Diesel Emissions Quantifier
User's Guide
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier
User's Guide
Transportation and Regional Programs Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or
positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data
that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to
facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of
technical developments.
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA-420-B-10-033
August 2010
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table of Contents
Page
1. Introduction 1
2. Screen-Specific Instructions 2
2.1 Overview Tab 2
2.2 My Account Tab 2
2.3 Use the Quantifier Tab 2
2.3.1 Fleet Entry Section 2
2.3.2 Enter New Vehicle Group Information Section 4
2.3.2.1 Enter New Marine Vessel 6
2.3.3 Apply a Technology to New Vehicle Group 7
2.3.3.1 Apply a Technology to a Marine Vessel 9
2.3.4 Save a New Vehicle Group and Technology 10
2.3.5 Edit Data 10
2.3.5.1 Edit Vehicle Group Information 10
2.3.5.2 Edit Technology Information 10
2.3.6 Calculate Results 10
2.3.6.1 Emissions Results Screen: Summary Results Tab 10
3. Quick Start Tab 14
4. References Tab 14
Appendix A: Drop-down List Options A-l
Appendix B: Quantifier Calculations B-l
1. Overview B-l
2. Symbols B-l
3. Inputs B-l
4. Conversion Factors and Constants B-2
5. Results Calculations B-3
5.1 Daily/Annual Emissions Results Calculations B-3
5.2 Lifetime Emissions Results Calculations B-7
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Table of Contents (cont.)
Page
6. Special Cases B-9
6.1 Vehicle and Engine Replacement/Repower Strategies B-9
6.2 Trailer Strategies B-10
6.3 Aerodynamic Devices B-10
7. Benefits Module B-10
Appendix C: Scrappage Rate Tables C-l
Appendix D: Locomotive Default Usage D-l
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List of Tables
Table 1: Annual, Daily, and Lifetime Emission Results 11
Table A-l: Vehicle Types and AssociatedTarget Fleets A-l
Table A-2: Target Fleets and Associated Class Equipment A-l
Table A-3: Horsepower Options A-6
Table A-4: Displacement Options A-8
Table A-5: Fuel Types A-9
Table A-6: Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies A-10
Table C-l: On Highway Scrappage Table: Scrappage Table Survival Fraction
(Based on 1980 Vehicles) C-l
Table C-2: NonRoad Median Life Table C-3
Table C-3: NonRoad Default Scrappage Curve C-5
Table D-l: Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul, Passenger, and
Switch Locomotive D-l
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier
User's Guide
1. Introduction
The Diesel Emissions Quantifier ("the Quantifier") is a tool that enables users to estimate
emissions from a fleet of diesel vehicles and/or equipment. The Quantifier can calculate
emissions estimates of NOX, PM, HC, CO, and CC>2 for highway and NonRoad vehicles, and
marine vessels that utilize various emissions control technologies.
The Quantifier has been modeled after the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMEVI)
and the 2008 Locomotive Engines and Marine Diesel Engines Emission Standards Regulations.
The NMEVI is an application developed by the EPA to determine estimates of current and future
emission inventories for on-road motor vehicles and NonRoad equipment. The Quantifier is a
web-based interface that asks users intuitive questions to help estimate their emissions.
The Quantifier is capable of the following:
1. Calculating emissions from a single emissions reduction project;
2. Comparing fleet emissions using different retrofit control technologies; and
3. Assisting SmartWay carrier partners and grantees in developing proper data reports for
submission to the EPA.
The Quantifier calculates the following quantities for the fleet's baseline emissions for
one year, and for the lifetime of a fleet: emissions reduced by the use of control technologies,
and the cost effectiveness of control technologies. The calculated results may then be
downloaded.
The following SIP and conformity language appears as part of the Disclaimer on the
Overview tab for the Quantifier:
"The Diesel Emissions Quantifier is intended as a helpful tool to prepare estimates, but is
not designed to meet requirements under other types of air or transportation submissions.
Please do not continue using the Quantifier until you have read the important usage
information below.
• The Diesel Emission Quantifier should not be used for the calculation of any
emission reductions to be incorporated in a State Implementation Plan (SIP) or
conformity determination.
• If you wish to calculate emission reductions for a SIP or conformity determination,
you should review the appropriate SIP and conformity guidance document and
consult with your EPA Regional Office.
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• For long-duration idle reduction, the SIP and conformity guidance can be found in the
document Guidance for Quantifying and Using Long Duration Truck Idling Emission
Reductions in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity (January,
2004, EPA420-B-04-001, PDF, 33 pages, 379K, About PDF).
• For retrofit projects, the SIP and conformity guidance can be found in the document
Diesel Retrofits: Quantifying and Using Their Benefits in SIPs and Conformity
(June, 2006, EPA420-B-06-005, PDF, 69 pages, 530K, About PDF).
• For emission reduction strategies not covered by those guidance documents, please
consult with your EPA Regional Office."
2. Screen-Specific Instructions
2.1 Overview Tab
The Overview Tab provides users with a basic description of the ways in which the
Quantifier can be used, and ways in which the Quantifier should not be used.
2.2 My Account Tab
On the My Account Tab (which is also accessible via the Use the Quantifier Tab) users
have the option to log in by entering their email address and password. Logging in enables the
user to store information on up to five fleets so that it can be retrieved at a later time.
To obtain a login and password, the user must click on the "Register New Account" link.
This link takes the user to the registration screen, where contact information is entered. Required
contact information includes the user's email address, chosen password, contact name,
organization name, and phone number. The user can opt to enter additional contact information
including their position and address. When the registration information is saved, the user is
taken back to the Use the Quantifier Tab.
The "Forgot Password?" option takes the user to the My Account tab where they are
prompted to enter their email address. An email will be sent to the user which contains an
Internet link where the user can change their password. To log out at any time, the user can click
on the "Log out" link at the top of each screen under the Use the Quantifier Tab.
2.3 Use the Quantifier Tab
2.3.1 Fleet Entry Section
On the Use the Quantifier Tab, either logged in as an authenticated user or not logged in
as an unauthenticated user, users are then prompted to begin use of the Quantifier by defining
basic Fleet Entry information. This includes information for the following fields:
Fleet Name: This is a user Defined Name for the Fleet.
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Fleet Type: On Highway/NonRoad OR Marine. (Please note that the marine vessel component
is separate from the On Highway and NonRoad component of the Quantifier.)
State: The user will select a state from the drop-down list. The user should select the state
where the project is located. If the project spans across more than one state, select the state that
will yield the majority of the emissions reduction benefits. The user does not need to select a
state if they are returning to a saved scenario.
"Are you Quantifying Emissions for EPA?" Indicator: When the user selects this "preparing
data" option, a contact information section will appear below the state drop-down list. All fields
in the Required Contact Information section must be completed by all users who select the
"preparing data" option. Users who want to download data to use in an EPA grant application
only need to complete the Required Contact Information fields. In addition to the Required
Contact Information section, existing SmartWay partners are required to complete the SmartWay
Carrier Questionnaire which appears below the Optional Contact Information section when the
"Click here if you are a SmartWay Carrier/Partner" hyperlink is clicked on. Users who are
joining the SmartWay partnership for the first time are requested to complete the fields in the
Required and Optional Contact Information sections, and the SmartWay Carrier questionnaire.
The questionnaire contains the following information:
• Does the data represents the user's initial fleet baseline, action plan, or annual update?
• Average payload.
• The number of straight trucks, tractors, and trailers that are owned, leased, and
subcontracted.
• The percentage of the fleet operating in each of the following modes:
— Truckload;
— Less than Truckload;
— Pickup/Delivery;
— Leasing; and
- Other.
• The user's parent company and subsidiaries (if applicable).
The questionnaire can be hidden by clicking on the "Click here if you are not a
SmartWay Carrier/Partner" hyperlink which appears at the top of the questionnaire. Once
finished, the user can click Continue to move to the next screen to input specific information on
the fleet.
"Are you entering project funding information to calculate total cost effectiveness?"
Indicator: Entering funding data is optional, but if the user wants to view the Total Cost
Effectiveness of a project, funding data are required. The user can select Yes for this indicator
and a list of funding sources and fields for dollar amounts will appear. The user should enter
funding amounts in the appropriate fields. Funding data includes all costs associated with a
project, including retrofit capital costs, installation costs, administrative costs, etc.
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Total Project Funding: This quantity is the sum of all funding source amounts entered by the
user. The Quantifier automatically calculates this value. In order for the Quantifier to accurately
calculate Total Cost Effectiveness, the user must ensure that the Total Project Funding amount
only applies to the current vehicle group(s) entered. For example, if a user wishes to apply
$100,000 of funding to two vehicle groups, entering $100,000 of funding for each vehicle group
will result in a funding amount of $200,000 being used in the Total Cost Effectiveness
calculation. Instead, the user should input all the funding information with the first vehicle
group. If there are multiple vehicle groups then funding information for subsequent vehicle
groups should be left at zero.
To Save Fleet Entry information, select Save Fleet, and the Enter Vehicle Group Section
will be made available.
2.3.2 Enter New Vehicle Group Information Section
On this screen, the user will input information specific to each vehicle group in the fleet,
as well as the vehicles to which one or more emission reduction strategies are applied. For fields
specific to marine vessels, refer to Section 2.2.2.1. All other field definitions for marine vessels
can be found in Section 2.2.2. This includes the types of vehicles in the fleet, the number, model
year, and retrofit year of each vehicle group; fuel and usage information; the type(s) of
technology applied; and cost information. This screen must be completed for each vehicle group
separately. The user is encouraged to input fleet data with as much detail as possible; there is no
limit to the number of vehicle groups that can be entered for a fleet. For example, a user has a
fleet of 100 school buses with a range of model years from 1990 to 2005. The user may enter
this fleet as one entry using an average model year. Alternatively, the user may enter vehicles of
each model year separately. The more accurate the data entered is, the more accurate the results
will be.
The Enter New Vehicle Group Information section of the Fleet Information screen is
where the user enters information on each vehicle group in the fleet. After the required Fleet
Information has been entered and saved, the user can begin entry for a Vehicle Group within the
Fleet. The following fields appear in the order listed below, and must be completed or selected
from drop-down lists. All of the drop-down list options are provided in Appendix A. Numeric
values must be entered without commas.
State: The state selected on the Start Screen will appear as the Selected State.
Type: Select the vehicle type (either On Highway or NonRoad) for the vehicle group from the
drop-down list.
Target Fleet: Select the vehicle group target fleet from the drop-down list. The list options will
vary depending on the Type selected.
Class/Equipment: Select the Vehicle/Equipment category from the drop-down list. The list
options vary depending on the Target Fleet selected.
Quantity: Enter the number of the vehicles of the fleet in a specific vehicle group.
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Model Year: Enter the model year of the engine, not the vehicle.
Retrofit Year: Enter the year the emissions control retrofit will be installed.
Horsepower: If the user selects NonRoad as the Type, a field for Horsepower will appear below
the Retrofit Year field. The user must select the vehicle's horsepower from the drop-down list.
If the Horsepower drop-down list does not include an exact match for the user's vehicle, the user
should select the nearest value.
In the following fields, the user must provide information on how the vehicles in a
particular vehicle group are operated. This includes information on fuel usage, distance traveled,
travel time, and idling time. There is a direct correlation between fuel usage and CO2 emissions.
Different fuels emit different amounts of CC>2 based on their chemical make-up.
Fuel Type: Select the fuel used by the vehicle group from the drop-down list. Table A-4 lists
the options that appear in the Fuel Type drop-down list, their associated CO2 factors, and the
vehicle types and years for which each fuel type can be selected. The CC>2 factors are multiplied
by the fuel volume to convert a non-diesel fuel volume into a diesel equivalent. The resulting
value will be displayed in the "Calculated Fuel Volume" field.
Fuel Volume: Fuel Volume is the amount of fuel used (in gallons per year) by all vehicles in a
group, including fuel consumed while idling. A Fuel Type must be selected before the user can
enter Fuel Volume. Depending on which Fuel Type is selected, the user-entered Fuel Volume is
converted into a diesel equivalent in the "Calculated Fuel Volume" field. This allows the CO2
emissions to be compared on an equal basis across the entire fleet.
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): This field will only appear if "On Highway" is selected as the
Type. If "NonRoad" is selected as the Type, a Usage Rate field will appear instead. VMT is the
average number of miles traveled per vehicle in the group per year. VMT can be calculated by
averaging the miles traveled per year of all vehicles in a group. Alternatively, VMT can be
calculated by dividing the total miles traveled in a year by the total number of vehicles in the
group. The example below illustrates this calculation:
Example:
Vehicle Miles/Year
1 10,000
2 20,000
3 30,000
VMT = (10,000 + 20,000 + 30,000 miles/year) / 3 vehicles = 20,000 miles/vehicle/year
Usage Rate: This field will only appear if "NonRoad" is selected as the Type. The Usage Rate
is the average number of hours of use per vehicle per year. It is calculated by averaging the
number of hours of use per year of all vehicles in a group. Alternatively, Usage Rate can be
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calculated by dividing the total hours of use by all vehicles in a group in one year by the number
of vehicles in the group. An example of this calculation is provided below:
Example:
Vehicle Hours of Use/Year
1 500
2 1,000
3 1,200
Usage Rate = (500 + 1,000 + 1,200 hours/year) / 3 vehicles = 900 hours/vehicle/year
The Quantifier will automatically populate this field for Locomotive Passenger,
Locomotive, Switch, and Locomotive Line Haul vehicles. The user can change these default
values.
Idling Hours (including hours saved): The Idling Hours field only appears for On Highway
vehicles. This is the average number of hours spent idling per vehicle per year including any
hours diverted (saved) using an idling control strategy. The Quantifier calculates On Highway
emissions based on two modes: drive and idle. In order to show proper savings, the user must
input information based on the true number of hours diverted (saved) using the control strategy.
Idling hours can be calculated by averaging the idling hours of each vehicle in a group, or by
adding the idling hours of all vehicles in a group, and dividing this sum by the number of
vehicles. This is to include hours that have been diverted through idling control measures.
2.3.2.1 Enter New Marine Vessel
Quantity: For marine vessels, only one vessel may be modeled at a time. This value is set to
one.
Number of Engines: Enter the number of engines on the vessel (up to five), both propulsion
and auxiliary engines.
Unique Engine Type 1: All fields under this and subsequent types are related to the specific
engine.
Type: Select propulsion or auxiliary.
Quantity (Engines): Enter the number of engines unique to the characteristic defined in the
following fields.
Displacement per cylinder: Select the range of displacement per cylinder per engine.
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2.3.3 Apply a Technology to New Vehicle Group
In the Apply a Technology to New Vehicle Group section of the Fleet Information
screen, the user enters information on the emission control technologies that are to be applied to
the vehicle group. The user will have the option to add a new technology after saving the
Vehicle Group. The following fields appear in the order listed below, and must be completed or
selected from drop-down lists. All of the drop-down list options are provided in Appendix A.
Technology Type: The Technology Type is an emissions control category. The Technology
Type is selected from the drop-down list.
Technology: Technology is a specific emissions control method that is selected from the drop-
down list. When multiple technologies are applied to a single vehicle, the following rules and
restrictions apply:
• Engine Replacement/Repower — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Hybrids — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Emission Control Devices - only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Engine and Truck Upgrades — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Trailer Strategies — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Aerodynamic Devices — multiple selections may be applied to a vehicle.
• Tire Technology — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Weight Reduction — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Fuel Options — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Advanced Lubricant Technology Strategies — only one technology may be applied to a
vehicle.
• Speed Management Policies — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle.
• Idling Control Strategies — multiple selections may be applied to a vehicle. Note that
the idling hours reduced for all selections must not exceed the total idling hours which
were inputted under the vehicle group section.
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The following technology combinations are not allowed:
If This Is Selected...
Then This Is NOT an Option
Diesel Paniculate Filter or any of the following combinations
with a filter:
• Lean NOX Catalyst + Diesel Paniculate Filter
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation + Diesel Paniculate
Filter
• Diesel Paniculate Filter + ULSD
• Hybrid Electric Replacement with Diesel
Paniculate Filter
Any Fuel Option.
Any of the following Diesel Oxidation Catalyst combinations
with fuel:
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B10
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B20
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B100
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + ULSD
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + emulsion
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase
Ventilation + BIO
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase
Ventilation + B20
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase
Ventilation+ B100
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase
Ventilation + ULSD
• Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase
Ventilation + emulsion
Any Fuel Option.
New Model Year: This field will only appear if the Engine Replacement/Repower technology
type is selected. This New Model Year is the model year of the new or retrofitted engine.
Idling Hours Reduced: If Idling Control Strategies are selected as the Technology Type, the
Idling Hours Reduced field appears. The user should enter the number of idling hours reduced
by implementing the selected Technology. The number of idling hours reduced cannot exceed
the number of idling hours entered for the vehicle group.
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Apply Technology To: Enter the number of vehicles to which this technology applies. This
number can be all or a portion of the Quantity entered previously for the entire vehicle group.
As the user adds technologies, this section will expand to list out each group of vehicles to which
technologies have been applied. For example, if Technology 1 is applied to 20 out of 100
vehicles, the following two lines will appear:
• Apply to vehicles (out of 20) that currently have Technology 1; and
• Apply to vehicles (out of 80) that do not currently have a Technology.
Pollutants Table: Once the Technology Type and Technology are selected, the percent
emissions reductions for NOX, PM, HC, CO, and CO2 will automatically populate the Pollutants
table. The percent reductions are average values specific to the selected technology. Note that
for Idling Control Strategies, the percent reductions are based on the engine being used in idling
mode only. If the user knows the exact percent reductions for the specific technology they have
selected, then they can manually change the values that appear in the table. The maximum
percentage a user can enter is 100%. It is recommended that users only make changes if they
have more accurate values from the manufacturer. The following disclaimer appears below the
"Installation Cost" field and applies to the pollutants table:
"Note that the percent reduction associated with a particular retrofit technology or cleaner
fuel may vary by manufacturer and application and may change as more information
becomes available. Please refer to EPA's verified technology web page for the latest
detailed information on verified emission reductions from retrofit technologies. Some of
the technologies listed here are not yet verified by EPA or the California Air Resources
Board (CARB). Emissions reductions calculated by this model based on user-entered
percent reductions not based on EPA or CARB's verified technology list should not be
used for any official purposes or to meet any reporting requirements. Emission
reductions calculated by this model based on user-entered percent reductions not based
on EPA or CARB's verified technology list should not be used for any official purposes
or to meet any reporting requirements."
EPA's verified technology web page is http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/verif-list.htm.
Unit Cost: The cost to purchase an emission control technology for one vehicle. The user must
enter a non-negative numeric value. The Quantifier uses this value to calculate Capital Cost
Effectiveness.
Installation Cost: The cost to install the selected emission control technology on one vehicle.
The user must enter a non-negative numeric value. The Quantifier uses this value to calculate
Capital Cost Effectiveness.
2.3.3.1 Apply a Technology to a Marine Vessel
Once a technology type and technology have been selected, the user must apply the
technology to the Engine Type. The technology may be applied to one or more engine types.
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2.3.4 Save a New Vehicle Group and Technology
Once all the required vehicle group fields are complete, the user can save the information
by clicking the "Save" button, or the "Add a New Vehicle Group" option to add additional
vehicle groups. If the user would like to clear the data entered on the screen without saving it,
the "Go Back to Start" hyperlink at the top of the screen must be clicked. From the Start Screen,
the user can click "Continue" to return to the Fleet Information screen.
To save control technology information, the user must click the "Save Technology"
button. Once at least one vehicle group is saved, the user can edit the group, add technologies,
add additional vehicle groups, or proceed to the Results page.
2.3.5 Edit Data
The user can edit or delete any group, and delete any technology by clicking the "Edit" or
"Delete" buttons.
2.3.5.1 Edit Vehicle Group Information
Once a vehicle group is saved, if the Vehicle Group Information is not immediately
editable the user can edit vehicle group information by clicking on the Edit Group button. All
Vehicle Group Information fields are editable.
To add an additional vehicle group, the user must click the "Add New Vehicle Group"
header bar.
2.3.5.2 Edit Technology Information
To apply additional technologies to a vehicle group, the user must enter technology
information and click the "Save Technology" Button. To edit a saved technology, the user must
click the "Delete" button that corresponds to the technology and re-enter the data.
2.3.6 Calculate Results
Once the user has finished entering data for an entire fleet, the user can click the
"Quantify Emissions" button at the bottom of the screen to calculate results.
2.3.6.1 Emissions Results Screen: Summary Results Tab
When the user clicks on the "Quantify Emissions" button on the Fleet Information screen,
the user will be taken to the Results screen. The formulas used to generate the results are
provided in Appendix B.
The data that appear in the Results table are an aggregation of the emissions from all
vehicle groups and technologies that the user entered. The Results table has the following
format:
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Table 1:
Annual, Daily, and Lifetime Emission Results
Annual
Baseline of Entire Fleet
Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted
Percent Reduced (%)
Amount Reduced Per Year
Daily
Lifetime
Baseline of Entire Fleet
Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted
Percent Reduced (%)
Amount Reduced
Amount Emitted after Retrofit, Entire
Fleet
Amount Emitted after Retrofit,
Retrofitted Vehicles
Capital Cost Effectiveness ($/ton),
Retrofitted Vehicles
Total Cost Effectiveness ($/ton),
Retrofitted Vehicles
NOX
(tons/
year)
NOX
(kg/
day)
NOX
(tons)
PM
(tons/
year)
PM
(kg/
day)
PM
(tons)
HC
(tons/
year)
HC
(kg/
day)
HC
(tons)
CO
(tons/
year)
CO
(kg/
day)
CO
(tons)
CO2
(tons/
year)
CO2
(kg/
day)
CO2
(tons)
Diesel
Equivalent
(gallons/year)
Fuel (g/day)
Diesel
Equivalent
(gallons/year)
2.3.6.1.1 Annual and Daily Results
The Annual and Daily sections of the Results table display annual baseline emissions
information, and the emissions reduced daily and annually by applying the user-selected control
technologies. The Baseline of Entire Fleet row displays annual emissions of NOX, PM, HC, CO,
and CC>2 without any emissions controls. The Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted shows the
uncontrolled emissions of each of the five pollutants from only the vehicles that will be
retrofitted with a control technology. For example, if there are 100 vehicles in a fleet, and 50
vehicles are going to be retrofitted with emissions controls, then the Baseline of Entire Fleet will
show the uncontrolled emissions from 100 vehicles, while the Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted
will show the uncontrolled emissions from 50 vehicles. Both quantities are shown in units of
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tons/year. Percent Reduced values are the emission reduction percentages obtained after control
technologies are applied to a fleet. Amount Reduced per Year values are the tons of pollutants
reduced per year by applying controls. These values converted to kilograms per day are
displayed in the Daily section of the table. The Diesel Equivalent of CO2 emissions, in gallons
per year, is displayed in the last column.
2.3.6.1.2 Lifetime Results
The Lifetime Emissions section of the Results table displays the emissions that are
estimated to occur over the remaining lifetime of all vehicle groups in a fleet. The Baseline of
Entire Fleet, Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted, Percent Reduced, and Amount Reduced values are
analogous to the values in the Annual and Daily results. The calculations used to derive these
values are provided in Appendix B. Amount Emitted after Retrofit, Entire Fleet values are the
lifetime emissions, in tons, of the entire fleet after the user-selected control technologies are
applied. Amount Emitted after Retrofit, Retrofitted Vehicles values are the lifetime emissions, in
tons, of only the retrofitted vehicles after the user-selected control technologies are applied. The
Diesel Equivalent of CC>2 emissions, in gallons, is displayed in the last column.
Capital Cost Effectiveness is calculated by dividing the total unit and installation costs of
all retrofits in the fleet by the Amount Reduced. These values are only calculated if the user
enters unit and installation costs on the Fleet Information screen. Any technologies that increase
emissions are excluded from the Capital Cost Effectiveness calculation. Total Cost
Effectiveness is calculated by dividing the total cost of the retrofit project (capital costs,
administrative costs, etc.) by the Amount Reduced. In this calculation, any emission increases
from control technologies are not included in the Amount Reduced. Total Cost Effectiveness is
only calculated if the user enters funding information on the Fleet Information screen. See
Appendix B for details on how these calculations are performed. Total Cost Effectiveness
results are displayed in the Emissions Results table, and not in the Detailed Results table.
The following note appears below the Lifetime emissions results:
"The lifetime results are dependent on each vehicle group's remaining life. To determine
the remaining life for each vehicle group, divide the lifetime results by the annual results
using the Detailed Results tables below."
The funding data are displayed in a table below the Lifetime Emissions table.
2.3.6.1.3 Preview/Download Data: Detailed Results and Download Data Tabs
Before downloading data, the user can preview the data in the Detailed Results section,
which appears as the second tab on the Results screen. This tab takes the user to the Detailed
Results. These tables present results for each subgroup of vehicles that share the same control
technologies. The first Detailed Results table presents annual data, and the second table presents
lifetime data.
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The following two download options appear on the Download Data:
View/Download Detailed Report: To download all the data entered in addition to the
calculated data from the Results tables, the user must select the format by clicking either "as
Microsoft Excel file" or "as CSV (comma separated values) file." The downloaded data file can
be submitted to the EPA. This option is not available for Marine Vessels.
View/Download Summary Report: This option appears if the user selected "Preparing data for
the EPA?" from the Select Scenario option on the Start screen. The user has the option to
download the data in either Excel or CSV format. CSV files can be opened by many desktop
spreadsheet and database applications.
This option allows the user to download a data file that is a condensed version of the
Annual, Daily and Lifetime Results tables. This condensed data file may be selected by users
applying for EPA grant funds as part of a grant application. This file contains the relevant
information that EPA needs to review a grant application. If the user has already received grant
funds, this file can be used to report required data to the EPA.
When the user clicks on "as Microsoft Excel file" or "as CSV (comma separated values)
file," a dialog box will appear on the screen that lets the user open the file or save it to disk.
2.3.6.1.4 Benefits Module Tab
When the user clicks on the Health Benefits Tab on the Emission Results page, the user
will be taken to the Benefits Module entry screen.
2.3.6.1.4.1 Entry Screen
The Entry Screen of the Benefits Module allows the user to enter up to five counties that
will be affected by the emission reductions resulting from the retrofit technologies. The user also
enters the percent reduction that is experienced in each county. The percent reductions must
total to 100%. Once the user has properly defined the States, Counties, and Percent Reductions,
they may click the "Calculate Health Benefits" button to take them to the results screen.
2.3.6.1.4.2 Results Screen
The Results Screen of the Benefits Module displays the Annual Diesel PM Reduction
(tons) and the Annual Benefits ($) on a per county and total basis. The total Annualized Cost of
the retrofit project is also displayed. Counties will appear with one asterisk if the benefits for
that county are likely underestimated and two asterisks if the benefits are likely overestimated.
Additionally, explanatory text will appear below the results table.
2.3.6.1.4.3 View/Download Benefits Module Results
To download the Results tables, the user must select the format by clicking either "as
Microsoft Excel file" or "as CSV (comma separated values) file" at the bottom of the Results
Screen. The user will then have the option to either view or download the results.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 13
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
3. Quick Start Tab
This tab will provide the user with basic information that they will need before using the
Quantifier (e.g., Necessary Inputs).
4. References Tab
On this tab the user can find links to References that users of the Quantifier might need.
Page 14 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Appendix A:
Drop-down List Options
Table A-l:
Vehicle Types and Associated Target Fleets
Vehicle Type
On Highway
NonRoad
Target Fleet
School Buses
Transit Buses
Refuse Hauler
Short Haul
Long Haul
Delivery Truck
Emergency Vehicle
City/County Vehicle
Agriculture
Port and Airports
Rail
Construction
Stationary
Table A-2:
Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment
Target Fleet
Refuse Hauler, Short Haul, Long Haul, Delivery
Truck, Emergency Vehicle, City/County Vehicle
School Buses
Transit Buses
Class/Equipment
Class 5 (16,001 - 19,500 Ibs.)
Class 6 (19,501 - 26,000 Ibs.)
Class 7 (26,001 - 33,000 Ibs.)
Class 8a (33,001 - 60,000 Ibs.)
Class 8b (60,001 and over)
School Buses
Transit Buses
(cont.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page A-l
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Table A-2:
Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.)
Target Fleet
Agriculture
Construction
Class/Equipment
2-Wheel Tractors
Agricultural Mowers
Agricultural Tractors
Balers
Combines
Irrigation Sets
Logging Equip. Fell/Bunch/Skidders
Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6
Logging Equipment Shredders > 6
Off-Highway Tractors
Off-Highway Trucks
Other Agricultural Equipment
Sprayers
Swathers
Tillers > 6 HP
Bore/Drill Rigs
Cement & Mortar Mixers
Concrete/Industrial Saws
Cranes
Crawler Tractors
Crushing/Proc. Equipment
Dumpers/Tenders
Excavators
Forklifts
Graders
Light Commercial Air Compressors
Light Commercial Gas Compressors
(cont.)
Page A-2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table A-2:
Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.)
Target Fleets
Construction (cont.)
Port and Airports
Class/Equipment
Light Commercial Generator Sets
Light Commercial Pressure Washer
Light Commercial Pumps
Light Commercial Welders
Off-Highway Tractors
Off-Highway Trucks
Other Construction Equipment
Pavers
Paving Equipment
Plate Compactors
Rollers
Rough Terrain Forklifts
Rubber Tire Dozers
Rubber Tire Loaders
Scrapers
Signal Boards
Skid Steer Loaders
Surfacing Equipment
Sweepers/Scrubbers
Tampers/Rammers (unused)
Tillers > 6 HP
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
Trenchers
AC Refrigeration
Aerial Lifts
Airport Support Equipment
Cranes
Forklifts
(cont.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page A-3
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table A-2:
Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.)
Target Fleet
Port and Airports (cont.)
Rail
Class/Equipment
Light Commercial Air Compressors
Light Commercial Gas Compressors
Light Commercial Generator Sets
Light Commercial Pressure Washer
Light Commercial Pumps
Light Commercial Welders
Off-Highway Tractors
Off-Highway Trucks
Other Construction Equipment
Other General Industrial Equipment
Other Material Handling Equipment
Signal Boards
Skid Steer Loaders
Terminal Tractors
Aerial Lifts
Cranes
Forklifts
Light Commercial Air Compressors
Light Commercial Generator Sets
Light Commercial Pressure Washer
Line Haul Locomotive
Off-Highway Tractors
Off-Highway Trucks
Other General Industrial Equipment
Other Material Handling Equipment
Passenger Locomotive
Switch Locomotive
Terminal Tractors
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
(cont.)
Page A-4
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table A-2:
Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.)
Target Fleet
Stationary
Marine
Class/Equipment
Air Compressor
Gas Compressor
Irrigation
Power Generation
Pump
Welding
Container
Ferry /Excursion
Tug Boat/Tow Boat
Commercial Fishing
Commercial Charter Fishing
Crew and Supply
Pilot
Work Boat
Other
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page A-5
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Table A-3:
Horsepower Options
Horsepower
10
11
16
20
25
30
40
45
49
50
60
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
175
180
190
(cont.)
Page A-6
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Table A-3:
Horsepower Options (cont.)
Horsepower
200
220
240
250
300
320
350
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
700
750
800
900
950
1000
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2250
(cont.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page A-7
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Table A-3:
Horsepower Options (cont.)
Horsepower
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
4000
4250
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
Table A-4:
Displacement Options
Displacement
size < 0.9
0.9 < =
1.2 < =
2.5 < =
3.5 < =
5.0 < =
15.0 < =
20.0 < =
25.0 < =
size< 1.2
size < 2.5
size < 3.5
size < 5.0
size < 15.0
size < 20.0
size < 25.0
size < 30.0
Page A-8
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Table A-5:
Fuel Types
Fuel Type
LPG
LNG
CNG (Ibs)
CNG (ft3)
Biodiesel 100
Biodiesel 20
Biodiesel 5
Biodiesel 2
E85
Regular Diesel, 3,400 ppm
High Sulfur Non-Road Locomotive
and Marine Diesel Fuel, 3,400 ppm
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), 15
ppm
Emulsion
Regular Diesel (LSD), 500 ppm
Regular Diesel/Marine Diesel Fuel
(LSD), 500 ppm
Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD), 500 ppm
Regular Diesel (ULSD), 15 ppm
CO2 Factor
0.65
0.61
0.16
0.0074
0.92
0.985108
0.996277
0.998511
0.626126
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Rules
Always available.
Always available.
Always available.
Always available.
Always available.
Always available.
Always available.
Not available to any vehicles or as a reduction
technology.
Always available.
Not available for On Highway, available for NonRoad
for retrofit years up to and including 2006.
Available for Marine for model years up to and
including 20 10.
Not available for On Highway, available for NonRoad
and Marine.
Always available.
Not available for On Highway, available for NonRoad
for retrofit years from 2007 - 2009.
Available only for Marine Vessels for retrofit years
from 2007 -20 12.
Available for On Highway and NonRoad for retrofit
years prior to 2007.
Available for On Highway, not available for NonRoad.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page A-9
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table A-6:
Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies
Retrofit Technology Type
Emissions Control Devices
Retrofit Technology
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + BIO
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B20
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B100
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + BIO
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + B20
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + B100
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Emulsion
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation +
Emulsion
Diesel Paniculate Filter
Diesel Paniculate Filter + ULSD (for NonRoad only)
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation
Diesel Paniculate Filter + Closed Crankcase Ventilation
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation +
ULSD (for NonRoad only)
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + ULSD (for NonRoad only)
Hybrid Electric Replacement with Diesel Paniculate Filter
Partial Flow Filter
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Replacement
Lean NOX Catalyst/Diesel Paniculate Filter
Recalibration
Selective Catalytic Reduction
Exhaust Gas Recirculation + Diesel Paniculate Filter
Other
(cont.)
Page A-10
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table A-6:
Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies (cont.)
Retrofit Technology Type
Fuel Options
Hybrid
Weight Reduction
Trailer Strategies
Tire Technology
Advanced Lubricant Technology
Strategies
Engine and Truck Upgrades
Retrofit Technology
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD)
Compressed Natural Gas
Liquid Natural Gas
Biodiesel (B20)
Biodiesel(BlOO)
Emulsion
Hybrid
100 Ibs
500 Ibs
1000 Ibs
5000 Ibs
45 Foot Trailer
48 Foot Trailer
53 Foot Trailer
Double
Rocky Mountain Double
Turnpike Double
Triple
Single Wide Tires
Automatic Tire Inflation
Other Fuel Efficient Tire
Low Friction Engine Lubricant
Low Friction Drive Train Lubricant
Other Advanced Lubricant Technology Strategies
Direct Drive
Single Axle vs. Double
(cont.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page A-11
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table A-6:
Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies (cont.)
Retrofit Technology Type
Speed Management Policy
Aerodynamic Devices
Retrofit Technology
65 mph
64 mph
63 mph
62 mph
61 mph
60 mph
59 mph
58 mph
57 mph
56 mph
55 mph
Aero Profile Tractor
Cab Over Engine Tractor
Integrated Cab Roof Fairing
Cab Roof Fairing
Cab Roof Deflector
Cab Side Fairing
Cab Front Air Dam Front Bumper
Cab Aerodynamic Mirrors
Nose Cone
Trailer Tails
Trailer Gap 44" - 36"
Trailer Gap 35" or less
Trailer Side Skirts
Flatbed Trailer Tarps
(cont.)
Page A-12
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table A-6:
Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies (cont.)
Retrofit Technology Type
Engine Replacement/Repower
Idling Control Strategies
Retrofit Technology
Engine Repower
Engine Replacement
Direct Fired Heater
Auxiliary Power Unit
Truck Stop Electrification
Driver Tag Teams
Double Drivers
Engine Shutdown
Other
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page A-13
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Page A-14 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Appendix B:
Quantifier Calculations
1. Overview
This document provides a brief overview of the calculations used in computing the
emissions results produced by the Diesel Emissions Quantifier.
Equations and inputs are presented in two columns. The parentheses following each
entry denote the units of the result of computing the expression on the left. For inputs, brackets
following each entry denote whether the input is taken from the database ("[d]"), user input
("[u]"), a database default or a user input value ("[d/u]"), or embedded into business logic ("[e]").
Textual references (e.g., "total number of vehicles in the fleet") have been replaced by
symbolic equivalents (e.g., WE ) as defined below.
2. Symbols
These symbols take on different meanings depending on their parameters, or if they are
constrained to a particular set of values.
t Vehicle type (one of "NonRoad" (tnr) or "On Highway" (thw )) [d]
p Pollutant type (one of "CO," "CO2," "HC," "PM," "NOX") [d]
ksf Conversion factor from units s to units t [e]
Mn Results calculation n [e]
3. Inputs
Calculations require several inputs, as noted below.
n^ Number of vehicles (veh) [u]
n Number of vehicles retrofitted with a given technology (veh) [u]
nengine Number of a given unique engine type (Marine Vessels Only) [u]
HP Horsepower [u]
VMT Vehicle miles traveled (mi/veh/yr) [u]
ud Default usage rate (hr/veh/yr) [d]
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-l
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
u Actual usage rate (hr/veh/yr) [u]
ufd Default fuel usage rate (Rail only) (gal/veh/yr) [d]
uf Actual fuel usage rate (Rail only) (gal/veh/yr) [d]
/ Total idling hours per year (hr/veh/yr) [u]
IR Idling hours reduced per year (hr/veh/yr). Used only with idling control strategies [u]
m t Emissions for pollutant p of vehicle type t (tons/mi/mo/veh for On Highway,
tons/hr/yr/veh for NonRoad [d]
m11 Idling emissions for pollutant p of vehicle type t (ton/hr/veh | ton/hr/veh) [d]
rp Emissions reduction for pollutant p of a given technology (dimensionless) [d/u]
s Scrappage rate sum for a given vehicle's age and retrofit year. A table of
scrappage rate sums is provided in Table C-l of Appendix C [d]
/ Total fuel usage (gallons) [u]
/ Fuel usage during idling (gallons) [u]
Cu Unit cost for a particular emissions technology ($) [d]
Ci Installation cost for a particular emissions technology ($) [d]
CT Total project funding ($) [u]
4. Conversion Factors and Constants
Numeric literals have been replaced by their appropriate conversion factor or constant
below.
kmo r = 12 Months in a year (months/year)
kkg,ton = 907-18474 Kilograms in a ton (kg/ton)
k^d = 1/365 « 2.7397X10"3 Years in a day (years/day)
kp ton Diesel-equivalent fuel emissions of pollutant p
(gallons/ton) [d]
Page B-2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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CO 2 fiie I factor
Ut
= 4.2990141
m1' N0x,tlm =1.58732829x10"
m ir ~ t = 0
mco,tlm = 0
5. Results Calculations
The following factors are used to convert non-diesel fuels
into diesel equivalent gallons:
• LPG: 0.65;
• LNG: 0.61;
• CNG(lbs): 0.16;
• CNG(ft3): 0.0074;
• Biodiesel 100: 0.92;
• Biodiesel 20: 0.985108;
• Biodiesel 5: 0.996277;
• Biodiesel 2: 0.998511; and
• E85: 0.626126.
Idling fuel usage factor (gallons/hour) [d]
On Highway idling emissions factor for PM (g/hr/yr/veh)
On Highway idling emissions factor for NOX
(g/hr/yr/veh)
On Highway idling emissions factor for HC (g/hr/yr/veh)
On Highway idling emissions factor for CO (g/hr/yr/veh)
5.1 Daily/Annual Emissions Results Calculations
• M1thw - On Highway fleet baseline emissions (tons/year):
-- Non-CO2:
— Total CO2 (running + idling) baseline emissions:
MUfcf =f-CO2 fuel factor • 0.01 1 1
— CO2 from idling if user enters non-zero idling hours (I):
The following equation results in gallons per year. This quantity can be used to
determine idling emissions as follows:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page B-3
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
= Idling Fuel Usage Factor • I • n^
Ufcf = / • CO2 fuel factor • 0.01 1 1
- NonRoad fleet baseline emissions (tons/year):
Non-CO2 (non-Rail):
- Non-CO2(Rail):
—
Ufd
Non-CC>2 (Rail - Line-Haul, Passenger and Switch Locomotives):
I ton
itm = nz • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • Activity Hours •
907184.74 g
Locomotive Emission Factors are pulled from the database, and default Activity
Hours are listed in Table D-l. The year in use used to look up the Activity Hours
is determined by the following: (calendar year - model year) + 1. The Quantifier
automatically enters this value into the Usage Rate field, but the user can change
it.
— Non-CC>2 (Marine Vessels):
I ton
Mum = n ims • Marine Emission Factor • HP • Load Factor • Activity Hours •
907184.74
Marine Emission Factors and Load Factors are pulled from the database. The
Activity Hours are input by the user and cannot exceed the number of hours in a
year (8760).
-- C02:
Mlt =/• CO2 fuel factor -0.0111
Page B-4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
* M2thw - On Highway retrofitted baseline emissions (tons/year):
-- Non-CO2:
- C02:
M2tim = (n I n^ ) • / • CO2 fuel factor -0.0111
M2tnr - NonRoad retrofitted baseline emissions (tons/year):
-- Non-CO2 (non-Rail):
ud
- Non-CO2(Rail):
Non-CO2 (Rail - Line-Haul, Passenger and Switch Locomotives):
I ton
= n • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • Activity Hours •
907184.74 g
Locomotive Emission Factors are pulled from the database, and default Activity
Hours are in Table D-l.
— Non-CO2 (Marine Vessels):
M2tnr =Mltnr
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-5
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
-- CO2:
M2tfr = (w/Hz) • / • C02 fuel factor • 0.01 1 1
— CC>2 (Marine Vessels):
A/ 2 tor =Mltnr
• Md3 - Emissions percent reduction (dimensionless):
Md3 = rp
* Md3thw , Md3tnr -Emissions reduction, tons per year (tons/year):
— For NonRoad, and On Highway:
If more than one technology is applied to a set of vehicles, each technology after
the first is applied to a reduced retrofitted baseline. That is, the first technology
reduces the original retrofitted baseline, the second technology is applied to the
reduced retrofitted baseline that remains after the first technology is applied, the
third technology is applied to the retrofitted baseline that remains after two
technologies are applied, etc.
— For Non-CC>2 emissions of On Highway vehicles using idling control strategies,
the idling reduction is the lesser of:
1. The total emissions of retrofit vehicles; and
2- Md3t =m1 p,t-IR-nr
a^idk -" P
M,,. =M,,. H M9.
d3t d3toper 2^,4,
— For CO2 emissions of On Highway vehicles using idling control strategies, the
emission reduction is:
Md3tag =Ut-n-IR- CO2 Fuel Factor • 0.01 1 1 • rp
• Md4t - On Highway/NonRoad emissions reduction, kilograms per day (kg/day):
• Diesel Equivalent, gallons per year:
Diesel Equivalent = CO2 tons/0.0111
Page B-6 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
• Diesel Equivalent, gallons per day:
Diesel Equivalent = Diesel Equivalent (gal/year) * kyr:(j
5.2 Lifetime Emissions Results Calculations
• Mist - Lifetime fleet baseline emissions (tons):
-- On Highway: M13t^=Mlt^-s
— NonRoad:
Median Life (M) is pulled from the database. A table of Median Life values is
provided in Table C-2 in Appendix C.
Iteration Limit (L): the lesser of (2 x M) and 30
Age from New (Y): (Calendar Year - Model Year) + 1
Age Ratio (A) = Y/M
The value for A is used to determine the Cumulative Percent Scrapped (CPS) for
a given year. The Cumulative Percent Scrapped is determined using the values in
Table C-3 in Appendix C and linear interpolation.
Survival Rate (for a given year) = 1 - CPS
Number of iterations of Age Ratio required to calculate total Survival Rate =
(L-Y)+1.
For each iteration, Y = Y + 1 and the Age Ratio is calculated until Y = L. For
each Age Ratio, the Survival Rate is calculated. The Survival Rates from all of
these iterations are then summed.
M,,. = Survival Rate Sum -M..
I3lnr nm
— Non-CC>2 for Rail (Line-Haul and Passenger Locomotive)
40th Year
Mnt = ny • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • "Y Activity Hours
40th Year \tOn
907184.74
The retrofit year is determined by: (Calendar Year - Model Year) + 1
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-7
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If the user changes the activity hours, and the user-defined value is smaller than
the default value of the retrofit year, the user-defined value is used in the sum for
each year until the user-defined value exceeds the default value.
— Non-CC>2 for Rail (Switch Locomotive)
70th Year \tOH
Mnt = nr • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • V Activity Hours
907184.74
The retrofit year is determined by: (Calendar Year - Model Year) + 1
If the user changes the activity hours, and the user-defined value is smaller than
the default value of the retrofit year, the user-defined value is used in the sum for
each year until the user-defined value exceeds the default value.
— CC>2 for Rail (Line-Haul, Passenger, Switch Locomotive)
Mn. = Survival Rate Sum -M..
'3'nr "nr
- Lifetime retrofitted baseline emissions (tons):
On Highway: Ml4t =M2t -s
NonRoad: Ml4t =M2t • Survival Rate Sum
Non-CC>2 for Rail (Line-Haul or Passenger Locomotive):
40th Year
t ear i
M,,t = n • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • "Y Activity Hours
907184.74 g
-- Non-CC>2 for Rail (Switch Locomotive):
Ml4t = n • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • Y Activity Hours •
TOtHTear j ^
907184.74 £
— CO2 for Rail (Line-Haul, Passenger, Switch Locomotive)
M,,t = M7t • Survival Rate Sum
l^Lnr LLnr
• MB - Lifetime emissions percent reduction (percent):
MIS = rp
• Mist - Lifetime emissions reduction (tons):
Ml5t=MlAt-rp
Page B-8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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- Post-retrofit lifetime emissions for fleet (tons):
- Post-retrofit lifetime emissions for retrofitted vehicles (tons):
- Capital cost effectiveness for retrofitted vehicles ($/ton):
M _
~
The summed quantity is calculated for each technology that is applied to a vehicle
subgroup. Any technologies that increase emissions should be excluded from these
calculations (i.e., the number of vehicles retrofitted, installation cost, unit cost, and
emissions increases should not be included in the sum).
- Total cost effectiveness for retrofitted vehicles ($/ton):
If any technology causes an increase in emissions, that emissions increase is excluded
from the Lifetime Emissions Reduction amount (Mist).
• Diesel Equivalent, gallons:
Diesel Equivalent = CO 2 tons/0.0111
6. Special Cases
When certain types of emissions reductions technologies are selected, the results
calculations change, depending on the technology selected.
6.1 Vehicle and Engine Replacement/Repower Strategies
In these strategies, an aging vehicle's engine is replaced with a new one of a different
model year. If selected, the user supplies the new engine's model year;; as an additional input
parameter for the technology. The default percent reduction rp for a particular pollutant/? is then
computed by comparing the old vehicle's emissions mp:t against the new vehicle's emissions,
n?p:t rather than pulled from the database.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-9
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
The computed percent reduction becomes:
m — m
/ _ mp,t mp,t
~
and this value should be used in place of r for all calculations in Section V.
6.2 Trailer Strategies
When trailer strategies are selected as a control technology, only the calculation of the
CC>2 baseline of retrofitted vehicles is affected. M2t is calculated as follows:
M2t = (H/WZ) • / • CO2 fuel factor • 0.0111 p—
l_rp
6.3 Aerodynamic Devices
Aerodynamic devices reduce fuel consumption during operation, so the percent reduction
should only be applied to running emissions. The equation for CC>2 emissions reduced when
aerodynamic devices are employed is as follows:
Md3t = V (/-/•)• C°2 fuel factor -0.0111
7. Benefits Module
The Benefits Module will perform health benefits calculations using the following
methodology:
• On Highway Tons reduced per county:
On Highway Tons reduced county = (E Tons reduced 0nHighway^ i ) • % Allocated county
• NonRoad Tons reduced per county:
NonRoad Tons reduced county = (E Tons reducedNonRoadil ) • % Allocated county
• Total Tons reduced per county:
Total Tons reduced counfy = On Highway Tons reduced counttf -\ NonRoad Tons reduced countt
Page B-10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
• Total Tons Reduced:
Total Tons reducedtotal = E Total Tons reducedc
• On Highway Benefit per county:
On Highway Benefitcounty = On Highway Tons reducedcounty • Benefit per Ton On Highway count)
• NonRoad B enefit per county:
NonRoad Benefitcounty = NonRoad Tons reducedcounty • Benefit per Ton NonRoadcounty
• Annual Benefit per county:
Annual Benefit counfy = NonRoad Benefitcounty -\ On Highway Benefitcomty
• Annual Benefit:
Annual Benefittotal = E Annual Benefitcounty
• Annualized Cost per scenario:
, „, (Capital Cost -0.03)
Annual Cost = — —
scenario ,~ /'I _l_ ft f}ry\~num"er °f years remaining \
• Total Annual Cost:
Total Annual Cost = E Annual Cost „„„„„.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-l 1
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
[This page intentionally left blank.]
Page B-12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Appendix C:
Scrappage Rate Tables
Table C-l:
On Highway Scrappage Table:
Scrappage Table Survival Fraction (Based on 1980 Vehicles)
• Discount rate: 3%
• Scrappage rates are adjusted based on the year of retrofit.
Vehicle
Age
From
New
(Years)
Age at Retrofit
New
10 11 12
13
14 15 16 17
18
19 20 21 22
23
24 25 26
27
28
Survival %
-------
Table C-l:
On Highway Scrappage Table:
Scrappage Table Survival Fraction (Based on 1980 Vehicles) (cont.)
Vehicle
Age
From
New
(Years)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
SUM
Age at Retrofit
New
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Survival %
47.9%
44.2%
40.6%
37.1%
33.7%
30.6%
27.6%
24.8%
22.2%
19.8%
17.6%
15.5%
1826%
47.9%
44.2%
40.6%
37.1%
33.7%
30.6%
27.6%
24.8%
22.2%
19.8%
17.6%
15.5%
1726%
47.9%
44.2%
40.6%
37.1%
33.7%
30.6%
27.6%
24.8%
22.2%
19.8%
17.6%
15.5%
1626%
49.4%
45.7%
42.1%
38.6%
35.2%
32.1%
29.1%
26.3%
23.7%
21.3%
19.1%
17.0%
1566%
51.2%
47.5%
43.9%
40.4%
37.0%
33.9%
30.9%
28.1%
25.5%
23.1%
20.9%
18.8%
1513%
53.4%
49.7%
46.1%
42.6%
39.2%
36.1%
33.1%
30.3%
27.7%
25.3%
23.1%
21.0%
1468%
55.9%
52.2%
48.6%
45.1%
41.7%
38.6%
35.6%
32.8%
30.2%
27.8%
25.6%
23.5%
1428%
58.8%
55.1%
51.5%
48.0%
44.6%
41.5%
38.5%
35.7%
33.1%
30.7%
28.5%
26.4%
1395%
61.9%
58.2%
54.6%
51.1%
47.7%
44.6%
41.6%
38.8%
36.2%
33.8%
31.6%
29.5%
1363%
65.2%
61.5%
57.9%
54.4%
51.0%
47.9%
44.9%
42.1%
39.5%
37.1%
34.9%
32.8%
68.8%
65.1%
61.5%
58.0%
54.6%
51.5%
48.5%
45.7/o
43. 1%
40.7%
38.5%
36.4%
72.5%
68.8%
65.2%
61.7%
58.3%
55.2%
52.2%
49.4/o
46.8%
44.4%
42.2%
40.1%
76.3%
72.6%
69.0%
65.5%
62. 1%
59.0%
56.0%
53.2/o
50.6%
48.2%
46.0%
43.9%
80.2%
76.5%
72.9%
69.4%
66.0%
62.9%
59.9%
57.1%
54.5%
52.1%
49.9%
47.8%
84.2%
80.5%
76.9%
73.4%
70.0%
66.9%
63.9%
61.1%
58.5%
56.1%
53.9%
51.8%
88.2%
84.5%
80.9%
77.4%
74.0%
70.9%
67.9%
65.1%
62.5%
60.1%
57.9%
55.8%
92.2%
88.5%
84.9%
81.4%
78.0%
74.9%
71.9%
69.1%
66.5%
64.1%
61.9%
59.8%
1089%
96.1%
92.4%
88.8%
85.3%
81.9%
78.8%
75.8%
73.0%
70.4%
68.0%
65.8%
63.7%
1040%
100.0%
96.3%
92.7%
89.2%
85.8%
82.7%
79.7%
76.9%
74.3%
71.9%
69.7%
67.6%
987%
0
100.0%
96.4%
92.9%
89.5%
86.4%
83.4%
80.6%
78.0%
75.6%
73.4%
71.3%
928%
0
0
100.0%
96.5%
93.1%
90.0%
87.0%
84.2%
81.6%
79.2%
77.0%
74.9%
864%
0
0
0
100.0%
96.6%
93.5%
90.5%
87.7%
85.1%
82.7%
80.5%
78.4%
795%
0
0
0
0
100.0%
96.9%
93.9%
91.1%
88.5%
86.1%
83.9%
81.8%
0
0
0
0
0
100.0%
97.0%
94.2%
91.6%
89.2%
87.0%
84.9%
644%
0
0
0
0
0
0
100.0%
97.2%
94.6%
92.2%
90.0%
87.9%
562%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100.0%
97.4%
95.0%
92.8%
90.7%
476%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100.0%
97.6%
95.4%
93.3%
386%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100.0%
97.8%
95.7%
294%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100.0%
97.9%
198%
-------
Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table C-2:
NonRoad Median Life Table
Target Fleet*
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c,P
c
c
c
c
c, p, r
c
c, a, p, r
c
c
c
c
c, r
c
c,P
c, a, p, r
c
c,P
Equipment
Pavers
Tampers/Rammers
Plate Compactors
Rollers
Scrapers
Paving Equipment
Surfacing Equipment
Signal Boards
Trenchers
Bore/Drill Rigs
Excavators
Concrete/Industrial Saws
Cement & Mortar Mixers
Cranes
Graders
Off-Highway Trucks
Crushing/Proc. Equipment
Rough Terrain Forklifts
Rubber Tire Loaders
Rubber Tire Dozers
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
Crawler Tractors
Skid Steer Loaders
Off-Highway Tractors
Dumpers/Tenders
Other Construction Equipment
Median Life
HP 0 - 50
5.16
12.64
12.01
5.58
4.64
6.81
7.55
10.87
7.15
12.48
3.88
7.31
21.14
5.87
4.40
2.58
6.09
6.40
5.57
4.71
10.49
4.53
14.55
4.96
21.03
6.99
HP 51 - 300
9.63
23.59
22.42
10.41
8.65
12.72
14.10
20.29
13.34
23.29
7.24
13.64
39.47
10.96
8.22
4.82
11.36
11.95
10.39
8.80
19.58
8.45
27.17
9.25
39.26
13.05
HP 301 -
99999
14.45
35.39
33.63
15.61
12.98
19.07
21.15
30.43
20.01
34.93
10.86
20.46
59.20
16.44
12.33
7.23
17.05
17.92
15.59
13.20
29.37
12.68
40.75
13.88
58.89
19.58
(cont.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page C-3
-------
Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table C-2:
NonRoad Median Life Table (cont.)
Target Fleet*
P,r
c, p, r
c
P, r
P, r
P
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
c,P
c,P
c,p, r
c, p, r
c, p, r
c, p, r
a
a
Equipment
Aerial Lifts
Forklifts
Sweepers/Scrubbers
Other General Industrial Equipment
Other Material Handling Equipment
AC Refrigeration
Terminal Tractors
Two-Wheel Tractors
Agricultural Tractors
Combines
Balers
Agricultural Mowers
Sprayers
Tillers > Six HP
Swathers
Hydro Power Units
Other Agricultural Equipment
Irrigation Sets
Light Commercial Generator Sets
Light Commercial Pumps
Light Commercial Air Compressors
Light Commercial Gas Compressors
Light Commercial Welders
Light Commercial Pressure Washer
Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6
Logging Equipment Shredders > 6
Median Life
HP 0 - 50
31.00
2.49
4.77
6.62
28.28
4.34
3.37
7.79
8.92
28.25
44.60
11.67
47.08
24.64
38.52
7.36
11.12
7.76
17.20
14.43
7.13
0.68
18.51
40.10
60.53
35.31
HP 51 - 300
57.87
4.65
8.90
12.36
52.79
8.09
6.29
14.54
16.65
52.73
83.26
21.79
87.89
45.99
71.91
13.74
20.76
14.49
32.11
26.93
13.32
1.28
34.56
74.85
113.00
65.92
HP 301 -
99999
86.81
6.98
13.34
18.54
79.18
12.14
9.44
21.81
24.98
79.10
124.89
32.68
131.83
68.98
107.86
20.61
31.14
21.73
48.16
40.39
19.97
1.92
51.84
112.27
169.49
98.87
(cont.)
Page C-4
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table C-2:
NonRoad Median Life Table (cont.)
Target Fleet*
a
P
m
r
r
r
Equipment
Logging Equip Fell/Bunch/Skidders
Airport Support Equipment
Other Underground Mining Equipment
Switch
Passenger
Line-Haul
Median Life
HP 0 - 50
3.32
5.79
7.77
26.51
10.17
10.17
HP 51 - 300
6.20
10.81
14.50
49.49
18.98
18.98
HP 301 -
99999
9.30
16.21
21.74
74.23
28.46
28.46
: c = construction; a = agriculture; p = port-related; r = rail.
Table C-3:
NonRoad Default Scrappage Curve
Age Ratio
0.0000
0.0588
0.1694
0.2710
0.3639
0.4486
0.5254
0.5948
0.6570
0.7125
0.7617
0.8049
0.8425
0.8750
0.9027
0.9259
0.9451
Cumulative Percent Scrapped
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
(cont.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page C-5
-------
Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table C-3:
NonRoad Default Scrappage Curve (cont.)
Age Ratio
0.9607
0.9730
0.9824
0.9894
0.9942
0.9973
0.9990
1.0000
1.0010
1.0027
1.0058
1.0106
1.0176
1.0270
1.0393
1.0549
1.0741
1.0973
1.1250
1.1575
1.1951
1.2383
1.2875
1.3430
1.4052
1.4746
1.5514
1.6361
1.7290
1.8306
1.9412
2.0000
Cumulative Percent Scrapped
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.43
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.57
0.59
0.61
0.63
0.65
0.67
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.95
0.97
0.99
1.00
Page C-6
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Appendix D:
Locomotive Default Usage
Table D-l:
Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul,
Passenger, and Switch Locomotive
Year in Usage
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Line-Haul or Passenger
4350
4350
4350
4350
4350
4350
4350
4350
4268
4187
4105
4024
3942
3861
3779
3698
3616
3534
3453
3371
3290
3208
3127
3045
2963
Switch
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
(cont.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page D-l
-------
Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table D-l:
Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul,
Passenger, and Switch Locomotive (cont.)
Year in Usage
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Line-Haul or Passenger
2882
2800
2719
2637
2556
2474
2393
2311
2229
2148
2066
1985
1903
1822
1740
Switch
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4450
4383
4317
4250
4183
(cont.)
Page D-2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
-------
Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
Table D-l:
Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul,
Passenger, and Switch Locomotive (cont.)
Year in Usage
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Line-Haul or Passenger
Switch
4116
4050
3983
3916
3849
3783
3716
3649
3582
3516
3449
3382
3315
3249
3182
3115
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Page D-3
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Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide
[This page intentionally left blank.]
Page D-4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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