United
Environmental
Agency
Pesticides Industry
Sales and Usage
2006 and 2007
Market Estimates
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Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage
2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
By
Arthur Grube,
David Donaldson,
Timothy Kiely, and
LaWu
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
February 2011
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance provided by the following reviewers:
• Susan Kegley, Pesticide Research Institute;
• Gautam Sirur, Cropnosis Limited;
• Sheryl Kunickis, U.S. Department of Agriculture;
• Gary Spolarich and Donna Marciano, California Department of Pesticide Regulation;
• Greg Malcom, GFK Kynetec;
• Dennis Fugate, Kline & Co., Inc.;
• Leonard Gianessi, CropLife Foundation;
• WilliamBattaglin, U.S. Geological Survey;
• Mark Miller, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and
• Staff, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page i
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Contents
Sections
1. Introduction Page 1
2. 2006 and 2007 Sales Page 4
2.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures Page 4
2.2 Value of U.S. Pesticides: Producer Level Page 5
2.3 User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States Page 6
2.4 Farm Expenditures onPesticides in the United States Page 7
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage Page 8
3.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Amount Used Page 8
3.2 Pesticide Supply in the United States: Producer Level Page 9
3.3 Pesticide Amount Used in the United States: Total Page 10
3.4 Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States: Conventional Page 12
3.5 Share of U. S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sectors Page 13
3.6 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients in the U.S.
Agricultural Market Sector Page 14
3.7 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients in the U.S.
Non-Agricultural Market Sectors Page 15
3.8 Amount of Organophosphate Insecticides Used in the United States Page 16
3.9 Pesticide Amount Used in the United States: Other Page 18
3.10 Pesticide Amount Used in the United States: Specialty Biocides and Wood Preservatives Page 19
4. Producers and Users Page 20
4.1 Pesticide Producers and Users in 2007 Page 20
5. Historical Data Page 21
5.1 Annual Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States: 1988-2007 Page 21
5.2 Annual Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States: 1988-2007 Page 26
6. Glossary Page 32
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page iii
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Tables
2. 2006 and 2007 Sales
Table 2.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level by Pesticide Type, 2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 4
Table 2.2 Value of U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply at Producer Level Page 5
Table 2.3 User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type and Market Sector,
2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 6
Table 2.4 Farm Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States Page 7
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
Table 3.1 World and U.S. Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used
by Pesticide Type, 2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 8
Table 3.2 U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply in Amount of Active Ingredient at the
Producer Level Page 9
Table 3.3 Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States by Pesticide Group, 2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 10
Table 3.4 Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 12
Table 3.5 Share of U. S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sectors, 2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 13
Table 3.6 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Agricultural Market Sector, 2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Estimates Page 14
Table 3.7 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Home and Garden Market Sector, 2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Estimates Page 15
Table 3.8 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector, 2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Estimates Page 15
Table 3.9 Amount of Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients Used in the United States,
All Market Sectors, 1990-2007 Estimates Page 16
Table 3.10 Most Commonly Used Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients,
All Market Sectors, 2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Page 17
Table 3.11 Other Pesticides Used in the United States by Pesticide Type and Market Sector,
2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 18
Table 3.12 Specialty Biocides Used in the United States by End-Use Market, 2006 and 2007 Estimates Page 19
Table 3.13 Wood Preservatives Used in the United States by End-Use Market, 2004 and 2007 Estimates Page 19
Page iv—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Tables (Continued)
4. Producers and Users
Table 4.1 Number of U.S. Pesticide Producers, Formulators, and Distributors Page 20
Table 4.2 Number of Exterminating and Pest Control Firms and Number of Certified Applicators Page 20
Table 4.3 Land in Farms, Land Harvested, Number of Farms, and Farms Using Pesticides Page 20
Table 4.4 Number of U.S. Households Using Pesticides Page 20
5. Historical Data
Table 5.1 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 22
Table 5.2 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 23
Table 5.3 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 24
Table 5.4 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 25
Table 5.5 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 27
Table 5.6 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 28
Table 5.7 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 29
Table 5.8 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 30
Table 5.9 Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States,
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sector Shares, 1970-2007 Page 31
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page v
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Figures
2. 2006 and 2007 Sales
Figure 2.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2007 Estimates Page 5
Figure 2.2 User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2007 Estimates Page 7
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
Figure 3.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Amounts of Active Ingredient at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2007 Estimates Page 9
Figure 3.2 Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States
by Pesticide Group, 2007 Estimates Page 11
Figure 3.3 Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2007 Estimates Page 13
Figure 3.4 Total Amount of Organophosphate and All Other Insecticide Active Ingredients Used in
the United States in All Market Sectors, 1990-2007 Page 17
5. Historical Data
Figure 5.1 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 22
Figure 5.2 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 23
Figure 5.3 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 24
Figure 5.4 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 25
Figure 5.5 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 27
Figure 5.6 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 28
Figure 5.7 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 29
Figure 5.8 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 30
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Purpose of Report
Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with states and
other agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), is responsible for regulating the production and use of pesticides in the United States. This report
provides contemporary and historical economic information on the U.S. pesticide producing and using sectors
covered by these state and federal regulatory programs. Economic profile information covers a variety of topics,
particularly the pesticide market with respect to dollar values and quantities of active ingredient. The EPA
Pesticide Program has issued such market reports since 1979.
This report is intended only to present objective economic profile and trend information reflecting the
best information available to EPA on pesticide sales and use. It does not attempt to interpret, reach conclusions
about, or make inferences about the data. Detailed analysis of causal factors or implications, such as potential
impacts on human health, the environment, or the economy, falls beyond the scope of this project.
We caution the reader not to infer too much from changes in the amount of pesticides used from year to
year. Changes in the amount of pesticides used are not necessarily correlated with changes in the level of pest
control or changes in the human health and environmental risks associated with pesticide use.
Data Sources
Neither EPA nor any other federal agency has a program devoted specifically to estimating the overall
pesticide market in terms of dollars spent and quantity of active ingredient used on an annual basis. This report
uses the best available information from the public domain and private marketing research companies
(proprietary data sources). The numbers in the report represent approximate values rather than precise values
with known statistical properties.
The Agency has a wide variety of public and proprietary information upon which to base estimates of
pesticide sales and use. The Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) of EPA's Office of Pesticide
Programs (OPP) maintains extensive files and library materials. These materials cover different pesticide types
and groupings in the agricultural and non-agricultural market sectors. In compiling the report, the Agency used
several database services, including one from the USDA and others from private pesticide marketing research
companies. The private marketing research data, produced by well-known organizations, also serve pesticide
registrants and other private sector firms analyzing the U.S. and world pesticide market.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 1
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1. Introduction
Overview of Contents/Scope of Report
This report profiles the U.S. pesticide industry, on an annual basis, for the years 2006 and 2007, and
provides data covering the years 1988-2005 in the historical data tables. Data for 2002-2005 were not reported
in previous publications. Data were estimated using several different parameters (e.g., pesticide type, pesticide
group, market sector) and appear in tabular format. The scope of the report is largely inclusive of the U.S.
pesticide industry and includes data on expenditures, volume, imports, exports, firms, individuals involved in
production and use of pesticides, number of pesticides, and number of certified applicators, among other topics.
Data on expenditures and sales are reported in nominal terms for the year indicated (i.e., not adjusted or indexed
for inflation). The report includes graphical representations of the data where useful. The historical section of the
report provides data from 1988 to 2007. Data from 1980 to 1987 are available on the EPA website (http://
www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales).
Following this Introduction (Section 1), Section 2 of the report summarizes world and U.S. pesticide
user expenditures in 2006 and 2007, and Section 3 summarizes world and U.S. pesticide amounts used in 2006
and 2007. Section 4 presents background information on pesticide market sectors. Finally, Section 5 presents
historical data summarizing pesticide expenditures and estimates of amounts used from 1988 to 2007.
The writing of the 2008 and 2009 pesticides industry sales and usage report is scheduled to begin once
all of the supporting pesticide sales and usage data for 2009 are published and available to EPA. If you have
questions regarding this report or need further information, please contact the authors by e-mail (or telephone):
kiely.timothy@epa.gov (703-308-8112), anddonaldson.david@epa.gov (703-308-9546).
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2. 2006 and 2007 Sales
2. 2006 and 2007 Sales
2.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures
World pesticide expenditures totaled more than $35.8 billion in 2006 and more than $39.4 billion in
2007 (see Table 2.1). Expenditures on herbicides accounted for the largest portion of total expenditures
(approximately 40%), followed by expenditures on insecticides, fungicides, and other pesticides, respectively.
Total expenditures increased in 2007 due to increased spending on all pesticide types.
U.S. pesticide expenditures totaled $11.8 billion in 2006 and $12.5 billion in 2007, in proportions
similar to those of world expenditures, with a relatively larger proportion of total U.S. expenditures on herbicides
(see Figure 2.1). In 2007, U.S. expenditures accounted for 32% of total world on pesticides, 38% of world
expenditures on herbicides, 39% of world expenditures on insecticides, 15% of world expenditures on
fungicides, and 25% of world expenditures on other pesticides. The Agency based its estimates of world and
U.S. pesticide expenditures on the estimated pesticide expenditures and changes in pesticide expenditures from
public and proprietary EPA databases. See Section 2.3 for a more detailed look at U.S. expenditures on
pesticides in 2006 and 2007. See Section 5.1 for historical data on U.S. pesticide expenditures from 1988 to
2007.
Table 2.1
World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Year and
Pesticide Type
World Market
Millions of $ %
U.S. Market
Millions of $ %
U.S. Percentage
of World Market
2006
Herbicides1
Insecticides2
Fungicides2
Other3
Total
14,247 40
10,259 29
7,987 22
3,320 9
35,814 100
5,673 48
4,091 35
1,165 10
855 7
11,784 100
40
40
15
26
33
2007
Herbicides1
Insecticides2
Fungicides2
Other3
Total
15,512 39
11,158 28
9,216 23
3,557 9
39,443 100
5,856 47
4,337 35
1,375 11
886 7
12,454 100
38
39
15
25
32
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table data do not cover wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and
chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: Cropnosis Limited (www.cropnosis.com), USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov), and EPA proprietary data.
1. "Herbicides" include herbicides and plant growth regulators (PGRs).
2. "Other" includes nematicides, fumigants, and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, plus other chemicals used
as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
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2. 2006 and 2007 Sales
Figure 2.1
World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2007 Estimates
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Pesticide Type
Other
Total
2.2 Value of U.S. Pesticides: Producer Level
Table 2.2 summarizes the 2006 and 2007 average value of U.S. pesticides at the producer level. The
table includes production, import, export, and supply (total and net). There was an annual average of $9.8 billion
from domestic pesticide production, $1.6 billion imports, $2.1 billion exports, and $9.3 billion net supply at the
producer level for 2006 and 2007.
Table 2.2
Value of U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply
at Producer Level
Production
Imports
Total Supply
Exports
Net Supply
Annual Sales
(Billions of Dollars)
Average of 2006 and 2007
9.8
1.6
11.4
2.1
9.3
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Includes conven-
tional pesticides and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
Source: USDA/FAS (www.fas.usda.gov).
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2. 2006 and 2007 Sales
2.3 User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
U.S. expenditures at the user level for conventional and other pesticides totaled $11.8 billion in 2006
and $12.5 billion in 2007 (see Table 2.3). Pesticides included in the estimates are herbicides, plant growth regu-
lators, insecticides, miticides, fungicides, nematicides, fumigants, sulfur, petroleum oil, and others. The esti-
mates exclude expenditures on wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Increase in spending in the agricultural sector on all pesticide types and increases in spending in the
non-agricultural sectors (industry/commercial/government and home and garden) in 2007 resulted in an increase
in total 2007 expenditures. Expenditures in the agriculture sector accounted for nearly two-thirds of total expen-
ditures in both years. Expenditures on herbicides and plant growth regulators dominated in all sectors except the
home and garden sector, where insecticides comprised more than 60% of all expenditures. The Agency based its
estimates of U.S. pesticide expenditures on the estimated pesticide expenditures and estimated changes in pesti-
cide expenditures from public and proprietary EPA databases. See Section 5.1 for historical data on U.S. pesti-
cide expenditures from 1988 to 2007.
As a result of limitations in the source data on U.S. pesticide expenditures, estimates provided in Table
2.3 group nematicides and fumigants, other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used as
pesticides into the "Other" category. Estimates of pounds of nematicides and fumigants, other miscellaneous
conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used as pesticides are provided in Section 3 (see Tables 3.4 and
3.11).
Table 2.3
User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Year and
Market Sector
Herbicides/Plant
Growth Regulators
Mil$
%
Insecticides/
Miticides
Mil $ %
Fungicides
Mil$
%
Other*
Mil$
%
Total
Mil $ %
2006
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
4,077
873
723
5,673
72
15
13
100
1,830 45
694 17
1,567 38
4,091 100
861
240
64
1,165
74
21
5
100
571
71
213
855
67
8
25
100
7,339 62
1,878 16
2,567 22
11,784 100
2007
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
4,211
896
749
5,856
72
15
13
100
1,999 46
709 16
1,629 38
4,337 100
1,066
243
66
1,375
78
18
5
100
593
73
220
886
67
8
25
100
7,869 63
1,921 15
2,664 21
12,454 100
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table does not cover wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Due to lack
of data resources, the home and garden market sector estimates for 2006 and 2007 as well as the industrial/commercial/government sector's esti-
mate for 2007 were calculated based on the percentage change from 2004 and 2005 data. See Section 5.1 for 2004 and 2005 data. See Tables 5.1
to 5.4 for 1988-2007 estimates.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
* "Other" includes nematicides, fumigants, other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and
petroleum oil).
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2. 2006 and 2007 Sales
Figure 2.2
User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2007 Estimates
Q Agriculture
[] Ihdiistry/Commercial/GoverrurEnt
• Hone & Garden
Herbicides / PGR Insecticides /Miticides Fungicides
Pesticide Type
Other
2.4 Farm Expenditures on Pesticides
in the United States
Pesticides are a significant component of total
farm expenditures and an important element of farm
budgeting and management. U.S. pesticide expenditures in
2006 and 2007 totaled 3.1% and 2.8% of total farm
expenditures, respectively (see Table 2.4). Both farm
expenditures and pesticide expenditures increased in 2007.
Total farm expenditures are based on USDA estimates, and
pesticide expenditure estimates are based on Table 2.3.
Table 2.4
Farm Expenditures on
Pesticides in the United States
Expenditure
(Billion $)
Total
Pesticides
Pesticides as %
of Total
2006
$237.8
$7.3
3.1%
2007
$283.5
$7.9
2.8%
Source: EPA estimates based on Table 2.3 and
USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov).
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3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Amount Used
World pesticide amount used was approximately 5.2 billion pounds in both 2006 and 2007 (see Table
3.1). Herbicides accounted for the largest portion of total use, followed by other pesticides, insecticides, and
fungicides. Total world pesticide amount used increased in 2007. U.S. pesticide amount used in both 2006 and
2007 exceeded 1.1 billion pounds, in proportions similar to those of world pesticide use, with herbicides and
other pesticides representing a larger portion of total U.S. pesticide use (see Figure 3.1). U.S. pesticide amount
used accounted for 22% of total world pesticide amount used, 25% of world herbicide amount used, 10% of
world insecticide amount used, 14% of world fungicide amount used, and more than 25% of other pesticide
amount used in both years. The Agency based its estimates of world and U.S. pesticide amount used on the esti-
mated pesticide amount used and estimated changes in pesticide amount used from public and proprietary EPA
databases. See Section 5.2 for historical data on U.S. pesticide amount used from 1988 to 2007. Data in this
section were developed to compare world with U.S. pesticide use. For a more detailed look at U.S. pesticide use
and a further breakout of the "other" pesticide category, see tables 3.3, 3.4, and 3.11 through 3.13.
Table 3.1
World and U.S. Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used
by Pesticide Type, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Year and
Pesticide Type
World Market
Mil Ibs %
U.S. Market
Mil Ibs %
U.S. Percentage
of World Market
2006
Herbicides1
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other2
Total
2,018 39
955 18
519 10
1,705 33
5,197 100
498 44
99 9
73 6
457 41
1,127 100
25
10
14
27
22
2007
Herbicides1
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other2
Total
2,096 40
892 17
518 10
1,705 33
5,211 100
531 47
93 8
70 6
439 39
1,133 100
25
10
14
26
22
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Does not include wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/
hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Cropnosis Limited (www.cropnosis.com), USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov), and
EPA proprietary data.
1. "Herbicides" include herbicides and plant growth regulators.
2. "Other" includes nematicides, fumigants, and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used
as pesticides such as sulfur, petroleum oil, and sulfiiric acid.
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3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
Figure 3.1
World and U.S. Pesticide Amounts of Active Ingredient at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2007 Estimates
o
PH
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
• World Market
D U.S. Market
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Pesticide Type
Other
Total
3.2 Pesticide Supply in the United States: Producer Level
Table 3.2 summarizes the 2006 and 2007 average U.S. distribution of pesticides at the producer level,
including the amount of production, imports, exports, and supply (total and net). The pesticide amount related to
U.S. pesticide production and consumption comprised 1.2 billion pounds of domestic production, 0.2 billion
pounds of imports, 0.3 billion pounds of exports, and 1.1 billion pounds of net supply.
Table 3.2
U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply
in Amount of Active Ingredient at Producer Level
Production
Imports
Total Supply
Exports
Net Supply
Active Ingredient
(Billions of Pounds)
Average of 2006 and 2007
1.2
0.2
1.4
0.3
1.1
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Includes conven-
tional pesticides and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/FAS (www.fas.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
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3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.3 Pesticide Amount Used in the United States: Total
Total pesticide amount used in the United States was approximately 5.1 billion pounds in both 2006 and
2007 (see Table 3.3). These estimates include conventional pesticides, other chemicals used as pesticides, wood
preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. With more than 2.6 billion pounds used, the
amount of chlorine/hypochlorites used was greater than for all other pesticide groups combined (see Figure 3.2).
The estimates of use by group rely on the estimated amount used and changes in estimated amount used by
pesticide group derived from public and proprietary EPA databases. A discussion of the amount used of each
pesticide group in 2006 and 2007 appears in subsequent sections (see footnotes to Table 3.3 for locations).
Table 3.3
Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States
by Pesticide Group, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Pesticide Group
Conventional Pesticides1
Other Pesticides2
Specialty Biocides3
Chlorine/Hypochlorites Used In
Water Treatment4
Wood Preservatives5
Total
Total (Million Pounds)
2006 2007
821 857
306 276
379 389
2,609 2,609
985 954
5,100 5,085
1. See Table 3.4 (conventional pesticides) for additional details and specific source
information.
2. "Other pesticides" include other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum
oil). See Table 3.11 (other pesticides) for additional details and specific source
information.
3. See Table 3.12 (specialty biocides) for additional details and specific source
information.
4. Due to the lack of data on chlorine/hypochlorites use, the estimate is based on the
amount reported in the previous report (U.S. EPA, "Pesticide Industry Sales and Usage,
2000 and 2001 Market Estimates," 2004).
5. Due to the lack of data available for 2006, the estimate of the amount of wood
preservatives used in 2006 is based on data from 2004. See Table 3.13 for additional
details and specific source information.
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3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
Figure 3.2
Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States
by Pesticide Group, 2007 Estimates
Conventional Pesticides
17%
Chlorine/Hypochlorites
51%
Other Pesticides 5%
WoodPreservatives 19%
Specialty Biocides 8%
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3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.4 Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States: Conventional
Table 3.4 shows that the amount of conventional pesticide used in 2006 and 2007 totaled 821 and 857
million pounds of active ingredient, respectively. This category of pesticide use was third highest among all
pesticide groups in the United States after chlorine/hypochlorites and wood preservatives. Table 3.4 shows the
breakout of this use by pesticide type and market sector. Pesticide types in this group include herbicides, plant
growth regulators (PGRs), insecticides, miticides, fungicides, nematicides, fumigants, and others. The amount
used in the agricultural sector accounted for the majority of the total amount used in 2006 and 2007, with the two
non-agricultural sectors (industry/commercial/government and home & garden) cumulatively accounting for
approximately one-fifth of the total use in each year (see Table 3.4). The amount used in the agriculture sector
also accounted for the majority of the total amount used by pesticide type—70% or more of the total amount
used of each type, except for fungicides in 2006 (63%) and 2007 (63%). Figure 3.3 graphs the distribution of
use by pesticide type and sector in 2007. The estimated use levels rely on the estimated amount used and
changes in amount used of conventional pesticides by sector and type derived from public and proprietary EPA
databases.
Table 3.4
Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Year and
Market Sector
Herbicides/Plant
Growth Regulators
Mil Ibs %
Insecticides/
Miticides
Mil Ibs
2006
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
407 82
45 9
46 9
498 100
69
14
16
99
o/o
Fungicides
Mil Ibs %
Nematicide/
Fumigant
Mil Ibs
70
14
16
100
46 63
20 27
7 10
73 100
96
24
1
121
o/o
Other
Conventional*
Mil Ibs %
Total
Mil Ibs
79
20
1
100
25 83
4 13
1 3
30 100
643
107
71
821
o/o
78
13
9
100
2007
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
442 83
46 9
43 8
531 100
65
14
14
93
70
15
15
100
44 63
19 27
7 10
70 100
108
24
1
133
81
18
1
100
25 83
4 13
1 3
30 100
684
107
66
857
80
12
8
100
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table does not cover wood preservatives, specialty biocides, chlorine/hypochlorites, and other chemicals
used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil). The abbreviation "a.i." stands for active ingredient.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
See Tables 5.5 to 5.8 for 1988-2007 estimates.
* "Other Conventional" pesticides include rodenticides and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides.
Page 12—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
Figure 3.3
Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2007 Estimates
600
500
X 400
^
a
o
.0
a 200
100
[] Agriculture
[] Indus by/Cbrrinereial/Cbvemrnent
• Horns & Garden
Herbicides / Plant
Growth Regulators
Insecticides/
Miticides
Fungicides
Pesticide Type
Nematicides/
Fumigants
Other Conventional
3.5 Share of U.S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sectors
Table 3.5 shows the agricultural and non-agricultural market share of total conventional pesticides con-
sumed in 2006 and 2007. The agricultural sector accounts for nearly 80% of the total amount of conventional
pesticides used in both years. See Table 5.9 in Section 5.2 for historical data covering the years 1970 through
2007.
Table 3.5
Share of U.S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sectors, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Year
2006
2007
U.S.
Millbs
821
857
Agricultural Market Sector
Mil Ibs
643
684
% of U.S.
78
80
Non- Agricultural Market Sector
Mil Ibs
178
173
% of U.S.
22
20
Note: Table data include conventional pesticides only, and exclude sulfur, petroleum oil, and other chemicals used as
pesticides (e.g., sulfiiric acid and insect repellents), wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
See Table 5.9 for 1970-2007 data.
Source: EPA estimates based on Table 3.4.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 13
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.6 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients in the U.S.
Agricultural Market Sector
Table 3.6 shows the 25 most commonly used conventional pesticide active ingredients in the agricul-
tural sector in 2007 and selected earlier years. Glyphosate was the most used active ingredient in 2007 (180 mil-
lion to 185 million pounds used). It has been the most used active ingredient in agriculture since 2001. Thirteen
of the top 25 active ingredients used in the agricultural sector are herbicides; 3 are fungicides; 3 are insecticides;
5 are fumigants; and 1 is a plant growth regulator. The rankings rely on the estimated pounds of conventional
pesticides used in the agricultural sector, taken from public and proprietary databases.
Table 3.6
Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Agricultural Market Sector, 2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active
Ingredient
Glyphosate
Atrazine
Metam Sodium
Metolachlor-S
Acetochlor
Dichloropropene
2,4-D
Methyl Bromide
Chloropicrin
Pendimenthalin
Ethephon
Chlorothalonil
Metam Potassium
Chlorpyrifos
Copper Hydroxide
Simazine
Trifluralin
Propanil
Mancozeb
Aldicarb
Acephate
Diuron
MCPA
Paraquat
Dimethenamid
Type
H
H
Fum
H
H
Fum
H
Fum
Fum
H
PGR
F
Fum
I
F
H
H
H
F
I
I
H
H
H
H
2007
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Range
180-185
73-78
50-55
30-35
28-33
27-32
25-29
11-15
9-11
7-9
7-9
7-9
7-9
7-9
6-8
5-7
5-7
4-6
4-6
3-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2005
Rank
1
2
o
J
5
6
4
7
8
10
9
11
13
20
15
12
17
14
18
16
21
24
19
—
25
—
Range
155-160
70-75
39-44
27-32
26-31
30-35
24-28
12-16
9-12
9-12
8-10
7-9
4-6
6-8
8-10
5-7
7-9
4-6
6-8
3-5
2-4
4-6
2-4
2-4
2-4
2003
Rank
1
2
3
6
5
7
4
8
9
10
15
14
20
13
12
17
11
18
16
25
—
21
24
—
23
Range
128-133
75-80
45-50
28-33
30-35
20-24
30-35
13-17
9-12
9-12
6-7
7-9
4-6
7-9
7-9
6-7
8-10
5-7
6-7
4-6
1-3
4-6
4-6
3-4
4-6
2001
Rank
1
2
3
9
4
8
5
7
18
11
21
13
—
15
14
23
12
17
20
—
—
—
—
—
19
Range
85-90
74-80
57-62
20-24
30-35
20-25
28-33
20-25
5-9
15-19
5-8
8-11
1-2
8-11
8-10
5-7
12-16
6-9
6-8
3-5
1-3
3-6
3-5
3-5
6-8
Note: List is limited to conventional pesticides and does not include sulfur and petroleum oil (see Table 3.11). H indicates herbicide; I, insecticide; Fum,
fiimigant; F, fungicide; and PGR, plant growth regulator. A dash (—) indicates that the pesticide was not one of the 25 most commonly used (pesticides)
in the given year. Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
Page 14—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.7 Most Commonly Used
Conventional Pesticide
Active Ingredients in the
U.S. Non-Agricultural
Market Sectors
Tables 3.7 and 3.8 show the 10
most commonly used conventional
pesticide active ingredients in the two
non-agricultural sectors (home & garden
and industry/commercial/government) for
2007 and selected earlier years. In both
sectors, 2,4-D was the most used active
ingredient, with between 8 and 11 million
pounds used in the home and garden
sector (see Table 3.7) and between 19 and
22 million pounds used in the industry/
commercial/government sector (see Table
3.8). Seven of the top 10 active
ingredients used in the home and garden
sector are herbicides, and three are
insecticides. Six of the top 10 active
ingredients used in the industry/
commercial/government sector are
herbicides, two are fungicides, and two
are insecticides. As noted in Table 3.8,
because some applicators apply pesticides
in both markets, there may be some usage
reported in one market that may have
occurred in the other. The rankings are
based on EPA proprietary data.
Table 3.7
Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients
Home and Garden Market Sector
2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active
Ingredient
2,4-D
Glyphosate
Carbaryl
MCPP
Pendimethalin
Pyrethroids
Malathion
Dicamba
Trifluralin
Pelarganoc Acid
Type
H
H
I
H
H
I
I
H
H
H
2007 &
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2005
Range
8-11
5-8
4-6
4-6
3-5
2-4
2-4
1-3
1-3
<1
2003
Rank
1
5
2
3
4
7
6
9
—
—
Range
8-11
5-8
6-9
5-8
5-8
2-4
3-6
1-3
<1
<1
2001
Rank
1
2
6
5
3
—
8
7
—
—
Range
8-11
5-8
2-4
4-6
3-6
<1
2-4
2-4
<1
<1
Note: Does not include moth controls: Paradiclorobenzene (30-35 million pounds per year) and naphtha-
lene (2-4 million pounds per year). Also does not include insect repellent N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (5-7
million pounds per year). H indicates herbicide, and I indicates insecticide. A dash (—) indicates that an
estimate is not available. Due to lack of data, the same estimates are used for both 2005 and 2007 in this
report. Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data.
Table 3.8
Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active
Ingredient
2,4-D
Glyphosate
Chlorothalonil
MSMA
Diuron
Pendimethalin
Triclopyr
Copper Sulfate
Malathion
Sulfuryl fluoride
Type
H
H
F
H
H
H
H
F
I
I
2007 &
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2005
Range
19-22
13-15
3-5
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
1-3
1-3
2003
Rank
1
2
4
5
6
8
7
3
9
10
Range
19-22
13-15
3-5
3-5
2-4
2-4
2-4
4-6
1-3
1-3
2001
Rank
1
2
5
8
7
4
9
3
10
—
Range
16-18
13-15
2-4
2-4
2-4
3-5
1-3
4-6
1-3
—
Note: Includes applications to homes and gardens by professional applicators. Does not include sulfur or
petroleum oil. H indicates herbicide; I, insecticide; and F, fungicide. A dash (—) indicates that an esti-
mate is not available. Due to lack of data, the same estimate is used for both 2005 and 2007 in this report.
Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 15
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.8 Amount of Organophosphate Insecticides Used in the United States
Table 3.9 shows the total amount of organophosphate insecticide used annually since 1990. The top 10
active ingredients used in 2007 in this pesticide class are chlorpyrifos, malathion, acephate, naled, dicrotophos,
phosmet, phorate, diazinon, dimethoate, and azinphos-methyl (see Table 3.10). Since the passage of the Food
Quality Protection Act (FQPA) in 1996, this class of conventional pesticides has been a primary focus of EPA
reregistration and registration review activities. For more information on the active ingredients included in this
pesticide class and their registration status, refer to U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs Special Docket
EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0151 at www.regulations.gov.
The amount of organophosphate insecticides used has declined more than 60% since 1990, from an
estimated 85 million pounds in 1990 to 33 million pounds in 2007 (see Table 3.9). Organophosphate use as a
percent of total insecticide use has decreased from 70% in 1990 to 36% in 2007. The estimates of organophos-
phate insecticide use rely on the estimated amount used and changes in the amount used of organophosphates
from public and proprietary EPA databases.
Table 3.9
Amount of Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients Used in the United States
All Market Sectors, 1990-2007 Estimates
Year
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
All Insecticides
Mil Ibs
228
161
121
114
116
115
124
125
116
112
103
126
122
105
130
115
114
104
99
93
Organophosphate Insecticides
Mil Ibs % of All Insecticides
131 57
114 71
85 70
82 72
84 72
79 69
83 67
80 64
75 65
73 65
66 64
91 72
88 72
73 70
59 45
46 40
46 40
40 39
37 38
33 35
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary
data.
Page 16—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
Figure 3.4
Total Amount of Organophosphate and All Other Insecticide Active Ingredients
Used in the United States in All Market Sectors, 1990-2007
250
200
•o
a
o
PH
•I 100
50 •
0
Organophosphate Insecticides
1980 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Note: The dotted vertical line indicates a change in time scale.
2000
Year
2002
2004
2006
Table 3.10
Most Commonly Used Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients,
All Market Sectors, 2007, 2005, 2003, and 2001 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active Ingredient
Chlorpyrifos
Malathion
Acephate
Naled
Dicrotophos
Phosmet
Phorate
Diazinon
Dimethoate
Azinphos-Methyl
2007
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Range
8-11
5-9
4-6
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
<1
<1
<1
2005
Rank
2
1
3
5
7
4
6
8
10
9
Range
7-9
11-13
4-6
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
<1
<1
<1
2003
Rank
2
1
5
7
—
6
9
3
—
8
Range
9-11
11-13
2-4
1-2
—
1-2
1-2
3-5
—
1-2
2001
Rank
2
1
5
—
—
8
6
3
10
9
Range
11-16
23-32
2-3
—
—
1-2
2-3
4-7
1-2
1-2
Note: A dash (—) indicates that an estimate is not available.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 17
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.9 Pesticide Amount Used in the United States: Other
The total amount of other pesticides used in the United States was more than 300 million pounds in
2006 and more than 275 million pounds in 2007 (see Table 3.11). The pesticides in this group include sulfur;
petroleum oil; other chemicals used as pesticides, such as sulfuric acid; insect repellents (e.g., DEBT); moth
control products (e.g., paradichlorobenzene); and others. In 2007, nearly all of the sulfur and oil used (84%) was
in the agricultural sector, while the use of the other pesticides in this group was mainly in the agricultural and
home and garden sectors (91%). The decrease in the amount used from 2006 to 2007 resulted mainly from a
decrease in the use of other pesticides in the agricultural sector. Nearly three-fourths of the total amount of
sulfur, oil, and other pesticides used was in the agricultural sector. The estimated use levels rely on the amount
used and changes in the amount used of sulfur, oil, and other pesticides by sector and type derived from public
and proprietary EPA databases.
Table 3.11
Other Pesticides Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Year and
Market Sector
Sulfur and Oil1
Mil Ibs
2006
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
159
14
15
188
%
Other2
Mil Ibs %
Total
Mil Ibs %
85
7
8
100
64 54
8 7
46 39
118 100
223 73
22 7
61 20
306 100
2007
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
152
14
15
181
84
8
8
100
41 43
8 8
46 48
95 100
193 70
22 8
61 22
276 100
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table estimates do not include conventional pesticides, wood
preservatives, specialty biocides, or chlorine/hypochlorites. The abbreviation "a.i." is for active ingredient.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
See Tables 5.5 to 5.8 for 1988-2007 estimates. Due to lack of available data, the estimated amount of sulfur
and petroleum oil and the estimated amount of other pesticides in the industry/commercial/government
sector were carried forward from the 2001 report.
1. "Sulfur and Oil" includes sulfur, petroleum distillate, and petroleum oil.
2. "Other" includes sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, insect repellents, zinc sulfate, moth control chemicals
(e.g., paradichlorobenzene and naphthalene), and other miscellaneous chemicals used as pesticides but
produced largely for non-pesticidal purposes.
Page 18—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2006 and 2007 Usage
3.10 Pesticide Amount Used in the United States: Specialty Biocides and
Wood Preservatives
Tables 3.12 and 3.13 show the total amount of specialty biocides and wood preservatives by end-use
market in the United States in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Specialty biocides include water treatment chemi-
cals, disinfectants and sanitizers, and products for other uses, such as in adhesives, sealants, and leather. More
than 80% of the total amount of specialty biocides used in 2006 and 2007 were water treatment chemicals.
Wood preservatives include waterborne preservatives, oilborne preservatives, and creosote. Creosote accounted
for 78% of the total wood preservative amount used in 2007.
Table 3.12
Specialty Biocides Used in the United States
by End-Use Market, 2006 and 2007 Estimates
Year and
End Use Market
Total
Mil Ibs %
2006
Recreational and Industrial
Water Treatment1
Disinfectants and Sanitizers2
Other Specialty Biocides3
Total
311 82
25 7
44 12
379 100
2007
Recreational and Industrial
Water Treatment1
Disinfectants and Sanitizers2
Other Specialty Biocides3
Total
319 82
26 7
45 12
389 100
Note: Totals do not sum due to rounding.
Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data.
1. "Recreational and Industrial Water Treatment" does not include
hypochlorite or chlorine use.
2. "Disinfectants and Sanitizers" includes industrial/institutional
applications and household cleaning products. Does not include
hypochlorite or chlorine use.
3. "Other Specialty Biocides" includes biocides for adhesives and
sealants, leather, synthetic latex polymers, metalworking fluids,
paints and coatings, petroleum products, plastics, mineral slurries,
and textiles.
Table 3.13
Wood Preservatives Used in the United States
by End-Use Market, 2004 and 2007 Estimates
Year and
End Use Market
Total
Mil Ibs %
2006
Waterborne Preservatives
Oilborne Preservatives
Creosote
Total
183 19
23 2
779 79
985 100
2007
Waterborne Preservatives
Oilborne Preservatives
Creosote
Total
185 19
23 2
746 78
954 100
Note: Due to lack of data resources, data are only available for the
years 2004 and 2007. Percentages for 2007 do not sum to 100 due
to rounding.
Source: Statistical Overview of the U.S. Wood Preservatives
Industry: 2004 and 2007. by Richard P. Vlosky. "Wood
Preservatives" include creosote, pentachlorophenol, chromated
copper arsenate (CCA), and micronized copper systems.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 19
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
4. Producers and Users
4. Producers and Users
4.1 Pesticide Producers and Users in 2007
Table 4.1 lists 2007 estimates of the number of firms that are pesticide producers, formulators, and dis-
tributors. Table 4.2 lists 2007 estimates of the number of exterminating and pest control firms and certified pes-
ticide applicators. Table 4.3 lists 2007 estimates of farm land, acres harvested, and the number of farms using
pesticides and fertilizers. Table 4.4 lists 2007 estimates of the number of households using pesticides.
Table 4.1
Number of U.S. Pesticide Producers,
Formulators, and Distributors
Major Pesticide Producers
Other Pesticide Producers
Major Pesticide Formulators
Other Pesticide Formulators
Major Distributors and
Establishments
Other Distributors and
Establishments
12
100
120-150
1,550
150-250
13,250
Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data.
Table 4.3
Land in Farms, Land Harvested, Number
of Farms, and Farms Using Pesticides
Land in Farms (acres) 922 million
Land Harvested (acres) 310 million
Total Number of Farms 2.204 million
Total Number of Farms with Cropland 1.685 million
Total Number of Farms with Har- 1.328 million
vested Cropland
Number of Farms Using Chemicals for:
Insects on Crops/Hay 354,357
Nematodes 34,992
Diseases on Crops/Orchards 97,333
Weed/Grass/Brush 703,884
Defoliation/Fruit Thinning 44,638
Any or all of the above 918,604
Any or all of the above plus fertilizer 1,288,360
Table 4.2
Number of Exterminating and Pest Control
Firms and Number of Certified Applicators
Exterminating and Pest Control Firms
Private1 Certified Applicators
Commercial2 Certified Applicators
25,600
538,053
399,044
Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data and 2007
EPA data on the number of certified private and commercial pesticide
applicators.
1. Private certified applicators refers primarily to individual farmers.
2. Commercial certified applicators refers to professional
pesticide applicators.
Table 4.4
Number of U.S. Households Using Pesticides
by Pesticide Type
Pesticide Type
Insecticides
Fungicides
Herbicides
Repellents
Disinfectants
Any Pesticides
Households
59 million
14 million
41 million
53 million
59 million
78 million
Note: In 2000 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the U.S. popula-
tion to be 281.4 million with 105.5 million households.
Source: EPA estimates based on the 1992 EPA National Home
and Garden Survey and 2000 U.S. Census Bureau population
estimates (www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states).
Source: 2007 USDA Census of Agriculture
(www.agcensus.usda.gov).
Page 20—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5. Historical Data
5. Historical Data
5.1 Annual Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States: 1988-2007
Tables 5.1 through 5.4 and corresponding figures summarize annual user expenditures on pesticides
since 1988. Table 5.1 summarizes user expenditures on pesticides in all markets combined, while Tables 5.2,
5.3, and 5.4 and corresponding figures summarize user expenditures in the agricultural, industry/commercial/
government, and home and garden markets, respectively. In each market, user expenditures on pesticides have
increased in total and by type since 1988, although the total amount has fluctuated from year to year.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 21
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.1
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
All Market Sectors
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
4,121
4,305
4,473
4,682
5,004
5,094
5,944
6,276
6,599
6,846
Insecticides
1,964
1,978
2,083
2,139
2,198
2,479
2,722
3,017
2,849
2,957
Fungicides
and Other*
1,190
1,141
1,171
1,223
1,183
1,259
1,408
1,488
1,521
1,528
Total
7,275
7,424
7,727
8,044
8,385
8,832
10,074
10,781
10,969
11,331
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
6,853
6,368
6,365
6,410
6,250
6,240
6,166
5,979
5,673
5,856
Insecticides
2,872
3,046
3,129
3,124
3,355
3,515
3,874
4,014
4,091
4,337
Fungicides
and Other*
1,691
1,741
1,671
1,556
1,566
1,670
1,865
1,984
2,020
2,261
Total
11,416
11,155
11,165
11,090
11,171
11,425
11,905
11,977
11,784
12,454
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Data on pesticide expenditures are reported in nominal terms.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
* Includes fungicides, nematicides, fiimigants, other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
See Table 2.3.
Figure 5.1
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
All Market Sectors
14,000
12,000
„ 10,000
p 8,000
o
e
.o 6,000 -
0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Page 22—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.2
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
3,080
3,255
3,463
3,644
3,915
3,987
4,808
5,112
5,399
5,610
Insecticides
1,010
978
1,067
687
1,058
1,123
1,293
1,607
1,480
1,551
Fungicides
and Other*
775
800
842
884
829
895
1,036
1,107
1,128
1,124
Total
4,865
5,033
5,372
5,215
5,802
6,005
7,137
7,826
8,007
8,285
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
5,632
5,012
5,007
4,987
4,808
4,784
4,645
4,431
4,077
4,211
Insecticides
1,427
1,370
1,411
1,326
1,470
1,434
1,750
1,829
1,830
1,999
Fungicides
and Other*
1,209
1,243
1,194
1,091
1,069
1,162
1,301
1,410
1,432
1,659
Total
8,268
7,625
7,612
7,404
7,347
7,380
7,696
7,670
7,339
7,869
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Data on pesticide expenditures are reported in nominal terms. For the years 1988-1990
and 1995, USDA national estimates of farm expenditures on agricultural pesticides, which include pesticide application costs, are lower than EPA's estimates, which do
not include pesticide application costs. Data are not available to reconcile these data inconsistencies.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
* Includes fungicides, nematicides, fumigants, other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
See Table 2.3.
Figure 5.2
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
o
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.3
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
600
630
593
616
648
660
679
700
721
743
Insecticides
394
317
307
328
378
406
533
527
458
386
Fungicides
and Other*
240
180
169
176
186
191
197
202
208
214
Total
1,234
1,127
1,069
1,120
1,212
1,257
1,409
1,429
1,387
1,343
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
728
794
762
792
802
807
847
850
873
896
Insecticides
425
463
468
510
546
688
675
679
694
709
Fungicides
and Other*
292
289
255
233
255
257
304
306
311
316
Total
1,445
1,546
1,485
1,535
1,603
1,752
1,826
1,835
1,878
1,921
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Data on pesticide expenditures are reported in nominal terms.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
* Includes fungicides, nematicides, fiimigants, other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
See Table 2.3.
Figure 5.3
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
2,500
0 H
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Page 24—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.4
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
441
420
417
423
441
446
456
465
479
493
Insecticides
601
683
710
724
762
870
895
883
910
1,020
Fungicides
and Other*
175
161
160
162
168
174
175
179
185
190
Total
1,217
1,264
1,287
1,309
1,371
1,490
1,526
1,527
1,574
1,703
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
493
562
596
631
640
649
674
698
723
749
Insecticides
1,020
1,213
1,250
1,288
1,339
1,393
1,449
1,506
1,567
1,629
Fungicides
and Other*
190
209
222
232
242
251
260
268
277
286
Total
1,703
1,984
2,068
2,151
2,221
2,293
2,383
2,472
2,567
2,664
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Data on pesticide expenditures are reported in nominal terms.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
* Includes fungicides, nematicides, fiimigants, other miscellaneous conventional pesticides, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
See Table 2.3.
Figure 5.4
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the United States by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 25
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5. Historical Data
5.2 Annual Amount of Pesticides Used in the United States: 1988-2007
Tables 5.5 through 5.8 and corresponding figures summarize the annual amount of pesticides used since
1988. Table 5.5 summarizes the amount of pesticides used in all markets combined, while Tables 5.6, 5.7, and
5.8 and corresponding figures summarize the amount of pesticides used in the agricultural, industry/commercial/
government, and home and garden markets, respectively.
Page 26—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.5
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
All Market Sectors
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
557
567
564
546
554
527
583
556
578
568
Insecti-
cides
132
123
121
114
116
115
124
125
116
112
Fungi-
cides
99
98
91
86
81
80
79
77
79
81
Other
Conv1
137
154
173
182
189
192
199
203
222
197
Other2
266
251
252
226
246
248
244
249
234
270
Total
1,191
1,193
1,201
1,154
1,186
1,162
1,229
1,210
1,229
1,228
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
555
534
542
553
527
527
521
513
498
531
Insecti-
cides
103
126
122
105
130
115
114
104
99
93
Fungi-
cides
86
79
74
73
71
76
75
78
73
70
Other
Conv1
168
173
188
157
157
150
175
149
151
163
Other2
294
332
308
315
321
335
325
308
306
276
Total
1,206
1,244
1,234
1,203
1,206
1,203
1,210
1,152
1,127
1,133
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fumigants, and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides. See Table 3.4.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents). See Table 3.11.
Figure 5.5
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States by Pesticide
1988-2007 Estimates
All Market Sectors
Type,
1,400
1,200
1,000 -
&e
•a
e
o 800
a.
o
e
o
600 -
400
200 -
0
Herbicides
--•
Insecticides
BynBi^iraa
Other Conventional
Other
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Year
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 27
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.6
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
450
460
455
440
450
425
485
461
481
470
Insecti-
cides
91
85
82
77
78
72
80
85
81
79
Fungi-
cides
54
54
50
47
45
47
48
49
51
53
Other
Conv1
95
113
133
144
150
154
163
170
190
165
Other2
177
161
164
140
161
166
163
168
152
188
Total
867
873
884
848
884
864
939
933
955
955
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
465
428
432
433
417
426
425
421
407
442
Insecti-
cides
69
93
90
73
97
80
82
73
69
65
Fungi-
cides
54
45
44
42
40
43
43
47
46
44
Other
Conv1
136
140
156
127
127
120
145
119
121
133
Other2
212
250
226
232
238
252
242
225
223
193
Total
936
956
948
907
919
921
937
885
866
877
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fumigants, and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides. See Table 3.4.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents). See Table 3.11.
Figure 5.6
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
1,200
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Year
Page 28—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.7
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
64
63
63
60
58
56
52
48
49
49
Insecti-
cides
27
27
27
26
27
30
30
28
24
20
Fungi-
cides
32
31
31
30
28
25
23
20
20
20
Other
Conv1
39
38
38
37
36
36
34
31
30
30
Other2
22
22
22
21
21
20
20
22
22
22
Total
184
181
181
174
170
167
159
149
145
141
Year
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
41
52
48
49
48
48
45
44
45
46
Insecti-
cides
21
19
17
15
14
14
13
14
14
14
Fungi-
cides
24
24
19
19
20
22
22
22
20
19
Other
Conv1
30
31
30
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Other2
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
Total
138
148
136
133
132
134
130
130
129
129
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fiimigants, and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides. See Table 3.4.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents). See Table 3.11.
Figure 5.7
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
200
180 -
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year
2002
2004
2006
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 29
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.8
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
43
44
46
46
46
46
46
47
48
49
Insecti-
cides
13
12
12
12
12
13
13
12
12
13
Fungi-
cides
13
13
10
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
Other
Conv1
o
J
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Other2
67
68
66
65
64
62
61
59
60
60
Total
139
139
136
134
132
131
130
128
130
132
Year
1998
1999
2000
20013
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
49
54
62
62
62
53
51
48
46
43
Insecti-
cides
13
14
15
17
19
21
19
17
16
14
Fungi-
cides
8
10
11
12
11
11
10
9
7
7
Other
Conv1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Other2
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
Total
132
140
150
154
155
148
143
137
132
127
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fumigants, and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides. See Table 3.4.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents). See Table 3.11.
3. The previous estimate of herbicide and PGR use for 2001 was revised in the current report to based on new data.
Figure 5.8
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
by Pesticide Type, 1988-2007 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
100 H
o 80 H
60 -
40 -
20 -
0
Herbicides
Other Conventional S*
Other
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Year
Page 30—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.9
Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the United States
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sector Shares, 1970-2007
Year
1 tdl
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Total U.S.
Million Pounds
760
793
843
882
964
,013
,041
,084
,106
,144
,121
,118
,084
,021
,061
,020
988
906
925
942
949
928
940
914
984
961
996
958
912
912
926
888
885
868
885
844
821
857
Agricultural Sector
Million Pounds % of total
499 66
528 67
575 68
607 69
688 71
729 72
753 72
794 73
813 74
843 74
826 74
831 74
804 74
745 73
794 75
767 75
739 75
666 74
690 75
712 76
720 76
708 76
723 77
698 76
776 79
765 80
803 81
767 80
724 79
706 77
722 78
675 76
681 77
669 77
695 79
660 78
643 78
684 80
Non-Agricultural Sector
Million Pounds
261
265
268
275
276
284
288
290
293
301
295
287
280
276
267
253
249
240
235
230
229
220
217
216
208
196
193
191
188
206
204
213
204
199
190
184
178
173
Note: Conventional pesticides only, excluding sulfur, petroleum oil, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents),
wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (www.nass.usda.gov) and EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 31
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6. Glossary
6. Glossary
ACTIVE INGREDIENT (a.i.): The chemical or substance component of a pesticide product intended to kill, repel,
attract, mitigate, or control a pest, or that acts as a plant growth regulator, desiccant, or nitrogen stabilizer. The
remainder of a formulated pesticide product consists of one or more "inert ingredients" (e.g., water, solvents,
emulsifiers, surfactants, clay, and propellants), which are there for reasons other than pesticidal activity.
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR (OR MARKET): Pesticides applied by owner/operators and custom/commercial
applicators to farms and facilities involved in the production of raw agricultural commodities, principally food,
fiber, and tobacco; includes non-crop and post-harvest use as well as crop and field applications.
CERTIFIED APPLICATOR: A person who is authorized to apply "restricted-use" pesticides as a result of meeting
requirements for certification under FIFRA-mandated programs. Applicator certification programs are conducted
by states, territories, and tribes in accordance with national standards set by EPA. "Restricted-use pesticides" may
be used only by or under the direct supervision of specially trained and certified applicators.
COMMERCIAL APPLICATOR: A person applying pesticides as part of a business, applying pesticides for hire,
or applying pesticides as part of his or her job with another (not for hire) type of business, organization, or agency.
Commercial applicators often are certified, but need to be so only if they apply restricted-use pesticides.
CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES: Pesticides that are chemicals or other substances developed and produced pri-
marily or only for use as pesticides. An example is 2,4-D, which was developed and used almost exclusively as a
pesticide. Conventional pesticides also include biological and biochemical pesticides, e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis.
ECONOMIC SECTORS (OR MARKETS): In this report, estimates of quantities used and user expenditures for
pesticides are broken out separately for the three general economic user sectors (or markets) as follows: agricul-
ture, industrial/commercial/governmental, and home and garden. These three sectors/markets are defined else-
where in this glossary.
FDA: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is
involved in regulation of pesticides in the United States, particularly in the enforcement of tolerances in food and
feed products.
FFDCA: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the law that controls pesticide residues in food and feed.
FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the law that generally controls pesticide sale
and use.
FQPA: The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden-
ticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
HOME AND GARDEN SECTOR (OR MARKET): Involves pesticides applied by homeowners to homes and
gardens, including lawns and single- and multiple-unit housing. Does not include pesticides for home and garden
applications by professional applicators.
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/GOVERNMENTAL USER SECTOR (OR MARKET): Involves pesticides ap-
plied by professional applicators (by owners/operators/employees and custom/commercial applicators) to indus-
trial, commercial, and governmental facilities, buildings, sites, and land, plus custom/commercial applications to
homes and gardens, including lawns. May also be referred to as the "professional market" for pesticides.
NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTORS: General term referring to a combination of the home and garden and indus-
trial/commercial/governmental sectors.
OTHER PESTICIDES: Chemicals registered as pesticides but that are produced and marketed mostly for other
purposes (i.e., multi-use chemicals). Notable examples are sulfur, petroleum products (e.g., kerosene, oils, and
distillates), salt, and sulfuric acid.
Page 32—2006 and 2007 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6. Glossary
PESTICIDE: May be used to refer to an active ingredient (as defined above) or formulated pesticide product
registered under FIFRA.
PESTICIDE USAGE: Refers to actual applications of pesticides, generally in terms of quantity applied or units
treated.
PRIVATE APPLICATOR: A category of applicator certification for farmers and/or employees, such that they
can legally apply restricted-use pesticides or supervise others doing so who are not certified.
PRODUCER LEVEL: Data covering companies that manufacture and formulate pesticides.
PROFESSIONAL MARKET: Sales of pesticides for application to industrial/commercial/governmental sector
and to homes and gardens, by certified/commercial applicators.
PROPRIETARY DATA: Pesticide industry marketing research data that EPA purchases from private data
research companies. These data are for EPA use only and cannot be divulged without vendor consent.
Companies include GfK Kynetec, and Kline & Company, Inc.
SPECIALTY BIOCIDES: This report provides estimates for end uses as follows: swimming pools, spas, and
industrial water treatment (excluding chlorine/hypochlorites, which are reported separately); disinfectants and
sanitizers (including industrial/institutional applications and household cleaning products); and other specialty
biocides (including biocides for adhesives and sealants, leather, synthetic latex polymers, metarworking fluids,
paints and coatings, petroleum products, plastics, mineral slurries, and textiles). These categories of end use are
covered by FIFRA. Other end uses of specialty biocides (e.g., hospital/medical antiseptics, food/feed
preservatives, cosmetics/toiletries) are regulated by the FDA under FFDCA and are not covered in this report.
TOLERANCE: The maximum amount of a pesticide allowable in a food or feed product before it is considered
adulterated, usually specified in parts per million.
USD A/FAS: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Publicly available data on U.S.
agricultural imports and exports (www.fas.usda.gov).
USDA NASS: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Publicly available
data on U.S. agricultural pesticide use (www.nass.usda.gov).
USER LEVEL: Data covering persons or businesses that purchase and apply pesticides, such as farmers,
commercial pesticide applicators, and homeowners.
WOOD PRESERVATIVES: Pesticide active ingredients used in treatment of wood to protect it from insects,
fungi, and other pests. This report presents total use of wood preservative chemicals in industrial plants, the bulk
of which is for pressure treatment. The major categories of pesticide chemicals included in this report as wood
preservatives are waterborne preservatives (mainly chromated copper arsenic), oilborne preservatives (e.g.,
copper naphthenate and pentachlorophenol), creosote, creosote-coal tar, and creosote petroleum.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 33
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (7503P)
EPA 733-R-11-001
www.epa.gov/pesticides
January 2011
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