LDAR Miscellaneous M= Glass Manufacturing T= Majors
G= Petroleum Refining N= Coal Fired Boilers U= Minors
15*Non-compliance rates based on data gathered during inspections/evaluations at a statistically valid sample of the regulated
universe and defined as having a minimum of one violation with any given requirement examined during the
inspection/evaluation.
"Non-compliance rates are based on violations detected at facilities in these sectors during inspections and evaluations; not
statistically valid sample, but based on completed evaluations for 61% of the Air Toxic targeted universe (LDAR, Flares, LDAR
Misc., Petroleum Refining, Oil and Gas, Misc. Metal Parts and Fabric coating), 40% of the targeted universe for NSR/PSD (Acid
Manufacturing, Cement Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing), and 14% of the targeted universe for Mining and Mineral
Processing (Phosphoric Acid, Other Mineral Processing, Mines).
* "Non-compliance rates are based on a combination of facility self-reported Discharge Monitoring Reports. (DMRs) and
violations detected at facilities during inspections.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
58
-------
Major FY 2012 Investment Areas
In FY 2012, the Agency's Regaining Ground: Increasing Compliance in Critical Areas
investment will allow EPA to begin to move toward implementing a more efficient and effective
enforcement program that uses 21st century e-reporting and monitoring tools, in combination
with market-based approaches. Investments in new technology offer the opportunity to save the
federal government, states, and American business valuable resources as overall compliance
costs are reduced. EPA will also invest in more advanced monitoring tools, allowing EPA and
its state partners to more easily identify, investigate and address the worst violations that affect
our communities. The Agency requests $14.2 million and 4.0 FTE under Goal 5 for this
investment.
EPA will begin to review compliance reporting requirements in existing rules to identify
opportunities for conversion to a national electronic reporting format; and examine new rules to
incorporate electronic reporting elements during rule development. Eliminating existing paper
based reporting systems will be an overarching goal of this initiative. As part of the process of
developing new rules, EPA will identify opportunities to require objective, self-monitoring
and/or self-certification. EPA will upgrade key data systems to allow for third-party
certification, public accountability, advanced monitoring and electronic reporting requirements
to improve compliance.
EPA will begin enhancing its data systems to help the Agency and its regulatory partners better
determine the compliance status of facilities, focus our resources to efficiently address the most
serious non-compliance, and substantially reduce the costs of collecting, sharing, and analyzing
compliance information.
With this investment, EPA will use a market based approach to develop open platform "e-file"
data exchange standards, modeled after that used by the IRS to collect tax data, which would
unleash the expertise of the private sector marketplace to replace the largely paper-based
reporting systems that have evolved over the past thirty years. Further, in those programs where
EPA has already built electronic reporting tools, the private sector may enhance these tools to
better support industry needs, enabling EPA to largely eliminate the need to continue to fund the
operation and maintenance of these tools.
With the requested resources, EPA also will begin to invest in modern monitoring technology
such as portable emission detectors, thermal imaging cameras, flow meters, and remote
(fenceline) monitoring equipment to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of our compliance
monitoring program. Our investment includes an increase for monitoring equipment, as well as
funding to train staff on the use of remote sensing techniques. Providing modern monitoring
technology for EPA inspectors will enable field staff to perform more efficient and effective
compliance verification. Modern monitoring equipment will increase EPA's ability to detect
violations across all programs and focus our efforts on the most significant problems.
EPA's response to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill will continue in FY 2012 as the Agency
provides support for the U.S. Department of Justice's civil action and criminal investigations
against BP, Anadarko, Transocean, and other responsible parties. The Department of Justice
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
59
-------
filed its civil complaint on behalf of EPA, the Coast Guard, and other federal plaintiffs in
December 2010, and EPA will be actively providing litigation support, discovery management,
and response to court orders throughout FY 2012. Currently, EPA resources are being used to
support Department of Justice's on-going civil investigations.
Major FY 2012 Disinvestments and Reductions
Eliminating funding for homeland security enforcement efforts because EPA will not need to
maintain separate capacity to support environmental criminal investigations and training for
terrorism-related investigations. This reduction reflects the increased capacity of other
agencies to handle the environmental forensics work associated with security incidents.
Reducing funding for Enforcement Training, relying more on web-based tools to more
efficiently deliver compliance assistance and training, reducing staff intensive activities.
Reducing funding for Superfund Enforcement that could have been used for PRP searches
and settlement activity.
Reducing funding to the Department of Justice for CERCLA case support.
Reducing funding for Criminal Enforcement that could have been used for investigative
support for criminal cases.
Priority Goal
EPA has established a Priority Goal to focus and highlight progress made through enforcement
actions to clean up the nation's polluted waters. The Priority Goal is:
Clean water is essential for our quality of life and the health of our communities. EPA will
take actions over the next two years to improve water quality.
Improve Water Quality: Federal Clean Water Enforcement
Increase pollutant reducing enforcement actions in waters that don't meet water quality
standards, and post results and analysis on the web.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to track progress towards its Priority Goals and will update goals
as necessary and appropriate.
FY 2012 Activities
While making the reforms described above to improve our core business practices for monitoring
and reporting, the Agency remains committed to implementing a strong enforcement and
compliance program focused on identifying and reducing non-compliance problems and
deterring future violations. In order to meet these goals, the program employs an integrated,
common-sense approach to problem-solving and decision-making. An appropriate mix of data
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
60
-------
collection and analysis, compliance monitoring, assistance and incentives, civil and criminal
enforcement efforts and innovative problem-solving approaches addresses significant
environmental issues and achieve environmentally beneficial outcomes. As discussed above,
enhancing these efforts through a new approach that relies on 21st century reporting and
monitoring tools will be the focus of our efforts in FY 2012 and will be used to advance
implementation of the Administrator's priorities as well as our core program work. Including the
new FY 2012 investment, $375.7 million and 2,132.7 FTE will support compliance monitoring
and civil and criminal enforcement activities.
Focus Areas:
Protecting Air Quality: EPA will focus on the largest sources of air pollution, including
coal-fired power plants and the cement, acid and glass sectors, to improve air quality.
Enforcement to cut toxic air pollution in communities improves the health of communities,
particularly those overburdened by pollution.
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 requires increased use of
renewable fuels. EPA's Civil Enforcement program will help the regulated community
understand their statutory obligations under the EISA; inspect renewable fuel production
facilities; monitor compliance with renewable fuel requirements; monitor and enforce the
credit trading program; and, undertake administrative and judicial enforcement actions, as
appropriate.
Protecting America's Waters: EPA, working with permitting authorities, is revamping
compliance and enforcement approaches to make progress on the most important water
pollution problems. This work includes getting raw sewage out of water, cutting pollution
from animal waste and reducing pollution from stormwater runoff. These efforts will help to
clean up great waters like the Chesapeake Bay and will focus on revitalizing urban
communities by protecting and restoring urban waters. Enforcement will also support the
goal of assuring clean drinking water for all communities, including small systems and in
Indian country.
Cleaning Up Our Communities: EPA protects communities by ensuring that responsible
parties conduct cleanups, saving federal dollars for sites where there are no viable
contributing parties. Ensuring that these parties clean up the sites ultimately reduces direct
human exposure to hazardous pollutants and contaminants, provides for long-term human
health protection, and ultimately makes contaminated properties available for reuse.
EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action enforcement
program supports the goal set by the Agency and its state partners of attaining remedy
construction at 95 percent of 3,747 RCRA facilities by the year 2020. In 2010, EPA issued
the "National Enforcement Strategy for Corrective Action" to promote and communicate
nationally consistent enforcement and compliance assurance principles, practices, and tools
to help achieve this goal. In FY 2012, EPA will continue targeted enforcement under the
Strategy and will work with its state partners to assess the contribution of enforcement in
achieving the 2020 goal.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
61
-------
Ensuring the Safely of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution: Strengthening chemical safety
enforcement and reducing exposure to pesticides will improve the health of Americans.
Enforcement reduces direct human exposures to toxic chemicals and pesticides and supports
long-term human health protection.
Compliance Monitoring
EPA's Compliance Monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of the regulated
community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit conditions and
settlement agreements, as well as to determine whether conditions presenting imminent and
substantial endangerment exist. In FY 2012, EPA's compliance monitoring activities will be
both environmental media- and sector-based. EPA's media-based inspections complement those
performed by states and tribes, and are a key part of our strategy for meeting the long-term and
annual goals established for the air, water, pesticides, toxic substances and hazardous waste
programs.
Compliance monitoring includes EPA's management and use of data systems to run its
compliance and enforcement programs under the various statutes and programs that EPA
enforces. In FY 2012, the Agency will begin the process of enhancing its data systems to
support electronic reporting, providing more comprehensive, accessible data to the public and
improving integration of environmental information with health data and other pertinent data
sources from other federal agencies and private entities. The Agency will continue its multi-year
project to modernize its national enforcement and compliance data system, the Integrated
Compliance Information System (ICIS), which supports both compliance monitoring and civil
enforcement.
Civil Enforcement
The Civil Enforcement program's overarching goal is to assure compliance with the nation's
environmental laws and regulations in order to protect human health and the environment. The
program collaborates with the Department of Justice, states, local agencies and Tribal
governments to ensure consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental laws and regulations.
The program seeks to protect public health and the environment and ensure a level playing field
by strengthening our partnership with our co-implementers in the states, encouraging regulated
entities to rapidly correct their own violations, ensuring that violators do not realize an economic
benefit from noncompliance and pursuing enforcement to deter future violations.
The Civil Enforcement program develops, litigates and settles administrative and civil judicial
cases against serious violators of environmental laws. In FY 2010, EPA achieved commitments
to invest more than $12 billion in future pollution controls and pollution reduction commitments
totaling approximately 1.5 billion pounds.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to target implementation of the National Compliance and
Enforcement Initiatives established for FY 2011-2013. These national initiatives address
problems that remain complex and challenging, including Clean Water Act "wet weather"
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
62
-------
discharges, violations of the Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant
Deterioration requirements and Air Toxics regulations, RCRA violations at mineral processing
facilities, and multi-media problems resulting from energy extraction activities. Information on
initiatives, regulatory requirements, enforcement alerts and EPA results will be made available to
the public and the regulated community through web-based sites. The Civil Enforcement
program also will support the Environmental Justice program and the Administrator's priority to
address pollution impacting vulnerable populations. The Civil Enforcement program will focus
actions on facilities that have repeatedly violated environmental laws in communities that may
be disproportionately exposed to risks and harms from the environment, including minority
and/or low-income areas. In addition, the Civil Enforcement program will help to implement the
President's directive to develop and implement a compliance and enforcement strategy for the
Chesapeake Bay, providing strong oversight to ensure existing regulations are complied with
consistently and in a timely manner.
Criminal Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement underlies our commitment to pursuing the most serious pollution
violations. EPA's Criminal Enforcement program investigates and helps prosecute
environmental violations that seriously threaten public health and the environment and involve
intentional, deliberate or criminal behavior on the part of the violator. The Criminal
Enforcement program deters violations of environmental laws and regulations by demonstrating
that the regulated community will be held accountable, through jail sentences and criminal fines.
Bringing criminal cases sends a strong deterrence message to potential violators, enhances
aggregate compliance with laws and regulations and protects our communities.
The program has completed its three-year hiring strategy, raising the number of special agents to
200, and will use this capacity to address complex environmental cases in FY 2012. In FY 2012,
the Criminal Enforcement program will expand its identification and investigation of cases with
significant environmental, human health and deterrence impact while balancing its overall case
load across all pollution statutes. EPA's Criminal Enforcement program will focus on cases
across all media that involve serious harm or injury; hazardous or toxic releases; ongoing,
repetitive, or multiple releases; serious documented exposure to pollutants; and violators with
significant repeat or chronic noncompliance or prior criminal conviction.
Superfund Enforcement
EPA's Superfund Enforcement program protects communities by ensuring that responsible
parties conduct cleanups, preserving Federal dollars for sites where there are no viable
contributing parties. Superfund Enforcement ensures prompt site cleanup and uses an
"enforcement first" approach that maximizes the participation of liable and viable parties in
performing and paying for cleanups in both the remedial and removal programs. The Superfund
Enforcement program includes nationally significant or precedential civil, judicial and
administrative site remediation cases. The program also provides legal and technical
enforcement support on Superfund Enforcement actions and emerging issues. The Superfund
Enforcement program also develops waste cleanup enforcement policies and provides guidance
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
63
-------
and tools that clarify potential environmental cleanup liability, with specific attention to the reuse
and revitalization of contaminated properties, including Brownfields properties.
Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program. The authorities are
used to ensure that responsible parties conduct a majority of the cleanup actions and reimburse
the federal government for cleanups financed by Federal resources. In tandem with this
approach, various reforms have been implemented to increase fairness, reduce transaction costs,
promote economic development and make sites available for appropriate reuse.16 Ensuring that
these parties cleanup sites ultimately reduces direct human exposures to hazardous pollutants and
contaminants, provides for long-term human health protections and makes contaminated
properties available for reuse.
The Department of Justice supports EPA's Superfund Enforcement program through
negotiations and judicial actions to compel Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP) cleanup and
litigation to recover Trust Fund monies. In FY 2010, the Superfund Enforcement program
secured private party commitments that exceeded $1.6 billion. Of this amount, PRPs have
committed to future response work with an estimated value of approximately $1.4 billion; PRPs
have agreed to reimburse the Agency for $150 million in past costs; and PRPs have been billed
by the EPA for approximately $82 million in oversight costs. EPA also works to ensure that
required legally enforceable institutional controls and financial assurance instruments are in
place and adhered to at Superfund sites and at facilities subject to RCRA Corrective Action to
ensure the long-term protectiveness of cleanup actions.
In FY 2012, the Agency will negotiate remedial design/remedial action cleanup agreements and
removal agreements at contaminated properties to address contamination impacting local
communities. When appropriated dollars are used to clean up sites, the program will recover the
associated cleanup costs from the Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs). If future work remains
at a site, recovered funds could be placed in a site-specific special account pursuant to the
agreement. Special accounts are sub-accounts within EPA's Superfund Trust Fund. The Agency
will continue its efforts to establish special accounts and to use and track those funds efficiently
to facilitate and advance cleanups. As of the end of FY 2010, 1,023 site-specific special
accounts were established and over $3.7 billion were deposited into special accounts (including
earned interest). EPA has obligated and dispersed approximately $1.85 billion from special
accounts to finance site response actions and has developed multi-year plans to use the remaining
funds as expeditiously as possible. These funds will be used to conduct many different
CERCLA response actions, including, but not limited to, investigations to determine the extent
of contamination and appropriate remedy required, construction of the remedy, enforcement
activities, and post-construction monitoring.
During FY 2012, the Agency will continue to refine the cost documentation process to gain
further efficiencies; provide DOJ case support for Superfund sites; and calculate indirect cost and
annual allocation rates to be applied to direct costs incurred by EPA for site cleanup. The
Agency also will continue to maintain the accounting and billing of Superfund oversight costs
attributable to responsible parties as stipulated in the terms of settlement agreements.
16 For more information regarding EPA's enforcement program and its various components, please refer to
http://www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
64
-------
Partnering with States, Tribes and Communities
EPA shares accountability for environmental and human health protection with states and tribes.
Most states have been delegated the legal responsibility for implementing environmental
programs. We work together to target the most important pollution violations and ensure that
companies that meet their obligations and are responsible neighbors are not put at a competitive
disadvantage. EPA also has a responsibility to oversee state and Tribal implementation of
federal laws to ensure that the same level of protection for the environment and the public
applies across the country.
Enforcement promotes environmental justice by equitably targeting pollution problems that
affect low income, minority, and/or tribal communities. Ensuring compliance with
environmental laws is particularly important in communities that are exposed to greater
environmental health risks. EPA fosters community involvement by making information about
compliance and government action available to the public. Increased transparency is also an
effective tool for improving compliance. By making information on violations both available
and understandable, EPA empowers citizens to demand better compliance.
Enacted Budget represents our Operating Plan.
65
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Table of Contents - Science and Technology
Resource Summary Table 68
Program Projects in S&T 68
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate 72
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs 73
Climate Protection Program 77
Federal Support for Air Quality Management 81
Federal Support for Air Toxics Program 84
Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification 86
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation 96
Indoor Air: Radon Program 97
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air 99
Radiation: Protection 101
Radiation: Response Preparedness 103
Program Area: Enforcement 105
Forensics Support 106
Program Area: Homeland Security 108
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection 109
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery 114
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and Infrastructure 122
Program Area: IT / Data Management / Security 124
IT / Data Management 125
Program Area: Operations and Administration 128
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations 129
Program Area: Pesticides Licensing 133
Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk 134
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk 137
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability 141
Program Area: Research: Air, Climate and Energy 144
Research: Air, Climate and Energy 145
Program Area: Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources 154
66
-------
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources 155
Program Area: Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability 162
Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability 163
Human Health Risk Assessment 177
Program Area: Research: Sustainable Communities 183
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities 184
Program Area: Water: Human Health Protection 192
Drinking Water Programs 193
Program Area: Clean Air 197
Research: Clean Air 198
Research: Global Change 202
Program Area: Clean Water 205
Research: Drinking Water 206
Research: Water Quality 210
Program Area: Human Health and Ecosystems 213
Research: Computational Toxicology 214
Research: Endocrine Disrupter 217
Research: Fellowships 220
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems 223
Program Area: Land Protection 228
Research: Land Protection and Restoration 229
Program Area: Research: Sustainability 232
Research: Sustainability 233
Program Area: Toxic Research and Prevention 237
Research: Pesticides and Toxics 238
67
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
APPROPRIATION: Science & Technology
Resource Summary Table
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Budget Authority
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$848,049.0
2,442.5
FY2010
Actuals
$817,677.7
2,441.7
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$846,049.0
2,442.5
FY2012
Pres Budget
$825,596.0
2,471.2
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($22,453.0)
28.7
Bill Language: Science and Technology
For science and technology, including research and development activities, which shall include
research and development activities under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended; necessary expenses for personnel and
related costs and travel expenses; procurement of laboratory equipment and supplies; and other
operating expenses in support of research and development, $825,596,000, to remain available
until September 30,2013. Note.A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted
at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing
resolution (P.L. 111-242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized
level provided by the continuing resolution.
Program Projects in S&T
(Dollars in Thousands)
Program Project
Clean Air and Climate
Clean Air Allowance Trading
Programs
Climate Protection Program
Federal Support for Air Quality
Management
Federal Support for Air Toxics
Program
Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards
and Certification
Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate
Indoor Air and Radiation
Indoor Air: Radon Program
FY 2010
Enacted
$9,963.0
$19,797.0
$11,443.0
$2,398.0
$91,782.0
$135,383.0
$453.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$9,329.3
$20,126.8
$12,480.6
$2,381.7
$87,648.2
$131,966.6
$485.6
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$9,963.0
$19,797.0
$11,443.0
$2,398.0
$91,782.0
$135,383.0
$453.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$9,797.0
$16,345.0
$7,650.0
$0.0
$100,578.0
$134,370.0
$210.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($166.0)
($3,452.0)
($3,793.0)
($2,398.0)
$8,796.0
($1,013.0)
($243.0)
68
-------
Program Project
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Radiation: Protection
Radiation: Response Preparedness
Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation
Enforcement
Forensics Support
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Critical
Infrastructure Protection
Water Sentinel
Homeland Security:
Critical Infrastructure
Protection (other activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security:
Critical Infrastructure
Protection
Homeland Security: Preparedness,
Response, and Recovery
Decontamination
Laboratory Preparedness
and Response
Safe Building
Homeland Security:
Preparedness, Response,
and Recovery (other
activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security:
Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of
EPA Personnel and Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
IT / Data Management / Security
IT / Data Management
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and
Operations
Rent
Utilities
Security
FY 2010
Enacted
$762.0
$2,095.0
$4,176.0
$7,486.0
$15,351.0
$18,576.0
$4,450.0
$23,026.0
$24,857.0
$499.0
$1,996.0
$14,305.0
$41,657.0
$593.0
$65,276.0
$4,385.0
$33,947.0
$19,177.0
$10,260.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$808.0
$1,962.1
$4,242.7
$7,498.4
$15,245.3
$13,953.7
$7,001.2
$20,954.9
$20,448.7
$438.3
$1,225.2
$15,585.7
$37,697.9
$593.0
$59,245.8
$4,054.0
$34,102.2
$21,934.3
$9,218.0
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$762.0
$2,095.0
$4,176.0
$7,486.0
$15,351.0
$18,576.0
$4,450.0
$23,026.0
$24,857.0
$499.0
$1,996.0
$14,305.0
$41,657.0
$593.0
$65,276.0
$4,385.0
$33,947.0
$19,177.0
$10,260.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$370.0
$2,096.0
$4,082.0
$6,758.0
$15,326.0
$8,632.0
$2,747.0
$11,379.0
$17,382.0
$0.0
$0.0
$12,696.0
$30,078.0
$579.0
$42,036.0
$4,108.0
$35,661.0
$20,195.0
$10,714.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($392.0)
$1.0
($94.0)
($728.0)
($25.0)
($9,944.0)
($1,703.0)
($11,647.0)
($7,475.0)
($499.0)
($1,996.0)
($1,609.0)
($11,579.0)
($14.0)
($23,240.0)
($277.0)
$1,714.0
$1,018.0
$454.0
69
-------
Program Project
Facilities Infrastructure and
Operations (other activities)
Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure
and Operations
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Pesticides Licensing
Pesticides: Protect Human Health
from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Protect the Environment
from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Realize the Value of
Pesticide Availability
Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Global Change
Clean Air
Research: Air, Climate and
Energy (other activities)
Subtotal, Research: Air, Climate
and Energy
Subtotal, Research: Air, Climate and
Energy
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water
Resources
Research: Safe and Sustainable
Water Resources
Drinking Water
Water Quality
Research: Safe and
Sustainable Water
Resources (other activities)
Subtotal, Research: Safe and
Sustainable Water Resources
Subtotal, Research: Safe and Sustainable
Water Resources
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy
Communities
FY 2010
Enacted
$9,534.0
$72,918.0
$72,918.0
$3,750.0
$2,279.0
$537.0
$6,566.0
$20,822.0
$81,605.0
$9,022.0
$111,449.0
$111,449.0
$49,103.0
$61,918.0
$52.0
$111,073.0
$111,073.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$7,587.2
$72,841.7
$72,841.7
$4,146.4
$2,285.9
$505.1
$6,937.4
$19,646.9
$74,670.2
$8,441.0
$102,758.1
$102,758.1
$50,346.0
$58,586.9
$0.0
$108,932.9
$108,932.9
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$9,534.0
$72,918.0
$72,918.0
$3,750.0
$2,279.0
$537.0
$6,566.0
$20,822.0
$81,605.0
$9,022.0
$111,449.0
$111,449.0
$49,103.0
$61,918.0
$52.0
$111,073.0
$111,073.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$9,951.0
$76,521.0
$76,521.0
$3,839.0
$2,448.0
$544.0
$6,831.0
$20,805.0
$83,102.0
$4,093.0
$108,000.0
$108,000.0
$52,495.0
$66,229.0
$52.0
$118,776.0
$118,776.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$417.0
$3,603.0
$3,603.0
$89.0
$169.0
$7.0
$265.0
($17.0)
$1,497.0
($4,929.0)
($3,449.0)
($3,449.0)
$3,392.0
$4,311.0
$0.0
$7,703.0
$7,703.0
70
-------
Program Project
Human Health
Ecosystems
Research: Sustainable and
Healthy Communities
(other activities)
Subtotal, Research: Sustainable
and Healthy Communities
Subtotal, Research: Sustainable
Communities
Research: Chemical Safety and
Sustainability
Human Health Risk Assessment
Research: Chemical Safety and
Sustainability
Endocrine Disrupters
Computational Toxicology
Research: Chemical Safety
and Sustainability (other
activities)
Subtotal, Research: Chemical
Safety and Sustainability
Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety and
Sustainability
Water: Human Health Protection
Drinking Water Programs
Congressional Priorities
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Subtotal, Congressionally
Mandated Projects
TOTAL, EPA
FY 2010
Enacted
$54,180.0
$71,698.0
$62,217.0
$188,095.0
$188,095.0
$42,899.0
$11,350.0
$20,044.0
$46,437.0
$77,831.0
$120,730.0
$3,637.0
$5,700.0
$5,700.0
$848,049.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$54,324.6
$68,805.1
$59,873.0
$183,002.7
$183,002.7
$41,516.4
$12,471.9
$13,929.9
$48,819.3
$75,221.1
$116,737.5
$3,889.3
$4,568.0
$4,568.0
$817,677.7
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$53,180.0
$70,698.0
$62,217.0
$186,095.0
$186,095.0
$42,899.0
$11,350.0
$20,044.0
$46,437.0
$77,831.0
$120,730.0
$3,637.0
$5,700.0
$5,700.0
$846,049.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$45,392.0
$60,905.0
$64,729.0
$171,026.0
$171,026.0
$42,400.0
$16,883.0
$21,209.0
$57,565.0
$95,657.0
$138,057.0
$3,787.0
$0.0
$0.0
$825,596.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($8,788.0)
($10,793.0)
$2,512.0
($17,069.0)
($17,069.0)
($499.0)
$5,533.0
$1,165.0
$11,128.0
$17,826.0
$17,327.0
$150.0
($5,700.0)
($5,700.0)
($22,453.0)
71
-------
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
72
-------
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$20,791.0
$9,963.0
$30,754.0
88.6
FY2010
Actuals
$20,664.3
$9,329.3
$29,993.6
83.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$20,791.0
$9,963.0
$30,754.0
88.6
FY2012
Pres Budget
$20,842.0
$9,797.0
$30,639.0
86.7
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$51.0
($166.0)
($115.0)
-1.9
Program Project Description:
This program develops, implements, assesses, and provides regulatory and modeling support for
federally-administered, multi-state programs that address major regional and national air issues
from the power sector and other large stationary sources. Trading programs help implement the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and reduce acid deposition, toxics
deposition, and regional haze. Pollutants include sulfur dioxide (862), nitrogen oxides (NOX),
and, as a co-benefit of 862 emission reductions, mercury. Current operating programs include
the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) seasonal and annual programs for interstate control of
ozone and fine particle (PM2.5) pollution, as well as Acid Rain's SO2 and NOX emission
reduction programs authorized under Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments
(described in the Clean Air Allowance Trading Program description under Environmental
Programs and Management).
In accordance with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Court's State
of North Carolina vs. the Environmental Protection Agency decision in December 2008, the
Clean Air Interstate Rule, promulgated by EPA in May 2005, will "remain in effect until it is
replaced by a rule consistent with [the Court's July 11, 2008] opinion" so as to "at least
temporarily preserve the environmental values covered by CAIR."1 The Court remanded CAIR
to EPA for further rulemaking consistent with the opinion and, concurrently, told EPA and the
affected states to proceed with full and timely implementation of the original rule provisions to
cut SC>2 and NOX emissions. CAIR was designed to control the contribution of transported SC>2
and NOX to ozone and PM2.s nonattainment areas in the Eastern U.S. Transported 862 and NOX
emissions are significant contributors to nonattainment in many states and, pursuant to the "good
neighbor" provision of the CAA, upwind states must share responsibility for achieving air
quality goals.
All the 28 affected states and the District of Columbia elected to achieve the mandated
reductions primarily by controlling power plant emissions through an EPA-administered
U.S. Court of Appeals for the B.C. Circuit, No. 05-1244, page 3 (decided December 23, 2008).
73
-------
interstate cap-and-trade program. Under CAIR, Phase 1, annual SC>2 and NOX emissions are
capped and there is an additional seasonal NOX cap for states with sources that contribute
significantly to transported ozone pollution. Both the CAIR NOX and 862 control programs
began on schedule in 2009 and 2010, respectively.
In 2009, when compliance with the CAIR NOX programs became mandatory, ozone season NOX
emissions fell in every state in the program. Units in the seasonal program reduced their overall
NOX emissions from 689,000 tons in 2008 to 495,000 tons in 2009. A 22 percent improvement
in emission rate, coupled with an 11 percent drop in heat input, accounted for this reduction. The
introduction of the annual CAIR NOX program in 2009 cut year-round emissions substantially as
program participants operated control devices outside the summer months. Annual NOX
emissions from electric generating units (EGUs) fell 43 percent while power demand (as
measured by heat input) for those sources dropped only 10 percent. For additional information
on CAIR, please visit http://www.epa.gov/oar/cair.
On July 6, 2010, EPA finalized its proposal for a Transport Rule to replace CAIR utilizing
approaches consistent with the Court's opinion. The proposed Transport Rule satisfies three
requirements:
1) Fulfills EPA's legal obligation to provide federal implementation plans or FIPs to reduce
air pollution that significantly affects another state;
2) Clarifies state obligations to reduce pollution affecting other states under the CAA; and
3) Responds to the court ruling vacating the 2005 CAIR and the 2006 CAIR FIPs.
EPA intends to finalize this proposed rule as soon as possible to help provide certainty for
sources and states. The rule will clarify that emissions reductions needed for states to address the
interstate air pollution transport problem will continue, and that greater needed reductions will
occur in the future.
EPA is responsible for managing the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), a long-
term atmospheric deposition monitoring network, established in 1987, that serves as the nation's
primary source for atmospheric data on the dry deposition component of acid deposition, rural
ground-level ozone, and other forms of particulate and gaseous air pollution. Used in
conjunction with the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and other networks,
CASTNET's long-term datasets and data products are used to determine the efficacy of national
and regional emission control programs through monitoring geographic patterns and temporal
trends in ambient air quality and atmospheric deposition in non-urban areas of the country.
Maintaining a robust long-term atmospheric deposition monitoring network is critical for the
accountability of the Acid Rain Program and regional programs for controlling transported
emissions and air pollution.
Surface water chemistry is a direct indicator of the environmental effects of acid deposition and
enables assessment of how water bodies and aquatic ecosystems are responding to reductions in
sulfur and nitrogen emissions. Two EPA-administered programs, the Temporally Integrated
Monitoring of Ecosystems (TIME) program and the Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) program,
were specifically designed to assess whether the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments have been
74
-------
effective in reducing the acidity of surface waters in sensitive areas. Both programs are operated
cooperatively with numerous partners in state agencies, academic institutions, and other federal
agencies.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA will:
Begin implementation of the First Phase of the Transport Rule to assure that NOx and
SC>2 emissions reductions being achieved under CAIR will continue. The timing of rule
implementation phases addresses the Court's concern that compliance deadlines consider
downwind state NAAQS attainment deadlines. The First Phase begins in FY 2012,
aligned with 2012 ozone NAAQS attainment deadlines.
Provide legal support as needed for the Transport Rule and analysis of modifications so
control of emissions transport across state lines is synchronized with any changes to the
ozone and PM 2.s standards. Implementation of the Second Phase of the Transport Rule
is aligned with the first deadline for daily PM 2.5 NAAQS attainment.
Assist states and sources in transitioning from the CAIR NOx and SC>2 control programs
to implementation of the Transport Rule. Provide technical assistance to states in
implementing state plans and rules for NOx and SO2 control programs under the
Transport Rule. Assist states in resolving issues related to source applicability, emissions
monitoring, monitor certification and reporting.
Modify and transition operating infrastructure from CAIR to Transport Rule
implementation. Effective and efficient operation of multi-state programs for controlling
interstate emissions transport depends critically upon ongoing maintenance and
continuous improvement of the e-GOV infrastructure supporting the electronic emissions
reporting, monitor certification, and compliance determination systems.
Ensure accurate and consistent results for the program. Successful air pollution control
and trading programs require accurate and consistent monitoring of emissions from
affected sources. Work will continue on performance specifications and investigating
monitoring alternatives and methods to improve the efficiency of monitor certification
and emissions data reporting.
Assist states with considering regional programs for EGUs to comply with the
110(A)(2)(d) requirements generated by the new ozone standard. EPA will work with
states to create flexible approaches, such as cap-and-trade programs and emissions
averaging, where they potentially could be more cost-effective than application of source-
specific emission standards.
In FY 2012, the program will continue to provide analytical support for the interagency National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). NAPAP coordinates federal acid deposition
research and monitoring of emissions, acidic deposition, and their effects, including assessing the
costs and benefits of Title IV.
75
-------
In FY 2012, the program will continue to manage CASTNET. The FY 2012 request level for
CASTNET is $3.95M.2 In addition, the program will continue managing the TIME and LTM
programs for monitoring surface water chemistry and aquatic ecosystem response in sensitive
areas of the U.S. The FY 2012 request level for TEVIE/LTM is $0.83M.
Reducing emissions of 862 and NOx remains a crucial component of EPA's strategy for cleaner
air. Particulate matter can be formed from direct sources (such as diesel exhaust or smoke), but
also can be formed through chemical reactions in the air. Emissions of SC>2 and NOx can be
chemically transformed into sulfate and nitrates that are very tiny particles which, when inhaled,
can cause serious respiratory problems and may lead to premature mortality. Sulfates and
nitrates can be carried, by winds, hundreds of miles from the emitting source. These same small
particles also are a main pollutant that impairs visibility across large areas of the country,
particularly damaging in national parks known for their scenic views. Nitrogen dioxide
emissions also contribute substantially to the formation of ground-level ozone. Ozone, when
inhaled in sufficient concentrations, can cause serious respiratory problems.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program also supports performance results in the Clean Air Allowance Trading
Programs under the Environmental Program Management Tab and can be found in the
Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$182.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(+$16.0) This reflects an increase in contracts funding to support the finalization of the
CAIR replacement rule.
Statutory Authority:
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-7661f).
' For additional information on CASTNET, please visit http://www.epa. gov/CASTNET/.
76
-------
Climate Protection Program
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Address Climate Change
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$113,044.0
$19,797.0
$132,841.0
226.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$109,726.1
$20,126.8
$129,852.9
243.8
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$113,044.0
$19,797.0
$132,841.0
226.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$111,419.0
$16,345.0
$127,764.0
258.4
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($1,625.0)
($3,452.0)
($5,077.0)
32.4
Program Project Description:
The Clean Automotive Technology (CAT) program provides EPA with laboratory and real-
world assessments and demonstrations of promising advanced, high-efficiency and low-GHG
technologies that can better protect the environment and save energy. The CAT program has
developed very advanced and unique technical expertise of diesel, alcohol and gasoline engine
combustion and hydraulic hybrid vehicle propulsion. Its extensive work with advanced series
hybrids and ultra clean engines has provided a deep understanding of the technology pathways
and their potential to cost-effectively achieve large reductions of criteria and GHG emissions
from both cars and trucks. For more information about CAT, please visit:
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/technology.
The CAT program uses its engine and powertrain experience to assist the development of future
low-GHG cars and trucks. This valuable expertise helps develop and demonstrate technology
options, assess technical viability, determine benefits, and evaluate costs in support of industry
efforts to reduce future GHG emissions. Thorough knowledge of emerging engine, electric
hybrid, hydraulic hybrid and plug-in technologies enables more informed assessments of future
GHG reduction options. This knowledge increases the productivity of EPA's efforts to formulate
technology-forcing GHG standards and GHG regulatory effects through considering the real-
world potential of various technologies within the regulatory timeframe.
The CAT program also uses its technology know-how and expertise to assist companies wishing
to rapidly deploy cost-effective low greenhouse gas (GHG) technologies into the transportation
sector of the economy. The CAT program's technology transfer collaboration occurs with
universities, as well as automotive, trucking, and fleet industries. Through cooperative research
and development agreements (CRADA), EPA demonstrates innovative technologies that can
extend the range of battery vehicles and advance hybrids with clean-engine technologies in
vehicles such as minivans, SUVs, pickup trucks, urban delivery trucks, school buses, shuttle
buses, refuse trucks, and plug-in hybrids. These demonstrations establish the practical feasibility
of low cost technologies capable of large GHG reductions, thus providing direct support to mid-
term GHG regulation.
77
-------
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the CAT Program will:
Demonstrate doubling battery range of all-electric commercial vehicles using hydraulic
technology - In congested urban operation, most of a battery-only vehicle's energy is
needed for accelerations. As more than 50% of the energy supplied to the wheels is
available for recovery, significantly improving the regenerative braking systems for these
electric vehicles could as much as double their range (or conversely, reduce the size of
the battery). Demonstration of this new application of hydraulic technology to all-
electric vehicles will allow evaluation of vehicle performance and project cost reductions.
Evaluate and demonstrate high fuel efficiency, packaging, noise, vibration and harshness
(NVH), and cost of series hydraulic hybrid technology in minivans/pickup trucks - Apply
EPA's expertise and know-how to address challenges that are unique to series hydraulic
hybrid technology in light-duty vehicles. Solving these difficult packaging, noise and
cost issues would create powerful affordable low-GHG reduction solutions that could be
easily applied to vehicle fleets to reduce greenhouse gases from the US and globally.
Assess commercially viable high-efficiency low-GHG spark-ignition engines for light and
heavy vehicles - Fundamental research suggests that an 18 to 28 percent improvement in
gasoline and alcohol engine efficiency is possible beyond today's state-of-the-art engines,
while maintaining criteria emission reductions. Demonstration of these technologies will
identify practical efficiency benefits, performance limitations, fuel requirements (octane
sulfur, etc.), as well as validate low cost projections.
Partner on series hydraulic hybrid/clean engine shuttles with California South Coast Air
Quality Management District - Demonstrate low GHG potential from shuttle buses
equipped with series hydraulic hybrid technology and powered by the world's first
gasoline HCCI engine. The HCCI engine gets diesel efficiency from gasoline fuel
without the need for costly diesel after treatment. This phase of the partnership will
begin a real-world evaluation of a pilot fleet of vehicles with ultra clean gasoline HCCI
engines to determine its durability and cost-effectiveness to reduce emissions and GHGs.
Transfer technology to affordably double fuel efficiency of urban commercial vehicles -
Uphold CRADA commitments established in 2010 to transfer EPA's advances in
hydraulic hybrid technologies (promote adoption of technology and technical assistance),
providing continuity in EPA's commitments to the truck and fleet industry for
development and deployment of affordable heavy hybrids. In addition, the program will
continue the technology transfer of EPA's advances in clean engine combustion
technologies (such as clean combustion gasoline homogeneous-charge compression
ignition (HCCI) engines and high-efficiency E85 engines).
78
-------
Performance Targets:
The Clean Automotive Technology program is working through its technology transfer
demonstration projects with industry to develop performance data that definitively quantifies the
"real-world" vehicle greenhouse gas reduction potential of these clean automotive technologies.
EPA's initial testing of two of its real-world hydraulic hybrid vehicles (HHV) showed significant
improvement in fuel economy.
The CAT program has added to its commercialization goals to include technology transfer for
the first phase of retrofitting hydraulic hybrid and engine technology in medium and heavy
commercial trucks through 2013, and in light-duty vehicles through 2015.
Work under this program supports the strategic objective: "Addressing Climate Change."
Currently, there are no performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$77.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$33.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several agencywide IT projects such as
email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk standardization, and others
totaling $10 million agencywide. Savings in individual areas may be offset by increased
mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
(-$202.0) This reflects a reduction to EPA's technology transfer support for cooperative
research and development agreement (CRADA) partners working to commercialize
hydraulic hybrid retrofit for high-volume hybridization of on-the-road medium
commercial vehicles.
(-$318.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$1,976.0) This reduction reflects a phase down of the federal cost-share for California
technology demonstration partnerships (with South Coast Air Quality Management
District, California Air Resources Board, and California Energy Commission), requiring
California to pick up a greater share of the cost in order to demonstrate these advanced
technologies in their fleets.
(-$1,000.0) Funding will be discontinued in this appropriation for the ENERGY STAR
program since ENERGY STAR work under the Science and Technology appropriation will
be completed in FY 2010. Funding for ENERGY STAR is continued in the Environmental
Programs and Management appropriation.
79
-------
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. - Sections 102, 103, 104, and 108; Pollution
Prevention Act, 42 U.S.C. 13101 et seq. - Sections 6602, 6603, 6604, and 6605; NEPA, 42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq. - Section 102; Global Climate Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. 2901 - Section
1103; FTTA, 15 U.S.C. - Section 3701a.
80
-------
Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$99,619.0
$11,443.0
$111,062.0
714.7
FY2010
Actuals
$103,224.6
$12,480.6
$115,705.2
707.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$99,619.0
$11,443.0
$111,062.0
714.7
FY2012
Pres Budget
$133,822.0
$7,650.0
$141,472.0
850.6
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$34,203.0
($3,793.0)
$30,410.0
135.9
Program Project Description:
Federal support for the criteria pollutant and air toxics programs includes a variety of tools to
help characterize ambient air quality and the level of risk to the public from toxics in the air, and
to help measure national progress toward improving air quality and reducing air toxics risk. The
program supports development of State Implementation Plans (SIPs) through modeling and other
tools. The program also develops and provides information and tools to assist state, local, and
tribal agencies, as well as communities, to reduce air toxics emissions and risk specific to their
local areas. Finally, the program includes activities related to the stationary source residual risk
program, which involves an assessment of source categories subject to Maximum Achievable
Control Technology standards to determine if more stringent standards are needed to further
reduce the risks to public health (taking into account developments in practices, processes, and
control technologies).
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
As part of implementing the ozone and fine particulate matter (PM^.s) standards, EPA will
continue providing state and local governments with substantial assistance in developing SIPs
during FY 2012. EPA will ensure national consistency in how conformity determinations are
conducted across the U.S., and the Agency will work with state and local air quality agencies to
ensure that PM2.5 hot-spot analyses are conducted in a manner consistent with the transportation
conformity regulation and guidance. EPA also will assist areas in identifying the most cost-
effective control options available and provide guidance, as needed, for areas that implement
conformity.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to assist state, tribal, and local agencies in implementing and
assessing the effectiveness of national clean air programs via a broad suite of analytical tools.
EPA is working to implement improvements to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) federal program, within current statutory limitations, that address deficiencies in
design and implementation and identify and evaluate needed improvements. The air quality
grants and permitting program will be improved by implementing updates to the grant allocation
processes to ensure resources are properly targeted and utilizing program efficiency measures.
81
-------
In FY 2012, EPA will work with partners to continue improving emission factors and
inventories, including a better automated, higher quality National Emissions Inventory. This
effort includes gathering improved activity databases and using geographic information systems
and satellite remote sensing, where possible, for key point, area, mobile, and fugitive source
categories and global emission events. A key part of EPA's improved emissions factors
development program relies upon electronic submissions of emissions data directly from the
sources affected by our regulations. The data that are required for improving our emissions
factors are the same data that are required to review regulations. By obtaining the data as it is
being collected, EPA's goal with this effort is to reduce the need for developing information
collection requests that are typical every time the Agency begins the rule development process.
The electronic collection of data will not only expedite the development and revision of
emissions factors, but it will also allow EPA to develop rules in a more efficient manner once the
electronic data collection program is fully operational. EPA also is working on improving
monitoring systems to fill data gaps and to get a better assessment of actual population exposure
to toxic air pollution.
Performance Targets:
EPA, collaborating with the states, will implement federal measures, assist with the development
of SIPs, and develop air toxics tools to continue improving air quality (as measured by the air
quality index and other measures) and to continue reducing air toxics risk.
Work under this program also supports performance results in the Federal Support for Air
Quality Management Program in the Environmental Program Management Tab and can be found
in the Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$123.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$4,751.0 / -28.2 FTE) This represents the outgoing transfer of mobile source resources,
including 28.2 FTE with associated payroll of $4,097.0, to the Federal Vehicle and Fuels
Standards and Certification Program in support of a sector-based multi-pollutant
approach to air quality management.
(+$968.0) This represents the incoming transfer of stationary source resources from the
Federal Support for Air Toxics program. The Federal Support for Air Toxics Program
has been consolidated with this program in support of a sector-based multi-pollutant
approach to air quality management.
(-$56.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
82
-------
(-$77.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-7661f).
83
-------
Federal Support for Air Toxics Program
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$24,446.0
$2,398.0
$26,844.0
145.8
FY2010
Actuals
$23,468.8
$2,381.7
$25,850.5
138.8
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$24,446.0
$2,398.0
$26,844.0
145.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($24,446.0)
($2,398.0)
($26,844.0)
-145.8
Program Project Description:
Federal support for the air toxics program includes a variety of tools to help characterize the
level of risk to the public from toxics in the air and help measure the Agency's progress in
reducing this risk. The program develops and provides information and tools to assist state, local,
and tribal agencies as well as communities to reduce air toxics emissions and risk specific to
their local areas. The program also includes activities related to the Stationary Source Residual
Risk Program.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
All activities in this program will be assumed by the Federal Support for Air Quality
Management Program and the Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification Program to
support the switch to a sector-based multi-pollutant approach to air quality management.
Performance Targets:
There are no FY 2012 performance targets associated with this program project because the
resources have been transferred to the Federal Support for Air Quality Management Program and
the Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification Program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$968.0) This represents a transfer of funding and program responsibilities for the
Stationary Source Program to the Federal Support for Air Quality Management Program
in support of a sector-based multi-pollutant approach to air quality management.
(-$1,430.0 / -5.4 FTE) This represents a transfer of funding and program responsibilities
for the mobile source program, including 5.4 FTE with associated payroll of $776.0, to
the Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification program in support of a sector-
based multi-pollutant approach to air quality management.
84
-------
Statutory Authority:
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-7661f).
85
-------
Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Address Climate Change; Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$91,782.0
$91,782.0
306.2
FY2010
Actuals
$87,648.2
$87,648.2
309.7
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$91,782.0
$91,782.0
306.2
FY2012
Pres Budget
$100,578.0
$100,578.0
357.8
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$8,796.0
$8,796.0
51.6
Program Project Description:
The most common mobile sources of air pollution are highway motor vehicles and their fuels.
Other mobile sources, such as airplanes, ships, construction equipment and lawn mowers also
produce significant amounts of air pollution. EPA establishes national emissions standards for
each of these sources to reduce the production of air pollution. The Agency also provides
emissions and fuel economy information for new cars, and educates consumers on the ways their
actions affect the environment.
Primary responsibilities include developing, implementing, and ensuring compliance with
national standards to reduce mobile source-related air pollution from light-duty cars and trucks,
heavy-duty trucks and buses, nonroad engines and vehicles and their fuels; evaluating emission
control technology; and providing state, tribal, and local air quality managers and transportation
planners with access to information on transportation programs and incentive-based programs.
Other activities include testing vehicles, engines and fuels, and establishing test procedures for,
and determining compliance with, federal emissions and fuel economy standards.
EPA works with states and local governments to ensure the technical integrity of the mobile
source controls in State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and transportation conformity
determinations. EPA also develops and provides information and tools to assist state, local, and
tribal agencies, as well as communities, to reduce air toxics emissions and risks specific to their
local areas. Reductions in emissions of mobile source air toxics, such as diesel particulate matter
(PM), are achieved through establishing national emissions standards and innovative partnership
approaches working with state, local, and tribal governments, as well as a variety of stakeholder
groups.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Climate Change
In FY 2012, EPA will undertake a number of critical mobile source related actions to implement
the Administrator's priority to take common-sense actions to address climate change. These
efforts will include actions to implement the first-ever harmonized fuel economy and greenhouse
86
-------
gas (GHG) emission standards for light-duty vehicles (model years 2012-2016) which were
finalized by EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in April
2010 (40 CR Parts 85, 86 and 600). EPA also will be responding to the President's May 2010
directive to work with NHTSA to finalize first-time fuel economy and GHG emission standards
for heavy-duty vehicles, which are the transportation sector's second largest contributor to oil
consumption and GHG emissions. In addition, EPA will be responding to the President's
directive to work with NHTSA to develop a coordinated national program that will set further
standards to improve fuel efficiency and reduce GHG emissions for light-duty vehicles for model
years 2017 and later. All of these programs have the goal of taking coordinated steps to deliver a
new generation of clean vehicles, and to do this through a cohesive federal program that also is
harmonized with applicable state requirements. In addition, the Agency will continue its work to
assess GHG emissions from non-road sources, specifically ocean-going vessels and aircraft.
EPA is participating in the appropriate international forums for ocean-going vessels
(International Maritime Organization-IMO) and aircraft (International Civil Aviation
Organization-ICAO) in order to coordinate its efforts to address GHG emissions from these
sources.
In the fuels arena, EPA will continue to implement the new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2)
program and carry out several other actions required by the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005
and the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. EISA dramatically expanded
the renewable fuels provisions of EPAct and requires additional EPA studies in various areas of
renewable fuel use.
Energy Independence and Security Act
Type of Fuel (Categories)
Total Renewable Fuels by 2022
Corn Ethanol (Starch Based)
Advanced Biofuels - Includes imported biofuels and
biodiesel.
Includes 1 billion gpy biodiesel starting in 2009
All must achieve > 50% reduction of GHG emissions
from baseline*
Cellulosic Fuels - Includes cellulosic ethanol,
biobutanol, green diesel, green gasoline
All must achieve >60% reduction of GHG emissions from
baseline*
Billions of
Gallons/Yr
36BGY
15BGYcap
21
16
*
Baseline = average lifecycle GHG emissions as determined by EPA Administrator for gasoline or diesel
(whichever is being replaced by the renewable fuel) sold or distributed as transportation fuel in 2005
EISA requires that EPA set an annual RFS standard and the 2012 RFS standard will be
promulgated in FY 2012. EISA also required EPA to develop a comprehensive lifecycle GHG
methodology to implement the Act's GHG threshold requirements. A multi-year testing
emission program to address the EPAct/EISA requirements will be completed in FY 2011. The
testing program evaluates the impact of fuel properties (e.g., aromatic content, vapor pressure,
distillation properties, ethanol content, etc.) on light-duty vehicle emissions. In FY 2012, EPA
87
-------
will continue evaluating the results of the testing program, incorporating the newly gathered data
into emission models and regulatory analyses. The results from this program will be used to
update the Agency's fuel effects model used to support regulations. In FY 2012, the Agency also
will continue to implement its real-time reporting system to ensure compliance with RFS2
provisions. This real-time system will handle 4,000 to 6,000 submissions per day, encompassing
30,000 to 40,000 transactions per day, and the generation of 1.2 billion Renewable Identification
Numbers (RINs) per month. RINs are assigned to each gallon of renewable fuel generated, and
recording RINs allows for an accurate tracking of the renewable throughout the supply chain. In
addition, the Agency will continue to develop and update lifecycle models to allow assessment
of new biofuel technologies and to evaluate feedstocks and fuel pathways for future fuels and
processes.
FY 2012 represents year four in EPA's five-year modernization plan to upgrade its vehicle,
engine, and fuel testing capabilities at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
(NVFEL). Because EPA is responsible for establishing the test procedures needed to measure
emissions and estimate the fuel economy of new vehicles, and for verifying car manufacturers'
data on fuel economy, the Agency is investing in additional testing and certification capacity to
ensure that new vehicles, engines, and fuels are in compliance with new vehicle and fuel
standards. The new standards for vehicle greenhouse gas emissions in particular will require
EPA to more frequently verify car manufacturers' data for a greater variety of vehicle and engine
technologies. To prepare for this workload, the Agency will continue its support of the multi-
year National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) modernization effort. In FY
2012, $6.2 million will be allocated to the NVFEL modernization effort, addressing EPA's
highest priority needs related to certifying new heavy-duty vehicles with GHG emissions
standards.
Concurrent with the upgrade of the NVFEL testing facilities and equipment, EPA is requesting 8
additional FTE to address the increased workload resulting from growth in its vehicle and
compliance program in both size and complexity. The FY 2012 workload reflects a more than
four-fold increase in the number of vehicle and engine certificates EPA issues and much more
challenging oversight requirements for both the vehicle/engine compliance program and fuels
programs due to the diversity of sophisticated technologies and the expanded international
universe of the regulated parties that must be monitored to ensure a fair competitive playing field
Clean Air
EPA will continue to achieve results in reducing pollution from mobile sources, especially
nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions associated with national emissions standards included in the
Agency's National Clean Diesel Campaign. The Tier 2 Vehicle program, which took effect in
2004, will make new cars, SUVs, and pickup trucks 77 to 95 percent cleaner than 2003 models.
The Clean Trucks and Buses program, which began in 2007, will make new highway diesel
engines as much as 95 percent cleaner than current models. Under the Non-road Diesel
Program, new fuel and engine requirements will reduce sulfur in off-highway diesel by more
than 99 percent. Under the recently finalized Locomotive and Marine Engines Rule, new fuel
and engine requirements will reduce dangerous fine particle pollution (PM) by 90 percent and
NOx by 80 percent for newly-built locomotives and marine diesel engines. Combined, these
-------
measures will prevent over 26,000 premature deaths each year, reduce millions of tons of
pollution a year, and prevent hundreds of thousands of respiratory illnesses by 2030.
Clean Fuel/Engine Standards will Lead to
Substantial Air Quality/Health Benefits in 2030
2030
NOx (short tons)
PM25 (short tons)
VOC (short tons)
SOx (short tons)
Cost
Net Benefits
Avoided Premature
Mortality
Avoided Hospital
Admission
Avoided Lost Work
Days
Light-duty
Tier 2
2,800,000
36,000
401,000
281,000
$5 billion
$25 billion
4,300
3,000
700,000
Heavy-duty
2007
2,600,000
109,000
115,000
142,000
$4 billion
$70 billion
8,300
7,100
1 .5 million
Nonroad
Diesel
Tier 4
738,000
1 29,000
34,000
376,000
$2 billion
$80 billion
12,000
8,900
1 .0 million
Locomotive
& Marine
Diesel
795,000
27,000
43,000
0
$740 million
$11 billion
1,400
870
1 20,000
2030 Total
6,933,000
301 ,000
593,000
799,000
$11. 74 billion
$186 billion
26,000
1 9,870
3,320,000
In addition, the recently finalized rule to control emissions from ocean-going vessels will reduce
NOx emission rates by 80 percent and PM emission rates by 85 percent, compared to the current
limits applicable to this class of marine engines, and prevent an additional 13,000 premature
deaths annually (40 CFR Parts 80, 85, et al).
Additional emission reductions from light-duty vehicles will be a key strategy in helping areas
attain the ozone, PM, and nitrogen dioxide (NC>2) National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQSs) and in reducing exposure to toxics for the millions of people living, working, or
going to school near major roads. In FY 2012, EPA will work on new light-duty vehicle control
regulations (Tier 3), which could include tighter NOx standards, off-cycle standards, and PM
standards for gasoline vehicles. The Tier 3 program may also include lower limits for sulfur in
gasoline that will enable tighter emission standards by allowing more efficient aftertreatment.
Gasoline sulfur control could also provide immediate benefits through in-use fleet and
greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction co-benefits. The program will address any needs for
mitigation of adverse air quality impacts that might develop from the increased use of renewable
fuels (e.g., increase in NOx due to increases in ethanol use).
EPA's NVFEL will continue to conduct testing operations on motor vehicles, heavy-duty
engines, nonroad engines, and fuels to certify that all vehicles, engines, and fuels that enter the
U.S. market comply with all federal clean air and fuel economy standards. The NVFEL will
continue to conduct vehicle emission tests as part of pre-production tests, certification audits, in-
use assessments, and recall programs to ensure compliance with mobile source clean air
programs. Tests are conducted on a spot check basis on motor vehicles, heavy-duty engines,
nonroad engines, and fuels to: 1) certify that vehicles and engines meet federal air emission and
fuel economy standards; 2) ensure engines comply with in-use requirements; and 3) ensure fuels,
89
-------
fuel additives, and exhaust compounds meet federal standards. In FY 2012, EPA will continue
to conduct testing activities for tailpipe emissions, fuel economy, gasoline sulfur, reformulated
gasoline, ultra low sulfur diesel, alternative fuel vehicle conversion certifications, Onboard
Diagnostics (OBD) evaluations, certification audits, and recall programs. In addition to these
testing activities, EPA will continue expanding its compliance testing of heavy-duty and nonroad
engines.
In FY 2012, EPA anticipates reviewing and approving approximately 5,000 vehicle and engine
emissions certification requests, including light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty diesel engines,
nonroad engines, marine engines, locomotives and others. This represents a significant expansion
in EPA's certification burden over previous years, due in part to the addition of certification
requirements for stationary engines and for marine and small spark-ignited engines.
The Number of EPA-lssued Vehicle and Engine
Certificates Have More Than Quadrupled Since 1995
Model Year 1995 Certificates
Total = 810
LDV. ICL Alt Fuel. HMC,
OFMC. HDDE. HDGE
Model Year 2008 Certificates
Total = 3,640+
^.
Large SI-59 ***«-HI NRCI-618 Small SI - 1.06:
Locomotive - 76 ATV - 304 Snowmobiles - 37 Marine CI - 137
LDV - 512 IC1 - 10 Alt Fuel - 24 HMC - 485
OFMC-71 1IDDE-75 IIDGE-30
Projected
Model Year
2012
Certificates
Total = 5,000+
Certification and compliance testing of advanced technologies such as plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles, light-duty diesel applications, and advanced after-treatment for heavy-duty highway
vehicles will be a major focus in FY 2012. The Agency also will continue to review the in-use
verification program data submitted by vehicle manufacturers to determine whether there are any
emissions compliance issues. In addition, EPA will continue to expand its web-based
compliance information system to be used by manufacturers and EPA staff to house compliance
data for all regulated vehicles and engines. EPA will continue to be responsible for vehicle
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and gas guzzler fuel economy testing and for
providing the fuel economy data to the Department of Transportation, the Department of Energy,
and the Internal Revenue Service. In FY 2012, EPA expects to expend significant resources on
ensuring compliance with certification as well as in-use requirements for foreign-built engines
and equipment.
A rule establishing onboard diagnostics (OBD) requirements for nonroad engines will be
developed in FY 2012. To meet the new nonroad diesel standards, engine manufacturers will
produce engines that are going to be more complex and dependent on electronic controls, similar
to highway engines. OBD standards are needed to ensure that engines are properly maintained
and compliant, ensuring that the full benefits of the emission standards are realized in the real
world. In addition, EPA will implement an in-use compliance testing program for nonroad diesel
90
-------
engines conducted by diesel engine manufacturers per a consent decree. This program is vital to
ensuring that new engine standards are actually met in-use under real-world conditions. Other
priorities include addressing off-cycle emissions from heavy-duty trucks through the application
of a supplemental test procedure, a rulemaking (in response to court remand) justifying and
updating the 2012 model year standards for snowmobiles, and the promulgation of new jet
aircraft engine emission standards that would align federal rules with international standards and
propose other controls and program upgrades under Clean Air Act (CAA) authority. In addition,
the Agency will continue its efforts to evaluate the use of lead in aviation gasoline and its use in
piston engines.
EPA will continue to support implementation of existing vehicle, engine, and fuel regulations
including the Tier II light-duty (LD) vehicle program, the Mobile Sources Air Toxics (MSAT)
programs, the 2007-2010 Heavy-Duty (HD) Diesel standards, and the Non-Road Diesel Tier 4
standards (and earlier nonroad standards) in order to ensure the successful delivery of cleaner
vehicles, equipment, and fuel. The Agency also will continue implementation activities for the
Locomotives/Marine rule finalized in 2008 and for small gasoline engine standards that began
with model year 2009. Other FY 2012 activities include the implementation of the Agency's
new GHG fuel economy labelling program and ongoing assessment and analysis of emissions
and fuel economy compliance data. Ensuring that emission standards are actually met under
real-world conditions is an essential element of EPA's efforts to ensure fair competition and a
level economic playing field, EPA will continue to implement a manufacturer-run, in-use
compliance surveillance program for highway heavy-duty diesel, locomotive, marine spark
ignition (SI) and large SI engines.
EPA's emission models provide the overarching architecture that supports EPA's regulatory
programs, generating emission factors and inventories needed to quantify emission reductions.
EPA continues to improve in this area with the development of the new mobile source emission
model, MOVES. MOVES is greatly improving the Agency's ability to support the development
of emission control programs, as well as provide support to states in their determination of
program needs to meet air quality standards. The CAA requires regular updates of the emission
models to account for technology changes and new emission data. Assessing mobile source
emissions requires sustained and ongoing emission research resources. In FY 2012, EPA will
continue improving MOVES by implementing emission testing programs to collect the necessary
information from new technologies, incorporating new emission data into the model, and
expanding the application of the model to include additional nonroad sources and toxic
emissions.
As part of implementing the eight-hour ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.s) standards, EPA
will continue to provide state and local governments with substantial assistance in developing
SIPs and making conformity determinations during this period. In FY 2012, EPA will continue
to ensure national consistency in how conformity determinations are conducted across the United
States and continue to ensure consistency in adequacy findings for motor vehicle emissions
budgets in air quality plans, which are used in conformity determinations. EPA also will
continue to work with state and local transportation and air quality agencies to ensure that PM2.5
hot-spot analyses are conducted in a manner consistent with the transportation conformity
regulation and guidance. In addition, EPA will work with states and local governments to ensure
91
-------
the technical integrity of the mobile source controls in the SIPs for the eight-hour ozone and
PM2.5 air quality. EPA also will assist in identifying control options available and provide
guidance, as needed, for areas that implement conformity.
EPA will partner with states, tribes, and local governments to create a comprehensive
compliance program to ensure that vehicles and engines pollute less. EPA will use advanced in-
use measurement techniques and other sources of in-use data to monitor the performance of
OBD systems on vehicle models to make sure that OBD is a reliable check on the emissions
systems. In 2010, basic and/or enhanced vehicle inspection/maintenance testing was being
performed in over 30 states with technical and programmatic guidance from EPA. EPA will
continue to assist state, tribal, and local agencies in implementing and assessing the effectiveness
of national clean air programs via a broad suite of analytical tools.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to work with a broad range of stakeholders to develop voluntary
incentives for different economic sectors (construction, ports, freight, and agriculture) to address
the emissions from existing diesel engines. Even without funds for Diesel Emission Reduction
Act grants, work is being done across these sectors at the national and regional level to clean up
the existing fleet. Reducing emissions from diesel engines will help localities meet the Agency's
NAAQS and reduce exposure to air toxics from diesel engines. EPA also has developed several
emissions testing protocols that will provide potential purchasers of emission control technology
a consistent, third party evaluation of emission control products. EPA has developed
partnerships with state and local governments, industry, and private companies to create project
teams to help fleet owners create the most cost-effective emissions reduction programs.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(N35) Cumulative
Millions of Tons of
Carbon Monoxide
(CO) reduced since
2002 from mobile
sources
FY 2010
Target
1.69
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
1.86
FY 2012
Target
2.03
Units
Tons
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(O33) Cumulative
Millions of Tons of
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
Reduced since 2000
from Mobile Sources
FY 2010
Target
1.71
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
1.88
FY 2012
Target
2.05
Units
Tons
92
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(O34) Cumulative
Millions of Tons of
Nitrogen Oxides
(NOx) Reduced since
2000 from Mobile
Sources
FY 2010
Target
3.39
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
3.73
FY 2012
Target
4.07
Units
Tons
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(P34) Cumulative Tons
of PM-2.5 Reduced
since 2000 from
Mobile Sources
FY 2010
Target
122,434
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
136,677
FY 2012
Target
146,921
Units
Tons
Recent national emissions standards finalized by the Agency also include the control of air toxics
from mobile sources (the Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule in 2007), significantly reducing
hydrocarbon air toxics while delivering PM co-benefits, and the establishment of first-ever
evaporative emission standards for small spark ignition and recreational marine engines (the
Small Si/Recreational Marine Engine Rule in 2008). All together, EPA estimates that six recent
national standards, including the 2007 Heavy Duty, Nonroad Diesel Tier 4, and Light Duty Tier
2 rules, will yield approximately $300 billion in combined benefits annually by 2030.
Performance targets for reduction of toxicity-weighted emissions also are supported by work
under the Federal Stationary Source Regulations program project.
Work under this program project supports the Agency's High Priority Performance Goal
(Priority Goal), addressing measuring and controlling Greenhouse Gases. A list of the Agency's
Priority Goals can be found in Appendix A. For a detailed description of the EPA's Priority
Goals (implementation strategy, measures and milestones) please visit www.Performance.gov.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$433.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$4,115.0) This reflects a decrease in funding for modifications and equipment upgrades
to EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL), which were funded
at $10.3 million in FY 2010. The FY 2012 funding level of $6.2M will be directed
toward the building of a new heavy-duty vehicle certification test site. This new test site
is critical to the Agency's ability to certify that new heavy-duty vehicles sold in the U.S.
93
-------
comply with the new GHG emission standards EPA will be issuing for heavy-duty
vehicles.
(+$1,359.0 / +8.0 FTE) This reflects an increase in FTE to address the more than four-
fold increase in the number of vehicle and engine certificates EPA issues and the much
more challenging oversight requirements for both the vehicle/engine compliance program
and fuels programs due to the diversity of sophisticated technologies and the expanded
international universe of the regulated parties that must be monitored. This includes
payroll of $1,329.0 and travel costs of $30.0.
* (-$268.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide IT projects such
as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk standardization, and others
totaling $10 million agencywide. Savings in individual areas may be offset by increased
mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
(+$2,050.07 +6.0 FTE) This reflects additional resources to support the implementation
of the new national GHG emissions/CAFE standards for passenger cars, light-duty
trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles for model years 2012-2016, compared to the
FY 2010 spending levels. These resources will advance U.S. policy to reduce greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions and improve fuel economy for all new cars and trucks sold in the
United States. This includes $797.0 for associated payroll.
(+$3,996.07 +4.0 FTE) This reflects an increase from FY 2010 spending levels to support
implementation of Heavy-Duty GHG emission standards and for initial analysis and
technology assessment efforts needed to support U.S. participation in international efforts
at EVIO and ICAO to address GHG emissions from ocean-going vessels and commercial
aircraft. This analysis and technology assessment work will include inventory modeling,
compliance modeling, cost estimation, and air quality benefits analysis. This includes
$531.0 for associated payroll.
(+$6,181.07 +33.6 FTE) This reflects an incoming transfer of mobile source resources
and FTE which had been distributed across multiple programs to the Federal Vehicle and
Fuels Standards and Certification program, including 33.6 FTE with associated payroll of
$4,873.0. This increase is offset by an equal decrease through program project
consolidation. This consolidation supports the goals, objectives, and performance
measures of the overall mobile source program.
(+$269.0) This reflects an increase for programmatic laboratory fixed costs.
(-$138.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$971.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
94
-------
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-766If); Motor Vehicle Information Cost Savings Act; Alternative Motor
Fuels Act of 1988; National Highway System Designation Act; NEP Act, SAFETEA-LU of
2005; EPAct of 2005; EISA of 2007; Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards
and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards (40 CR Parts 85, 86 and 600); Control of
Emissions from New Marine Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 30 Liters per Cylinder
(40 CFR 80, 85, 86, 94, 1027, 1033, 1039, 1042, 1043, 1045, 1048, 1051, 1054, 1060, 1065, and
1068).
95
-------
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
96
-------
Indoor Air: Radon Program
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$5,866.0
$453.0
$6,319.0
39.4
FY2010
Actuals
$5,408.1
$485.6
$5,893.7
33.1
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$5,866.0
$453.0
$6,319.0
39.4
FY2012
Pres Budget
$3,901.0
$210.0
$4,111.0
23.1
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($1,965.0)
($243.0)
($2,208.0)
-16.3
Program Project Description:
Title HI of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) directs EPA to undertake a variety of
activities to address the public health risks posed by exposures to indoor radon. The law directs
EPA to study the health effects of radon, assess exposure levels, set an action level and advise
the public of steps they can take to reduce exposure, evaluate mitigation methods, institute
training centers to ensure a supply of competent radon service providers, establish radon
contractor proficiency programs, and assist states with program development through the
administration of a grants program.
This program, combined with the Indoor Air S & T Program, supports the Radiation and Indoor
Environments National Laboratory (R&IE) in Las Vegas, NV. R&IE is the only Federal
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) radon laboratory.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, although the indoor air and radon programs will be shrinking and streamlining some
functions, the funds provided in the President's Budget will allow EPA to achieve results in
indoor radon risk reduction. As part of this reduction, EPA will have to reconsider the provision
of federal radon laboratory services, potentially relying more on the State Indoor Radon Grants
program.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program also supports performance results in the Indoor Air: Radon Program
under the Environmental Program Management Tab and can be found in the Performance Four
Year Array in Tab 11.
97
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$242.07-1.5 FTE) To accommodate this lower funding level, EPA plans to eliminate
lower priority efforts to provide exposure services to support local, state, and federal
radon programs; radon laboratory inter-comparisons and device verification exposures to
support privatized radon proficiency programs; and distribution and analysis of test kits
and analyses for community-based environmental justice partners. The total reduction
includes $158.0 in payroll funding and $4.0 in travel.
(-$1.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990; Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research Act; Title IV of the
SARA of 1986; TSCA, section 6, Titles II and Title III (15 U.S.C. 2605 and 2641-2671); and
IRAA, Section 306.
98
-------
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$20,759.0
$762.0
$21,521.0
63.8
FY2010
Actuals
$19,253.0
$808.0
$20,061.0
63.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$20,759.0
$762.0
$21,521.0
63.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$17,198.0
$370.0
$17,568.0
54.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($3,561.0)
($392.0)
($3,953.0)
-9.5
Program Project Description:
Title IV of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) gives the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) broad authority to conduct and coordinate research on
indoor air quality, develop and disseminate information on the subject, and coordinate efforts at
the federal, state, and local levels.
This program, combined with the Radon S & T Program, supports the Radiation and Indoor
Environments National Laboratory (R&IE) in Las Vegas, NV. R&IE is the only Federal
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) radon laboratory.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to provide limited support to tribal communities with field
measurements and assessments upon request and provide technical support for indoor air quality
remediation.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program also supports performance results in the Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
program under the Environmental Program Management Tab and can be found in the
Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$384.07 -1.5 FTE) To accommodate this lower funding level, EPA plans to eliminate
lower priority in-person tribal training courses on indoor air quality intervention and
remediation approaches as well as lower the lab's capacity for responding to Regional
requests for field measurements, assessments, and technical support. The total reduction
includes $118.0 in payroll funding and $5.0 in travel. With the FY 2012 President's
Budget funding level, EPA will continue to provide limited support to tribal communities
99
-------
with field measurements and assessments upon request and provide technical support for
indoor air quality remediation.
(-$8.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990: Title IV of the SARA of 1986.
100
-------
Radiation: Protection
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Reduce Unnecessary Exposure to Radiation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$11,295.0
$2,095.0
$2,495.0
$15,885.0
88.6
FY2010
Actuals
$11,433.3
$1,962.1
$2,586.2
$15,981.6
84.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$11,295.0
$2,095.0
$2,495.0
$15,885.0
88.6
FY2012
Pres Budget
$9,629.0
$2,096.0
$2,487.0
$14,212.0
76.1
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($1,666.0)
$1.0
($8.0)
($1,673.0)
-12.5
Program Project Description:
This program supports the ongoing radiation protection capability at the National Air and
Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama, and the Radiation and
Indoor Environments National Laboratory (R&IE) in Las Vegas, Nevada. These nationally-
recognized laboratories provide radioanalytical and mixed waste testing and analysis of
environmental samples to support site assessment, clean-up, and response activities for
Superfund projects and in the event of an accident or radiological incident.
Both labs provide technical support for conducting site-specific radiological characterizations
and cleanups, using the best available science to develop risk assessment tools. The labs also
develop guidance, in collaboration with the public, industry, states, tribes, and other
governments, for cleaning up Superfund and other sites that are contaminated with radioactive
materials.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA, in cooperation with states, tribes, and other federal agencies, will provide
ongoing site characterization and analytical support for site assessment activities, remediation
technologies, and measurement and information systems. EPA also will provide training and
direct site assistance including field surveys and monitoring, laboratory analyses, and health and
safety, and risk assessment support at sites with actual or suspected radioactive contamination.
Some of these sites are located near at-risk communities, emphasizing the Administration's
commitment to protecting vulnerable communities.
EPA's laboratories will continue to support EPA Regional Superfund Remedial Project
Managers (RPMs) and On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs), providing laboratory and field-based
radioanalytical and mixed waste analyses. They also provide technical services, guidance, and
standardized procedures.
101
-------
Performance Targets:
EPA's radiation labs are supporting Strategic Plan Goal 1, Objective 4: Reducing Unnecessary
Exposure to Radiation through their ongoing work. The program developed an efficiency
measure that demonstrates EPA's ability to expedite processes while ensuring safe disposal of
transuranic radioactive waste at the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP).
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$11.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$2.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and teleconferencing.
(+$1.0) This is an increase for contracts to support the radiation lab work.
(-$9.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
Atomic Energy Act (AEA) of 1954, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq. (1970), and
Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970; Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990; Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended by the
SARA of 1986; Energy Policy Act (EPA) of 1992, P.L. 102-486; Executive Order 12241 of
September 1980, National Contingency Plan, 3 CFR, 1980; National Oil and Hazardous
Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), 40 CFR 300; Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA)
of 1982; Public Health Service Act (PHSA), as amended, 42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.; Safe Drinking
Water Act (SOWA); Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) of 1978; Waste
Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Land Withdrawal Act of 1992.
102
-------
Radiation: Response Preparedness
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Reduce Unnecessary Exposure to Radiation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$3,077.0
$4,176.0
$7,253.0
42.3
FY2010
Actuals
$2,827.9
$4,242.7
$7,070.6
41.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$3,077.0
$4,176.0
$7,253.0
42.3
FY2012
Pres Budget
$3,042.0
$4,082.0
$7,124.0
42.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($35.0)
($94.0)
($129.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
The National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama,
and the Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory (R&IE) in Las Vegas, Nevada,
are nationally recognized radiological laboratories that provide field sampling and analyses,
laboratory analyses, and direct scientific support to respond to radiological and nuclear
incidents.3 This includes measuring and monitoring radioactive materials and assessing
radioactive contamination in the environment. This program comprises direct scientific field and
laboratory activities to support preparedness, planning, training, and procedures development. In
addition, selected personnel are members of EPA's Radiological Emergency Response Team
(RERT) and are trained to provide direct expert scientific and technical assistance in the field.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA's RERT, a component of the Agency's emergency response program, will
continue to improve the level of readiness to support federal radiological emergency response
and recovery operations under the National Response Framework (NRF) and the National Oil
and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The laboratory RERT members
will conduct training and exercises to enhance and demonstrate their ability to fulfill EPA
responsibilities in the field, using mobile analytical systems. Laboratory staff also will support
field operations with fixed laboratory analyses and provide rapid and accurate radionuclide
analyses in environmental matrices.4
3 Additional information can be accessed at: http://www.epa.gov/narel/iag.html
4 Additional information can be accessed at: http://www.epa.gov/radiation/rert/
103
-------
Also, in FY 2012, both labs will continue to develop rapid-deployment capabilities to ensure that
field teams are ready to provide scientific data, analyses and updated analytical techniques for
radiation emergency response programs across the Agency. The laboratories will maintain
readiness for radiological emergency responses; participate in emergency exercises; provide on-
site scientific support to state radiation, solid waste, and health programs that regulate radiation
remediation; participate in the Protective Action Guidance (PAG) development and application;
and respond, as required, to radiological incidents.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program also supports performance results in the Radiation: Response
Preparedness program under the Environmental Program Management Tab and can be found in
the Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$97.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$5.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(+$16.0) This increase is associated with increased programmatic laboratory fixed costs.
(-$8.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
Atomic Energy Act (AEA) of 1954, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq. (1970), and
Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970; Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990; Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); National Oil and
Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), 40 CFR 300; Executive Order 12241
of September 1980, National Contingency Plan, 3 CFR, 1980; Executive Order 12656 of
November 1988, Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities, 3 CFR, 1988;
Homeland Security Act of 2002; Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006
(PKEMRA); Public Health Service Act (PHSA), as amended, 42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.; Robert T.
Stafford Disaster Relief and EAA, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.; Safe Drinking Water Act
(SOWA); and Title XIV of the Natural Disaster Assistance Act (NDAA) of 1997, PL 104-201
(Nunn-Lugar II).
104
-------
Program Area: Enforcement
105
-------
Forensics Support
Program Area: Enforcement
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$15,351.0
$2,450.0
$17,801.0
105.2
FY2010
Actuals
$15,245.3
$2,727.0
$17,972.3
101.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$15,351.0
$2,450.0
$17,801.0
105.2
FY2012
Pres Budget
$15,326.0
$2,389.0
$17,715.0
105.2
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($25.0)
($61.0)
($86.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
The Forensics Support program provides specialized scientific and technical support for the
nation's most complex civil and criminal enforcement cases, as well as technical expertise for
Agency compliance efforts. This work is critical to determining non-compliance and building
viable enforcement cases. EPA's National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) is a fully
accredited environmental forensics center under International Standards Organization (ISO)
17025, the main standard used by testing and calibration laboratories, as recommended by the
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)5. Laboratory accreditation is the recognition of technical
competence through a third-party assessment of a laboratory's quality, administrative, and
technical systems. It also provides the general public and users of laboratory services a means of
identifying those laboratories which have successfully demonstrated compliance with established
international standards. NEIC's accreditation standard has been customized to cover both
laboratory and field activities.
NEIC collaborates with other federal, state, local and tribal enforcement organizations to provide
technical assistance, consultation, on-site inspection, investigation, and case resolution activities
in support of the Agency's Civil Enforcement program. The program also coordinates with the
Department of Justice and other federal, state and local law enforcement organizations to provide
this type of science and technology support for criminal investigations.6
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Efforts to stay at the forefront of environmental enforcement in FY 2012 include focused
refinement of single and multi-media compliance monitoring investigation approaches,
customized laboratory methods to solve unusual enforcement case challenges, and applied
research and development in both laboratory and field applications. In response to case needs,
the NEIC will conduct applied research and development to identify, develop, and deploy new
Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward, National Academy of Sciences, 2009, available at
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php7record id= 12589
6 For more information, refer to: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/neic/index.html
106
-------
capabilities, test and/or enhance existing methods and techniques, and provide technology
transfer to other enforcement personnel involving environmental measurement and forensic
applications. Consistent with these activities and working with appropriate organizations across
the Agency, NEIC also will play a role in evaluating the scientific basis and/or technical
enforceability of select EPA regulations. Additionally, NEIC will apply its technical resources in
support of the Agency's national enforcement priorities.
In FY 2012, NEIC will continue to function under rigorous ISO requirements for environmental
data measurements to maintain its accreditation. The program also will continue to utilize
advanced technologies to support field measurement and laboratory analyses.
Performance Targets:
Currently, there are no specific performance measures for this Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$511.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$466.0) This change reduces resources that support the operations of NEIC and
maintenance for its laboratory instruments. This reduction may defer NEIC's purchase of
new equipment to support the Agency's criminal and civil enforcement cases and could
also defer maintenance on some of its current laboratory and field equipment.
(-$70.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
Statutory Authority:
RCRA; CWA; SOW A; CAA; TSCA; Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act
(RLBPHRA); FIFRA; Ocean Dumping Act (i.e., MPRSA); EPCRA.
107
-------
Program Area: Homeland Security
108
-------
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Program Area: Homeland Security
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect Human Health Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$6,836.0
$23,026.0
$1,760.0
$31,622.0
49.0
FY2010
Actuals
$6,805.1
$20,954.9
$1,269.5
$29,029.5
46.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$6,836.0
$23,026.0
$1,760.0
$31,622.0
49.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$1,065.0
$11,379.0
$0.0
$12,444.0
25.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($5,771.0)
($11,647.0)
($1,760.0)
($19,178.0)
-24.0
Program Project Description:
This program provides resources to coordinate and support protection of the nation's critical
water infrastructure from terrorist threats and all-hazard events. Reducing risk in the water
sector requires a multi-step approach to: determine risk through vulnerability, threat, and
consequence assessments; reduce risk through security enhancements; prepare to effectively
respond to and recover from incidents; and measure the water sector's progress in risk reduction.
The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Response and Preparedness Act of 2002
(Bioterrorism Act) also provides that EPA support the water sector in such activities. For more
information, see http://www.epa.gov/safewater/watersecurity.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Since the events of 9/11, EPA has been designated as the sector-specific agency responsible for
infrastructure protection activities for the nation's drinking water and wastewater systems. EPA
is utilizing its position within the water sector and working with its stakeholders to provide
information to help protect the nation's drinking water supply from terrorist or other intentional
acts. Specifically, EPA is responsible for developing new security technologies to detect and
monitor contaminants as part of the Water Security Initiative (WSI), establishing a national water
laboratory alliance, and planning for and practicing for response to both natural and intentional
emergencies and incidents. In FY 2012, EPA will move to the next phase of the WSI pilot
program, focusing on support and evaluation activities. EPA also will continue to support water
sector-specific agency responsibilities, including the Water Alliance for Threat Reduction
(WATR), to protect the nation's critical water infrastructure. The Agency will continue to
integrate the regional laboratory networks and the WSI pilot laboratories into a national,
consistent program. All of these efforts support the Agency's responsibilities and commitments
under the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP), as defined within the Water Sector
Specific Plan, which includes specific milestones for work related to the WSI, the Water
Laboratory Alliance, and metric development.
109
-------
Water Security Initiative and Water Laboratory Alliance
EPA's goal is to develop a "robust, comprehensive, and fully coordinated surveillance and
monitoring system"7 for drinking water and a water laboratory network that would support water
surveillance and emergency response activities. The overall goal of the initiative is to design and
demonstrate an effective system for timely detection and appropriate response to drinking water
contamination threats and incidents through a pilot program that has broad application to the
nation's drinking water utilities in high threat cities.
WSI consists of five general components: (1) enhanced physical security monitoring; (2) water
quality monitoring; (3) routine and triggered sampling for high priority contaminants; (4) public
health surveillance; and (5) consumer complaint surveillance. Recent simulation analyses
underscore the importance of a contaminant warning system that integrates all five components
of event detection, as different contaminants are detected by different sequences of triggers or
"alarms."
WSI is intended to demonstrate the concept of an effective contamination warning system that
drinking water utilities in high threat cities of all sizes and characteristics could adopt.
Resources appropriated to date have enabled EPA to award a total of five pilots for the WSI.
The FY 2012 request includes $7.3 million for necessary ongoing WSI pilot support and
evaluation activities and dissemination and knowledge transfer and $1.3 million for WATR.
Funding will allow the Agency to provide technical support to the existing pilots, assist in
conducting outreach efforts to migrate lessons learned from the pilots to the water sector, and
develop and execute an approach to promote national voluntary adoption of effective and
sustainable drinking water contamination warning systems. In FY 2012, EPA will complete its
evaluation of each pilot and continue to prepare and refine a series of guidance documents for
water utilities on designing, deploying, and testing contamination warning systems based on
additional lessons learned from the pilots. These guidance documents are planned to be finalized
by 2013.
In FY 2012, the pilots will conclude with a thorough evaluation of their operation, performance,
and sustainability (i.e., the practicality of a water system deploying, operating, and maintaining
the contamination warning system components, including costs and benefits). In the absence of
an actual contamination event, much of the evaluation of the pilots will occur through reviewing,
for example, component and system availability, alarm rates, operation and maintenance costs,
and the success of conducting sample analysis in response to a trigger. The Agency will begin to
execute a partnership-based outreach plan (based on coordination with water associations and
water systems) to promote national adoption of drinking water contamination warning systems.
This outreach plan will include the development of integrated tools and training materials to
assist drinking water utilities with designing and deploying contamination warning systems. The
tools and training materials will reflect data and lessons learned from the pilots. EPA anticipates
conducting this outreach through a formal partnership with one or more water sector
organizations to promote utility adoption of lessons learned through the pilots.
Homeland Security Presidential Directive-9 (HSPD-9).
110
-------
In a contamination event, the sheer volume or unconventional type of samples could quickly
overwhelm the capacity or capability of a single laboratory. To address this potential deficiency,
EPA has established a national alliance of laboratories harnessed from the range of existing lab
resources from the local (e.g., water utility) to the federal levels (e.g., CDC's Laboratory
Response Network) into a Water Laboratory Alliance (WLA). The WLA focuses solely on
water and represents the water component of the EPA's Environmental Response Laboratory
Network (ERLN). The ERLN is a network with a similar purpose as the WLA but with a focus
on analyses of all other environmental media. The WLA will reduce the time necessary for
confirming an intentional contamination event in drinking water and speed response and
decontamination efforts. Launched in 2009, the WLA is composed of a number of
environmental, public health, and commercial laboratories across the nation with membership
increasing steadily. In FY 2012, efforts will focus on the national implementation of the WLA
through the Water Laboratory Alliance Plan, a national plan which provides a protocol for
coordinated laboratory response to a surge of analytical needs. EPA also will work with regional
and state environmental laboratories to conduct exercises, within the framework of the Water
Laboratory Alliance Response Plan, and continue efforts to expand the membership of the WLA
with the intention of achieving nationwide coverage. In addition, EPA will continue to support
environmental laboratories and utilities by facilitating access to supplemental analytical capacity
and improved preparedness for analytical support to an emergency situation.
Under the WLA, EPA also will establish partnerships with stakeholders to further efforts
necessary to validate methods for contaminants of high concern for intentional contamination in
drinking water. About 90 percent of these contaminants currently lack validated methods.
Water Sector-Specific Agency Responsibilities
EPA is the sector-specific agency "responsible for infrastructure protection activities" for the
water sector (drinking water and wastewater utilities). EPA is responsible for developing and
providing tools and training on improving security to the 52,000 community water systems and
16,000 publicly-owned treatment works.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue working to ensure that water sector utilities have tools and
information to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, other intentional
acts, and natural disasters. The following preventive and preparedness activities will be
implemented for the water sector in collaboration with the Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) and states' homeland security and water sector officials:
Conduct webcasts to prepare utilities, emergency responders, and decision-makers to
evaluate and respond to physical, cyber, and contamination threats and events;
Disseminate tools and provide technical assistance to ensure that water and wastewater
utilities and emergency responders react rapidly and effectively to intentional
contamination and other incidents. Tools include: information on high priority
contaminants, incident command protocols, sampling and detection protocols and
methods, and treatment options;
111
-------
Sustain operation of the Water Desk in the Agency's Emergency Operations Center by
updating roles/responsibilities, training staff in the incident command structure, and
ensuring adequate staffing during activation of the desk;
Develop tools and technical assistance for water utilities under the Climate Ready Water
Utilities effort, which would enable these utilities to account for climate change
consideration in long-range planning and operations;
Support the adoption and use of mutual aid agreements among utilities to improve
recovery times;
Continue to implement specific recommendations for emergency response, as developed
by EPA and water sector stakeholders, including providing an expanded set of tools (e.g.,
best security practices, incident command system and mutual aid training, recovery, and
resiliency) in order to keep the water sector current with evolving water security
priorities;
Continue to implement specific recommendations of the Water Decontamination Strategy
as developed by EPA and water sector stakeholders (e.g., defining roles and
responsibilities of local, state, and federal agencies during an event); and
Develop annual assessments, as required under the NIPP, to describe existing water
security efforts and progress in achieving the sector's key metrics.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports EPA's Protect Human Health objective. Currently, there are
no performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$183.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$9,020.07-1.0 FTE) This reduction reflects completion at the end of FY 2010 of certain
activities associated with the five full-scale contamination warning system demonstration
pilots in public water systems under the WSI. EPA will not perform research activities
associated with the WSI Pilot Program in FY 2012. Other work, including support and
evaluation of the pilots and dissemination and knowledge transfer, will be conducted with
the resources remaining in the program. This reduction includes $133.0 in associated
payroll.
(-$39.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$700.0) This reflects a decrease to outreach activities, such as tabletop and full-scale
exercises, conducted to increase the number of state and utility labs participating in the
WLA program. Such outreach activities will be reduced by half.
(-$1,772.0 / -2.0 FTE) This reflects a decrease to preparedness and risk reduction efforts
for the water sector as these efforts ramp down due to work already completed.
112
-------
Decreased efforts include training and tabletop exercises, technical assistance webinars,
and conferences that directly support the water sector. This reduction includes $266.0 in
associated payroll.
(-$224.0) This reflects a reduction to the WSI program as part of the Administrative
Efficiency Initiative. This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies
and reductions, including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and
supplies. EPA will continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in
both administrative and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$75.0) This reflects a reduction to general expenses and other program support areas.
Statutory Authority:
SDWA 42 U.S.C. §300f-300j-9 as added by Public Law 93-523 and the amendments made by
subsequent enactments, Sections - 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435; CWA, 33 U.S.C. §1251 et
seq.; Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Emergency and Response Act of 2002; Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. §11001 et seq - Sections 301, 302, 303,
and 304.
113
-------
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Program Area: Homeland Security
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Reduce Unnecessary Exposure to Radiation
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$3,423.0
$41,657.0
$53,580.0
$98,660.0
174.2
FY2010
Actuals
$4,264.2
$37,697.9
$51,558.9
$93,521.0
176.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$3,423.0
$41,657.0
$53,580.0
$98,660.0
174.2
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$30,078.0
$40,662.0
$70,740.0
170.9
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($3,423.0)
($11,579.0)
($12,918.0)
($27,920.0)
-3.3
Program Project Description:
EPA's Research and Development Program's research provides critical support to agency
environmental policy decisions and regulatory actions to protect human health and the
environment. EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental
problems for the past 40 years. Research enabled the Agency to implement policies and
regulations to minimize waste and reduce pollution in specific industries and scales. However,
these solutions were accomplished using 20th century approaches, focusing on the risks posed by
a single chemical to a single target organ or species. Such an approach limits the Agency's
ability to address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges with
solutions that are effective, efficient, and sustainable - solutions that meet current needs without
compromising the future.
The Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) will continue to plan and implement a
systems-based program. That approach will address scientific and technological gaps in a
community's ability to prepare for and recover from large-scale catastrophic events including
chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) attacks. When terrorist attacks and even natural
disasters occur, sustainable environmental approaches enhance the resiliency and speed the
recovery of the communities that are affected. Communities that have a high degree of
resiliency will be better prepared for and recover more quickly and completely from a disaster
than communities that are not as resilient.
The HSRP will evaluate tools and develop capabilities so that cost effective response and
recovery approaches can be identified for future use by the response community, elected and
appointed decision makers, and risk managers. Research will further state-of-the-art approaches
to address all phases of community response and recovery to ensure public and worker safety,
114
-------
protect property, and facilitate recovery. The Agency will continue to work with other federal
agencies and organizations, through collaborative research efforts, to strengthen remediation and
decontamination capabilities.
EPA's Board of Scientific Counselors (BOSC)a federal advisory committee comprised of
independent expert scientists and engineersrecognizes that the HSRP is both expansive and
complex as is the Agency's responsibility for responding to future terror events. The December
2008 BOSC report noted that "prior and recent reviews [by the National Academy of Sciences
and Science Advisory Board] of the National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC)
have recognized this and have helped shape the scope of the current research program. The
NHSRC has done a commendable job in analyzing and delineating the scope of its research
program relative to available resources." The BOSC reported that the program is successfully
providing utility to NHSRC clients and downstream end users.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA homeland security research on chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) contaminants
will continue to fill critical gaps in our ability to effectively respond to and recover from threats
and attacks, including large-scale catastrophic incidents, thereby enhancing the resilience of our
communities. EPA has unique knowledge and expertise related to decontamination and disposal
of contaminated materials and in protecting the nation's drinking water and water infrastructure.
FY 2012 Homeland Security Research Program funds will be used to deliver science and
engineering research results to EPA's Water, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, and Air and
Radiation programs, among others, to better facilitate and enable their ability to carry out the
Agency's homeland security missions. These results include tools and techniques to facilitate
response to and recovery from incidents involving CBR agents. Other applied science and
technical support needs also will be provided to EPA's response community (National
Decontamination Team, Environmental Response Team, Radiological Emergency Response
Team, Removal Managers, and On-Scene Coordinators). For example, the program's experience
and expertise were critical in supporting EPA's coordinated Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
response. EPA's HSRP also provides support and assistance in interactions with water utilities
to help ensure the nation's water systems are secure and drinking water is safe.
The FY 2012 request for the HSRP includes a reduction of $8.2 million from the FY 2010
enacted budget. This reflects a 75 percent reduction to methods development, the planned
completion of decontamination research for the Safe Buildings Program, and the reduced need
for water contamination detection tools as work reaches completion.
Decontamination Research
EPA's decontamination research directly supports the Agency's National Response Framework
(NRF) as well as its homeland security responsibilities. In many cases, the research program
also supports the Department of Homeland Security's needs for EPA expertise in a number of
key areas including materials decontamination and disposal, threat assessment, and sampling and
analytical methods. There are reductions in funding for some aspects of the homeland security
Decontamination Research Program. Activities in FY 2012 will include the following:
115
-------
Risk analysis research will continue, at a reduced level, to provide information that aids
decision-makers in managing risks associated with exposure to biological and chemical
agents. This information includes the science required to develop exposure limits and clean-
up goals. Much progress has been made in collecting and evaluating data on the toxicity,
infectivity, mechanism of action, fate, transport, and exposure consequences associated with
CBR contamination. In 2012 and beyond, these data will be extrapolated to predict human
response from exposure to varying doses of biological organisms. This information will
support the development of cleanup goals for sites contaminated with biological agents.
Development of Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for additional chemicals will provide
health effect information for intermediate durations of exposure (hours - days). Research will
continue to identify and fill data gaps related to risk analysis and to develop improved
methods to communicate risk information to decision-makers and the public.
Testing and evaluation of commercially-available technologies will continue to support those
in need of purchasing reliable equipment to detect and decontaminate CBR contaminants
resulting from terrorist attacks on buildings and outdoor areas. Research will continue, at a
significantly reduced level, which supports the development and capabilities of the
Environmental Response Laboratory Network (ERLN). The program has made significant
progress in the last several years on developing and verifying methods for the analysis of
chemical, biological, and radiological warfare agents. The remaining methods development
funding will be used to develop methods for newly identified, high priority contaminants.
EPA will continue this support by updating the Selected Analytical Methods (SAM) manual,
which identifies CBR agents and analytical methods that are needed to characterize the
nature and extent of contamination and to document the completion of remediation.
Decontamination and consequence management research will continue, at a reduced level, to
develop and improve decontamination and disposal techniques for the clean-up of outdoor
areas, buildings, and infrastructure (e.g., subways, bridges, stadiums, and drinking water and
wastewater systems) contaminated with CBR agents. The Safe Buildings portion of the
program will be discontinued because the vast majority of research to support cleanup of the
interior of buildings has been completed.
EPA will, in partnership with several other government entities, collaborate on a large-scale
field demonstration of decontamination methods for anthrax developed over the last few
years. Also, EPA will work with other agencies to develop detection and analysis methods,
and evaluate decontamination methods for outdoor areas, indoor areas and water
infrastructure for new chemicals that may be used by terrorists. EPA will continue to
develop methods to decontaminate structures and areas contaminated with radiological
materials, as well as the safe disposal of radiologically-contaminated materials and
decontamination residue. EPA also will provide a synthesis of its work on the impacts of
decontamination activities on sensitive materials.
116
-------
Water Infrastructure Protection Research
Water Infrastructure Protection Research provides scientific data and tools for the Water
Program and water utilities to improve the nation's ability to protect water systems from attack
and to detect and recover from an attack. This research directly supports the national Water
Security Initiative while providing effective ways to detect CBR agents in drinking water and
wastewater systems, to contain the contamination, and to treat the water and decontaminate the
infrastructure. EPA has produced many award-winning products over the past few years
designed to improve the water utilities' capabilities including the CANARY event detection
o
software that won the prestigious 2010 R&D 100 Award.
Since the Water Security Initiative (WSI) is maturing, some aspects of the research program are
reduced.
Activities in FY 2012 will include the following:
Support to provide technical assistance to water utilities regarding water contamination
detection software tools will continue. These tools include the Threat Ensemble
Vulnerability Assessment and Sensor Placement Optimization Tool (TEVA-SPOT) and the
CANARY event detection software.
Work will support implementation of WSI by water utilities with updates and improvement
to software tools that help place detection systems in optimal locations within the water
system, and to assist in detecting contamination.
Research will be undertaken to support strategies that contain contamination (thus
minimizing public exposure). This work includes the development of real-time distribution
systems models to help decision makers isolate contaminated portions of the systems so that
the water may be removed, and to locate the origin of the contamination.
Methods will be developed to decontaminate water and wastewater treatment systems to
rapidly restore function in a cost-effective manner. The program also will evaluate effective
methods for treating and disposing of wastewater generated from decontamination activities.
Testing and evaluation of commercially-available technologies will continue to support those
in need of purchasing reliable equipment to detect and decontaminate CBR contaminants
resulting from terrorist attacks on water and wastewater treatment systems.
Radiation Monitoring
Maintenance of the RadNet air monitoring network supports EPA's responsibilities under the
Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex to the National Response Framework (NRF). The network
includes deployable monitors and near real-time stationary monitors.
http://www.epa.gov/nhsrc/news/newsl22007.html
117
-------
Through FY 2011, EPA expects to install all 134 purchased monitors providing near real-time
radiation monitoring coverage for each of the 100 most populous U.S. cities as well as expanded
geographic coverage. In FY 2012, the Agency will maintain the expanded RadNet air
monitoring network. These near real-time monitors replaced or augmented the previous system
of 60 conventional air samplers. Fixed stations will operate routinely and in conjunction with as
many as 40 deployable monitors following a radiological incident. With the expanded RadNet air
monitoring network, average response time and data dissemination will be reduced from days to
hours and will provide the Agency and first responders with greater access to data, improving
officials' ability to make decisions about protecting public health and the environment during
and after an incident. EPA will continue to update its fixed and deployable monitoring systems
including their communications capability across various media. Additionally, the data will be
used by scientists to better characterize the effect of a radiological incident.
Biodefense
There is no request for this program in FY 2012.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(H72) Percentage of
planned outputs
delivered in support of
efficient and effective
clean-ups and safe
disposal of
contamination wastes.
FY 2010
Target
100
FY 2010
Actual
100
FY2011
CR
Target
100
FY 2012
Target
90
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(H73) Percentage of
planned outputs
delivered in support of
water security
initiatives.
FY 2010
Target
100
FY 2010
Actual
100
FY2011
CR
Target
100
FY 2012
Target
90
Units
Percent
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives. In FY 2012, the program plans
to meet its targets of completing and delivering planned outputs in support of: 1) the efficient and
effective clean-up and safe disposal of decontamination wastes, 2) the Water Security Initiative,
3) the rapid assessment of risk and the determination of clean-up goals and procedures following
contamination, 4) supporting the Environmental Response Laboratory Network, and 5) the
program's ability to provide timely quality assured ambient radiation monitoring during an
emergency. In achieving these targets, the program will contribute to EPA's goal of providing
118
-------
scientifically sound guidance and policy decisions related to the health of people, communities,
and ecosystems.
At the end of the fiscal year, the program reports on its success in meeting its planned annual
outputs (detailed in the program's Multi-Year Plan). The program strives to complete 100% of its
planned outputs each year so that it can best meet EPA and stakeholders' needs. To ensure the
ambitiousness of its annual output measures, EPA's Research and Development Program has
better formalized the process for developing and modifying program outputs, including requiring
that these programs engage partners when making modifications.
EPA is on track through its ongoing work to meet its FY 2012 strategic plan goal of protecting
public health and the environment from unwanted releases of EPA-regulated radioactive waste
and to minimize impacts to public health from radiation exposure.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$585.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$114.07-0.5 FTE) This reflects the net result of infrastructure realignments of FTE and
resources such as critical equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general
expenses that are proportionately allocated across programs to better align with
programmatic priorities. This change includes a decrease of $66.0 in associated payroll
and reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the agency better align
resources, skills, and agency priorities.
(-$49.0) This reflects adjustments to IT and telecommunications resources. Realignment
of these resources is based on FTE allocations.
(-$53.0\-0.4 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources resulting
from expected efficiencies in providing operational support to researchers. It also
includes a decrease of $53.0 in associated payroll and reflects EPA's workforce
management strategy that will help the agency better align resources, skills, and agency
priorities.
(-$67.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$137.0\-0.3 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from the Administrative Efficiencies
Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to delivering
administrative services in the Research and Development program. This change includes
a decrease of $40.0 in associated payroll and reflects EPA's workforce management
strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills, and agency priorities.
(-$133.0\-1.0 FTE) This reflects a shift from the Homeland Security Research Program
to the Chemical Safety and Sustainability research program to better align resources,
119
-------
skills, and agency priorities. This change includes a transfer of $133.0 in associated
payroll to reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the agency better
align resources, skills, and agency priorities.
(-$586.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$119.0\+10.0 FTE) This change reflects a shift of resources for the Agency's water
security and decontamination research activities. This also reflects the transfer of
extramural funding in the amount of $1,330.0 to payroll to cover the cost of the
additional 10.0 FTE.
(-$3,500.0) This reflects a 75 percent reduction to the methods development research in
FY 2012. The program has made significant progress in the last several years on
developing and verifying methods for the analysis of chemical, biological, and
radiological warfare agents. The remaining methods development funding will be used to
develop methods for newly identified, high priority contaminants.
(-$4,089.0\-0.6 FTE) This reduction reflects: (1) planned completion of decontamination
research for contaminated buildings (the Safe Buildings Program) and (2) a reduced need
for water contamination detection tools as the Water Security Initiative completes its
mission and a large extramural grant to study microbial risk assessment reaches
completion. This change includes a reduction of $80.0 in associated payroll to reflect
EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the agency better align resources,
skills and agency priorities.
(-$2,225.0) This reflects a reduction of pesticide program resources. Affected areas
include the improvement of disinfection capabilities as applied to the food and agriculture
sectors.
(-$596.0) This reflects a reduction of resources for EPA's RadNet national environmental
radiation monitoring network.
120
-------
(-$499.0) This reflects a reduction in resources for efforts to improve national
radiological laboratory capacity and capability. This will result in the termination of
laboratory capacity audits and proficiency testing of laboratories, a reduction in incident
response radiological laboratory training, and a reduction in the publication of incident
response radiological laboratory guidance documents. This disinvestment will lead to
many of the nation's radiological laboratories being inadequately prepared for a major
nuclear or radiological incident due to slower data generation and delay of consequence
management activities aimed at protecting the public.
(+$3.0) This reflects additional resources to support efforts related to enhancing
decontamination capability and capacity.
Statutory Authority:
AEA of 1954, as through P.L. 105-394, November 13, 1998, 42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq. - Section
275 Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970; CAA Amendments 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq - Sections 102
and 103; CERCLA, as amended by the SARA 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq., Sections 104, 105 and
106; Executive Order 12241 of September 1980, National Contingency Plan, 3 CFR, 1980;
Executive Order 12656 of November 1988, Assignment of Emergency Preparedness
Responsibilities, 3 CFR, 1988; PHSA, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 201 et seq., Section 241; Robert T.
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. -
Sections 201, 204, 303, 402, 403, and 502; SDWA 42 U.S.C. 300 et seq. - Sections 1433, 1434
and 1442; NDAA of 1997, Public Law 104-201, Sections 1411 and 1412; PHSBPRA of 2002,
Public Law 107-188, 42 U.S.C. 201 et seq., Sections 401 and 402 (amended the SDWA);
TSCA, 15 U.S.C. 53 - Section 2609; OP A, 33 U.S.C 40; PPA, 42 U.S.C 133; RCRA 42 U.S.C.
6901 et seq; EPCRA 42 U.S.C. §11001 et seq.; CWA 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.; FIFRA 7 U.S.C.
136 et seq.; FFDCA, 21 U.S.C 9; FQPA 7 USC 136 et seq. Executive Order 10831 (1970);
PRIA; FSMA, Sections 203 and 208; Executive Order 13486: Strengthening Laboratory
Biosecurity in the United States (2009); HSPD-5; HSPDs 7-10; HSPD-19.
121
-------
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and Infrastructure
Program Area: Homeland Security
Goal: Provide Agency-wide support for multiple goals to achieve their objectives. This support
involves Agency-wide activities primarily provided by EPA's six (6) support offices - the Office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM), Office of the Chief Financial Officer
(OCFO), Office of Environmental Information (OEI), Office of General Counsel (OGC), Office
of the Administrator (OA), and the Office of Inspector General (OIG).
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$6,369.0
$593.0
$8,070.0
$1,194.0
$16,226.0
3.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$6,300.3
$593.0
$9,652.1
$1,194.0
$17,739.4
3.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$6,369.0
$593.0
$8,070.0
$1,194.0
$16,226.0
3.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$5,978.0
$579.0
$8,038.0
$1,172.0
$15,767.0
3.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($391.0)
($14.0)
($32.0)
($22.0)
($459.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
This program involves activities to ensure that EPA's physical structures and assets are secure
and operational, and that certain physical security measures are in place to help safeguard staff in
the event of an emergency. These efforts also protect the capability of EPA's vital laboratory
infrastructure assets. Specifically, funds within this appropriation support security needs for the
National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL).
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the Agency will continue to provide enhanced physical security for the NVFEL and
its employees. This funding supports the incremental cost of security enhancements required as
part of an Agency security assessment review.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives. Currently, there are no
performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$15.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
122
-------
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(+$1.0) This increase supports the security needs of the NVFEL.
Statutory Authority:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Emergency and Response Act of 2002; Secure Embassy
Construction and Counterterrorism Act (Sections 604 and 629); CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-766If);
Motor Vehicle Information Cost Savings Act; Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988; National
Highway System Designation Act; NEP Act, SAFETEA-LU of 2005; EPAct of 2005; EISA of
2007.
123
-------
Program Area: IT / Data Management / Security
124
-------
IT / Data Management
Program Area: IT / Data Management / Security
Goal: Provide Agency-wide support for multiple goals to achieve their objectives. This support
involves Agency-wide activities primarily provided by EPA's six (6) support offices - the Office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM), Office of the Chief Financial Officer
(OCFO), Office of Environmental Information (OEI), Office of General Counsel (OGC), Office
of the Administrator (OA), and the Office of Inspector General (OIG).
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Hazardous Substance SuperrUnd
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$97,410.0
$4,385.0
$162.0
$24.0
$17,087.0
$119,068.0
503.1
FY 2010
Actuals
$98,258.9
$4,054.0
$152.3
$24.0
$16,498.3
$118,987.5
481.6
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$97,410.0
$4,385.0
$162.0
$24.0
$17,087.0
$119,068.0
503.1
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$88,576.0
$4,108.0
$0.0
$0.0
$15,352.0
$108,036.0
481.5
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($8,834.0)
($277.0)
($162.0)
($24.0)
($1,735.0)
($11,032.0)
-21.6
Program Project Description:
High quality data in support of sound science serves as a strategic resource that supports the
Agency's mission of protecting public health and the environment. IT/Data Management
(IT/DM) programs facilitate the Agency's Science and Technology (S&T) programs by
delivering essential services to Agency staff to allow them to conduct their work effectively and
efficiently. These three themes, facilitating mission activities through better information and
tools; improving agency work processes to promote efficiencies; increasing transparency and
innovation in the agency work processes and enabling the work force with reliable tools and
services are reflected in the following investments.
IT/DM supports the development, collection, management and analysis of environmental data (to
include both point source and ambient data) to manage statutory programs and to support the
Agency in strategic planning at the national, program and regional levels. IT/DM provides a
secure, reliable and capable information infrastructure based on a sound enterprise architecture
which includes data standardization, integration and public access. IT/DM manages the
Agency's Quality System, ensuring EPA's processes and data are of high quality and adhere to
federal guidelines. IT/DM supports regional information technology infrastructure,
administrative and environmental programs and telecommunications.
The work performed under IT/DM encompasses more than 30 distinct activities. For descriptive
purposes, activities can be categorized into the following major functional areas: information
access; geospatial information and analysis; Envirofacts; IT/Information Management (IT/EVI)
policy and planning; electronic records and content management; internet operations and
125
-------
maintenance enhancements (IOME); information reliability and privacy; and IT/IM
infrastructure. IT/IM and IOME activities are provided to the programs funded under S&T.
Resources under this program also fund the Agency-wide Quality Program. The Quality
Program is a key management system that ensures the quality of all services provided by EPA,
including, for example, all of the science and technology underpinning all of EPA's
environmental work, all of EPA's data and all of EPA's documents for public distribution.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
For FY 2012, the following IT/DM activities will continue to be provided for the following S&T
funded programs:
Internet Operations and Maintenance Enhancements (IOME) - FY 2012 activities in
this area implement and maintain the EPA Home Page (www.EPA.gov) and over 200
top-level pages that facilitate access to the many information resources available on the
EPA Web site. In addition, IOME provides the funding to support Web hosting for all of
the Agency's Web sites and pages. The EPA Web site is the primary delivery mechanism
for environmental information to EPA staff, partners, stakeholders and the public, and is
becoming a resource for emergency planning and response. (In FY 2012, IOME activities
will be funded at $0.42 million in non-payroll funding under the S&T appropriation.)
IT/Information Management (IT/IM) Policy and Planning - FY 2012 activities will
ensure that all due steps are taken to reduce redundancy among information systems and
data bases, streamline and systematize the planning and budgeting for all IT/IM activities,
and monitor the progress and performance of all IT/IM activities and systems. EPA's
Quality Program has consistently played a major role in each of these areas. In FY 2012,
the Quality Program will initiate a number of revisions to comply with the CIO Quality
Policy 2106 (http://www.epa.gov/irmpoli8/policies/21060.pdf). (In FY 2012, Quality
Program activities will be funded at $0.99 million in non-payroll funding and $2.7 million
in payroll funding under the S&T appropriation.)
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives. Currently, there are no
performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$267.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$28.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
126
-------
(-$498.0) This reduction reflects a decrease in efforts to improve EPA's IT capabilities in
order to support the Agency's expanding use of video conferencing under the green travel
and conferencing initiative.
(-$18.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), 42 U.S.C. 553 et seq. and Government Information
Security Act (GISRA), 40 U.S.C. 1401 et seq. - Sections 3531, 3532, 3533, 3534, 3535 and
3536 and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA),
42 U.S.C. 9606 et seq. - Sections 101-128, 301-312 and 401-405 and Clean Air Act (CAA)
Amendments, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. - Sections 102, 103, 104 and 108 and Clean Water Act
(CWA), 33 U.S.C. 1314 et seq. - Sections 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, and 109 and Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. 2611 et seq. - Sections 201, 301 and 401 and Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 U.S.C. 36 et seq. - Sections 136a - 136y
and Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq. - Sections 102, 210, 301 and 501
and Safe Drinking Water Act (SOWA) Amendments, 42 U.S.C. 300 et seq. - Sections 1400,
1401, 1411, 1421, 1431, 1441, 1454 and 1461 and Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
(FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346 et seq. and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRA), 42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq. - Sections 322, 324, 325 and 328 and Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 U.S.C. 6962 et seq. - Sections 1001, 2001, 3001 and 3005 and
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), 39 U.S.C. 2803 et seq. - Sections 1115,
1116, 1117, 1118 and 1119 and Government Management Reform Act (GMRA), 31 U.S.C. 501
et seq. - Sections 101, 201, 301, 401, 402, 403, 404 and 405 and Clinger-Cohen Act (CCA), 40
U.S.C. 1401 et seq. - Sections 5001, 5201, 5301, 5401, 5502, 5601 and 5701and Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. - Sections 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,
112 and 113 and Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552 et seq. and Controlled
Substances Act (CSA), 21 U.S.C. 802 et seq. - Sections 801, 811, 821, 841, 871, 955 and 961
and Electronic Freedom of Information Act (EFOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552 et seq. - Sections 552(a)(2),
552 (a)(3), 552 (a)(4) and 552(a)(6).
127
-------
Program Area: Operations and Administration
128
-------
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Program Area: Operations and Administration
Goal: Provide Agency-wide support for multiple goals to achieve their objectives. This support
involves Agency-wide activities primarily provided by EPA's six (6) support offices - the Office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM), Office of the Chief Financial Officer
(OCFO), Office of Environmental Information (OEI), Office of General Counsel (OGC), Office
of the Administrator (OA), and the Office of Inspector General (OIG).
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$315,238.0
$72,918.0
$28,931.0
$904.0
$505.0
$78,482.0
$496,978.0
411.1
FY2010
Actuals
$310,238.8
$72,841.7
$29,896.7
$871.9
$489.4
$76,052.0
$490,390.5
410.6
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$315,238.0
$72,918.0
$28,931.0
$904.0
$505.0
$78,482.0
$496,978.0
411.1
FY2012
Pres Budget
$324,965.0
$76,521.0
$33,931.0
$916.0
$536.0
$81,431.0
$518,300.0
408.5
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$9,727.0
$3,603.0
$5,000.0
$12.0
$31.0
$2,949.0
$21,322.0
-2.6
Program Project Description:
Science & Technology (S&T) resources in the Facilities Infrastructure and Operations Program
are used to fund rental of laboratory and office space, utilities, security, and also to manage
activities and support services in many centralized administrative areas such as health and safety,
environmental compliance, occupational health, medical monitoring, fitness, wellness, safety,
and environmental management functions, facilities maintenance and operations, energy
conservation, greenhouse gas reduction, sustainable buildings programs, and space planning.
Funding is allocated among the major appropriations for the Agency.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
The Agency reviews space needs on a regular basis, and is implementing a long-term space
consolidation plan that includes reducing the number of occupied facilities, consolidating space
within the remaining facilities, and reducing the square footage where practical. From FY 2007
through FY 2010, EPA released approximately 250,000 square feet of space at headquarters and
facilities nationwide resulting in a cumulative annual rent avoidance of over $1.1 million in S&T
dollars over this period. The Agency's Space Strategy efforts continue to pursue several long
term policy options that could lead to further efficiencies and potential reductions to the
Agency's real property footprint. In FY 2011 thru FY 2014, EPA plans to release additional
space for more savings. These achieved savings and potential savings partially offset EPA's
escalating rent budget. For example, replacement leases for regional offices in Boston, Kansas
City, San Francisco, and Seattle are significantly higher than those previously negotiated. The
129
-------
Agency will continue to manage its lease agreements with the General Services Administration
and other private landlords by conducting reviews and verifying that billing statements are
correct. For FY 2012, the Agency is requesting a total of $35.66 million for rent, $20.20 million
for utilities, $10.71 million for security, $0.90 million for transit subsidy, and $2.58 million for
Regional moves in the S&T appropriation.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to improve operating efficiency and encourage the use of new,
advanced technologies, and energy sources. EPA will continue to direct resources towards
acquiring alternative fuel vehicles and more fuel-efficient passenger cars and light trucks to meet
the goals set by Executive Order (EO) 134239, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy,
and Transportation Management. Additionally, the Agency will attain the Executive Order's
environmental performance goals related to buildings through several initiatives, including
comprehensive facility energy audits, re-commissioning, sustainable building design in Agency
construction and alteration projects, energy savings performance contracts to achieve energy
efficiencies, the use of off-grid energy equipment, energy load reduction strategies, green power
purchases, and the use of Energy Star rated products and building standards. In FY 2012, the
Agency plans to reduce energy utilization (or improve energy efficiency) by approximately 37
billion British Thermal Units or three percent. EPA should end FY 2012 using approximately 21
percent less energy than it did in FY 2003.
EO 13514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance, expands
upon EO 13423 and requires additional reductions to greenhouse gas emissions. EPA will meet
the requirements of EO 13514 through:
Managing existing building systems to reduce consumption of energy, water, and
materials;
Identifying opportunities to consolidate and dispose of existing assets, optimize real
property; and portfolio performance, and reduce environmental impacts; and
Implementing best management practices in energy-efficient management of real
property including Agency labs and data centers.
As part of the Agency's commitment to promoting employee health and wellness, the Agency
collected data to assess its health and wellness programs nationwide. The data will be used to
establish a baseline from FY 2010, which the Agency will use to explore options to improve
health and wellness programs, and to develop performance improvement targets and an action
plan with the goal of enhancing the overall quality of life of EPA employees. In the interim EPA
has a short-term plan that includes the following initiatives:
Work with the General Services Administration (GSA) to expand health and wellness
programs in GSA-owned and -leased facilities. Some options include healthier food
choices, increasing fitness center activities, and expanding health unit capabilities.
9 Information is available at http://www.fedcenter.gov/programs/eol3514/. Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and
Economic Performance', and http://www.fedcenter.gov/programs/eol3423/. Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and
Transportation Management
130
-------
Enhance outreach efforts to employees to increase fitness center memberships,
registration for seminars and educational programs, and inoculations and screenings in
health units.
Establish or expand sports competitions and fitness challenges to build or strengthen our
fitness programs nationwide.
Offer more health educational classes and seminars to increase employee attendance and
participation.
Lastly, EPA will continue to provide transit subsidy to eligible applicants as directed by
Executive Order 1315010 Federal Workforce Transportation. EPA will continue the
implementation of the Safety and Health Management Systems to ensure a safe working
environment.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports the performance measures in the Facilities Infrastructure and
Operations Program Project under the EPM appropriation. These measures can also be found in
the Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$2,034.0) This increase reflects the net effect of rent reduction as a result of the space
consolidation effort, projected contractual rent increases, and reallocation involving
EPM, S&T and Superfund appropriations.
(+$1,018.0) This reflects an increase in utility costs.
(+$454.0) This reflects an increase in security due to guard contract costs in RTF and
Cincinnati facilities.
(+$2,333.0) This reflects an increase in funding for Regional moves for the Reproductive
Toxicology Facility (RTF), which is moving to the main campus in Research Triangle
Park (RTF).
(-$35.0) This reflects a decrease in transit subsidy based on projected needs.
(-$1,083.0) This reflects efficiencies achieved in health and safety audits, security
systems maintenance by utilizing a Physical Access Control System, and preventative
maintenance and on-site engineering support at EPA's facility.
(-$882.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
Additional information available at http://ceq.eh.doe.gov/nepa/regs/eos/eol3150.html
131
-------
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$236.0) This reduction eliminates EPA's funding for Lab 21 conference, which will
now be fully funded from private sector resources.
Statutory Authority:
FPASA; PBA; Annual Appropriations Act; CWA; CAA; D.C. Recycling Act of 1988; Executive
Orders 10577 and 12598; United States Marshals Service, Vulnerability Assessment of Federal
Facilities Report; Presidential Decision Directive 63 (Critical Infrastructure Protection); Energy
Policy Act of 2005; Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.
132
-------
Program Area: Pesticides Licensing
133
-------
Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk
Program Area: Pesticides Licensing
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$62,944.0
$3,750.0
$66,694.0
467.9
FY2010
Actuals
$62,696.4
$4,146.4
$66,842.8
470.1
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$62,944.0
$3,750.0
$66,694.0
467.9
FY2012
Pres Budget
$58,304.0
$3,839.0
$62,143.0
447.5
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($4,640.0)
$89.0
($4,551.0)
-20.4
Program Project Description:
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Section 3(c)(5), states that
the Administrator shall register a pesticide if it is determined that, when used in accordance with
labeling and common practices, the product "will not generally cause unreasonable adverse
effects on the environment." Further, FIFRA defines "unreasonable adverse effects on the
environment" as "any unreasonable risk to man or the environment."
EPA's Pesticides Program screens new pesticides before they reach the market and ensures that
pesticides already in commerce are safe. As directed by FIFRA, the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), and the Food Quality Act of 1996 that amended FIFRA and FFDCA,
EPA is responsible for registering and re-evaluating pesticides to protect consumers, pesticide
users, workers who may be exposed to pesticides, children, and other sensitive populations. To
make regulatory decisions and establish tolerances for the maximum allowable pesticide residues
on food and feed, EPA must balance the risks and benefits of using the pesticide, consider
cumulative and aggregate risks, and ensure extra protection for children.
Laboratory activity for the Pesticide Program supports the goal of protecting human health
through efforts at three laboratories: an analytical chemistry laboratory and a microbiology
laboratory at the Environmental Science Center at Fort Meade, MD, and an environmental
chemistry laboratory at Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, MS. These laboratories provide a
variety of technical services to EPA, other federal and state agencies, tribes, and other
organizations. The laboratories assist the Agency and state enforcement laboratories by
providing reference standards, analytical methods development, training, and assistance with
laboratory audits. They develop and validate analytical methods for risk assessment and
enforcement projects. The analytical methods are available for use by the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), EPA, and
states. Additionally, the laboratories perform chemical and efficacy analyses and assist in
investigations of incidents such as crop damage or illegal pesticide residues.
For additional information, see http://www.epa.gov/oppbeadl/labs/index.htm.
134
-------
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In 2012, the Agency will protect human health by ensuring the availability of appropriate
analytical methods for detecting pesticide residues in food and feed, ensuring suitability for
monitoring pesticide residues, and enforcing tolerances. This will be accomplished by
developing and validating multi-residue pesticide analytical methods for food, feed, and water
for use by other federal and state laboratories, and EPA. Laboratories further support the
estimation of human health risks from pesticide use by operating the National Pesticide Standard
Repository (NPSR). EPA's NPSR collects and maintains pesticide standards (i.e., samples of
pure active ingredients or technical grade active ingredients for pesticides). The repository
distributes these standards to EPA and other federal laboratories and tribal laboratories involved
in pesticide enforcement, including tolerance , enforcement verification of label claims, and
investigations of pesticide use/misuse in support of EPA's regulatory decisions for FIFRA and
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). The laboratories also perform efficacy measurement and
testing of antimicrobial products with public health claims - for example hospital disinfectants
and research on methods to measure the efficacy of various types of antimicrobials, including
sporicides.
EPA's pesticide laboratories provide quality assurance and technical support and training to EPA
regional offices, state laboratories, and other federal agencies that implement FIFRA. The
laboratories will evaluate registered products that are most crucial to infection control (e.g.
sterilants, tuberculocides, and hospital-level disinfectants). Under the Plant Incorporated
Protectants or PIP method validation program, evaluation will continue on several novel
molecular-based methods.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program also supports performance results listed in EPM Pesticides: Protect
Human Health from Pesticide Risk and can be found in the Performance Four -Year Array in
Tab 11.
Some of this program's performance measures are program outputs, which represent statutory
requirements to ensure that pesticides entering the marketplace are safe for human health and the
environment and when used in accordance with the packaging label, present a reasonable
certainty of no harm. While program outputs are not the best measures of risk reduction, they do
provide a means for realizing benefits in that the program's safety review prevents dangerous
pesticides from entering the marketplace. There are no specific performance measures for this
specific program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted Budget (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$52.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$23.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
135
-------
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(+$60.0) This increase represents additional funds to support fixed laboratory costs for
the pesticide program.
Statutory Authority:
Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act (PRIRA); Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended; Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) as
amended, § 408 and 409.
136
-------
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk
Program Area: Pesticides Licensing
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$42,203.0
$2,279.0
$44,482.0
301.4
FY2010
Actuals
$41,584.5
$2,285.9
$43,870.4
334.9
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$42,203.0
$2,279.0
$44,482.0
301.4
FY2012
Pres Budget
$37,913.0
$2,448.0
$40,361.0
288.2
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($4,290.0)
$169.0
($4,121.0)
-13.2
Program Project Description:
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), section 3(c)(5), states that the
Administrator shall register a pesticide if it is determined that, when used in accordance with
labeling and common practices, the product "will not generally cause unreasonable adverse
effects on the environment." FIFRA defines "unreasonable adverse effects on the environment"
as "any unreasonable risk to man or the environment."
Along with assessing the risks that pesticides pose to human health, EPA conducts ecological
risk assessments to determine potential effects on plants, animals, and ecosystems. EPA works
to protect ecosystems, particularly the plants and animals that are not targets of the pesticide, and
satisfies additional responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).11 As directed by
FIFRA, EPA must determine that a pesticide is not likely to harm the environment, and may
impose risk mitigation measures such as restricting uses, denying uses, or requiring monitoring
of environmental conditions, such as effects on water sources.12 In making its regulatory
decisions, the Agency considers both the risks and the benefits derived from the use of the
pesticide.
Laboratory activities for the pesticides program support the goal of protecting the environment
from pesticide use through three pesticides laboratories: an analytical chemistry laboratory and a
microbiology laboratory at the Environmental Science Center at Fort Meade, MD, and an
environmental chemistry laboratory at Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, MS. These
laboratories develop and validate environmental and analytical chemistry methods and
genetically modified organism Plant-Incorporated Protectant (PIP) methods to ensure the United
States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), EPA
11 The Endangered Species Act of 1973 sections 7(a)l and 7(a)2; Federal Agency Actions and Consultations, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1536(a)). Available at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Act of 1973 Internet site:
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/ESA35/ESA35DaleOA.html.
12 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended. January 23, 2004. Section 3(a), Requirement of Registration
(7U.S.C. 136a). Available online at: http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/regulating/laws.htm
137
-------
offices, and states have reliable methods to measure and monitor pesticide residues in food and
in the environment. The pesticide laboratories, in cooperation with industry, state, and other
EPA laboratories, develop multi-residue analytical methods to allow enforcement agencies to test
for several different chemicals using one test.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In 2012, the Agency will support the protection of the environment by developing methods and
conducting analyses to make better informed decisions regarding pesticide exposures and risk to
the environment and by operating the National Pesticide Standard Repository (NPSR) to support
federal and state laboratories involved in enforcement activities. Under the PIP method
validation program, work will continue on evaluating several novel molecular-based methods.
The laboratories also will support the protection of the environment by:
1) Evaluating residue analytical methods used for detecting pesticide residues in environmental
matrices, such as water, soil, and sediment. Evaluating residue analytical methods will allow the
program to better assess the results generated by the registrant and submitted to the Agency,
which is required by the pesticide registration guidelines of FIFRA. Evaluating residue
analytical methods also will assist the agency in developing and validating multi-residue
pesticide analytical methods for environmental matrices for use by other federal and state
laboratories to estimate environmental risks.
2) Responding to urgent pesticide program needs for analytical chemistry support to address
specific short-term, rapid turnaround issues of high priority. The laboratories cooperate with the
Regional Offices on activities related to analysis of environmental samples for select pesticides
or other environmental contaminants related to pesticide production or disposition. Additionally,
the laboratories develop exposure data for dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other
persistent contaminants of environmental concern, to support agency environmental risk
assessments.
3) Conducting product performance evaluations of antimicrobials to remove ineffective products
from the market. The labs also provide data to support use of effective tools for remediation
efforts and testing capacity for environmental monitoring of microbial populations (due to overt
or unintentional contamination). Another activity involves conducting validation services on
methods used to detect DNA and/or proteins for PIPs in major agricultural commodities such as
corn, soybeans, potatoes, and cotton.
EPA's laboratories provide technical support and quality assurance support to regional, state and
other federal laboratories in numerous ways. The laboratories are responsible for the posting and
upkeep of residue analytical methods and environmental chemistry methods for food, feed, soil,
and water on the EPA Web site. These methods are frequently the only resource available to
Regional Offices, state laboratories, and other federal agencies for current methodology
information for the newest pesticides. The microbiology laboratory also posts and maintains the
methods used to determine the efficacy of microbiological products on the Web where there are
approximately 400 methods currently available (see http://www.epa.gov/oppbeadl/methods/).
138
-------
Additionally, the Agency responds to approximately 90 requests per year for method
information. These requests primarily come from state FIFRA laboratories.
The laboratories are involved in the development of multi-residue analytical methods (MRMs),
which are methods capable of measuring several similar pesticides simultaneously. These
MRMs are made available to state and federal laboratories involved in residue monitoring and
enforcement activities.
The pesticides program operates the EPA NPSR, which provides pesticide reference materials to
federal and state laboratories for enforcement activities. The NPSR shipped approximately 6,000
analytical reference standards to enforcement laboratories in FY 2007 and approximately 6,500
standards in FY 2008. In FY 2009, 5,013 standards were provided. The number increased to
6,870 in FY 2010. FY 2011 and FY 2012 standards are anticipated to be 6,500 for each year.
The laboratories also participate in the American Association of Pest Control Officials and the
State FIFRA Issues and Research Evaluation Group pesticide laboratory technical meetings with
state and industry chemists, responding to issues raised by enforcement laboratories.
Additionally, the laboratories are represented on and work through the Association of Analytical
Chemists to develop and implement consensus methods for microbiology and chemistry.
In the area of quality assurance, the Agency's laboratories assist state and federal partners in
several ways. Examples include providing review of quality management plans and laboratory
projects conducted under interagency agreements with the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA); providing technical assistance and oversight on quality assurance and technical questions
from FDA and DoD laboratories for a variety of projects; providing quality assurance oversight
to the FDA/White Oak facility for the Three Step Method (TSM) collaborative validation study
(the FDA did not have a quality assurance unit in place at the time of the study); and conducting
a readiness review at 10 collaborating laboratories working on the validation of the TSM. The
TSM quantitatively measures the efficacy of antimicrobials for inactivating anthrax spores.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program also supports performance results listed in EPM Pesticides: Protect the
Environment from Pesticide Risk and can be found in the Performance Four-Year Array in Tab
11.
Some of the pesticide program's performance measures are program outputs, which represent
statutory requirements to ensure that pesticides entering the marketplace are safe for human
health and the environment, and when used in accordance with the packaging label present a
reasonable certainty of no harm. There are no specific performance measures under this program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$125.0) This reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
139
-------
(-$15.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(+$59.0) This increase represents additional funds to support laboratory fixed costs for
the pesticide program.
Statutory Authority:
Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act (PRIRA); Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended; Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) as
amended § 408 and 409.
140
-------
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability
Program Area: Pesticides Licensing
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$13,145.0
$537.0
$13,682.0
89.7
FY2010
Actuals
$13,508.9
$505.1
$14,014.0
99.9
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$13,145.0
$537.0
$13,682.0
89.7
FY2012
Pres Budget
$12,550.0
$544.0
$13,094.0
88.1
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($595.0)
$7.0
($588.0)
-1.6
Program Project Description:
Within the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the definition of
"unreasonable adverse effects on the environment" expands the concept of protecting against
unreasonable risks to man or the environment, by adding "taking into account the economic,
social and environmental costs and benefits of the use of any pesticide..."13 This language
authorizes the emergency use program to respond in infestations along with other aspects of the
program that enhances the benefits of pesticides.
EPA must ensure that such emergency uses will not present an unreasonable risk to human
health or the environment. EPA's timely review of emergency exemptions has avoided an
estimated $1.5 billion in crop losses per year,14 resulting from incidents of new pests on crops
when exemptions are necessary to allow non-standard pesticide use to stem off a specific
outbreak or while progress is made towards full registration of new pesticides. In such cases,
EPA's goal is to complete the more detailed and comprehensive risk review for pesticide
registration within three years.
FIFRA clearly recognizes that there will be societal benefits beyond protection of human health
and the environment from the pesticide registration process that it establishes. Section 3 of
FIFRA also authorizes EPA to register products that are identical or substantially similar to
already registered products. While some effective termiticides have been removed from the
market due to safety concerns, EPA continues to work with industry to register safe alternatives
that meet or exceed all current safety standards and offer a high level of protection.
13 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended. January 23, 2004. Section 3(a), Requirement of Registration
(7U.S.C. 136a). Available online at http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/regulating/laws.htm.
14 Baseline data on crop market prices, crop production, and total acres grown are from United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) databases, while the percentage of potential yield loss without pesticides is estimated by Biological and Economic
Analysis Division (BEAD) scientists based on published and unpublished studies. The number of acres treated with the pesticides
are based on data submitted by state Departments of Agriculture.
141
-------
Three pesticide laboratories provide data that are used by EPA to make informed regulatory
decisions that recognize societal benefits: an analytical chemistry laboratory and a microbiology
laboratory at the Environmental Science Center at Fort Meade, MD, and an environmental
chemistry laboratory at Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, MS. These laboratories also
validate environmental and analytical chemistry methods to ensure that the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), EPA offices, and
states have reliable methods to measure and monitor pesticide residues in food and in the
environment. Additionally, the laboratories ensure that pesticides deliver intended results. The
laboratories, in cooperation with industry, state and other EPA laboratories, develop multi-
residue analytical methods to allow enforcement agencies to test for several different chemicals
using one test.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the Agency will realize the benefits of pesticides by operating the National Pesticide
Standard Repository (NPSR) and conducting chemistry and efficacy testing for antimicrobials.
EPA's laboratories will continue to provide quality assurance and technical support and training
to EPA regions, state laboratories, and other federal agencies that implement FIFRA. The
laboratories will evaluate registered products that are most crucial to infection control (sterilants,
tuberculocides, and hospital-level disinfectants). Under the Plant-Incorporated Protectants (PIP)
method validation program, work will continue on evaluating several novel molecular-based
methods.
The pesticide laboratories support the program by evaluating analytical methods for detecting
pesticide residues in food and feed ensuring suitability for monitoring pesticide residues and
enforcement of tolerances. The NPSR also distributes analytical standards to federal and state
laboratories involved in enforcement activities. The laboratories develop and validate multi-
residue pesticide analytical methods for food, feed and water for use by other federal (USDA
Pesticide Data Program and FDA) and state laboratories. These laboratories generate residue
data that are then used by the program to estimate human health risks. The laboratories are
prepared to respond to urgent program needs for analytical chemistry support and special studies
to address specific short-term, rapid turnaround priority issues.
In addition to residue methods, the laboratories provide method validation services for
genetically modified organism products. They also develop data to support FIFRA Section 18
uses for new chemicals where efficacy data are non-existent (particularly biothreat agents,
including B. anthracis, or emerging hospital pathogens) and evaluate the product performance of
antimicrobials used to control infectious pathogens in hospital environments. The laboratories
develop new test methods for novel uses or emerging pathogens, including biothreat agents. The
outputs of this work provide guidelines for efficacy data for public health claims, guidance for
registration, and facilitate technical support and training on testing methods and procedures.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program also supports performance results listed in EPM Pesticides: Realize the
Value of Pesticide Availability and can be found in the Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
142
-------
Some of this program's performance measures are program outputs, which represent statutory
requirements to ensure that pesticides entering the marketplace are safe for human health and the
environment and, when used in accordance with the packaging label, present a reasonable
certainty of no harm. While program outputs are not the best measures of risk reduction, they do
provide a means for realizing benefits in that the program's safety review prevents dangerous
pesticides from entering the marketplace. There are no specific performance measures under this
program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$4.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$3.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(+$14.0) This increase represents additional funds to support laboratory fixed costs for
the pesticide program.
Statutory Authority:
Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act (PRIRA); Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended; Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)as
amended, § 408 and 409.
143
-------
Program Area: Research: Air, Climate and Energy
144
-------
Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Program Area: Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Address Climate Change; Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$111,449.0
$111,449.0
313.6
FY2010
Actuals
$102,758.1
$102,758.1
311.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$111,449.0
$111,449.0
313.6
FY2012
Pres Budget
$108,000.0
$108,000.0
309.6
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($3,449.0)
($3,449.0)
-4.0
Program Project Description:
EPA's Office of Research and Development provides critical support to Agency environmental
policy decisions and regulatory actions to protect human health and the environment. EPA
research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the past 40
years. Research enabled the Agency to implement policies and regulations to minimize waste
and reduce pollution in specific industries and at different scales (national, regional, and local).
However, these solutions were accomplished using approaches based on the best science
available at the time and typically focused on the risks posed by a single chemical to a single
target organ or species.
Now, as science advances, EPA is working to address the increasing complexity of 21st century
environmental challenges with solutions that are effective, efficient, and sustainable - solutions
that are designed to meet current needs while minimizing potential human health and
environmental risks in the future. Air quality decisions historically rested solely on the health
and environmental consequences of individual pollutants. As many air pollutant levels decrease,
however, concern grows for potential health and environmental effects from multipollutant
exposures. Climate change may be affected by, and contribute to, particles in these
multipollutant mixtures. A change in climate may cause changes in temperature, humidity, and
cloud formation that can lead to the evolution of secondary pollutants (e.g., ozone and organic
compounds) and changes in pollution-causing particles. An increase in secondary pollutants and
particle changes may cause increased degradation of air and water quality. At the same time,
community traffic plans and land use decisions also have impacts on climate and air quality. A
comprehensive understanding of these processes is necessary to inform the models used to make
air quality and community adaptation decisions and to avoid partial, disconnected information
that undermines sound decision making.
In FY 2012, EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach that looks at problems from a systems perspective. This approach
will create synergy and should produce more timely, efficient results than those possible from
approaches that are more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or problem areas.
145
-------
Consistent with the Administration's science and technology priorities for FY 2012,15 the new
integrated research approach will help develop sustainable solutions by adding a transformative
component to EPA's existing research portfolio. The Agency will plan, develop and conduct
research leveraging the diverse capabilities of in-house scientists and bridge traditional scientific
disciplines. In addition, research plans will incorporate input from external stakeholders such as
federal, state and local government agencies, non-governmental organizations, industry, and
communities affected by environmental problems.
The Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) Research Program's integrated research approach will
provide models and tools necessary for policy makers at all levels of community and government
to make the best decisions. In coordination with other Research Programs, EPA will extend its
research to include impacts to disadvantaged or otherwise compromised communities. The new
research approach integrates multiple science disciplines and includes multiple users to promote
sound policy decisions as we move forward in the 21st century.
EPA will use the integrated research framework to develop a deeper understanding of our
environmental challenges and inform sustainable solutions to meet our strategic goals. In FY
2012, EPA is realigning and integrating the work of twelve of its base Research Programs into
four new Research Programs:
Air, Climate and Energy
Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Proportion of
Former Programs
Transferring
NEW
FY 2012 Program
100%
99%
10%
1%
15 For more information, see the Executive Office of the President memorandum:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/fyl2-budget-guidance-memo.pdf
146
-------
This integration capitalizes on existing capabilities and promotes the innovative use of multiple
disciplines to further EPA's mission. Research to address targeted, existing problems and
provide technical support will also continue, with a focus on sustainable applications and
outcomes.
This program realignment will strengthen EPA's ability to leverage its partnerships to ensure its
research is addressing the highest Agency priorities. The following Research Programs will be
integrated into the Air, Climate and Energy Research Program:
Clean Air Research
- Global Change Research
- Biofuels Research (within the Sustainability Program)
Mercury Research (within the Human Health and Ecosystems Program)
The following are descriptions of current FY 2012 Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) activities
categorized under the key program areas:
Clean Air Research ($83.1 million)Clean Air research provides the scientific foundation for
review and implementation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In order
to better address the true atmospheric complexities of air pollution, EPA conducts research using
a multi-pollutant source to health outcome approach. This air quality approach will link health
and environmental impacts to their dominant sources and will provide information for a more
effective and efficient air quality management strategy.
Global Change Research ($20.8 million)Global Change research provides scientific
information to enable decision makers and stakeholders to develop the most effective policies
and strategies to respond to global change. Research will continue to improve understanding of
how climate change affects the Agency's ability to fulfill its statutory, regulatory and
programmatic requirements, and identifies opportunities within the provisions of the statutes
(e.g., the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Safe Drinking Water Act) to address the
anticipated impacts of a changing climate.
The Air, Climate and Energy Program will continue to provide the underlying research to
support the Agency's implementation of the Clean Air Act, which mandates scientific review of
the NAAQS as well as the evaluation of risks associated with HAPs. The ACE program will
also continue to be an active participant in the U.S. Global Change Research Program
(USGCRP), the interagency Federal effort to improve scientific understanding of climate change
and global change. 16 EPA will continue to participate in USGCRP's programmatic, assessment,
and planning activities, including the development of the National Climate Assessments.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Protecting human health and the environment from the effects of air pollution and developing a
better understanding of climate change impacts on natural systems, while meeting the demands
of a growing population and economy, is critical to the well-being of the nation. As we
5 For more information, see http://www. globalchange. gov/
147
-------
investigate solutions to reduce and prevent emissions and investigate potential environmental
implications of a changing climate, we are challenged by uncertainties surrounding the complex
interplay between air quality, the changing climate, and a changing energy landscape, and the
subsequent human health and environmental risks from exposure to an evolving array of air
pollutants.
By integrating air, climate and energy research, and in working with the other Research
Programs, EPA will conduct research to understand the complexity of these interactions. The
ACE Program will provide cutting-edge scientific information and tools to support EPA's
strategic goals to protect and improve air quality. New knowledge will investigate
environmental implications of strategies to reduce emissions and sustainably adapt to climate
change.
EPA's ACE Research Program is designed to promote innovative, sustainable, and integrated
solutions to air pollution and climate change to minimize adverse impacts on public health and
the environment. The ACE Program also will continue to provide responsive, robust, and
dynamic research in support of EPA's programs to improve public health and the environment,
increase life expectancy, and protect the most susceptible populations.
Following are overarching research themes to be addressed by the program based on ongoing
input from EPA's partners. These research themes and questions will be independently reviewed
by EPA's Science Advisory Board and Board of Scientific Counselors during the spring and
summer of 2011.
Theme 1: Develop and evaluate multi-pollutant, regional, and sector-based approaches and
advance more cost-effective and innovative strategies to reduce air emissions that adversely
affect atmospheric integrity.
Air pollution sources emit mixtures of pollutants, including greenhouse gases. Individuals are
therefore exposed to multiple air pollutants at any one time. Multi-pollutant and sector-based
pollutant reduction approaches will be developed to simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and account for the evolution and transformation of these mixtures in the atmosphere
and the effects of a changing climate. Integrated pollution reduction approaches will enable EPA
to develop and implement sustainable solutions to effectively meet its goal to ensure a clean and
healthy environment. The ACE Research Program will:
Work with experts in industry, academic and research communities, and with other
federal, state and local partners to develop integrated strategies that reduce and prevent
atmospheric pollution from key economic sectors.
Assess the full life-cycle health, environmental and social impacts of alternative sector-
specific strategies, such as biofuels for transportation.
Develop, evaluate, and adapt innovative technologies for both monitoring multi-pollutant
mixtures in the atmosphere and assessing source emissions for a range of needs,
including community information, compliance and enforcement, regional and national
assessments and air quality planning.
148
-------
Develop research tools that can evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution strategies at the
local, regional and national levels.
Theme 2: Assess the impacts of atmospheric pollution, accounting for interactions between
climate change, air quality, and water quality.
Understanding the concurrent impacts of atmospheric pollution and climate change is a critical
step in evaluating the benefits and sustainability of environmental policies. Many of the
environmental outcomes EPA is seeking to improve are sensitive to weather and climate change.
Research is needed to explain how changes in climate will affect achieving and maintaining air
pollution and other environmental goals. Adding to the complexity is the need to understand
how air pollutants, acting in combination with each other and with stressors impacted by climate
change (e.g., temperature, aeroallergens), impact human health and ecosystems. The ACE
Research Program will:
Develop methods to assess health and ecosystem impacts of exposure to multiple air
pollutants in different environments including polluted urban areas, indoor environments,
and affected ecosystems.
Develop tools and methods to assess impacts of air pollution and climate change at
community, regional, national and international scales.
Link economic, technology, air quality, water quality, land use, ecosystem, and other
models to enable integrated analyses of atmospheric pollution impacts.
Gather, synthesize and report data on past changes in relevant environmental endpoints
and climate-related metrics.
Theme 3: Provide environmental modeling, monitoring, metrics, and information needed by
communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Documented changes to environment and human health due to climate change are challenging
the ability of federal, state, and local agencies to meet their responsibilities to protect public
health and the environment. EPA has an important role to play in providing information that will
help communities adapt to the environmental consequences of climate change. The ACE
Research Program will:
Assess the characteristics of populations and ecosystems that are at greatest risk to the
adverse effects of air pollution and climate change.
Develop integrated approaches to assess how social and economic factors affect
vulnerability to air pollution and climate change.
Develop tools and methods that enable evaluation of adaptation efforts and inform
coordinated, sustainable responses to the impacts of climate change, in partnership with
other federal agencies and research institutions.
Develop tools to assess behavioral, social and economic responses to mitigation or
adaptation policies addressing climate change that can affect vulnerability to air pollution
or climate change impacts.
Support Agency efforts to develop and maintain a next generation monitoring network
for ambient air pollutants, including both the NAAQS and HAPs. In particular, it will
149
-------
provide field validation of available, untested and undeployed monitoring methods,
refinement of outdated techniques and methods, and innovative new technologies.
Within these integrated themes, EPA will continue its research to understand air pollution near
roads, attempting to link roadway emissions with health outcomes. 17 EPA is conducting studies
in Detroit from September 2010 through 2012, in collaboration with the Federal Highway
Administration, to measure and characterize emissions and to understand potential exposures
associated with roadway emissions. This research is being coordinated by EPA with a
cooperative study conducted by the University of Michigan focusing on the links between
emissions, ambient concentrations, exposure metrics and health outcomes in asthmatic children
residing near roadways. Through 2012, EPA will be publishing and reporting study data. Based
on this near roads research, EPA will refine pollution models to provide regulators, community
planners and decision makers with the tools needed to assess land-use and future land-use
planning. These tools will inform key decisions such as school building locations and
renovations. This research includes an assessment of the use of passive road barriers in
mitigating air pollution effects.
Because the 2010 Report to Congress is complete, EPA will reduce funding for research on the
impacts of biofuel production in FY 2012. The decrease will reduce EPA research on filling
gaps identified in the Report to Congress, while still enabling EPA planning for the 2013 Report
to Congress as required by the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA). EPA also will
reduce funding for the Mercury Research Program and discontinue research examining mercury
"hot spots" evaluating mercury emission measurement/control technologies, and assessing the
impact of different coals and technology configurations on coal combustion residues. The
program will use data already generated to produce final products and reports.
During 2012, each of the six NAAQS will be at some phase within the review cycle: Science
Assessment, Risk and Exposure Assessment, Policy Assessment, external review (e.g., Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee review or public review), or Proposed Rulemaking leading to
Final Rule Making. Currently, Particulate Matter and Ozone are in the final phases of review.
The NAAQS reviews focus on individual pollutants as statutorily mandated in five-year cycles
of review. The Air, Climate and Energy research program will continue to provide the critical
science to support the review process and the development of models and tools to support
implementation of the NAAQS.
EPA will support the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves 18 to inform investments to develop
and deploy improved stoves. The goal of the alliance is to reduce the health risks of people
exposed to the emissions from cookstoves used by the world's poor to cook and heat. Clean
cookstoves can save lives, enhance livelihoods, empower women and combat climate change.
By utilizing EPA's unique expertise in characterizing emission generation, quantifying
exposures and assessing human health effects, ACE will address the health, environmental,
economic, and gender risks associated with the use of solid fuels in traditional cookstoves.
Performance Targets:
17 For more information, see Near Roads: http://www.epa.gov/nerl/goals/air/linkages.html
18 For more information, see the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves: http://cleancookstoves.org/overview/.
150
-------
To be accountable to the American taxpayers, EPA plans to support the interagency Science and
Technology in America's Reinvestment - Measuring the Effect of Research on Innovation,
Competitiveness and Science (STAR METRICS) Program, currently a pilot program for the
National Institutes of Health. This program is a collaboration of multiple science agencies, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the research community. STAR METRICS will
use "science of science policy" approaches to assessing the impact that federal science and
technology investments have on society, the environment, and the economy.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
The following policy changes are based on a comparison of the new FY 2012 budget structure to
the 2010 enacted budget and are included in the transfers from the source programs following
this section:
(+$3,000.0) This reflects an increase to help the Agency develop efficient, high-
performing, and cost-effective monitors for ambient air pollutants, including both the
NAAQS and HAPs. In particular, it will provide field validation of available, untested
and undeployed monitoring methods, refinement of outdated techniques and methods,
and innovative new technologies. With this investment, the Agency will seek lowest-cost,
automated monitoring technologies to minimize future monitoring burdens felt by state
and local agencies. This investment in a next generation air monitoring network supports
the Agency's priority of improving air quality across the nation by helping modernize
monitoring methods and monitors.
(-$36.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$150.0) This reflects a decrease to the Clean Air Research Program and will reduce
source receptor and dose-effect research that investigates human exposure to air
pollutants and the resulting health effects. This decrease could reduce the level of detail
in risk estimates that support NAAQS regulations. This decrease will also delay
reporting for the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study.
(-$625.0) This reflects a reduction to research investigating the impacts of climate change
on estuarine ecosystems.
(-$762.0) This reduction to the Clean Air Research Program will reduce research
activities that support the development and application of models and technologies used
to understand the relationships between air pollution, ambient concentration and
exposures, and assist in the development of state implementation strategies. This
decrease will result in a delay to possible model improvements that could aid state and
regional air quality implementation plans.
151
-------
(-$2,200.0) This reflects a disinvestment of research in biofuels due to the completion of
the 2010 Report to Congress. The decrease will reduce EPA research on filling gaps
identified in the Report to Congress, while still enabling EPA planning for the 2013
Report to Congress as required by the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA).
(-$2,429.0 / -3.1 FTE) This reflects a reduction to the Mercury Research Program and
includes a reduction of 3.1 FTE and decreased associated payroll of -$412.0. The
program will discontinue research examining mercury "hot spots" evaluating mercury
emission measurement/control technologies, and assessing the impact of different coals
and technology configurations on coal combustion residues. The program will use data
already generated to produce final products and reports.
(-$247.0 / -.9 FTE) This decrease represents the net effect of all other payroll and
technical adjustments including Information Technology reductions, Small Business
Renovation Research (SBIR) realignments and administrative and programmatic support
realignments and reductions. It includes an increase of $820.0 for FTE changes as well
as a recalculation of base costs for existing FTE in this program. For more information
on these adjustments, refer to the programs integrating into the Air, Climate and Energy
Program.
The following transfers will integrate Clean Air, Global Climate Change, Mercury and Biofuels
Programs into the transdisciplinary Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) Research Program that better
aligns with the Administration and Agency priorities. This effort will improve the ability to
deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative sustainable solutions
as the overall goal. This integration reflects EPA's efforts to collaborate across traditional
program boundaries to support national and regional decision-making, thereby strengthening the
Agency's ability to respond to environmental and public health.
(+$83,186.0 / +261.8 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Clean Air Research Program into the new, integrated Air, Climate and Energy Research
Program, including $35,373.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes the net effect
of all technical adjustments such as Information Technology (IT) reductions, Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) realignments and administrative and programmatic
support realignments and reductions. For additional details on this net effect, please refer
to the Research: Clean Air Program narrative.
(+$20,810.0 / +41.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Global Change Research Program into the new, integrated Air, Climate and Energy
Research Program, and includes $5,521.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes the
net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR realignments and
administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions. For additional
details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Global Change Program narrative.
(+$1,204.0 / +6.6 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Human Health and Ecosystems Research Program for mercury research and includes
152
-------
$886.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes the net effect of all technical
adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR realignments and administrative and
programmatic support realignments and reductions. For additional details on this net
effect, please refer to the Research: Human Health and Ecosystems Program narrative.
(+$2,800.0) This reflects a transfer of resources from the Sustainability Research
Program for biofuels research. This transfer includes the net effect of all technical
adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR realignments and administrative and
programmatic support realignments and reductions. For additional details on this net
effect, please refer to the Research: Sustainability Program narrative.
Statutory Authority:
CAA 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. Title 1, Part A - Sec. 103 (a) and (d) and Sec. 104 (c); CAA 42
U.S.C 7402(b) Section 102; CAA 42 U.S.C 7403(b)(2) Section 103(b)(2); Clinger Cohen Act, 40
U.S.C 11318; Economy Act, 31 U.S.C 1535; EISA, Title II Subtitle B; ERDDA, 33 U.S.C. 1251
- Section 2(a); Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, 31 U.S.C. 6502; NCPA; NEPA, Section 102;
PPA; USGCRA 15 U.S.C. 2921.
153
-------
Program Area: Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
154
-------
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Program Area: Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect Human Health; Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$111,073.0
$111,073.0
427.0
FY2010
Actuals
$108,932.9
$108,932.9
407.5
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$111,073.0
$111,073.0
427.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$118,776.0
$118,776.0
439.6
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$7,703.0
$7,703.0
12.6
Program Project Description:
EPA's Office of Research and Development provides critical support to Agency environmental
policy decisions and regulatory actions to protect human health and the environment. EPA
research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the past 40
years. Research enabled the Agency to implement policies and regulations to reduce pollution
and minimize waste in specific industries. However, these solutions were accomplished
approaches based on the best science available at the time for very specific problems, for
example, focusing on the risks posed by a single chemical to a single target organ or species.
Now, as science advances, EPA is working to address the increasing complexity of 21st century
environmental challenges with solutions that are effective, efficient, and sustainable - solutions
that are designed to meet current needs while minimizing potential health and environmental
detriment in the future.
One such novel challenge is nutrient pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus). The problem of
nutrient loading and the events that cascade from it are not just a pervasive problem for aquatic
ecosystems, but also may create public health problems, both of which could be exacerbated by
climate change and changes in water quantity. Nutrients enter and impact every step of the
hydrologic cycle from air to land to fresh surface water to groundwater to estuaries to marine
systems. Excessive nutrient loads are currently responsible for poor biological condition in over
30 percent of the nation's stream miles and about 20 percent of the nation's lakes and reservoirs.
In addition, these loads raise public health concerns associated with cyanobactedal blooms,
nitrate and nitrite pollution, and the formation of disinfection by-products in drinking water
supplies. Solving the nutrient pollution problem and ensuring sustainable, safe water resources,
will require engaging expertise across many sectors and across traditional scientific disciplines.
Integrated, research is needed to help develop improved management practices for nutrients and
other novel water challenges in the face of competing demands for water resources.
To address these challenges, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science
by implementing an integrated research approach that looks at problems from a systems
perspective. This approach will create synergy and produce more timely, efficient results than
155
-------
those possible from approaches that are more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or problem
areas.
Consistent with the Administration's science and technology priorities for FY 2012,19 the new
integrated research approach will help develop sustainable solutions by adding a transformative
component to EPA's existing water research portfolio. The Agency will plan, develop and
conduct research leveraging the diverse capabilities of in-house scientists and engineers, and
bridge traditional scientific disciplines. In addition, research for scientific, technological, and
behavioral innovations will help ensure clean, abundant and equitable supplies of water that
support human health and resilient aquatic ecosystems. Research plans will incorporate input
from external stakeholders such as federal, state and local government agencies, non-
governmental organizations, industry, and communities affected by environmental problems.
EPA will use the integrated research framework to develop a deeper understanding of our
environmental challenges and inform sustainable solutions to meet our strategic goals. In FY
2012, EPA is realigning and combining the Drinking Water and Water Quality base Research
Programs into one Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research Program. This integration
capitalizes on existing capabilities and promotes the use of an approach to further EPA's
mission. Research to address targeted, existing problems and provide technical support will also
continue, but with an emphasis on applications and outcomes. This program realignment will
strengthen EPA's ability to leverage partnerships to ensure research is addressing the highest
Agency priorities.
Proportion of
Former Programs
Transferring
NEW
FY 2012 Program
100%
Safe and
Sustainable
WatervResources
19 For more information, see the Executive Office of the President memorandum:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/fyl2-budget-guidance-memo.pdf
156
-------
The following are descriptions of FY 2012 Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research
Program activities categorized under each program area:
EPA's Drinking Water Research Program (FY 2012 request: $52.5 million) conducts
comprehensive integrated research in support of EPA's Water Program and regional offices'
implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The program focuses on
characterization and management of human health risks across the water continuum with an
emphasis on sound scientific approaches for ensuring safe and sustainable drinking water.
The Water Quality Research Program (FY 2012 request: $66.2 million) is designed to support
the Clean Water Act (CWA), providing scientific information and tools to the Agency and others
to help protect and restore the designated uses of water bodies that sustain human health and
aquatic life. Research focuses on the development and application of water quality criteria, the
implementation of effective watershed management approaches, and the application of
technological options to restore and protect water bodies using information on effective
identification, treatment and management alternatives.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Following are descriptions of problem areas to be addressed by the program based on ongoing
input from EPA's partners. These research themes and questions, as well as the Agency's FY
2012 research plan, will be independently reviewed by EPA's Science Advisory Board and
Board of Scientific Counselors.
Increasing demands for sources of clean water-combined with poor land use practices, growth,
aging infrastructure, and climate variability threaten to our nation's water resources. Research is
needed to inform management of our nation's waters in an integrated, sustainable manner that
will promote economic prosperity and human and aquatic ecosystem health.
In FY 2012, the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research Program will begin addressing
the critical science questions impacting the development and maintenance of safe, sustainable
waters. It will begin to address key issues such as comprehensive water resource management,
water sustainability metrics, infrastructure life-cycle assessments, and economical and effective
management of stressors (e.g., nutrients, sediments, pathogens other contaminants). Safe and
Sustainable Water Resources efforts will address existing high priority water research needs,
such as recreational water protection, water-energy interdependences, geologic sequestration,
green infrastructure, and hydraulic fracturing.
The Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research Program seeks safe, resilient and
sustainable solutions to the increasingly complex water challenges facing the nation's regions,
states, tribes, cities, and rural areas. Research areas that may be investigated in FY 2012 include
potential impacts of a changing climate on water resources, existing infrastructure problems
associated with built urban environments and sprawl, potential consequences of increased energy
demand and mineral extraction on water quality, and maintaining and using natural and
engineered aquatic systems to fully ensure the needed capacity and quality of water that supports
the nation's range of growing demands and uses. Safe and Sustainable Water Resources research
157
-------
will guide the national implementation of EPA's regulatory and non-regulatory efforts by
providing information on new approaches to enable the following:
Systematic protection and restoration of watersheds to provide safe and sustainable water
quality necessary for human and ecosystem health;
Sustainable water quality and availability to support the needs of healthy humans,
ecosystems, and economies; and
Water infrastructure capable of the sustained delivery of safe water, providing for the
removal and treatment of wastewater consistent with its sustainable and safe reuse, and
management of stormwater in a manner that values it as a resource and a component of
sustainable water resources.
Research that informs assessing the potential public health and environmental risks posed
by hydraulic fracturing. In particular, EPA's Science Advisory Board recommends that
EPA undertake five to ten case studies in order to provide an understanding of how
potential risks may vary in the key geologic and geographic situations where hydraulic
fracturing is or may be used.
The new Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Program will take a systems approach to
protecting human and aquatic ecosystem health and protecting and restoring watersheds for the
sustainability of the nation's water resources. This approach will continue to include targeted
research on key priorities.
For example, in FY 2010, the Agency began outreach and investigation into a study designed to
determine whether hydraulic fracturing has adverse effects on drinking water resources in
response to a FY 2010 request from Congress. Work in FY 2012 will continue to assess the
potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing.
Beaches work in FY 2012 will continue to support criteria development and implementation
guidance regarding the applicability and use of new molecular tools. The molecular tools
provide a more sensitive measure of waterborne pathogens that can cause disease and allow
public health officials to determine more quickly if water is safe for swimming. While
immediate needs for the 2012 criteria are being met, work to support an expected five year
revision will focus on new and unanswered questions. Large scale epidemiology studies will be
more difficult to support with the proposed reduction, but continued development of measures of
waterborne pathogen occurrence and tools for assessing illnesses related to pathogens will
remain a priority. There will not be large scale health studies in FY 2012, but work on tools to
use in future health studies will continue.
Aging Water Infrastructure research, which began as a FY 2007 initiative, will wrap up efforts to
provide new tools for infrastructure condition assessment, repair, replacement, and rehabilitation.
This research also will provide improved tools for decision-support and asset management.
Green infrastructure work will continue to support several regional projects. This work will
provide better predictive tools and guidance for selecting and implementing appropriate green
technologies. Supporting work also will seek to link green technologies to improving watershed
health at various scales and locations. This information is important to municipal governments
for capital planning projects to meet both the current needs and future needs,
158
-------
Finally, carbon sequestration research will continue in FY 2012 and will focus on mechanical
well integrity, biogeochemical and hydrologic models of the fate and transport of carbon dioxide
and displaced fluids in subsurface formations, and monitoring and modeling approaches for
characterizing and managing sites in support of the SDWA underground injection control (UIC)
program.
Performance Targets:
As EPA scientists work closely with the program and regional offices to develop the Safe and
Sustainable Water Resources' solution-oriented research portfolio, EPA also is developing FY
2012 measures for program managers to ensure the research is responsive to our partners' critical
research needs. In addition, to be accountable to the American taxpayers, EPA plans to support
the interagency Science and Technology in America's Reinvestment - Measuring the Effect of
Research on Innovation, Competitiveness and Science (STAR METRICS) Program, currently a
pilot program for the National Institutes of Health. This program is a collaboration of multiple
science agencies, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the research community.
STAR METRICS uses "science of science policy" approaches focusing on assessing the impact
federal science and technology investments have on society, the environment, and the economy.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
The following policy changes are based on a comparison of the new FY 2012 Budget structure to
the 2010 enacted Budget and are included in the transfers from the source programs following
this section:
(+$5,966.0 / +7.0 FTE) This reflects funding for green infrastructure research to improve
watershed management practices and facilitate the nation's transition to more sustainable
water infrastructure systems. The increase also includes 7.0 FTE with associated payroll of
$931.0. A significant portion of funds will leverage the innovative thinking by academia's
scientists through Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants.
(+$4,226.0 / +5.0 FTE) This reflects an increase for research on hydraulic fracturing which
includes $665.0 in associated payroll for 5.0 FTE. Research will provide policy relevant
methods, models, monitoring tools, and data on potential risks associated with extracting gas
from subsurface formations using vertical and horizontal fracturing technologies. Research
will inform key areas lacking information to provide an adequate assessment of the potential
public health and environmental risks posed by hydraulic fracturing. In particular, EPA's
Science Advisory Board recommends that EPA undertake five to ten case studies in order to
provide an understanding of how the risks may vary in the key geologic and geographic
situations where hydraulic fracturing is or may be used. Evaluation of the chemicals
conducted under this investment will provide a sound foundation upon which to base the
choice of safer hydraulic fracturing chemicals. Congress has urged EPA to conduct this
research, which supports the Agency's priority to protect the quality of the nation's waters by
ensuring the protection of our aquifers.
159
-------
(-$550.0) This reflects a reduction to the development of best management practices and
informing decisions associated with control of pathogens in drinking water systems. This
decrease will limit the extent to which the Agency can respond to the priorities defined by
EPA's Distribution System Research and Information Collection Partnership (RICP).
(-$1,005.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and programmatic
areas to achieve these savings.
(-$2,000.0) This reflects a decrease in Beaches research due to continued progress in
meeting the requirements of the consent decree and settlement agreement. Work to support
implementation efforts through the Office of Water will receive a higher priority. In
particular, as the Beaches work nears completion, human health effects efforts will transition
to a technical support level. Research on methods and new molecular tools will continue.
Large scale epidemiology studies will be more difficult to support with this reduction, but
continued development of measures of waterborne pathogen occurrence and tools for
assessing illnesses related to pathogens will remain a priority. There will not be large scale
health studies in FY 2012, but work on tools to use in future health studies will continue.
While immediate needs for the 2012 criteria are being met, work to support an expected five
year revision will focus on new and unanswered questions.
(+$1,066.0 / +0.6 FTE) This increase represents the net effect of all other payroll and
technical adjustments including Information Technology reductions, Small Business
Renovation Research realignments and administrative and programmatic support
realignments and reductions. It includes an increase of $1579.0 for FTE changes as well as a
recalculation of base costs for existing FTE in this program. For more information on these
adjustments, refer to the programs integrating into the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Program.
The following transfers will integrate Drinking Water and Water Quality Research Programs into
the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research Program that better aligns with the
Administration and Agency priorities. This effort will improve the ability to deliver science
more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative sustainable solutions as the overall
goal. This integration reflects EPA's efforts to collaborate across traditional program boundaries
to support national and regional decision-making, thereby strengthening the Agency's ability to
respond to environmental and public health issues.
(+$52,547.0 / +196.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Drinking Water Research Program into the new, integrated Safe and Sustainable Water
Resources Program, including $25,050.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes the net
effect of all technical adjustments such as Information Technology (IT) reductions, Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) realignments and administrative and programmatic
support realignments and reductions. For additional details on this net effect, please refer to
the Research: Drinking Water Program narrative.
160
-------
(+$66,229.0 / +243.4 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Water Quality Research Program into the new, integrated Safe and Sustainable Water
Resources Program and includes $31,105.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes the
net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR realignments and
administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions. For additional details
on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Water Quality Program narrative.
Statutory Authority:
SDWA Part E, Sec. 1442 (a)(l); CWA Title I, Sec. 101(a)(6) 33 U.S.C. 1254 - Sec 104 (a) and
(c) and Sec. 105; ERDDA 33 U.S.C. 1251 - Section 2(a); MPRSA Sec. 203, 33 U.S.C. 1443;
ODBA Title II; SPA; CVA; WRDA; WWWQA; MPPRCA; NISA; CZARA;, CWPPRA; (ESA;
NAWCA; FIFRA 7 U.S. C. 135 et seq; TSCA U.S. C. 136 et seq.
161
-------
Program Area: Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
162
-------
Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Program Area: Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Goal: Cleaning Up Our Communities
Objective(s): Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$77,831.0
$77,831.0
283.7
FY2010
Actuals
$75,221.1
$75,221.1
276.5
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$77,831.0
$77,831.0
283.7
FY2012
Pres Budget
$95,657.0
$95,657.0
292.7
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$17,826.0
$17,826.0
9.0
Program Project Description:
As primary support for environmental policy decisions and regulatory actions to protect human
health and the environment, EPA's research has provided effective solutions to high-priority
environmental problems for the past 40 years. Research enabled the Agency to implement
policies and regulations to minimize waste and reduce pollution in specific industries. However,
these solutions were accomplished using approaches based on the best science available at the
time, which often focused on more narrow issues such as on the risks posed by a single chemical
to a single target organ or species.
Such an approach that focuses on a single chemical at a time using expensive and time
consuming methodologies is not adequate for providing the information needed to assess the
hazards and exposure of the large numbers of chemicals in commerce. As science advances, EPA
is working to develop more efficient and effective tools for evaluating the effects of chemicals as
function of species, gender, genetics and lifestage. EPA needs the research capability to fully
understand complex interactions and in order to inform policy choices to develop more
sustainable solutions.
In FY 2012, EPA will strengthen its planning, conduct and delivery of science by implementing
an integrated research approach that looks at problems from a systems perspective. This
approach will create synergy and lead to the generation of environmental science information
that is more responsive to more modern public health and environmental challenges and hence
will be of greater use to decision makers.
Consistent with the Administration's science and technology priorities for FY 2012,20 the new
20 For more information, see the Executive Office of the President memorandum:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/fyl2-budget-guidance-memo.pdf
163
-------
integrated research approach will help develop sustainable solutions by adding a transformative
component to EPA's existing research portfolio. The Agency will plan, develop and conduct
research in ways that bring together the expertise of a wide range of disciplines in the biological,
chemical, physical, computational and social sciences. Additionally, EPA will assess the needs
and priorities of the Research Program's partners in the program offices and regions, to provide
more effective and efficient tools for evaluating chemical exposures, hazards and risks. In
addition, research action plans will incorporate input from external stakeholders such as federal,
state and local government agencies, non-governmental organizations, industry, and
communities.
EPA will use the integrated research framework to develop a deeper understanding of our
environmental challenges and inform sustainable solutions to meet our strategic goals. In FY
2012, EPA is integrating Computational Toxicology, Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs),
and Nanotechnology research, as well as portions of Human Health, Human Health Risk
Assessment, Pesticides and Toxics, and Sustainability research, into a new Chemical Safety and
Sustainability Research Program.
Proportion of
Former Programs
Transferring
NEW
FY 2012 Program
Endocrine Disrupting
Chemicals
Computational Toxicology
I 55%| J Pesticides & Toxics
31% | Land Protection & Restoration
Human Health & Ecosystems
20% | Sustainability(E-Waste)
I** 1
1 <1% 1
Human Health
Risk Assessment
Clean Air
Nanotechnology (Land, HH&Eco, Air)
This integration capitalizes on existing capabilities and promotes the use of a systems
perspective to achieve EPA's mission. Research to address targeted, existing problems and
provide technical support will also continue, with an emphasis on utilizing the integrated
approaches developed by the core Research Program. The Research Program realignments will
strengthen EPA's ability to leverage partnerships to ensure EPA research is addressing the
highest Agency priorities.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
164
-------
We need chemicals to clean everything from industrial equipment to our clothes to the water we
drink and to help us provide an abundant food supply for our growing population. While
chemicals contribute to our economic well-being and our quality of life, some may also
adversely affect our health, society, and the environment. We need new ways to evaluate and
reduce the effects of harmful chemicals on society and the environment while maintaining our
economic well-being. To this end, EPA has been working to reshape its research on chemicals to
ensure that we develop timely innovative, systematic, effective, and efficient approaches and
tools to inform decisions that will reduce such impacts of chemicals.
The CSS Research Program has been working with partners from across EPA as well as external
stakeholders to identify the critical science questions that will be addressed under the CSS
Research Program in 2012. These research themes and questions, as well as the final research
action plan, will be independently reviewed by EPA's Science Advisory Board and Board of
Scientific Counselors. Research under CSS will support the development and applications of
tools that would contribute to the design of safer chemicals. The Administration's science and
technology priorities for FY 2012 stress the need for more multidisciplinary research that
transforms the approaches used to address the nation's problems. This funding will combine the
unique capabilities and expertise in EPA to address the national challenge associated with the
large number of chemicals and products used and introduced annually in the United States.
Funds will support a range of science activities, in coordination with EPA policy activities that
will help address this issue in a systemic, integrated manner and provide for more sustainable
solutions to environmental issues.
CSS will build on existing research on cost-efficient, energy-efficient, generic, and green
pathways for synthesizing chemicals that are constituents of products that pose potential
exposures to humans and ecosystems. In addition, the program will develop approaches, such as
life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies, that will demonstrate the benefits of green pathways
when evaluated from life cycle impacts and cost bases. The CSS Research Program also will
develop innovative, approaches and tools that inform more sustainable solutions to the design of
chemicals. For example, EPA is developing approaches to identify and assess the environmental
impacts of specific properties of nanomaterials contained in next-generation batteries. These
assessment tools will be invaluable to manufacturers and will allow them to create next-
generation batteries that are that is both economically viable and environmentally friendly.
With the use of nanotechnology in the consumer and industrial sectors expected to increase
significantly in the future, nanotechnology offers society the promise of major benefits. The
challenge for environmental protection is to ensure that, as nanomaterials are developed and
used, unintended adverse consequences of exposures to humans and ecosystems are identified
and prevented or minimized.
In FY 2012, the CSS Program will conduct research on the environmental impacts of
nanomaterials and other chemicals from a life cycle perspective. Impacts to people or the
environment from chemicals can occur at any point from the extraction of raw materials to make
the chemical; to processes to create the chemical and incorporate it into products; through the
chemical's use; and at its end of life, when it is disposed of or recycled. In addition, research
conducted within the CSS Program will inform chemical evaluation strategies that integrate
165
-------
specific decision needs into tiered approaches for developing the scientific information used for
risk assessments and risk management decisions. CSS will support the development and
application of improved and new:
Strategies and approaches for the efficient assessment and management of the thousands
of existing and emerging chemicals (including pesticides, toxic substances, endocrine
disrupters, nanomaterials) in commerce (i.e., knowing what to test, when to test it, and
how);
Advanced computational tools for improving existing methods to understand inherent
properties and predict behaviors and impacts of chemicals and their related products
throughout their life-cycle;
Approaches for alternative product formulations using green chemistry and engineering
principles throughout their life-cycle that lead to greater sustainability;
Multidisciplinary approaches to better characterize the impact on environmental media
and aquatic organisms of real world releases of endocrine active compounds (including
natural hormones, pesticides, industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals) from wastewater
treatment plans, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), and drinking water
plants, and to develop risk management and mitigation strategies.
Approaches to address issues of cumulative risk, chemical mixtures in the environment,
vulnerability of populations, and environmental equity; and
Methods to translate research findings into decision support tools that are useful and
usable to regulators and risk managers, as well as the other Agency Research Programs:
Air, Climate, and Energy; Sustainable Water and Water Resources; Sustainable and
Healthy Communities; Human Health Risk Assessment; and Homeland Security.
As part of EPA's sustained support for fundamental research and the vitality and productivity of
research universities and laboratories, CSS will support new Science To Achieve Results
(STAR) grants for:
A Center for Life Cycle Chemical Safety,
A Center for Sustainable Molecular Design focused on the safer design of chemicals
without endocrine activity,
Innovative treatment designs and technologies approaches for mitigating EDCs and other
emerging chemical contaminants from drinking water and wastewater treatment systems,
and,
High throughput screens that would improve our understanding of the pathways of
toxicity relevant to endocrine-mediated endpoints in mammalian and ecological
organisms.
166
-------
EPA is developing performance measures for this program to ensure the research meets the
critical needs of partners. The key performance foci will be:
Identifying and synthesizing the best available scientific information, models, methods,
and analyses to support Agency guidance and policy decisions, with a focus on human
and ecosystem health
Supporting the screening and testing protocols that EPA's Chemical Safety and Pollution
Prevention Program will validate for use in evaluating the potential for chemicals to
cause endocrine-mediated effects
Developing the scientific underpinning related to the effects, exposures, and risk
management of specific individual or classes of both pesticides and toxic substances that
are of high priority to the Agency to inform Agency risk assessment and management
decisions.ORD is collaborating with EPA's Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution
Prevention (OCSPP) to develop a workplan that will allow OCSPP to incorporate
efficient toxicological assessment approaches into its prioritization of chemical action
plans and other decision-making processes. ORD meets with OCSPP periodically to help
identify their highest priority science needs and ensure that the research program is
addressing these needs in an efficient and timely manner.
The following are descriptions of FY 2012 Chemical Safety and Sustainability activities
categorized under key program areas:
Computational Toxicology ($21.2 million)
Computational toxicology is the application of mathematical and computer models to help assess
the hazards and risk chemicals pose to human health and the environment. Supported by
advances in informatics, high-throughput screening, and genomics, computational toxicology
offers scientists the ability to develop a more detailed understanding of the hazards posed by
large numbers of chemicals, while at the same time reducing the use of animals for toxicological
testing. EPA is developing robust and flexible computational tools that can be applied to the
thousands of contaminants and contaminant mixtures found in America's air, water, and
hazardous-waste sites.
ToxCast: EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) is a state-of-the-art chemical screening
approach that builds statistical and computational models that identify and forecast toxicity
pathways relevant to human health effects. EPA uses ToxCast data to develop prioritization
tools for regulatory decision making in Agency program offices. EPA has an existing partnership
With PtlZer, as well as pending partnerships with several large pharmaceutical companies including Merck, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and
Sanofi-Aventis. During Phase II of ToxCast, these partnerships will allow EPA to directly compare
ToxCast results with data on chemicals already clinically proven to be toxic to humans.
Completion of Phase II is planned for FY 2012. EPA will continue to use ToxCast data to
refine toxicological prediction models for developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and
cancer causing chemicals. The goal is to transition to the use of ToxCast for regulation
determination beginning in FY 2013. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to assess appropriate
reference substances for assessing estrogen, androgen, and thyroid systems and expand its
167
-------
collaborations on proof of concept investigations of toxicological pathways in the ToxCast
program. EPA expects to award four additional ToxCast contracts that will become
operational in FY 2012. These contracts, as well as new STAR research grants, will accelerate
and sustain EPA's activity in this area of science.
Tox21: The Tox21 effort unites the Agency's capabilities with those of the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Institutes of Health
(NIH)'s Chemical Genomics Center (NCGC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA). Tox21 integrates EPA's ToxCast assays with the thousands of chemicals being
tested at the NIH NCGC.21 The Tox21 library contains data on roughly 10,000 chemicals; a
public online database (PubChem) houses the results of high throughput screening of the
nuclear receptors and stress pathways of these chemicals.
EPA is making long-range efforts to leverage data from ToxCast and Tox21 and other
supporting knowledge bases to develop virtual first generation models of the liver and embryo.
In addition, the "elk" study, launched in FY 2011, will provide endocrine activity profiles on an
additional 1000 chemicals for use by the Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (CSPP)
program.
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ($16.9 million)
The EPA research program provides direct support to CSPP's endocrine screening and testing
efforts by evaluating current testing protocols and developing new protocols to evaluate potential
endocrine effects of environmental agents. EPA's research in this area also includes developing
and applying methods, models, and measures to evaluate real-world exposures to endocrine
disrupters and characterize related effects resulting from these exposures for humans and
wildlife. In addition, EPA develops risk management tools to prevent or mitigate exposures to
EDCs.
In FY 2012 the Agency will conduct research to:
Define toxicity pathways by which endocrine disrupters adversely affect the health of
mammalian and aquatic organisms;
Characterize the shape of the "dose-response" curve and its implications for risk
assessment, and;
Develop approaches for assessing cumulative risk and methods for extrapolating results
across species, ultimately reducing animal testing.
Additional research in FY 2012 will identify sources of EDCs entering the environment,
focusing on wastewater and drinking water treatment plants and concentrated animal feeding
operations (CAFOs). This research will explore the extent to which these sources contribute to
environmental releases of endocrine active compounds, examine the impact of these compounds
on aquatic organisms, and develop improved technologies that can be applied to reduce harmful
endocrine active compound levels. For example, technological advances in the field of green
1 Collins et al., 2008, Science; http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/319/5865/906.pdf
168
-------
engineering will enable chemicals to be manufactured without endocrine activity. Innovative
and cost-effective technologies will advance the assessment and management of environmental
endocrine disrupters and other emerging contaminants of concern and strengthen the Agency's
ability to protect human health and wildlife. Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants will
complement these FY 2012 intramural research activities.
The limitations of current tools and approachesand the number of chemicals to assess
challenge the nation's efforts to make chemicals use environmentally sustainable (i.e.,"greener").
As a modern society, the United States produces tens of thousands of chemicals and millions of
products to enhance our productivity, comfort, and well-being. EPA's mission is to safeguard
human health and the environment, including responsibility for assessing and managing risks
from chemicals over their life cycle. Current regulatory decisions to control the use of specific
chemicals are based on a wide range of tools and information that represent the best available
science; however, these tools are unable to handle the large number of chemicals currently in
commerce. Additionally, the available tools have failed to fully address complex aspects of risk,
such as the impact of life-stage vulnerability, genetic susceptibility, disproportionate exposures,
and cumulative risk. New computational, physico-chemical, and biological science tools are
rapidly developing that will transform the way risks of chemical products are evaluated. Broadly
applicable, predictive, high-throughput tools will be combined using a systems approach to
integrate toxicity and exposure pathways in the context of the life cycle of the chemical, as well
as addressing the long standing need to assess environmentally relevant mixtures.
By formally integrating its chemicals research, EPA will advance the science in the sustainable
development, use, and assessment of chemicals by developing and applying integrated chemical
evaluation strategies and decision-support tools. Such new scientific approaches are needed for
the safer use, assessment, and management of chemicals. Currently, there are nearly 150,000
chemicals registered in the European REACH Program and over 84,000 chemicals on the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory, and each year about 1,000 new chemicals are
introduced into commerce. EPA is developing innovative, high-throughput tools that are capable
of screening thousands of chemicals in a day. By developing this technology, EPA will have the
science and tools needed to make evaluations more quickly and cost-effectively.
In 2012, additional funding will support grants to academia through the Agency's STAR
Program, complementing the intramural research effort on EDCs. This research will allow for an
acceleration of the latest state-of-the-art technologies and innovations to advance the assessment
and management of environmental endocrine disrupters and other emerging contaminants of
concern.
EPA also will continue its ongoing investment in next-generation computational toxicology tools
to speed and facilitate implementation of the Agency's Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program
(EDSP). The application of these tools will introduce a more efficient approach to identifying
potential endocrine disrupters and apply this information across the life cycle of a chemical. This
research is critical to help the Agency meet its priority of strengthening chemicals management
and risk assessment, as well as bolstering ongoing efforts to quickly screen the large universe of
known chemicals in commerce today for potential to interact with the endocrine system.
169
-------
There are three distinct drivers for ORD's Chemical Safety and Sustainability Program:
The need to tailor data generation and evaluation approaches to support varying
decisions. Rapid and efficient risk assessment requires intelligent testing approaches
that apply broad, predictive approaches, including those that use high-throughput
tools, to integrate toxicity and exposure pathways using systems approaches and
consideration of the entire chemical life cycle. The goal of this Research Area of CSS
is to develop and provide Integrated Evaluation tools and approaches for providing
context relevant answers to issues of chemical safety assessment. For example, some
decisions only need screening-level assessments to identify within a large number of
chemicals a small number which may cause concern. Using the experience gained in
the ToxCast program, the CSS program will develop non-animal and high-
throughput tests targeted at common adverse health effects induced by chemicals,
including birth defects, reproductive impairment, immunological and neurological
disorders, cancers and impacts on wildlife population structures. Research in these
areas will inform assessments and decision making on impacts to humans and wildlife
at the individual and population levels. Although the emphasis of this research area is
on developing the scientific knowledge required to develop and refine tools and
models, the testing and evaluation of these tools will be an integral component of the
research.
The need to more efficiently and effectively assess chemical risks and identify what to do
about them.
In support of Goal 4 of the EPA Strategic Plan, which calls for reducing chemical
risks, EPA research must integrate efforts to improve the next-generation of risk
assessment and risk management approaches. New approaches will ensure faster,
more efficient, and more sustainable decisions with reduced uncertainty for both
legacy and new chemicals. New assessment and management methods will support a
broad array of decisions, ranging from screening and prioritization to major regulatory
decisions for humans and wildlife. Using tools and approaches from the first activity
areasuch as toxicogenomic methods, structure-activity relationships that are better-
informed by inherent properties information, and LCA methodsthe new assessment
and management methods developed in this activity will incorporate data on chemical
inherency, exposure, and hazard. These new assessment and management methods
also will incorporate information from life cycle assessment and other methodologies
that can provide more realistic and environmentally relevant assessments than simply
focusing on a single chemical without considering its environmental context. These
new methods must incorporate the means to assess vulnerabilities from inherent and
extrinsic factors that lead to differential susceptibilities, and, therefore, can inform
community and environmental justice mandates being planned in the Sustainable and
Healthy Communities Program for assessing and mitigating environmental impacts.
The need to focus on the highest-priority chemicals-related problems facing EPA and the
nation, so that research remains relevant to the Agency's mission.
Even as the Chemicals Research Program provides the foundation for a transformation
in the current business practices for chemical management, it is necessary to be
170
-------
mindful that there will be time-critical research needs for fulfilling regulatory
mandates. EPA researchers will engage Agency partners on an annual basis and
determine the types of research needed to directly support key regulatory decisions.
This year, for instance EPA is working in the key area of assessing cumulative risks of
children's exposure to insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in schools.
This activity will, therefore, be focused on how to incorporate into the integrated
evaluation strategy those methods, models, and data that address the highest priority
needs as determined by regular discussions between the senior managers of the
Chemicals Research Program and those of the EPA partner offices and other
stakeholders. By developing approaches to generating and using data that are fit to
particular decision contexts (some decisions require more data, others less), EPA
program offices will be better able to meet their deadlines.
The research and development products from EPA's new Chemical Safety and Sustainability
(CSS) Research Program will benefit the regulation and use of existing pesticides and industrial
chemicals and enhance green chemistry and engineering opportunities for the design, production,
and use of both new and existing chemicals. CSS' research products also will be used by EPA
programs and other decision makers to support community level decisions by providing tools
and data used by EPA's Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program for those
contaminants of highest priority and concern to the community, considering susceptibilities and
exposures of the most vulnerable populations. Better approaches to chemical testing and
assessment also will inform air toxics- and drinking water-related national, regional and local
decision making, as well as decisions on waste management, remediation, and emergency
response. Decision makers need targeted, credible, and usable information to inform their
decisions, and the CSS Research Program is focused on developing approaches that can provide
such information in a timely manner.
CSS will build upon existing EPA research in chemical management and extend efforts to
develop innovative, approaches and tools that inform more sustainable solutions to the design
and management of chemicals throughout their life cycle. The following illustrates the key
elements of the program and demonstrates our central focus on developing intelligent and
integrated evaluation strategies that support context-relevant assessments.
171
-------
CSS Linkages
Chemical/Material/Product Decision Context
NEW
Chemicals
ORD Contributions:
Approachesthat inform
greener and safer
chemical synthesis and
use, includingevaluation
of alternatives.
Intelligent
Testing,
considering
Inherency
EXISTING
Chemicals
ORD Contributions:
Improved approaches for
assessing environmental
impacts and how to
preventer manage such
impacts.
Context-Relevant
Assessment
Schematic of linkages between integrated evaluation strategies, context-relevant assessments, and decision
support.
Under the CSS Program, development of enhanced chemical screening and prioritizing testing
approaches for smarter context-relevant chemical assessment and management will not only
directly support regulation of existing pesticide and industrial chemicals, but also enhance green
chemistry opportunities for the design and use of new chemicals. This program also will support
community-level decision making specific to those contaminants of highest priority and concern
to individual localities and communities. For example, better approaches to chemical testing and
assessment also will lead to better air toxics and drinking water-related regional and local
decision making.
Importantly, these tools can be used by EPA Program and regional offices and stakeholders to
significantly increase risk information available for individual chemicals and environmentally
relevant mixtures and provide a practical context for effective risk prevention through safer
product development and management for those chemical uses that pose unacceptably high risks.
The need for green chemistry research and ensuring safer chemicals in products also has been
highlighted in recent chemicals legislation under consideration by Congress, such as the "Safe
Chemicals Act of 2010." Proposals include a revised policy to assist in renewing the
manufacturing sector of the United States by spurring innovations in green chemistry; the
development of a scientifically and technically trained green chemistry workforce in the United
States; approaches to inform and engage communities about green chemistry; and a network of
EPA-funded green chemistry and engineering centers, some funded by EPA, which would
support the development and adoption of safer alternatives to harmful chemical substances.
172
-------
Additional funding also will support E-waste/E-design research to improve the sustainability of
electronic materials. EPA research in this area analyzes the factors that drive a chemical effects
and exposures, over the chemical's life cycle; knowledge gained through this research will allow
those who design, use, and regulate chemicals to develop assessments and management methods
that reduce negative impacts from the manufacture, use, and disposal or recycling of chemicals
and products that contain them. .
In planning and implementing the new CSS Program, EPA program and regional offices have
worked with EPA's Office of Research and Development to identify and address critical science
questions in order to formulate the CSS Research Program. In addition, EPA will collaborate
with multiple federal and non-government stakeholders, particularly those interested in chemical
safety.
Performance Targets:
To be accountable to the American taxpayers, EPA will support the interagency Science and
Technology in America's Reinvestment - Measuring the Effect of Research on Innovation,
Competitiveness and Science (STAR METRICS) Program, currently in a pilot phase for the
National Institutes of Health. This program is a collaboration of multiple science agencies, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the research community. STAR METRICS will
use "science of science policy" approaches to assess the impact Federal science and technology
investments have on society, the environment, and the economy.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
The following policy changes are based on a comparison of the new FY 2012 Budget structure to
the 2010 enacted budget and are included in the transfers from the source programs following
this section:
(+$7,000.0) Additional funding will support grants to academia through the Agency's
STAR Program, complementing the intramural research effort on endocrine disrupting
chemicals (EDCs). This research will allow for an acceleration of the latest state-of-the-
art technologies and innovations to advance the assessment and management of
environmental endocrine disrupters and other emerging contaminants of concern.
(+$5,434.0 / +0.9 FTE) This reflects an increase for a new green chemistry and design
for the environment initiative and includes associated payroll of $120.0. It includes
$1,000.0 for E-waste/E-design research to improve the sustainability of electronic
materials. The proposed research would develop new scientific information and tools
that will lead to the development of safer chemicals, including nanomaterials. Funds will
be used to integrate data from multiple scientific disciplines and sources into innovative
user friendly decision tools, databases, and models for use by environmental decision-
makers. This research will spur innovations in green chemistry as well as to help develop
a scientifically and technically trained green chemistry workforce, approaches to inform
and engage communities about green chemistry, and a network of green chemistry and
173
-------
engineering centers to support the development and adoption of safer alternatives to
chemical substances.
(+$2,000.0) This reflects an increase for next-generation computational toxicology tools
to speed and facilitate implementation of the Agency's Endocrine Disrupter Screening
Program (EDSP). The application of these tools will introduce a more efficient approach
to identifying potential endocrine disrupters and apply this information across the life
cycle of a chemical. This research is critical to help the Agency meet its priority of
strengthening chemicals management and risk assessment.
(-$750.0) This reflects a reduction to the nanotechnology research that would result in a
delay of material properties and life-cycle assessment research in using new energy
applications, such as next-generation lithium-ion batteries, as case studies for developing
LCA approaches for nanomaterials. This reduction also will delay FY 2012 commitments
made to the international Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development to
support development of non-animal test methods for nanomaterials, in particular for
carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles.
(-$1,032.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$1,377.0 / -0.9 FTE) This reflects a reduction to research supporting the development of
scientific tools for biotechnology and includes a reduction of 0.9 FTE with decreased
associated payroll of -$120.0. The program will reduce research into refining the use of
remote sensing as a tool for the management of insect resistance in genetically modified
crops, also known as Plant Incorporated Pesticides (PIP) crops. The program has
completed research on decision support systems to identify insect infestations that would
indicate the development of insect resistance.
(-$1,500.0) This reflects a reduction to human health research on screening assays and
predictive toxicology approaches.
(+$8,051.0 / +9.0 FTE) This increase represents the net effect of all other payroll and
technical adjustments including Information Technology reductions, Small Business
Renovation Research realignments and administrative and programmatic support
realignments and reductions. It includes an increase of $4,815.0 for FTE changes as well
as a recalculation of base costs for existing FTE in this program. For more information
on these adjustments, refer to the programs integrating into the Chemical Safety and
Sustainability Program.
The following transfers will integrate Computational Toxicology, Endocrine Disrupting
Chemicals, and Nanotechnology research, as well as portions of Human Health, Human Health
Risk Assessment, Pesticides and Toxics, and Sustainability research, into a effort that better
174
-------
aligns with the Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will improve the
ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative, sustainable
solutions as the overall goal. This integration reflects EPA's efforts to collaborate across
traditional program boundaries to support national and regional decision-making, thereby
strengthening the Agency's ability to respond to environmental and public health issues.
(+$31,025.0 / +100.5 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Human Health and Ecosystems Research Program into the new, integrated Chemical
Safety and Sustainability Research Program, including $12,606.0 in associated payroll.
This transfer includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as Information
Technology (IT) reductions, SBIR realignments and administrative and programmatic
support realignments and reductions. For additional details on this net effect, please refer
to the Research: Human Health and Ecosystems program narrative.
(+$21,211.0 / 34.4 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Computational Toxicology Research Program into the new, integrated Chemical Safety
and Sustainability Research Program, including $4363.0 in associated payroll. This
transfer includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR
realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions.
For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Computational
Toxicology program narrative.
(+$16,888.0 / +46.1 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Endocrine Disrupters Research Program into the new, integrated Chemical Safety and
Sustainability Research Program, including $5,847.0 in associated payroll. This transfer
includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR
realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions.
For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Endocrine
Disrupters program narrative.
(+$15,043.0 / +77.1FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Pesticides and Toxics Research Program into the new, integrated Chemical Safety and
Sustainability Research Program, including $10,023.0 in associated payroll. This transfer
includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR
realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions.
For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Pesticides and
Toxics program narrative.
(+$5,440.0 / +1.9 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources associated
with nanotechnology and E-waste/E-design research from the Sustainability Research
Program into the new, integrated Chemical Safety and Sustainability Research Program,
including $126.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes the net effect of all
technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR realignments and administrative and
programmatic support realignments and reductions. For additional details on this net
effect, please refer to the Research: Sustainability program narrative.
175
-------
(+$4,215.0 / +25.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Land Preservation and Restoration Research Program into the new, integrated Chemical
Safety and Sustainability Research Program, including $3,324.0 in associated payroll.
This transfer includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions,
SBIR realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and
reductions. For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Land
Preservation and Restoration Program narrative.
(+$1,708.0 / +6.5 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Human Health Risk Assessment Research Program into the new, integrated Chemical
Safety and Sustainability Research Program, including $808.0 in associated payroll. This
transfer includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR
realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions.
For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Human Health Risk
Assessment program narrative.
(+$127.0 / +1.0 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the Clean
Air Research Program into the new, integrated Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Research Program, including $127.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes the net
effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR realignments and
administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions. For additional
details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Clean Air program narrative.
Statutory Authority:
CAA, Sec. 103, 104 & 154; CCA, 40 U.S.C 11318; CERCLA; Children's Health Act; 21st
Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act, 15 U.S.C. 750; CWA, Sec. 101 - 121;
Economy Act, 31 U.S.C 1535; ERDDAA, 42 U.S.C. 4361-4370; FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. Sec. 346;
FIFRA; FQPA; Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, 31 U.S.C. 6502; National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969, Section 102; PPA, 42 U.S.C. 13103; RCRA; SOW A, 42 U.S.C.; TSCA,
Section 10, 15, 26 U.S.C.
176
-------
Human Health Risk Assessment
Program Area: Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$42,899.0
$3,404.0
$46,303.0
182.5
FY2010
Actuals
$41,516.4
$3,169.1
$44,685.5
216.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$42,899.0
$3,404.0
$46,303.0
182.5
FY2012
Pres Budget
$42,400.0
$3,342.0
$45,742.0
195.8
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($499.0)
($62.0)
($561.0)
13.3
Program Project Description:
EPA's Research and Development program provides critical support to Agency environmental
policy decisions and regulatory actions to protect human health and the environment. EPA
research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the past 40
years. Research enabled the Agency to implement policies and regulations to minimize waste
and reduce pollution in specific industries. However, these solutions were accomplished using
approaches based on the best science available at the time. In some cases, this resulted in a more
limited focus, for example, focusing on the risks posed by a single chemical to a single target
organ or species.
Now, as science advances, EPA is working to address the increasing complexity of 21st century
environmental challenges with solutions that are effective, efficient, and sustainable - designed
to meet current needs while minimizing potential health and environmental detriment in the
future. The Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) Program will continue to provide the risk
assessments necessary to guide EPA's actions to protect public health and the environment. The
program generates health assessments that are used extensively by EPA program and regional
offices, and other parties to develop regulatory standards for environmental contaminants and to
manage cleanups. The HHRA Program will continue to evolve to meet today's complex
environmental challenges, developing multi-pollutant science assessments for health and climate
effects (as called for by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) and other
scientific reviews such as the 2004 NAS report on Air Quality Management).
Three complementary areas comprise the HHRA Program:
1) The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and other priority health assessments,
2) Risk assessment guidance, methods, model development, and
3) Integrated Science Assessments (ISA) of criteria air pollutants.
IRIS and other health hazard assessments: EPA's HHRA Program prepares peer reviewed,
qualitative and quantitative health hazard assessments on environmental pollutants of major
relevance to EPA's regulatory mandates. EPA program and regional offices use these
177
-------
assessments to support their decision-making. The Agency disseminates the assessments to
the public on the IRIS Internet database.22 EPA and the risk assessment/risk management
community consider IRIS the premier source of hazard and dose-response information for
environmental pollutants. Currently there are more than 550 health hazard assessments
available through IRIS.
Methods, Models and Approaches to Improve Risk Assessment Science: The risk
assessment/risk management community needs approaches, methods, and models to enhance
the quality and objectivity of assessments through the incorporation of contemporary
scientific advances. The HHRA Program often uses these innovations in the development of
IRIS assessments and IS As. In addition, they often support decision-making by EPA's
program and regional offices. These scientific products receive external peer review, and
then EPA disseminates them through the published literature and EPA web sites.
Integrated Science Assessments: Congress requires that EPA regularly summarize the state-
of-the-science for criteria air pollutantsozone, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrous oxides,
carbon monoxide, and leadto assist EPA's Air and Radiation Program in determining the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). These ISAs (formerly Air Quality
Criteria Documents) are major risk assessments that undergo rigorous external peer review
by the CASAC.
In FY 2008, an evaluation by EPA's Board of Scientific Counselors (BOSC)a federal advisory
committee comprised of independent expert scientists and engineersconcluded that the HHRA
Program "has been highly responsive to the needs of the program offices and regions,"
producing products that are critical to EPA's regulatory mission and form the foundation for
regulatory decisions and policies. This prospective and retrospective review evaluated the
program's relevance, quality, performance, and scientific leadership. The evaluation found that
the program is making substantial and satisfactory progress; has clearly defined milestones; and
provides additional essential support to EPA programs to respond to unscheduled emergency
needs. In July 2010, the BOSC reviewed the mid-cycle report on the progress of the HHRA
program in implementing its previous recommendations. The BOSC affirmed its previous
evaluation of the relevance of the program and noted significant progress on its previous
recommendations. EPA is using the BOSC's evaluation and recommendations to help plan,
implement, and strengthen the program over the next five years.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA requests $27.1 million to continue to develop IRIS and other health hazard
assessments. EPA will continue to implement and to ensure the program effectively meets the
needs of EPA, the federal government and the American public. The program will make
significant progress on health hazard assessments of high priority chemicals (e.g. dioxin,
methanol, cumulative phthalate assessment, benzo-a-pyrene, Libby asbestos cancer assessment,
and PCB non-cancer assessment), completing work for interagency science consultation, external
Available at: http: //www.epa. go v/iris.
178
-------
review, or posting on the IRIS web page.23 The IRIS program will expand intrinsic scientific
knowledge and expertise in refinement of IRIS assessments.
EPA will continue to develop Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs) and other
health hazard assessments to support program and regional decision-making. EPA will respond
with science assessment support on chemical contaminant issues requiring quick action and,
ultimately, quick decisions and solutions (e.g., Katrina, the World Trade Center disaster and
Deepwater Horizon oil spill). Responding to these types of issues is a key part of EPA's mission
to protect human health and the environment and corresponds with a BOSC recommendation.
EPA requests $5.5 million in FY 2012 to continue to be a leader in the development of risk
assessment approaches, methods, and models to enhance the quality and objectivity of
assessments through the incorporation of contemporary scientific advances. EPA will continue
to develop approaches for applying mode of action in risk assessment and improve quantification
of health risks, such as Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic and Biologically Based Dose
Response modeling, as well as characterizing environmental exposure and risk to susceptible
populations.
EPA will continue implementation of Health and Environmental Research Online (HERO) to
support a more continuous process to identify, compile, characterize, and prioritize new
scientific studies for human health and ecological assessment development. HERO lends
transparency to the process of assessment development by allowing access to the data used for
scientific decisions.
In addition, EPA requests $9.8 million continue to develop ISAs of criteria air pollutants, as a
mandated prerequisite to EPA's review of the NAAQS and effectively meet court ordered
deadlines to provide these assessments. The ISAs provide important scientific analyses in
support of many of EPA's important rulemakings. In FY 2012, the program will release final
ISAs for ozone and lead to contribute to EPA's Air and Radiation Program's review of the
NAAQS and creation of state-of-the-science methods for continuous evaluation of assessments
of new scientific information on criteria air pollutants. The HHRA Program also will begin
exploring multi-pollutant assessment approaches as called for by the 2008 CASAC consultation
on EPA's draft plan for review of the Primary NAAQS for Carbon Monoxide and the 2004 NAS
report on Air Quality Management.
As part of EPA's effort to integrate research efforts to deliver more innovative, sustainable
solutions to environmental problems, HHRA's next generation risk assessment research is
moving into the Chemical Safety and Sustainability Research Program. Within this integrated
program, EPA will advance risk assessment approaches by incorporating knowledge derived
from recent advances in molecular biology, systems biology and gene-environment interactions
in human disease. EPA expects this effort will result in more comprehensive, timely approaches
for assessing potential environmental impacts, and new approaches for preventing future risks
resulting from chemical exposure.
3 Available at: http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/
179
-------
This new effort is complementary to HHRA and continued investments in FY 2012 will allow
the program to make significant progress toward its long-term goals of providing state-of-the-
science for health hazard assessments.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(H83) Percentage of
planned outputs
delivered in support of
HHRA Technical
Support Documents.
FY 2010
Target
90
FY 2010
Actual
100
FY2011
CR
Target
90
FY 2012
Target
90
Units
Percent
EPA uses performance measures for this program to manage and improve the development of
risk assessments to support EPA decision-making. These outcomes support the achievement of
EPA's Strategic Plan goals. At the end of the fiscal year, the program reports on its success in
meeting planned annual outputs (detailed in the program's research plan). In addition, to be
accountable to the American taxpayers, EPA plans to support the interagency Science and
Technology in America's ReinvestmentMeasuring the Effect of Research on Innovation,
Competitiveness and Science (STAR METRICS) Program, currently in a pilot phase for the
National Institutes of Health. This program is a collaboration of multiple science agencies, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the research community. STAR METRICS will
use "science of science policy" approaches to assess the impact of federal science and
technology investments on society, the environment, and the economy.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$987.0 / +0.3 FTE) This reflects the net result of realignments of infrastructure FTE and
resources such as equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses
that are proportionately allocated across programs to better align with programmatic
priorities.
(+$384.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(+$255.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For SBIR,
EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small businesses to
develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY 2012 Budget is
enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirements is known, FY 2012 funds will
be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(-$70.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel footprint
by promoting green travel and conferencing.
180
-------
(-$104.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several agencywide Information
Technology (IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk
standardization, and others totaling $10 million agencywide. Increased mandatory costs for
telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for FTE may offset savings in individual
areas.
(-$126.0 / +14.0 FTE) This net FTE increase supports development of Integrated Science
Assessments (ISAs) and strengthens the Agency's work on addressing risk assessment
methods and includes associated payroll of $1,862.0. In addition, $1,988.0 in extramural
funds is redirected to payroll to support these risk assessment FTE.
(-$190.0 / -1.1 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources resulting
from expected efficiencies in providing operational support to researchers in the HHRA
Research Program. It also includes a reduction of programmatic FTE that reflects EPA's
workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and
Agency priorities.
(-$311.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the government-wide Administrative Efficiency
Initiative. This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and
reductions, including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA
will continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$416.0 / -1.1 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from the Administrative Efficiencies
Project (AEP), EPA's long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to delivering
administrative services. This will not have programmatic impacts. This change includes a
decrease of $146.0 in associated payroll and reflects EPA's workforce management strategy
that will help the agency better align resources, skills, and Agency priorities.
(-$418.0 / -0.9 FTE) This decrease reflects a reduction of resources in support of risk
assessment research and includes decreased associated payroll of $120.0. It will delay some
work addressing benchmark dose software updates.
(-$490.0 / +2.1 FTE) This reflects a reduction to extramural resources for science associated
with Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and the statistics workgroup
within the HHRA Program. This reduction will limit our capacity to contract out expert
external support for PBPK and statistical support, but is partially offset by an increase of 2.1
FTE and associated payroll of $279.0.
The following transfer is based on a comparison of the new FY 2012 budget structure to the
source programs and is included in the 2010 enacted budget. The changes above, including the
Administrative Efficiency Initiative reduction, incorporate changes for the portion of the
program being transferred.
(-$1,708.0 / -6.5 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources for NexGen risk
assessment approaches to the new Chemical Safety and Sustainability Program including
181
-------
$808.0 in associated payroll. The integration of efforts under this new program will provide
for more effective and efficient risk assessments and support the Agency priority for assuring
the safety of chemicals.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments, 42 U.S.C. 7403 et seq. - Sections 103, 108, 109, and 112; CERCLA
(Superfund, 1980) Section 209(a) of Public Law 99-499; FIFRA (7 U.S.C. s/s 136 et seq. (1996),
as amended), Sec. 3(c)(2)(A); FQPA PL 104-170; SDWA (1996) 42 U.S.C. Section 300J-18;
TSCA (Public Law 94-469): 15 U.S.C. s/s 2601 et seq. (1976), Sec. 4(b)(l)(B), Sec. 4(b)(2)(B).
182
-------
Program Area: Research: Sustainable Communities
183
-------
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Program Area: Research: Sustainable Communities
Goal: Cleaning Up Our Communities
Objective(s): Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Hazardous Substance SuperrUnd
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$188,095.0
$345.0
$639.0
$21,264.0
$210,343.0
647.0
FY2010
Actuals
$183,002. 7
$422.5
$549.7
$22,525.3
$206,500.2
625.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$186,095.0
$345.0
$639.0
$21,264.0
$208,343.0
647.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$171,026.0
$454.0
$614.0
$17,706.0
$189,800.0
621.7
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($17,069.0)
$109.0
($25.0)
($3,558.0)
($20,543.0)
-25.3
Program Project Description:
As the support to Agency environmental policy decisions and regulatory actions to protect
human health and the environment, EPA's research has provided effective solutions to high-
priority environmental problems for the past 40 years. Research has enabled the Agency to
implement policies and regulations to minimize waste and reduce pollution in specific industries
and at national, regional and local scales. While these solutions were effective in moving the
Agency toward its goal of protecting human health and environment, they were accomplished
using the best available science at the time and were occasionally more limited in scope, for
example, focusing on the risks posed by a single chemical to a single target organ or species.
Now, as science has advanced, EPA is working to address the increasing complexity of 21st
century environmental challenges with solutions that are effective, efficient, and sustainable -
solutions that are designed to meet current needs while minimizing potential health and
environmental risks in the future. To address this challenge, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its
planning and delivery of science by implementing an integrated research approach that looks at
problems from a systems perspective. This approach will create synergy and provide more
timely and efficient benefits beyond those possible from approaches that are more narrowly
targeted to single chemicals or problem areas.
Consistent with the Administration's science and technology priorities for FY 2012,24 the new
integrated research approach will help develop sustainable solutions by adding a transformative
component to EPA's existing research portfolio. This research will leverage the diverse
capabilities of in-house scientists and engineers and bridge traditional scientific disciplines. In
addition, research plans will incorporate input from external stakeholders such as federal, state
24 For more information, see the Executive Office of the President memorandum:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/fyl2-budget-guidance-memo.pdf
184
-------
and local government agencies, non-governmental organizations, industry, and communities
affected by environmental problems.
EPA will use the integrated research framework to develop a deeper understanding of our
environmental challenges and inform sustainable solutions to meet our strategic goals. In FY
2012, EPA is realigning and integrating the following individual Research Programs into a new
integrated, Sustainable and Healthy Communities (SHC) Research Program:
Human Health research
Ecosystems Services research
- Land Protection and Preservation research
- Pesticides and Toxics research
Sustainability research
Fellowships
Proportion of
Former Programs
Transferring
NEW
FY2012 Program
The hallmark of this new SHC Research Program is a central focus on the integration, translation
and coordinated communication of research on the many issues that impact the Sustainability and
health of communities.25 Integrated research on these issues under the new SHC program will
focus on addressing the specific health and environmental needs of local communities. The
25 In the graphic above, the proportions of the former research programs transferring to the new Sustainable and Healthy
Communities program reflect funds from all appropriations.
185
-------
program will conduct research to address issues such as environmental justice concerns, waste
reduction and site clean-up, and green development.
The SHCRP will focus primarily on environmental sustainability at the community scale. The
SHC program aims to conduct research and development that will help communities assess their
current health and environmental condition and identify strategies that increase ecosystem
services while decreasing community health risks. Healthy communities will translate to healthy
economies.
The following are descriptions of current SHC activities categorized under key program areas:
Human Health Research (FY 2012 request $45.4 million)Human health research provides tools
and models to evaluate and manage health risks from exposures to environmental chemicals.
Human Health research can promote environmental justice by focusing on groups such as
children and the elderly that may be more susceptible and perhaps disproportionately impacted;
research models are developed in concert with stakeholders and applied in community-based
participatory research projects to characterize communities at disproportionate risk. For example,
the C-FERST (Community-Focused Exposure and Risk Screening Tool), will be pilot tested in
EPA's CARE (Community Action for a Renewed Environment) program to identify key
community exposures and evaluate risk mitigation strategies, and STAR grants will explore
innovative methods for assessing potential interactions between pollution exposures and social
stressors.
Ecosystems Services Research (FY 2012 request $60.9 million)Ecosystems Services research
is focused on better understanding the implications of impacts on ecosystems and the services
they provide. Research includes analyzing the effects of different environmental management
scenarios in particular communities or regions over the intermediate to long term on the
maintenance of critical ecosystem services that are expensive or impossible to replace: assessing
regional scale vulnerability to ecosystem stressors. Research examines and quantifies the
impacts of human behavior on an ecosystem's ability to produce natural benefits and services.
This science generates scientific information tools for assessing risk management, informing
impactful policy decisions, and creating long-term environmental solutions.
SHC research will also examine Oil Spill and Superfund topic areas that are explained in further
detail in the Oil Spill and Superfund SHC programs.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA will conduct pilot projects that explore and address problems in an integrated
manner by focusing specifically on an urban community, on multiple communities in the Gulf of
Mexico region, a rural community, and on certain high-priority problems facing communities
across the nation. The first phase of research in the SHC Research Program will be to identify
the most significant problems that diminish community sustainability in terms of human and
environmental health in a particular urban community. Examples include the ability to
simultaneously meet air and water quality goals and standards, reduce and/or safely dispose of
wastes and clean up contaminated sites, preserve or mitigate wetlands, reduce the burden of
pollutant exposure to children and the elderly on health care delivery, and avoid solutions that
186
-------
place a disproportionate burden on households with low socioeconomic status. The program will
conduct extensive transdisciplinary, multi-stressor, multi-endpoint evaluations of the issues that
communities are facing, relying heavily on state-of-the-art decision analysis with local officials
and stakeholders. After gathering data, analyzing trends, and synthesizing findings, the SHC
Research Program will develop an "optimal" portfolio of processes and initiatives that can be
drawn from to maximize the sustainability and resilience of a community, including human,
natural, and economic capital, which could be readily used by other communities across the
nation.
Following are two representative examples focusing on human health protection. First, the C-
FERST is being developed and applied with input from prospective users including regional
decision-makers, CARE community projects, city planners, tribal groups, and NGOs. This user-
friendly, web-based tool will enable users to access an array of exposure information from
multiple databases. This one-stop tool will assist EPA and other users in characterizing
communities as areas of disproportionate exposure, which could assist in identifying risk
reduction and remediation strategies. Second, EPA will establish Research Centers of Excellence
in Environmental Health Disparities. These Centers will conduct research that brings
environmental, social and economic sciences together to focus on the best ways protect human
health in sustainable communities without disproportionately impacting any subgroups or
populations. This research will address goals articulated by EPA's Office of Environmental
Justice Plan EJ 2014 and support decisions that incorporate equity into sustainable community
development.
In a third component, the SHC Research Program will identify specific barriers to community
sustainability in its core research areas (e.g. land, wastes, ecosystem services) that face a large
number of communities across the nation. The program will then conduct R&D to identify
effective strategies to reduce the barriers. Examples include substituting ecosystem services
resulting from land restoration for expensive gray infrastructure upgrades; technology to reduce
or recycle materials to avoid wastes; and smart growth tools that reduce air and water pollution
while improving community health. The SHC Research Program also will address knowledge,
methods and decision support gaps that communities face, by developing tools that can be used
by local decision makers to address problems of human and environmental health. Following are
key research questions to be addressed by the program based on ongoing input from EPA's
partners. These research questions, as well as the SHC research plan, will be independently
reviewed by EPA's Science Advisory Board and Board of Scientific Counselors:
What computational and measurement tools (e.g., ecological footprint, return on
investment, probabilistic analysis) are needed to support the application of
sustainability indicators to community decision making?
What types of systems analysis methods (e.g., material flow analysis, life cycle
assessment, system dynamics modeling) can be effectively applied or modified to help
communities develop plans to address their long term human health and environmental
challenges?
How can decision support systems best be designed so that they provide clearly
understandable results to decision-makers and stakeholders and are usable by
communities on a real-time, iterative basis?
187
-------
Finally, EPA will be developing indicators and performance measures, so that communities will
have measurement tools to characterize their current level of sustainability; develop meaningful
goals and quantifiable objectives for the future, understand the consequences of alternative
investment strategies, track their progress, and confirm that their investments in solutions to
improve their sustainability are yielding the intended results. Key research questions include:
What data are available at the national scale that could be useful to communities, and
how can the numerous state and local datasets be collected and organized to facilitate
sustainability analysis when a region spans multiple jurisdictional boundaries?
What indicators are most appropriate for assessing the overall environmental
sustainability of a community?
What indicators are of most utility in diagnosing the causes of sustainability problems
and identifying potential solutions?
What indicators are most useful for setting environmental goals and communicating
these goals to community stakeholders?
What are the most useful indicators for tracking the performance of projects intended to
increase environmental sustainability of communities?
In FY 2012, the Agency is increasing funding in areas critical to support the Administration's
science priorities. EPA is strengthening the future scientific workforce by increasing funding for
fellowships to students in pursuit of careers and advanced degrees in environmental science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics. In FY 2012, EPA will provide $14 million for STAR
Fellowships, including support for an estimated 243 continuing fellows and 105 new STAR
fellows.
The FY 2012 budget also will support a study of the Agency's laboratory network focusing on
current capability to address important strategic issues central to EPA's mission over the next 10
years. This investment responds to Congressional legislation and President Obama's direction,
in Executive Order 13514, that all federal agencies implement an integrated strategy toward
sustainability.
Performance Targets:
To be accountable to the American taxpayers, EPA plans to support the interagency Science and
Technology in America's Reinvestment - Measuring the Effect of Research on Innovation,
Competitiveness and Science (STAR METRICS) Program, currently in a pilot phase for the
National Institutes of Health. This program is a collaboration of multiple science agencies, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the research community. STAR METRICS will
use "science of science policy" approaches to assess the impact of federal science and
technology investments on society, the environment, and the economy.
188
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
The following policy changes are based on a comparison of the new FY 2012 budget structure to
the 2010 enacted budget and are included in the transfers from the source programs following
this section:
(+$6,000.0) This request reflects increased funding for training the next generation of
environmental scientists and engineers under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
Fellowship Program. The increase supports the Administration's science and technology
priority for investing in a diverse science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
workforce.
(+$2,000.0) This reflects an increase to support the plan for a long-term review of EPA's
laboratory network. This cross-Agency integrated management approach reflects EPA
labs, centers and program offices' aim to collaborate across traditional program
boundaries to support national and regional decision-making. This investment will
strengthen the Agency's ability to respond to environmental and public health issues.
(-$150.0) This reflects a reduction to human health research integrating health indicators
with socio-economic indicators for the Environmental Quality Index (EQI). This
reduction will slow the effort to provide comparison metrics for prioritization of research.
(-$667.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$1,685.0) This reflects a reduction to ecosystems research for mapping and modeling
current ecosystem services and future ecosystem services predicted under multiple
scenarios. The reduction will reduce and delay a number of research projects including
EMAP condition monitoring, site-specific demonstration projects in the southwest, a site-
specific demonstration project and use of remote sensing technology in the Albermarle-
Pamlico Watershed, and the Regional Vulnerability Assessment toolkit.
(-$2,000.0) This reduction is the result of a one-time supplemental appropriation
included in FY 2010 for oil spills research. This increase is not included in the FY 2012
Budget request.
(-$3,000.0) This reduction is the result of an increase included in the Congressionally-
directed FY 2010 Appropriation providing an additional $3,000.0 for children's
environmental health research in FY 2010. This increase is not included in the FY 2012
Budget request.
(-$3,500.0) This reduction reflects decreased funding for the Advanced Monitoring
Initiative. Research with the Interagency Group on Earth Observations will focus only on
189
-------
those areas that are core EPA priorities; the remaining collaborative research with NASA
will be integrated into the new Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program.
(-$14,067.0 / -21.4 FTE) This decrease represents the net effect of all other payroll and
technical adjustments including Information Technology reductions, Small Business
Renovation Research (SBIR) realignments and administrative and programmatic support
realignments and reductions. It includes a decrease of $6,868.0 for FTE changes as well
as a recalculation of base costs for existing FTE in this program. For more information
on these adjustments, refer to the programs integrating into the Sustainable and Healthy
Communities Program.
The following transfers26 will integrate the Human Health Research, Ecosystems Services
Research, Land Protection and Preservation Research, Pesticides and Toxics Research,
Sustainability Research Programs and Fellowships into the transdisciplinary Sustainable and
Healthy Communities Research Program that better aligns with the Administration and Agency
priorities. This effort is expected to improve the ability to deliver science more effectively and
efficiently, with catalyzing innovative sustainable solutions as the overall goal. This integration
reflects EPA's efforts to collaborate across traditional program boundaries to support national
and regional decision-making, thereby strengthening the Agency's ability to respond to
environmental and public health issues.
(+$113,217.0 / +367.9 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Human Health and Ecosystems Research Program into the new, integrated Sustainable
and Healthy Communities Program, including $49,335.0 in associated payroll. This
transfer includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as Information
Technology (IT) reductions, SBIR realignments and administrative and programmatic
support realignments and reductions. For additional details on this net effect, please refer
to the Research: Land Protection and Restoration program narrative.
(+$9,386.0 / +32.1FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Land Protection and Restoration Research Program into the new, integrated Sustainable
and Healthy Communities Program, including $4,216.0 in associated payroll. This
transfer includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR
realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions.
For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Land Protection and
Restoration Program narrative.
(+$18,548.0 / +65.1 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Sustainability Research Program into the new, integrated Sustainable and Healthy
Communities Program, including $9,130.0 in associated payroll. This transfer includes
the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR realignments and
administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions. For additional
26 The FY 2012 total for the Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities includes an additional $502 thousand in EPA Green
Conferencing resources that are not included in EPA's Research Program.
190
-------
details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Land Protection and Restoration
program narrative.
(+$17,261.0 / +6.4 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Fellowships Research Program into the new, integrated Sustainable and Healthy
Communities Program, including a transfer of $664.0 in associated payroll. This transfer
includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR
realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions.
For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Land Protection and
Restoration Program narrative.
(+$12,116.0 / +58.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources from the
Pesticides and Toxics Research Program into the new, integrated Sustainable and Healthy
Communities Program, including a transfer of $7,666.0 in associated payroll. This
transfer includes the net effect of all technical adjustments such as IT reductions, SBIR
realignments and administrative and programmatic support realignments and reductions.
For additional details on this net effect, please refer to the Research: Land Protection and
Restoration Program narrative.
Statutory Authority:
CAA, Sections 103 and 104. 42 U.S.C. 7403, 42 U.S.C. 7404, 103; 104; CWA, Sections 101,
104 & 404, 33 U.S.C. 1254; CCA, 40 U.S.C. 11318; CZMA, 16 U.S.C. 1451 - Section 302;
Executive Order 12866; ERDDAA; ESA, 16 U.S.C. 1531 - Section 2; FIFRA Sections 18 and
20; TSCA, Section 10. 15 U.S.C. 2609; WRRA.
191
-------
Program Area: Water: Human Health Protection
192
-------
Drinking Water Programs
Program Area: Water: Human Health Protection
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect Human Health
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program & Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$102,224.0
$3,637.0
$105,861.0
589.4
FY2010
Actuals
$99,394.2
$3,889.3
$103,283.5
598.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$102,224.0
$3,637.0
$105,861.0
589.4
FY2012
Pres Budget
$104,616.0
$3,787.0
$108,403.0
585.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$2,392.0
$150.0
$2,542.0
-4.1
Program Project Description:
This program provides technical support to drinking water programs through the Technical
Support Center (TSC), which evaluates engineering and scientific data (including treatment
technology information) to establish its applicability to the drinking water program's needs. The
Center also:
Develops and implements regulations to support national occurrence surveys and assists
in the assessment of the contaminant occurrence data resulting from those surveys;
Develops and evaluates monitoring approaches and analytical methods, including
assessing data provided by others to demonstrate the effectiveness of new/alternate
analytical methods;
Trains regional and state certification officers and develops guidelines for the drinking
water laboratory certification program;
Works with EPA regional offices and states to help drinking water utilities better
understand their treatment and distribution systems and implement improvements to
optimize performance; and
Provides other technical support to develop and implement National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWRs). The Center also provides external technical assistance in
support of EPA regional and state drinking water programs.27
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the Drinking Water Technical Support Program will:
27 For additional program information see
http://www.epa.gov/safewater
https://www.cfda.gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=63cecb6866ee587d2bfafc7b77c3563c&cck=l&au=&ck
193
-------
Provide technical and scientific support for the development and implementation of
drinking water regulations. This includes the development of methods for updating rules
and implementing the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR), and
responding to technical implementation questions regarding the entire range of
NPDWRs;
Implement EPA's Drinking Water Laboratory Certification Program. This program sets
standards and establishes methods for EPA, state, and privately-owned laboratories that
analyze drinking water samples. Through this program, EPA will conduct three regional
program reviews during FY 2012. TSC visits each regional office on a triennial basis and
evaluates their oversight of the state laboratories and the state laboratory certification
programs within their purview;
Support small drinking water systems' efforts to optimize their treatment technology
under the drinking water treatment Area Wide Optimization Program (AWOP). AWOP
is a highly successful technical assistance and training program that enhances the ability
of small systems to meet existing and future microbial, disinfectant, and disinfection
byproducts standards. By FY 2012, EPA will have worked with four regional offices and
24 states to facilitate the transfer of specific skills using the performance-based training
approach targeted toward optimizing key groundwater system and distribution system
integrity. The performance-based training brings together a group of public water supply
operators from different localities for a series of sessions where they learn key
operational and problem solving skills. Each skill is needed to enable operators to
address the factors limiting optimized performance of their plant;
Complete the review and validation of the data from the second round of contaminant
monitoring conducted under UCMR2. The monitoring period for UCMR2 was January
2008 to December 2010. The last of the monitoring results should be reported by public
water systems by the middle of calendar year 2011. The monitoring results, used in
conjunction with health effects information and other occurrence data, will contribute
significantly to the regulatory determination process;
Publish the regulation that will support the third round of unregulated contaminant
monitoring (UCMR3) and coordinate with states and regional offices to carry out the
agency's pre-monitoring implementation responsibilities. Key activities for EPA include
management of all aspects of small-system monitoring, approval and oversight of
supporting laboratories, troubleshooting and technical assistance, and review and
validation of data. EPA is required by Section 1452(o) of the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SOWA), as amended, to annually set aside $2 million of State Revolving Funds to pay
the costs of small system monitoring and sample analysis for contaminants for each cycle
of the UCMR. UCMR3 monitoring is scheduled to begin in January 2013; and
Provide analytical method development/validation to enable implementation of the
nation's drinking water compliance monitoring and occurrence data gathering.
194
-------
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(aa) Percent of
population served by
CWSs that will receive
drinking water that
meets all applicable
health-based drinking
water standards
through approaches
including effective
treatment & source
water protection.
FY 2010
Target
90
FY 2010
Actual
92
FY2011
CR
Target
91
FY 2012
Target
91
Units
Pprppnt
A wlv/wllL
Population
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(apm) Percent of
community water
systems that meet all
applicable health-based
standards through
approaches that include
effective treatment and
source water
protection.
FY 2010
Target
90
FY 2010
Actual
89.6
FY2011
CR
Target
90
FY 2012
Target
90
Units
Percent
Systems
Work under this program supports EPA's protect Human Health Objective. Currently, there are
no performance measures for this specific program project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$163.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$13.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
195
-------
SOW A, 42 U.S.C. §300f-300j-9 as added by Public Law 93-523 and the amendments made by
sub sequentenactments.
196
-------
Program Area: Clean Air
197
-------
Research: Clean Air
Program Area: Research: Clean Air
Goal: Clean Air and Global Climate Change
Objective(s): Radiation; Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$81,917.0
$81,917.0
269.5
FY2010
Actuals
$74,920.0
$74,920.0
265.5
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$81,917.0
$81,917.0
269.5
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($81,917.0)
($81,917.0)
-269.5
Program Project Description:
EPA's Office of Research and Development provides the scientific foundation for the Agency's
actions to protect the air Americans breathe and supports the Administrator's priority for
improving air quality. The program provides the underlying research to support the Agency's
implementation of the Clean Air Act, which mandates promulgation and enforcement of the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)28 as well as the evaluation of risks
associated with Hazardous Air Pollutants.29 In addition, the program has integrated research
activities around a multi-pollutant approach to address ozone and other criteria pollutants as well
as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). In moving toward the multi-pollutant theme, the program
increasingly focuses on how to address specific source sectors contributing to air pollution, a
systems approach that will result in more effective and efficient air quality management
strategies.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. However, these solutions were accomplished using approaches based on the best
science available at the time and typically focused on the risks posed by a single chemical to a
single target organ or species. Now, as science advances, EPA is working to address the
increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges. Protecting human health and
the environment from the effects of air pollution and developing a better understanding of
climate change impacts on natural systems, while meeting the demands of a growing population
and economy, is critical to the well-being of the nation. As we investigate solutions to reduce
and prevent emissions and investigate potential environmental implications of a changing
climate, we are challenged by uncertainties surrounding the complex interplay between air
quality, the changing climate, and a changing energy landscape, and the subsequent human
health and environmental risks from exposure to an evolving array of air pollutants.
28 The NAAQS set limits for criteria pollutants regulating levels of tropospheric ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and lead. For more information, see http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html.
29 For more information, see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/188polls.html
198
-------
In FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach that looks at problems from a systems perspective. This approach
will create synergy and should produce more timely, efficient results that those possible from
approaches that are more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or problem areas.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating most of the Clean Air Research Program
into the new Air, Climate and Energy Research Program. EPA is integrating the remainder of
the Clean Air Program, nanotechnology, into the Chemical Safety and Sustainability Research
Program. This integration capitalizes on existing capabilities, and promotes the innovative use
of a multiple disciplines to further EPA's mission. Research to address targeted, existing
problems and provide technical support will continue, with a focus on sustainable applications
and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$3,000.0) This reflects an increase to help the Agency develop efficient, high-performing,
and cost-effective monitors for ambient air pollutants, including both the NAAQS and HAPs.
In particular, it will provide field validation of available, untested and undeployed monitoring
methods, refinement of outdated techniques and methods, and innovative new technologies.
With this investment, the Agency will seek lowest-cost, automated monitoring technologies
to minimize future monitoring burdens felt by state and local agencies. This investment in a
next generation air monitoring network supports the Agency's priority of improving air
quality across the nation by helping modernize methods and monitors.
(+$1,756.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(+$531.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For SBIR,
EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small businesses to
develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY 2012 budget is
enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY 2012 funds will be
transferred to the SBIR Program.
(-$124.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and programmatic
areas to achieve these savings.
(-$133.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$136.0 / +0.3 FTE) This reflects the net result of realignments of infrastructure FTE and
resources such as equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses
that are proportionately allocated across programs to better align with programmatic
199
-------
priorities. This includes an increase of 0.3 FTE and associated payroll of $40.0 and reflects
EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills
and Agency priorities.
(-$150.0) This reflects a decrease to the Clean Air Program and will reduce source receptor
and dose-effect research that investigates human exposure to air pollutants and the resulting
health effects. This decrease could reduce the level of detail in risk estimates needed to
support NAAQS regulations. This decrease will also delay reporting for the Detroit
Exposure and Aerosol Research Study.
(-$224.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide Information
Technology (IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk
standardization, and others totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in individual areas
may be offset by increased mandatory costs for telephone and local area network (LAN)
support for FTE.
(-$459.0 / -1.5 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from the Administrative Efficiencies
Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to delivering
administrative services. The reduced resources include 1.5 FTE and associated payroll of
$200.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better
align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$536.0 / -1.5 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources resulting
from expected efficiencies in providing operational support to researchers. It also includes a
reduction of 1.5 FTE and associated payroll of $200.0 that reflects EPA's workforce
management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency
priorities.
(-$549.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
(-$762.0) This reduction to the Clean Air Research Program will reduce research activities
that support the development and application of models and technologies used to understand
the relationships between air pollution, ambient concentration and exposures, and assist in
the development of state implementation strategies. This decrease will result in a delay to
possible model improvements that could aid state and regional air quality implementation
plans.
(-$818.0 / -4.0 FTE) This reflects a shift from the Clean Air Research Program to the Global
Change Research Program for research on air quality-climate interactions to effectively
couple regional air quality and global climate models. The reduced resources include 4.0
FTE and associated payroll of $532.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that
will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$127.0 / -1.0 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollars and FTE resources for nanotechnology
research to the new Chemical Safety and Sustainability Research Program. The reduced
resources include 1.0 FTE and associated payroll of $127.0 and reflect EPA's workforce
200
-------
management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency
priorities.
(-$83,186.0 / -261.8 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Air, Climate, and Energy Research Program and includes $35,373.0 in associated payroll.
This transfer will integrate the Clean Air Research Program into the transdisciplinary Air,
Climate and Energy (ACE) Research Program that better aligns with the Administration and
Agency priorities. This effort will improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more
effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative sustainable solutions as the overall
goal.
Statutory Authority:
CAA 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. Title 1, Part A - Sec. 103 (a) and (d) and Sec. 104 (c); CAA 42
U.S.C 7402(b) Section 102; CAA 42 U.S.C 7403(b)(2) Section 103(b)(2); Clinger Cohen Act, 40
U.S.C 11318; Economy Act, 31 U.S.C 1535; ERDDA, 33 U.S.C. 1251 - Section 2(a);
Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, 31 U.S.C. 6502; NEPA, Section 102; PPA.
201
-------
Research: Global Change
Program Area: Research: Clean Air
Goal: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$20,826.0
$20,826.0
35.5
FY2010
Actuals
$19,646.9
$19,646.9
36.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$20,826.0
$20,826.0
35.5
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($20,826.0)
($20,826.0)
-35.5
Program Project Description:
EPA's Office of Research and Development is focused on understanding and assessing the
effects of global changeparticularly climate variability and changeon air quality, water
quality, aquatic ecosystems, human health and social well being in the United States and
supports the Administrator's priorities for taking action on climate change, improving air quality
and protecting America's waters. The Agency strives to produce timely and useful information,
decision support tools and adaptation strategies that will enable resource managers,
policymakers, and other stakeholders to account for global change when making decisions. EPA
also is developing decision support tools to help decision makers evaluate alternative strategies
for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to better quantify the environmental implications (and
potential co-benefits) associated with deployment of these strategies.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. However, these solutions were accomplished using approaches based on the best
science available at the time and typically focused on the risks posed by a single chemical to a
single target organ or species. Now, as science advances, EPA is working to address the
increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges. Protecting human health and
the environment from the effects of air pollution and developing a better understanding of
climate change impacts on natural systems, while meeting the demands of a growing population
and economy, is critical to the well-being of the nation. As we investigate solutions to reduce
and prevent emissions and investigate potential environmental implications of a changing
climate, we are challenged by uncertainties surrounding the complex interplay between air
quality, the changing climate, and a changing energy landscape, and the subsequent human
health and environmental risks from exposure to an evolving array of air pollutants.
In FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach that looks at problems from a systems perspective. This approach
202
-------
will create synergy and should produce more timely, efficient results than those possible from
approaches that are more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or problem areas.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Global Change Research Program into
the new Air, Climate and Energy Research Program. This integration capitalizes on existing
capabilities, and promotes the innovative use of a multiple disciplines to further EPA's mission.
Research to address targeted, existing problems and provide technical support will continue, with
a focus on sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$432.0) This decrease is the net effect of increases for payroll and cost of living for
existing FTE, combined with a reduction based on the recalculation of base workforce costs.
(+$818.0 / +4.0 FTE) This reflects a shift to the Global Change Research Program from the
Clean Air Research Program to better align resources, skills, and Agency priorities. The
resources include 4.0 FTE and associated payroll of $532.0 and reflect EPA's workforce
management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency
priorities.
(+$232.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For that
program, EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small businesses
to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY 2012 budget is
enacted, when the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY 2012 funds will
be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(+$131.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
(+$104.0 / +2.0 FTE) This reflects the net result of realignment of infrastructure FTE and
resources such as equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses
that are proportionately allocated across programs to better align with programmatic
priorities. This includes an increase of 2.0 FTE with associated payroll of $266.0.
(-$11.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and programmatic
areas to achieve these savings.
(-$26.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel footprint
by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$30.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide Information
Technology (IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk
standardization, and others totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in individual areas
203
-------
may be offset by increased mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN)
support for FTE.
(-$92.0 / -0.2 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from the Administrative Efficiencies
Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to delivering
administrative services. The reduced resources include 0.2 FTE and associated payroll of
$27.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better
align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$85.0 / -0.1 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources resulting
from expected efficiencies in providing operational support to researchers. It also includes a
reduction of 0.1 FTE and associated payroll of $13.0 that reflects EPA's workforce
management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency
priorities.
(-$625.0) This reflects a reduction to research investigating the impacts of climate change on
estuarine ecosystems.
(-$20,810.0 / -41.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new Air,
Climate, and Energy Research Program, including $5,521.0 in associated payroll. This
transfer will integrate the Global Change Research Program into the transdisciplinary Air,
Climate and Energy (ACE) Research Program that better aligns with the Administration and
Agency priorities. This effort will improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more
effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative, sustainable solutions as the overall
goal.
Statutory Authority:
Clinger Cohen Act, 40 U.S.C 11318; Economy Act, 31 U.S.C 1535; ERDDA, 33 U.S.C. 1251 -
Section 2(a); Intergovernmental Cooperation Act, 31 U.S.C. 6502; NCPA; NEPA, Section 102;
PPA; USGCRA 15 U.S.C. 2921.
204
-------
Program Area: Clean Water
205
-------
Research: Drinking Water
Program Area: Research: Clean Water
Goal: Clean and Safe Water
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$49,155.0
$49,155.0
190.2
FY2010
Actuals
$50,346.0
$50,346.0
182.9
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$49,155.0
$49,155.0
190.2
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($49,155.0)
($49,155.0)
-190.2
Program Project Description:
EPA's Drinking Water Research Program conducts comprehensive integrated research in support
of EPA's Office of Water and regional offices. The program provides methodologies, data,
tools, models, and technologies in support of regulatory decisions, health risk assessments and
other needs pertaining to the Safe Drinking Water Act's (SDWA) statutory requirements.
Research also is targeted at the implementation of regulatory decisions, addressing compliance
issues associated with groups of contaminants, promoting the sustainability of water resources,
and the reliable delivery of safe drinking water, as well as developing approaches to improve
water infrastructure.
Research in the Drinking Water Research Program is coordinated with the Agency's regulatory
activities and timelines. Key research areas include:
Supporting EPA's Drinking Water StrategySO through technology research and
evaluation of alternative approaches to control multiple contaminants effectively and
affordably;
Addressing information gaps associated with chemicals and microorganisms that are on
the third Contaminant Candidate List and supporting the unregulated contaminant
monitoring rule;
Addressing science issues associated with revisions to the Total Coliform Rule and
related research on distribution systems and sustainable water infrastructure;
Providing support to those implementing recent regulatory decisions including the
Ground Water Rule, the Stage 2 Disinfection Byproduct Rule, and the Long-Term
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule;
Supporting simultaneous compliance challenges, particularly co-compliance with the
Lead and Copper Rule, Microbial and Disinfectant Byproduct rules; and
Supporting regulatory needs associated with the Underground Injection Control
regulations pertaining to geologic sequestration of carbon and aquifer storage and
30http://www.epa.gov/ogwdwOOO/sdwa/dwstrategydocs/Drinking_Water_Strategyfs.pdf
206
-------
recovery as well as research on water resource implications associated with hydraulic
fracturing for gas extraction.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. As science advances, EPA is working towards and approach that allows the
Agency to address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges.
Increasing demands for sources of clean water-combined with land use practices, growth, aging
infrastructure, and climate variability can threaten our nation's water resources. Competing
challenges require research to inform improved management practices that consider long-term
sustainability for human and aquatic ecosystem health.
In FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach. This approach will look at problems from a systems perspective to
develop a deeper understanding of our environmental challenges and inform sustainable
solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Drinking Water Research Program into
the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research Program. This new program is directly
aligned with EPA's new Strategic Plan structure, capitalizes on existing capabilities, and
promotes the use of a perspective to further EPA's mission. Research to address targeted,
existing problems and provide technical support will continue, with an emphasized focus on
sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$4,226.0 / +5.0 FTE) This reflects an increase for research on hydraulic fracturing
which includes $665.0 in associated payroll for 5.0 FTE. Research will provide policy
relevant methods, models, monitoring tools, and data on potential risks associated with
extracting gas from subsurface formations using vertical and horizontal fracturing
technologies. Research will inform key areas lacking information to provide an adequate
assessment of the potential public health and environmental risks posed by hydraulic
fracturing. In particular, EPA's Science Advisory Board recommends that EPA
undertake five to ten case studies in order to provide an understanding of how the risks
may vary in the key geologic and geographic situations where hydraulic fracturing is or
may be used. Evaluation of the chemicals conducted under this investment will provide a
sound foundation upon which to base the choice of safer hydraulic fracturing chemicals.
Congress has urged EPA to conduct this research, which supports the Agency's priority
to protect the quality of the nation's waters by ensuring the protection of our aquifers.
(+$1,180.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$36.0 / +2.9 FTE) This reflects the net result of realignments of infrastructure FTE and
resources such as equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general
207
-------
expenses that are proportionately allocated across programs to better align with
programmatic priorities. This change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that
will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(+$216.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred in FY 2010 to the
Research: Sustainability Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR).
For SBIR, EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small
businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY
2012 Budget is enacted, when the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known,
FY 2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(+$65.0) This realignment of resources from the Land Protection and Remediation
Program reflects the natural evolution in research direction from groundwater
remediation issues to groundwater protection issues related to carbon sequestration.
(-$28.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs for rent, utilities, security
and other expenditures.
(-$91.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$150.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide Information
Technology (IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement,
helpdesk standardization, and others totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in
individual areas may be offset by increased mandatory costs for telephone and Local
Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
(-$352.0 / -1.0 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources
resulting from expected efficiencies in providing operational support to researchers in the
Drinking Water Research Program. It also includes a reduction of programmatic FTE
that reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better align
resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$356.0 / -0.9 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from EPA's Administrative
Efficiencies Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to
delivering administrative services. The reduced resources include 0.9 FTE and associated
payroll of $120.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the
Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$550.0) This reflects a reduction to the development of best management practices and
informing decisions associated with control of pathogens in drinking water systems. This
decrease will limit the extent to which the Agency can respond to the priorities defined
by EPA's Distribution System Research and Information Collection Partnership (RICP).
(-$732.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
208
-------
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$52,547.0 / -196.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Program and includes a transfer of $25,050.0 in
associated payroll. This transfer will integrate the Drinking Water Research Program
into the transdisciplinary Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) Program that
better aligns with the Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will
improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with
catalyzing innovative, sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
SDWA Part E, Sec. 1442 (a)(l); CWA Title I, Sec. 101(a)(6) 33 U.S.C. 1254 - Sec 104 (a) and
(c) and Sec. 105; ERDDA 33 U.S.C. 1251 - Section 2(a); MPRSA Sec. 203, 33 U.S.C.
209
-------
Research: Water Quality
Program Area: Research: Clean Water
Goal: Clean and Safe Water
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$61,918.0
$61,918.0
236.8
FY2010
Actuals
$58,586.9
$58,586.9
224.6
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$61,918.0
$61,918.0
236.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($61,918.0)
($61,918.0)
-236.8
Program Project Description:
The Water Quality Research Program is designed to support the Clean Water Act (CWA),
providing scientific information and tools to the Agency and others to help protect and restore
the designated uses of water bodies that sustain human health and aquatic life. The program
conducts research on the development and application of water quality criteria, the
implementation of effective watershed management approaches, and the application of
technological options to restore and protect water bodies using information on effective
treatment and management alternatives.
The Water Quality Research Program is responsive to the needs of EPA's Water program and
regional offices, which are the program's primary partners in developing research priorities, and
also supports the Administrator's priority of protecting America's waters. The Water Quality
Research Program will support priorities set in consultation with EPA's Water program and
regional offices, taking into account such factors as pollutant/stressor type, water body types, and
source of pollutants (e.g.,agricultural versus urban). In particular, urban watershed management
is a top Agency priority. Continued efforts on green infrastructure research will facilitate the
nation's transition to more sustainable water infrastructure systems and watershed management
practices. This and other Water Quality research is categorized within three broad areas: Water
Quality Integrity Research; Watershed Management Research; and Source Control and
Management Research.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. As science advances, EPA is working towards and approach that allows the
Agency to address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges.
Increasing demands on sources of clean water, land use practices, growth, aging infrastructure,
and climate variability pose threatens to our nation's water resources. Research is needed to
inform improved management our nation's waters in an integrated, sustainable manner that will
promote economic prosperity and human and aquatic ecosystem health.
210
-------
To address this challenge, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science
by implementing an integrated transdisciplinary research approach. This approach will look at
problems from a systems perspective to develop a deeper understanding of our environmental
challenges and inform sustainable solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Water Quality Research Program into
the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Research Program. This new program is directly
aligned with EPA's new Strategic Plan structure, capitalizes on existing capabilities, and
promotes the use of a transdisciplinary perspective to further EPA's mission. Research to address
targeted, existing problems and provide technical support will continue, with focus on
sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted Budget (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$319.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(+$5,966.0 / +7.0 FTE) This reflects funding for green infrastructure research to improve
urban watershed management practices and facilitate the nation's transition to more
sustainable water infrastructure systems. The increase also includes 7.0 FTE with
associated payroll of $931.0. A significant portion of funds will leverage the most
innovative thinking by academia's top scientists through STAR grants.
(+$1,087.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
(+$589.0 / +2.2 FTE) This reflects the net result of realignments of FTE and resources
such as critical equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses
to better align with programmatic priorities, and includes 2.2 FTE with associated payroll
of $293.0 Realignments are based on FTE allocations as well as scientific equipment
needs.
(+$183.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred in FY 2010 to the
Research: Sustainability Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR).
For SBIR, EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small
businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY
2012 Budget is enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY
2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(-$92.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$227.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide Information
Technology (IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement,
helpdesk standardization, and others totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in
211
-------
individual areas may be offset by increased mandatory costs for telephone and Local
Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
(-$273.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$510.0 / -1.3 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources
associated with the Water Quality Research Program. This change includes a decrease of
1.3 FTE and associated payroll of $173.0 and reflects EPA's workforce management
strategy that will help the agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$731.0 / -1.3 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from EPA's Administrative
Efficiencies Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to
delivering administrative services. This change includes a decrease of 1.3 FTE and
associated payroll of $173.0 and reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will
help the agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$2,000.0) This reflects a decrease in Beaches research due to continued progress in
meeting the requirements of the consent decree and settlement agreement. Work to
support implementation efforts through the Office of Water will receive a higher priority.
In particular, as the Beaches work nears completion, human health effects work will
transition to a technical support level. Research on methods and new molecular tools will
continue. Large scale epidemiology studies will be more difficult to support with this
reduction, but continued development of measures of waterborne pathogen occurrence
and tools for assessing illnesses related to pathogens will remain a priority. There will
not be large scale health studies in FY 2012, but work on tools to use in future health
studies will continue.
(-$66,229.0 / -243.4 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new,
integrated Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Program and includes $31,105.0 in
associated payroll. This transfer will integrate the Water Quality Research Program into
the transdisciplinary Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) Research Program
that better aligns with the Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort
will improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with
catalyzing innovative, sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
CWA Title I, Sec. 101(a)(6) 33 U.S.C. 1254 - Sec 104 (a) and (c) and Sec. 105; ERDDA 33
U.S.C. 1251 - Section 2(a); MPRSA Sec. 203, 33 U.S.C. 1443; ODBA Title II; SPA; CVA;
WRDA; WWWQA; MPPRCA; NISA; CZARA; CWPPRA; ESA; NAWCA; FIFRA 7 U.S. C.
135 et seq; TSCA U.S. C. 136 et seq.
212
-------
Program Area: Human Health and Ecosystems
213
-------
Research: Computational Toxicology
Program Area: Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Goal: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$20,048.0
$20,048.0
32.7
FY2010
Actuals
$13,929.9
$13,929.9
33.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$20,048.0
$20,048.0
32.7
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($20,048.0)
($20,048.0)
-32.7
Program Project Description:
Computational Toxicology assesses the risks that certain chemicals pose to human health and the
environment using mathematical and computer models. Established in 2003, EPA's
Computational Toxicology Research Program (CTRP) examines the sources of chemicals in the
environment and assesses their potential to cause adverse health effects. The CTRP develops
robust and flexible computational tools, which are used to assess thousands of contaminants
found in America's air, water, and hazardous-waste sites. Advances in informatics, high-
throughput screening, and genomics enable EPA scientists to use CTRP results to develop a
detailed understanding of the risks posed by large numbers of chemicals, while at the same time
reduce the use of animals for toxicological testing. These tools are transforming environmental
health protection by providing risk assessors and managers more efficient and effective methods
for managing chemical risks.
The National Center for Computational Toxicology, established in 2005, comprises the largest
component of the CTRP. The strategic directions of the CTRP are highly consistent with the
National Research Council report "Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-first Century: A Vision and a
Strategy"31 (Tox21), and include several substantial and innovative projects in chemical
screening and prioritization, informatics, and systems biology32. EPA's Science to Achieve
Results (STAR) grant program and other EPA laboratories conduct research under the
Computational Toxicology program. The contribution of the STAR program to the CTRP
includes two centers in bioinformatics and two in computational toxicology. The research of
these centers will help fill gaps in our understanding of the molecular pathways that may result in
toxicity to the developing embryo and fetus, which we know represent highly susceptible life
stages to chemical exposure. As these pathways are identified, assays will be developed to test
their sensitivity to thousands of chemicals.
31Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-first Century: A Vision and a Strategy,
http://www.nap. edu/openbook.php?record_id=11970&page=l
32http://epa.gov/ncct/download_files/basic_information/CTRP2_Implementation_Plan_FY09_12.pdf
214
-------
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. The Computational Toxicology program efforts are at the core of The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Strategic Plan for Evaluating the Toxicity of Chemicals33.
The Strategic Plan and the CTRP Implementation Plan for FY 2009-2012 highlight the unique
capabilities of EPA to provide the necessary science to transform how chemical and other risk
assessments are performed, and thus support improved management of environmental
contaminants and chemical risk. Unfortunately, traditional research approaches within the CTRP
portfolio are limited in their ability to address the increasing complexity of 21st century
environmental challenges.
To address this challenge, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science
by implementing an integrated transdisciplinary research approach. This approach will look at
problems from a systems perspective to develop a deeper understanding of our environmental
challenges and inform sustainable solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Computational Toxicology Research
Program into the new Chemical Safety and Sustainability (CSS) program. This new program is
directly aligned with EPA's new Strategic Plan structure, capitalizes on existing capabilities, and
promotes the use of a transdisciplinary approach to further EPA's mission. Research to address
targeted, existing problems and provide technical support will continue, with a focus on
sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$756.0) This decrease is the net effect of increases for payroll and cost of living for existing
FTE, combined with a reduction based on the recalculation of base workforce costs.
(+$2,000.0) This reflects an increase for next-generation tools to speed and facilitate
implementation of the Agency's Endocrine Disrupter Screening program (EDSP). The
application of these tools will introduce a more efficient approach to identifying potential
endocrine disrupters and apply this information across the life cycle of a chemical. This
research is critical to help the Agency meet its priority of strengthening chemicals
management and risk assessment.
(+$285.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For SBIR
EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small businesses to
develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY 2012 budget is
enacted, when the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY 2012 funds will
be transferred to the SBIR program.
"National Service Center for Environmental Publications, P.O. Box 42419, Cincinnati,OH 45242, publication # 100K09001
215
-------
(+$92.0 / +2.7 FTE) This change reflects the net result of realignments of resources such as
critical equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses to better
align with programmatic priorities, including 2.7 FTE with associated payroll of $359.0.
Realignments of these resources are based on FTE allocations as well as scientific equipment
needs.
(-$3.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide Information Technology
(IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk
standardization, and others totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in individual areas
may be offset by increased mandatory costs for telephone and local area network (LAN)
support for FTE.
(-$28.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel footprint
by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$133.0 / -1.0 FTE) This reflects a realignment of FTE resources for STAR grants including
-$133.0 in associated payroll. This change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy
that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$294.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and programmatic
areas to achieve these savings.
(-$21,211.0 / -34.4 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Chemical Safety and Sustainability program (CSS), including $4,363.0 in associated payroll.
This transfer will integrate Endocrine Disrupters Chemicals; Computational Toxicology; and
Nanotechnology Research Programs, as well as portions of Sustainability, Human Health,
Pesticides and Toxics, and Human Health Risk Assessment programs into a transdisciplinary
effort that better aligns with the Administration and Agency priorities. This effort will
improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with
catalyzing innovative sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
SDWA; Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments; Environmental Research, Development
and Demonstration Authorization Act; SARA; CERCLA; RCRA; Oil Pollution Act;
BRERA; Midcoast Regional Redevelopment Authority.
216
-------
Research: Endocrine Disruptor
Program Area: Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Goal: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$11,355.0
$11,355.0
50.1
FY2010
Actuals
$12,471.9
$12.471.9
52.1
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$11,355.0
$11,355.0
50.1
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($11,355.0)
($11,355.0)
-50.1
Program Project Description:
EPA's Endocrine Disrupters Research Program applies methods, models, and measures to
evaluate real-world exposures to endocrine disrupters and characterize related effects resulting
from these exposures for humans and wildlife. The Endocrine Disrupters Research Program
provides direct support to EPA's Endocrine Screening and Testing Programs, which are
mandated under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 and the Safe Drinking Water Act
Amendments of 1996.34
EPA uses Endocrine Disrupters research to develop risk management tools to prevent or mitigate
exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Decision-makers use these tools to reduce
and prevent exposure of humans and ecosystems to endocrine disrupters. The EDCs Program
also develops and evaluates the new and existing test protocols that are used to assess potential
endocrine effects of environmental agents.
This research program strengthens the scientific foundation for the Agency's actions to protect
Americans against unreasonable risk from exposure to toxicants that interfere with the endocrine
system. In addition, the EDCs Program supports the Administrator's priorities for assuring the
safety of chemicals, protecting America's waters and building strong state and tribal
partnerships.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. Unfortunately, traditional research approaches are limited in their ability to
address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges. Although
chemicals are essential to modern life, we lack innovative systematic, effective, and efficient
approaches and tools to inform decisions that reduce the environmental and societal impact of
harmful chemicals while increasing economic value.
SDWA Section 1457.
217
-------
To address this challenge, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science
by implementing an integrated transdisciplinary research approach. This approach will look at
problems from a systems perspective to develop a deeper understanding of our environmental
challenges and inform sustainable solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Endocrine Disrupters Research Program
into the Chemical Safety and Sustainability Research Program. This new program is directly
aligned with EPA's new Strategic Plan structure, capitalizes on existing capabilities, and
promotes the use of a transdisciplinary approach to further EPA's mission. Research to address
targeted, existing problems and provide technical support will continue, with a focus on
sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$115.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(+$7,000.0) Additional funding will support grants to academia through the Science to
Achieve Results (STAR) Program, complementing the intramural research effort on
endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This research will allow for an acceleration of
applying the latest state-of-the-art technologies and innovations to advance the
assessment and management of environmental endocrine disrupters and other emerging
contaminants of concern.
(+133.0 / +1.0 FTE) This reflects a realignment of FTE resources for STAR grants,
including $133.0 in associated payroll. This change reflects EPA's workforce
management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency
priorities.
(+$37.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For
SBIR, EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small
businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY
2012 budget is enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY
2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(+$5.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
(-$43.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$54.6 / -0.2 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from EPA's Administrative
Efficiencies Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to
delivering administrative services. The reduced resources include 0.2 FTE and
associated payroll of -$26.6. The change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy
that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
218
-------
(-$58.9 / -0.3 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources
associated with the Endocrine Disrupters Research Program. The reduced resources
include 0.3 FTE and associated payroll of -$39.9. The change reflects EPA's workforce
management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency
priorities.
(-$255.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$413.8 / -1.6 FTE) This represents a net realignment of FTE and resources to the
Pesticides and Toxics Research Program to address exposure issues related to potential
chemical and/or pesticide stressors to better reflect program support needs. This includes
a reduction of 1.6 FTE with decreased associated payroll of -$212.8. This change
reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the agency better align
resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$701.7 / -2.9 FTE) This reflects the realignment of resources for critical equipment
purchases and facility repairs and improvements across Agency Research Programs to
better align with programmatic priorities. This includes a reduction of 2.9 FTE with
decreased associated payroll of -$385.7. Realignments are based on FTE allocations as
well as scientific equipment needs.
(-$16,888.0 / -46.1 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Chemical Safety and Sustainability Program to better integrate chemical safety Research
Programs. The reduced resources include 46.1 FTE and associated payroll of $5,847.0.
This transfer will integrate Computational Toxicology, Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,
and Nanotechnology research, along with portions of Human Health, Human Health Risk
Assessment, Pesticides and Toxics, and Sustainability research into a transdisciplinary
effort that better aligns with Agency priorities. This effort will improve the Agency's
ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative
sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
CAA, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 103, 104 & 154; CWA, 33 U.S.C. Sec. 101-121; CERCLA, 42 U.S.C.;
ERDDAA, 42 U.S.C. 4361-4370; FIFRA, 7 U.S.C. Sec. 136; FQPA, 7 U.S.C.; Pollution
Prevent on Act PP A, 42 U.S.C. 13103; RCRA 42 U.S.C.; SOW A, 42 U.S.C. 1457 Sec. 136-137,
201-203; TSCA, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 2609.
219
-------
Research: Fellowships
Program Area: Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Goal: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$11,083.0
$11,083.0
2.6
FY2010
Actuals
$11,453.8
$11,453.8
7.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$11,083.0
$11,083.0
2.6
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($11,083.0)
($11,083.0)
-2.6
Program Project Description:
It is essential that our nation has a well-trained scientific and engineering workforce that can
address complex environmental issues. According to a July 2004 publication by the National
Science and Technology Council titled Science for the 21st Century., beginning in 1998, the U.S.
experienced a significant decline in science and engineering doctorates. EPA assists in efforts to
counteract this decline by offering five fellowship programs that encourage promising students to
pursue degrees and careers in environmentally-related fields:
Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowship Program:35 U.S. masters and doctoral
students in environmental fields compete for EPA's STAR fellowships through a
rigorous merit-based review process. The applicant's proposed area of research must
aim to strengthen the scientific basis for environmental management and promote a
broader focus for future research and environmental technology development. EPA
provides assistance for up to three years in the form of a stipend ($20,000/year), a
research budget ($5,000/year) and tuition assistance (up to $12,000/year).
Greater Research Opportunities (GRO) Undergraduate Fellowship Program:! This
program awards fellowships to undergraduates whose universities receive less than $35
million annually in federal science and technology funds. For qualifying students in
environmental fields, EPA provides up to $19,250 a year for academic support and
$8,000 for a three-month summer internship with EPA between the fellow's junior and
senior years.
Environmental Science and Technology Policy Fellowship Program:36 In conjunction
with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), EPA places
qualified technical professionals with a Ph.D. degree or equivalent into EPA
headquarters for up to two years. Fellows design and work on projects that produce
35 For more information, see http://epa.gov/ncer/fellow/.
36 For more information, see http://fellowships.aaas.org/index.shtml.
220
-------
meaningful scientific research for environmental policy makers. The program awards
annual stipends ranging between $70,000 and $95,000.
Environmental Public Health Fellowship Program:37 In conjunction with the
Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH), EPA provides professional
development opportunities to graduates of accredited U.S. schools of public health.
Fellows gain real-world experience in environmental public health issues by working in
EPA laboratory, regional, program or research management offices across the country.
The program awards annual stipends of up to $50,000.
EPA Marshall Scholarship Program:38 In partnership with the Government of the
United Kingdom, EPA awards Marshall Scholars approximately $40,000 a year for
tuition and fees, a stipend, program-related expenses, and travel to and from the United
States. Since 1953, the Marshall Scholarship Program has provided opportunities for
highly motivated masters degree students to receive support for two years of study in
Great Britain. The program places special emphasis on academic fields that address
global environmental problems or benefit multilateral efforts.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. As science advances, EPA is working towards and approach that allows the
Agency to address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges.
In FY 2012, EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated transdisciplinary research approach. This approach will look at problems from a
systems perspective to develop a deeper understanding of our environmental challenges and
inform sustainable solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Fellowships Program into the new
Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program. This new program is aligned with
EPA's new Strategic Plan structure, capitalizes on existing capabilities, and promotes the use of
a transdisciplinary perspective to further EPA's mission. Within this integrated program, EPA's
Fellowships Program will continue to foster long-term investment in the enhancement of
environmental research and development, increased promotion of green principles, and an
increase in the nation's scientific education and workforce.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$526.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(+$6,000.0) This request reflects increased funding for training the next generation of
environmental scientists and engineers under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
37 For more information, see http://www.asph.org/document.cfm?page=751&JobProg ID=1.
38 For more information, see http://www.marshallscholarship.org/applications/epa.
221
-------
Fellowship Program. The increase supports the Administration's science and technology
priority for investing in a diverse science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
education and workforce.
(+$540.0 7+3.8 FTE) This increase reflects the net result of realignments of resources
such as critical equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses
to better align with programmatic priorities, 3.8 FTE with associated payroll of $505.0.
Realignments of these resources are based on FTE allocations as well as scientific
equipment needs. This change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will
help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(+$164.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For
SBIR, EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small
businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY
2012 Budget is enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY
2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(-$17,261.0 / -6.4 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Sustainable and Healthy Communities Program and includes 6.4 FTE and $664.0 in
associated payroll. This transfer will integrate Fellowships and Ecosystems research, as
well as portions of Land; Sustainability; Human Health; and Pesticides and Toxics
Research Programs into a transdisciplinary effort that better aligns with the
Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will improve the Agency's
ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative
sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
SWDA, 42 U.S.C. 6981, Sec. 8001; HSWA; ERDDA; SARA, 42 U.S.C. 7401, Sec. 209 (a), Sec.
403 (a,b); CERCLA, 42 USC 9660, Sec.311; RCRA, 42 U.S.C.; OP A, BRERA.
222
-------
Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Program Area: Research: Human Health and Ecosystems
Goal: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$161,511.0
$161,511.0
484.9
FY2010
Actuals
$158,721.8
$158,721.8
472.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$159,511.0
$159,511.0
484.9
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($161,511.0)
($161,511.0)
-484.9
Program Project Description:
EPA's Human Health and Ecosystems Research Program is a crucial scientific component of the
Agency's ability to protect Americans' public health and environment. The Human Health and
Ecosystems program examines the interactions and impacts between ecosystems and human
activity.
Human Health Research
The Human Health Research Program (HHRP) develops sustainable technological innovations
aimed at protecting human health. The HHRP addresses the limitations, gaps, and challenges
articulated in EPA's Report on the Environment (2008) and responds to recommendations in the
National Research Council's reports "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a
Strategy" (2007) and "Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment" (2009). Using a
"source-to-exposure-to-effects-to-disease" research framework, HHRP develops and links
indicators of risk, characterizes and reduce uncertainties in risk assessment, and applies new
research information to real world settings. Advanced exposure models illuminate potential risks
of environmental contaminants and characterize specific environmental exposures and stressors
that contribute to current human health concerns. HHRP research catalyzes the development of
public health indicators that evaluate the effectiveness of risk management decisions, especially
as they pertain to vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.
Ecosystems Services Research
The Ecosystem Services Research Program (ESRP) conducts solutions-based research that
enables proactive environmental decision making that conserves and protects ecosystem
services. ESRP has made significant accomplishments in quantifying the ecological condition of
the nation's aquatic resources, developing ecological stressor-response models, methods to
forecast alternative future scenarios, and creating methods to restore ecological functions and
ecosystem services within degraded systems. ESRP leverages the expertise of these
accomplishments by integrating scientific resources into a common research framework. This
framework allows EPA to assess and quantify ecosystem services and determine how those
223
-------
services are affected by human behaviour. Using this information, ESRP develops decision
support tools that help policy makers implement scientifically-sound environmental decisions
and create incentives that eliminate or redirect problematic human behaviour. ESRP's research
approach provides the Agency with unique opportunities to produce environmental solutions at
lower cost and with fewer unintended consequences.
Additional research areas
In addition to ESRP and HHRP, the Human Health and Ecosystems program works in
partnership with NASA to perform advanced monitoring research (AMI); conducts mercury
research, nanotechnology research and exploratory research; and develops the Agency's Report
on the Environment (ROE).
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. The integrative nature of the Human Health and Ecosystems Research Program
gives the Agency a unique ability to assess the relationship between environmental agents and
human health and well-being. Currently, the Human Health and Ecosystem Services program,
along with the rest of EPA's research portfolio, targets high-priority environmental issues and
provides technical support for implementing short-term solutions. As science has advanced, EPA
is working towards an approach that allows the Agency to address the increasing complexity of
21st century environmental challenges.
To address these challenges, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science
by implementing an integrated research approach. This approach will look at problems from a
systems perspective to develop a deeper understanding of our environmental challenges and
inform sustainable solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Human Health and Ecosystem Services
program into the Air, Climate and Energy, Chemical Safety and Sustainability, and Sustainable
and Healthy Communities Research Programs. These new programs are aligned with EPA's
new Strategic Plan structure, capitalize on existing capabilities, and incorporate systems analysis
in problem definition and research methods to further EPA's mission. This approach will
leverage the capabilities of the Human Health and Ecosystem program and bridge traditional
scientific disciplines. Research to address targeted, existing problems and provide technical
support will continue, with an emphasized focus on sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1,254.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For
SBIR, EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small
businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY
2012 Budget is enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY
2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR program.
224
-------
(+$1,186.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
(+$800.0) This increase reflects a redirection of resources to the Human Health and
Ecosystems program to fund ECOTOX, which is a database for locating single chemical
toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants and wildlife. The ECOTOX database is
relied upon by EPA program and regional offices, as well as external stakeholders, as a
source of ecological toxicity data.
(+$2,000.0) This reflects an increase to support the plan for a long-term review of EPA's
laboratory network. This cross-Agency integrated management approach reflects EPA
labs, centers and program offices' aim to collaborate across traditional program
boundaries to support national and regional decision-making. This investment will
strengthen the Agency's ability to respond to environmental and public health issues as
"one EPA."
(+$133.0 / +1.0 FTE) This reflects a shift of FTE resources from the Homeland Security
Research Program to nanotechnology research. The resource shift includes associated
payroll of $133.0.
(-$1,104.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$532.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several agencywide Information
Technology (IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement,
helpdesk standardization, and others totaling $10 million agencywide. Savings in
individual areas are partially offset by necessary financial system investments and
increased mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for
FTE.
(-$150.0) This reflects a reduction to human health research integrating health indicators
with socio-economic indicators for the Environmental Quality Index (EQI). EPA has
deemed this research lower priority than other human health efforts.
(-$326.0) This decrease reflects the Agency working to reduce its carbon footprint by
reducing travel costs, promoting green travel practices, and moving routine meetings to a
web or video conference format.
(-$836.0 / -2.2 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources
resulting from expected efficiencies in providing operational support to researchers. It
also includes a reduction of 2.2 programmatic FTE and associated payroll of-$293.0 that
reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency to better align
resources, skills and Agency priorities,
(-$750.0) This reflects a reduction to the nanotechnology research to delay research in
using new energy applications, such as next-generation lithium-ion batteries, as case
studies for developing Life Cycle Assessment approaches for nanomaterials. This
225
-------
reduction also will delay FY 2012 commitments made to the international Organization
for Economic Co-operation and Development to support development of non-animal test
methods for nanomaterials, in particular for carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles.
(-$751.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$769.0 / -3.4 FTE) This decrease reflects the net result of realignments of infrastructure
FTE and resources such as equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and
general expenses that are proportionally allocated across programs to better align with
programmatic priorities. The decrease includes a reduction of 3.4 FTE and decreased
associated payroll of-$452.0.
(-$1,500.0) This reflects a reduction to human health research on screening assays and
predictive toxicology approaches. Research to develop new assays and approaches will
be delayed, slowing EPA efforts to transform the efficiency and effectiveness of toxicity
testing.
(-$1,685.0) This reflects a reduction to ecosystems research for mapping and modeling
current ecosystem services and future ecosystem services predicted under multiple
scenarios. The reduction will reduce and delay a number of research projects including
EMAP condition monitoring, site-specific demonstration projects in the southwest, a site-
specific demonstration project and use of remote sensing technology in the Albemarle-
Pamlico Watershed, and the Regional Vulnerability Assessment toolkit.
(-$2,000.0) This reduction is the result of a supplemental appropriation included in FY
2010 for oil spills research. This increase is not included in the FY 2012 Budget request.
(-$2,106.0 / -2.2 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from EPA's Administrative
Efficiencies Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to
delivering administrative services and reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that
will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities. A portion of
these administrative savings ($1,000) will be reinvested directly into science through
STAR fellowships. The change includes a decrease of 2.2 FTE with reduced associated
payroll of $293.0 and reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the
agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$2,429.0 / -3.1 FTE) This reflects a reduction to the mercury Research Program and
includes a reduction of 3.1 FTE and decreased associated payroll of -$412.0. The
program will discontinue research examining mercury "hot spots'" evaluating mercury
emission measurement/control technologies, and assessing the impact of different coals
and technology configurations on coal combustion residues. The program will use data
already generated to produce final products and reports.
226
-------
(-$3,000.0) This reduction is the result of an increase included in the FY 2010
Appropriation providing an additional $3,000.0 for children's environmental health
research in FY 2010. This increase is not included in the FY 2012 Budget request.
(-$3,500.0) This reduction reflects decreased funding for the Advanced Monitoring
Initiative. Research with the interagency Group on Earth Observations will focus only on
those areas that are core EPA priorities; the remaining collaborative research with NASA
will be integrated into the new Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program.
(-$1,204.0 / -6.6 FTE) This reflects a transfer of FTE and resources for mercury research
to the new Air, Climate and Energy Research Program. The reduced resources include -
6.6 FTE and associated payroll of $886.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management
strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$31,025.0 / -100.5 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources for a
portion of Human Health Research and nanotechnology research to the new Chemical
Safety and Sustainability program to better integrate chemical safety Research Programs.
The reduced resources include 100.5 FTE and associated payroll of $12,606.0 and reflect
EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the agency better align resources,
skills and Agency priorities. This transfer will integrate the Endocrine Disrupting
Chemicals, Computational Toxicology, and Nanotechnology Research Programs, as well
as portions of Sustainability, Human Health, Pesticides and Toxics, Human Health Risk
Assessment programs into a transdisciplinary effort that better aligns with the
Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will improve the ability to
deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative sustainable
solutions as the overall goal.
(-$113,217.0 / -367.9 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources for a
portion of Human Health Research, Ecosystem Services Research, the Report on the
Environment, and the Advanced Monitoring Initiative to the new Sustainable and Healthy
Communities program. The reduced resources include 367.9 FTE and associated payroll
of $49,335.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the agency
better align resources, skills and Agency priorities. This transfer will integrate
Fellowships and Ecosystems research; as well as portions of Land; Sustainability; Human
Health; and Pesticides and Toxics research into a transdisciplinary effort that better aligns
with the Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will improve the
Agency's ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing
innovative sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
CAA, 42 U.S.C. 7403, 7404; SDWA, 42 U.S.C. 300J-1; ERDDA; CWA, 33 U.S.C. 1254;
FIFRA, 7 U.S.C. 136; FFDCA, 21 U.S.C.; RCRA 42 U.S.C. 6981; FQPA; TSCA, 15 U.S.C.;
USGCRA, 15 U.S.C. 2921
227
-------
Program Area: Land Protection
228
-------
Research: Land Protection and Restoration
Program Area: Research: Land Protection
Goal: Land Preservation and Restoration
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spills
Hazardous Substance SuperrUnd
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$14,111.0
$345.0
$639.0
$21,191.0
$36, 286.0
154.7
FY2010
Actuals
$14,687.7
$422.5
$549.7
$22,334.0
$37,993.9
137.6
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$14,111.0
$345.0
$639.0
$21,191.0
$36, 286.0
154.7
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($14,111.0)
($345.0)
($639.0)
($21,191.0)
($36, 286.0)
-154.7
Program Project Description:
Research performed under the Land Research Program supports scientifically defensible and
consistent decision-making for Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) material
management, corrective action, and emerging materials topics. EPA's Land Research Program
provides the scientific foundation for the Agency's actions to protect America's land. Research
under this program has been evolving from waste treatment to beneficial reuse, avoidance of
more toxic materials, and operation of waste management facilities to conserve capacity and
produce energy. Research addresses resource conservation and material reuse issues, as well as
the application of alternative landfill covers and the benefits of landfill bioreactors. To address
emerging material management issues, the program made a strategic shift to focus on
nanomaterial fate and transport and associated risk management issues.
Research efforts are guided by the Land Research Program Multi-Year Plan (MYP),39
developed with input from across the Agency. The MYP outlines steps for meeting the needs of
the Research and Development Program's clients and stakeholders and for evaluating progress
through annual performance goals and measures. Research under this Program supports human
health risk and exposure assessments and methods, which are conducted under the Human
Health Risk Assessment Program.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. As science has advanced, EPA is working towards an approach that allows the
39 EPA, Office of Research and Development, Land Research Program MYP. Washington, D.C.: EPA. For more information,
see http://www.epa. gov/ord/htm/multi-yearplans.htm#land.
229
-------
Agency to address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges.
Communities are increasingly challenged to sustain the well-being of their residents and the
benefits of nature upon which they depend. Changing demographics; urbanization; competition
for food, materials, and energy in a global economy; growing waste streams; changing climate;
and tighter budgets have exacerbated the challenges. Instead, a more systems-oriented and
synergistic approach is needed.
To address these challenges, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science
by implementing an integrated research approach. This approach will look at problems from a
systems perspective to develop a deeper understanding of our environmental challenges and
inform sustainable solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach this, EPA is integrating the Land Preservation and Restoration
Research Program with the Fellowships, Human Health and Ecosystems, Sustainability, and
Pesticides and Toxics Research Programs into the Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Research Program. This new program is directly aligned with EPA's new Strategic Plan
structure, and capitalizes on existing capabilities to accomplish EPA's mission. Research to
address targeted, existing problems and provide technical support will continue, with an
emphasized focus on sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$242.0 / +0.9 FTE) This reflects the net result of realignments of infrastructure FTE and
resources such as equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses
that are proportionately allocated across programs to better align with programmatic
priorities. This reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency
better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(+$241.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
(+$10.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred in FY 2010 to the
Sustainability Research Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR).
For SBIR EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small
businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY
2012 budget is enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY
2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(-$5.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and programmatic
areas to achieve these savings.
(-$83.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel footprint
by promoting green travel and conferencing.
230
-------
(-$124.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's technology infrastructure modernization
plan (or Information Technology and telecommunications) resources. Realignment of these
resources is based on FTE allocations.
(-$125.0 / -0.1 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources resulting
from expected efficiencies in providing operational support to researchers. This change
includes -$13.0 in associated payroll and reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that
will help the agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$154.0 / -0.3 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from EPA's Administrative Efficiencies
Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to delivering
administrative services. This change includes -$40.0 in associated payroll and reflects EPA's
workforce management strategy that will help the agency better align resources, skills and
Agency priorities.
(-$181.0) This reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$331.0 / -2.0 FTE) This reflects a redirection of resources to Drinking Water research,
reflecting the natural evolution in research direction from groundwater remediation issues to
groundwater protection issues related to carbon sequestration. This reduction includes 2.0
FTE with decreased associated payroll of $266.0.
(-$4,215.0 / -25.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Chemical Safety and Sustainability Program and includes a transfer of $3,324.0 in associated
payroll. This transfer will integrate nanotechnology research into the transdisciplinary
Chemical Safety and Sustainability Program that better aligns with Agency priorities. EPA
expects this effort will improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more effectively and
efficiently, with catalyzing innovative, sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
(-$9,386.0 / -32.1 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Sustainable and Healthy Communities Program and includes a transfer of $4,216.0 in
associated payroll. This transfer will integrate land restoration research into the
transdisciplinary Sustainable and Healthy Communities Program that better aligns with
Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will improve the Agency's ability to deliver
science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative, sustainable solutions as
the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Air Act Sections 103 and 104. 42 U.S.C. 7403, 42 U.S.C. 7404,103; 104; CWA Sections
101, 104 & 404, 33 U.S.C. 1254; Clinger Cohen Act, 40 U.S.C. 11318; CZMA, 16 U.S.C. 1451
- Section 302; E.G. 12866; ERDDAA; ESA, 16 U.S.C. 1531 - Section 2; FIFRA Sections 18
and 20; TSCA Section 10. 15 U.S.C. 2609; WRRA.
231
-------
Program Area: Research: Sustainability
232
-------
Research: Sustainability
Program Area: Research: Sustainability
Goal: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
Goal: Compliance and Environmental Stewardship
Objective(s): Enhance Societies Capacity for Sustainability through Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfimd
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$27,287.0
$73.0
$27,360.0
70.8
FY2010
Actuals
$25,807.8
$152.0
$25,959.8
73.1
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$27,287.0
$73.0
$27,360.0
70.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($27,287.0)
($73.0)
($27,360.0)
-70.8
Program Project Description:
EPA's Science and Technology for Sustainability (STS) Research Program provides
technologies and decision tools to inform future risk management decisions, and provides
technical and scientific support to regional and national Sustainability policies and initiatives.
These tools and support are provided through three main areas:
Sustainability Metrics:. The STS Research Program focuses its efforts on developing
scientifically-based Sustainability metrics and indices that will support understanding of
the implications of different technology and risk management pathways, evaluation of
regional ecosystem and human health Sustainability over time, and assessment of how
various management strategies can move a region towards Sustainability.
Decision Support ToolsAO This research creates tools, models, and methods that provide
information to decision makers on ways to evaluate environmental management issues,
from a systems perspective, in order to achieve sustainable outcomes. This research is
built on the foundation of life cycle and supply chain analysis techniques. These
techniques address the Sustainability of alternative policy options, production pathways,
and product usage by describing the full environmental impact and Sustainability
implications of each alternative.
Technologies: This research emphasizes the development and testing of technologies
that facilitate sustainable outcomes. An example of ongoing technical work is the
development and evaluation of a new membrane technology that can recover biofuel
from biomass streams at higher purity levels using 50 percent less energy and at lower
40 For more information, see http://www. epa. go v/ord/NRMRL/std/sab.
233
-------
cost than current technology. Programs such as the Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program and the People, Prosperity, and Planet (P3) student design competition
emphasize finding solutions to client-driven problems while promoting sustainable
design and implementation practices that generate research outputs in the form of
innovative, inherently benign, integrated, and interdisciplinary designs that will advance
the scientific, technical, and policy knowledge necessary to further the goals of
sustainability.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. As science advances, EPA is working towards and approach that allows the
Agency to address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges.
In FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science by implementing an
integrated research approach. This approach will look at problems from a systems perspective to
develop a deeper understanding of our environmental challenges and inform sustainable
solutions to our strategic goals.
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the STS Research Program into the new
Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program. This new program is aligned with
EPA's new Strategic Plan structure and capitalizes on existing capabilities to accomplish EPA's
mission. In addition, research on E-waste/E-design under the STS Research Program will be
integrated with the new Chemical Safety and Sustainability Research Program. Research to
address targeted, existing problems and provide technical support will continue, with an
emphasized focus on sustainable applications and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$5,465.07 0.9 FTE) This reflects an increase for a new green chemistry and design for the
environment initiative and includes associated payroll of $120.0. It includes $1,000.0 for
E-waste/E-design research to improve the sustainability of electronic materials. The
proposed research would develop new scientific information and tools that will lead to the
development of safer chemicals, including nanomaterials. Funds will be used to integrate
data from multiple scientific disciplines and sources into innovative user friendly decision
tools, databases, and models for use by environmental decision-makers. This research will
spur innovations in green chemistry as well as help develop: a scientifically and technically
trained green chemistry workforce, approaches to inform and engage communities about
green chemistry, and a network of green chemistry and engineering centers to support the
development and adoption of safer alternatives to chemical substances.
(+$609.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(+$31.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
234
-------
(-$53.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel footprint
by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$99.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several agencywide Information
Technology projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk
standardization, and others totaling $10 million agencywide. Savings in individual areas may
be offset by increased mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support
for FTE.
(-$103.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and programmatic
areas to achieve these savings.
(-$148.0 / -0.3 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources associated
with the Sustainability Research Program. The reduced resources include 0.3 FTE and
associated payroll of $40.0.
(-$209.0 / -0.9 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from the Administrative Efficiencies
Project (AEP), a long-term effort to develop a corporate approach to delivering
administrative services. The reduced resources include 0.9 FTE and associated payroll of
$120.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better
align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$610.0 / -3.5 FTE) This reflects the net result of realignments of infrastructure FTE and
resources such as equipment purchases and repairs, travel, contracts, and general expenses
that are proportionately allocated across programs to better align with programmatic
priorities. This includes a reduction of 3.5 FTE with decreased associated payroll of-$466.0
and reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better align
resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$2,200.0) This reflects a disinvestment of research in biofuels due to the completion of the
2010 Report to Congress and Department of Energy and Department of Agriculture reports
that are under development. The decrease will reduce EPA research on filling gaps identified
in the Report to Congress and limit EPA planning for the 2013 Report to Congress as
required by the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA.)
(-$3,183.0) This reflects an adjustment for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR).
Enacted funding levels for SBIR include the amount EPA is required to set aside for
contracts to small businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies.
This adjustment is necessary because the SBIR set aside, at this point in the budget cycle, is
redistributed to other Research Programs in the President's Budget request. After the FY
2012 budget is enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY
2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR Program.
235
-------
(-$2,800.0) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources for biofuels to the new Air,
Climate, and Energy Research Program. There is no associated payroll included in the
transfer.
(-$5,440.0 / -1.9 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources for the green
chemistry and design for the environment, E-waste/E-design, and nanotechnology research to
the new Chemical Safety and Sustainability Research Program. This transfer will integrate
Endocrine Disrupters Chemicals; Computational Toxicology; and Nanotechnology Research
Programs, as well as a portion of Human Health, Pesticides and Toxics, Human Health Risk
Assessment, and Sustainability research into a transdisciplinary effort that better aligns with
the Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will improve the Agency's
ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative
sustainable solutions as the overall goal. The resources include 1.9 FTE and associated
payroll of $126.0.
(-$18,547.0 / -65.1 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program. This transfer will integrate
Fellowships and Ecosystems research, as well as portions of the Land; Sustainability; Human
Health; and Pesticides and Toxics Research Programs into a transdisciplinary effort that
better aligns with the Administration and Agency priorities. EPA expects this effort will
improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with
catalyzing innovative sustainable solutions as the overall goal. The resources include 65.1
FTE and associated payroll of $9,130.0.
Statutory Authority:
CAA; CWA; FIFRA; PPA; RCRA: SOW A; SARA: TSCA; ERDAA; EISA.
236
-------
Program Area: Toxic Research and Prevention
237
-------
Research: Pesticides and Toxics
Program Area: Toxic Research and Prevention
Goal: Healthy Communities and Ecosystems
Objective(s): Enhance Science and Research
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$27,347.0
$27,347.0
137.4
FY2010
Actuals
$27,423.6
$27,423.6
128.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$27,347.0
$27,347.0
137.4
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($27,347.0)
($27,347.0)
-137.4
Program Project Description:
The Pesticides and Toxics Research Program develops methods, models, and data for use in
decisions by EPA's Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention Program and other organizations.
The program identifies and synthesizes the best available scientific information, models,
methods, and analyses to support Agency guidance and policy decisions related to the health of
people, communities, and ecosystems, with a focus on pesticides and toxic chemicals. The
Research Program has three major goals:
Provide predictive tools to inform decision-making regarding high priority pesticides and
toxic substances,
Develop probabilistic risk assessment methods and models to better protect wildlife
populations, and
Provide the tools necessary to make risk management decisions related to products of
biotechnology.
Research in the Pesticides and Toxics Program strengthens the scientific foundation for the
Agency's actions to protect human health and the environment against unreasonable risks from
exposure to pesticides and toxic chemicals.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA research has provided effective solutions to high-priority environmental problems for the
past 40 years. Unfortunately, traditional research approaches are limited in their ability to
address the increasing complexity of 21st century environmental challenges. Although
chemicals are essential to modern life, we lack innovative systematic, effective, and efficient
approaches and tools to inform decisions that reduce the environmental and societal impact of
chemicals while increasing economic value.
To address this challenge, in FY 2012 EPA will strengthen its planning and delivery of science
by implementing an integrated transdisciplinary research approach. This approach will look at
problems from a systems perspective to develop a deeper understanding of our environmental
challenges and inform sustainable solutions to our strategic goals.
238
-------
To implement this new approach, EPA is integrating the Pesticides and Toxics Research
Program into the Chemical Safety and Sustainability and the Sustainable and Healthy
Communities Research Programs. These new programs are directly aligned with EPA's new
Strategic Plan structure, capitalize on existing capabilities, and promote the use of a
transdisciplinary perspective to further EPA's mission. Research to address targeted, existing
problems and provide technical support will continue, with a focus on sustainable applications
and outcomes.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1386.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(+$518.0 / +2.0 FTE) This reflects a redirection of resources from EDCs research
towards Pesticides and Toxics research to address exposure issues related to potential
chemical and/or pesticide stressors. This change includes 2.0 FTE with associated payroll
of $266.0. This change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the
agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(+$125.0) This reflects adjustments to the Agency's fixed costs.
(+$16.0) This represents a restoration of resources transferred to the Research:
Sustainability Program to support Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). For
SBIR, EPA is required to set aside 2.5 percent of funding for contracts to small
businesses to develop and commercialize new environmental technologies. After the FY
2012 budget is enacted, and the exact amount of the mandated requirement is known, FY
2012 funds will be transferred to the SBIR Program.
(-$13.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$137.0 / -0.8 FTE) This reflects a reduction of programmatic support resources
associated with the Pesticides and Toxics Research Program. The reduced resources
include -0.8 FTE and associated payroll of -$106.0 and reflect EPA's workforce
management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency
priorities.
(-$50.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$201.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide Information
Technology (IT) projects such as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement,
239
-------
helpdesk standardization, and others totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in
individual areas may be offset by increased mandatory costs for telephone and local area
network (LAN) support for FTE.
(-$354.0 / -0.7 FTE) This reduction reflects savings from EPA's Administrative
Efficiencies Project (AEP), a long term effort to develop a corporate approach to
delivering administrative services. The reduced resources include 0.7 FTE and
associated payroll of -$93.0 and reflect EPA's workforce management strategy that will
help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-$332.0 / -1.7 FTE) This reflects the realignment of resources for critical equipment
purchases and facility repairs and improvements across Agency Research Programs to
better align with programmatic priorities. The reduced resources include -1.7 FTE and
associated payroll of -$226.0. Realignments are based on FTE allocations as well as
scientific equipment needs.
(-$1,146.0 / -0.9 FTE) This reflects a reduction to research supporting the development
of scientific tools for biotechnology and includes a reduction of 0.9 FTE with decreased
associated payroll of -$120.0. The program will reduce research into refining the use of
remote sensing as a tool for the management of insect resistance in genetically modified
crops, also known as Plant Incorporated Pesticides (PIP) crops. The program has
completed research on decision support systems to identify insect infestations that would
indicate the development of insect resistance.
(-$12,116.0 / -58.2 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Sustainable and Healthy Communities Program. Reduced resources include 58.2 FTE
and associated payroll of $7,666.0. This transfer will integrate Pesticides and Toxics
research with Fellowships and Ecosystems research; as well as portions of Land;
Sustainability and Human Health research into a transdisciplinary effort that better aligns
with Agency priorities. This effort will improve the Agency's ability to deliver science
more effectively and efficiently, with catalyzing innovative, sustainable solutions as the
overall goal.
(-$15,043.0 / -77.1 FTE) This reflects a transfer of dollar and FTE resources to the new
Chemical Safety and Sustainability Program to better integrate chemical safety Research
Programs. Reduced resources include 77.1 FTE and associated payroll of $10,023.0.
This transfer will integrate Pesticides and Toxics research with Computational
Toxicology, Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, and Nanotechnology research, along with
portions of Human Health, Human Health Risk Assessment, and Sustainability research
into a transdisciplinary effort that better aligns with Agency priorities. This effort will
improve the Agency's ability to deliver science more effectively and efficiently, with
catalyzing innovative sustainable solutions as the overall goal.
Statutory Authority:
CAA, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 103, 104 & 154; CWA, 33 U.S.C. Sec. 101-121; ERDDAA, 42 U.S.C.
4361-4370; FIFRA, 7 U.S.C. Sec. 136; FQPA, 7 U.S.C.; TSCA, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 2609.
240
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Table of Contents - Environmental Programs and Management
Resource Summary Table 245
Program Projects in EPM 246
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate 252
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs 253
Climate Protection Program 257
Federal Stationary Source Regulations 267
Federal Support for Air Quality Management 273
Federal Support for Air Toxics Program 282
Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs 284
Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund 288
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation 291
Indoor Air: Radon Program 292
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air 295
Radiation: Protection 298
Radiation: Response Preparedness 301
Program Area: Brownfields 304
Brownfields 305
Program Area: Compliance 309
Compliance Assistance and Centers 310
Program Project Description: 310
Compliance Incentives 312
Compliance Monitoring 314
Program Area: Enforcement 322
Civil Enforcement 323
Criminal Enforcement 329
Enforcement Training 333
Environmental Justice 335
NEPA Implementation 339
Program Area: Geographic Programs 342
Great Lakes Restoration 343
241
-------
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay 358
Geographic Program: San Francisco Bay 368
Geographic Program: Puget Sound 372
Geographic Program: South Florida 375
Geographic Program: Mississippi River Basin 379
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound 381
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico 385
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain 391
Geographic Program: Other 394
Program Area: Homeland Security 400
Homeland Security: Communication and Information 401
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection 404
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery 407
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and Infrastructure 409
Program Area: Information Exchange / Outreach 411
Children and Other Sensitive Populations: Agency Coordination 412
Environmental Education 415
Congressional, Intergovernmental, External Relations 418
Exchange Network 422
Small Business Ombudsman 427
Small Minority Business Assistance 430
State and Local Prevention and Preparedness 433
TRI / Right to Know 436
Tribal - Capacity Building 439
Program Area: International Programs 444
US Mexico Border 445
International Sources of Pollution 449
Trade and Governance 454
Program Area: IT / Data Management / Security 459
Information Security 460
IT / Data Management 463
Program Area: Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review 471
Administrative Law 472
Alternative Dispute Resolution 474
242
-------
Civil Rights / Title VI Compliance 476
Legal Advice: Environmental Program 480
Legal Advice: Support Program 483
Regional Science and Technology 485
Integrated Environmental Strategies 488
Regulatory/Economic-Management and Analysis 494
Science Advisory Board 500
Program Area: Operations and Administration 502
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations 503
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance 508
Acquisition Management 511
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management 514
Human Resources Management 517
Program Area: Pesticides Licensing 521
Endocrine Disrupters 522
Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk 526
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk 532
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability 538
Science Policy and Biotechnology 542
Program Area: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 544
RCRA: Waste Management 545
RCRA: Corrective Action 550
RCRA: Waste Minimization & Recycling 554
Program Area: Toxics Risk Review and Prevention 558
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Review and Reduction 559
Pollution Prevention Program 570
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Management 580
Toxic Substances: Lead Risk Reduction Program 584
Program Area: Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST) 592
LUST/UST 593
Program Area: Water: Ecosystems 596
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways 597
Wetlands 602
Program Area: Water: Human Health Protection 607
243
-------
Beach/Fish Programs 608
Drinking Water Programs 613
Program Area: Water Quality Protection 622
Marine Pollution 623
Surface Water Protection 629
244
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2012 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
APPROPRIATION: Environmental Program & Management
Resource Summary Table
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Budget Authority
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$2,993,779.0
10,925.3
FY2010
Actuals
$2,988,874.6
10,793.6
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$2,993,779.0
10,925.3
FY2012
Pres Budget
$2,876,634.0
10,851.9
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($117,145.0)
-73.4
Bill Language: Environmental Programs and Management
For environmental programs and management, including necessary expenses, not otherwise
provided for, for personnel and related costs and travel expenses; hire of passenger motor
vehicles; hire, maintenance, and operation of aircraft; purchase of reprints; library
memberships in societies or associations which issue publications to members only or at a price
to members lower than to subscribers who are not members; administrative costs of the
brownfields program under the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization
Act of 2002; and not to exceed $19,000 for official reception and representation expenses of
which $10,000 is for hosting the annual meeting of the Council of the Commission for
Environmental Cooperation in the United States during FY2012, $2,876,634,000, to remain
available until September 30, 2013: Provided, That of the funds made available under this
heading, at least $3,000,000 is for strengthening the Agency's acquisition workforce capacity
and capabilities: Provided further, That such funds may be transferred by the Administrator to
any other account of the Agency to carry out the purposes provided herein and that such
transferred funds shall be available for the same time period as the account to which
transferred: Provided further, That with respect to the previous proviso, such transfer authority
is in addition to any other transfer authority provided in this Act: Provided further, That with
respect to the previous proviso, such funds shall be available for training, recruitment, retention,
and hiring members of the acquisition workforce as defined by the Office of Federal
Procurement Policy Act, as amended (41 U.S.C. 401 et seq.): Provided further, That with respect
to the previous proviso, such funds shall be available for information technology in support of
acquisition workforce effectiveness or for management solutions to improve acquisition
management. Note.A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time
the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L.
111-242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by
the continuing resolution.
245
-------
Program Projects in EPM
(Dollars in Thousands)
Program Project
Clean Air and Climate
Clean Air Allowance Trading
Programs
Climate Protection Program
Energy STAR
Methane to markets
Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Registry
Climate Protection Program
(other activities)
Subtotal, Climate Protection
Program
Federal Stationary Source
Regulations
Federal Support for Air Quality
Management
Federal Support for Air Toxics
Program
Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic
Programs
Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral
Fund
Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate
Indoor Air and Radiation
Indoor Air: Radon Program
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Radiation: Protection
Radiation: Response Preparedness
Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation
Brownfields
Brownfields
Compliance
Compliance Assistance and Centers
Compliance Incentives
Compliance Monitoring
FY2010
Enacted
$20,791.0
$52,606.0
$4,569.0
$16,685.0
$39,184.0
$113,044.0
$27,158.0
$99,619.0
$24,446.0
$5,934.0
$9,840.0
$300,832.0
$5,866.0
$20,759.0
$11,295.0
$3,077.0
$40,997.0
$24,152.0
$25,622.0
$9,560.0
$99,400.0
FY2010
Actuals
$20,664.3
$42,138.0
$5,272.8
$15,990.7
$46,324.6
$109,726.1
$26,195.8
$103,224.6
$23,468.8
$6,159.4
$9,840.0
$299,279.0
$5,408.1
$19,253.0
$11,433.3
$2,827.9
$38,922.3
$24,465.3
$23,628.3
$8,792.6
$97,937.7
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$20,791.0
$52,606.0
$4,569.0
$16,685.0
$39,184.0
$113,044.0
$27,158.0
$99,619.0
$24,446.0
$5,934.0
$9,840.0
$300,832.0
$5,866.0
$20,759.0
$11,295.0
$3,077.0
$40,997.0
$24,152.0
$25,622.0
$9,560.0
$99,400.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$20,842.0
$55,628.0
$5,616.0
$17,646.0
$32,529.0
$111,419.0
$34,096.0
$133,822.0
$0.0
$5,612.0
$9,495.0
$315,286.0
$3,901.0
$17,198.0
$9,629.0
$3,042.0
$33,770.0
$26,397.0
$0.0
$0.0
$119,648.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$51.0
$3,022.0
$1,047.0
$961.0
($6,655.0)
($1,625.0)
$6,938.0
$34,203.0
($24,446.0)
($322.0)
($345.0)
$14,454.0
($1,965.0)
($3,561.0)
($1,666.0)
($35.0)
($7,227.0)
$2,245.0
($25,622.0)
($9,560.0)
$20,248.0
246
-------
Program Project
Subtotal, Compliance
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement
Enforcement Training
Environmental Justice
NEPA Implementation
Subtotal, Enforcement
Geographic Programs
Great Lakes Restoration
Geographic Program: Chesapeake
Bay
Geographic Program: Great Lakes
Geographic Program: San Francisco
Bay
Geographic Program: Puget Sound
Geographic Program: South Florida
Geographic Program: Mississippi
River Basin
Geographic Program: Long Island
Sound
Geographic Program: Gulf of
Mexico
Geographic Program: Lake
Champlain
Geographic Program: Other
Lake Pontchartrain
Community Action for a
Renewed Environment
(CARE)
Geographic Program:
Other (other activities)
Subtotal, Geographic Program:
Other
Subtotal, Geographic Programs
Homeland Security
Homeland Security:
Communication and Information
Homeland Security: Critical
FY2010
Enacted
$134,582.0
$146,636.0
$49,637.0
$3,278.0
$7,090.0
$18,258.0
$224,899.0
$475,000.0
$50,000.0
$0.0
$7,000.0
$50,000.0
$2,168.0
$0.0
$7,000.0
$6,000.0
$4,000.0
$1,500.0
$2,448.0
$3,325.0
$7,273.0
$608,441.0
$6,926.0
FY2010
Actuals
$130,358.6
$145,896.6
$49,043.2
$3,220.0
$9,567.4
$18,313.4
$226,040.6
$430,818.2
$53,192.7
$1,752.3
$10,087.1
$40,040.4
$2,321.5
$0.0
$6,141.9
$7,671.7
$486.9
$996.0
$1,648.9
$1,901.0
$4,545.9
$557,058.6
$7,206.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$134,582.0
$146,636.0
$49,637.0
$3,278.0
$7,090.0
$18,258.0
$224,899.0
$475,000.0
$50,000.0
$0.0
$7,000.0
$50,000.0
$2,168.0
$0.0
$7,000.0
$6,000.0
$4,000.0
$1,500.0
$2,448.0
$3,325.0
$7,273.0
$608,441.0
$6,926.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$119,648.0
$191,404.0
$51,345.0
$0.0
$7,397.0
$18,072.0
$268,218.0
$350,000.0
$67,350.0
$0.0
$4,847.0
$19,289.0
$2,061.0
$6,000.0
$2,962.0
$4,464.0
$1,399.0
$955.0
$2,384.0
$1,296.0
$4,635.0
$463,007.0
$4,257.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($14,934.0)
$44,768.0
$1,708.0
($3,278.0)
$307.0
($186.0)
$43,319.0
($125,000.0)
$17,350.0
$0.0
($2,153.0)
($30,711.0)
($107.0)
$6,000.0
($4,038.0)
($1,536.0)
($2,601.0)
($545.0)
($64.0)
($2,029.0)
($2,638.0)
($145,434.0)
($2,669.0)
247
-------
Program Project
Infrastructure Protection
Decontamination
Homeland Security:
Critical Infrastructure
Protection (other activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security:
Critical Infrastructure
Protection
Homeland Security: Preparedness,
Response, and Recovery
Decontamination
Homeland Security:
Preparedness, Response,
and Recovery (other
activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security:
Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of
EPA Personnel and Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
Information Exchange / Outreach
Children and Other Sensitive
Populations: Agency Coordination
Environmental Education
Congressional, Intergovernmental,
External Relations
Exchange Network
Small Business Ombudsman
Small Minority Business Assistance
State and Local Prevention and
Preparedness
TRI / Right to Know
Tribal - Capacity Building
Subtotal, Information Exchange /
Outreach
International Programs
US Mexico Border
International Sources of Pollution
Trade and Governance
Subtotal, International Programs
FY2010
Enacted
$99.0
$6,737.0
$6,836.0
$3,423.0
$0.0
$3,423.0
$6,369.0
$23,554.0
$7,100.0
$9,038.0
$51,944.0
$17,024.0
$3,028.0
$2,350.0
$13,303.0
$14,933.0
$12,080.0
$130,800.0
$4,969.0
$8,628.0
$6,227.0
$19,824.0
FY2010
Actuals
$156.1
$6,649.0
$6,805.1
$1,573.3
$2,690.9
$4,264.2
$6,300.3
$24,575.9
$5,715.8
$7,396.6
$52,787.0
$17,918.5
$3,488.5
$2,133.1
$13,426.7
$15,230.9
$13,040.9
$131,138.0
$4,997.8
$8,514.5
$6,359.8
$19,872.1
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$99.0
$6,737.0
$6,836.0
$3,423.0
$0.0
$3,423.0
$6,369.0
$23,554.0
$7,100.0
$9,038.0
$51,944.0
$17,024.0
$3,028.0
$2,350.0
$13,303.0
$14,933.0
$12,080.0
$130,800.0
$4,969.0
$8,628.0
$6,227.0
$19,824.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$1,065.0
$1,065.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$5,978.0
$11,300.0
$10,795.0
$9,885.0
$52,268.0
$20,883.0
$2,953.0
$2,280.0
$14,613.0
$16,463.0
$15,070.0
$145,210.0
$4,912.0
$8,302.0
$6,233.0
$19,447.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($99.0)
($5,672.0)
($5,771.0)
($3,423.0)
$0.0
($3,423.0)
($391.0)
($12,254.0)
$3,695.0
$847.0
$324.0
$3,859.0
($75.0)
($70.0)
$1,310.0
$1,530.0
$2,990.0
$14,410.0
($57.0)
($326.0)
$6.0
($377.0)
248
-------
Program Project
IT / Data Management / Security
Information Security
IT / Data Management
Subtotal, IT / Data Management /
Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic
Review
Administrative Law
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Civil Rights / Title VI Compliance
Legal Advice: Environmental
Program
Legal Advice: Support Program
Regional Science and Technology
Integrated Environmental Strategies
Regulatory/Economic-Management
and Analysis
Science Advisory Board
Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory /
Economic Review
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and
Operations
Rent
Utilities
Security
Facilities Infrastructure and
Operations (other activities)
Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure
and Operations
Central Planning, Budgeting, and
Finance
Acquisition Management
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG
Management
Human Resources Management
Recovery Act Mangement and
Oversight
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
FY2010
Enacted
$5,912.0
$97,410.0
$103,322.0
$5,275.0
$1,147.0
$12,224.0
$42,662.0
$14,419.0
$3,271.0
$18,917.0
$19,404.0
$6,278.0
$123,597.0
$157,040.0
$13,514.0
$27,997.0
$116,687.0
$315,238.0
$82,834.0
$32,404.0
$25,487.0
$42,447.0
$0.0
$498,410.0
FY2010
Actuals
$5,881.7
$98,258.9
$104,140.6
$5,424.8
$1,313.8
$12,413.1
$42,826.7
$14,727.9
$3,146.2
$18,366.6
$19,041.3
$6,157.2
$123,417.6
$161,817.5
$2,539.3
$27,326.6
$118,555.4
$310,238.8
$86,883.5
$33,272.6
$24,311.6
$43,526.7
$22,237.5
$520,470.7
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$5,912.0
$97,410.0
$103,322.0
$5,275.0
$1,147.0
$12,224.0
$42,662.0
$14,419.0
$3,271.0
$18,917.0
$19,404.0
$6,278.0
$123,597.0
$157,040.0
$13,514.0
$27,997.0
$116,687.0
$315,238.0
$82,834.0
$32,404.0
$25,487.0
$42,447.0
$0.0
$498,410.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$6,837.0
$88,576.0
$95,413.0
$5,386.0
$1,329.0
$11,685.0
$45,352.0
$15,873.0
$3,283.0
$17,509.0
$22,326.0
$5,867.0
$128,610.0
$170,807.0
$11,221.0
$29,266.0
$113,671.0
$324,965.0
$77,548.0
$34,119.0
$26,223.0
$44,680.0
$0.0
$507,535.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$925.0
($8,834.0)
($7,909.0)
$111.0
$182.0
($539.0)
$2,690.0
$1,454.0
$12.0
($1,408.0)
$2,922.0
($411.0)
$5,013.0
$13,767.0
($2,293.0)
$1,269.0
($3,016.0)
$9,727.0
($5,286.0)
$1,715.0
$736.0
$2,233.0
$0.0
$9,125.0
249
-------
Program Project
Pesticides Licensing
Pesticides: Protect Human Health
from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Protect the Environment
from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Realize the Value of
Pesticide Availability
Science Policy and Biotechnology
Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA)
RCRA: Waste Management
eManifest
RCRA: Waste
Management (other
activities)
Subtotal, RCRA: Waste
Management
RCRA: Corrective Action
RCRA: Waste Minimization &
Recycling
Subtotal, Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)
Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
Endocrine Disrupters
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk
Review and Reduction
Pollution Prevention Program
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk
Management
Toxic Substances: Lead Risk
Reduction Program
Subtotal, Toxics Risk Review and
Prevention
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST /
UST)
LUST/UST
Water: Ecosystems
FY2010
Enacted
$62,944.0
$42,203.0
$13,145.0
$1,840.0
$120,132.0
$0.0
$68,842.0
$68,842.0
$40,029.0
$14,379.0
$123,250.0
$8,625.0
$54,886.0
$18,050.0
$6,025.0
$14,329.0
$101,915.0
$12,424.0
FY2010
Actuals
$62,696.4
$41,584.5
$13,508.9
$1,349.5
$119,139.3
$0.0
$71,171.2
$71,171.2
$39,366.0
$13,063.3
$123,600.5
$8,513.2
$53,458.7
$18,014.5
$7,193.0
$13,429.3
$100,608.7
$12,833.9
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$62,944.0
$42,203.0
$13,145.0
$1,840.0
$120,132.0
$0.0
$68,842.0
$68,842.0
$40,029.0
$14,379.0
$123,250.0
$8,625.0
$54,886.0
$18,050.0
$6,025.0
$14,329.0
$101,915.0
$12,424.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$58,304.0
$37,913.0
$12,550.0
$1,756.0
$110,523.0
$2,000.0
$64,854.0
$66,854.0
$40,266.0
$9,751.0
$116,871.0
$8,268.0
$70,939.0
$15,653.0
$6,105.0
$14,332.0
$115,297.0
$12,866.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($4,640.0)
($4,290.0)
($595.0)
($84.0)
($9,609.0)
$2,000.0
($3,988.0)
($1,988.0)
$237.0
($4,628.0)
($6,379.0)
($357.0)
$16,053.0
($2,397.0)
$80.0
$3.0
$13,382.0
$442.0
250
-------
Program Project
Great Lakes Legacy Act
National Estuary Program / Coastal
Waterways
Wetlands
Subtotal, Water: Ecosystems
Water: Human Health Protection
Beach / Fish Programs
Drinking Water Programs
Subtotal, Water: Human Health
Protection
Water Quality Protection
Marine Pollution
Surface Water Protection
Subtotal, Water Quality Protection
Congressional Priorities
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Subtotal, Congressionally
Mandated Projects
TOTAL, EPA
FY2010
Enacted
$0.0
$32,567.0
$25,940.0
$58,507.0
$2,944.0
$102,224.0
$105,168.0
$13,397.0
$208,626.0
$222,023.0
$16,950.0
$16,950.0
$2,993,779.0
FY2010
Actuals
$33,030.3
$29,796.8
$27,130.2
$89,957.3
$2,981.4
$99,394.2
$102,375.6
$9,783.7
$201,136.3
$210,920.0
$29,700.0
$29,700.0
$2,988,874.6
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$0.0
$32,567.0
$25,940.0
$58,507.0
$2,944.0
$102,224.0
$105,168.0
$13,397.0
$208,626.0
$222,023.0
$16,950.0
$16,950.0
$2,993,779.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$27,058.0
$27,368.0
$54,426.0
$2,708.0
$104,616.0
$107,324.0
$13,417.0
$212,069.0
$225,486.0
$0.0
$0.0
$2,876,634.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$0.0
($5,509.0)
$1,428.0
($4,081.0)
($236.0)
$2,392.0
$2,156.0
$20.0
$3,443.0
$3,463.0
($16,950.0)
($16,950.0)
($117,145.0)
251
-------
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
252
-------
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$20,791.0
$9,963.0
$30,754.0
88.6
FY2010
Actuals
$20,664.3
$9,329.3
$29,993.6
83.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$20,791.0
$9,963.0
$30,754.0
88.6
FY2012
Pres Budget
$20,842.0
$9,797.0
$30,639.0
86.7
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$51.0
($166.0)
($115.0)
-1.9
Program Project Description:
The Acid Rain Program, established under Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,
requires major reductions in sulfur dioxide (802) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from the
U.S. electric power generation industry. The program continues to be recognized as a model for
flexible and effective air pollution regulation, both in this country and abroad. The 862 program
uses a market-based approach with tradable units called "allowances" (one allowance authorizes
the emission of one ton of SC>2 in a given or later year). The authorizing legislation sets a
permanent cap on the total amount of SO2 that may be emitted annually by affected electric
generation units (EGUs) in the contiguous U.S. The program was phased in, with the final 862
cap beginning in 2010 set at 8.95 million tons, a level at approximately one-half the amount
these sources emitted in 1980. Both the SC>2 and NOX program components require accurate and
verifiable measurement of emissions.
The program also is responsible for implementing U.S. commitments under the US-Canada Air
Quality Agreement of 1991 to reduce and maintain lower SC>2 and NOX emissions. EPA's Acid
Rain Program provides affected sources flexibility to select their own methods of compliance so
the required emission reductions are achieved at the lowest cost (both to industry and
government). For additional information on the Acid Rain Program, please visit
http ://www. epa.gov/acidrain.
In 2009, total SC>2 emissions from 3,572 affected EGUs were 5.7 million tons, over 3 million
tons below the statutory annual permanent cap.1 Total NOX emissions were 2.0 million tons, a
drop of 1.0 million tons from 2008. Despite this significant achievement, EPA health studies and
ecological assessments, analyses by the Interagency National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP),2 and data from long-term monitoring networks all indicate that further
reductions in 862 and NOX emissions, beyond those specified in Title IV, are necessary to allow
1 US EPA, Acid Rain and Related Programs: Acid Rain and Related Programs: 2009 Highlights,, December 2010
(http://www.epa.gov/airmarkwts/progress/ARP09_4.html'l. Pages 1-4.
2 National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An Integrated Assessment. 2005.
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/resource/docs/NAPAP.pdfPages 65-73.
253
-------
sensitive forests and aquatic ecosystems to recover from acidification. The program's
environmental objective to improve affected ecosystems cannot be attained without more
reductions in 862 and NOX, the key pollutants involved in the formation of acid rain. These
assessments also show that significant additional reductions in these emissions are needed for
many areas in the U.S. to achieve and maintain health-based protective air quality standards for
fine particulate matter (PM^.s) and ozone. The NAPAP Report to Congress estimates these
additional reductions need to be 40-80 percent.3
At the request of the states, EPA administered the NOX Budget Program (NBP), a regional cap-
and-trade program for reducing NOX emissions and transported ozone in the eastern U.S., for
over a decade. The NBP was established initially in the late 1990s, under a Memorandum of
Understanding among nine states and Washington D.C., in the Northeast Ozone Transport
Region (OTR). These states recognized the efficiencies and economies of scale associated with
centrally-administered systems for allowance trading, emissions reporting, and true-
up/compliance determination, so they sought EPA's expertise to establish and operate these
systems for their market-based program. The NBP expanded under the NOX State
Implementation Plan (SIP) call, which operated from 2003 - 2008. Twelve (12) states from the
Midwest and Southeast were added and the number of affected sources doubled. Affected
sources included boilers, turbines, and combined cycle units from a diverse set of industries as
well as utility EGUs.
In 2009, the NBP transitioned under the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) to the CAIR seasonal
NOX program for control of transported ozone pollution and summer NOX emissions.
Approximately 600 units in six additional states, which were not subject to NBP, reported
emissions data for compliance with the seasonal CAIR NOX program and participated in the
EPA-administered regional allowance trading program. Ozone season NOX emissions fell in
every state in the program. Units in the seasonal program reduced their overall NOX emissions
from 689,000 tons in 2008 to 495,000 tons in 2009. A 22 percent improvement in emission rate
coupled with an 11 percent drop in heat input accounted for this reduction. States and sources in
the CAIR seasonal NOX program that contribute to ozone pollution in downwind states will be
transit!oning in 2012 into the seasonal NOx program under the Transport Rule for ozone
control.4
The National Academy of Sciences5 commended EPA on its Acid Rain Accountability Program,
which relies on the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) for monitoring
deposition, ambient sulfate and nitrate concentrations, and other air quality indicators and uses
the Temporally Integrated Monitoring of Ecosystems (TIME) and Long-Term Monitoring
(LTM) Programs for assessing how water bodies and aquatic ecosystems are responding to
reductions in sulfur and nitrogen emissions. The Acid Rain Accountability Program issues
comprehensive annual reports on compliance and environmental results from implementation of
the Acid Rain and CAIR trading programs. These reports track progress in not only reducing
SO2 and NOX emissions from the affected sources, but also assess the impacts of these reductions
3 National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An Integrated Assessment. 2005.
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/resource/docs/NAPAP.pdfPage 73.
4 Please visit http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/progress/progress-reports.html for additional information on the CAIR seasonal NOX
program.
5 National Academy of Sciences Report: Air Quality Management in the United States. 2004. www.nap.edu/catalog/10728.html
254
-------
on acid deposition, air quality (e.g., ozone levels), surface water acidity, forest health, and other
environmental indicators.
Reducing emissions of 862 and NOX continues to be a crucial component of EPA's strategy for
cleaner air. Particulate matter can be formed from direct sources (such as diesel exhaust or
smoke), but also can be formed through chemical reactions in the air. Emissions of SC>2 and NOX
can be chemically transformed into sulfates and nitrates ("acid rain paniculate"), which are very
tiny particles that can be carried, by winds, hundreds of miles. When inhaled, these fine particles
can cause serious respiratory problems, particularly for individuals who suffer from asthma or
are in sensitive populations. Numerous studies have even linked these exposures with premature
mortality from heart and lung diseases. These same small particles also are a main pollutant that
impairs visibility across large areas of the country, particularly damaging in national parks
known for their scenic views.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012; the program is projected to measure, quality assure, and track emissions for SC>2
and/or NOX from Continuous Emissions Monitoring systems (CEMs) or equivalent direct
measurement methods at over 4,600 EGUs. In addition, the program will conduct audits and
certify emission monitors. Allowance transfers are recorded in electronic tracking systems and
the allowances held are reconciled against emissions for all affected sources to ensure
compliance.
Nitrogen dioxide emissions also contribute substantially to the formation of ground-level ozone.
Ozone, when inhaled in sufficient concentrations, can cause serious respiratory problems.
Achieving and maintaining EPA's national air quality standards is an important step towards
ensuring the air is safe to breathe. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to work with states, tribes, and
local government partners toward this goal.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(A01) Maintain annual
emissions of sulfur
dioxide (SO2) from
electric power
generation sources
nationwide at or below
6 million tons
FY 2010
Target
8,450,000
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
8,450,000
FY 2012
Target
6,000,000
Units
Tons
EPA tracks the annual emissions of SC>2 from utility electric power generation sources
nationwide to assess the effectiveness of the Acid Rain and related programs with annual
performance targets.
255
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$252.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$114.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$66.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several agencywide IT projects such as
email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk standardization, and others
totaling $10 million agencywide. Savings in individual areas may be offset by increased
mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
(-$21.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-1.9 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
Statutory Authority:
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-7661f).
256
-------
Climate Protection Program
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Address Climate Change
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$113,044.0
$19,797.0
$132,841.0
226.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$109,726.1
$20,126.8
$129,852.9
243.8
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$113,044.0
$19,797.0
$132,841.0
226.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$111,419.0
$16,345.0
$127,764.0
258.4
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($1,625.0)
($3,452.0)
($5,077.0)
32.4
Program Project Description:
EPA's Climate Protection Program promotes efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
through voluntary programs, and supports the Administration's priority of taking action on
climate change. It also provides technical assistance and online reporting tools for regulated
facilities to report annual greenhouse gas emissions in support of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Program.
EPA's voluntary public-private partnership programs are designed to capitalize on the cost-
effective opportunities that consumers, businesses, and organizations have to invest in
greenhouse gas reducing technologies, policies, and practices. These investments avoid
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from power plants, mobile sources, and various other sources.
EPA's Climate Protection Program has achieved real reductions of carbon dioxide (CC^) and
other greenhouse gases, such as methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated greenhouse gases -
including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SFe).
EPA's climate change programs promote energy efficiency and emissions reductions of non-CC>2
greenhouse gases. Actions taken today will continue to deliver environmental and economic
benefits for many years to come, since the investments made by EPA partners as a result of EPA
programs often have lifetimes of ten years or more. For every dollar spent by EPA on its
voluntary climate change partnership programs, EPA estimates that the programs have reduced
greenhouse gas emissions by up to 1.0 metric ton of carbon equivalent (3.67 tons of CC^),
delivered more than $75 in energy bill savings, and facilitated more than $15 in private sector
investment.6 This is based upon cumulative reductions since 1995.
EPA manages a number of voluntary efforts, such as the ENERGY STAR program, SmartWay
Transport Partnership, clean energy partnerships, and multiple programs on non-CC>2 greenhouse
gases, all of which remove barriers in the marketplace in order to deploy cost-effective
6 Climate Protection Partnerships Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009.
http://www.energvstar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/2009%20CPPD%20Annual%20Report.pdf
257
-------
technologies faster. EPA programs do not provide financial subsidies. Instead, they work by
overcoming widely acknowledged barriers to energy efficiency and deployment of GHG
reduction measures such as: lack of clear, reliable information on technology opportunities; lack
of awareness of energy efficient products, services, and transportation choices; and the need for
additional incentives for manufacturers to invest in efficiency research and development.
EPA started the ENERGY STAR program in 1992. The program achieves significant and
growing greenhouse gas reductions by dismantling identifiable and pervasive market barriers
stifling the adoption of cost-effective, energy-efficient technologies and practices in the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
joined with EPA and assumed specific ENERGY STAR program responsibilities for several
product categories. A new Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on September 30,
2009 by EPA and the DOE. The MOU clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of EPA and
DOE and strengthens coordination between the two agencies. It builds upon the agencies'
respective areas of expertise and puts EPA in charge of the ENERGY STAR brand. EPA now
manages the specification process for all product categories (more than 60) and continues to
implement the new and existing homes programs. For commercial buildings, EPA is the brand
manager when ENERGY STAR is applied to whole buildings, including marketing, outreach,
monitoring and verification and performance levels. DOE supports ENERGY STAR with
product testing and verification, including referring any products that fail its tests to EPA for
enforcement action, and manages building test procedures, establishment of a commercial
building asset rating and a master database of buildings, among other responsibilities. The
ENERGY STAR program continues to yield significant results. In 2009 alone, Americans, with
the help of ENERGY STAR, prevented more than 168 million metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (MMTCO2E), saving $17 billion on their annual utility bills. ENERGY STAR is on
track to avoid 190 MMTCO2E of greenhouse gases in 2012. 7
EPA also manages the implementation of the Global Methane Initiative (GMI), formerly called
the Methane to Markets program, a U.S. led, international public-private partnership that brings
together 38 Partner governments and over 1,000 public and private sector organizations to
advance methane recovery and use as a clean energy source. GMI builds on the success of
EPA's domestic methane programs and focuses on advancing project development at agriculture
operations, coal mines, landfills, and oil and gas systems. In 2012, EPA will be working with its
partners to strengthen and expand the Initiative to include new resource commitments from
developed countries, explore opportunities to reduce emissions from new sources, such as
wastewater treatment, and to develop country action plans to help direct and coordinate
international efforts. As of 2011, the US is supporting over 300 projects around the world and
has leveraged over $387 million in public and private sector investments. These projects are
expected to reduce emissions by 63 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (MMTCO2E)
annually.8
EPA's SmartWay Partnership Program works with transportation technology and freight industry
partners (shippers, carriers, logistics companies) to accelerate the deployment of fuel saving, low
emission technologies and to promote GHG reductions across the global supply chain. The
7 Additional information at: www. energystar. gov
8 Additional information at: www. epa. gov/globalmethane and www.methanetomarkets. org
258
-------
SmartWay program started in February 2004 with 15 partners, and in June 2010, it passed the
2,700 partner mark. Since 2002, our SmartWay partners have saved 1.5 billion gallons of diesel
fuel, nearly 14.7 million metric tons of CO2, 215,000 tons of NOx, and over 8,000 tons of PM.
SmartWay partners have saved over $3.6 billion in fuel costs.
SmartWay is the only voluntary program working across the entire freight system to
comprehensively address GHG emissions and air pollution. Numerous states, countries,
international organizations and private companies now rely on SmartWay's supply chain tools,
testing protocols and public-private partnership approach for their freight transport efficiency
programs. California has used SmartWay verified technologies and testing protocols for their
GHG programs and numerous states have used SmartWay's model idle-reduction ordinances.
Canada, Mexico, China, and the European Union are currently using or in the process of
adopting all or many of the critical elements of the SmartWay program.
The SmartWay program has developed a unique partnership with the major class 8 truck and
trailer manufacturers, which culminated in the joint development of a SmartWay branded tractor-
trailer that achieves a 20 percent improvement in fuel efficiency. This partnership also has
provided critical information for EPA's heavy duty diesel regulatory program. All major class 8
truck and trailer manufacturers now offer at least one SmartWay model, and the SmartWay
branded vehicle has already achieved a 5 percent market penetration.
EPA manages a number of other partnership programs that tailor their approach to specific trades
or organizations in the arena of climate change. The Clean Energy-Environment State and Local
Program provides assistance to local and state governments for improving their facilities, and
leading energy efficiency-related GHG reduction efforts. EPA's Combined Heat and Power
(CHP) Partnership promotes cost-effective CHP projects, while its Green Power Partnership
supports the procurement of green power.
In addition to EPA's voluntary climate change programs, EPA provides analytical and technical
support for Congress and Administration policymakers related to national climate change and
energy policy, including support for analysis of international issues.
EPA's climate change analysis builds on the understanding of the emission and
sequestration of greenhouse gases, for all greenhouse gases and from all sectors of the
economy; and the economic, technical and policy issues related to wider deployment of
key technologies (e.g., energy efficiency, transportation, non-CC>2 greenhouse gases,
carbon capture and storage).
EPA's economic analyses cover key questions such as: which technologies could be
expected to be most effective under alternative policy scenarios and the implications of
alternative policy approaches on the U.S. economy and global competitiveness.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA will continue to implement its government/industry partnership efforts to achieve
greenhouse gas reductions. In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, these
259
-------
efforts are projected to reduce other forms of pollution, including criteria and toxic air
pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter, and mercury by accelerating
the adoption of energy efficient products and practices.
EPA will have completed the phase out of the Climate Leaders program at the end of FY
2011. In FY 2012, EPA will still support the General Services Administration's pilot to
assist small federal suppliers in developing their GHG inventories. EPA will conduct
technical trainings, review inventories submitted by pilot participants and maintain the
list of participants on the EPA website.
EPA will continue to implement the ENERGY STAR program across the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors consistent with the EPA/DOE MOU:
o Accelerating the rate that product specifications are updated in terms of stringency.
For product categories with rapidly evolving models (e.g., consumer electronics,
office equipment), specifications will be updated about every two years and, where
appropriate, will include out-year specification criteria so that industry can
anticipate upcoming revisions. For all other product categories, EPA will
consistently monitor market share and launch revisions, as appropriate.
o Pursuing comprehensive enhancements for ENERGY STAR product qualification
and verification. The process began in 2010 and FY 2012 will be the first full year
of implementation. Enhancements include:
All ENERGY STAR qualified products will be certified as meeting
program requirements by an accredited third-party certification body.
Certification will include qualification testing before product labeling as
well as post-market verification testing to confirm that products continue
to meet program requirements.
All product testing will be conducted in EPA-recognized laboratories that
have demonstrated technical competence, strong quality management
processes, and impartiality towards test results.
EPA will continue to solicit applications from accreditation bodies,
laboratories, and certification bodies that wish to participate in the
program. Requirements for EPA recognition of these organizations will
build upon international standards, including provisions that they
demonstrate impartiality.
o Reviewing ENERGY STAR product categories to ensure that they are still
appropriate; process began in 2010 and will be complete in 2011.
o Enhancing the use of the ENERGY STAR label on products by adding products
to the program.
260
-------
o Strengthening the ENERGY STAR New Homes program by implementing the next
version of the ENERGY STAR specification (version 3) by 2012 to provide a
business advantage for builders in a soft market and great benefits to homeowners
including additional installation checklists for HVAC equipment, insulation and
water management to achieve better quality control of comfort and energy savings
benefits. In addition, EPA will be working with DOE to consolidate the existing
homes program at DOE.
o Expanding ENERGY STAR programs that improve the installation of products
such as heating and cooling equipment whose efficiency is greatly affected by
installation practices.
o Expanding efforts to promote improvement of commercial buildings and industrial
facilities through EPA's ENERGY STAR tools, resource, and outreach campaigns.
o Engaging regional, state, and utility energy efficiency programs and smaller trade
associations in the new ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry as a primary
method of reaching diffuse industries and small and medium enterprises while
continuing with the ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses.
o Expanding building performance with ENERGY STAR to offer consistent whole
building assessments to utilities and service providers.
The FY 2012 Budget Request for the ENERGY STAR program totals $55.6 million.
EPA will continue the SmartWay Transport Partnership to increase energy efficiency and
lower emissions of freight transportation through verification, promotion, and low-cost
financing of advanced technologies including anti-idling technologies, lower rolling
resistance tires, improved aerodynamic truck designs, and improved freight logistics.
SmartWay also will expand its efforts to:
o develop GHG accounting protocols for heavy-duty diesel trucks and explore
opportunities to evolve protocols for the multimodal freight supply chain network;
o
promote SmartWay certified light duty and heavy duty vehicles that meet
SmartWay's criteria for environmentally superior performance;
o expand our SmartWay partner recruiting efforts while streamlining partner
management processes;
o update, as needed, federal guidance on low GHG-emitting vehicles for
implementation of Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) Section 141
Federal vehicle purchase requirements;
o continue to provide expertise and serve as a technical test bed in support of the
Agency's future policy direction for greenhouse gas emissions; and
261
-------
o promote the adoption of SmartWay methods and tools internationally through
stakeholder development, information sharing, and collaboration on pilot projects.
The FY 2012 Budget Request for the SmartWay Transport Partnership program totals $2.7
million.
Continue the Global Methane Initiative (GMI) and enhance public-private sector
cooperation to reduce global methane emissions and deliver clean energy to markets.
EPA will be supporting the development and implementation of methane recovery and
use projects at landfills, agricultural waste operations, coal mines, wastewater, and
natural gas and oil facilities in key developing countries and countries with economies in
transition. EPA support will involve identifying and addressing technical, institutional,
legal, regulatory and other barriers to project development and will be targeted to
leverage investments and assistance provided by the private sector and other partners
through the GMI's country action plans. The FY 2012 Budget Request for the Global
Methane Initiative totals $5.7 million.
Continue policy and technical assistance to developing countries and countries with
economies-in-transition to monitor, report, and verify greenhouse gas emissions and
sequestration through cost-effective measures and assist in the fulfillment of the U.S.
obligations under the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Continue to address several critical air and climate-related issues related to commercial
scale deployment of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology, implementing
the recommendations of the President's Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage.
These issues and related activities include, but are not limited to: creating a strong
regulatory framework for all stages of CCS projects; addressing issues for the long-term
stewardship at sequestration sites; evaluating technical and economic implications of
applying carbon dioxide capture to currently regulated industry sectors, including the
potential for increases or decreases in emissions of other criteria pollutants resulting from
CCS retrofits; and collaborating with other agencies to address issues pertaining to public
understanding and acceptance of the technology.
Continue to implement the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. Established in October
2009, this program has a total of 31 sectors of which 11 were added in 2010. The
Agency expects efforts by both headquarters and regional offices to implement this
program for approximately 13,000 reporters. The first annual reports from the largest
GHG emitting facilities (-10,000 reporters), covering calendar year 2010, will be
submitted to EPA on March 31, 2011. Reports for the sectors added in 2010 (-3,000
reporters) will be due in March 2012. In order to prepare for this, focus areas in FY 2012
for the GHG Reporting Rule will include:
o expanding the database management systems for the new sectors and updating it as
necessary for the existing reporters;
262
-------
o verifying reported data, through a combination of electronic reviews and on-site
audits and developing and deploying verification protocols for new sectors;
o providing guidance and training to reporters from the newly added sectors and
using the results of verification to focus the training and outreach to existing
reporters to ensure that they report in an accurate and timely manner; and
o developing the data publication tools to share the reported data with the public,
within the Federal Government, with state and local governments, and with
reporting entities to support improved understanding of both emission levels and
opportunities for GHG reductions. First publication of the data will occur on June
15,2011.
In FY 2012, the budget request for the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule is $17.7 million.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(G02) Million metric
tons of carbon
equivalent
(MMTCO2e) of
greenhouse gas
reductions in the
buildings sector.
FY 2010
Target
143
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
156.9
FY 2012
Target
168.7
Units
MMTCO2e
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(G06) Million metric
tons of carbon
equivalent
(MMTCO2e) of
greenhouse gas
reductions in the
transportation sector.
FY 2010
Target
15.8
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
26.4
FY 2012
Target
41.4
Units
MMTCO2e
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(G16) Million metric
tons of carbon
equivalent
(MMTCO2e) of
greenhouse gas
reductions in the
industry sector.
FY 2010
Target
304
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
346.2
FY 2012
Target
372.9
Units
MMTCO2e
263
-------
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(G17) Percentage of
registered facilities that
submit required and
complete GHG data by
the annual reporting
deadline of March 3 1 .
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
100
Units
Percent
There are over 20 climate change programs that work with the private sector to cost effectively
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate energy efficiency improvements. Each sector
(buildings, industry and transportation) has performance and efficiency measures to track the
amount of greenhouse gas emissions that are reduced as a result of the program's efforts.
Work under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program supports the Agency's Priority Goal,
addressing measuring and controlling Greenhouse Gases. A list of the Agency's Priority Goals
can be found in Appendix A. For a detailed description of the EPA's Priority Goals
(implementation strategy, measures and milestones) please visit www.Performance.gov.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$2,270.07 -20.7 FTE) This decrease in FTE for "other climate change programs"
represents an adjustment to the FY 2010 base budget for both the ENERGY STAR
program and "other climate change programs" of -13.2 FTE as well as a shift of-7.5 FTE
to support the Global Methane Initiative.
(+$3,022.07 +24.2 FTE) This increase in FTE for the ENERGY STAR program
represents an adjustment to the FY 2010 base budget for both the ENERGY STAR
program and the "other climate change programs" of+13.2 FTE from within the program
project, as well as a request for an additional +11.0 FTE to expand the ENERGY STAR
program across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The total increase
includes an additional $3,148.0 in payroll and $43.0 in travel.
(+$1,047.07 +7.5 FTE) This increase in FTE reflects a shift in resources from "other
climate change program" activities to support the Global Methane Initiative (formerly the
Methane to Markets program). The request includes $1,037.0 in additional payroll
funding.
(+$2,461.07 +20.0 FTE) These resources are requested to support the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule, including 20.0 FTE with associated payroll of $2,797.0. Of the 20 FTE,
10 FTE will handle the general reporting and verification workload across the many
industry sectors and emission sources and 10 FTE will work with states and follow-up on
specific issues. Funding will decrease by $336.Ok as we complete some initial systems
work.
264
-------
(-$1,500.0) This reflects funding that was transferred from the EPM appropriation to the
STAG appropriation to support the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GGRP). The
STAG funds will be used by states to facilitate the collection, review and use of
greenhouse gas emissions data collected under EPA's GGRP and linked state-based
reporting programs.
(-$5,000.0) This reflects a reduction in analytical assistance, such as economic modeling
of proposed climate and energy legislation and policy scenarios.
(-$1,515.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$1,086.0) This reduction reflects the phase out of the Climate Leaders program at the
end of FY 2011.
(+$2,000.07 +2.0 FTE) This increase reflects the work to implement the
recommendations of the President's Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and
Storage. Total funding includes $280.0 in payroll costs and $7.0 in travel funding.
Funds will support efforts to identify, analyze and address key gaps to near-term and
long-term demonstration and deployment of CCS technologies. Funds will support
development and implementation of a comprehensive public outreach strategy.
(+$882.0) This increase reflects increased extramural support for outreach and
communication for EPA's voluntary climate change programs.
(-0.6 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(-$100.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$66.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several Agencywide IT projects such as
email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk standardization, and others
totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in individual areas may be offset by increased
mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
(+$500.0) This reflects resources for web tools and technology infrastructure to support
activities across the program.
265
-------
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. - Sections 102, 103, 104 and 108; Pollution
Prevention Act (PPA), 42 U.S.C. 13101 et seq. - Sections 6602, 6603, 6604 and 6605; National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. - Section 102; Grand Canyon
Protection Act (GCPA), 15 U.S.C. 2901 - Section 1103; Federal Technology Transfer Act
(FTTA), 15 U.S.C. - Section 3701a; CWA, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq. - Section 104; SWDA, 42
U.S.C. 6901 et seq.- Section 8001; EPA, 42 U.S.C. 16104 et seq.
266
-------
Federal Stationary Source Regulations
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Address Climate Change; Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$27,158.0
$27,158.0
105.8
FY2010
Actuals
$26,195.8
$26,195.8
100.6
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$27,158.0
$27,158.0
105.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$34,096.0
$34,096.0
135.7
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$6,938.0
$6,938.0
29.9
Program Project Description:
Under the Clean Air Act (CAA), EPA is responsible for setting, reviewing, and revising National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six common pollutants and for setting emission
standards for sources of these "criteria" pollutants. These national standards form the foundation
for air quality management and establish goals that protect public health and the environment.
The CAA established two types of NAAQS: primary standards set limits to protect public
health, including the health of sensitive populations such as asthmatics and the elderly; and
secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, including protection against decreased
visibility and damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings. The six pollutants for which
EPA has established NAAQS include: paniculate matter (PM), ozone, sulfur dioxide (862),
nitrogen dioxide (NC^), carbon monoxide (CO), and lead.
This program also includes activities directed toward reducing air emissions of toxic pollutants
from stationary sources. Specifically, this program provides for the development of control
technology-based standards for major sources (i.e., Maximum Achievable Control Technology -
MACT standards) and area sources, the development of standards of performance and emissions
guidelines for waste combustion sources, the assessment and regulation of residual risk
remaining after implementation of the control technology-based standards, the periodic review
and revision of the control technology-based standards, and associated national guidance and
outreach. The program also includes issuing, reviewing, and periodically revising, as necessary,
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for criteria and certain listed pollutants, setting
standards to limit emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from consumer and
commercial products, and establishing Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)
through issuance and periodic review and revision of control technique guidelines (CTG).
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Activities described within Federal Stationary Source Regulations support the Improving Air
Quality and Addressing Climate Change objectives in the Strategic Plan.
267
-------
Addressing Climate Change
In 2012, EPA will develop NSPS for sources of greenhouse gases for utilities and refineries,
consistent with the requirements of the CAA. Using emission inventory data, EPA will
determine feasible emission control within a reasonable timeframe and where significant
emission reductions could be achieved cost-effectively. The regulatory development will include
developing emission estimates, evaluating costs of control, and to the extent possible,
quantifying economic, environmental, and energy impacts. The NSPS will address carbon
dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in conjunction with the revision of NSPS for other
regulated pollutants.
Improving Air Quality
In 2012, EPA will continue reviewing criteria pollutant standards in accordance with an
aggressive multi-year schedule. The Agency has recently accelerated the schedule for completing
NAAQS reviews in order to meet the five-year deadline in the CAA for reviewing the standards
for each pollutant. Conducting seven concurrent reviews under this aggressive schedule requires
substantial investment in highly trained staff and the allocation of significant analytical resources
toward the NAAQS review process. Each review involves extensive scientific peer review by
EPA scientific and technical experts, the design and conduct of complex risk and exposure
analyses, a complete policy assessment, and consultation with external scientific experts at each
stage of the review process.
In addition to reviewing existing standards, work is currently underway to achieve and maintain
compliance with the ozone standard to be established in 2011, the ozone standards established in
1997, and 1979; the 1997 PMio and PM2.5 standards, the 2006 PM2.5 standard; the 2008 lead
standard; the 2010 NO2 standard; the 1971 CO standard; and the 2010 SO2 standard. In addition,
planning has begun for implementation requirements relating to revisions to the NAAQS for CO
and PM, and the secondary NAAQS for NO2 and SO2, which are all under review.
Between 2010 and 2012, EPA faces an agenda of 310 stationary source rules due for review and
promulgation, 50 of which are on a court-ordered deadline or in litigation. Currently, 131 of
these rules are in some stage of development within EPA. Additional litigation over pending or
already-missed deadlines is expected. Since 1990, EPA has published 96 MACT standards
covering 187 pollutants emitted from 174 industrial categories. However, a number of these
rules have been found deficient by the courts, necessitating substantial revisions and mandating
significant additional effort in the future by EPA for stationary source standards.
Air toxics are pollutants known to cause or suspected of causing cancer, birth defects,
reproductive effects or other serious health problems. Based on the latest National Air Toxics
Assessment, EPA estimates that approximately 220 excess cancer cases per year may result from
the inhalation of air toxics from outdoor sources, and of this total 40 to 110 cases can be
attributable, directly or indirectly, to HAP emissions from stationary sources regulated by EPA.
To reduce or eliminate the unacceptable health risks and cumulative exposures to air toxics from
multiple sources in affected communities and to fulfill its statutory and court-ordered
obligations, EPA will continue to pursue opportunities to meet multiple CAA requirements for
268
-------
stationary sources in more integrated ways in 2012. For example, where the CAA requires that
the Agency take multiple regulatory actions that affect the same industry, EPA will consider
aligning the timing of these rulemaking actions to take advantage of synergies between the
multiple rules, where feasible. Coordinating such actions allows us to meet multiple CAA
objectives for controlling both criteria and hazardous air pollutants while considering cost
effectiveness and technical feasibility of controls.
Reductions in emissions from prioritized sectors such as: petroleum refining; utilities; and oil
and gas will reduce emissions of air toxics, help ozone nonattainment areas, and enhance our
climate change efforts. Additional controls at these sources also will reduce emissions near
affected communities, including low income and minority communities. EPA also will address
programmatic elements, including court-vacated rules that apply across many industrial sources,
such as exemptions for start-up, shutdown and malfunction and the collection and application of
the best available data. EPA has reviewed existing regulations to identify potential emissions
monitoring deficiencies and the Agency has embarked upon a course to correct those, including
the application of new, advanced monitoring technologies. Additional resources will enable the
Agency to propose new regulations that would allow facilities to report compliance data
electronically.
Current State of the Air
Toxics Program
+300 rules need to be under
development by FY 2012
50 are under legal deadline
Almost 200 will be past their
statutory deadline by FY 2012
+100 need to be re-issued or
amended to adhere to court
opinions
Significant resources are needed to fulfill legal and statutory deadline obligations to complete
certain MACT and waste incineration standards, to issue residual risk and technology review
standards for MACT categories, to review and revise NSPS, and to issue control technique
guidelines for control of VOCs.
EPA will engage in rulemaking efforts regarding Petroleum Refineries NSPS; Petroleum
Refineries MACT I and II; Uniform Standards and the GHG NSPS. To address standards that
are part of the residual risk litigation settlement, EPA also will accomplish significant progress in
issuing standards for the following categories: Aerospace; Secondary Aluminum; Primary
269
-------
Aluminum; Wool Fiberglass; Polymers and Resins IV; Pesticides Production; Polyether
Production; Ferroalloys Production; Secondary Lead Smelting; Pulp and Paper; Mineral Wool;
Wood Furniture; Polyether Polyols; and, Primary Lead Smelting.
In addition to existing CAA and court-ordered mandates, EPA is required to periodically review
and revise both the list of air toxics subject to regulation and the list of source categories for
which standards must be developed. Available information strongly indicates that this
requirement will add significantly to EPA's already-substantial regulatory burden over time. For
example, if during the course of a regulatory review EPA acquires information demonstrating the
existence of a number of potentially significant unregulated emission points, the Agency would
potentially develop standards for additional source categories.
Regulatory Trends for Stationary Source
Air Toxics 2000-2013:
2000*2001*2002*2003*2004*2005*2006*2007*2008*2009*2010 2011 20122013
Year
The figure above represents the number of stationary source rules that the Agency has issued
and rules that are due through 2013. In the chart above: NSPS refers to New Source
Performance Standards, CTG/183(e) are national volatile organic compound (VOC) rules or
control technology guidelines. Area sources are sources that emit less than 10 tons annually of a
single hazardous air pollutant or less than 25 tons annually of a combination of hazardous air
pollutants (HAPs), andMACT/129 refers to standards for larger emitters of HAPs or solid waste
combustion units.
270
-------
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(001) Cumulative
percentage reduction in
tons of toxicity-
weighted (for cancer
risk) emissions of air
toxics from 1993
baseline.
FY 2010
Target
36
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
36
FY 2012
Target
37
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(002) Cumulative
percentage reduction in
tons of toxicity-
weighted (for non-
cancer risk) emissions
of air toxics from 1993
baseline.
FY 2010
Target
59
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
59
FY 2012
Target
59
Units
Percent
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$7,551.07 +15.0 FTE) This reflects increased resources, including 15.0 FTE and
associated payroll, to support development of New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) to address Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) as required by the Clean Air Act. This
includes associated payroll of $1,982.0.
(+$837.07 +6.2 FTE) This reflects increased resources to develop rulemaking that would
modify how facilities report compliance data, including 6.2 FTE with associated payroll
of $818.0.
(+$1,419.07 +10.5 FTE) This reflects increased resources, including 10.5 FTE with
associated payroll of $1387.0 and travel of $32.0, to support development of regulations
that are needed to meet court-ordered deadlines, including MACT standards that have
been found deficient by the courts.
(-$2,293.0) This reflects a reduction to contract support and general program expenses.
* (+$127.07 -1.8 FTE) This funding increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce
costs for existing FTE, and a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization rates.
(-$195.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several agencywide IT projects such
as email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk standardization, and others
271
-------
totaling $10 million Agencywide. Savings in individual areas may be offset by increased
mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
(-$508.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-7661f).
272
-------
Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Address Climate Change; Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$99,619.0
$11,443.0
$111,062.0
714.7
FY2010
Actuals
$103,224.6
$12,480.6
$115,705.2
707.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$99,619.0
$11,443.0
$111,062.0
714.7
FY2012
Pres Budget
$133,822.0
$7,650.0
$141,472.0
850.6
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$34,203.0
($3,793.0)
$30,410.0
135.9
Program Project Description:
This Federal Support for Air Quality Management Program assists state, tribal, and local air
pollution control agencies in the development, implementation, and evaluation of programs to
implement the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), establish standards for
reducing air toxics, and sustain the visibility protection program. EPA develops federal
measures and regional strategies that help to reduce emissions from stationary and mobile
sources; however, states and tribes have the primary responsibility for developing clean air
measures necessary to meet the NAAQS and protect visibility. EPA partners with states, tribes,
and local governments to create a comprehensive compliance program to ensure that multi -
source and multi-pollutant reduction targets and air quality improvement objectives, including
consideration of environmental justice issues, are met and sustained.
For each of the six criteria pollutants, EPA tracks two kinds of air pollution trends: air pollutant
concentrations based on actual measurements in the ambient (outside) air at selected monitoring
sites throughout the country, and emissions based on engineering estimates or measurements of
the total tons of pollutants released into the air each year. EPA works with state and local
governments to ensure the technical integrity of source controls in State Implementation Plans
(SIPs), and assists in identifying the most cost-effective control options available, including
consideration of multi-pollutant reductions and innovative strategies. This Federal Support
Program includes working with other federal agencies to ensure a coordinated approach, and
working with other countries to address pollution sources outside U.S. borders that pose risks to
public health and the environment within the U.S. This program also supports the development
of risk assessment methodologies for the criteria air pollutants.
Toxic air pollutants are known to cause or suspected of causing increased risk of cancer and
other serious health effects. This Federal Support Program assists state, tribal, and local air
pollution control agencies in reducing air toxic emissions through modeling, inventories,
monitoring, assessments, and strategies. EPA also supports programs that reduce inhalation risk
and deposition to water bodies and ecosystems (e.g., the Great Waters program), facilitate
international cooperation to reduce transboundary and intercontinental air toxics pollution,
273
-------
develop and update the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), develop risk assessment
methodologies for toxic air pollutants, and provide training for air pollution professionals. In
addition, the program includes activities for the implementation of federal air toxics standards
and for the triennial National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA).
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Improving Air Quality
Particulate Matter (PM) is linked to tens of thousands of premature deaths per year and repeated
exposure to ozone can cause acute respiratory problems and lead to permanent lung damage.
Elevated levels of lead in children have been associated with IQ loss, poor academic
achievement, and delinquent behavior, while effects in adults include increased blood pressure
and cardiovascular disease, and decreased kidney function. Implementing the PM and
reconsidered ozone NAAQS are among the Agency's highest priorities. In FY 2012, EPA will
continue to support these standards by taking federal oversight actions and by developing
regulations and policies to ensure continued health protection during the transition between the
pre-existing and new standards. EPA will provide technical and policy assistance to states
developing or revising attainment SIPs and will designate areas as attainment or nonattainment.
While EPA proceeds with the proposed transport rule to replace the Clean Air Interstate Rule
(CAIR), the Agency will continue implementing Phase I of the existing CAIR to ensure that
PM2.s and ozone reductions are maximized and to support attainment of these standards. EPA
will work with states to develop information needed to designate areas for the revised lead, 862
and NC>2 standards. EPA also will provide technical and policy assistance to states developing
regional haze implementation plans. EPA will continue to review and act on SIP submissions in
accordance with the Clean Air Act (CAA).
EPA continues to implement recommendations of the National Research Council, including: (1)
developing a more integrated multiple pollutant management framework that incorporates
criteria and toxic air pollutants, (2) incorporating ecosystem impacts, community effects, and
future air quality and climate interactions, and (3) assessing the progress of air programs through
an accountability framework. EPA will continue to implement, as appropriate, key reform
recommendations of the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee's Subcommittee on Air Quality
Management, including working with selected state and local agencies on alternative approaches
to air quality planning.
In FY 2012, EPA will provide assistance to state, local, and tribal agencies in implementing
national programs and assessing their effectiveness. EPA uses a broad suite of analytical tools
such as source characterization analyses, emission factors and inventories, statistical analyses,
source apportionment techniques, quality assurance protocols and audits, improved source
testing and monitoring techniques, urban and regional-scale numerical grid air quality models,
and augmented cost/benefit tools to assess control strategies (please see http://www.epa.gov/ttn
for further details). EPA will maintain these tools (e.g., integrated multiple pollutant emissions
inventory, air quality modeling platforms, etc.) to provide the technical underpinnings for more
274
-------
efficient and comprehensive air quality management and for integration with climate change
activities.
In addition, EPA will continue to implement the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy to
maintain, where possible, multiple pollutant monitoring sites to support the development and
evaluation of multiple pollutant air management strategies. This includes changes, where the
Agency deems necessary, to effectively implement revised NAAQS monitoring requirements for
ozone, lead, 862, NO2, and carbon monoxide (CO). EPA will continue development of
emissions measurement methods for condensable PM2.5 for cross-industry application to ensure
that accurate and consistent measurement methods can be employed in the NAAQS
implementation program. EPA also will continue to assist other federal agencies and state and
local governments in implementing the conformity regulations. The regulations require federal
agencies, taking actions in nonattainment and maintenance areas, to determine that the emissions
caused by their actions will conform to the SIP.
EPA will continue to participate in global and continental air quality management efforts
addressing transboundary air pollution. Additionally, EPA will continue participating in
negotiations under international treaties (i.e., the U.S.-Canada Agreement, Convention on Long-
range Transboundary Air Pollution, and Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants), and leading and participating in partnerships (e.g., the Global Mercury Programme)
to address fine particles, ozone, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants; assessing trends and
impacts on U.S. air quality using sophisticated models; and building the capacity to reduce
transboundary air pollution in key EPA Regional Offices and various nations (e.g., India, China,
Mexico, etc.).
EPA will continue to operate and maintain the Air Quality System (AQS), which houses the
nation's air quality data and allows for data and technology exchange/transfer. EPA will modify
the AQS, as necessary, to reflect new ambient monitoring regulations and to ensure that it
complies with critical programmatic needs and with EPA's architecture and data quality
requirements. The AQS Data Mart will continue to provide access to the scientific community
and others to obtain air quality data via the Internet.9 EPA also will continue to operate and
maintain AirNow, which provides real-time air quality data and forecasts nationwide. Further,
EPA will operate and maintain the Emissions Inventory System (EIS), a system used to quality
assure and store current and historical emissions inventory data, and used to generate the
National Emissions Inventory (NET). The NEI is used by EPA, states, and others to analyze the
public health risks from air toxics and to develop strategies to manage those risks and support
multipollutant analysis covering air toxics, NAAQS pollutants, and greenhouse gases (GHGs).
The EIS will be used for the first time to generate the 2008 NEI.10
EPA will continue to support permitting authorities on the timely issuance of renewal permits
and to respond to veto petitions under the Title V operating permits program. EPA also will
continue to address monitoring issues in underlying federal and state rules and to take
appropriate action to more broadly improve the Title V program. Please see
9 Please see http://epa. gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/ for more details.
10 Please see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/neip/index.html for additional information.
275
-------
http://www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/pertnits/ for further details. EPA will perform monitoring support
associated with permit issuance and National Environmental Policy Act evaluation.
EPA will perform analyses aimed at developing New Source Review (NSR) regulations to more
effectively address sources of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases, and EPA will continue to
work with state and tribal governments to implement revisions to the Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) requirements and NSR rules, including updates to delegation agreements
(for delegated states) and review of implementation plan revisions (for SIP-approved states and
TIP-approved Tribes with approved Tribal Implementation Plans). EPA also will continue to
review and respond to reconsideration requests and (working with DOJ) legal challenges related
to NSR program revisions, take any actions necessary to respond to court decisions, and work
with states and industries on NSR applicability issues. Emphasis will be given to assisting tribes
in implementing the NSR tribal rule and help them develop the capacity to assume delegation of
the rule or to effectively participate in reviews of permits issued by EPA in Indian Country.
To improve the NAAQS federal program, EPA will continue, within current statutory and
resource limitations, to address deficiencies in designations and implementation. For example,
EPA has been working to synchronize the issuance of implementation guidance with the final
revised NAAQS. Our goal is to provide this guidance early in the process to assist States in
implementing standards. The Agency will continue consulting with States to determine
additional methods to improve the implementation process that are within current statutory
limitations. EPA will continue to develop measures of permit program efficiency.
EPA will continue to work with state and local agencies to implement the National Air Toxics
Monitoring Network. The network has two main parts: the National Air Toxics Trends Sites
(NATTS) and Local Scale Monitoring (LSM) projects. The NATTS, designed to capture the
impacts of widespread pollutants, is comprised of 27 permanent monitoring sites, and the LSMs
are comprised of scores of short-term monitoring projects, each designed to address specific
local issues. Please see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtoxpg.html for additional information.
EPA continues working on improving monitoring systems to fill data gaps and get a better
assessment of actual population exposure to toxic air pollution. Also, EPA will continue
updating analytical efforts designed to provide nationwide information on ambient levels of
criteria and toxic air pollutants.
In addition to meeting CAA requirements, EPA will continue development of its multi-pollutant
and sector based efforts by constructing and organizing initiatives around industrial sectors. The
focus of these efforts is to address an individual sector's emissions comprehensively and to
prioritize regulatory efforts on the pollutants of greatest concern. EPA will continue to look at all
pollutants in an industrial sector and identify ways to take advantage of the co-benefits of
pollution control. In developing sector and multi-pollutant approaches, EPA seeks innovative
solutions that address the differing nature of the various sectors.
One of EPA's top priorities is to eliminate unacceptable health risks and cumulative exposures to
air toxics from multiple sources in affected communities, and to enable the Agency to fulfill its
CAA and court-ordered obligations. The CAA requires that the technological bases for all
MACT standards be reviewed and updated as necessary every 8 years. In FY 2012, EPA will
276
-------
continue to conduct risk assessments to determine whether the MACT rules appropriately protect
public health.
Between 2010 and 2012, there are 310 stationary source (e,g. air toxics) rules due for review and
promulgation, 50 of which are already on court-ordered deadlines or in litigation; 131 of these
rules are in some stage of development at the present time. To develop effective standards that
will survive legal challenges, EPA needs accurate information about actual emissions, their
composition, specific emission points and transport into communities.
EPA will continue to enhance analytical capabilities to develop effective regulations including:
analyzing the economic impacts of regulations and policies; developing and refining existing
emission test methods for measuring pollutants from smokestacks and other industrial sources;
developing and refining existing source sampling measurement techniques to determine rates of
emissions from stationary sources; and conducting dispersion modeling that characterizes the
atmospheric processes that disperse a pollutant emitted by a source. EPA's current assessments
indicate that while many air toxics are widespread, areas of concentrated emissions such as
communities with concentrated industrial and mobile source activity (near ports or distribution
areas) often have greater cumulative exposure. Working with litigants and informed by analysis
of air quality health risk data, EPA is working to prioritize key air toxics regulations that can be
completed expeditiously and that will address significant risks to public health.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to provide information and training to states and communities
through documents, websites, and workshops on tools to help them in conducting assessments
and identifying risk reduction strategies for air toxics. This effort allows state, local, and tribal
governments; industry; public interest groups; and local citizens to work together to determine if
actions are needed, and if so, what should be done.
As part of the Agency's Air Toxics Initiative, EPA is requesting funding in FY 2012 to improve
the Agency's air toxic monitoring capabilities (on both source-specific and ambient bases), and
improve dissemination of information between and amongst the various EPA offices, the state,
local and tribal governments, and the public. To make these improvements EPA proposes to:
expand analyses using tools such as the National Air Pollution Assessment (NAPA) and National
Air Toxic Assessment (NATA) to include demographics and cumulative, aggregate
environmental risks to different communities and population subgroups (e.g., children, the
elderly); enhance quantitative benefits assessment tools such as BenMAP to include analytic
capabilities for air toxics; improve emission inventory estimates for toxic air pollutants using the
data collected through source and ambient monitoring; and manage information (e.g. regulatory
requirements, compliance status, pollutant release information, permitting status) for regulated
entities electronically in a single location by modernizing the Air Facility System (AFS)
database. This system would accommodate data from and coordinate with other agency data
systems (such as NATA, NEI, TRI, RSEI) and provide streamlined access to federal and state
regulators. In addition, EPA is requesting resources in FY 2012 to develop tools for electronic
compliance reporting as part of the Regaining Ground Initiative. EPA anticipates that these
investments will increase the Agency's ability to meet aggressive court ordered schedules to
complete rulemaking activities, especially in the Risk Technology Review program. This
277
-------
investment will also assist the Agency in its work in FY 2012 to complete or develop an
additional 150 rules that are under legal or statutory deadlines for FY 2013.
Addressing Climate Change
During FY 2012, EPA will issue additional policy and guidance on GHG-related issues for the
Title V operating permits and PSD programs. Furthermore, EPA will continue to issue permits
directly to sources in areas where states, local agencies, or tribes do not issue permits. In
addition, EPA will oversee the activities of state and local permitting programs as they continue
to transition to GHG coverage.
Adding GHGs to the permitting programs has increased the number of covered sources; EPA
estimates that 550 new sources will be subject to Title V operating permits and 900 more actions
will fall under PSD.11 In FY 2012, EPA regional offices will continue to issue increased numbers
of PSD and Title V permits because of the new requirements for GHG emissions control.
Additionally, the regional offices will issue GHG PSD permits in states where EPA has issued
Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs). They also will review increased numbers of state, local,
and tribal issued permits and review changes to state, local, and Tribal PSD and Title V
programs that incorporate GHG provisions. EPA also will address complex national policy
questions that are likely to arise as these new requirements are implemented.
EPA will consider the results of a range of international assessments issued in 2011 and address
the climate impacts of short-lived climate forcers. These traditional air pollutants, for example,
black carbon (a constituent of particulate matter) and ozone are impacting the climate and
reducing their emissions can reap immediate climate and public health benefits. In the context of
the revised ozone and PM NAAQS, and contingent on the outcome of the 2011 Black Carbon
Report to Congress and other assessments, EPA will identify the most significant domestic and
international sources of black carbon and ozone precursor emissions. Based on these findings
and enhanced analytical capabilities, EPA will consider the best steps for addressing these
emissions.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(M94) Percent of major
NSR permits issued
within one year of
receiving a complete
permit application.
FY 2010
Target
78
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
78
FY 2012
Target
78
Units
Percent
http://www.epa. gov/NSR/documents/20100413piecharts.pdf
278
-------
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(M95) Percent of
significant Title V
operating permit
revisions issued within
18 months of receiving
a complete permit
application.
FY 2010
Target
100
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
100
FY 2012
Target
100
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(M96) Percent of new
Title V operating
permits issued within
18 months of receiving
a complete permit
application.
FY 2010
Target
99
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
99
FY 2012
Target
99
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(M9) Cumulative
reduction in
population-weighted
ambient concentration
of ozone in monitored
counties from 2003
baseline.
FY 2010
Target
11
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
12
FY 2012
Target
12
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(M91) Cumulative
reduction in
population-weighted
ambient concentration
of fine particulate
matter (PM-2.5) in all
monitored counties
from 2003 baseline.
FY 2010
Target
6
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
15
FY 2012
Target
15
Units
Percent
279
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(MM9) Cumulative
percent reduction in the
average number of
days during the ozone
season that the ozone
standard is exceeded in
non-attainment areas,
weighted by
population.
FY 2010
Target
26
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
29
FY 2012
Target
32
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Efficiency
Measure
(MM8) Cumulative
percent reduction in the
number of days to
process State
Implementation Plan
revisions, weighted by
complexity.
FY 2010
Target
2.9
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
2011
FY2011
CR
Target
2.9
FY 2012
Target
3.1
Units
Percent
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$2,269.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(+$24,446.0 / +140.4 FTE) This represents the incoming transfer of resources, including
140.4 FTE with associated payroll of $18,620.0 and travel of $345.0, from the Federal
Support for Air Toxics Program. The Federal Support for Air Toxics Program has been
consolidated with this program in support of a sector-based multi-pollutant approach to
air quality management.
(+$4,864.0 / + 25.0 FTE) This represents an increase for Clean Air Act Permitting
activities, including 25.0 FTE with associated payroll of $3,241.0 and travel of $69.0.
These resources and FTE will support expanded PSD and Title V permit review by the
Regional Offices and sector- and source-specific guidance from headquarters, including
guidance on significant national policy issues.
(-$485.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(+$343.0 / + 1.0 FTE) This represents an increase as part of EPA's Regaining Ground
Initiative, including 1.0 FTE with associated payroll of $143.0. These resources will be
utilized to develop tools for electronic compliance reporting.
280
-------
(+$3,146.0 / + 8.8 FTE) This represents an increase as part of EPA's Air Toxics
Initiative, including 8.8 FTE with associated payroll of $1,227.0. Funding will be used
for improving EPA's air toxic facility fence line and remote monitoring capabilities,
national assessments and improving dissemination of information between and amongst
the various EPA offices, the state, local and tribal governments, and the public. Specific
improvements include: expanding analyses using tools such as the National Air Pollution
Assessment (NAPA) and National Air Toxic Assessment (NATA); enhancing
quantitative benefits assessment tools, such as BenMAP, to include analytic capabilities
for air toxics; improving emission inventory estimates for air toxic pollutants using the
data collected through source and ambient monitoring; and managing all information for
all regulated entities electronically in a single location by modernizing the Air Facility
System (AFS) database.
(+$2,931.0 / + 6.5 FTE) As part of the Healthy Communities Initiative, this reflects an
increase to support the Agency's efforts to improve existing ambient monitoring
networks to improve community wide characterizations of the impacts of air toxics and
related pollutants and to expand analytical tools to include demographics and cumulative,
environmental risks to different communities and population subgroups, including 6.5
FTE and associated payroll of $904.0. These resources and FTE will support expanded
analyses and information access by enhancing tools such as the National Air Pollution
Assessment (NAPA), National Air Toxic Assessment (NATA), BenMAP, and Air
Facility System (AFS).
(-$557.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(+$299.0) This reflects realignments and corrections to resources for telephone, Local
Area Network (LAN) and other telecommunications and IT security requirements.
(-$3,053.07 -9.2 FTE) This reflects a reduction to regional resources. This reduction,
includes $1,169.0 in payroll associated with the reduced FTE as well as a reduction of
$36.0 in travel. The reduction will mean reduced support to states as they implement
new and revised NAAQS and toxics standards. This also will reduce support to states as
they develop revised and updated clean air plans.
(-8.4 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 7401-7661f).
281
-------
Federal Support for Air Toxics Program
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$24,446.0
$2,398.0
$26,844.0
145.8
FY2010
Actuals
$23,468.8
$2,381.7
$25,850.5
138.8
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$24,446.0
$2,398.0
$26,844.0
145.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($24,446.0)
($2,398.0)
($26,844.0)
-145.8
Program Project Description:
The Federal Support for Air Toxics Program assists state, tribal, and local air pollution control
agencies and communities with modeling, inventories, monitoring, assessments, strategies, and
program development of community-based toxics programs, including the assessment of air
toxics outside schools. EPA also provides support for programs that reduce inhalation risk or
deposition to water bodies and ecosystems, international cooperation to reduce transboundary
and intercontinental air toxic pollution, National Emissions Inventory development and updates,
risk assessment methodologies for toxic air pollutants, Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics
activities, and training of air pollution professionals. In addition, the program includes activities
for implementation of federal air toxics standards and the triennial National Air Toxics
Assessments.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
All activities in this program will be assumed by the Federal Support for Air Quality
Management Program to support the conversion to a sector-based multi-pollutant approach to air
quality management.
Performance Targets:
There are no FY 2012 performance targets associated with this program project because the
funds are transferred to the Federal Support for Air Quality Management Program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$24,446.0 \ -140.4 FTE) This represents a transfer of funding and program
responsibilities, including 140.4 FTE with associated payroll of $18,620.0, to the Federal
Support for Air Quality Management Program in support of a sector-based multi-
pollutant approach to air quality management.
282
-------
Statutory Authority:
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401-7661f).
283
-------
Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Restore the Ozone Layer
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$5,934.0
$5,934.0
23.8
FY2010
Actuals
$6,159. 4
$6,159.4
28.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$5,934.0
$5,934.0
23.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$5,612.0
$5,612.0
23.7
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($322.0)
($322.0)
-0.1
Program Project Description:
The stratospheric ozone layer protects life on Earth by shielding the Earth's surface from harmful
ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Scientific evidence amassed over the past 30 years has shown that
ozone-depleting substances (ODS) used around the world destroy the stratospheric ozone layer
and contribute to climate change.12 Overexposure to increased levels of UV radiation due to
ozone layer depletion is expected to raise the incidence of skin cancer and other illnesses.13 Skin
cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in the U.S. One American dies almost every hour
from melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer.14 Increased UV levels have been associated
with other human and non-human effects, including immune suppression and effects on aquatic
ecosystems and agricultural crops.
EPA estimates that in the U.S. alone, the worldwide phaseout of ODS will avert millions of non-
fatal and fatal skin cancers, as well as millions of cataracts, between 1990 and 2165.15 Cataracts
are the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and in the U.S. a significant source of cost to the
Medicare budget. EPA's estimates regarding the U.S. health benefits from the ODS phaseout are
based on the assumption that international ODS phaseout targets will be achieved, allowing the
ozone layer to recover later this century. According to current atmospheric research, the ozone
layer is not expected to recover until mid-century at the earliest, due to the long lifetimes of ODS
in the stratosphere.16
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program implements the provisions of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 (the Act) and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer (Montreal Protocol), continuing the control and reduction of ODS in the U.S. and lowering
health risks to the American public. Since ODS and many of their substitutes are also potent
12 World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Geneva, Switzerland. 2007.
13 Fahey, D.W. (Lead Author), World Health Organization, et. al. "Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer:
2006 Update, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, World Meteorological Organization, March 2007.
14 American Cancer Society. "Skin Cancer Facts." Accessed August 9, 2010. Available on the Internet at
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerCauses/SunandUvExposure/skin-cancer-facts.
15 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act 1990-2010: EPAReportto
Congress. EPA: Washington, DC. November 1999.
16 WMO, 2007.
284
-------
greenhouse gases, appropriate control and reduction of these substances also provide significant
benefits for climate protection. The Act provides for a phaseout of production and consumption
of ODS and requires controls on their use, including banning certain emissive uses, requiring
labeling to inform consumer choices, and requiring sound servicing practices for the use of ODS
in various products (e.g., air conditioning and refrigeration). The Act also prohibits venting ODS
or their substitutes, including other F-gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
As a signatory to the Montreal Protocol, the U.S. is committed to ensuring that our domestic
program is at least as stringent as international obligations, and to regulating and enforcing its
terms domestically. With 196 Parties and virtually universal participation, the Montreal Protocol
is the most successful international environmental treaty in existence.17 With U.S. leadership,
the Parties to the Montreal Protocol agreed in 2007 to a more aggressive phaseout for ozone-
depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). This adjustment to the Montreal Protocol
requires dramatic HCFC reductions during the period 2010-2040, equaling a 47 percent
reduction in overall emissions compared to previous commitments under the Protocol.
The Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program also works with the supermarket industry through
1 &
the GreenChill Advanced Refrigeration Partnership. An EPA partnership with the supermarket
industry and other stakeholders, GreenChill promotes advanced technologies, strategies, and
practices that reduce refrigerant charges and emissions of ODS and greenhouse gases. The
program now includes more than 5,500 stores in 48 states. In 2008, partners reduced their
aggregate total emissions by 8.5 percent.
EPA's Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program19 is a partnership that protects the ozone
layer and reduces emissions of greenhouse gases through the recovery of ODS from old
refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, and dehumidifiers. RAD partners dispose of more than 1
million refrigerant-containing appliances annually, reducing ODS emissions by over 550 ODP-
weighted tons.
While the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program continues to heal the ozone layer and garner
climate co-benefits, EPA also works to improve public health by sharing information to help the
public make informed decisions about health and the environment. Because people will live
under a compromised ozone layer until the middle of this century, the SunWise Program20
educates children about the importance of UV protection. SunWise has grown from 25 schools
to over 26,000 since 1999. It is now relied on by public and private schools in every U.S. state,
and in several states, SunWise partner schools amount to a quarter of the number of schools in
the state. According to a study published in Pediatrics,2 every federal dollar invested in
SunWise results in a $2-$4 savings in health care.
17 See: http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/MP Key Achievements-E.pdf,
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,
http://ozone.unep.org/highlights.shtml (Nov 2,2009 entry)
18 For more information, see: www.epa.go v/greenchill
19 For more information, see: www.epa.gov/ozone/partnerships/rad
20 For more information, see: www.epa.gov/sunwise
21 Pediatrics. 2008 May;121(5):el074-84. Economic evaluation of the US Environmental Protection Agency's SunWise Program:
Sun Protection Education for Young Children. Kyle JW, Hammitt JK, Lim HW, Geller AC, Hall-Jordan LH, Maibach EW, De
Fabo EC, Wagner MC.
285
-------
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In carrying out the requirements of the Act and the Montreal Protocol in FY 2012, EPA will
continue to implement the domestic rulemaking agenda for control and reduction of ODS. EPA
will provide compliance assistance and enforce rules controlling ODS production, import, and
emission.
In FY 2012, EPA will focus its work to ensure that ODS production and import caps under the
Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act continue to be met. The Clean Air Act requires reductions
and a schedule for phasing out the production and import of ODS. These requirements
correspond to the domestic consumption cap for class II HCFCs, as set by the Parties to the
Montreal Protocol. As of January 1, 2010, ODS production and imports were capped at 3,810
ODP-weighted metric tons, which is 25% of the U.S. baseline under the Montreal Protocol.
Each ODS is weighted based on its ODP, a measure of the damage it does to the stratospheric
ozone layer. Beginning on January 1, 1996, the cap for HCFC consumption was set at the sum
of 2.8 percent of the domestic ODP-weighted consumption of CFCs in 1989, plus the OOP-
weighted level of HCFCs in 1989.22 In 2015, U.S. production and import will be reduced
further, to 10% of the U.S. baseline, and in 2020, all production and import will be phased out
except for exempted amounts.
Given that the ODS cap was lowered in 2010, EPA is responding to an increased number of ODS
substitute applications, many of which represent lower-GHG options. Under the Significant
New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program,23 EPA reviews alternatives to ODS to assist the
market's transition to alternatives that are safer, especially for the climate system. The purpose
of the program is to allow a safe, smooth transition away from ODS by identifying substitutes
that offer lower overall risks to human health and the environment. As necessary, EPA restricts
use of alternatives for given applications that are more harmful to human health and the
environment on an overall basis. In FY 2012, EPA will consider the suite of available substitutes
for each of approximately 50 end uses (e.g., domestic refrigeration, motor vehicle air
conditioning) in eight industrial sectors and with the listing of new alternatives, review previous
decisions as necessary. Also, EPA will continue to work with federal and international agencies
to halt the illegal import of ODS and foster the smooth transition to non-ozone-depleting
alternatives in various sectors.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(SOI) Remaining US
Consumption of
hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs), chemicals that
deplete the Earth's
protective ozone layer,
FY 2010
Target
<3,811
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
<3,811
FY 2012
Target
<3,811
Units
ODP tons
22 Consumption equals production plus import minus export.
23 For more information, see: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/
286
-------
Measure
Type
Measure
measured in tons of
Ozone Depleting
Potential (OOP).
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
Units
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$49.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$197.0) In a time of fiscal constraint, EPA plans to reduce funding for the Sun Wise
program website. As a result, schools will have to rely on a Sunwise website that is not
updated as often. This website offers internet-based materials for use, additional related
printed curriculum and information on sun safety.
(-$8.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$72.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-0.1 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(+$4.0) This increase in funding will support the review of ODS alternatives.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990, Title I, Parts A and D (42 U.S.C. 7401-7434, 7501-7515), Title V
(42 U.S.C. 7661-7661 f), and Title VI (42 U.S.C. 7671-7671q); The Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
287
-------
Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund
Program Area: Clean Air and Climate
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Restore the Ozone Layer
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$9,840.0
$9,840.0
0.0
FY2010
Actuals
$9,840.0
$9,840.0
0.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$9,840.0
$9,840.0
0.0
FY2012
Pres Budget
$9,495.0
$9,495.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($345.0)
($345.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by preventing harmful ultraviolet (UV)
radiation from reaching the Earth's surface. Scientific evidence amassed over more than 30 years
has shown that ozone-depleting substances (ODS) used around the world destroy the
stratospheric ozone layer and contribute to climate change.24 Increased levels of UV radiation,
due to ozone depletion, have contributed to increased incidence of skin cancer, cataracts, and
other health effects.25 Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, accounting for nearly half
of all cancers.26 Increased UV levels also have been associated with other human and non-
human effects, including immune suppression and effects on aquatic ecosystems and agricultural
crops.27
EPA estimates that in the U.S. alone, the worldwide phaseout of ODS will avert millions of non-
r\Q r\f\
fatal and fatal skin cancers as well as millions of cataracts between 1990 and 2165. According
to current research, the ozone layer is expected to recover later this century. This long recovery
period is due to the long atmospheric lifetime of ODS.30 These estimates are based on the
assumption that international ODS phaseout targets will be achieved through full participation by
all countries (both industrialized and developing), allowing the ozone layer to recover. If
developing countries go back to using ODS, at even 70 percent of historic rates, within 20 years
the environmental gains to date would be negated, as would billions of dollars spent. Ending the
24 World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Geneva, Switzerland. 2007.
25 Fahey, D.W. (Lead Author), World Health Organization, et. al. "Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer:
2006 Update, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, World Meteorological Organization, March 2007.
26 American Cancer Society. "Skin Cancer Facts." Accessed August 9, 2010. Available on the Internet at
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerCauses/SunandUvExposure/skin-cancer-facts.
27 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), UNEP, Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: 2006 Assessment.
Nairobi, Kenya, 2007.
28 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act 1990-2010: EPAReportto
Congress. EPA: Washington, DC. November 1999. Also:
29 Protecting the Ozone Layer Protects Eyesight - A Report on Cataract Incidence in the United States Using the Atmospheric
and Health Effects Framework Model. Accessed August 9, 2010. Available on the Internet at:
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/effects/AHEFCataractReport.pdf
30 WMO, 2007.
288
-------
production and use of ODS not only saves the ozone layer, but it also reduces the climate impact
of these potent greenhouse gases.
Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol),
the U.S. and other developed countries contribute to the Multilateral Fund to support projects and
activities in developing countries to eliminate the production and use of ODS. The Montreal
Protocol is the first multilateral treaty to have universal participation with ratification by all 196
countries. The U.S. contribution to the Multilateral Fund, which is split between EPA and the
Department of State, is 22 percent of the total based on the U.N. scale of assessment. The
Multilateral Fund draws heavily on U.S. expertise and technologies, and the permanent seat of
the U.S. on the Executive Committee ensures cost-effective assistance. Negotiated text
supporting the 2007 adjustment to the Protocol commits donor countries, including the U.S., to
"stable and sufficient" funding to the Multilateral Fund. The Parties to the Montreal Protocol
agreed, in the 2007 adjustment, to a more aggressive phaseout for ozone-depleting
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which involves dramatic HCFC reductions during the
period from 2010-2040, equaling a 47 percent reduction in overall emissions. Most of these
reductions will occur in developing countries. Because most ODS are strong greenhouse gases
(GHGs), this faster phaseout also will result in large reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA's contributions to the Multilateral Fund in FY 2012 will help continue support for cost-
effective projects designed to build capacity and eliminate ODS production and consumption in
over 60 developing countries. Today, the Multilateral Fund supports over 6,000 activities in 148
countries that, when fully implemented, will prevent annual emissions of more than 451,000
metric tons of ODS. Additional projects will be submitted, considered and approved in
accordance with Multilateral Fund guidelines.
Performance Targets:
Performance measures associated with this program are included in the section Stratospheric
Ozone: Domestic Program under Environmental Programs and Management Tab and can be
found in the Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
The Clean Air Act requires reductions and a schedule for phasing out the production and import
of ODS. These requirements correspond to the domestic consumption cap for class II HCFCs, as
set by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. Each ODS is weighted based on the damage it does to
the stratospheric ozone layerthis is the ozone depletion potential (OOP). Since January 1,
2010, the U.S. is required to meet a consumption cap of 3,810 OOP-weighted metric tons.
Further incremental reductions are required through 2020 until all ODS production and import
are phased out, except for exempted amounts.
289
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$370.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(+$25.0 ) This increase will support the Multilateral Fund.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990, Title 1, Parts A and D (42 U.S.C. 7401-7434, 7501-7515), Title V
(42 U.S.C. 7661-7661f), and Title VI (42 U.S.C. 7671-7671q); The Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
290
-------
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
291
-------
Indoor Air: Radon Program
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$5,866.0
$453.0
$6,319.0
39.4
FY2010
Actuals
$5,408.1
$485.6
$5,893.7
33.1
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$5,866.0
$453.0
$6,319.0
39.4
FY2012
Pres Budget
$3,901.0
$210.0
$4,111.0
23.1
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($1,965.0)
($243.0)
($2,208.0)
-16.3
Program Project Description:
Title III of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) directs EPA to undertake a variety of
activities to address the public health risks posed by exposures to indoor radon. The law directs
EPA to study the health effects of radon, assess exposure levels, set an action level and advise
the public of steps they can take to reduce exposure, evaluate mitigation methods, institute
training centers to ensure a supply of competent radon service providers, establish radon
contractor proficiency programs, and assist states with program development through the
administration of a grants program.
Radon is the leading cause of lung cancer mortality among non-smokers, accounting for about
21,000 deaths per year. EPA's non-regulatory indoor radon program promotes actions to reduce
the public's health risk from indoor radon. EPA and the Surgeon General recommend that
people do a simple home test and, if levels above EPA's guidelines are confirmed, reduce those
levels by home mitigation using inexpensive and proven techniques. EPA also recommends that
new homes be built using radon-resistant features in areas where there is elevated radon. This
voluntary program has succeeded in promoting partnerships between national organizations, the
private sector, and state, local, and tribal governmental programs to achieve radon risk reduction.
On the basis of that success, EPA plans to streamline the program to rely more heavily on these
partners to achieve radon risk reduction.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA will:
Continue to partner with national and private sector organizations, as well as state, local,
and tribal government organizations to reduce radon exposure;
Work with states, tribes, and localities to improve their radon programs to increase risk
reduction;
292
-------
Continue partnerships that will make radon risk reduction a normal part of doing business
in the marketplace; and
Improve scientific knowledge and technologies to support and drive aggressive action on
radon in conjunction with partners.
The number of homes in the U.S. with radon levels above the action level is currently estimated
at 1 in 15 homes, and continued action is needed. In FY 2012, EPA will accelerate efforts to
reduce radon exposure. The program will continue to focus on radon risk reduction in homes
and schools. EPA will use information dissemination, social marketing techniques, and
partnerships with influential public health and environmental organizations to drive action at the
national level. EPA will continue to promote public action to test homes for indoor radon, fix
homes when levels are high, and build homes with radon-resistant features. EPA also will
continue its work with national partners to inform and motivate public action. As part of this
outreach, EPA communicates risk estimates from the National Academy of Sciences that
demonstrate the substantial risks associated with radon exposure.
The Indoor Air Program is not regulatory. Instead, EPA works toward its goal by conducting
research and promoting appropriate risk reduction actions through voluntary education and
outreach programs. The Agency will continue to focus on making efficiency improvements and
improving transparency by making state radon grantee performance data available to the public
via a website or other easily accessible means.
The majority of federal resources directed to radon risk reduction are allotted to states under the
State Indoor Radon Grants Program, which is described elsewhere in this volume. With its
programmatic resources, EPA engages in public outreach and education activities designed to
increase the public health effectiveness of state and private efforts. This includes support for
national public information campaigns that attract millions of dollars in donated air time,
identification and dissemination of "best practices" from the highest achieving states for transfer
across the nation, public support for local and state adoption of radon prevention standards in
building codes, coordination of national voluntary standards (e.g., mitigation and construction
protocols) for adoption by states and the radon industry, and numerous other activities
strategically selected to promote individual action to test and mitigate homes and promote radon
resistant new construction.31 In FY 2012, EPA plans to streamline the program, curtailing
activity in lower priority outreach, education, guidance and technical assistance.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(R50) Percent of
existing homes with an
operating mitigation
system (ROMS)
compared to the
FY 2010
Target
12
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
12.5
FY 2012
Target
13.3
Units
Percent
31 http://www.epa.gov/radon
293
-------
Measure
Type
Measure
estimated number of
homes at or above
EPA's 4pCi/L action
level.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
Units
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(R51) Percent of all
new single-family
homes (SFH) in high
radon potential areas
built with radon
reducing features.
FY 2010
Target
33
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
34.5
FY 2012
Target
36
Units
Percent
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,921.07-14.8 FTE) To accommodate the lower funding level, EPA will reduce
resources for lower priority regional efforts to address public health risks posed by
exposures by indoor radon. These efforts include regional support for outreach,
education, guidance, and technical assistance. This reduction includes associated payroll
of $1,906.0. With the remaining available resources, EPA will continue to partner with
national and private sector organizations, as well as state, local, and tribal government
organizations to reduce radon exposure; work with states, tribes, and localities to improve
their radon programs to increase risk reduction; continue partnerships that will make
radon risk reduction a normal part of doing business in the marketplace; and improve
scientific knowledge and technologies to support and drive aggressive action on radon in
conjunction with partners.
(-$44.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990; Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research Act; Title IV of the
SARA of 1986; TSCA, Section 6, Titles II and Title III (15 U.S.C. 2605 and 2641-2671); and
IRAA, Section 306.
294
-------
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$20,759.0
$762.0
$21,521.0
63.8
FY 2010
Actuals
$19,253.0
$808.0
$20,061.0
63.4
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$20,759.0
$762.0
$21,521.0
63.8
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$17,198.0
$370.0
$17,568.0
54.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($3,561.0)
($392.0)
($3,953.0)
-9.5
Program Project Description:
Title IV of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) gives the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) broad authority to conduct and coordinate research on
indoor air quality, develop and disseminate information on the subject, and coordinate efforts at
the federal, state, and local levels.
In this non-regulatory, voluntary program, EPA works through partnerships, with non-
governmental organizations and federal partners, as well as professional organizations, to
educate and encourage individuals, schools, industry, the health care community, and others to
take action to reduce health risks from poor indoor air quality. For many reasons, including
peoples' decisions to smoke in their own homes, air inside homes, schools, and workplaces can
be more polluted than outdoor air in the largest and most industrialized cities.32 People typically
spend close to 90 percent of their time indoors and may be more at risk from indoor than outdoor
air pollution.33
Additionally, EPA uses technology transfer to improve the design, operation, and maintenance of
buildings, including schools, homes, and workplaces, to promote healthier indoor air. EPA
provides technical assistance that directly supports states, local governments, and public health
organizations.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA's Indoor Air Program will continue to support the Administrator's priorities.
EPA will continue to promote comprehensive asthma care that integrates management of
environmental asthma triggers and health care services. EPA will continue to promote
community adoption of comprehensive asthma care programs through the Communities in
32 U.S. EPA. 1987. The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study: Summary and Analysis Volume I. EPA 600-6-
87-002a. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
33 U.S. EPA. 1989. Report to Congress on Indoor Air Quality, Volume II: Assessment and Control of Indoor Air Pollution. EPA
40-6-89-001C. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
295
-------
Action for Asthma-Friendly Environments Campaign, EPA will place a particular emphasis on
protecting vulnerable populations, including children, low-income, and minority populations
disproportionately impacted by poor asthma outcomes. The protection of vulnerable
subpopulations is a top Administrator's priority, especially with regard to children. EPA will
continue to work in partnership and collaboration with other federal agencies, the health care
community, and state and local organizations to promote smoke-free homes and cars,
emphasizing protection for young children through collaboration with the Department of Health
and Human Services' Office of Head Start.
EPA also will continue to promote a suite of "best practice" guidance for a range of building
types, including guidance for the control and management of moisture and mold and
comprehensive best practice guidance for IAQ during each phase of the building cycle.
Additional guidance will focus on best maintenance practices for indoor environmental quality
and ensuring good IAQ in concert with increased energy efficiency in buildings.
Internationally, EPA will continue the Partnership for Clean Indoor Air to provide technology
transfer to developing countries so that individuals and organizations within those countries have
the tools to address human health risk due to indoor smoke from cooking and heating fires.
Since 2003, the Indoor Air Program has documented nearly three million households across the
globe, nearly 20 million people, who have adopted clean and efficient cooking and heating
technologies through the Partnership's programs.
In a time of fiscal constraint, the reduced FY 2012 resources will require EPA to decrease overall
partnership/outreach support with non-governmental organizations, federal partners, and
professional organizations. Additionally, to accommodate the lower funding level in FY 2012
EPA plans to reduce or eliminate lower priority activities, including the Tools for Schools
Program and the Healthy Homes/Buildings Program.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(R17) Additional
health care
professionals trained
annually on the
environmental
management of asthma
triggers.
FY 2010
Target
2,000
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
2,000
FY 2012
Target
3,000
Units
Professionals
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(R16) Percent of public
that is aware of the
asthma program's
media campaign.
FY 2010
Target
>30
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
>30
FY 2012
Target
>30
Units
Percent
296
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(R22) Estimated
annual number of
schools establishing
indoor air quality
programs based on
EPA's Tools for
Schools guidance.
FY 2010
Target
1,000
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
1,000
FY 2012
Target
1,000
Units
Schools
EPA will strive to meet its long-term strategic goal for 2015 that 7.6 million people with asthma
will be taking the essential actions to reduce their exposure to environmental triggers. EPA's
goal is to motivate an additional 400,000 people with asthma to take these actions in 2012,
bringing the total number to approximately 6.5 million people with asthma who are taking the
essential actions to reduce their exposure to environmental triggers. As another component of
reducing exposure to environmental triggers for children with asthma, EPA will work to reduce
existing disparities between disproportionately impacted populations and the overall population.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted Budget (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$3,456.07 -8.0 FTE) In a time of fiscal constraint, the reduced FY 2012 resources will
require EPA to decrease overall partnership/outreach support with non-governmental
organizations, federal partners, and professional organizations. Additionally, to accommodate
the lower funding level in FY 2012 EPA plans to reduce or eliminate lower priority activities,
including the Tools for Schools Program and the Healthy Homes/Buildings Program. Of the
total decrease, $1,092.0 is for associated payroll. EPA will focus its healthy homes/buildings
program on reducing exposures and health risks from environmental asthma triggers.
(-$105.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and programmatic
areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990; Title IV of the SARA of 1986.
297
-------
Radiation: Protection
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Reduce Unnecessary Exposure to Radiation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$11,295.0
$2,095.0
$2,495.0
$15,885.0
88.6
FY2010
Actuals
$11,433.3
$1,962.1
$2,586.2
$15,981.6
84.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$11,295.0
$2,095.0
$2,495.0
$15,885.0
88.6
FY2012
Pres Budget
$9,629.0
$2,096.0
$2,487.0
$14,212.0
76.1
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($1,666.0)
$1.0
($8.0)
($1,673.0)
-12.5
Program Project Description:
Congress designated EPA as the primary federal agency charged with protecting human health
and the environment from harmful and avoidable exposure to radiation. EPA has important
general and specific duties depending on the enabling legislation (e.g., Atomic Energy Act,
Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Clean Air Act, etc). EPA's Radiation Protection Program carries out
this responsibility through its federal guidance and regulations/standards development activities.
EPA provides oversight of operations at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). EPA also
regulates radioactive air emissions and ensures that the Agency has appropriate methods to
manage radioactive releases and exposures under Sec. 112 of the Clean Air Act, which governs
EPA's authority to regulate hazardous air pollutants.
Other EPA responsibilities include radiation clean-up and waste management guidance, radiation
pollution prevention, and guidance on radiation protection standards and practices to federal
agencies. The Agency's radiation science is recognized nationally and internationally; it is the
foundation that EPA, other federal agencies and states use to develop radiation risk management
policy, guidance, and rulemakings. The Agency works closely with other national and
international radiation protection organizations such as the National Academy of Sciences, the
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, the International Atomic Energy
Agency, the International Commission on Radiation Protection, and the Organization of
Economic and Cooperative Development's Nuclear Energy Agency to advance scientific
understanding of radiation risks.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to implement its regulatory oversight responsibilities for
Department of Energy (DOE) activities at the WIPP facility, as mandated by Congress in the
WIPP Land Withdrawal Act of 1992. EPA also will continue its oversight work to ensure the
298
-------
permanent and safe disposal, consistent with EPA standards,34 of all radioactive waste shipped to
WIPP. This includes conducting inspections of waste generator facilities and evaluating DOE's
compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations every five years. EPA will
continue limited work on the revision to the Uranium Milling and Tailings Radiation Control Act
regulation (40 CFR 192), last reviewed in 1995, and the related Hazardous Air Pollutants,
Subpart W (40 CFR 61) update.
EPA, in partnership with other federal agencies, will continue to promote the management of
radiation risks in a consistent and safe manner at water treatment facilities, and during cleanups
at Superfund, DOE, Department of Defense (DOD), state, local and other federal sites. EPA will
continue to conduct limited radiation risk assessments and provide guidance and technical tools
when available.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Output
Measure
(R37) Time to approve
site changes affecting
waste characterization
at DOE waste
generator sites to
ensure safe disposal of
transuranic radioactive
waste at WIPP.
(R36) Average time of
availability of quality
assured ambient
radiation air
monitoring data during
an emergency.
FY 2010
Target
70
0.7
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
701 1
£*\J _L _L
Data
LfCaa
Avail
201 1
FY2011
CR
Target
70
0.7
FY 2012
Target
75
0.8
Units
Days
Days
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,655.0 / - 11.0 FTE) This reflects a significant reduction in both headquarters and
regional staff to address the nation's risks of radiation exposure, necessary in this time of
fiscal constraint. To accommodate the reduction, EPAplans to terminate important but
lower priority work on updating EPA radiation science issued through Federal Guidance
publications that federal and state agencies use when conducting radiation risk
assessments. Of this reduction, $1,605.0 is a reduction in payroll due to the reduced FTE.
This reduction may also mean that EPA will take longer to promulgate regulations due to
limited resources for analysis and outreach and stakeholder input.
This cut also may substantially reduce the program's timeliness in responding to
radioactive waste policy and technical issues. Other lower priority activities that may be
affected are the Agency's tribal and environmental justice efforts on radiation issues,
Additional information at: http://www.epa.gov/radiation/wipp/background.html
299
-------
particularly those aimed at Navajo uranium contamination; risk assessment support to the
states and regions; and EPA's radiation outreach and public information abilities.
(-$11.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiencies Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
AEA of 1954, as amended, 42 U.S.C 2011 et seq. (1970), and Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970;
CAA Amendments of 1990; CERCLA as amended by the SARA of 1986; Energy Policy Act of
1992, P.L. 102-486; Executive Order 12241 of September 1980, National Contingency Plan, 3
CFR, 1980; NWPA of 1982; PHSA as amended, 42 U.S.C 201 et seq.; SOW A; Uranium Mill
Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) of 1978; WIPP Land Withdrawal Act.
300
-------
Radiation: Response Preparedness
Program Area: Indoor Air and Radiation
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Reduce Unnecessary Exposure to Radiation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$3,077.0
$4,176.0
$7,253.0
42.3
FY2010
Actuals
$2,827.9
$4,242.7
$7,070.6
41.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$3,077.0
$4,176.0
$7,253.0
42.3
FY2012
Pres Budget
$3,042.0
$4,082.0
$7,124.0
42.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($35.0)
($94.0)
($129.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
EPA generates policy guidance and procedures for EPA radiological emergency response under
the National Response Framework (NRF) and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances
Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). EPA maintains its own Radiological Emergency Response
Team (RERT), is a member of the Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee
(FRPCC), and also supports the Federal Advisory Team for Environment, Food, and Health (the
"A-Team"). EPA responds to radiological emergencies, conducts national and regional
radiological response planning and training, and develops response plans for radiological
incidents or accidents.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA's RERT, a component of the Agency's emergency response structure, will
continue to ensure that it maintains and improves the level of readiness to support federal
radiological emergency response and recovery operations under the NRF and NCP. EPA will
design training and exercises to enhance the RERT's ability to fulfill EPA responsibilities, as
well as analyze them for improvements needed for overall radiation response preparedness.35
Through personnel and asset training and exercises, EPA will continue to enhance and maintain
its state of readiness for radiological emergencies.
EPA will continue to coordinate with its interagency partners, under the Federal Radiological
Preparedness Coordinating Committee, to revise federal radiation emergency response plans and
develop radiological emergency response protocols and standards. The Agency will continue to
develop guidance addressing lessons learned from incidents and exercises to ensure more
effective coordination of EPA support with that of other federal and state response agencies.
EPA will continue to develop and maintain Protective Action Guides (PAGs) for use by federal,
35
Additional information can be accessed at: http://www.epa.gov/radiation/rert/
301
-------
state, and local responders. Additionally, EPA will provide training on the use of the PAGs to
users through workshops and radiological emergency response exercises.
EPA will continue to participate in planning and implementing international and federal table-top
and field exercises including radiological anti-terrorism activities, with the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC), Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense (DOD), and
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). EPA also will continue to train state, local, and
federal officials, and provide technical support to federal and state radiation, emergency
management, solid waste, and health programs that are responsible for radiological emergency
response and development of their own preparedness programs.
EPA will continue development and implementation of field-based measurement methods,
procedures and quality systems to support expedited assessment and characterization of outdoor
and indoor areas impacted with radiological contamination. Application of these field-based
methods and procedures will support rapid assessment and triage of impacted areas (including
buildings, indoor environments, infrastructure) and development of cleanup strategies.
EPA's Special Teams will design and establish an instrument quality program for field-based
radiological measurements. EPA's Special Teams also will develop procedures for ensuring
protection of responders by minimizing exposure and keeping dose as low as reasonably
achievable.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(R35) Level of
readiness of radiation
program personnel and
assets to support
federal radiological
emergency response
and recovery
operations.
FY 2010
Target
90
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
90
FY 2012
Target
90
Units
Percent
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$7.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$6.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$11.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
302
-------
(-$11.0) This reduction reflects efficiencies from several agencywide IT projects such as
email optimization, consolidated IT procurement, helpdesk standardization, and others
totaling $10 million agencywide. Savings in individual areas may be offset by increased
mandatory costs for telephone and Local Area Network (LAN) support for FTE.
Statutory Authority:
Atomic Energy Act (AEA) of 1954, as amended, 42 U.S.C 2011 et seq. (1970), and
Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970; Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990; Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); National Oil and
Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), 40 CFR 300; Executive Order 12241
of September 1980, National Contingency Plan, 3 CFR, 1980; Executive Order 12656 of
November 1988, Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities, 3 CFR, 1988;
Homeland Security Act of 2002; Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006
(PKEMRA); Public Health Service Act (PHSA), as amended, 42 U.S.C 201 et seq.; Robert T.
Stafford Disaster Relief and EAA, as amended, 42 U.S.C 5121 et seq.; Safe Drinking Water Act
(SOWA); and Title XIV of the Natural Disaster Assistance Act (NDAA) of 1997, PL 104-201
(Nunn-Lugar II).
303
-------
Program Area: Brownfields
304
-------
Brownfields
Program Area: Brownfields
Goal: Cleaning Up Our Communities
Objective(s): Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$24,152.0
$24,152.0
125.9
FY2010
Actuals
$24,465.3
$24,465.3
125.2
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$24,152.0
$24,152.0
125.9
FY2012
Pres Budget
$26,397.0
$26,397.0
144.9
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$2,245.0
$2,245.0
19.0
Program Project Description:
The Brownfields program is designed to help states, tribes, local communities, and other
stakeholders involved in environmental revitalization and economic redevelopment to work
together to plan, inventory, assess, safely cleanup, and reuse brownfields. Brownfield sites are
real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the
presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Revitalizing
these once productive properties helps communities by removing blight, satisfying the growing
demand for land, helping to limit urban sprawl, fostering ecologic habitat enhancements,
enabling economic development, and maintaining or improving quality of life. This program
comprises the administrative component of the Brownfields program, supporting human
resources, travel, training, technical assistance, and research activities.
EPA's work is focused on removing barriers and creating incentives for brownfields
redevelopment. EPA's Brownfields program funds research efforts, clarifies liability issues,
enters into federal, state, tribal, and local partnerships, conducts outreach activities, and creates
related job training and workforce development programs. The program provides financial
assistance for: (1) hazardous substances training for organizations representing the interests of
states and tribal co-implementers of the Brownfields law; and (2) technical outreach support to
address environmental justice issues and support Brownfields research.
EPA's enforcement program develops guidance and tools that clarify potential environmental
cleanup liabilities, thereby providing greater certainty and comfort for parties seeking to reuse
these properties. The enforcement program also can provide direct support to parties seeking to
reuse contaminated properties in order to facilitate transactions through consultations and the use
of enforcement tools.
The Brownfields Program also includes smart growth and sustainable design that address
Brownfield issues. The smart growth activities include: (1) working with state and local
governments and other stakeholders to create an improved economic and institutional climate for
Brownfields redevelopment; (2) removing barriers and creating incentives for Brownfields
redevelopment by changing standards that affect the viability of Brownfields redevelopment; and
305
-------
(3) creating cross-cutting solutions that improve the economic, regulatory, and institutional
climate for Brownfields redevelopment.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
The Brownfields program fosters federal, state, local, and public-private partnerships to return
properties to productive economic use in communities. This approach emphasizes
environmental health and protection that also achieves economic development and job creation
through the redevelopment of Brownfields properties, particularly in underserved and
disadvantaged communities.
As part of the America's Great Outdoor Initiative, EPA is participating on interagency teams in
the development of a broad range of policy options to better align and leverage federal programs
and investments, make regulatory and voluntary efforts more complementary, and increase the
efficiency and effectiveness of programs to connect Americans with the great outdoors. EPA is
leading teams focused on promoting outdoor recreation on public and private lands in urban
parks, greenways, beaches, trails, and waterways, and educating and engaging Americans in our
natural, cultural, and historical resources.
In addition to supporting the operations and management of the Brownfields program, funds in
FY 2012 will provide financial assistance for training on hazardous waste to organizations
representing the interests of state and tribal co-implementers of the Small Business Liability
Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act (SBLRBRA), otherwise known as the 2002
Brownfields Amendments. The program also offers outreach support for the Administrator's
Priority of Promoting Environmental Justice issues affecting tribal and native Alaskan villages or
other disadvantaged communities that need to address perceived or real hazardous substance
contamination at sites in their neighborhood or community.
EPA Brownfields grants are in the form of cooperative agreements, and require considerable
Agency staff involvement to ensure that sites are properly assessed and cleaned up consistent
with the applicable requirements (e.g., Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP)). Current Agency
guidelines recommend an average of no more than 11 cooperative agreements per project officer.
Despite workload increases in many areas of the country (including areas with many
disadvantaged communities and "cities in transition"), the average project officer works on as
many as 30 grants. This greatly compromises the ability to effectively and efficiently manage
these grants for the benefit of the affected communities.
Since EPA's Brownfields program manages a significant workload of assessment, cleanup,
Revolving Loan Fund (RLF), job training and area-wide planning cooperative agreements, the
FY 2012 request includes 19.2 additional FTE. These FTE would help provide needed support
in the planning, expeditious award, and performance management of Brownfields cooperative
agreements.
The additional FTE will also be used for project officers who will more effectively and
efficiently negotiate and award cooperative agreements as part of current workload as well as
manage the agreements throughout their full life-cycle, providing the necessary technical
306
-------
assistance the recipient communities need throughout the implementation of the project to ensure
successful outcomes. As project officers, these FTE will also facilitate initial coordination
within EPA and with other Agencies in two ways:
1) Facilitate initial coordination with EPA enforcement, air and water quality programs
(as appropriate) to target environmental improvements identified during the area-wide
planning process. Through area-wide planning, local communities will be able to assess
and address a single large or multiple Brownfield sites within their boundaries, thereby
advancing area-wide planning to enable redevelopment on a broader scale. For example,
these improvements could come from air quality or water infrastructure investments
planned or underway within or near the pilot project area, or from a supplemental
environmental project identified by EPA's enforcement office (if information is publicly
available). The FTE also will consult air and water media offices as needed to advise on
development techniques that improve environmental outcomes, such as approaches which
reduce air emissions (CC>2, NOX, HC, CO), energy use from vehicular energy
consumption (e.g., reduce vehicle miles traveled), land consumption, stormwater run-off,
and pollutant loadings.
2) Work with other federal, state and/or tribal agencies (as appropriate) in an effort to
provide additional information in support of developing the area-wide plan for the
brownfields-impacted area, such as planned neighborhood investments or services
needed. By identifying opportunities for cross-program coordination and possible
integration, EPA will be able to deliver more comprehensive technical assistance to the
pilot communities.
The National Brownfields Conference is the largest and most comprehensive conference in the
nation focused on environmental revitalization and economic redevelopment issues. Due to
increased contributions and support from external partners, EPA is reducing its funding for this
conference by a total of $905 thousand in FY 2012.
EPA will provide technical assistance to communities that were awarded funding to combine
smart growth policies with Brownfields redevelopment. EPA also will conduct further research
on incentives for cleanup that encourage Brownfields redevelopment, pilot additional techniques
to accomplish redevelopment within communities, identify new policy and research needs, and
highlight best practices that can be copied in other communities.
In FY 2012, EPA's Brownfields program request includes nearly $1.3 million for the smart
growth program. The smart growth program addresses critical issues for Brownfields
redevelopment, including land assembly, development permitting issues, financing, parking and
street standards, accountability to uniform systems of information for land use controls, and
other factors that influence the economic viability of Brownfields redevelopment. The best
practices, tools, and lessons learned from the smart growth program will directly inform and
assist EPA's efforts to increase area-wide planning for assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment
of Brownfields sites.
307
-------
In FY 2012, EPA is requesting $497 thousand for EPA's enforcement program. EPA's
enforcement program will work collaboratively with our partners on innovative approaches to
help achieve the Agency's land reuse priorities. EPA's enforcement program will develop
guidance and tools to provide greater certainty and comfort regarding potential liability concerns
for parties seeking to reuse these properties.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the STAG: Brownfields Program
Projects and can be found in the Performance Four Year Array.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$798.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-2.0 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(+$2,706.07 +19.2 FTE) This reflects an increase in Regional project offices to provided
additional support in the planning, expeditious award, and performance management of
Brownfields cooperative agreements, including the proposed expansion of area wide
planning grants. The additional resources include 19.2 FTE and associated payroll of
$2,630.0.
(-$905.07 -1.0 FTE) This reflects a decrease in resources supporting the National
Brownfields conference due to enhanced administrative efficiencies. The reduced
resources include 1.0 FTE and associated payroll of $137.0.
(-$273.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing, and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$81.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
Statutory Authority:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act , as amended by the
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq. -
Sections 101, 107 and 128 and the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq. - Section 8001.
308
-------
Program Area: Compliance
309
-------
Compliance Assistance and Centers
Program Area: Compliance
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$25,622.0
$797.0
$269.0
$26,688.0
173.7
FY 2010
Actuals
$23,628.3
$756.8
$263.7
$24,648.8
165.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$25,622.0
$797.0
$269.0
$26,688.0
173.7
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($25,622.0)
($797.0)
($269.0)
($26,688.0)
-173.7
Program Project Description:
EPA's Compliance Assistance and Centers program provides information to millions of
regulated entities, federal agencies, particularly small businesses and local governments, to help
them understand and meet their environmental obligations. This information lets regulated
entities know of their legal obligations under federal environmental laws. Compliance assistance
resources include comprehensive Web sites, compliance guides, emission calculators, and
training materials aimed at specific business communities or industry sectors. Also, on-site
compliance assistance and information is sometimes provided by EPA inspectors during an
inspection.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
The Compliance Assistance and Centers program was streamlined and merged with the
Compliance Monitoring and Civil Enforcement programs in FY 2011. EPA merged the
historical tool-based program project activities for compliance assistance and incentives into the
Civil Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring programs. Achieving compliance with
environmental laws requires a focus on outcomes using a mix of assistance, incentives, and
enforcement actions, often in combination to achieve environmental and public health
protections. The changes support the Agency's emphasis on pragmatic and more nimble
approach to enforcement - using the right tools at the right level of government to achieve
compliance and deterrence from violations of our laws - both civil and criminal.
Performance Targets:
The performance measures previously supported by this program project are now addressed in
the Civil Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring programs, where these resources have been
realigned.
310
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$24,906.07 -162.5 FTE) This reduction reflects the Agency's proposal to integrate the
tool-based program project activities for Compliance Assistance into the Civil
Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring programs. Reduced resources include
$21,906.0 associated payroll for 162.5 FTE.
(-$716.07 -4.6 FTE) This is a reduction to Compliance Assistance Centers and tool
development, reflecting a greater reliance on electronic means for disseminating
assistance information. This change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that
will help the Agency better align resources, skills, and Agency priorities. The reduced
resources include $620.0 associated payroll for 4.6 FTE.
Statutory Authority:
RCRA; CWA; SOW A; CAA; TSCA; EPCRA; RLBPHRA; FIFRA; ODA; NEPA; CERCLA;
NAAEC; LPA-US/MX-BR; EPAct.
311
-------
Compliance Incentives
Program Area: Compliance
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$9,560.0
$0.0
$9,560.0
62.5
FY 2010
Actuals
$8,792.6
$14.4
$8,807.0
55.7
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$9,560.0
$0.0
$9,560.0
62.5
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($9,560.0)
$0.0
($9,560.0)
-62.5
Program Project Description:
EPA's Compliance Incentives program encourages regulated entities to monitor and quickly
correct environmental violations, reduce pollution, and make improvements in regulated entities'
environmental management practices. EPA uses a variety of approaches to encourage entities to
self-disclose environmental violations under various environmental statues. EPA's Audit Policy
encourages internal audits of environmental compliance and subsequent correction of self-
discovered violations, providing a uniform enforcement response toward disclosures of
violations and accelerating compliance.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
The Compliance Incentives program, which encourages internal audits of environmental
compliance and subsequent correction of self-discovered violations, was shifted to the Civil
Enforcement program as part of the enforcement and compliance assurance program's
realignment effort.
In FY 2011, EPA merged the historical tool-based program activities for Compliance Assistance
and Centers and Compliance Incentives into the Civil Enforcement program. Achieving
compliance with environmental laws requires a focus on outcomes using a mix of assistance,
incentives, and enforcement actions, often in combination to achieve environmental and public
health protections. The changes support the Agency's pragmatic and flexible approach to
enforcement - using the right tools at the right level of government to achieve compliance and
deterrence from violations of our laws - both civil and criminal.
Performance Targets:
The performance measures previously supported by this program project are now addressed in
the Civil Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring programs, where these resources have been
realigned and can be found in the Performance Four Year Array in Tab 11.
312
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$9,560.07 -62.5 FTE) This reduction in resources reflects the integration of enforcement
tool-based activities by realigning the Compliance Incentives program into the Civil
Enforcement program. The reduced resources include $8,672.0 associated payroll for
62.5 FTE.
Statutory Authority:
RCRA; CWA; SOW A; CAA; TSCA; EPCRA; RLBHRA; FIFRA; ODA; NEPA; NAAEC;
LPA-US/MX-BR.
313
-------
Compliance Monitoring
Program Area: Compliance
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$99,400.0
$0.0
$1,216.0
$100,616.0
612.3
FY2010
Actuals
$97,937.7
$0.0
$1,181.8
$99,119.5
593.0
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$99,400.0
$0.0
$1,216.0
$100,616.0
612.3
FY2012
Pres Budget
$119,648.0
$138.0
$1,222.0
$121,008.0
617.6
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$20,248.0
$138.0
$6.0
$20,392.0
5.3
Program Project Description:
The Compliance Monitoring program's overarching goal is to assure compliance with the
nation's environmental laws and protect human health and the environment through a program of
inspections and other compliance monitoring activities. Compliance monitoring comprises all
activities to determine whether regulated entities are in compliance with applicable laws,
regulations, permit conditions and settlement agreements. In addition, compliance monitoring
activities are conducted to determine whether conditions exist that may present imminent and
substantial endangerment to human health and the environment. Compliance monitoring
activities include data collection, analysis and review, on-site compliance
inspections/evaluations, investigations, and reviews of facility records and monitoring reports.
EPA's Compliance Monitoring program includes the management of compliance and
enforcement data and information systems, and the use of the data to manage the compliance and
enforcement program.36 The program also responds to information requests, tips, and complaints
from the public. The Agency uses multi-media approaches - such as cross-media inspections,
sector initiatives, and risk-based targeting - to take a more holistic approach to protecting
ecosystems and to solving the more intractable environmental problems. EPA's Compliance
Monitoring activities target areas that pose significant risks to human health or the environment,
display patterns of non-compliance, or involve disproportionately exposed populations. In
addition, as a part of this program, the Agency reviews and responds to 100 percent of the
notices for movement of hazardous waste across U.S. international borders. The Agency ensures
that these wastes are properly handled in accordance with international agreements and Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.37
EPA coordinates with, provides support to, and oversees the performance of states, local agencies
and tribal governments that conduct compliance monitoring activities. The Agency's Compliance
36 For more information, refer to: www.epa.gov/compliance/monitoring /index.html.
37 For more information about the Import/Export program, refer to: www.epa.gov/compliance/intemational/importexport.html.
314
-------
Monitoring program also provides technical assistance and training to federal, state and tribal
inspectors. EPA's efforts complement state and tribal programs to ensure compliance with laws
throughout the United States. EPA works with states and tribes to identify where these
compliance inspections, evaluations, and investigations will have the greatest impact on achieving
environmental results.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, as part of EPA's Regaining Ground in Compliance Initiative, the Agency is
proposing to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the compliance monitoring program
with an emphasis on electronic reporting (e-reporting), enhanced data systems to collect,
synthesize and disseminate monitoring data, and deployment of state of the art monitoring
equipment to the field. The old model relied heavily on individual facility based inspections
conducted by EPA and states to assess and compel compliance. EPA is concerned over the level
of non-compliance with environmental laws. Data that the Agency has - although not
comprehensive - paints a picture of noncompliance that is troubling. It is increasingly difficult
and expensive, for businesses as well as the Agency, to ensure compliance by using individual
site inspections, paper reporting, and other outdated tools and old approaches. As a result, the
old model must be revisited as the universe of regulated sources is outstripping the resources
available to state and federal inspectors. Electronic reporting combined with deployment of state
of the art monitoring equipment will substantially enhance the Agency's ability to identify the
most serious violations, detect pollution problems earlier, and assure compliance all while
increasing efficiency.
The Agency is proposing in this new model the following changes to its compliance monitoring
program:
> Rulemaking improvements. The Agency will review compliance reporting requirements
contained in existing rules to identify opportunities for conversion to a national electronic
reporting format. As part of the process of developing new rules, EPA will work to
identify opportunities where objective, self-monitoring and/or self-certification, public
accountability, and electronic reporting elements might be appropriate. Funding is
requested in a number of programs to support the transition to electronic reporting in
EPA's programmatic databases.
> Obtaining new monitoring technology. EPA will invest in modern monitoring technology
such as: portable emission detectors, thermal imaging cameras, flow meters, and remote
(fence line) monitoring equipment to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of our
compliance monitoring program. These innovative technologies will increase the ability
of EPA and states to detect violations across programs and focus our efforts on the most
significant problems.
> Using a market based approach for electronic reporting from regulated entities. EPA
will create an open platform "electronic reporting file" data exchange standard, modeled
after that used by the IRS to collect tax data. The intent is to unleash the expertise of the
private sector marketplace to create new electronic reporting tools. These private sector
315
-------
electronic reporting tools would be based on EPA data standards and would replace the
largely paper-based reporting systems that evolved over the past 30 years. Further, in
those programs where EPA has already built electronic reporting tools, the private sector
may, enhance these tools to better support industry needs, enabling EPA to largely
eliminate the need to continue to fund the operation and maintenance of these tools.
> Expand the capability of EPA and state data systems. EPA will expand its capability to
receive, analyze, and make publicly available information on the compliance status of
facilities and their impact on public health and the environment.
The Regaining Ground in Compliance Initiative will improve efficiency. At the same time,
prioritizing the focus of the Agency's work promotes the effectiveness of the program. In
February 2010, the EPA's Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program announced three
overarching goals to guide its work: 1) aggressively go after pollution problems that matter to
communities; 2) reset our relationship with states; and 3) improve transparency. At the same
time, the program announced the selection of new National Enforcement Initiatives for the FY
2011-2013 period, replacing the prior set of National Enforcement Priorities.38
The new National Initiatives include:
> Municipal Infrastructure - keeping raw sewage and contaminated stormwater out of our
nation's waters;
> Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) - preventing animal waste from
contaminating surface and ground waters;
> Air Toxics - cutting toxic air pollution from facilities out of compliance with the Clean
Air Act;
> Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration - reducing
widespread air pollution from the largest sources, especially the coal-fired utility, cement,
glass and acid sectors;
> Mining and Mineral Processing Initiative - protecting and cleaning up our communities
from toxic and hazardous waste; and
> Energy Extraction Sector - assuring compliance with environmental laws.
In FY 2012, the Compliance Monitoring program will continue to identify the most serious
violations in these National Initiatives so that appropriate enforcement actions can be initiated to
remedy the violations and achieve the stated goals.
38 EPA previously used the term "National Enforcement Priorities" to refer to these initiatives. EPA changed the terminology to
"National Enforcement Initiatives" to describe this work more accurately and to make clear that these areas of focus do not
include all the priority problems or compliance and enforcement work EPA is doing.
316
-------
To ensure the quality of compliance monitoring activities, EPA is continuing to develop national
policies, update inspection manuals, provide required training for inspectors and issue inspector
credentials. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to conduct training to ensure that the
inspectors/investigators are: 1) knowledgeable of environmental requirements and policies; 2)
technically proficient in conducting compliance inspections/evaluations and taking samples; and
3) skilled at interviewing potential witnesses and documenting inspection/evaluation results.
Compliance monitoring activities include oversight of and support to states and tribes, as well as
authorizing states/tribes employees to conduct inspections and evaluations on EPA's behalf.
EPA works across the Agency and with states and tribes to build capacity, share tools and
approaches, and develop networks of professionals that can share and help build expertise.
EPA monitors the quality of laboratory data that is required to be reported to the Agency by the
regulated community. In FY 2012, the Agency will work to improve its efficiency by integrating
technology and e-reporting into the inspection and evaluation process. Adopting 21st century
tools provides an opportunity to improve the timeliness and accuracy of data collection and entry
endows the program with uniformity in the inspection and evaluation process and increases the
speed for submitting inspection and evaluation reports.
Compliance monitoring includes the use of data systems to run its compliance and enforcement
programs under the various statutes and programs that EPA enforces. In FY 2012, the Agency's
focus will be on enhancing its data systems to support electronic reporting, providing more
comprehensive, accessible data to the public, and allowing for improved integration of
environmental information with health data and other pertinent data sources from other federal
agencies and private sources. The Agency will continue its multi-year project to modernize its
national enforcement and compliance data system, the Integrated Compliance Information
System (ICIS), which supports both compliance monitoring and civil enforcement. ICIS is in the
second of three phases of development:
Phase I of ICIS established a multi-media Federal enforcement and compliance database
in FY 2002.
Phase II of ICIS is the modernization of the Permit Compliance System (PCS), which
supports EPA and state management of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) program. As of February 2011, 34 states, 2 tribes, 8 territories and the
District of Columbia are using ICIS. In FY 2012, one additional state will move to ICIS,
with the last 15 states moving to ICIS in FY 2013, completing Phase II.
Phase III of ICIS expands the system to include the unique requirements of the Clean Air
Act stationary sources compliance and enforcement program through the modernization
of the Air Facility System (AFS). In FY 2012, EPA will continue to incorporate work
done in FY 2011 on system design, detailed business requirements and alternatives
analyses into ICIS-CAA system development. More specifically, in FY 2012, EPA will
continue work on the AFS modernization by implementing a pilot Air Toxics module in
ICIS to manage information for these sources. This information will be integrated with
existing ICIS capabilities for tracking inspections, compliance status and enforcement
actions. In addition, the AFS information will be added to our targeting tools and made
317
-------
publicly available through the Agency's Enforcement and Compliance History On-line
(ECHO) web si
using the data.
(ECHO) web site39, with easy-to-use tools added to assist the public in understanding and
EPA is committed to making meaningful facility compliance information available and
accessible to the public using 21st century technologies. EPA will continue to increase the
transparency of EPA's monitoring and enforcement program by making multi-media compliance
monitoring information available to the public through the ECHO Internet website during FY
2012. This site, and its powerful companion tool that serves more than 400 government entities,
the Online Targeting and Information System (OTIS), provides communities and regulators with
compliance status information, averaging approximately 187,500 queries per month in FY 2010.
The Compliance Monitoring program will help advance additional Administrator's priorities. In
FY 2012, EPA will continue its focus on improving the health of children by assessing how non-
compliance contributes to significant health risks in schools, and target compliance and
enforcement actions to reduce risks to children. In addition, the enforcement program will
continue implementing the Chesapeake Bay Executive Order 13508 through the Chesapeake Bay
program. The Chesapeake Bay and Mississippi River Basin initiatives will support the Agency's
priority to restore these water bodies by providing information about wet weather sources of
pollution. This also will ensure that these efforts result in an increase in knowledge, use,
transparency and public access to data about wet weather sources through: 1) building an e-
reporting module for getting non-major compliance monitoring data into ICIS-NPDES to pilot
with states in the Chesapeake Bay and the Mississippi River Basin; 2) building and deploying
targeting tools to help identify the most significant sources of non-compliance and discharges of
pollutants most responsible for the impairment of these important water bodies; and 3) making
all non-enforcement confidential data available, with easy-to-use tools to aid in the public's
ability to use and understand the data.
The Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990 directed the Agency to create the National Enforcement
Training Institute (NETI) to provide environmental enforcement and compliance training
nationwide to all levels of government. In FY 2012, NETI will continue to operate in its new
streamlined structure to promote and support enforcement training across the Agency, taking
advantage of web-based tools.
EPA will continue to review all notices for trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste and for
export of Cathode Ray Tubes to ensure compliance with domestic regulations and international
agreements. While the vast majority of the hazardous waste trade occurs with Canada, the
United States also has international trade agreements with Mexico, Malaysia, Costa Rica and the
Philippines, and is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), which issued a Council Decision controlling trans-boundary movement of hazardous
waste applicable to all member countries. In FY 2010, EPA responded to 1,820 notices
representing 560 import notices and 1,260 export notices.
The Agency will continue to implement the Energy Policy Act of 2005 by inspecting
underground storage tanks covering a wide range of industries including gas stations, chemical
1 For more information, refer to: http://www.epa-echo.gov/echo/
318
-------
companies and federal facilities. The program also will focus on monitoring compliance with
gasoline rules.
Work under this program project supports the Agency's Priority Goal addressing water quality.
A list of the Agency's Priority Goals can be found in Appendix A.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(409) Conduct
2 1,000 federal
inspections and
evaluations.
FY
2010
Target
FY
2010
Actual
FY
2011
CR
Target
FY
2012
Target
21,000
Units
Inspections/Evaluations
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(4 12) Review the
overall compliance
status of 100 percent of
the open consent
decrees.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
100
Units
Percent
Results will first become available for these measures at the end of FY 2012, and will be
reported in the FY 2012 Annual Performance Report and the FY 2014 Congressional
Justification.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$2,620.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-17.0 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(+$2,346.07 +10.2 FTE) This internal redirection reflects the Agency's efforts to
streamline and increase the efficiency of the compliance and enforcement program by
consolidating accounts and resources. Specifically, the Agency's FY 2012 Enforcement
and Compliance Assurance budget reflects changes in how the Agency will accomplish
its mission, a new cycle of national priorities and outcomes, and the program's evolving
role vis-a-vis the states. The additional resources are realigned from the Compliance
Assistance and Centers program and include $1,346.0 associated payroll transferred from
the Compliance Incentive program
319
-------
(+$1,906.07 +8.0 FTE) This redirection transfers resources from the Enforcement
Training program for the National Enforcement Training Institute's (NETI) support for
web-based training, cooperative agreements for the four Regional State Environmental
Environment Associations, and EPA's legal intern program. The additional resources
include $1,056 associated payroll for 8.0 FTE.
(+$9,631.07 +2.0 FTE) This increase supports the Agency's efforts to modernize
compliance monitoring and reporting as part of the Regaining Ground in Compliance
Initiative. The initiative promotes efficiency and effectiveness in the compliance
monitoring program with an emphasis on electronic reporting, enhanced data systems to
collect, synthesize, and disseminate monitoring data, and deployment of state of the art
monitoring equipment to the field to increase compliance with the nation's environmental
laws. The additional resources include $264.0 associated payroll for 2.0 FTE.
(+$1,540.07 +1.0 FTE) This increase will allow EPA to begin modernizing the Air
Facilities System (AFS) by building an Air Toxics module in ICIS to manage information
for these sources. This information will be integrated with existing capabilities to track
inspections, compliance status, and enforcement action and added to our targeting tools.
The information will be made public through the Agency's ECHO web site, with easy-to-
use tools added to assist the public in understanding and using the data. The additional
resources include $132.0 associated payroll for 1.0 FTE.
(+$2,000.0) This increase supports the design and development of ICIS-NPDES to enable
the electronic (batch) transfer of NPDES data from full batch states' system to ICIS-
NPDES via the Environmental Exchange Network. In addition EPA will provide
assistance to the full batch states to help them modify their own state systems to
electronically flow data to ICIS-NPDES via the Environmental Exchange Network.
(+$600.0) This increase is part of the Agency's Mississippi River Basin Initiative. The
Compliance Monitoring program will do the following: 1) build an electronic reporting
module for getting non-major permit data into ICIS-NPDES to pilot with states in the
Mississippi River Basin; 2) build and deploy targeting tools to identify the most
significant sources of noncompliance and discharges of pollutants responsible for the
impairment of this water body; and, 3) make all non-enforcement confidential data
available, with easy-to-use tools to aid in the public's ability to use and understand the
data.
(+$145.07 +1.1 FTE) This change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that
will help the Agency better align resources, skills and Agency's priorities. Specifically,
this change reflects a regional realignment of resources to enhance improvements in
NPDES data quality and the ability of the states data systems to interface effectively with
ICIS. The additional resources include $145.0 associated payroll for 1.1 FTE.
(-$425.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
320
-------
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$115.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
Statutory Authority:
RCRA; CWA; SOW A; CAA; TSCA; EPCRA; RLBPHRA; FIFRA; ODA; NEPA; NAAEC;
LPA-US/MX-BR.
321
-------
Program Area: Enforcement
322
-------
Civil Enforcement
Program Area: Enforcement
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$146,636.0
$0.0
$1,998.0
$148,634.0
988.5
FY2010
Actuals
$145,896.6
$0.0
$2,082.8
$147,979.4
980.8
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$146,636.0
$0.0
$1,998.0
$148,634.0
988.5
FY2012
Pres Budget
$191,404.0
$832.0
$2,902.0
$195,138.0
1,219.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$44,768.0
$832.0
$904.0
$46,504.0
230.5
Program Project Description:
The Civil Enforcement program's overarching goal is to assure compliance with the nation's
environmental laws to protect human health and the environment. Effective enforcement is
essential to deter violations and to promote compliance with federal environmental statutes and
regulations. The program collaborates with the Department of Justice and states, local agencies
and tribal governments to ensure consistent and fair enforcement of all environmental laws and
regulations. The program seeks to focus on violations that threaten communities, ensure a level
economic playing field by ensuring that violators do not realize an economic benefit from
noncompliance, and deter future violations. The Civil Enforcement program develops, litigates,
and settles administrative and civil judicial cases against serious violators of environmental laws.
EPA's National Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program is responsible for maximizing
compliance with 12 environmental statutes, 28 distinct programs under those statutes, and dozens
of regulatory requirements under those programs which apply in various combinations to a
universe of approximately 40 million regulated federal and private entities. In addition, as a
means for focusing its efforts, the enforcement program identifies, in three year cycles, specific
environmental risks and noncompliance patterns as national initiatives. The enforcement
program coordinates the selection of these initiatives with programs and regional offices within
EPA, and with states, local agencies and tribes, in addition to soliciting public comment.
EPA uses a variety of integrated tools to maximize compliance with the nation's environmental
laws. This includes assistance to regulated entities to ensure fair notice and to make clear how to
comply with regulations; compliance monitoring (i.e., monitoring compliance status, identifying
violations through on-site inspections, investigations, and collection and analysis of compliance
data); compliance incentives to motivate regulated facilities/companies to identify, disclose and
correct violations; and administrative, civil and criminal enforcement. In addition to using these
tools, the enforcement program provides oversight of state and delegated local agency
performance to ensure that national environmental laws are enforced in a consistent, equitable
323
-------
manner that protects public health and the environment. EPA also works directly with tribal
governments to build their capacity to implement environmental enforcement programs.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA leadership has focused attention on identifying where the most significant vulnerabilities
exist, in terms of scale and potential risk. In FY 2012, the Agency is proposing the Regaining
Ground in Compliance Initiative that will begin to harness the tools of modern technology to
make EPA's Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program more efficient and effective.
EPA is concerned over the level of non-compliance with environmental laws. Data that the
Agency has - although not comprehensive - paints a picture of noncompliance that is troubling.
It is increasingly difficult and expensive, for businesses as well as the Agency, to ensure
compliance by using individual site inspections, paper reporting, and other outdated tools and old
approaches. EPA must start using 21st century electronic reporting (e-reporting), monitoring
tools, and market-based approaches to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of our limited
resources in protecting human health and the environment and ensuring a level playing field for
American businesses.
Under this initiative in FY 2012, EPA will review compliance reporting requirements contained
in existing rules to identify opportunities for conversion to a national electronic reporting format.
As part of the process of developing new rules, EPA will identify opportunities to use objective
self-monitoring, self-certification or third party certification, public accountability, advanced
monitoring, and electronic reporting requirements. Electronic reporting replacing paper based
reporting is likely to be a common feature of most new rules, although the appropriate approach
and tools used for particular rules will vary.
EPA also needs to use more modern monitoring technology (e.g., portable emission detectors,
thermal imaging cameras, flow meters, and remote (e.g. fence line) monitoring equipment) to
increase the effectiveness and efficiency of our compliance monitoring program. Using modern
monitoring tools will allow EPA and state inspectors to do more efficient and effective
inspections and compliance verification. Modern monitoring will increase EPA's ability to
detect violations across all programs and target enforcement resources towards the biggest
problems. Maximizing the use of advanced data and monitoring tools will allow EPA to focus
its limited inspection and enforcement resources in those areas where they are most effective or
most necessary such as: complex industrial operations that require physical inspection, repeat
violators, cases involving significant harm to human health or the environment, or potential
criminal violations.
In FY 2010, through its efforts in the core program and national initiatives, EPA achieved
pollution reduction commitments totaling 1.5 billion pounds. In FY 2011-2013, the Agency will
continue to focus on complex and challenging national pollution, problems including Clean
Water Act "wet weather" discharges, violations of the Clean Air Act New Source
Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration (NSR/PSD) requirements and Air Toxics
regulations, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) violations at mineral
processing facilities, as well as assessing and addressing emerging problems in the energy
extraction sector. Information on initiatives, regulatory requirements, enforcement alerts and
324
-------
EPA results will be made available to the public and the regulated community on EPA's web
sites.40
EPA's response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill will continue in FY 2012, as our civil
enforcement resources provide primary support for the U.S. Department of Justice's civil action
against BP, Anadarko, and others responsible for the Deepwater Horizon incident. The
Department of Justice filed its complaint on behalf of EPA, the Coast Guard and other federal
plaintiffs in December 2010, and EPA expects to be actively participating in this litigation,
discovery, and response to court orders throughout FY 2012 and has requested additional
resources to support this work.
EPA will collaborate with states, tribes and communities to reduce air toxics pollution, especially
pollution affecting vulnerable communities. In FY 2012, EPA will continue to support the air
toxics initiative by targeting air monitoring, inspections, and enforcement activities in
communities. Through targeting air monitoring, inspections and enforcement activities the
program will reduce toxic emissions for critical areas.
EPA's RCRA Corrective Action enforcement program supports the goal set by the Agency and
its state partners of attaining remedy construction at 95 percent of 3,747 RCRA facilities by the
year 2020. In 2010, EPA issued the "National Enforcement Strategy for Corrective Action" to
promote and communicate nationally consistent enforcement and compliance assurance
principles, practices and tools to help achieve this goal. In FY 2012, EPA will continue targeted
enforcement under this strategy and will work with its state partners to assess the contribution of
enforcement in achieving the 2020 goal.
The Civil Enforcement program encompasses the full range of environmental issues - water, air,
waste, and others - at federal sites as well. The Federal Facilities Enforcement program will
continue to expeditiously pursue enforcement actions at Federal facilities where significant
violations are discovered, with a specific focus expected on noncompliance with stormwater,
underground storage tank, and RCRA waste requirements. The program will also continue its
partnership in FedCenter, the federal facility environmental stewardship and compliance
assistance center cosponsored by a dozen federal agencies.
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 requires increased use of renewable
fuels. In FY 2012, the Civil Enforcement program will help the regulated community understand
their statutory obligations under the EISA; inspect renewable fuel production facilities; monitor
compliance with renewable fuel requirements; monitor and enforce the credit trading program;
and, undertake administrative and judicial enforcement actions against violators.
Other base activities will continue in FY 2012, and reliable information on compliance and
program performance remains critical. EPA's Civil Enforcement program will continue to rely
heavily on the Integrated Compliance Information System to manage its compliance and
enforcement activities by tracking the status of all civil judicial and administrative enforcement
actions, as well as compliance and enforcement results.
For more information, visit http://www.epa.gov/oecaerth/civil/index.html
325
-------
The Civil Enforcement program also will support the Environmental Justice program by focusing
enforcement actions on industries that have repeatedly violated environmental laws in
communities that may be disproportionately exposed to risks and harm from the environment,
including minority and/or low-income areas. EPA works to protect these and other burdened
communities from adverse human health and environmental effects of its programs consistent
with environmental and civil rights laws.
Work under this program project supports the EPA's Priority Goal, addressing water quality
(specified in full in Appendix A).
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(400) Reduce, treat, or
eliminate 480 million
estimated pounds of air
pollutants through
concluded enforcement
actions.
FY 2010
Target
480
FY 2010
Actual
410
FY2011
CR
Target
480
FY 2012
Target
480
Units
Million
Pounds
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(402) Reduce, treat, or
eliminate 320 million
estimated pounds of
water pollutants
through concluded
enforcement actions.
FY 2010
Target
320
FY 2010
Actual
1,000
FY2011
CR
Target
320
FY 2012
Target
320
Units
Million
Pounds
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(404) Reduce, treat, or
eliminate 3.8 million
estimated pounds of
toxic and pesticide
pollutants through
concluded enforcement
actions.
FY 2010
Target
3.8
FY 2010
Actual
8.3
FY2011
CR
Target
3.8
FY 2012
Target
3.8
Units
Million
Pounds
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(405) Reduce, treat, or
eliminate 6,500 million
estimated pounds of
FY 2010
Target
6,500
FY 2010
Actual
11,800
FY2011
CR
Target
6,500
FY 2012
Target
6,500
Units
Million
Pounds
326
-------
Measure
Type
Measure
hazardous waste
through concluded
enforcement actions.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
Units
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(410) Initiate 3,900
civil judicial and
administrative
enforcement cases.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
3,900
Units
Cases
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(4 11) Conclude 3,800
civil judicial and
administrative
enforcement cases.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
3,800
Units
Cases
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$4,765.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-7.6 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(+$32,120.07 +214.8 FTE) This increase reflects the Agency's efforts to streamline and
increase the efficiency of the compliance and enforcement program by consolidating
accounts and resources, redirecting 152.3 FTE from the Compliance Assistance and
Centers program and 62.5 FTE from the Compliance Incentives program. The Agency's
FY 2012 Enforcement and Compliance Assurance budget reflects changes in how the
Agency will accomplish its mission, a new cycle of national priorities and outcomes, and
the program's evolving role vis-a-vis the states. The additional resources include
$29,232.0 associated payroll for 214.8 FTE.
(+$2,000.07 +13.3 FTE) This reflects an increase in the Civil Enforcement program to
support Compliance Assistance and Incentives activities. The additional resources
include $1,862.0 associated payroll.
(-$1,106.07 -7.9 FTE) This decrease reflects 7.4 FTE transferred to the Criminal
Enforcement to accurately reflect the current legal support the regions are providing to
the Criminal Enforcement program and 0.5 FTE to NEPA Implementation program to
327
-------
review Environmental Impact Statements. The reduced resources include $1,106.0
associated payroll for 7.9 FTE.
(+$4,567.07 +2.0 FTE) This increase supports the Agency's Regaining Ground in
Compliance Initiative efforts to increase compliance with the nation's environmental
laws. The investment will modernize the Agency's approach to enforcement by ensuring
new and existing rules require electronic reporting and revamping data systems to collect,
synthesize and disseminate monitoring data, and deploying monitoring equipment to the
field to increase support for the civil enforcement program. The additional resources
include $280.0 associated payroll for 2.0 FTE
(+$2,160.07 +6.5 FTE) This increase supports the enforcement component of an
Agencywide effort to reduce air toxics pollution within at-risk communities and around
schools and other places where children may be exposed. These resources will be used to
assess compliance with existing air toxics emission rules and pursue enforcement actions,
as appropriate. The additional resources include $910.0 associated payroll for 6.5 FTE.
(+$1,029.07+3.2 FTE) This increase is provided for Deepwater Horizon litigation
support, discovery management, and the continuing civil investigation against existing
and potential additional defendants. This litigation support is not being provided by the
Department of Justice. The additional resources include $448.0 associated payroll for 3.2
FTE.
(-$76.0) This decrease will reduce litigation and case support for lower priority cases.
(-$377.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$269.0) This decrease reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency
Initiative. This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and
reductions, including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies.
EPA will continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both
administrative and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$45.0) This decrease reflects a realignment of Agency IT and telecommunications
resources for Computer Security Incident Response Center from across programs to
Information Security program.
Statutory Authority:
RCRA; CWA; SOW A; CAA; TSCA; EPCRA; RLBPHRA; FIFRA; ODA; NAAEC; LPA-
US/MX-BR; NEPA; SBLRBRERA; CERCLA; PPA; CERFA; AEA; PPA; UMTRLWA; EPAct.
328
-------
Criminal Enforcement
Program Area: Enforcement
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$49,637.0
$8,066.0
$57,703.0
291.8
FY2010
Actuals
$49,043.2
$8,417.3
$57,460.5
284.3
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$49,637.0
$8,066.0
$57,703.0
291.8
FY2012
Pres Budget
$51,345.0
$8,252.0
$59,597.0
296.1
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
$1,708.0
$186.0
$1,894.0
4.3
Program Project Description:
EPA's Criminal Enforcement program investigates the most serious and complex environmental
crimes committed by individual and corporate defendants. The program protects human health
and the environment by providing federal, state and local prosecutors with the investigative,
forensic and technical evidence needed to successfully prosecute violations of environmental
statutes and associated violations of Title 18 of the United States Code such as fraud, conspiracy
and obstruction of justice. Successful prosecutions deter other potential violators, eliminate the
incentive for companies to "pay to pollute," and help ensure that businesses that follow the rules
do not face unfair competition from those that break the rules. Criminal enforcement also sends
a strong deterrence message in communities where residents have suffered disproportionate
pollution impacts, in part due to criminal actions.
These efforts support environmental crimes prosecutions primarily by the Department of
Justice's Environmental Crimes Section and the United States Attorneys, but occasionally by
state, tribal and local prosecutors. Special Agents (criminal investigators) evaluate leads;
interview witnesses and suspects; and review documents and data from environmental,
inspection, and other databases and files. Investigators remain involved during prosecutions,
testifying in court, assisting in securing plea agreements, or planning sentencing conditions that
will require defendants to undertake projects to improve environmental conditions or develop
environmental management systems to enhance performance.
EPA Special Agents also participate in task forces with other federal law enforcement agencies,
as well as state and local law officials, and participate in specialized training at the Federal Law
Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Glynco, GA and other locations. These joint efforts
and training help build state, local, and tribal environmental enforcement expertise, which
enables them to protect their communities and offer valuable leads to EPA's program.41
For more information visit: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/criminal/index.html.
329
-------
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the Criminal Enforcement program will continue to identify and investigate cases
with significant environmental, human health, and deterrence impacts while balancing its overall
case load across all pollution statutes. The program has completed its three year hiring strategy
to increase the number of Special Agents to 200 by the end of FY 2010. The Criminal
Enforcement program continues to "tier" significant cases based upon categories of human
health and environmental impacts (e.g., death, serious injury, human exposure, remediation),
release and discharge characteristics (e.g., hazardous or toxic pollutants, continuing violations),
and subject characteristics (e.g., national corporation, recidivist violator).
The Criminal Enforcement program will continue to enhance its collaboration and coordination
with the Civil Enforcement program to ensure that the EPA enforcement program as a whole
responds to violations as effectively as possible. The Criminal Enforcement program will work
with the Civil Enforcement program to identify national enforcement initiative cases and
violations of national EPA priorities that would most effectively be addressed through criminal
prosecution. This coordinated approach is accomplished by employing an effective regional case
screening process to identify the most appropriate civil or criminal enforcement responses for a
particular violation and by taking criminal enforcement actions against long-term or repeat
significant non-compliers, where appropriate. Focusing on parallel proceedings and other
mechanisms that allow the Agency to use the most appropriate tools to address environmental
violations and crimes will also facilitate coordination.
EPA's Criminal Enforcement program is committed to fair and consistent enforcement of federal
laws and regulations, as balanced with the flexibility to respond to region-specific environmental
problems. In FY 2012, criminal enforcement will continue to implement management oversight
controls and national policies to ensure that violators in similar circumstances receive similar
treatment under federal environmental laws. Consistency is promoted by evaluating all
investigations from the national perspective, overseeing all investigations to ensure compliance
with program priorities, conducting regular "docket reviews" (detailed review of all open
investigations in each EPA Regional office) to ensure consistency with investigatory discretion
guidance and enforcement priorities, and by developing, implementing, and periodically
reviewing and revising policies and programs.
In FY 2012, the program will continue to use data from the electronic Criminal Case Reporting
System (CCRS). Information associated with all closed criminal enforcement cases will be used
to systematically compile a profile of criminal cases, including the extent to which the cases
support Agencywide, program-specific or regional enforcement priorities. The program also will
seek to deter environmental crime by increasing the volume and quality of leads reported to EPA
by the public through the tips and complaints link on EPA's website and continue to use the
fugitive website42. The fugitive website enlists the public and law enforcement agencies to help
apprehend defendants who have fled the country or are in hiding to avoid prosecution for alleged
environmental crimes or sentencing for crimes for which they have been found guilty. Since the
For more information visit: http://www.epa.gov/fugitives/
330
-------
site was established in FY 2009, five fugitives have been captured, and two more surrendered to
law enforcement authorities.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(418) Increase the
percentage of criminal
cases having the most
significant health,
environmental, and
deterrence impacts to
43 percent.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
43
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(4 19) Maintain a 75
percent rate for
criminal cases with
individual defendants.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
75
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(420) Increase the
percentage of criminal
cases with charges
filed to 40 percent.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
40
Units
Percent
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(421) Maintain a 85
percent conviction rate
for criminal
defendants.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
85
Units
Percent
The four new criminal enforcement GPRA measures ("cases with charges filed," "criminal
defendants convicted or pled guilty," "percentage of cases with an individual defendant," and the
"percentage of cases with the most significant environmental, health and deterrent impacts") will
be reported in the FY 2012 Annual Performance Report.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1,610.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
331
-------
(-5.1 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(+$1,036.07 +7.4 FTE) This increase reflects a transfer from Civil Enforcement to
Criminal Enforcement to accurately reflect the current legal support the regions are
providing to the criminal enforcement program. The additional resources include
$1,036.0 associated payroll for 7.4 FTE.
(+$1,158.07 +3.0 FTE) This increase in resources, which includes $526.0 associated
payroll, support the Agency's efforts to address the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
litigation. This litigation support is not being provided by the Department of Justice.
(-$1,597.07 -1.0 FTE) This decrease reflects a reduced level of resources for the Criminal
Enforcement program, which includes $168.0 associated payroll for 1.0 FTE.
(-$96.0) The decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$403.0) This reflects a reduction in support for law enforcement telecommunications
and IT capabilities.
Statutory Authority:
RCRA; CWA; SOW A; CAA; TSCA; EPCRA; Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction
Act (RLBPHRA); FIFRA; Ocean Dumping Act (i.e., MPRSA); Pollution Prosecution Act; Title
18 General Federal Crimes (e.g., false statements, conspiracy); Powers of Environmental
Protection Agency (18 U.S.C. 3063).
332
-------
Enforcement Training
Program Area: Enforcement
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$3,2 78.0
$899.0
$4,177.0
20.8
FY 2010
Actuals
$3,220.0
$756.5
$3,976.5
18.4
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$3,2 78.0
$899.0
$4,177.0
20.8
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($3,278.0)
($899.0)
($4,177.0)
-20.8
Program Project Description:
EPA is required by the Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990 to provide environmental compliance
and enforcement training nationwide through the National Enforcement Training Institute
(NETI). The Enforcement Training program oversees the design and delivery of core and
specialized enforcement courses, through NETI43, that sustain a well-trained workforce to carry
out the Agency's enforcement and compliance goals. Courses are provided to lawyers,
inspectors, civil and criminal investigators, and technical experts at all levels of government.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the Enforcement Training program was consolidated into the Compliance
Monitoring program which houses other training activities. NETI activities and associated
resources were moved to the Compliance Monitoring program to serve as: 1) the central
coordination point for training that is planned and conducted by EPA offices; 2) the grant
management for cooperative agreements that provide training in the compliance and enforcement
areas to state programs; 3) the Legal Intern program; and 4) the lead source in conducting web-
based enforcement training.
Performance Targets:
Currently, there are no specific performance measures for this program project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,906.07 -8.0 FTE) This reduction transfers the remaining Enforcement Training
activities to the Compliance Monitoring program. The reduced resources include
$1,056.0 associated payroll for 8.0 FTE.
For more information, refer to: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/training/neti/index.html
333
-------
(-$1,372.07 -7.6 FTE) This reduction streamlines NETI by reducing support for classroom
training and increasing web-based training. The reduced resources include $1,103.0
associated payroll for 7.6 FTE.
Statutory Authority:
PPA; RLBPHRA; RCRA; CWA; SDWA; CAA; TSCA; EPCRA; TSCA; FIFRA; ODA;
NAAEC: LPA-US/MX-BR: NEPA.
334
-------
Environmental Justice
Program Area: Enforcement
Goal: Cleaning Up Our Communities
Objective(s): Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$7,090.0
$795.0
$7,885.0
32.9
FY 2010
Actuals
$9,567.4
$891.0
$10,458.4
32.6
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$7,090.0
$795.0
$7,885.0
32.9
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$7,397.0
$600.0
$7,997.0
32.2
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$307.0
($195.0)
$112.0
-0.7
Program Project Description:
EPA is committed to identifying and addressing the health and environmental burdens faced by
communities disproportionately impacted by pollution and supporting community efforts to build
healthy, sustainable green neighborhoods. The EPA's Environmental Justice (EJ) program
facilitates EPA efforts to engage communities in key decision-making processes and to integrate
environmental justice considerations in EPA programs, policies, and activities.44 The Agency
conducts and supports work to "open its doors" to historically underrepresented groups, such as
minority, low-income, and tribal populations. EPA also promotes the active engagement of
community groups, other federal agencies, states, local governments and tribal governments to
recognize, support, and advance environmental protection and public health for vulnerable
communities. The EJ program provides financial and technical assistance to empower low-
income or minority communities to protect themselves from environmental harm. The EJ
program partners with other Agency programs to create scientific analytical methods, a legal
foundation, and public engagement practices that enable the incorporation of environmental
justice considerations in EPA's regulatory and policy decisions. Finally, the EJ program
supports Agency efforts to strengthen internal mechanisms to integrate environmental justice
including communication, training, performance management, and accountability measures.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA will implement Environmental Justice activities consistent with the vision outlined in the
Agency's FY 2011-2015 Strategic Plan. EPA will work to reduce exposures for those at greatest
risk and ensure that environmental justice is integral to all Agency activities. The EJ program
will work with Regional and program offices to implement the Agency's annual action plan for
the Cross-Cutting Fundamental Strategy for Environmental Justice and Children's Health. The
EJ program also will continue to work with Regional and program offices to maintain an
44 For more information on the Environmental Justice program, please refer to:
www.epa.gov/compliance/environmentaliustice/index.html
335
-------
inventory of successful efforts that track and report progress in achieving results in communities
disproportionately burdened by environmental hazards.
In FY 2012, EPA's EJ program will intensify its efforts to incorporate environmental justice
considerations in the rulemaking process. An ongoing challenge for EPA has been to develop
rules that implement existing statutory authority while working to reduce disproportionate
pollutant burdens and cumulative impacts from multiple sources. In FY 2012, the EJ program
will work with Regional and program offices to apply effective methods suitable for decision-
making involving disproportionate environmental health impacts on minority, low-income, and
tribal populations. As part of this effort, EPA is working on technical guidance to support the
integration of environmental justice considerations in analysis that support EPA's actions.
In FY 2012, EPA's EJ program will continue to lead the integration of environmental justice
considerations into EPA's planning and performance measurement processes. The EJ program
will continue to develop guidance that will support Agency efforts to identify disproportionately
impacted minority, low income, and tribal populations, establish commitments to address them,
and measure and report progress.
In FY 2012, the EJ program will continue to enhance its capabilities of on-line tools to support
the integration of environmental justice considerations into the daily work of the Agency. The
EJ program will maintain EJView, a mapping and public access tool that enables public access to
environmental, public health, demographic, EPA grant and other environmental justice project
information. EJView will enable the public to examine environmental conditions in their
communities, track progress of grant-funded initiatives to address environmental justice issues,
and access other information about projects and issues of interest to their local communities.
In FY 2012, the EPA EJ program will work with other federal agencies to continue building
strong relationships with historically underrepresented communities. EPA will focus its efforts
to ensure the integration of environmental justice principles in environmental decision-making.
The EJ program will convene two full meetings of the National Environmental Justice Advisory
Council (NEJAC), the Agency's Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) committee on
environmental justice issues. These meetings will be augmented by meetings of issue-specific
workgroups and public teleconferences. The NEJAC is an important vehicle for ensuring
transparency and meaningful public involvement. Not only is the NEJAC charged with
providing advice to EPA on broad policy issue areas, it will be called upon to organize
community input regarding specific Agency actions such as the development of tools,
monitoring plans and community-based initiatives. Finally, the EJ program will support the
integration of environmental justice issues into the deliberations of other EPA FACA
committees.
In addition to planned FACA activities in FY 2012, the EJ program will work to promote the
integration of environmental justice principles in the programs, policies and activities of other
federal agencies. Pursuant to Executive Order 12898, EPA will continue to convene the
Interagency Working Group (IWG) on Environmental Justice and will use this mechanism to
provide and foster training and technical assistance to other federal agencies on the integration of
environmental justice in their programs. Moreover, the EJ program will use the IWG to identify
336
-------
collaborative opportunities to support the achievement of healthy and sustainable community
goals.
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to manage its Environmental Justice Small Grants program,
which assists community-based organizations and other groups in developing solutions to local
environmental issues. Since its inception in 1994, the EJ program has awarded nearly $38
million to more than 1,200 community-based organizations and other groups to support efforts to
address local environmental and/or health issues.
In FY 2012, the EJ program will continue to assist program offices and other environmental
organizations and government agencies in the delivery of customized training to increase the
capacity of their personnel to effectively address issues of environmental justice. This training
includes both in-person presentations and online training. Specific topics will include but not be
limited to environmental justice integration principles, incorporating environmental justice in
regulatory analysis, and discussions of pertinent statutory authorities.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives that benefit disproportionately
burdened minority, low-income, and tribal populations. Currently, there are no performance
measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$151.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-0.6 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(+$5.0) This reflects realignments and corrections to resources for telephone, Local Area
Network (LAN), and other telecommunications and IT security requirements.
(-$36.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(+$7.0) This change reflects a modest increase in contracts and grants to support the
Agency's Environmental Justice program.
(+$206.0) This reflects a redirection from Superfund to EPM dollars (no net gain in
program budget).
337
-------
(-$26.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
Executive Order 12898; RCRA; CWA; SDWA; CAA; TSCA; EPCRA; FIFRA; NEPA;
Pollution Prevention Act.
338
-------
NEPA Implementation
Program Area: Enforcement
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Promote Pollution Prevention
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY2010
Enacted
$18,258.0
$18,258.0
117.7
FY2010
Actuals
$18,313.4
$18,313.4
119.4
FY2011
Annualized
CR
$18,258.0
$18,258.0
117.7
FY2012
Pres Budget
$18,072.0
$18,072.0
115.2
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY2010
Enacted
($186.0)
($186.0)
-2.5
Program Project Description:
As required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air
Act, the NEPA Implementation program reviews Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) that
evaluate the anticipated environmental impacts of proposed major federal actions. The review
includes assessing options for avoiding or mitigating environmental impacts while making the
comments available to the public and allowing for public input. The program manages the
Agency's official filing activity for all federal EISs, in accordance with a Memorandum of
Understanding with the Council on Environmental Quality. The program also manages the
review of Environmental Impact Assessments of non-governmental activities in Antarctica, in
accordance with the Antarctic Science, Tourism and Conservation Act (ASTCA).
In addition, the program fosters cooperation with other federal agencies to ensure compliance
with applicable environmental statutes, promotes better integration of pollution prevention and
ecological risk assessment elements into their programs, and provides technical assistance in
developing projects that prevent adverse environmental impacts. The program encourages other
federal agencies to incorporate environmental justice considerations into their decision making
as they perform environmental analyses (both EISs and Environmental Assessments) under
NEPA. The Agency targets high impact federal program areas, such as energy/transportation-
related projects and water resources projects. The program also develops agency policy and
technical guidance on issues related to NEPA, the Endangered Species Act, the National Historic
Preservation Act and relevant Executive Orders (EOs).
45
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to work with other federal agencies to streamline, modernize, and
improve the NEPA process, by encouraging early involvement in the project scoping process;
promoting methods and training for engaging federal, state, local and tribal partners to develop
collaboration skills and successful collaborative agreements applicable to various stages of the
' For more information, refer to: www.epa.gov/compliance/nepa
339
-------
NEPA process; developing training for the public on NEPA requirements and effective public
involvement; and integrating the NEPA process with environmental management systems. The
program will continue to use the web-based NEPAssist environmental assessment tool, which
assists federal, state, local agencies and tribes with their NEPA responsibilities.
Work also will focus on a number of key areas such as reviewing and commenting on on-shore
and off-shore liquid natural gas facilities, coal bed methane development and other energy-
related projects; nuclear power/hydro-power plant licensing/re-licensing; highway and airport
expansion; military expansion in Guam; flood control and port development; and management of
national forests and public lands. In FY 2012, EPA will continue work related to the
Appalachian Coal Mining Interagency Action Plan, including the Cumulative Impact
Assessment of Mountaintop Removal - Valley Fill Mining operations. In addition, EPA will
continue its successful collaboration efforts with federal land management agencies in the west
to ensure the growing number of oil and natural gas development projects in that area do not
cause significant adverse air quality impacts.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act increased EPA's involvement with other federal
agencies (including scoping and collaboration efforts) on federal projects that required
environmental review by EPA pursuant to Section 309 of the Clean Air Act and NEPA. As of
December 31, 2010, appropriate NEPA reviews have been completed on nearly all (99.7%) of
EPA's ARRA projects/actions; EPA expects to be finished before FY 2012.
The NEPA Implementation program also guides EPA's own compliance with NEPA, other
applicable statutes and EOs and related environmental justice requirements. The NEPA program
will continue to ensure environmental justice concerns are properly addressed in all actions
where EPA must comply with NEPA. In FY 2012, at least 90 percent of EPA projects subject to
NEPA environmental assessment or EIS requirements are expected to result in no significant
environmental impact.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports the strategic objective to improve compliance under Goal 5.
Currently, there are no performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
* (+$435.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-2.3 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(-$276.07 -0.7 FTE) This change is a realignment of Mountain Top Mining resources
under NEPA to Mountain Top Mining efforts in other programs. These resources are
associated with Environmental Impact Statements for policies and approaches to
Appalachian coal mining. These resources include $94.0 associated payroll for 0.7 FTE.
340
-------
(+$67.0/ +0.5 FTE) This increase reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that
will help the Agency better align resources, skills, and Agency priorities to support the
Agency's energy-related NEPA reviews. The additional resources include $67.0
associated payroll for 0.5 FTE.
(-$55.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
* (-$284.0) This reflects a decrease in resources for NEPA related activities.
(-$9.0) This reflects realignments and corrections to resources for telephone, Local Area
Network (LAN), and other telecommunications and IT security requirements.
(-$64.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
CAA; NEPA; ASTCA; CWA; ESA; NHPA; AHPA; FCMA; FWCA; EO 12898.
341
-------
Program Area: Geographic Programs
342
-------
Great Lakes Restoration
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$475,000.0
$475,000.0
83.1
FY 2010
Actuals
$430,818.2
$430,818.2
86.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$475,000.0
$475,000.0
83.1
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$350,000.0
$350,000.0
84.1
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($125,000.0)
($125,000.0)
1.0
Program Project Description:
To restore and protect this national treasure, the Obama Administration developed the Great
Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI). Led by EPA, the GLRI invests in the region's
environmental and public health through a coordinated interagency process. As outlined in the
GLRI Action Plan46, this unprecedented program focuses on five major restoration priorities: (1)
mitigating toxic substances and restoring Areas of Concern; (2) reducing the impact of invasive
species; (3) improving near-shore health and reducing non-point source pollution; (4) improving
habitat and reducing species loss; and (5) improving the information, engagement, and
accountability in the program overall. The GLRI provides the level of investment and the
interagency coordination required to successfully address these five issues across the Great
Lakes region.
The Great Lakes are the largest system of surface freshwater on earth, containing 20 percent of
the world's surface freshwater and accounting for 95 percent of the surface freshwater in the
United States. The watershed includes 2 nations, 8 U.S. states, a Canadian province, more than
40 tribes, and more than one-tenth of the U.S. population. The goal of the Agency's Great Lakes
Program is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the Great
Lakes Basin Ecosystem, as required by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA)
and the Clean Water Act (CWA). EPA leads the Interagency Task Force in the implementation
of a FY 2010 to FY 2014 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Action Plan (Action Plan), avoiding
unnecessary duplication of efforts. Given today's fiscal constraints, such collaboration is even
more critical in maintaining progress on environmental priorities.
Pursuant to the Initiative, EPA works with its partners to select the best combination of programs
and projects for Great Lakes protection and restoration, using principles and criteria such as:
Ability to achieve strategic and measurable environmental outcomes;
46 http://www.epa. gov/greatlakes/glri/
http://greatlakesrestoration.us/action/wp-content/uploads/glri actionplan.pdf
343
-------
Feasibility for prompt implementation, for achieving visible results soon, and the ability
to leverage resources; and
Opportunities for interagency/interorganizational coordination and collaboration.
GLRI funds are used to strategically implement both federal projects and projects with states,
tribes, municipalities, universities, and other organizations. Projects and activities pursuant to the
Initiative will be at multiple scales (local, lake-wide, and basin-wide). (For EPA, this means that
these funds will not be directed toward water infrastructure programs that are addressed under
the Clean Water or Drinking Water State Revolving Fund program.) GLRI funds are distributed
by the EPA and are meant to supplement base funding for federal agencies' Great Lakes
activities. The other principal agencies involved in the GLRI are: United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department
of Health and Human Services (HHS), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Department of State (DOS), Department of Defense
(DOD-Army), Department of Interior (DOI), and Department of Transportation (DOT). In
addition to the GLRI, agencies have robust base Great Lakes programs that support ecosystem
restoration.
Funding will be distributed directly by EPA and through the transfer of funds to other federal
agencies for subsequent use and distribution. Grants will generally be issued competitively.
Agencies are expected to maintain their base level47 of Great Lakes activities and to identify new
activities and projects that will support the Initiative's environmental outcomes. EPA uses
adaptive management to make necessary Initiative program adjustments at appropriate times to
maximize results. Priority-setting, coordination, and oversight are done through efforts of the
Interagency Task Force. Transparency and accountability are priorities of the Initiative. EPA
also will ensure appropriate coordination with Canada as required by the Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In its third year, the GLRI will support programs and projects strategically chosen to target the
most significant environmental problems in the Great Lakes ecosystem through direct program
implementation by EPA and Interagency Task Force members. This will be accomplished by
issuing grants and other agreements to states, tribes, municipalities, universities, and other
organizations. Guided by the GLRI Action Plan, agencies are shifting efforts for a stronger
emphasis on implementation actions and results in the Initiative's focus areas. Programs and
projects expected to be initiated in FY 2012 will be selected via a planning process conducted
through the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force. This process includes competitive grant
programs to implement the Initiative by funding states, tribes, and other partners. Interagency
Task Force members will issue requests for proposals as soon as possible so some grants could
be undertaken during the 2012 field season. Key activities expected to advance environmental
progress within each of the Initiative's focus areas are described below.
47 As a starting point for identifying their base, Agencies were asked to use the March 2008 OMB Great Lakes Restoration
Crosscut Report to Congress.
344
-------
Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern:
Persistent toxic substances, such as mercury and PCBs, are still present in the Great Lakes at
levels that warrant fish consumption advisories in all five lakes. Thirty U.S. and binational Great
Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs) remain degraded with an estimated 38.9 million cubic yards of
contaminated sediments (as of September 2010). Ongoing sources of persistent toxic substances
to the Great Lakes include releases from contaminated bottom sediments, industrial and
municipal point sources; nonpoint sources including atmospheric deposition, agricultural and
urban runoff, contaminated groundwater; and cycling of the chemicals within the lakes.
Chemicals of emerging concern may pose ecosystem health threats and must be better
understood with respect to their hazards and routes of exposure, so that effective responses can
be implemented in a timely fashion.
Great Lakes Areas of Concern
River
XEighteenmile Creek
Buffalo
St. Clair
Kalamazoo
River Cllnton R
Detroit R
Calumet Rouge
River
U.S. AOCs
O Binational AOCs
Canadian AOCs
A Areas in Recovery
Delisted Canadian AOCi
1 1 R
Principal actions proposed to protect the Great Lakes from toxic substances, clean up
contaminated sediments, and restore AOCs include:
AOC Restoration. EPA will issue grants to states and other stakeholders to fund projects in
the AOCs to restore beneficial use impairments (BUI) (26 BUIs out of a universe of 261 are
expected to have been restored through FY 2012). Through the Great Lakes Legacy Act,
three to five sediment remediation projects will commence and will be supplemented with
345
-------
strategic navigational channel dredging by the US Army Corp of Engineers (USAGE),
habitat enhancements by US Fish and Wildlife (USFWS), and Brownfield restoration and
green infrastructure developments by the US Forest Service (USFS). FY 2012 funding of
Legacy Act projects is expected over time to result in remediation of over 400 hundred
thousand cubic yards of contaminated sediments and contribute to delisting of 1-2 AOCs.
Cumulative Volume of Sediment Remediated
via the Great Lakes Legacy Act Program
(As of January 2011)
2,000,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000 -
In
,000,000
5 800,000
3
^600,000
E
§ 400,000
200,000 -
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Calendar Year
Collections. EPA will assist states, tribes, and local governments in the removal of PCB
ballasts from schools. EPA will report results of collections of e-waste and pharmaceutical
waste in the Great Lakes basin.
Human Health/Safe Fish Consumption. EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR) will continue to work with states and tribes to enhance and
improve existing state/tribal fish consumption advisory programs. Long-term results are
expected to include measurable declines in mercury blood levels.
Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). EPA will award contracts to support EPA and
state efforts to develop and implement toxic TMDLs within the Great Lakes Basin. The
TMDLs will define the extent of toxic contamination, including mercury, PCBs, dioxin and
mirex throughout the basin. EPA will continue to support Michigan and New York's efforts
to define the extent of mercury, PCB, dioxin, and/or mirex pollution, and its potential
sources, in up to 200 impaired Great Lakes sub watersheds. Long-term results are expected to
include TMDLs addressing up to 200 impaired watersheds, which identify pollutant loading
capacities to guide pollutant reduction efforts in support of plans for restoring polluted
watersheds.
346
-------
Early Warning System to Detect New Toxic Threats. To inform management
interventions in a timely fashion, federal agencies, including EPA, NOAA, USFWS, the US
Geological Survey (USGS), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR), and the National Park Service (NFS) will continue to implement an early warning
system to detect new toxic threats to the Great Lakes utilizing enhanced monitoring programs
for Great Lakes fish, birds, mussels, and human biomonitoring, as well as sediments,
tributary source loads, and air deposition studies. Agencies also will assess toxicant effects
on food web dynamics and ecological health for key aquatic communities such as lake
sturgeon and benthic invertebrates.
Invasive Species.
Timeline of Aquatic Invasive Species in the Great Lakes
1800's
Purple
loosestrife
introduced
Into North
America;
Sea Lamprey
Observed In
Lake Ontario
1800-1
1921
1959
1988 1994
St. Lawrence Zebra mussels Asian carp
Seaway opens. Identified In (blgheadand
allowing Lake St. Clair silver) escaped
ocean-going
vessels access
to the Great
Lakes
960 1980'S
1982
Sea lamprey Spiny
expand Into the water flea
upper Great detected in Lake
Lakes due to Ontario
from aqua culture
ponds Into the
lower Mississippi
River due to floods
1990's
1900 1
2002 2006 2010
Asian carp Bloody red Use of
discovered shrimp eDNA
50 miles torn detected testing shows
Lake Michigan inMuskegon, that Asian
In the Illinois Rr*sr Michigan Cam are
and 21 miles
downstream of the
electrical dispersal
barrier
1
2000
198 2003
Round goby first Fishhook waterflea The North
reported In St. (Ceropoog/s pengol] America strain
Clalr Rrver Identified In Lake of the Viral
Ontario Hemorrhagic
alteration to the
Wetland Canal
Septicemia (VMS)
virus found In
Lake St. Clair
likely within
Chicago Area
Waterway
System
1
-2010
2009
Asian carp
found seven
miles
downstream
of the
electrical
dispersal
barrier
Progress toward restoring the Great Lakes has been significantly undermined by the effects of
non-native invasive species. Over 180 non-native species now exist in the Great Lakes. The most
invasive of these propagate and spread, ultimately degrading habitat, out-competing native
species, and short-circuiting food webs. New invasive species (such as the Asian Carp, which is
poised to invade the system) can be introduced into the Great Lakes region through various
pathways, including: commercial shipping, canals and waterways, trade of live organisms, and
activities of recreational and resource users. The Great Lakes are the aquatic gateway to most of
the interior United States. Once invasive species establish a foothold in the Great Lakes, they are
virtually impossible to eradicate and have the potential to spread to much of the rest of the
country; controlling species in the Great Lakes will slow or eliminate the spread to other regions.
Thus, invasive species must be controlled to maintain the health of the Great Lakes ecosystem
and to reduce risk to the interior U.S. It is expected that in FY 2012 much of the necessary Asian
carp work will be carried out through agencies base budgets.
Principal actions proposed to prevent new introductions of non-native invasive species in the
Great Lakes basin and stop the further spread of invasives within and out of the Great Lakes
basin include:
347
-------
Prevention. The Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration (DOT-MARAD)
the U.S. Coast Guard, and EPA will fund the further development of up to three ballast water
treatment systems for use in freshwater ecosystems by supporting the use of laboratory, land-
based, and ship-board testing and coordination with the maritime industry. Refinement of
sampling methodologies for treated ballast water also will continue. USFWS will deploy
portable boat washing units to limit the spread of invasive species by recreational boaters.
Early Detection and Control. EPA and USFWS will continue the targeted implementation
of monitoring surveys that will detect new invaders in Great Lakes locations and develop the
case studies needed for the development of a basinwide early detection program. USFWS
will support on-the-ground implementation of Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plans
for each Great Lake state, including three rapid response exercises/actions to demonstrate
and test multi-agency response capabilities. USDA-National Resource Conservation Service
(NRCS) will work directly with agricultural producers to implement conservation practices
that reduce terrestrial invasive species on approximately 800 acres. USFS will help
municipalities and tribes anticipate and address the impacts of Emerald Ash Borer. The Great
Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) will advance sea lamprey control methods using
pheromones and telemetry, ensuring that such implementation would not reduce existing sea
lamprey control efforts. ACE will enhance the use of barriers to further reduce Sea Lamprey
populations. Competitive grant funding from EPA will support agencies, local communities,
and organizations' actions to implement on-the-ground control efforts on approximately
1,800 additional acres in FY 2012, and enhance the development of new control
technologies.
What is the "Nearshore"?
The aquatic nearshore can be considered to begin at the shoreline and extend offshore to the depth at
which the warm surface waters typically reach the bottom in early fall, generally 20m - 30m deep, and
terrestrial nearshore areas range from narrow beaches to inland features influenced by Great Lakes
processes.
Lake Superior
',^/ ^ '/"*.
'. \
s
I-1 \
Legend
Nearshore waters vty" o 100 200 Km
348
-------
Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source Pollution. Great Lakes nearshore water quality has
become degraded, as evidenced by eutrophication resulting from excessive nutrients; harmful
algal blooms; the green algae Cladophora washing ashore to make unsightly, odiferous rotting
mats on beaches; outbreaks of avian botulism; and advisories at swimming beaches. The
environmental stressors causing these problems include excessive nutrient loadings from both
point and nonpoint sources; bacteria and other pathogens responsible for beach closures and
outbreaks of botulism; shoreline development and hardening, which disrupt habitat and alter
nutrient and contaminant runoff; and agricultural practices that increase nutrient and sediment
loadings. Nonpoint sources are now the primary contributors of many pollutants, but control
strategies to date have been inadequate to deliver the degree of stream and lake restoration
necessary for the protection and maintenance of the Great Lakes. However, implementation of
agricultural or other watershed best management practices can have multiple benefits, including
simultaneous reductions in runoff of soils, nutrients, and pesticides.
Principal actions proposed to reduce nonpoint source pollution to levels that do not impair
nearshore Great Lakes waters, and to restore and preserve the health of Great Lakes nearshore
areas, include:
Identify and Remediate Sources of Impairments to Nearshore Waters. To contribute to
the reduction or elimination of the number and severity of incidences of ecosystem
disruptions, including Cladophera growth, harmful algal blooms (HABs), botulism, and
other issues associated with eutrophi cation, NRCS, USFS, USAGE, National Park Service
(NFS), USGS, NOAA, and EPA will collaborate to: understand linkages between nearshore
impairments and their causal agents; enhance or implement practices to reduce the causal
agents, including the export of nutrients and soils to the nearshore waters; establish and
implement total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for phosphorus and other non-toxic
pollutants; and evaluate tributary transport of sediments and nutrients.
Improve Public Health Protection at Beaches. To assist local health officials in better
protecting beach-goers, NOAA, USGS, and EPA will collaborate with state, local and tribal
governments to: remediate identified sources of pollution or bacteria at beaches; increase the
effectiveness of monitoring for pathogens; model environmental conditions likely to result in
elevated levels of bacteria; and enhance communications to the public about daily swimming
conditions.
Place-Based Watershed Restoration. NRCS, USFS, USAGE, NFS, and EPA, in close
collaboration with state programs, will address high priority watersheds, including Fox River,
Saginaw River, Maumee River, St. Louis River, and the Genessee River, to: strategically
target where on-the-ground actions can be most effective; provide supplemental funding to
enhance existing conservation programs and management procedures; implement actions to
control nonpoint source runoff, erosion and sedimentation or to otherwise improve conditions
on a watershed scale; protect forest ecosystem services; and foster green infrastructure
projects, especially for stormwater management.
349
-------
Generate Critical Information for Protecting Nearshore Health. EPA, NFS, USFS,
USGS, and NOAA will collaborate to: assess the status and trends of nearshore water
conditions, tributaries and groundwater; implement indicators of land use change,
agricultural lands, and aquatic nearshore conditions; identify endpoints or interim target
levels that reflect watershed stressors; facilitate "green" operation of marinas and evaluate
potential contributions to nearshore impairments; and develop education and outreach
programs to increase awareness and understanding of various Great Lakes issues.
Sediment Loading in the Great Lakes Basin
as calculated by HIT I.RUSLE ' SEDMOD)
HUC8 sediment loading rate (tons/acre) (qualities)
0 004 - 0 025
0 026 - 0 050
Habitat and Wildlife. A multitude of threats affect the health of Great Lakes habitats and
wildlife. Habitat destruction and degradation due to development; competition from invasive
species; the alteration of natural lake level fluctuations and flow regimes from dams and other
control structures; toxic compounds from urban development, poor land management practices
and non-point sources; and, habitat fragmentation have impacted habitat and wildlife. This has
led to an altered food web, a loss of biodiversity, and poorly functioning ecosystems. The
principal actions proposed to protect and restore Great Lakes habitat and wildlife include:
Protecting and Restoring Native Species and Habitats Agencies will share data and
management priorities as well as implement protection and restoration actions to enhance
native species and habitats. Federal agencies (USAGE, Bureau of Indian AffairsBIA, EPA,
Federal Highway Administration-FHWA, FWS, GLFC, NOAA, NFS, NRCS, USFS, USGS,
350
-------
USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-APHIS) will continue to implement
projects directly and through grants and other agreements to reduce sedimentation and
nutrient inputs, restore natural hydrological regimes, improve water quality, and protect and
restore habitats including Great Lakes islands, beaches, sand dunes, and other coastal and
upland habitats. Long term results will include restoration and protection of 7,500 acres of
wetlands and associated uplands and coastal, upland, and island habitats; improved
ecosystem processes and functions; and, enhanced critical habitat for native species.
Improving Aquatic Ecosystem Resiliency. USFS, FWS, USGS, USAGE, and NPS will
begin implementation of projects directly and through grants and other agreements to remove
large woody debris in floodplains and streams, replace barrier culverts to restore fish passage
and stream/river connectivity, and restore forested edges in riparian areas. Long term results
will include benefits to populations of keystone species such as lake sturgeon, brook trout
and migratory birds; removal of 50 fish passage barriers; and restoration of 500 stream miles
for fish passage and stabilization of stream banks.
Managing Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species. FWS, USFS, and USGS will begin
implementation of projects directly and through grants and other agreements to benefit rare,
threatened and endangered Great Lakes species, focusing on actions identified in species
recovery and management plans. Long term results are expected to include progress toward
restoration of populations of targeted species and fisheries. BIA will issue grants and
partnership agreements to tribal organizations for projects to protect and restore tribal
wetlands and culturally significant species such as wild rice.
Tracking Progress on Coastal Wetlands Restoration. EPA, with partners, will collect
data for birds, amphibians, fish, invertebrates, plants, wetland extent and type, and water
chemistry in 20 percent of US coastal wetlands and provide summary information to decision
makers as part of a second year of coastal wetland monitoring. A cooperative agreement with
a consortium of 12 universities, states, and agencies is producing the first comprehensive
baseline of the health of U.S. Great Lakes coastal wetlands.
Accountability, Education, Monitoring, Evaluation, Communication, and Partnerships.
Oversight and coordination are critical to the success of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, as
are a comprehensive and efficient accountability system and establishment of well-defined
metrics to track progress. Also critical are activities to fill gaps in baselines, measure and
monitor key indicators of ecosystem function, evaluate restoration progress, and provide decision
makers with the information they need. This information needs to be based on best available
science, and compiled and communicated. Outreach, education, and partnerships are also crucial
in the effort to restore the Great Lakes. All of these elements are needed for informed decisions
and wise investments for results. Principal efforts in order to enhance information for decision
making include:
Implement Great Lakes Restoration Accountability System. EPA will implement and
refine the transparency and accountability system for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative,
including easy access to information and linkages to planning, budgeting, grant offering, and
results.
351
-------
Implement Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs). With and through the LaMPs, partner
agencies will implement LaMP programs and projects, using public forums to assist with the
transfer and dissemination of information.
Measure and Evaluate the Health of the Great Lakes Ecosystem using the Best
Available Science. Through direct program implementation, grants and other agreements,
federal agencies will enhance existing programs that measure and assess the physical,
biological, and chemical integrity of the Great Lakes, including the connecting channels.
EPA in coordination with other federal and state agencies will establish and implement a
statistically valid assessment, using a probability-based design, of Great Lakes water
resources, including the nearshore environment that coincides with intensive coordinated
science and monitoring efforts for the lakes. EPA and USGS will continue to advance
development and implementation of science-based indicators to better assess and provide a
better measure of accountability of actions to improve the health of the Great Lakes
ecosystem. EPA will continue to implement the Coordinated Science and Monitoring
Initiative with Environment Canada to address lake-specific science and monitoring needs in
Lake Huron in 2012, followed by Lakes Ontario, Erie, Michigan, and Superior in consecutive
years. EPA and USGS will take steps to improve infrastructure for uniform data quality
management and real time information access. NOAA, USEPA, USGS, USFWS, NPS, and
DOT will implement a coordinated interagency approach for increasing ecosystem resiliency
pertaining to climate change impacts. NOAA, USGS, and EPA will also work closely
together to enhance ecosystem and watershed predictive capabilities providing the necessary
link between science and management.
Support Great Lakes Restoration Education. EPA and NOAA will support Great Lakes
education and outreach, including the incorporation of Great Lakes protection and
stewardship criteria into education curricula. EPA and NOAA will foster additional
engagement and communication of stewardship principles.
Support Partnerships. EPA will lead and support coordination and collaboration among
Great Lakes partners to ensure that Initiative actions, projects, and programs are efficient,
effective, and supportive of the US- Canada GLWQA. The Department of State will support
the GLWQA through binational studies on cooperative efforts with Canadian partners on
issues of binational importance. Partnerships will be advanced and resources and capabilities
leveraged through existing collaborative efforts such as the Great Lakes Interagency Task
Force and its Regional Working Group, the US-Canada Binational Executive Committee, the
State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference, the US-Canada Great Lakes Binational Toxics
Strategy, Lakewide Management Plans, the Coordinated Science Monitoring Initiative and
Great Lakes Fisheries management.
EPA has led the Interagency Task Force in development of provisional funding allocations for
member agencies. Final funding allocations will be informed by experience with FY 2010 and
FY 2011 funding and the need for adjustments to Great Lakes priorities. One factor in the need
for adjustments will be the extent to which the priority of keeping Asian Carp out of the Great
Lakes has been incorporated in agency base budgets. EPA, following consultation with members
352
-------
of the Interagency Task Force, will select the programs and projects for funding. Provisional
allocations for the respective focus areas are:
Summary of Proposed FY 2010, FY 2011 and FY 2012 Provisional Allocations by Focus Areas
(Dollars in Thousands)
Focus Area
Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern
Invasive Species
Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source Pollution
Habitat and Wildlife Protection and Restoration
Accountability, Education, Monitoring, Evaluation,
Communication, and Partnerships
FY10
$146,946
$60,265
$97,331
$105,262
$65,196
$475,000
FY11
$101,364
$43,303
$54,402
$60,377
$40,554
$300,000
FY12
$117,000
$56,000
$72,000
$70,000
$35,000
$350,000
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(626) Number of Areas
of Concern in the Great
Lakes where all
management actions
necessary for delisting
have been
implemented
(cumulative).
FY 2010
Target
1
FY 2010
Actual
1
FY2011
CR
Target
1
FY 2012
Target
3
Units
AOCs
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(629) Number of
multi-agency rapid
response plans
established, mock
exercises to practice
responses carried out
under those plans,
and/or actual response
actions (cumulative).
FY 2010
Target
4
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
4
FY 2012
Target
10
Units
Number
Responses/Plans
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(635) Number of acres
of coastal, upland, and
island habitats
protected, restored and
enhanced (cumulative).
FY 2010
Target
15,000
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
15,000
FY 2012
Target
20,000
Units
Acres
353
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(433) Improve the
overall ecosystem
health of the Great
Lakes by preventing
water pollution and
protecting aquatic
systems (using a 40-
point scale.)
FY 2010
Target
No Target
Established
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
23.4
FY 2012
Target
23.9
Units
Scale
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(606) Cubic yards of
contaminated sediment
remediated (cumulative
from 1997) in the
Great Lakes.
FY 2010
Target
6.3
FY 2010
Actual
7.3
FY2011
CR
Target
8
FY 2012
Target
8.7
Units
Cubic Ycirds
(million)
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(620) Cumulative
percentage decline for
the long-term trend in
concentrations of PCBs
in whole lake trout and
walleye samples.
FY 2010
Target
10
FY 2010
Actual
43
FY2011
CR
Target
37
FY 2012
Target
40
Units
Percent
Decline
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(625) Number of
Beneficial Use
Impairments removed
within Areas of
Concern.
FY 2010
Target
20
FY 2010
Actual
12
FY2011
CR
Target
26
FY 2012
Target
31
Units
BUIs
Removed
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(630) Five-year
average annual
loadings of soluble
reactive phosphorus
(metric tons per year)
FY 2010
Target
0
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
0
FY 2012
Target
0.5
Units
Average
Loadings
354
-------
Measure
Type
Measure
from tributaries
draining targeted
watersheds.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
Units
Measure
Type
Efficiency
Measure
(623) Cost per cubic
yard of contaminated
sediments remediated
(cumulative).
FY 2010
Target
200
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
200
FY 2012
Target
200
Units
Dollars/Cubic
Yard
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(637) Percent of days
of the beach season
that the Great Lakes
beaches monitored by
state beach safety
programs are open and
safe for swimming.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
94
Units
Percent Days
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(627) Number of non-
native invasive species
newly detected in the
Great Lakes
ecosystem.
FY 2010
Target
1.1
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
1.0
FY 2012
Target
1.0
Units
Number of
Species
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(628) Acres managed
for populations of
invasive species
controlled to a target
level (cumulative).
FY 2010
Target
1,000
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
1,500
FY 2012
Target
2,600
Units
Number of
Acres
355
-------
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(632) Acres in Great
Lakes watershed with
USDA conservation
practices implemented
to reduce erosion,
nutrients, and/or
pesticide loading.
FY 2010
Target
2%
increase
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
2%
increase
FY 2012
Target
807
/O
increase
Units
Percent
(Acres)
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(633) Percent of
populations of native
aquatic non-threatened
and non-endangered
species self-sustaining
in the wild
(cumulative.)
FY 2010
Target
33%;
48/147
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
33%;
48/147
FY 2012
Target
35%;
51/147
Units
Number of
Species
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(634) Number of acres
of wetlands and
wetland-associated
uplands protected,
restored and enhanced
(cumulative).
FY 2010
Target
5,000
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
5,000
FY 2012
Target
7,500
Units
Acres
Measure
Type
Output
Measure
(636) Number of
species delisted due to
recovery.
FY 2010
Target
0
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
0
FY 2012
Target
1
Units
Species
EPA will track and report on progress under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Action Plan
through annual reporting on the 28 measures in the Action Plan. EPA also will report on the
following subset of those measures, including reporting progress in each of the focus areas of the
Initiative, through the federal planning and budget process.
Much has been accomplished under the GLRI since the targets were set, including issuing
Interagency Agreements with all key federal agencies; addressing the Asian Carp emergency in
the Great Lakes; issuing and starting numerous projects; and issuing a Request for Proposals by
which over $160 million in grants were selected. GLRI Action Plan targets were ambitious, yet
356
-------
achievable. However, reaching the GLRI Action Plan targets for FY 2011 and FY 2012 is
dependent upon many moving pieces falling into place. There have been several contributing
factors to delays in hitting Action Plan targets, including applicants for Legacy Act projects have
not secured the matching funds required by statute, so fewer new Legacy Act projects
commenced than anticipated;
However, EPA is working to address these challenges. To accelerate AOC remediation, EPA
will work to generate match funding from industry. EPA will continue to coordinate with
Superfund and RCRA corrective action programs to explore betterment opportunities, and to
seek to "dovetail" regulatory and enforcement actions with Legacy Act projects.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$143.0) This reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$124,760.0) Decreased funding allows EPA and partner agencies to address the most
important Great Lakes priorities in difficult economic times; however, there will be
impacts to each of the GLRI Focus Areas. Funding will be targeted to minimize the
impact of the reduction to on-the-ground and in-the-water actions, such as restoration of
beneficial uses in Areas of Concern, including Great Lakes Legacy Act projects;
nearshore work and habitat restoration in support of delistings of AOCs; and
development and implementation of ballast water treatment and other efforts to prevent
invasive species from entering the Great Lakes.
(+1.0 FTE) The FTE increase will support management and oversight of grants and
contracts necessary for implementation of the program.
(-$97.0) This reflects a reduction in travel.
Statutory Authority:
1990 Great Lakes Critical Programs Act; 2002 Great Lakes and Lake Champlain Act (Great
Lakes Legacy Act); CWA; Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act of 1990;
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000; North American Wetlands Conservation Act; US-
Canada Agreements; WRDA; 1909 The Boundary Waters Treaty; 1978 Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement (GLWQA); 1987 GLWQA; 1987 Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting
Substances; 1996 Habitat Agenda; 1997 Canada-U.S. Great Lakes Bi-national Toxics Strategy.
EPA is again proposing the statutory language pertaining to administrative provisions which was
included in the FY 2010 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act. Among other things, the language would give EPA independent statutory
interagency agreement authority and implementing grant authority in support of the Initiative and
the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and additional sediment remediation authority.
Continuation of this authority is important to the success of the Initiative. Agencies are expected
to use numerous other statutory authorities, intrinsic to their programs, in support of the
Initiative.
357
-------
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
48.9
FY 2010
Actuals
$53,192.7
$53,192.7
42.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
48.9
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$67,350.0
$67,350.0
51.5
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$17,350.0
$17,350.0
2.6
Program Project Description:
In May 2009, President Obama signed Executive Order (EO) 13508 to focus work to restore the
Chesapeake Bay. The purpose of the Executive Order is "to protect and restore the health,
heritage, natural resources, and social and economic value of the nation's largest estuarine
ecosystem and the natural sustainability of its watershed." It also declared the Bay a "national
treasure" while simultaneously acknowledging that the past 25 years had not seen sufficient
progress in restoring the health of the Bay and its watershed. The Executive Order also tasked a
team of federal agencies to draft a way forward for protection and restoration of the Chesapeake
watershed. This teamthe Federal Leadership Committee (FLC) for the Chesapeake Bayis
chaired by the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and includes senior
representatives from the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Homeland Security,
Interior and Transportation.
The FLC developed the Strategy for Protecting and Restoring the Chesapeake Bay Watershed,
which was released in May 2010. The Strategy is organized around four "Goal Areas" of work:
1) Restore Water Quality; 2) Restore Habitat; 3) Sustain Fish and Wildlife; and 4) Conserve
Land and Increase Public Access, as well as four Supporting Strategies: 1) Expand citizen
stewardship; 2) Develop environmental markets; 3) Respond to climate change; and 4)
Strengthen science. The goals laid out in the Strategy represent objectives to be accomplished
through 2025 by the federal government, working closely with state, local, and nongovernmental
partners. The Administration is committed to implementing the Strategy and restoring this
magnificent ecosystem.
Actions for which EPA is primarily responsible under the EO strategy include, but are not
limited to:
Providing expectations for and directing the development of watershed implementation plans
by the six Bay watershed states and the District of Columbia (D.C.);
358
-------
Establishing evaluation protocols for the watershed implementation plans for achieving
loading reduction targets under the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) to
achieve progress toward water quality goals;
Maintaining a Compliance and Enforcement Strategy for the Bay watershed placing a
stronger emphasis on compliance with existing laws;
Undertaking new rulemakings to reduce nutrient and sediment loadings to the Chesapeake
Bay from concentrated animal feeding operations, stormwater, new or expanding sources of
nutrient and/or sediment, and other pollutant sources as EPA deems necessary;
Establishing an enhanced partnership with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to
accelerate the adoption of conservation practices by agricultural interests in the Bay
watershed; and
Working with federal partners to expand the understanding of the toxic contaminant problem
in the Bay and its watershed and developing contaminant reduction outcomes and strategies.
In May 2009, the Chesapeake Executive Council pledged to put in place by 2025 all practices
necessary to restore the Bay's water quality standards for dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and
chlorophyll. Part of this new strategy to accelerate the pace of Bay restoration and become more
accountable included the setting of specific two-year milestones for each jurisdiction to reduce
pollution to the Bay and its rivers. These milestones will contain "contingencies" and be subject
to ongoing EPA oversight and backstopping actions where they fall short.
On December 29, 2009, EPA sent a letter to the Chesapeake Bay states that outlined the details
of a new accountability framework and the potential federal actions for inadequate plans or
failure to meet the performance milestones established. The federal actions letter48 noted that
EPA may exercise its discretionary authority to take any or all of the following actions as
necessary:
Expand the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit coverage
to currently unregulated sources;
Object to NPDES permits and increase program oversight;
Require net improvement offsets;
Establish finer scale wasteload and load allocations in the Bay TMDL;
Require additional reductions of loadings from point sources;
Increase and target federal enforcement and compliance assurance in the watershed;
! For additional information, please see http://www.epa.gov/region03/chesapeake/bay letter 1209.pdf
359
-------
Condition or redirect EPA grants based on demonstrated progress; and
Promulgate local nutrient water quality standards.
On December 29, 2010, EPA established the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load
(TMDL), a historic and comprehensive "pollution diet" with rigorous accountability measures to
initiate sweeping actions to restore clean water in the Chesapeake Bay and the region's streams,
creeks and rivers. The TMDL is required under federal law and responds to consent decrees in
Virginia and Washington D.C. dating back to the late 1990s. It is also a keystone commitment of
the EO strategy. The TMDL - the largest ever developed by EPA - includes pollution limits to
meet water quality standards in the Bay and its tidal rivers. The TMDL is designed to ensure that
all pollution control measures to fully restore the Bay and its tidal rivers are in place by 2025,
with 60 percent of the actions completed by 2017. The TMDL is supported by rigorous
accountability measures to ensure cleanup commitments are met, including short-and long-term
benchmarks, a tracking and accounting system for jurisdiction activities, and federal contingency
actions that can be employed if necessary to spur progress.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA is requesting $67.3 million for the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) which
includes work under Executive Order 13508. Work under EO 13508 can be categorized
according to the Goal Areas and Supporting Strategies identified in the EO Strategy. Most of
EPA's direct efforts center around the first goal and more detail is provided in the subsequent
narratives.
1. Restore Clean Water:
EPA implementation of the Chesapeake Bay TMDL for nitrogen, phosphorus, and
sediment to meet water quality standards;
EPA funding of Chesapeake Bay Regulatory and Accountability Program and
Implementation Grants;
EPA, U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) / National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) research and partnerships to address toxic pollutant
contamination in the Bay; and
EPA and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) partnership to develop suites of
conservation practices to improve water quality and targeting of technical and
financial assistance in high-priority watersheds.
2. Recover Habitat:
EPA, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
NOAA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE), Natural Resources Conservation
360
-------
Service (NRCS), and U.S. Forest Service (USFS) work to strengthen science support
for habitat restoration;
USFWS, NOAA, USGS; NRCS, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and
National Park Service (NFS) partnership to restore and enhance wetlands and to
conduct supporting research;
USD A, USFS, and USFWS partnership to restore riparian forest buffers; and
USFWS, NOAA, and NRCS work to restore historical fish migratory routes.
3. Sustain Fish and Wildlife:
NOAA and USAGE work to restore native oyster habitat and populations;
NOAA work to rebuild the blue crab population target;
USFWS, USFS, and NOAA work to restore brook trout, black duck, and other
species; and
NOAA, USAGE, USFWS, USGS, states, and local organizations partners to
strengthen science support to sustain fish and wildlife.
4. Conserve Land and Increase Public Access:
DOT, USD A, NOAA, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), U.S. Department of
Defense (DOD), states, and local agencies collaboration on the launch of a
Chesapeake Treasured Landscape Initiative;
NFS, USFWS, USD A, NOAA, USGS, DOT, and U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD) work on coordinated conservation actions; and
Watershed-wide GIS-based land conservation targeting system.
The schedule for this work will be established in annual action plans released by the FLC, the
first of which was released in September 2010. The success of this work will be documented in
annual progress reports released by the FLC, the first of which will be released in early 2012.
EO 13508 requires publication of the annual action plans and progress reports by the FLC.
Highlights of EPA's Actions to Restore Clean Water
EPA's focus in FY 2012 will be to continue to improve the rate of progress in the Chesapeake
Bay watershed by meeting the President's expectations as described in EO 13508, using the
Agency's existing statutory authority, implementing the Chesapeake Bay TMDL, developing
361
-------
more rigorous regulations, providing states with the tools necessary for effective regulatory
implementation, creating better tools for scientific analysis and accountability, and supporting
regulatory compliance and enforcement. The requested FY 2012 funding will allow EPA to
continue to provide state implementation and enforcement grants worth a total of $25.3 million
and to implement key initiatives under EO 13508, including: updating the TMDL and Watershed
Implementation Plans (WIPs) as envisioned in Phase II; implementing the TMDL; assisting
states in their Phase II watershed plans and conducting evaluations of them for reasonable
assurance; maintaining enhanced oversight of state permitting and compliance actions for the
various sectors; developing new regulations for animal feeding operations and stormwater
discharges; developing a publicly accessible TMDL tracking and accountability system;
deploying technology to integrate discrete Bay data systems and to present the data in an
accessible accountability system called ChesapeakeSfatf; implementing a Bay-specific
enforcement and compliance initiative; and moving forward on the Bay's challenges related to
toxic contaminants.
The Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) partnership is using independent program performance
evaluation to critically review components of the CBP and support enhanced "adaptive
management" efforts. EPA also will join the states in establishing two-year milestones for the
outcomes outlined in the EO strategy. The first set of two-year milestones is expected to be
released in FY 2012.
A centerpiece of EPA's FY 2012 activities is the implementation of the nation's largest and most
complex TMDL for the entire Chesapeake Bay watershed. A TMDL is essentially a plan that
defines how much of a particular pollutant may be discharged into a particular waterbody while
allowing the waterbody to meet its water quality standards and designated uses. EPA released
the final TMDL in December 2010. Prior to that release, the Bay jurisdictions developed WIPs
that included specific timelines for enhancing programs and implementing actions to reduce
pollution, with all measures needed to reach the TMDL pollution load limits in place no later
than 2025. In FY 2011 and FY 2012, the Chesapeake Bay jurisdictions will be expected to
develop and implement second-generation WIPs that define how the jurisdictions' TMDL
allocations will be achieved, in part, through local efforts. EPA expects that by 2017, pollution
controls will be in place that should result in approximately 60 percent of the required
reductions.
To support the TMDL, EPA will develop and initiate a tracking and accountability system to
ensure that the Bay jurisdictions are effectively implementing the TMDL. EPA will support an
increase of 35 sampling sites in the Chesapeake Bay Program's nontidal water-quality
monitoring network to better track TMDL progress. The sampling sites will provide better
measurements of nutrient and sediment load changes for major sources of pollution in more
localities. EPA will invest in bringing more non-traditional monitoring partners, including
watershed organizations, permittees, and local governments - into the monitoring network,
increasing the data available to assess stream and Bay health and responses to management
actions.
In FY 2012, EPA will use its technical and scientific analysis capabilities to provide
implementation support and guidance to the states and thousands of local governments that will
362
-------
be instrumental in meeting the TMDLs allocations. EPA will assist the jurisdictions in making
scientifically informed determinations of the most effective ways to meet their TMDL
obligations that will provide individually tailored solutions. Also, EPA is conducting
assessments of state developed offset and trading programs to ensure that they meet the
expectations for such programs expressed in the TMDL. The refinement and implementation of
this program will continue in FY 2012 to aid in identifying cost-effective solutions for meeting
the TMDL waste load and load allocations throughout the watershed. EPA's Air and Radiation
program will work with Region 3 and the Chesapeake Bay Program Office to analyze whether
additional reductions are needed to meet the air deposition load allocations.
In FY 2012, EPA also will continue the development and implementation of new regulations to
protect and restore the Chesapeake Bay. EPA will continue work on rulemakings under the
Clean Water Act to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment pollution in the Bay from
concentrated animal feeding operations, stormwater discharges from new and redeveloped
properties, new or expanded discharges, and other pollutant discharges as necessary.
EPA will use its resources to develop the scientific underpinnings of the new regulations, which
likely will include enhanced understanding of the loads contributed by various pollution sources
in specific geographies. EPA's Air and Radiation program is developing three rules that could
affect ambient air levels of NOx and, therefore, the deposition of nitrogen in the Chesapeake
Bay: 1) a replacement rule for the court-remanded Clean Air Interstate Rule; 2) the
reconsideration of the ozone standard that was promulgated in 2008; and 3) a secondary standard
for oxides of nitrogen and sulfur.
EPA will continue to support implementation of environmental market mechanisms as a means
of achieving the goals of the TMDL. Environmental market approaches show promise for
encouraging innovation and investment in conservation, improving accountability, reducing
costs of restoration, expanding opportunities for landowners, and creating new private incentives
for conservation and restoration. The basic premise of an environmental market is that an entity
that needs to reduce its effects on the environment can purchase credits to offset an equivalent or
greater amount of environmental improvement. The Bay TMDL establishes the expectation that
the Bay jurisdictions will expand or establish nutrient credit trading and offset programs to allow
development while continuing to reduce pollutant loads to the Bay and its tributaries. EPA also
is participating in the federal Environmental Markets Team, which includes more than 12
agencies working together to foster the expansion of water quality trading and other
environmental markets.
To ensure that the states are able to meet EPA's expectations under the TMDL and new
rulemakings, EPA will continue and, in some cases, expand its broad range of grant programs.
EPA will direct investments toward key local governments and watershed organizations based on
their ability to reduce nutrient and sediment loads via key sectors such as development and
agriculture in urban and rural areas. Most significantly, EPA will increase funding for state
implementation and enforcement from $20.3 million to $25.3 million, including $5 million for
implementation of the jurisdictions' WIPs. This additional funding will be targeted toward
supporting activities at the local level to implement the WIPs. EPA has developed new guidance
for implementation grants that ensures a high level of accountability for the use of these
363
-------
resources. These grants are an essential part of achieving the goals established for the
Chesapeake Bay and its watershed.
EPA's Chesapeake Bay Program has established a high level of accountability and transparency.
The next step in meeting that commitment to program partners and stakeholders is the
development of the Chesapeake Registry and Chesapeake^fatf. The Chesapeake Registry gathers
project and resource information from all Bay partners, including non-governmental
organizations, to track partner actions with current and expected progress against explicit
environmental measures and outcomes (i.e., restored water quality, aquatic habitat and fisheries,
healthy watersheds, and fostered stewardship). In FY 2012, EPA will work with key partners to
integrate their existing internal partner performance management data systems and refine the
Chesapeake Registry to better support state and federal implementation efforts.
ChesapeakeStat is a key element in the next generation of tools EPA is developing to
significantly enhance the accountability of program partners. ChesapeakeStat is a web based,
geo-enabled tool for performance-based interactive decision-making for all Bay partners. The
system allows the public to track progress and become informed and engaged in restoring the
Bay. A key feature of Chesapeake^fatf is the ability to target resources and activities to ensure
that taxpayer dollars are used most effectively. ChesapeakeStat provides an interface for existing
discrete systems and a newly deployed enterprise data engine for the Chesapeake Bay. In FY
2012, the Agency continue refining and improving Chesapeake<5Yotf.
Ensuring that the regulated community complies with the appropriate regulations is an essential
responsibility for achieving the goals established for the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. In
FY 2012, the continued implementation of the Compliance and Enforcement Strategy for the Bay
Watershed will target sources of pollution impairing the Bay. EPA's multi-year, multi-state
strategy combines the agency's water, air and waste enforcement authorities to address violations
of federal environmental laws resulting in nutrient, sediment and other pollution in the Bay.
More specifically, EPA's compliance and enforcement actions will be focused on the following
areas:
Identify and address industrial, municipal, and agricultural sources releasing significant
amounts of pollutants in excess of the amounts allowed by the Clean Water Act (CWA),
the Clean Air Act (CAA) and other applicable environmental laws;
Identify nutrient and sediment impaired sub-watersheds;
Identify key regulated business sectors that, when in non-compliance with current
applicable environmental regulations, contribute significant amounts of nutrients,
sediment and other pollutants to the Bay. The key regulated sectors, some of which are
also National Enforcement Initiatives for EPA, are:
o Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO),
o Municipal and industrial wastewater facilities,
364
-------
o Stormwater National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) point
sources including Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4s) and
Stormwater discharges from construction sites and other regulated industrial
facilities, and
o Air deposition sources of nitrogen regulated under the CAA, including power
plants;
Analyze the compliance records for facilities in the key regulated business sectors to target
investigations and inspections;
Investigate and inspect facilities in the key regulated business sectors and pursue
appropriate enforcement actions to ensure compliance; and
Identify appropriate opportunities for compliance and enforcement activities related to the
CWA wetlands protection program, federal facilities, and Superfund sites, including
remedial action and removal sites, and Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)
corrective action facilities.
In addition, enforcement resources will support the Agency's priority to restore the Chesapeake
Bay by providing information about wet weather sources of pollution. This will result in an
increase in knowledge, use, transparency, and public access to data about wet weather sources
through: a) building an electronic reporting module for getting non-major permit data into the
Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS)-NPDES to pilot with states in the Chesapeake
Bay; b) building and deploying targeted tools to help identify the most significant sources of
noncompliance and discharges of pollutants most responsible for the impairment of this
important water body; and c) making all non-enforcement confidential data available, with easy-
to-use tools to aid in the public's ability to use and understand the data.
Work under this program project supports the Agency's High Priority Performance Goal
(Priority Goal), addressing Chesapeake Bay water quality. A list of the Agency's Priority Goals
can be found in Appendix A. For a detailed description of the EPA's Priority Goals
(implementation strategy, measures and milestones) please visit Performance.gov.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(cb6) Percent of goal
achieved for
implementing nitrogen
reduction actions to
achieve the final
TMDL allocations, as
measured through the
phase 5.3 watershed
model.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
1
Units
Percent Goal
Achieved
365
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(cb7) Percent of goal
achieved for
implementing
phosphorus reduction
actions to achieve final
TMDL allocations, as
measured through the
phase 5.3 watershed
model.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
1
Units
Percent Goal
Achieved
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(cb8) Percent of goal
achieved for
implementing sediment
reduction actions to
achieve final TMDL
allocations, as
measured through the
phase 5.3 watershed
model.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
1
Units
Percent Goal
Achieved
Measure
Type
Efficiency
Measure
(233) Total nitrogen
reduction practices
implementation
achieved as a result of
agricultural best
management practice
implementation per
million dollars to
implement agricultural
BMPs.
FY 2010
Target
48,134
FY 2010
Actual
n/a
FY2011
CR
Target
48,134
FY 2012
Target
49,660
Units
Pounds/$M
For FY 2012, EPA, along with the other agencies involved in responding to the President's
Executive Order, will be working toward the 12 outcomes articulated in the EO strategy
document. These outcomes relate to the specific actions identified in strategy. Shorter-term
goals are identified in the annual EO action plan and will be refined in the federal two-year
milestones to be released in 2012.
366
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$5,000.0) This reflects an increase to provide the Chesapeake Bay jurisdictions with
additional funding to implement their watershed implementation plans (WIP). This
funding will allow the Bay jurisdictions to work more closely with their local
governments to identify and implement actions necessary to meet the nutrient and
sediment reductions required under the Chesapeake Bay TMDL. This should allow the
jurisdictions to meet the schedules identified in their WIPs and their two-year milestones.
(+$10,747.0) This reflects an increase to implement the Chesapeake Bay TMDL and the
President's Executive Order on the Chesapeake Bay, enhance state nonpoint source
programs and EPA Executive Order enforcement activities, and support innovative
nutrient and sediment removal projects. These activities include a range of reporting and
accountability initiatives, such as expanding the Chesapeake Bay monitoring network,
further development of Chesapeake^fatf, continued development of the Bay Tracking and
Accountability System, and implementation of an enforcement and compliance assistance
strategy designed specifically for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. This funding will also
support EPA efforts under the President's Executive Order, including working with
dischargers to the Chesapeake Bay, including federal facilities and agricultural interests,
to reduce their pollutant discharges to the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.
(+$50.0) This increase reflects additional travel to localities for WIP support.
(-$580.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas.
(+$2,133.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(+5.0 FTE) This change reflects a conversion of non-payroll funding into FTE to support
technical and legal expertise.
(-2.4 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act (CWA), 33 U.S.C. 26 et seq. - Sections 1267 and 1313.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.
Clean Air Act (CAA), 42 U.S.C. 85 et seq.
367
-------
Geographic Program: San Francisco Bay
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$7,000.0
$7,000.0
2.5
FY 2010
Actuals
$10,087.1
$10,087.1
1.9
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$7,000.0
$7,000.0
2.5
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$4,847.0
$4,847.0
2.3
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($2,153.0)
($2,153.0)
-0.2
Program Project Description:
The development of the Interim Federal Action Plan ("Interim Plan") for the California Bay-
Delta in December 2009 signaled the federal government's intent to protect and restore this
critically important ecosystem - one that provides water to 25 million residents, sustains one of
the most productive agricultural sectors in the country, and until recently supported a commercial
and recreational fishing industry that normally contributed hundreds of millions of dollars
annually to the California economy. The Interim Plan contained four cross-cutting federal
priorities: 1) work in closer partnership with the State of California and local authorities to
ensure smarter water use and restore healthy ecosystems; 2) encourage smarter supply and use of
Bay-Delta water; 3) work in a focused and expedited manner to address the degraded Bay-Delta
Ecosystem; and 4) help deliver drought relief services and ensure integrated Bay-Delta flood risk
management.
Improving water supply reliability and conservation of threatened and listed species remains a
focal point of emphasis. The federal government is participating in the development of the Bay-
Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP), a primary feature of federal and state collaboration on water
supply and conservation. In addition, over the past two years, the Obama Administration has
recognized that despite the careful planning for the BDCP, more immediate actions need to be
taken in order to address the California water crisis. The Department of the Interior (Interior), for
example, has invested over $500 million dollars in major projects to improve California's water
infrastructure, including the construction of the Delta Mendota Intertie, the Red Bluff Diversion
Facility, Contra Costa fish screen, a large number of water reuse and water conservation projects,
and the safety of improvements at Folsom Dam.
Further, U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USD A), National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)
have undertaken a number of other activities to restore habitat, increase direct drought relief
assistance for agricultural producers, and improve water quality. For example:
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) funded projects to diversify
wildlife refuge water supplies including a pilot project for several wildlife areas that are
368
-------
expected to yield over nine thousand acre-feet of water per year. Construction on these
three projects is scheduled to be completed in summer 2011;
In 2010, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) developed a $10 million
special Environmental Quality Incentives Program Drought Initiative to allow San
Joaquin Valley agricultural producers the opportunity to fallow severely eroded fields,
rehabilitate springs for stock water, and undertake other critically needed conservation
measures;
In an effort to assess the effectiveness of current water quality regulation in the Bay-Delta
and its tributaries, EPA will soon issue an advance notice of proposed rulemaking that
will focus on water quality impacts to Bay-Delta aquatic life from pollutants such as
ammonia, selenium, pesticides, emerging contaminants and water quality factors (such as
salinity and temperature) that restrict estuarine habitat and migratory areas; and
The Administration also plans to continue, as needed, water augmentation activities
developed in FY 2010 to provide increased assurance of available water supply from the
Central Valley Project (CVP).
The Department of the Interior and the Council on Environmental Quality co-chair the Federal
Leadership Committee for the Bay-Delta. Other member agencies are the Departments of
Commerce, Agriculture, the Army (Civil Works), and EPA. Each of these Departments and their
agencies are responsible for commitments under the Interim Federal Action Plan.
EPA has a diverse and active history of working with state, federal and other stakeholders
throughi
include:
throughout the entire estuary to protect water quality and ecosystem health. Program priorities49
Participation in federal and state partnerships aimed at resolving the challenges of
water quality, ecosystem health and water supplies;
Water quality improvements through Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs),
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), Nonpoint Source
Program, watershed plans and upgrading aging infrastructure;
Support for the San Francisco Estuary Partnership (National Estuary Program) and
the implementation of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
(CCMP);
Protection and restoration of streams and wetlands and the reuse of dredge material;
and
49 For more additional information on program activities see:
http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs^av_delta/strategicJ3lan/
http://resources.ca.gov/bdcp/. http://deltavision.ca.gov/. http://sfep.abag.ca.gov/
https://www.cfda.gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=838eOa426684bOfeb8abf6b8e60cb326
369
-------
Predicting, mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts on water quality.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary program will focus on the following activities,
which support Goal 3 of the Interim Federal Action Plan Addressing the Degraded Bay-Delta
Ecosystem:
Provide scientific support for Bay-Delta restoration to improve the understanding of:
o The causes of decline and methods for reversing the decline of pelagic
organisms in the Delta;
o Restoring the health of the San Joaquin River (San Joaquin River Restoration
Settlement Act, Public Law 111-11); and
o Pesticide and mercury pollutant loading.
Participate in a state/federal partnership to balance the competing water needs
between agriculture, urban uses and the environment, especially the Agency
commitments in the Interim Federal Action Plan of December 2009;
Increase effectiveness of regulatory programs to restore water quality and to protect
wetlands and streams following up on the Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
related to Bay Delta Estuary water quality issues issued in 2011;
Continue a competitive grant program to implement projects that improve water
quality and restore habitat in San Francisco Bay watersheds;
Strengthen ongoing implementation of the San Francisco Estuary Partnership's
CCMP by supporting a new strategic plan. Encourage focus on reducing urban runoff
impacts on water quality through watershed planning, Low Impact Development
(LID) and TMDL implementation;
Support the California Water Boards in implementing their Bay Delta Strategic Plan,
particularly reviewing/improving water quality standards;
Continue efforts to support studies that focus on preparing for the effects of climate
change;
Continue to support restoration of wetlands acreage; and
Strengthen monitoring to assist in Clean Water Act reporting and TMDL
implementation, particularly aimed at establishing a San Joaquin Regional
Monitoring Program.
370
-------
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports the Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
objective. Currently, there are no performance measures for this specific program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$8.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$2,005.0) This reduces the FY 2010 congress!onally directed funding increase for the
San Francisco Bay-Delta Program.
(-$156.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-0.2 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act (CWA).
371
-------
Geographic Program: Puget Sound
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
9.3
FY 2010
Actuals
$40,040.4
$40,040.4
8.5
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
9.3
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$19,289.0
$19,289.0
7.7
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($30,711.0)
($30,711.0)
-1.6
Program Project Description:
The Puget Sound Program works to protect and restore the Puget Sound, which has been
designated as an estuary of national significance under the Clean Water Act National Estuary
Program (NEP). EPA efforts are focused on the following high priority environmental activities
consistent with the State of Washington's 2020 Puget Sound Action Agenda:
Improving water quality and upgrading shellfish bed classifications;
Managing stormwater by implementing effective local watershed protection plans;
Reducing sources of toxics and nutrients;
Restoring and protecting nearshore habitat; and
Improving monitoring and science.
For more information, visit: http://www.psp.wa.gov/aa_action_agenda.php50
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the Puget Sound Program will accelerate improvements to water quality and
minimize the adverse impacts of rapid development in the Puget Sound Basin. The goal of the
Puget Sound National Estuary Program's Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan
(CCMP), approved in 2009, is to restore and maintain the Puget Sound Estuary's estuarine
50 For additional information please see:
https://www.cfda.gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=e7el6b26192b86b4bala48i775e6777e
https://www.cfda.gov/?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=fe6d95fee9f929947a9876314191fded
https://www.cfda.gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=Oade65acaede2fdc28a26fGdbf43262
https://www.cfda.gov/?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=8bd234el795d2cc71f81bc4f7a92269a
372
-------
environment by 2020, so that it will support balanced, indigenous populations of shellfish, fish
and wildlife, and support the extensive list of recognized uses of Puget Sound. The program will
significantly leverage federal funds with state and local partners to implement the CCMP with
special focus in the following areas:
Restoring and protecting nearshore habitat by implementing projects identified as
priorities in consultation with federal, tribal, state, and local partners. EPA's target is to
restore and protect approximately one thousand acres of tidally and seasonally-
influenced estuarine wetlands in FY 2012;
Providing technical and financial support to local governments to reduce the adverse
impacts of stormwater on the health of watersheds. Stormwater is a leading stressor on
watershed health as identified in the 2020 Action Agenda;
Reducing discharges of toxics and nutrient pollution by continuing to implement
reduction strategies developed with federal, state, tribal and local partners;
Supporting species recovery efforts with federal, tribal, state, and local partners;
Strengthening monitoring, performance management and science consistent with the
Science Plan developed by the Puget Sound Partnership Science Panel and the advice of
the Puget Sound Federal Caucus and Canadian partners. Areas likely to receive
continuing support will include monitoring of indicators for accountability purposes;
database support; refinement of pathogen, nutrient and toxics loading, circulation and
fate models; and watershed assessment work to support more effective implementation
activities related to water quality and salmon recovery; and
Improving water quality by supporting local efforts to identify sources of pathogen
pollution and implementing improved practices to reduce those sources. The goal is to
protect human health by upgrading harvest classifications of approximately 500 acres of
commercial shellfish beds in FY 2012.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(psl) Improve water
quality and enable the
lifting of harvest
restrictions in acres of
shellfish bed growing
areas impacted by
degrading or declining
water quality.
FY 2010
Target
1,800
FY 2010
Actual
4,453
FY2011
CR
Target
4,953
FY 2012
Target
5,453
Units
Acres
373
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(ps3) Restore the acres
of tidally and
seasonally influenced
estuarine wetlands.
FY 2010
Target
6,500
FY 2010
Actual
10,062
FY2011
CR
Target
12,363
FY 2012
Target
13,863
Units
Acres
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$4,000.0) This reduces FY 2010 congressionally directed funding for the Puget Sound
Ecosystem Research Initiative at the University of Washington's College of the
Environment.
(-$25,845.0) This reduces congressional directed increase in funding in the FY 2010
Budget for the Puget Sound Basin.
(-$765.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$86.0 / -1.3 FTE) This reflects a reduction in staff support for the Puget Sound
Program. The reduced resources include 1.3 FTE and associated payroll of $86.0.
(-$15.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-0.3 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act (CWA); Water Resources Development Act of 1996; Water Resources
Development Act of 2000; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA);
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA); Economy
Act of 1932; Intergovernmental Cooperation Act; Clean Air Act (CAA); Safe Drinking Water
Act (SWDA); Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Pollution Prevention Act; Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act; National Environmental Education Act.
374
-------
Geographic Program: South Florida
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$2,168.0
$2,168.0
3.9
FY 2010
Actuals
$2,321.5
$2,321.5
2.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$2,168.0
$2,168.0
3.9
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$2,061.0
$2,061.0
3.9
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($107.0)
($107.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
The federal government has made substantial progress in Everglades restoration over the past 18
months. Several key projects have commenced which, when complete, will help to restore
critical flows to Everglades National Park and protect the Everglades ecosystem. The U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USAGE) began construction of one mile of bridging on the Tamiami Trail
under the Modified Waters Delivery authority, the C-lll spreader canal, the C-43
(Caloosahatchee River) project, and the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands project. The U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (FWS) and U.S. National Park Service (NPS) are involved in efforts to
eradicate a wide variety of invasive species throughout the region. In 2010, the U.S. Department
of Agriculture (USDA) acquired easements on 26,000 acres under the Wetlands Reserve
Program in the Fisheating Creek watershed, preserving working agricultural lands that also
provide critical water storage and filtration. These are important successes and key milestones in
the restoration of the Everglades ecosystem.
The Administration also has studied the need for additional water flow to Everglades National
Park with additional bridging along the Tamiami Trail. A final Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS) was released in late 2010. Additionally, the USDA and the U.S. Department of Interior
(DOI) are partnering with farmers and ranchers north of Lake Okeechobee to protect the agrarian
landscape and implement conservation measures that benefit the entire Everglades ecosystem.
EPA's South Florida program coordinates activities in the Florida Keys, where water quality and
habitat are directly affected by the pollution from, and restoration efforts in, the Everglades. EPA
implements, coordinates, and facilitates activities including the Clean Water Act (CWA) Section
404 Wetlands Protection Program, the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program (CERP),
the Water Quality Protection Program for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
(FKNMS), the FKNMS Water Quality Monitoring Program, the Coral Reef Environmental
Monitoring Program, the Benthic Habitat Monitoring Program, the Southeast Florida Coral Reef
Initiative (SEFCRI) as directed by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, the Brownfields Program,
and other programs. For more information, visit:
http://www.epa.gov/Region4/water/southflorida/.
375
-------
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
All of the federal agencies contributing to the recovery of the Everglades Ecosystem are
advancing one or more of the following four key goals: restoring water flow; restoring habitat;
enhancing water quality; and conserving land. The EPA South Florida program targets efforts in
support of the third goal - enhancing water quality.
Finalize nutrient criteria for the State of Florida in October 2010 for lakes and flowing
water and in August 2012 for coastal areas and estuaries, consistent with the schedule set
out in EPA's January 2009 determination;
Assist with coordinating and facilitating the ongoing implementation of the Water
Quality Protection Program for the FKNMS, including management of long-term status
and trends monitoring projects (water quality, coral reef, and seagrass) and the associated
data management program;
Conduct studies to determine cause and effect relationships among pollutants and
biological resources, implement wastewater and stormwater master plans, and provide
public education and outreach activities;
Provide monetary and/or technical/managerial support for priority environmental projects
and programs in South Florida, including:
o Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative;
o FKNMS Water Quality Monitoring Program;
o Benthic Habitat (seagrass) Monitoring Program;
o FKNMS Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Program; and
o Water Quality Protection Strategy for the South Florida Ecosystem.
Implement the Wetlands Conservation, Permitting, and Mitigation Strategy;
Support collaborative efforts through interagency workgroups/committees/task forces,
including: South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force; Florida Bay program
Management Committee; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; and FKNMS Water Quality
Protection Program Steering Committee;
Under a consent decree, continue assistance with the development of Total Maximum
Daily Loads (TMDLs) for South Florida; and
Assist with the development of and tracking of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) and other permits, including discharge limits that are consistent with
state and federal law and federal court consent decrees.
376
-------
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(sf3) At least seventy
five percent of the
monitored stations in
the near shore and
coastal waters of the
Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary will
maintain Chlorophyll
a(CHLA) levels at less
than to equal to 0.35 ug
1-1 and light clarity(
Kd) )levels at less than
or equal to 0.20 m-1.
FY 2010
Target
No Target
Established
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
75
FY 2012
Target
75
Units
Percent
Stations
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(sf4) At least seventy
five percent of the
monitored stations in
the near shore and
coastal waters of the
Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary will
maintain dissolved
inorganic nitrogen
(DIN) levels at less
than or equal to 0.75
uM and total
phosphorus (TP) levels
at less than or equal to
.25 uM.
FY 2010
Target
No Target
Established
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
75
FY 2012
Target
75
Units
Percent
Stations
377
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(sf5) Improve the water
quality of the
Everglades ecosystem
as measured by total
phosphorus, including
meeting the 10 ppb
total phosphorus
criterion throughout
the Everglades
Protection Area marsh.
FY 2010
Target
Maintain
FY 2010
Actual
Not
Maintained
FY2011
CR
Target
Maintain
FY 2012
Target
Maintain
Units
Parts/Billion
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$86.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$21.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act of 1990; National Marine
Sanctuaries Program Amendments Act of 1992; CWA; Water Resources Development Act of
1996; Water Resources Development Act of 2000.
378
-------
Geographic Program: Mississippi River Basin
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$0.0
$0.0
0.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$6,000.0
$6,000.0
7.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$6,000.0
$6,000.0
7.0
Program Project Description:
Resources in this program project - supplemented by EPA support via the Surface Water
Protection and Gulf of Mexico programs - support grants for the implementation of state nutrient
reduction strategies, consistent with actions outlined in the Hypoxia Action Plan 2008, and the
Action Plan II. The 2008 Action Plan describes three goals and eleven actions needed to reduce
nitrogen and phosphorus, including the promotion of effective conservation practices and
management practices, tracking progress, reducing existing scientific uncertainties, identifying
the economic costs of hypoxia, and promoting effective communications to increase awareness
of Gulf hypoxia.51 EPA's work will continue to involve close collaboration with the U. S.
Department of Agriculture's (USDA) efforts to target critical watersheds for focused nutrient
reduction efforts and the efforts of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to measure progress in
nutrient reduction within the Basin. EPA will focus on the most significant contributors to
sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loadings at a state and watershed scale in selecting where to
award funds.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
The hypoxic zone that forms in the summer off the coasts of Louisiana and Texas is primarily
caused by excess nutrients, many of which originate from farms, urban areas, and industrial
facilities along the Mississippi River and its major tributaries (Ohio River, Illinois River, and
Missouri River). To address this pressing water quality challenge, EPA will continue to work
with state and federal partners to target the highest priority 12 digit HUC high nutrient load
watersheds in the Mississippi River Basin to demonstrate how effective nutrient reduction
strategies and enhanced partnerships, especially with the agricultural community, can yield
significant progress in addressing non-point source driven nutrient pollution. A key emphasis
will be encouraging partnerships with USDA and USGS to promote sustainable agricultural
practices, to reduce nutrient loadings in the Mississippi River Basin, to implement monitoring
programs to measure nutrient reductions, and to use an adaptive management approach, as
necessary and appropriate. EPA has been working with USDA's Farm Service Agency to
For more information, visit: http://www.epa.gov/msbasin/.
379
-------
identify Mississippi River Basin states interested in participating in a "farmable wetlands"
program that funds construction of wetlands to treat nutrients in a very cost-effective manner.
For example, EPA's Region 5 office is assisting the State of Minnesota to develop a farmable
wetlands pilot program in the Root River area of the state by providing technical assistance for
the design and siting of constructed wetlands.
In FY 2012, EPA will build upon our strong coordination with USD A and invest in the highest
priority watersheds in 3-4 states in the Mississippi River Basin through a competitive grant
process among the states. The states selected for funding will: implement strong, watershed-
based nutrient reduction strategies for point and nonpoint sources contributing sediment,
nitrogen, and phosphorus loading that contribute to water quality problems in nearby waters and
the Gulf of Mexico. These programs should target funds towards watersheds generating the
greatest nonpoint source loadings of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus and include monitoring
to document actual results from implemented practices. EPA and the selected states will also
coordinate with USDA on the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Mississippi
River Basin Healthy Watershed Initiative.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports the Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
objective. Currently, there are no performance measures for this specific program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$6,000.0 / +7.0 FTE) This reflects an increase for a competitive grant program to help
states implement watershed-based strategies to reduce nutrient loadings in the Mississippi
River Basin. The additional resources include $887.0 in associated payroll for 7.0 FTE.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act.
380
-------
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$7,000.0
$7,000.0
0.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$6,141.9
$6,141.9
0.0
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$7,000.0
$7,000.0
0.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$2,962.0
$2,962.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($4,038.0)
($4,038.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
EPA supports the protection and restoration of Long Island Sound through its Long Island Sound
Office (LISO), established under Section 119 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended. EPA
assists the states in implementing the Sound's 1994 Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plan (CCMP), developed under Section 320 of the CWA. EPA and the States of
Connecticut and New York work in partnership with regional water pollution control agencies,
scientific researchers, user groups, environmental organizations, industry, and other interested
organizations and individuals to restore and protect the Sound and its critical ecosystems.
The CCMP identified six critical environmental problem areas that require sustained and
coordinated action to address: the effects of hypoxia on the ecosystem, including living marine
resources and commercially valuable species, such as the American lobster; the impacts of toxic
contamination in the food web and on living resources; pathogen contamination and pollution;
floatable debris deposition; the impacts of habitat degradation and loss on the health of living
resources; and the effects of land use and development on the Sound, its human population and
public access to its resources. The CCMP also identifies public education, information, and
participation as priority action items in protecting and restoring the Sound. Priorities for CCMP
implementation with quantitative targets and timeframes were adopted in the Long Island Sound
Study 2003 Agreement.
The States of New York and Connecticut are actively reducing nitrogen through their innovative
and nationally-recognized pollution trading programs. In 2009, 106 sewage treatment plants in
New York and Connecticut discharged 39,011 trade-equalized pounds per day of nitrogen to
Long Island Sound. In 2010, the states restored or protected 1,361 acres of critical coastal
habitat, and reopened 13.1 miles of river corridors to diadromous fish passage through
construction of fishways or removal of barriers to fish passage. EPA will work with the states,
through the Long Island Sound Futures Fund Grant Program, to continue to assist in restoring
381
-------
and protecting critical habitat and reopening rivers to fish passage. See
http://www.longislandsoundstudy.net for further information.52
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA will continue to oversee implementation of the Long Island Sound Study (LISS) CCMP in
FY 2012 by coordinating the cleanup and restoration actions of the LISS Management
Conference as authorized under Sections 119 and 320 of the CWA.
In FY 2012, EPA will focus on the following:
Reducing the area of the seasonally impaired fish and shellfish habitats through continued
emphasis on lowering Sound nitrogen loads to alleviate low oxygen levels (a condition
called hypoxia). Specifically, LISO will work with the States of New York and
Connecticut to revise and implement the nitrogen Total Maximum Daily Load first
approved by EPA in April 2001;
Coordinating priority watershed protection programs through the Long Island Sound
Management Conference partners to ensure that efforts are directed toward priority river
and stream reaches that affect Long Island Sound. Watershed protection and nonpoint
source pollution controls will help reduce the effects of runoff pollution on rivers and
streams discharging to the Sound. Restoration and protection efforts will increase
streams!de buffer zones as natural filters of pollutants and runoff;
Monitoring (year-round and seasonal) for water quality indicators including: biological
indicators, such as chlorophyll a, and environmental indicators such as dissolved oxygen
levels, temperature, salinity, and water clarity. This monitoring will assist Management
Conference partners in assessing environmental conditions that may contribute to
impaired water quality and in developing strategies to address impairments;
Protecting and restoring critical coastal habitats that will improve the productivity of tidal
wetlands, inter-tidal zones, and other key habitats that have been adversely affected by
unplanned development, overuse, or land use-related pollution effects through the Long
Island Sound Futures Fund, administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation;
Promoting stewardship of ecologically and biologically significant areas, and
identification and management of recreationally important areas, will assist in developing
compatible public access and uses of the Sound's resources;
Coordinating with the Long Island Sound Science and Technical Advisory Committee in
conducting focused scientific research into the causes and effects of pollution on the
Sound's living marine resources, ecosystems, water quality and human uses to assist
52 For additional information see:
https://www.cfda.gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=6504cc92476fD5523fc836b5dc099c2f
382
-------
managers and public decision-makers in developing policies and strategies to address
environmental, social, and human health impacts; and
Coordinating with the Long Island Sound Citizens Advisory Committee to develop an
educated population that is aware of significant environmental problems and that
understands the management approach to, and their role in, correcting problems.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(H5) Percent of goal
achieved in reducing
trade-equalized (TE)
point source nitrogen
discharges to Long
Island Sound from the
1999 baseline of
59,146TElbs/day.
FY 2010
Target
52
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
1/701 1
FY2011
CR
Target
55
FY 2012
Target
56
Units
Percent Goal
Achieved
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(H8) Restore, protect or
enhance acres of
coastal habitat from the
20 10 baseline of 2,975
acres.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
250
Units
Acres
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(h'9) Reopen miles of
river and stream
corridors to
diadromous fish
passage from the 2012
baseline of 177 river
miles by removal of
dams and barriers or by
installation of bypass
structures.
FY 2010
Target
FY 2010
Actual
FY2011
CR
Target
FY 2012
Target
38
Units
Miles
Reopened
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$4,000.0) This reduces the FY 2010 congress!onally directed funding increase for the
Long Island Sound program.
383
-------
(-$38.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
Long Island Sound Restoration Act, P.L. 106-457 as amended by P.L. 109-137; 33 U.S.C. 1269.
Long Island Sound Stewardship Act, P.L. 109-353; 33 U.S.C.
384
-------
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$6,000.0
$6,000.0
14.0
FY 2010
Actuals
57,677.7
$7,671.7
12.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$6,000.0
$6,000.0
14.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$4,464.0
$4,464.0
12.4
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($1,536.0)
($1,536.0)
-1.6
Program Project Description:
Over the past two years, the federal government has renewed its commitment to the Gulf Coast
region. A series of Administration efforts have sought to better coordinate agencies' activities
strengthening the working relationship with Gulf Coast states.
In October 2009, President Obama created the Louisiana-Mississippi Gulf Coast Ecosystem
Restoration Working Group to consolidate and energize federal efforts in the two states. The
Working Group produced a "Roadmap" that sought to remedy several policy and process issues
that were impeding restoration progress. The process it set in motion has improved the working
relationship between the federal and state governments, and between federal agency
representatives in Washington DC and the region.
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill expanded the scope and visibility of restoration needs in a
region that had long experienced ecological impacts and highlighted the connection between
ecological health and the human environment. Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus recognized this
critical fact in his restoration recommendation to the President, outlining clearly the linkages
between economic, human, and environmental health and the importance of ending long-term
environmental decline in this region. The President incorporated many of the Secretary's
ecosystem restoration recommendations when he signed Executive Order 13554, establishing the
Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force.
While the Louisiana and Mississippi coasts - two of the most critically degraded areas in the
region - were the focus of the ecosystem restoration Roadmap and related working groups, the
recently created Gulf Coast Ecosystem Task Force, chaired by EPA, has expanded the scope to
address the myriad unique environmental challenges facing this ecologically rich, culturally
diverse, and economically important region. The Natural Resources Damage (NRD) Trustee
Council will focus on remedying the environmental impacts of the oil spill, while the Task Force
and its federal agency partners will focus their individual efforts on the broader suite of impacts
afflicting the Gulf Coast region. The Task Force also will assist the Trustee Council, as
necessary, to implement the NRD Restoration Plan. The Administration supports dedicating a
portion of civil penalties obtained from parties responsible for the oil spill to the Gulf Coast
385
-------
region; these funds will be an important resource for critical ecosystem activities by the Task
Force.
An important issue identified in the Roadmap and in Secretary Mabus' report was the need for a
broad vision and strategy to guide federal cooperative efforts to address the degradation of this
region and to reverse longstanding problems that have contributed to its decline. EO 13554
tasked the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force with developing a Gulf of Mexico
Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy within one year. The Strategy will identify major
policy areas where coordinated federal and state action is necessary and also will consider
existing restoration planning efforts in the region to identify planning gaps and restoration needs,
both on a state-by-state basis and on a broad regional scale. This strategy, combined with the
NRD restoration plan, will likely inform federal investments in ecosystem restoration in the Gulf
region over the next decade.
EPA's efforts in the Gulf of Mexico directly support a collaborative, multi-organizational Gulf
states-led partnership comprised of regional businesses and industries, agriculture, state and local
governments, citizens, environmental and fishery interests, and numerous federal departments
and agencies. The Gulf of Mexico Program is designed to assist the Gulf states and stakeholders
in developing a regional, ecosystem-based framework for restoring and protecting the Gulf of
Mexico.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
The Gulf of Mexico Program Regional Partnership's environmental priority goals are healthy
and resilient coastal habitats, sustainable coastal barriers, wise management of sediments,
improved science monitoring and management efforts for water quality and seafood safety, and
environmental education for underserved/underrepresented communities. These efforts will
continue to be important based on restoring the Gulf Coast region in the aftermath of the
Deepwater Horizon oil spill and in support of the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force.
FY 2012 activities of the Gulf of Mexico Program and its partners will include:
Coastal Habitats Are Healthy and Resilient
Healthy and resilient coastal habitats sustain many ecosystem services upon which humans rely.
Reversing ongoing habitat degradation and preserving the remaining healthy habitats is
necessary to protect the communities, cultures, and economy of the Gulf Coast. The overall
wetland loss in the Gulf area is on the order of fifty percent, and protection of the critical habitat
that remains is essential to the health of the Gulf aquatic system. EPA has a goal of restoring
30,600 cumulative acres of habitat by FY 2012 and is working with the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), environmental organizations, the Gulf of Mexico
Foundation, and area universities to identify and restore critical habitat. EPA will enhance
cooperative planning and programs across the Gulf states and federal agencies to protect wetland
and estuarine habitat.
Education and outreach are essential to accomplish the EPA's goal of healthy and resilient
coastal habitats; Gulf residents and decision makers need to understand and appreciate the
386
-------
connection between the ecological health of the Gulf of Mexico and its watersheds and coasts,
their own health, the economic vitality of their communities, and their overall quality of life.
There also is a nationwide need for a better understanding of the link between the health of the
Gulf of Mexico and the U.S. economy. EPA's long-term goal is to increase awareness and
stewardship of Gulf coastal resources and promote action among Gulf citizens. In 2012, the Gulf
of Mexico Program will establish public and private support for the development and
deployment of the Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Learning Centers Rotational Educational Exhibits
Initiative; will foster regional stewardship and awareness of Gulf coastal resources through
annual Gulf Guardian Awards; and will support initiatives that include direct involvement from
underserved and underrepresented populations and enhance local capacity to reach these
populations.
Sustainable Coastal Barriers
The Gulf Coast supports a diverse array of coastal, estuarine, nearshore and offshore ecosystems,
including seagrass beds, wetlands and marshes, mangroves, barrier islands, sand dunes, coral
reefs, maritime forests, bayous, streams, and rivers. These ecosystems provide numerous
ecological and economic benefits including water quality, nurseries for fish, wildlife habitat,
hurricane and flood buffers, erosion prevention, stabilized shorelines, tourism, jobs, and
recreation. Coastal communities continuously face and adapt to various challenges of living
along the Gulf of Mexico. The economic, ecological, and social losses from coastal hazard
events have grown as population growth places people in harm's way and as the ecosystems'
natural resilience is compromised by development and pollution. In order to sustain and grow
the Gulf region's economic prosperity, individuals, businesses, communities, and ecosystems all
need to be more adaptable to change. In FY 2012, EPA will assist with the development of
information, tools, technologies, products, policies, or public decision processes that can be used
by coastal communities to increase resilience to coastal natural hazards and sea level rise. EPA
is working with NOAA's Sea Grant Programs and the U.S. Geological Survey in support of this
goal.
Management of Sediments and Impact of Nutrients
The wise management of sediments for wetland creation, enhancement, and sustainability is of
critical importance to the Gulf Coast region, especially given locally high rates of subsidence, or
settling, and the regionwide threat from potential future impacts of climate change. To
successfully sustain and enhance coastal ecosystems, a broad sediment management effort is
needed that incorporates beneficial use of dredge material, and other means of capturing all
available sediment resources.
Healthy estuaries and coastal wetlands depend on a balanced level of nutrients. Excessive
nutrient levels can have negative impacts such as reducing the abundance of recreationally and
commercially important fishery species. An excess amount of nutrients is identified as one of
the primary problems facing Gulf estuaries and coastal waters. Over the next several years, the
Gulf states will establish criteria for nutrients in coastal ecosystems that will guide regulatory,
land use, and water quality protection decisions. Nutrient criteria could potentially reverse
current trends in nutrient pollution to coastal waters and estuaries, but the challenge is to prevent
387
-------
or reduce the man-made sources of nutrients to levels that maintain ecosystem productivity and
restore beneficial uses. In FY 2012, EPA will support coastal nutrient criteria and standards
development with a Gulf state pilot and will develop science and management tools for the
characterization of nutrients in coastal ecosystems. Because the five Gulf states face similar
nutrient management challenges at both the estuary level and as the receiving water for the entire
Mississippi River watershed, the Gulf of Mexico Alliance Partnership is an important venue to
build and test management tools to reduce nutrients in Gulf waters and achieve healthy and
resilient coastal ecosystems.
Any strategy to improve the overall health of the entire Gulf of Mexico must include a focused
effort to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf. Actions to address this
problem must focus on both localized pollutant addition throughout the Basin and on nutrient
loadings from the Mississippi River. EPA, in cooperation with states and other federal agencies,
supports the long-term target to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone from approximately 17,300
square kilometers to less than 5,000 square kilometers, measured as a five-year running average.
In working to accomplish this goal, EPA, states, and other federal agencies, such as USD A, will
continue implementation of core clean water programs and partnerships and efforts to coordinate
allocation of technical assistance and funding to priority areas around the Gulf.
Specifically, in FY 2012, EPA's Mississippi River Basin program will address excessive nutrient
loadings that contribute to water quality impairments in the basin and, ultimately, to hypoxic
conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Working with the Gulf Hypoxia Task Force, Gulf of Mexico
Alliance and other states within the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basins, other federal agencies,
and the Gulf Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, EPA will help develop and implement nutrient
reduction strategies that include an accountability framework for point and nonpoint sources
contributing nitrogen and phosphorus loading to the Gulf, as well as watershed plans that provide
a road map for addressing nonpoint sources. EPA will continue to coordinate with USDA and
with federal and state partners to support monitoring best management practices and water
quality improvement through work with the partner organizations and states and to leverage
resources to focus wetland restoration and development and habitat restoration efforts towards
projects with the Mississippi River Basin that will sequester nutrients as appropriate from
targeted watersheds and tributaries.
Improve Science Monitoring and Management Efforts for Water Quality for Healthy Beaches
The Clean Water Act provides authority and resources that are essential to protecting water
quality in the Gulf of Mexico and in the larger Mississippi River Basin, which contributes
pollution, especially oxygen demanding nutrients, to the Gulf. Enhanced monitoring and
research is needed in the Gulf Coast region to make data more readily available. EPA regional
offices and the Gulf of Mexico Program Office will work with states to continue to maximize the
efficiency and utility of water quality monitoring efforts for local managers by coordinating and
standardizing state and federal water quality data collection activities in the Gulf region. These
efforts will assure the continued effective implementation of core clean water programs, ranging
from discharge permits, to nonpoint pollution controls, to wastewater treatment, to protection of
wetlands. The Gulf of Mexico Program is working with NOAA, the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, and the U.S. Geological Survey in support of this goal.
388
-------
A central pillar of the strategy to restore the health of the Gulf is restoration of water quality and
habitat in 13 priority coastal watersheds. These 13 watersheds, which include 755 of the
impaired segments identified by states around the Gulf, will receive targeted technical and
financial assistance to restore impaired waters. The FY 2012 goal is to fully attain water quality
standards in at least 132 of these segments.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause public health advisories, halt commercial and recreational
shellfish harvesting, limit recreation, exacerbate human respiratory problems, and cause fish
kills. EPA is working with Mexico and the Gulf states to implement an advanced detection and
forecasting capability system to manage harmful algal blooms and for notifying public health
managers. The Agency expects to expand the system in FY 2012 by providing support for
taxonomy training in Yucatan and Quintana Roo which will complete the training in all six
Mexican States.
The Gulf of Mexico Program Office has a long-standing commitment to develop effective
partnerships with other programs within EPA, other federal agencies, and other organizations.
For example, the program office is working with the EPA Research and Development Program
and other federal agencies to develop and implement a coastal monitoring program to better
assess the condition of Gulf waters.
Performance Targets:
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(22b) Improve the
overall health of
coastal waters of the
Gulf of Mexico on the
"good/fair/poor" scale
of the National Coastal
Condition Report.
FY 2010
Target
2.5
FY 2010
Actual
Data
Avail
12/2011
FY2011
CR
Target
2.5
FY 2012
Target
2.6
Units
Scale
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(xgl) Restore water
and habitat quality to
meet water quality
standards in impaired
segments in 13 priority
coastal areas
(cumulative starting in
FY 07).
FY 2010
Target
96
FY 2010
Actual
170
FY2011
CR
Target
202
FY 2012
Target
234
Units
Impaired
Segments
389
-------
Measure
Type
Outcome
Measure
(xg2) Restore,
enhance, or protect a
cumulative number of
acres of important
coastal and marine
habitats.
FY 2010
Target
27,500
FY 2010
Actual
29,552
FY2011
CR
Target
30,000
FY 2012
Target
30,600
Units
Acres
For FY 2012, the Gulf of Mexico Program will continue to support specific challenges designed
to restore and enhance the environmental and economic health of the Gulf of Mexico through
cooperative partnerships and in support of the goals of the Strategy developed by the Gulf of
Mexico Ecosystem Restoration Task Force.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$109.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$45.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiencies Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$1,362.0) This reduces the FY 2010 congressionally directed funding increase for the
Gulf of Mexico program.
(-1.0 FTE) This change reflects EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the
Agency better align resources, skills and Agency priorities.
(-0.6 FTE) This decrease reflects a realignment of total FTEs to better reflect utilization
rates.
(-$20.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act.
390
-------
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$4,000.0
$4,000.0
0.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$486.9
$486.9
0.0
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$4,000.0
$4,000.0
0.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$1,399.0
$1,399.0
0.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($2,601.0)
($2,601.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
Lake Champlain was designated a resource of national significance by the Lake Champlain
Special Designation Act (Public Law 101-596) that was signed into law on November 5, 1990,
and amended in 2002. A management plan for the watershed, "Opportunities for Action," was
developed to achieve the goal of the Act: to bring together people with diverse interests in the
lake to create a comprehensive pollution prevention, control, and restoration plan for protecting
the future of the Lake Champlain Basin. EPA's efforts to protect Lake Champlain support the
successful interstate, interagency, and international partnerships undertaking the implementation
of the Plan. "Opportunities for Action" is designed to address various threats to Lake
Champlain's water quality, including phosphorus loadings, invasive species, and toxic
substances.53
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Through a collaborative and transparent process, EPA works with state and local partners to
protect and improve the Lake Champlain Basin's water quality, fisheries, wetlands, wildlife,
recreation, and cultural resources. FY 2012 activities include:
Working with federal, state, provincial, and local partners to address high levels of
phosphorous by implementing the joint Vermont and New York Lake Champlain Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) to reduce phosphorus loads from all categories of sources
(point, urban, and agricultural nonpoint);
Working with federal, state, and provincial partners to implement actions included in the
newly revised Lake Champlain Management Plan, developing a system to track
implementation of those actions, and tying these actions to an adaptive management
framework for evaluating results;
53 For additional information see: http://www.epa.gov/NE/eco/lakechamplain/index.html
http://www.lcbp.org. http://nh.water.usgs.gov/champlain feds, http://www.cfda.gov
391
-------
Reviewing results of the critical source area study undertaken by the International Joint
Commission and beginning collaboration with Lake Champlain partners at the state,
local, federal, and provincial levels for implementation of the recommendations from that
study;
Carrying out required activities resulting from the Lake Champlain TMDL lawsuit and
the Vermont National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) withdrawal
petition;
Implementing an adaptive management framework for evaluating the results of
management efforts in the Lake Champlain Basin on water quality and other ecosystem
indicators. This adaptive management plan will integrate and complement the ongoing
critical source area studies with sub-watershed management practices. This plan will
evaluate phosphorus TMDL load allocations through quantitative methods, and be an
extension of the current monitoring regime for Lake Champlain and tributaries. The
adaptive management plan will include current and future TMDL implementation
scenarios, and identify cost-effective alternatives to attain TMDL load allocations;
Developing and implementing a tracking system for investments in Lake Champlain
Basin restoration;
Preventing the introduction of an invasive form of Didymosphenia geminata into the
Lake Champlain Basin from the neighboring Connecticut River watershed by expanding
education and outreach on detection and spread prevention methods;
Monitoring the Lake Champlain Basin for possible introduction of invasive species,
including the following: Asian clam, Asian carp, and spiny waterflea;
Monitoring the population of alewives, a recent invasive species affecting Lake
Champlain, and expanding efforts to educate the public on the perils of transporting
baitfish. Efforts also include harmonizing baitfish regulations in Vermont and New
York, as well as working to remove and/or prevent the entry or dispersal of this and other
fish, invasive plants, and invertebrates in the Lake Champlain Basin;
Working with partners, such as the Army Corps of Engineers and the New York State
Canal Corporation, to devise means to reduce the likelihood that new invasive species
can enter Lake Champlain from the Great Lakes through the Champlain Canal;
Continuing work to understand the high seasonal concentrations of toxic cyanobacteria,
particularly microcystin, in the northern reaches of Lake Champlain by monitoring the
dynamics of its species composition, concentration, and toxicity levels; reporting on its
potential health impacts; and providing necessary information to the health departments
of New York and Vermont to close beaches, drinking water intakes, or take other actions
as necessary;
392
-------
Implementing recommendations resulting from the climate change studies (water quality,
precipitation, and flow) to reduce the impacts of climate change on water quality in the
Lake Champlain Basin; and
Developing new approaches to stormwater control from urban areas in conjunction with
state partners.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports the Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
objective. Currently, there are no performance measures for this specific program.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$2,566.0) This reduces FY 2010 congressionally directed funding increases for Lake
Champlain Basin.
(-$35.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
1909 The Boundary Waters Treaty; 1990 Great Lakes Critical Programs Act; 2002 Great Lakes
and Lake Champlain Act; Clean Water Act (CWA); North American Wetlands Conservation
Act; U.S.-Canada Agreements; National Heritage Areas Act of 2006; Water Resources
Development Act (WRDA) of 2000 and 2007.
393
-------
Geographic Program: Other
Program Area: Geographic Programs
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Watersheds and Aquatic Ecosystems
Goal: Cleaning Up Our Communities
Objective(s): Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$7,273.0
$7,273.0
10.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$4,545.9
$4,545.9
9.4
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$7,273.0
$7,273.0
10.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$4, 635.0
$4,635.0
8.5
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($2,638.0)
($2,638.0)
-1.5
Program Project Description:
EPA targets efforts to protect and restore various communities and ecosystems impacted by
environmental problems. This program is in line with the Administrator's emphasis on
maintaining a place-based focus. Under this program, the Agency develops and implements
community-based approaches to mitigate diffuse sources of pollution and cumulative risk for
geographic areas. The Agency also fosters community efforts to build consensus and mobilize
local resources to target highest risks.
Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE)
Through the CARE program, EPA provides funding, tools and technical support that enable
underserved communities to create collaborative partnerships to take effective actions to address
local environmental problems. The on-the-ground support and funding help to reduce toxic
pollution from all sources, revitalize underserved areas and improve the health of communities
across the nation in sustainable ways. In dealing with multi-media, multi-layered issues,
communities want "One EPA" and "one government" and the CARE program provides them
with this. For each of the CARE communities, EPA works together with the community to see
their problems holistically, the way they see them. CARE is a model for "One EPA,"
recognizing that genuine cooperation across the agency and an integrated way of reaching
solutions best protects the environment.
CARE is highly regarded for its successful innovations in cross-agency management, grants
award and administration, and most importantly, its meaningful engagements between EPA and
the environmental justice community. The National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA)
issued a positive evaluation of the CARE demonstration program in May 2009 observing ".. .the
CARE program complements EPA regulatory strategies with place-based strategiesstrategies
394
-------
that consider the local context in which environmental decisions are made and effects are felt."54
The NAPA Panel believes that the CARE approach represents a "next step" in environmental
improvement and protection, concluding that the CARE program successfully demonstrates that
the concept works well to combine EPA expertise with community capacity-building to deliver
funding and assistance to address risks from all sources of toxics in underserved communities.
Since its launch in 2005, the CARE program has awarded 91 grants to communities across 39
states with over 1,700 partners engaged for a total of over $14 million in grants. These grants
address one or more of EPA's priorities: 25 percent address climate change; 50 percent address
air pollution; 50 percent address safety of chemicals; 30 percent address cleanup of communities;
and 30 percent address water issues. Since 2009, 68 CARE communities have leveraged an
additional $12 million in funding - with local partners providing an additional $2 million in in-
kind services; visited over 4,000 homes providing information and/or environmental testing;
worked to reduce risks in almost 300 schools and provided environmental information to over
2,800 businesses and 50,000 individuals.
CARE delivers funding through two types of cooperative agreements. In the smaller Level I
agreements, the community, working with EPA, creates a collaborative problem-solving group
of community stakeholders. That group assesses the community's toxic exposure, environmental
problems and priorities, and begins to identify potential solutions. In the larger Level II
agreements, the community, working with EPA, selects and funds projects that reduce risk and
improve the environment in the community. The CARE program ended its successful
demonstration period in FY 2010. The cooperative agreements issued under the demonstration
authorities of the seven environmental statutes may not be used to support day-to-day program
implementation. In FY 2012, EPA is requesting new grant authority to implement the CARE
program to continue serving communities across the nation.
The Northwest Forest Program
The Northwest Forest Program supports interagency coordination, watershed assessment,
conservation, and restoration efforts across seven states in the Pacific Northwest. In addition to
supporting protection of drinking water and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
implementation, the Northwest Forest Program includes two collaborative, watershed-scale
monitoring programs that help characterize watershed conditions across 70 million acres of
Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administered lands in the Northwest. In
addition to providing status and trend information for aquatic and riparian habitats, the two
monitoring programs help support adaptive management and state water quality/watershed health
programs.
The Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Program
Through a collaborative and voluntary effort, the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Program
strives to restore the ecological health of the Basin by developing and funding restoration
projects within the sixteen parishes in the basin. The program continues to support the efforts of
http://www.napawash.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09-06.pdf
395
-------
the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation by sampling lake and tributary water quality to support
related scientific and public education projects.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA and partner agencies will protect and restore various communities and
ecosystems impacted by various sources of pollution. These collaborative and transparent
community-based approaches will decrease the cumulative risk for geographic areas. EPA's FY
2012 efforts will focus on the following:
CARE
A total FY 2012 investment of $2.4 million (see table 1) in the CARE program will address
pollution problems in underserved communities (90 percent of CARE projects are in
Environmental Justice communities of concern). EPA will help underserved and other
communities use collaborative processes to select and implement local actions and will award
federal funding for projects to reduce exposure to toxic pollutants and local environmental
problems. EPA is requesting new grant authority in FY 2012 to continue this program beyond
the demonstration phase. Table 1 displays the multi-media structure of the CARE program.
Table 1: FY 2012 CARE Funding by EPA Program Office
(Dollars in Thousands)
EPA Program Office
Air and Radiation Program
Water Program
Chemical Safety and Pollution
Prevention Program
Solid Waste and Emergency
Response Program
Total Funding Level
FY
$
$
$
$
$
2012 PB
687.0
573.0
587.0
537.0
2,384.0
In FY 2012, the CARE program will provide support to communities to help them understand
and improve their local environments and health by:
Selecting and awarding approximately ten assistance agreements to create and strengthen
local partnerships, local capacity, and civic engagement to improve local environments
and health, and to ensure sustainability of environmental health efforts over time;
Providing technical support and training to help CARE communities build partnerships,
improve their understanding of environmental risks from all sources, set priorities, and
take actions to reduce risks;
Improving community access to EPA programs and helping communities utilize these
programs to reduce risks;
396
-------
Continuing implementation of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Centers
for Disease Control's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), to
improve support for communities by coordinating the efforts of multiple federal agencies
working at the community level to improve environmental health;
Conducting outreach to share lessons learned by CARE communities and encouraging
other communities to build partnerships and take actions to reduce risks; and
Exploring and piloting, as appropriate, the Partners Program to provide technical support
and access to EPA programs while outside organizations provide funding to the
community. The CARE Partners Program pilots could provide the opportunity to
leverage EPA's investment and allow CARE to reach more communities than could be
reached with increased grant funding alone.
Northwest Forest
Federal and state partners implement shared responsibilities for aquatic monitoring and
watershed assessment. Efforts include refinement and utilization of monitoring approaches and
modeling tools and increased integration of monitoring framework designs, monitoring
protocols, and watershed health indicators. In FY 2012, EPA will invest $1.3 million in the
Northwest Forest Program for the following activities:
Continue stream reach sampling on 636 stream reaches and watershed condition/trend
monitoring in 378 sub-watersheds in California, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and
Washington;
Use remote sensed data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data layers and field
data to support a five-year trend assessment on 5,132 6th field watersheds55 in Oregon,
Washington, Northern California, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah;
Utilize upslope analysis, in-channel assessments, emerging research, and decision support
models to inform management decisions and refine future monitoring efforts;
Compile temperature and macroinvertebrate data and establish 300 year-round
temperature monitoring stations to support state water quality and aquatic habitat
reporting, including 303(d) listings;
Complete/utilize field reviews of grazing activities and evaluate stream and riparian
conditions to tie back to monitoring trends and inform necessary management changes;
55 A 6th field watershed is a hydro logical unit. Watersheds in the United States were delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey
using a national standard hierarchical system based on surface hydrologic features and are classified into the following types of
hydrologic units: First-field (region); Second-field (sub-region); Third-field (accounting unit); Fourth-field (cataloguing unit);
Fifth-field (watershed); and Sixth-field (sub-watershed). For more information visit: http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc.html.
397
-------
Refine shade models to assist managers in prioritizing restoration opportunities to address
stream temperature and sediment issues;
Utilize aquatic monitoring to detect invasive species in streams and riparian areas; and
Assist in development of implementation-ready TMDLs and Best Management Practices
(BMPs) for forestry practices in five Oregon coastal basins.
Lake Pontchartrain
The program will work to restore the ecological health of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin. In FY
2012, EPA will invest $955 thousand in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Program for the following
activities:
Continuing implementation of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Program Comprehensive
Management Plan56 (LPBCMP) to support:
o Planning and design of consolidated wastewater treatment systems to support
sustainable infrastructure;
o Repair and replacement studies to improve existing wastewater systems; and
o Investigation and design of stormwater management systems.
Conducting water quality monitoring outreach and public education projects that address
the goals of the LPBCMP to:
o Improve the management of animal waste lagoons by educating and assisting
the agricultural community on lagoon maintenance techniques;
o Protect and restore critical habitats and encourage sustainable growth by
providing information and guidance on habitat protection and green
development techniques; and
o Reduce pollution at its source and determine any impacts to Lake
Pontchartrain from the recent major oil spill.
Performance Targets:
Work under these programs supports the Restore and Protect Critical Ecosystems objective.
Currently, there are no performance measures for this specific program.
'http://www.saveourlake.org/management-plan.php
398
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$24.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$2,000.0 / -1.5 FTE) This reduces FY 2010 congressionally directed funding increases
for the Potomac Highlands initiative. The reduced resources include 1.5 FTE, decreased
associated payroll of $180.0, and reduced travel of $20.0.
(-$522.0) This reduces FY 2010 congressionally directed funding increases for the Lake
Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Program. This reduction will reduce EPA support for
the implementation of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Program Comprehensive
Management Plan, including water quality and infrastructure improvements and coastal
restoration.
(-$92.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
The Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Act of 2000, codified as Clean Water Act (CWA)
§121, 33 U.S.C. §1273, directed EPA to establish a Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration
Program "to restore the ecological health of the Basin by developing and funding restoration
projects and related scientific and public education projects." CWA §121(b); CWA; Water
Resources Development Act of 1996; Water Resources Development Act of 2000; Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA); Economy Act of 1932; Intergovernmental
Cooperation Act; Clean Air Act (CAA); Solid Waste Disposal Act (SWDA); Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA); Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Pollution
Prevention Act; Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act; and National Environmental
Education Act.
399
-------
Program Area: Homeland Security
400
-------
Homeland Security: Communication and Information
Program Area: Homeland Security
Goal: Provide Agency-wide support for multiple goals to achieve their objectives. This support
involves Agency-wide activities primarily provided by EPA's six (6) support offices - the Office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM), Office of the Chief Financial Officer
(OCFO), Office of Environmental Information (OEI), Office of General Counsel (OGC), Office
of the Administrator (OA), and the Office of Inspector General (OIG).
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$6,926.0
$6,926.0
17.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$7,206.3
$7,206.3
16.0
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$6,926.0
$6,926.0
17.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$4,257.0
$4,257.0
16.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($2,669.0)
($2,669.0)
-1.0
Program Project Description:
Recent disasters and incidents continue to demonstrate that timely and effective environmental
information is key to the protection of human health and the environment. EPA's Environmental
Information Program must play a major role to safeguard workforce health and safety in the
event of a significant incident, a Continuity of Operations (COOP), or a pandemic situation.
The White House, Congress, and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have defined
their expectations of EPA during a homeland security incident through a series of statutes,
presidential directives, and national plans. EPA uses the Homeland Security Collaborative
Network (HSCN), a cross-agency leadership group, to support the Agency's ability to effectively
implement this broad range of homeland security responsibilities, ensure consistent development
and implementation of homeland security policies and procedures, avoid duplication, and build a
network of partners. EPA's homeland security program also capitalizes on the concept of "dual-
benefits" so that EPA's homeland security efforts enhance and integrate with EPA's core
environmental programs that serve to protect human health and the environment.
Homeland Security information technology efforts are closely coordinated with the agencywide
Information Security and Infrastructure activities, which are managed in the Information Security
and IT/Data Management programs. The upgrading and standardization of technology, with
particular emphasis on the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) infrastructure, is necessary to
provide information access during an emergency. This program also enables video contact
between localities, headquarters, Regional offices, and laboratories in emergency situations.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
EPA will update and maintain a homeland security policy for planning, preparedness, response
and recovery for nationally significant incidents. EPA's homeland security efforts will focus on
maintaining its preparedness level, filling critical knowledge and technology gaps, and working
401
-------
with partners to define collective capabilities and leverage combined resources to close common
gaps.
EPA will ensure that interagency intelligence-related planning and operational requirements are
met. This will be achieved through coordination with the U.S. Intelligence Community,
including the Office of the Director for National Intelligence, the Department of Homeland
Security, the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, the Department of Defense, and the White House National and Homeland Security
Councils. EPA also will track emerging national/homeland security issues in order to anticipate
and avoid crisis situations and target the Agency's efforts proactively against threats to the
United States.
EPA's FY 2012 resources will support national security efforts through monitoring across the
Agency's IT infrastructure, to detect, remediate, and eradicate malicious software or Advanced
Persistent Threats (APT) from EPA's networks and through improved detection capabilities.
EPA will improve national security efforts, including heightened awareness and vigilance across
the Information Security community, by increasing training and awareness of these threats.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives. Currently, there are no
performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$150.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$159.0 / -1.0 FTE) This change includes $159.0 in associated payroll and reflects
EPA's workforce management strategy that will help the Agency better align resources,
skills and agency priorities by streamlining administrative management.
(-$130.0) This reflects a reduction to the homeland security program's mission support
contract.
(-$11.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(-$28.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
402
-------
(-$2,491.0) This reflects a reduction to the Agency's homeland security specific IT
infrastructure security efforts related to the deployment of critical infrastructure in support
of emergency response and homeland security activities.
Statutory Authority:
Homeland Security Presidential Directives, 5 U.S.C. 101 et seq. - Sections HSPD 1-25 and
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), 42 U.S.C. 3231 et
seq. - Sections 300, 300.1, 300.2, 300.3, 300.4, 300.5, 300.6 and 300.7 and Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 U.S.C. 9606 et seq. -
Sections 101-128, 301-312 and 401-405 and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
42 U.S.C. 6962 et seq. - Sections 1001, 2001, 3001 and 3005 and Safe Drinking Water Act
(SOWA) Amendments, 42 U.S.C. 300 et seq. - Sections 1400, 1401, 1411, 1421, 1431, 1441,
1454 and 1461 and Clean Water Act (CWA), 33 U.S.C. 1314 et seq. - Sections 101, 102, 103,
104, 105, 107, and Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. - Sections 102,
103, 104 and 108 and Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. 2611 et seq. - Sections
201, 301 and 401 and Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 U.S.C. 36
et seq. - Sections 136a - 136y and Bio Terrorism Act of 2002, 42. U.S.C. 201 et seq. - Sections
303, 305, 306 and 307 and Homeland Security Act of 2002, 116 U.S.C. 2135 et seq. - Sections
101, 102, 103, 201, 202, 211-215, 221-225, 231-235 and 237 and Post-Katrina Emergency
Management Reform Act, 6 U.S.C. 772 et seq. - Sections 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507,
508, 509, 510, 511, 512 and 513 and Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act, 50
U.S.C. 2302 et seq. - (Title XIV of Public Law 104-201).
403
-------
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Program Area: Homeland Security
Goal: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
Goal: Protecting America's Waters
Objective(s): Protect Human Health Water Safe for Use
Goal: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Objective(s): Enforce Environmental Laws
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfiind
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$6,836.0
$23,026.0
$1,760.0
$31,622.0
49.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$6,805.1
$20,954.9
$1,269.5
$29,029.5
46.4
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$6,836.0
$23,026.0
$1,760.0
$31,622.0
49.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$1,065.0
$11,379.0
$0.0
$12,444.0
25.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($5,771.0)
($11,647.0)
($1,760.0)
($19,178.0)
-24.0
Program Project Description:
This program includes a number of EPA activities that coordinate and support the protection of
the nation's critical public infrastructure from terrorist threats. EPA activities support effective
information sharing and dissemination to help protect critical water infrastructure.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
Information Sharing Networks & Water Security
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to build its capacity to identify and respond to threats to critical
national water infrastructure. EPA's wastewater and drinking water security efforts will
continue to support the water sector by providing access to information sharing tools and
mechanisms that provide timely information on contaminant properties, water treatment
effectiveness, detection technologies, analytical protocols, and laboratory capabilities for use in
responding to a water contamination event. EPA will continue to support effective
communication conduits to disseminate threat and incident information and to serve as a
clearing-house for sensitive information. EPA promotes information sharing between the water
sector and such groups as environmental professionals and scientists, emergency services
personnel, law enforcement, public health agencies, the intelligence community, and technical
assistance providers. Through such exchange, water systems can obtain up-to-date information
on current technologies in water security, accurately assess their vulnerabilities to terror acts, and
work cooperatively with public health officials, first responders, and law enforcement officials to
respond effectively in the event of an emergency.
404
-------
EPA continues to partner with available information sharing networks to promote drinking water
and wastewater utilities' access to up-to-date security information. In FY 2012, EPA will
continue efforts to increase the water sector's participation in these critical networks. This effort
will ensure that these utilities have access to a comprehensive range of important materials,
including tools, training, and protocols, some of which may be sensitive and therefore not
generally available through other means. In addition to providing a vehicle for utilities to access
these materials, EPA will continue to develop materials to ensure that utilities have the most
updated information. This work also will enable participating water utilities of all sizes to gain
access to a rapid notification system. Participating utilities will then receive alerts about changes
in the homeland security advisory level or to regional and national trends in certain types of
water-related incidents. For example, should there be types of specific water related incidents
that are re-occurring, the alerts distributed to the utilities will make note of the increasing
multiple occurrences or "trends" of these incidents. Access to such information sharing
networks allows the water sector not only to improve their understanding of the latest water
security and resiliency protocols and threats, but also to reduce their risk by enhancing their
ability to prepare for an emergency. The FY 2012 request level for the information sharing
networks is $1.1 million.
Counterterrorism
There is no request for this program in FY 2012.
Monitoring
There is no request for this program in FY 2012.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives. Currently, there are no
performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$2.0) This increase reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing FTE.
(-$1,494.0) This reduction reflects decreased federal support for the water information
sharing networks in FY 2011 and FY 2012 as it transitions to a subscription based
program and meets intended programmatic goals by FY 2012.
(-$540.0) This reduction eliminates travel and expense resources that support regional
water response teams.
(-$9.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
405
-------
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$1,114.07-1.0 FTE) This reduction reflects the development of effective monitoring
modeling methodologies to demonstrate the effects of air threats to air quality in the
United States for use in emergency response situations. This reduction includes 1.0 FTE
and associated payroll of $123.0.
(-$2,616.0 7 -11.8 FTE) EPA does not need to maintain separate capacity to support
environmental criminal investigations and training for terrorism-related investigations.
This reduction reflects the increased capacity of other agencies to handle the
environmental forensics work associated with potential homeland security related
incidents. This reduction includes $1,980.0 in associated payroll for 11.8 FTE.
Statutory Authority:
SOW A, 42 U.S.C. §300f-300j-9 as added by Public Law 93-523 and the amendments made by
subsequent enactments, Sections - 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435; CWA, 33 U.S.C. §1251 et
seq.; Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Emergency and Response Act of 2002.
406
-------
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Program Area: Homeland Security
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Hazardous Substance Superfimd
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$3,423.0
$41,657.0
$53,580.0
$98,660.0
174.2
FY 2010
Actuals
$4,264.2
$37,697.9
$51,558.9
$93,521.0
176.4
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$3,423.0
$41,657.0
$53,580.0
$98,660.0
174.2
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$0.0
$30,078.0
$40,662.0
$70,740.0
170.9
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($3,423.0)
($11,579.0)
($12,918.0)
($27,920.0)
-3.3
Program Project Description:
EPA plays a lead role in protecting U.S. citizens and the environment from the effects of attacks
that release chemical, biological, and radiological agents. EPA's Homeland Security Emergency
Preparedness and Response Program develops and maintains an agencywide capability to
prepare for and respond to large-scale catastrophic incidents with emphasis on those that may
involve Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). EPA continues to increase the state of
preparedness for homeland security incidents. The response to chemical agents is different from
the response to biological agents, but for both, the goals are to facilitate preparedness, guide the
appropriate response by first responders, ensure safe re-occupancy of buildings or other
locations, and protect the production of crops, livestock, and food in the U.S. In the case of
chemical agents, EPA develops new information to assist emergency planners and first
responders in assessing immediate hazards.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
There is no request for this program in FY 2012.
Performance Targets:
This program has consistently exceeded its performance targets in past years in developing
Proposed AEGL values. Work under this program also supports performance results in Toxic
Substances - Chemical Risk Review and Reduction and can be found in the Performance Four
Year Array in Tab 11.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,589.07-1.0 FTE) This reduction reflects the elimination of EPA's support for the
development and refinement of Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs), a program
407
-------
for developing scientifically credible limits for short-term exposures to airborne
concentrations of acutely toxic high-priority chemicals. Work to develop proposed
values will be completed in FY 2011. Most of the proposed values have already been
elevated to Interim status and are being implemented. The reduced resources include 1.0
FTE and associated payroll of $155.0.
(-$369.07-2.0 FTE) This reflects the redirection of pesticide program resources to support
core program operations in Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk. This
will impact efficacy testing of chemicals and pesticides for decontamination of food and
agricultural facilities and disinfectants for hospital use. The reduced resources include
2.0 FTE and associated payroll of $311.0.
(-$1,409.0) This reflects decreased support for homeland security pesticides related
activities. This reduction is possible since EPA has assisted the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) and other agencies in completing guidance on procedures, plans, and
technologies to restore airports following a biological attack, and completed the
development of a risk management framework for decision-makers for restoration and
recovery from a biological incident, including response to and recovery from Bacillus
anthracis contamination of a large urban area.
(-$56.0) This reflects reduced costs for IT security and integration services.
Statutory Authority:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Emergency and Response Act of 2002; CERCLA;
SARA; TSCA; Oil Pollution Act; Pollution Prevention Act; RCRA; EPCRA; SOW A; CWA;
CAA; FIFRA; FFDCA; FQPA; Ocean Dumping Act; Public Health Service Act, as amended; 42
U.S.C. 201 et seq.; Executive Order 10831 (1970); Public Law 86-373; PRIA.
408
-------
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and Infrastructure
Program Area: Homeland Security
Goal: Provide Agency-wide support for multiple goals to achieve their objectives. This support
involves Agency-wide activities primarily provided by EPA's six (6) support offices - the Office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM), Office of the Chief Financial Officer
(OCFO), Office of Environmental Information (OEI), Office of General Counsel (OGC), Office
of the Administrator (OA), and the Office of Inspector General (OIG).
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Science & Technology
Building and Facilities
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$6,369.0
$593.0
$8,070.0
$1,194.0
$16,226.0
3.0
FY 2010
Actuals
$6,300.3
$593.0
$9,652.1
$1,194.0
$17,739.4
3.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$6,369.0
$593.0
$8,070.0
$1,194.0
$16,226.0
3.0
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$5,978.0
$579.0
$8,038.0
$1,172.0
$15,767.0
3.0
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
($391.0)
($14.0)
($32.0)
($22.0)
($459.0)
0.0
Program Project Description:
This portion of EPA's Homeland Security Program is composed of the following three distinct
elements: (1) Physical Security - ensuring EPA's physical structures and critical assets are secure
and operational with adequate security procedures in place to safeguard staff in the event of an
emergency; (2) Personnel Security - initiating and adjudicating personnel security investigations;
and (3) National Security Information - classifying and safeguarding sensitive mission critical
data.
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, the Agency will focus on issuing secure and reliable identification (Smart Cards) to
all employees and select non-federal workers. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)
201-1, issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, establishes the technical
specifications for the Smart Cards. Additionally, EPA will continue its physical security
activities on a regular basis, including conducting security vulnerability assessments and
mitigation at EPA's facilities nationwide.
Personnel security will play a major role in the Agency's new EPA Personnel Access Security
System (EPASS) deployment. Concurrent with new EPASS responsibilities, the Personnel
Security Program will continue to perform position risk designations, prescreen prospective new
hires, process national security clearances, and maintain personnel security files and information.
Regarding national security information, FY 2012 activities will include: classifying,
declassifying and safeguarding classified information; identifying and marking of classified
409
-------
information; performing education, training, and outreach; and conducting audits and self
inspections. In addition, certification and accreditation of Secure Access Facilities (SAFs) and
Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities (SCIFs) will continue.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives. Currently, there are no
performance measures for this specific Program Project.
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$31.0) This decrease reflects the recalculation of base workforce costs for existing
FTE.
(-$200.0) This reflects an efficiency achieved through combining the National Security
Information Program and Personnel Security Program. Combining the support contracts
for two functionally-related, but separate programs creates a streamlining effect which
allows for leveraging knowledge and resources between the two programs.
(-$159.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative.
This initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions,
including advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will
continue its work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative
and programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
(-$17.0) This decrease in travel costs reflects an effort to reduce the Agency's travel
footprint by promoting green travel and conferencing.
(+$16.0) This reflects a realignment of general expenses and contracts to support
administrative costs.
Statutory Authority:
The National Security Strategy; Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004;
Executive Orders 10450, 12958, and 12968; Title V CFR Parts 731 and 732.
410
-------
Program Area: Information Exchange / Outreach
411
-------
Children and Other Sensitive Populations: Agency Coordination
Program Area: Information Exchange / Outreach
Goal: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$7,100.0
$7,100.0
11.9
FY 2010
Actuals
$5,715.8
$5,715.8
13.4
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$7,100.0
$7,100.0
11.9
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$10,795.0
$10,795.0
30.9
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$3,695.0
$3,695.0
19.0
Program Project Description:
The Agency coordinates and advances protection of children's environmental health through
regulatory development, science policy, program implementation, communication and effective
results measurement to make protecting children an explicit part of the EPA mission to protect
human health. The children's health protection effort is directed by the 1997 Executive Order
13045, Protection of Children's Health from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks and
the 2010 memorandum from the Administrator, EPA 's Leadership in Children's Environmental
Health. Legislative mandates such as the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA),
the Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1996, and the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 also
direct the Agency to protect children and other vulnerable life stages.57
FY 2012 Activities and Performance Plan:
In FY 2012, EPA will continue to use a variety of approaches to protect children from
environmental health hazards. Those approaches will include regulation, implementation of
community-based programs, research, and outreach. At the same time, the program will
periodically evaluate EPA's performance to ensure that it is making steady progress. The
Children's Health program will take the lead in ensuring that EPA programs and Regional
offices are successful in their efforts to protect children's environmental health. (In FY 2012, the
Children and other Sensitive Populations: Agency Coordination program will be funded at
$10.79 million and 30.9 FTE.)
57 The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 directs EPA to produce guidelines on the safe siting of schools and
guidelines to states on school environmental health programs in order to protect children from environmental hazards where they
leam.
The 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act require EPA to strengthen protection of children by considering the risk to
the most vulnerable populations and lifestages when setting standards.
The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and
the Federal Food Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to include stricter safety standards for pesticides, especially for infants and
children, and a complete reassessment of all existing pesticide tolerances.
412
-------
The following are planned activities in FY 2012:
As part of the Healthy Communities Initiative: Clean, Green and Healthy Schools, the
program will continue working internally and with other agencies, states and tribes to
expand coordinated implementation of successful community-based programs to improve
children's health outcomes. Internally, EPA will continue improving coordination across
the Agency to ensure that policies and programs explicitly consider and use the most up-
to-date data and methods for protecting children from heightened public health risks.
In addition, EPA will continue to serve as a co-lead of an inter-agency effort with the
Department of Education, Department of Health and Human Services and other related
agencies to improve Federal government wide support in implementing legislative
mandates under the EISA and coordinating outreach and technical assistance.
Address the potential for unique exposures, health effects, and health risks in children
during the development of Agency regulations and policies.
Coordinate with internal and external research partners to fill critical knowledge gaps on
children's unique vulnerabilities.
Improve EPA risk assessment and science policies and their implementation tools to
ensure they address unique, early-life health susceptibilities including those for multiple
environmental hazards and stressors.
Contribute to standards, policies, and guidance at home and abroad that protect children
by eliminating potentially harmful prenatal and childhood exposures to pesticides and
other toxic chemicals.
Increase environmental health knowledge of health care providers related to prenatal and
childhood exposures and health outcomes with a focus on vulnerable groups.
Continue to work toward the goal of developing measures related to children's health for
which baseline data can be collected in FY 2012, and set targets in FY 2013.
Increase transparency and coordination with states, local communities, schools and the
general public by supporting a strong communications and outreach effort to share
information and provide technical assistance, tools and materials to schools and
stakeholder groups.
Performance Targets:
Work under this program supports multiple strategic objectives. Currently, there are no
performance measures for this specific Program Project.
413
-------
FY 2012 Change from FY 2010 Enacted (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$903.0) This decrease reflects a reduction based on the recalculation of base workforce
costs for existing FTE.
(+$2,501.07+11.0 FTE) This increase supports the coordination and implementation of
EISA, providing technical assistance to states and communities on implementation of
voluntary school citing and environmental health guidelines. The resources will also
support the Agency's cross-program Healthy Communities Initiative: Clean, Green and
Healthy Schools. These resources include $1,595.0 in associated payroll and 11.0 FTE.
(+$1,254.07+2.0 FTE) This increase reflects the Agency's cross-program Healthy
Communities Initiative: Clean, Green and Healthy Schools. Funding is for coordinating
expertise and efforts across programs to provide technical assistance, develop and
implement tools and models, and support communication and outreach. These resources
include $290.0 in associated payroll and 2.0 FTE.
(+$870.07+6.0 FTE) This increase reflects the Agency's strategy to focus on children's
health in Agency regulatory action and on outreach and coordination on children's health
actions with federal, state and local government agencies. These resources include $870.0
in associated payroll and 6.0 FTE.
(-$27.0) This reflects a reduction as part of the Administrative Efficiency Initiative. This
initiative targets certain categories of spending for efficiencies and reductions, including
advisory contracts, travel, general services, printing and supplies. EPA will continue its
work to redesign processes and streamline activities in both administrative and
programmatic areas to achieve these savings.
Statutory Authority:
EO 13045; Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; Food Quality Protection Act of
1996; Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments Of 1996.
414
-------
Environmental Education
Program Area: Information Exchange / Outreach
Goal: Cleaning Up Our Communities
Objective(s): Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
(Dollars in Thousands)
Environmental Program &
Management
Total Budget Authority / Obligations
Total Workyears
FY 2010
Enacted
$9,038.0
$9,038.0
17.6
FY 2010
Actuals
$7,396.6
$7,396.6
14.3
FY 2011
Annualized
CR
$9,038.0
$9,038.0
17.6
FY 2012
Pres Budget
$9,885.0
$9,885.0
18.5
FY 2012 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2010
Enacted
$847.0
$847.0
0.9
Program Project Description:
This program ensures that Environmental Education (EE), based on sound science and effective
education practices, is used as a tool to promote the protection of human health and the
environment, and to encourage student academic achievement. Environmental Education is
fundamental to EPA's mission and cross-cutting priorities in that it teaches the public about
choices and environmental stewardship to produce the next generation of environmentally
literate citizens and stewards, and generate support for environmental policy.
The National Environmental Education Act (NEEA) provides a foundation for the activities that
the Agency conducts. EPA EE programs support NEEA, provide leadership and support and
work in partnership with K-12 schools, colleges and universities, federal and state agencies, and
community organizations to assess needs, establish priorities, and leverage resources. EPA's
environmental education program encompasses education programs and activities that support
EPA's strategic goals and priorities. A OneEPA approach to education coordinates Agency
education activities to help conserve resources, avoid duplication, and builds upon efforts to
increase intra-agency collaboration in support of EPA's goals and priorities. Early examples of
this collaboration were in the publication of EPA's 2009 Environmental Education Highlights
report, which provided an inventory of education activities and accomplishments across EPA,
and the subsequent establishment of an EPA intra-agency Environmental Education Workgroup
composed of EPA staff in headquarters and regions in September 2010. In addition to intra-
agency coordination, OneEPA education activities also involve inclusion of education
components in existing EPA grant programs, education for the general public on their role in
rulemaking, integration of education elements in coordinated roll-out of programs, and policies
and rules. Environmental Education activities are also consistent with the Agency's efforts to
promote education in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics nationally.
Please see the program website for additional information (www.e |