Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide &EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Transportation and Regional Programs Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency NOTICE This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. &EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA-420-B-10-033 August 2010 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Screen-Specific Instructions 2 2.1 Overview Tab 2 2.2 My Account Tab 2 2.3 Use the Quantifier Tab 2 2.3.1 Fleet Entry Section 2 2.3.2 Enter New Vehicle Group Information Section 4 2.3.2.1 Enter New Marine Vessel 6 2.3.3 Apply a Technology to New Vehicle Group 7 2.3.3.1 Apply a Technology to a Marine Vessel 9 2.3.4 Save a New Vehicle Group and Technology 10 2.3.5 Edit Data 10 2.3.5.1 Edit Vehicle Group Information 10 2.3.5.2 Edit Technology Information 10 2.3.6 Calculate Results 10 2.3.6.1 Emissions Results Screen: Summary Results Tab 10 3. Quick Start Tab 14 4. References Tab 14 Appendix A: Drop-down List Options A-l Appendix B: Quantifier Calculations B-l 1. Overview B-l 2. Symbols B-l 3. Inputs B-l 4. Conversion Factors and Constants B-2 5. Results Calculations B-3 5.1 Daily/Annual Emissions Results Calculations B-3 5.2 Lifetime Emissions Results Calculations B-7 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page i ------- Diesel Emission Quantifier User's Guide Table of Contents (cont.) Page 6. Special Cases B-9 6.1 Vehicle and Engine Replacement/Repower Strategies B-9 6.2 Trailer Strategies B-10 6.3 Aerodynamic Devices B-10 7. Benefits Module B-10 Appendix C: Scrappage Rate Tables C-l Appendix D: Locomotive Default Usage D-l Page ii U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide List of Tables Table 1: Annual, Daily, and Lifetime Emission Results 11 Table A-l: Vehicle Types and AssociatedTarget Fleets A-l Table A-2: Target Fleets and Associated Class Equipment A-l Table A-3: Horsepower Options A-6 Table A-4: Displacement Options A-8 Table A-5: Fuel Types A-9 Table A-6: Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies A-10 Table C-l: On Highway Scrappage Table: Scrappage Table Survival Fraction (Based on 1980 Vehicles) C-l Table C-2: NonRoad Median Life Table C-3 Table C-3: NonRoad Default Scrappage Curve C-5 Table D-l: Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul, Passenger, and Switch Locomotive D-l U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page iii ------- Diesel Emission Quantifier User's Guide [This page intentionally left blank.] Page iv U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide 1. Introduction The Diesel Emissions Quantifier ("the Quantifier") is a tool that enables users to estimate emissions from a fleet of diesel vehicles and/or equipment. The Quantifier can calculate emissions estimates of NOX, PM, HC, CO, and CC>2 for highway and NonRoad vehicles, and marine vessels that utilize various emissions control technologies. The Quantifier has been modeled after the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMEVI) and the 2008 Locomotive Engines and Marine Diesel Engines Emission Standards Regulations. The NMEVI is an application developed by the EPA to determine estimates of current and future emission inventories for on-road motor vehicles and NonRoad equipment. The Quantifier is a web-based interface that asks users intuitive questions to help estimate their emissions. The Quantifier is capable of the following: 1. Calculating emissions from a single emissions reduction project; 2. Comparing fleet emissions using different retrofit control technologies; and 3. Assisting SmartWay carrier partners and grantees in developing proper data reports for submission to the EPA. The Quantifier calculates the following quantities for the fleet's baseline emissions for one year, and for the lifetime of a fleet: emissions reduced by the use of control technologies, and the cost effectiveness of control technologies. The calculated results may then be downloaded. The following SIP and conformity language appears as part of the Disclaimer on the Overview tab for the Quantifier: "The Diesel Emissions Quantifier is intended as a helpful tool to prepare estimates, but is not designed to meet requirements under other types of air or transportation submissions. Please do not continue using the Quantifier until you have read the important usage information below. • The Diesel Emission Quantifier should not be used for the calculation of any emission reductions to be incorporated in a State Implementation Plan (SIP) or conformity determination. • If you wish to calculate emission reductions for a SIP or conformity determination, you should review the appropriate SIP and conformity guidance document and consult with your EPA Regional Office. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 1 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide • For long-duration idle reduction, the SIP and conformity guidance can be found in the document Guidance for Quantifying and Using Long Duration Truck Idling Emission Reductions in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity (January, 2004, EPA420-B-04-001, PDF, 33 pages, 379K, About PDF). • For retrofit projects, the SIP and conformity guidance can be found in the document Diesel Retrofits: Quantifying and Using Their Benefits in SIPs and Conformity (June, 2006, EPA420-B-06-005, PDF, 69 pages, 530K, About PDF). • For emission reduction strategies not covered by those guidance documents, please consult with your EPA Regional Office." 2. Screen-Specific Instructions 2.1 Overview Tab The Overview Tab provides users with a basic description of the ways in which the Quantifier can be used, and ways in which the Quantifier should not be used. 2.2 My Account Tab On the My Account Tab (which is also accessible via the Use the Quantifier Tab) users have the option to log in by entering their email address and password. Logging in enables the user to store information on up to five fleets so that it can be retrieved at a later time. To obtain a login and password, the user must click on the "Register New Account" link. This link takes the user to the registration screen, where contact information is entered. Required contact information includes the user's email address, chosen password, contact name, organization name, and phone number. The user can opt to enter additional contact information including their position and address. When the registration information is saved, the user is taken back to the Use the Quantifier Tab. The "Forgot Password?" option takes the user to the My Account tab where they are prompted to enter their email address. An email will be sent to the user which contains an Internet link where the user can change their password. To log out at any time, the user can click on the "Log out" link at the top of each screen under the Use the Quantifier Tab. 2.3 Use the Quantifier Tab 2.3.1 Fleet Entry Section On the Use the Quantifier Tab, either logged in as an authenticated user or not logged in as an unauthenticated user, users are then prompted to begin use of the Quantifier by defining basic Fleet Entry information. This includes information for the following fields: Fleet Name: This is a user Defined Name for the Fleet. Page 2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Fleet Type: On Highway/NonRoad OR Marine. (Please note that the marine vessel component is separate from the On Highway and NonRoad component of the Quantifier.) State: The user will select a state from the drop-down list. The user should select the state where the project is located. If the project spans across more than one state, select the state that will yield the majority of the emissions reduction benefits. The user does not need to select a state if they are returning to a saved scenario. "Are you Quantifying Emissions for EPA?" Indicator: When the user selects this "preparing data" option, a contact information section will appear below the state drop-down list. All fields in the Required Contact Information section must be completed by all users who select the "preparing data" option. Users who want to download data to use in an EPA grant application only need to complete the Required Contact Information fields. In addition to the Required Contact Information section, existing SmartWay partners are required to complete the SmartWay Carrier Questionnaire which appears below the Optional Contact Information section when the "Click here if you are a SmartWay Carrier/Partner" hyperlink is clicked on. Users who are joining the SmartWay partnership for the first time are requested to complete the fields in the Required and Optional Contact Information sections, and the SmartWay Carrier questionnaire. The questionnaire contains the following information: • Does the data represents the user's initial fleet baseline, action plan, or annual update? • Average payload. • The number of straight trucks, tractors, and trailers that are owned, leased, and subcontracted. • The percentage of the fleet operating in each of the following modes: — Truckload; — Less than Truckload; — Pickup/Delivery; — Leasing; and - Other. • The user's parent company and subsidiaries (if applicable). The questionnaire can be hidden by clicking on the "Click here if you are not a SmartWay Carrier/Partner" hyperlink which appears at the top of the questionnaire. Once finished, the user can click Continue to move to the next screen to input specific information on the fleet. "Are you entering project funding information to calculate total cost effectiveness?" Indicator: Entering funding data is optional, but if the user wants to view the Total Cost Effectiveness of a project, funding data are required. The user can select Yes for this indicator and a list of funding sources and fields for dollar amounts will appear. The user should enter funding amounts in the appropriate fields. Funding data includes all costs associated with a project, including retrofit capital costs, installation costs, administrative costs, etc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 3 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Total Project Funding: This quantity is the sum of all funding source amounts entered by the user. The Quantifier automatically calculates this value. In order for the Quantifier to accurately calculate Total Cost Effectiveness, the user must ensure that the Total Project Funding amount only applies to the current vehicle group(s) entered. For example, if a user wishes to apply $100,000 of funding to two vehicle groups, entering $100,000 of funding for each vehicle group will result in a funding amount of $200,000 being used in the Total Cost Effectiveness calculation. Instead, the user should input all the funding information with the first vehicle group. If there are multiple vehicle groups then funding information for subsequent vehicle groups should be left at zero. To Save Fleet Entry information, select Save Fleet, and the Enter Vehicle Group Section will be made available. 2.3.2 Enter New Vehicle Group Information Section On this screen, the user will input information specific to each vehicle group in the fleet, as well as the vehicles to which one or more emission reduction strategies are applied. For fields specific to marine vessels, refer to Section 2.2.2.1. All other field definitions for marine vessels can be found in Section 2.2.2. This includes the types of vehicles in the fleet, the number, model year, and retrofit year of each vehicle group; fuel and usage information; the type(s) of technology applied; and cost information. This screen must be completed for each vehicle group separately. The user is encouraged to input fleet data with as much detail as possible; there is no limit to the number of vehicle groups that can be entered for a fleet. For example, a user has a fleet of 100 school buses with a range of model years from 1990 to 2005. The user may enter this fleet as one entry using an average model year. Alternatively, the user may enter vehicles of each model year separately. The more accurate the data entered is, the more accurate the results will be. The Enter New Vehicle Group Information section of the Fleet Information screen is where the user enters information on each vehicle group in the fleet. After the required Fleet Information has been entered and saved, the user can begin entry for a Vehicle Group within the Fleet. The following fields appear in the order listed below, and must be completed or selected from drop-down lists. All of the drop-down list options are provided in Appendix A. Numeric values must be entered without commas. State: The state selected on the Start Screen will appear as the Selected State. Type: Select the vehicle type (either On Highway or NonRoad) for the vehicle group from the drop-down list. Target Fleet: Select the vehicle group target fleet from the drop-down list. The list options will vary depending on the Type selected. Class/Equipment: Select the Vehicle/Equipment category from the drop-down list. The list options vary depending on the Target Fleet selected. Quantity: Enter the number of the vehicles of the fleet in a specific vehicle group. Page 4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Model Year: Enter the model year of the engine, not the vehicle. Retrofit Year: Enter the year the emissions control retrofit will be installed. Horsepower: If the user selects NonRoad as the Type, a field for Horsepower will appear below the Retrofit Year field. The user must select the vehicle's horsepower from the drop-down list. If the Horsepower drop-down list does not include an exact match for the user's vehicle, the user should select the nearest value. In the following fields, the user must provide information on how the vehicles in a particular vehicle group are operated. This includes information on fuel usage, distance traveled, travel time, and idling time. There is a direct correlation between fuel usage and CO2 emissions. Different fuels emit different amounts of CC>2 based on their chemical make-up. Fuel Type: Select the fuel used by the vehicle group from the drop-down list. Table A-4 lists the options that appear in the Fuel Type drop-down list, their associated CO2 factors, and the vehicle types and years for which each fuel type can be selected. The CC>2 factors are multiplied by the fuel volume to convert a non-diesel fuel volume into a diesel equivalent. The resulting value will be displayed in the "Calculated Fuel Volume" field. Fuel Volume: Fuel Volume is the amount of fuel used (in gallons per year) by all vehicles in a group, including fuel consumed while idling. A Fuel Type must be selected before the user can enter Fuel Volume. Depending on which Fuel Type is selected, the user-entered Fuel Volume is converted into a diesel equivalent in the "Calculated Fuel Volume" field. This allows the CO2 emissions to be compared on an equal basis across the entire fleet. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): This field will only appear if "On Highway" is selected as the Type. If "NonRoad" is selected as the Type, a Usage Rate field will appear instead. VMT is the average number of miles traveled per vehicle in the group per year. VMT can be calculated by averaging the miles traveled per year of all vehicles in a group. Alternatively, VMT can be calculated by dividing the total miles traveled in a year by the total number of vehicles in the group. The example below illustrates this calculation: Example: Vehicle Miles/Year 1 10,000 2 20,000 3 30,000 VMT = (10,000 + 20,000 + 30,000 miles/year) / 3 vehicles = 20,000 miles/vehicle/year Usage Rate: This field will only appear if "NonRoad" is selected as the Type. The Usage Rate is the average number of hours of use per vehicle per year. It is calculated by averaging the number of hours of use per year of all vehicles in a group. Alternatively, Usage Rate can be U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 5 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide calculated by dividing the total hours of use by all vehicles in a group in one year by the number of vehicles in the group. An example of this calculation is provided below: Example: Vehicle Hours of Use/Year 1 500 2 1,000 3 1,200 Usage Rate = (500 + 1,000 + 1,200 hours/year) / 3 vehicles = 900 hours/vehicle/year The Quantifier will automatically populate this field for Locomotive Passenger, Locomotive, Switch, and Locomotive Line Haul vehicles. The user can change these default values. Idling Hours (including hours saved): The Idling Hours field only appears for On Highway vehicles. This is the average number of hours spent idling per vehicle per year including any hours diverted (saved) using an idling control strategy. The Quantifier calculates On Highway emissions based on two modes: drive and idle. In order to show proper savings, the user must input information based on the true number of hours diverted (saved) using the control strategy. Idling hours can be calculated by averaging the idling hours of each vehicle in a group, or by adding the idling hours of all vehicles in a group, and dividing this sum by the number of vehicles. This is to include hours that have been diverted through idling control measures. 2.3.2.1 Enter New Marine Vessel Quantity: For marine vessels, only one vessel may be modeled at a time. This value is set to one. Number of Engines: Enter the number of engines on the vessel (up to five), both propulsion and auxiliary engines. Unique Engine Type 1: All fields under this and subsequent types are related to the specific engine. Type: Select propulsion or auxiliary. Quantity (Engines): Enter the number of engines unique to the characteristic defined in the following fields. Displacement per cylinder: Select the range of displacement per cylinder per engine. Page 6 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide 2.3.3 Apply a Technology to New Vehicle Group In the Apply a Technology to New Vehicle Group section of the Fleet Information screen, the user enters information on the emission control technologies that are to be applied to the vehicle group. The user will have the option to add a new technology after saving the Vehicle Group. The following fields appear in the order listed below, and must be completed or selected from drop-down lists. All of the drop-down list options are provided in Appendix A. Technology Type: The Technology Type is an emissions control category. The Technology Type is selected from the drop-down list. Technology: Technology is a specific emissions control method that is selected from the drop- down list. When multiple technologies are applied to a single vehicle, the following rules and restrictions apply: • Engine Replacement/Repower — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Hybrids — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Emission Control Devices - only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Engine and Truck Upgrades — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Trailer Strategies — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Aerodynamic Devices — multiple selections may be applied to a vehicle. • Tire Technology — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Weight Reduction — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Fuel Options — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Advanced Lubricant Technology Strategies — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Speed Management Policies — only one technology may be applied to a vehicle. • Idling Control Strategies — multiple selections may be applied to a vehicle. Note that the idling hours reduced for all selections must not exceed the total idling hours which were inputted under the vehicle group section. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 7 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide The following technology combinations are not allowed: If This Is Selected... Then This Is NOT an Option Diesel Paniculate Filter or any of the following combinations with a filter: • Lean NOX Catalyst + Diesel Paniculate Filter • Exhaust Gas Recirculation + Diesel Paniculate Filter • Diesel Paniculate Filter + ULSD • Hybrid Electric Replacement with Diesel Paniculate Filter Any Fuel Option. Any of the following Diesel Oxidation Catalyst combinations with fuel: • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B10 • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B20 • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B100 • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + ULSD • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + emulsion • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + BIO • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + B20 • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation+ B100 • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + ULSD • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + emulsion Any Fuel Option. New Model Year: This field will only appear if the Engine Replacement/Repower technology type is selected. This New Model Year is the model year of the new or retrofitted engine. Idling Hours Reduced: If Idling Control Strategies are selected as the Technology Type, the Idling Hours Reduced field appears. The user should enter the number of idling hours reduced by implementing the selected Technology. The number of idling hours reduced cannot exceed the number of idling hours entered for the vehicle group. PageS U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Apply Technology To: Enter the number of vehicles to which this technology applies. This number can be all or a portion of the Quantity entered previously for the entire vehicle group. As the user adds technologies, this section will expand to list out each group of vehicles to which technologies have been applied. For example, if Technology 1 is applied to 20 out of 100 vehicles, the following two lines will appear: • Apply to vehicles (out of 20) that currently have Technology 1; and • Apply to vehicles (out of 80) that do not currently have a Technology. Pollutants Table: Once the Technology Type and Technology are selected, the percent emissions reductions for NOX, PM, HC, CO, and CO2 will automatically populate the Pollutants table. The percent reductions are average values specific to the selected technology. Note that for Idling Control Strategies, the percent reductions are based on the engine being used in idling mode only. If the user knows the exact percent reductions for the specific technology they have selected, then they can manually change the values that appear in the table. The maximum percentage a user can enter is 100%. It is recommended that users only make changes if they have more accurate values from the manufacturer. The following disclaimer appears below the "Installation Cost" field and applies to the pollutants table: "Note that the percent reduction associated with a particular retrofit technology or cleaner fuel may vary by manufacturer and application and may change as more information becomes available. Please refer to EPA's verified technology web page for the latest detailed information on verified emission reductions from retrofit technologies. Some of the technologies listed here are not yet verified by EPA or the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Emissions reductions calculated by this model based on user-entered percent reductions not based on EPA or CARB's verified technology list should not be used for any official purposes or to meet any reporting requirements. Emission reductions calculated by this model based on user-entered percent reductions not based on EPA or CARB's verified technology list should not be used for any official purposes or to meet any reporting requirements." EPA's verified technology web page is http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/verif-list.htm. Unit Cost: The cost to purchase an emission control technology for one vehicle. The user must enter a non-negative numeric value. The Quantifier uses this value to calculate Capital Cost Effectiveness. Installation Cost: The cost to install the selected emission control technology on one vehicle. The user must enter a non-negative numeric value. The Quantifier uses this value to calculate Capital Cost Effectiveness. 2.3.3.1 Apply a Technology to a Marine Vessel Once a technology type and technology have been selected, the user must apply the technology to the Engine Type. The technology may be applied to one or more engine types. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 9 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide 2.3.4 Save a New Vehicle Group and Technology Once all the required vehicle group fields are complete, the user can save the information by clicking the "Save" button, or the "Add a New Vehicle Group" option to add additional vehicle groups. If the user would like to clear the data entered on the screen without saving it, the "Go Back to Start" hyperlink at the top of the screen must be clicked. From the Start Screen, the user can click "Continue" to return to the Fleet Information screen. To save control technology information, the user must click the "Save Technology" button. Once at least one vehicle group is saved, the user can edit the group, add technologies, add additional vehicle groups, or proceed to the Results page. 2.3.5 Edit Data The user can edit or delete any group, and delete any technology by clicking the "Edit" or "Delete" buttons. 2.3.5.1 Edit Vehicle Group Information Once a vehicle group is saved, if the Vehicle Group Information is not immediately editable the user can edit vehicle group information by clicking on the Edit Group button. All Vehicle Group Information fields are editable. To add an additional vehicle group, the user must click the "Add New Vehicle Group" header bar. 2.3.5.2 Edit Technology Information To apply additional technologies to a vehicle group, the user must enter technology information and click the "Save Technology" Button. To edit a saved technology, the user must click the "Delete" button that corresponds to the technology and re-enter the data. 2.3.6 Calculate Results Once the user has finished entering data for an entire fleet, the user can click the "Quantify Emissions" button at the bottom of the screen to calculate results. 2.3.6.1 Emissions Results Screen: Summary Results Tab When the user clicks on the "Quantify Emissions" button on the Fleet Information screen, the user will be taken to the Results screen. The formulas used to generate the results are provided in Appendix B. The data that appear in the Results table are an aggregation of the emissions from all vehicle groups and technologies that the user entered. The Results table has the following format: Page 10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table 1: Annual, Daily, and Lifetime Emission Results Annual Baseline of Entire Fleet Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted Percent Reduced (%) Amount Reduced Per Year Daily Lifetime Baseline of Entire Fleet Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted Percent Reduced (%) Amount Reduced Amount Emitted after Retrofit, Entire Fleet Amount Emitted after Retrofit, Retrofitted Vehicles Capital Cost Effectiveness ($/ton), Retrofitted Vehicles Total Cost Effectiveness ($/ton), Retrofitted Vehicles NOX (tons/ year) NOX (kg/ day) NOX (tons) PM (tons/ year) PM (kg/ day) PM (tons) HC (tons/ year) HC (kg/ day) HC (tons) CO (tons/ year) CO (kg/ day) CO (tons) CO2 (tons/ year) CO2 (kg/ day) CO2 (tons) Diesel Equivalent (gallons/year) Fuel (g/day) Diesel Equivalent (gallons/year) 2.3.6.1.1 Annual and Daily Results The Annual and Daily sections of the Results table display annual baseline emissions information, and the emissions reduced daily and annually by applying the user-selected control technologies. The Baseline of Entire Fleet row displays annual emissions of NOX, PM, HC, CO, and CC>2 without any emissions controls. The Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted shows the uncontrolled emissions of each of the five pollutants from only the vehicles that will be retrofitted with a control technology. For example, if there are 100 vehicles in a fleet, and 50 vehicles are going to be retrofitted with emissions controls, then the Baseline of Entire Fleet will show the uncontrolled emissions from 100 vehicles, while the Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted will show the uncontrolled emissions from 50 vehicles. Both quantities are shown in units of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 11 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide tons/year. Percent Reduced values are the emission reduction percentages obtained after control technologies are applied to a fleet. Amount Reduced per Year values are the tons of pollutants reduced per year by applying controls. These values converted to kilograms per day are displayed in the Daily section of the table. The Diesel Equivalent of CO2 emissions, in gallons per year, is displayed in the last column. 2.3.6.1.2 Lifetime Results The Lifetime Emissions section of the Results table displays the emissions that are estimated to occur over the remaining lifetime of all vehicle groups in a fleet. The Baseline of Entire Fleet, Baseline of Vehicles Retrofitted, Percent Reduced, and Amount Reduced values are analogous to the values in the Annual and Daily results. The calculations used to derive these values are provided in Appendix B. Amount Emitted after Retrofit, Entire Fleet values are the lifetime emissions, in tons, of the entire fleet after the user-selected control technologies are applied. Amount Emitted after Retrofit, Retrofitted Vehicles values are the lifetime emissions, in tons, of only the retrofitted vehicles after the user-selected control technologies are applied. The Diesel Equivalent of CC>2 emissions, in gallons, is displayed in the last column. Capital Cost Effectiveness is calculated by dividing the total unit and installation costs of all retrofits in the fleet by the Amount Reduced. These values are only calculated if the user enters unit and installation costs on the Fleet Information screen. Any technologies that increase emissions are excluded from the Capital Cost Effectiveness calculation. Total Cost Effectiveness is calculated by dividing the total cost of the retrofit project (capital costs, administrative costs, etc.) by the Amount Reduced. In this calculation, any emission increases from control technologies are not included in the Amount Reduced. Total Cost Effectiveness is only calculated if the user enters funding information on the Fleet Information screen. See Appendix B for details on how these calculations are performed. Total Cost Effectiveness results are displayed in the Emissions Results table, and not in the Detailed Results table. The following note appears below the Lifetime emissions results: "The lifetime results are dependent on each vehicle group's remaining life. To determine the remaining life for each vehicle group, divide the lifetime results by the annual results using the Detailed Results tables below." The funding data are displayed in a table below the Lifetime Emissions table. 2.3.6.1.3 Preview/Download Data: Detailed Results and Download Data Tabs Before downloading data, the user can preview the data in the Detailed Results section, which appears as the second tab on the Results screen. This tab takes the user to the Detailed Results. These tables present results for each subgroup of vehicles that share the same control technologies. The first Detailed Results table presents annual data, and the second table presents lifetime data. Page 12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide The following two download options appear on the Download Data: View/Download Detailed Report: To download all the data entered in addition to the calculated data from the Results tables, the user must select the format by clicking either "as Microsoft Excel file" or "as CSV (comma separated values) file." The downloaded data file can be submitted to the EPA. This option is not available for Marine Vessels. View/Download Summary Report: This option appears if the user selected "Preparing data for the EPA?" from the Select Scenario option on the Start screen. The user has the option to download the data in either Excel or CSV format. CSV files can be opened by many desktop spreadsheet and database applications. This option allows the user to download a data file that is a condensed version of the Annual, Daily and Lifetime Results tables. This condensed data file may be selected by users applying for EPA grant funds as part of a grant application. This file contains the relevant information that EPA needs to review a grant application. If the user has already received grant funds, this file can be used to report required data to the EPA. When the user clicks on "as Microsoft Excel file" or "as CSV (comma separated values) file," a dialog box will appear on the screen that lets the user open the file or save it to disk. 2.3.6.1.4 Benefits Module Tab When the user clicks on the Health Benefits Tab on the Emission Results page, the user will be taken to the Benefits Module entry screen. 2.3.6.1.4.1 Entry Screen The Entry Screen of the Benefits Module allows the user to enter up to five counties that will be affected by the emission reductions resulting from the retrofit technologies. The user also enters the percent reduction that is experienced in each county. The percent reductions must total to 100%. Once the user has properly defined the States, Counties, and Percent Reductions, they may click the "Calculate Health Benefits" button to take them to the results screen. 2.3.6.1.4.2 Results Screen The Results Screen of the Benefits Module displays the Annual Diesel PM Reduction (tons) and the Annual Benefits ($) on a per county and total basis. The total Annualized Cost of the retrofit project is also displayed. Counties will appear with one asterisk if the benefits for that county are likely underestimated and two asterisks if the benefits are likely overestimated. Additionally, explanatory text will appear below the results table. 2.3.6.1.4.3 View/Download Benefits Module Results To download the Results tables, the user must select the format by clicking either "as Microsoft Excel file" or "as CSV (comma separated values) file" at the bottom of the Results Screen. The user will then have the option to either view or download the results. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page 13 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide 3. Quick Start Tab This tab will provide the user with basic information that they will need before using the Quantifier (e.g., Necessary Inputs). 4. References Tab On this tab the user can find links to References that users of the Quantifier might need. Page 14 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Appendix A: Drop-down List Options Table A-l: Vehicle Types and Associated Target Fleets Vehicle Type On Highway NonRoad Target Fleet School Buses Transit Buses Refuse Hauler Short Haul Long Haul Delivery Truck Emergency Vehicle City/County Vehicle Agriculture Port and Airports Rail Construction Stationary Table A-2: Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment Target Fleet Refuse Hauler, Short Haul, Long Haul, Delivery Truck, Emergency Vehicle, City/County Vehicle School Buses Transit Buses Class/Equipment Class 5 (16,001 - 19,500 Ibs.) Class 6 (19,501 - 26,000 Ibs.) Class 7 (26,001 - 33,000 Ibs.) Class 8a (33,001 - 60,000 Ibs.) Class 8b (60,001 and over) School Buses Transit Buses (cont.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page A-l ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-2: Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.) Target Fleet Agriculture Construction Class/Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors Agricultural Mowers Agricultural Tractors Balers Combines Irrigation Sets Logging Equip. Fell/Bunch/Skidders Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 Off-Highway Tractors Off-Highway Trucks Other Agricultural Equipment Sprayers Swathers Tillers > 6 HP Bore/Drill Rigs Cement & Mortar Mixers Concrete/Industrial Saws Cranes Crawler Tractors Crushing/Proc. Equipment Dumpers/Tenders Excavators Forklifts Graders Light Commercial Air Compressors Light Commercial Gas Compressors (cont.) Page A-2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-2: Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.) Target Fleets Construction (cont.) Port and Airports Class/Equipment Light Commercial Generator Sets Light Commercial Pressure Washer Light Commercial Pumps Light Commercial Welders Off-Highway Tractors Off-Highway Trucks Other Construction Equipment Pavers Paving Equipment Plate Compactors Rollers Rough Terrain Forklifts Rubber Tire Dozers Rubber Tire Loaders Scrapers Signal Boards Skid Steer Loaders Surfacing Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers Tampers/Rammers (unused) Tillers > 6 HP Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Trenchers AC Refrigeration Aerial Lifts Airport Support Equipment Cranes Forklifts (cont.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page A-3 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-2: Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.) Target Fleet Port and Airports (cont.) Rail Class/Equipment Light Commercial Air Compressors Light Commercial Gas Compressors Light Commercial Generator Sets Light Commercial Pressure Washer Light Commercial Pumps Light Commercial Welders Off-Highway Tractors Off-Highway Trucks Other Construction Equipment Other General Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling Equipment Signal Boards Skid Steer Loaders Terminal Tractors Aerial Lifts Cranes Forklifts Light Commercial Air Compressors Light Commercial Generator Sets Light Commercial Pressure Washer Line Haul Locomotive Off-Highway Tractors Off-Highway Trucks Other General Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling Equipment Passenger Locomotive Switch Locomotive Terminal Tractors Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (cont.) Page A-4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-2: Target Fleets and Associated Class/Equipment (cont.) Target Fleet Stationary Marine Class/Equipment Air Compressor Gas Compressor Irrigation Power Generation Pump Welding Container Ferry /Excursion Tug Boat/Tow Boat Commercial Fishing Commercial Charter Fishing Crew and Supply Pilot Work Boat Other U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page A-5 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-3: Horsepower Options Horsepower 10 11 16 20 25 30 40 45 49 50 60 70 75 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 175 180 190 (cont.) Page A-6 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-3: Horsepower Options (cont.) Horsepower 200 220 240 250 300 320 350 400 425 450 475 500 550 600 700 750 800 900 950 1000 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2250 (cont.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page A-7 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-3: Horsepower Options (cont.) Horsepower 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 4000 4250 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 Table A-4: Displacement Options Displacement size < 0.9 0.9 < = 1.2 < = 2.5 < = 3.5 < = 5.0 < = 15.0 < = 20.0 < = 25.0 < = size< 1.2 size < 2.5 size < 3.5 size < 5.0 size < 15.0 size < 20.0 size < 25.0 size < 30.0 Page A-8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-5: Fuel Types Fuel Type LPG LNG CNG (Ibs) CNG (ft3) Biodiesel 100 Biodiesel 20 Biodiesel 5 Biodiesel 2 E85 Regular Diesel, 3,400 ppm High Sulfur Non-Road Locomotive and Marine Diesel Fuel, 3,400 ppm Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), 15 ppm Emulsion Regular Diesel (LSD), 500 ppm Regular Diesel/Marine Diesel Fuel (LSD), 500 ppm Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD), 500 ppm Regular Diesel (ULSD), 15 ppm CO2 Factor 0.65 0.61 0.16 0.0074 0.92 0.985108 0.996277 0.998511 0.626126 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rules Always available. Always available. Always available. Always available. Always available. Always available. Always available. Not available to any vehicles or as a reduction technology. Always available. Not available for On Highway, available for NonRoad for retrofit years up to and including 2006. Available for Marine for model years up to and including 20 10. Not available for On Highway, available for NonRoad and Marine. Always available. Not available for On Highway, available for NonRoad for retrofit years from 2007 - 2009. Available only for Marine Vessels for retrofit years from 2007 -20 12. Available for On Highway and NonRoad for retrofit years prior to 2007. Available for On Highway, not available for NonRoad. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page A-9 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-6: Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies Retrofit Technology Type Emissions Control Devices Retrofit Technology Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + BIO Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B20 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + B100 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + BIO Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + B20 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + B100 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Emulsion Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + Emulsion Diesel Paniculate Filter Diesel Paniculate Filter + ULSD (for NonRoad only) Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation Diesel Paniculate Filter + Closed Crankcase Ventilation Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation + ULSD (for NonRoad only) Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + ULSD (for NonRoad only) Hybrid Electric Replacement with Diesel Paniculate Filter Partial Flow Filter Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Replacement Lean NOX Catalyst/Diesel Paniculate Filter Recalibration Selective Catalytic Reduction Exhaust Gas Recirculation + Diesel Paniculate Filter Other (cont.) Page A-10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-6: Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies (cont.) Retrofit Technology Type Fuel Options Hybrid Weight Reduction Trailer Strategies Tire Technology Advanced Lubricant Technology Strategies Engine and Truck Upgrades Retrofit Technology Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Compressed Natural Gas Liquid Natural Gas Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel(BlOO) Emulsion Hybrid 100 Ibs 500 Ibs 1000 Ibs 5000 Ibs 45 Foot Trailer 48 Foot Trailer 53 Foot Trailer Double Rocky Mountain Double Turnpike Double Triple Single Wide Tires Automatic Tire Inflation Other Fuel Efficient Tire Low Friction Engine Lubricant Low Friction Drive Train Lubricant Other Advanced Lubricant Technology Strategies Direct Drive Single Axle vs. Double (cont.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page A-11 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-6: Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies (cont.) Retrofit Technology Type Speed Management Policy Aerodynamic Devices Retrofit Technology 65 mph 64 mph 63 mph 62 mph 61 mph 60 mph 59 mph 58 mph 57 mph 56 mph 55 mph Aero Profile Tractor Cab Over Engine Tractor Integrated Cab Roof Fairing Cab Roof Fairing Cab Roof Deflector Cab Side Fairing Cab Front Air Dam Front Bumper Cab Aerodynamic Mirrors Nose Cone Trailer Tails Trailer Gap 44" - 36" Trailer Gap 35" or less Trailer Side Skirts Flatbed Trailer Tarps (cont.) Page A-12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table A-6: Retrofit Technology Types and Associated Technologies (cont.) Retrofit Technology Type Engine Replacement/Repower Idling Control Strategies Retrofit Technology Engine Repower Engine Replacement Direct Fired Heater Auxiliary Power Unit Truck Stop Electrification Driver Tag Teams Double Drivers Engine Shutdown Other U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page A-13 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide [This page intentionally left blank.] Page A-14 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Appendix B: Quantifier Calculations 1. Overview This document provides a brief overview of the calculations used in computing the emissions results produced by the Diesel Emissions Quantifier. Equations and inputs are presented in two columns. The parentheses following each entry denote the units of the result of computing the expression on the left. For inputs, brackets following each entry denote whether the input is taken from the database ("[d]"), user input ("[u]"), a database default or a user input value ("[d/u]"), or embedded into business logic ("[e]"). Textual references (e.g., "total number of vehicles in the fleet") have been replaced by symbolic equivalents (e.g., WE ) as defined below. 2. Symbols These symbols take on different meanings depending on their parameters, or if they are constrained to a particular set of values. t Vehicle type (one of "NonRoad" (tnr) or "On Highway" (thw )) [d] p Pollutant type (one of "CO," "CO2," "HC," "PM," "NOX") [d] ksf Conversion factor from units s to units t [e] Mn Results calculation n [e] 3. Inputs Calculations require several inputs, as noted below. n^ Number of vehicles (veh) [u] n Number of vehicles retrofitted with a given technology (veh) [u] nengine Number of a given unique engine type (Marine Vessels Only) [u] HP Horsepower [u] VMT Vehicle miles traveled (mi/veh/yr) [u] ud Default usage rate (hr/veh/yr) [d] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-l ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide u Actual usage rate (hr/veh/yr) [u] ufd Default fuel usage rate (Rail only) (gal/veh/yr) [d] uf Actual fuel usage rate (Rail only) (gal/veh/yr) [d] / Total idling hours per year (hr/veh/yr) [u] IR Idling hours reduced per year (hr/veh/yr). Used only with idling control strategies [u] m t Emissions for pollutant p of vehicle type t (tons/mi/mo/veh for On Highway, tons/hr/yr/veh for NonRoad [d] m11 Idling emissions for pollutant p of vehicle type t (ton/hr/veh | ton/hr/veh) [d] rp Emissions reduction for pollutant p of a given technology (dimensionless) [d/u] s Scrappage rate sum for a given vehicle's age and retrofit year. A table of scrappage rate sums is provided in Table C-l of Appendix C [d] / Total fuel usage (gallons) [u] / Fuel usage during idling (gallons) [u] Cu Unit cost for a particular emissions technology ($) [d] Ci Installation cost for a particular emissions technology ($) [d] CT Total project funding ($) [u] 4. Conversion Factors and Constants Numeric literals have been replaced by their appropriate conversion factor or constant below. kmo r = 12 Months in a year (months/year) kkg,ton = 907-18474 Kilograms in a ton (kg/ton) k^d = 1/365 « 2.7397X10"3 Years in a day (years/day) kp ton Diesel-equivalent fuel emissions of pollutant p (gallons/ton) [d] Page B-2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide CO 2 fiie I factor Ut = 4.2990141 m1' N0x,tlm =1.58732829x10" m ir ~ t = 0 mco,tlm = 0 5. Results Calculations The following factors are used to convert non-diesel fuels into diesel equivalent gallons: • LPG: 0.65; • LNG: 0.61; • CNG(lbs): 0.16; • CNG(ft3): 0.0074; • Biodiesel 100: 0.92; • Biodiesel 20: 0.985108; • Biodiesel 5: 0.996277; • Biodiesel 2: 0.998511; and • E85: 0.626126. Idling fuel usage factor (gallons/hour) [d] On Highway idling emissions factor for PM (g/hr/yr/veh) On Highway idling emissions factor for NOX (g/hr/yr/veh) On Highway idling emissions factor for HC (g/hr/yr/veh) On Highway idling emissions factor for CO (g/hr/yr/veh) 5.1 Daily/Annual Emissions Results Calculations • M1thw - On Highway fleet baseline emissions (tons/year): -- Non-CO2: — Total CO2 (running + idling) baseline emissions: MUfcf =f-CO2 fuel factor • 0.01 1 1 — CO2 from idling if user enters non-zero idling hours (I): The following equation results in gallons per year. This quantity can be used to determine idling emissions as follows: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-3 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide = Idling Fuel Usage Factor • I • n^ Ufcf = / • CO2 fuel factor • 0.01 1 1 - NonRoad fleet baseline emissions (tons/year): Non-CO2 (non-Rail): - Non-CO2(Rail): — Ufd Non-CC>2 (Rail - Line-Haul, Passenger and Switch Locomotives): I ton itm = nz • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • Activity Hours • 907184.74 g Locomotive Emission Factors are pulled from the database, and default Activity Hours are listed in Table D-l. The year in use used to look up the Activity Hours is determined by the following: (calendar year - model year) + 1. The Quantifier automatically enters this value into the Usage Rate field, but the user can change it. — Non-CC>2 (Marine Vessels): I ton Mum = n ims • Marine Emission Factor • HP • Load Factor • Activity Hours • 907184.74 Marine Emission Factors and Load Factors are pulled from the database. The Activity Hours are input by the user and cannot exceed the number of hours in a year (8760). -- C02: Mlt =/• CO2 fuel factor -0.0111 Page B-4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide * M2thw - On Highway retrofitted baseline emissions (tons/year): -- Non-CO2: - C02: M2tim = (n I n^ ) • / • CO2 fuel factor -0.0111 M2tnr - NonRoad retrofitted baseline emissions (tons/year): -- Non-CO2 (non-Rail): ud - Non-CO2(Rail): Non-CO2 (Rail - Line-Haul, Passenger and Switch Locomotives): I ton = n • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • Activity Hours • 907184.74 g Locomotive Emission Factors are pulled from the database, and default Activity Hours are in Table D-l. — Non-CO2 (Marine Vessels): M2tnr =Mltnr U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-5 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide -- CO2: M2tfr = (w/Hz) • / • C02 fuel factor • 0.01 1 1 — CC>2 (Marine Vessels): A/ 2 tor =Mltnr • Md3 - Emissions percent reduction (dimensionless): Md3 = rp * Md3thw , Md3tnr -Emissions reduction, tons per year (tons/year): — For NonRoad, and On Highway: If more than one technology is applied to a set of vehicles, each technology after the first is applied to a reduced retrofitted baseline. That is, the first technology reduces the original retrofitted baseline, the second technology is applied to the reduced retrofitted baseline that remains after the first technology is applied, the third technology is applied to the retrofitted baseline that remains after two technologies are applied, etc. — For Non-CC>2 emissions of On Highway vehicles using idling control strategies, the idling reduction is the lesser of: 1. The total emissions of retrofit vehicles; and 2- Md3t =m1 p,t-IR-nr a^idk -" P M,,. =M,,. H M9. d3t d3toper 2^,4, — For CO2 emissions of On Highway vehicles using idling control strategies, the emission reduction is: Md3tag =Ut-n-IR- CO2 Fuel Factor • 0.01 1 1 • rp • Md4t - On Highway/NonRoad emissions reduction, kilograms per day (kg/day): • Diesel Equivalent, gallons per year: Diesel Equivalent = CO2 tons/0.0111 Page B-6 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide • Diesel Equivalent, gallons per day: Diesel Equivalent = Diesel Equivalent (gal/year) * kyr:(j 5.2 Lifetime Emissions Results Calculations • Mist - Lifetime fleet baseline emissions (tons): -- On Highway: M13t^=Mlt^-s — NonRoad: Median Life (M) is pulled from the database. A table of Median Life values is provided in Table C-2 in Appendix C. Iteration Limit (L): the lesser of (2 x M) and 30 Age from New (Y): (Calendar Year - Model Year) + 1 Age Ratio (A) = Y/M The value for A is used to determine the Cumulative Percent Scrapped (CPS) for a given year. The Cumulative Percent Scrapped is determined using the values in Table C-3 in Appendix C and linear interpolation. Survival Rate (for a given year) = 1 - CPS Number of iterations of Age Ratio required to calculate total Survival Rate = (L-Y)+1. For each iteration, Y = Y + 1 and the Age Ratio is calculated until Y = L. For each Age Ratio, the Survival Rate is calculated. The Survival Rates from all of these iterations are then summed. M,,. = Survival Rate Sum -M.. I3lnr nm — Non-CC>2 for Rail (Line-Haul and Passenger Locomotive) 40th Year Mnt = ny • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • "Y Activity Hours 40th Year \tOn 907184.74 The retrofit year is determined by: (Calendar Year - Model Year) + 1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-7 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide If the user changes the activity hours, and the user-defined value is smaller than the default value of the retrofit year, the user-defined value is used in the sum for each year until the user-defined value exceeds the default value. — Non-CC>2 for Rail (Switch Locomotive) 70th Year \tOH Mnt = nr • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • V Activity Hours 907184.74 The retrofit year is determined by: (Calendar Year - Model Year) + 1 If the user changes the activity hours, and the user-defined value is smaller than the default value of the retrofit year, the user-defined value is used in the sum for each year until the user-defined value exceeds the default value. — CC>2 for Rail (Line-Haul, Passenger, Switch Locomotive) Mn. = Survival Rate Sum -M.. '3'nr "nr - Lifetime retrofitted baseline emissions (tons): On Highway: Ml4t =M2t -s NonRoad: Ml4t =M2t • Survival Rate Sum Non-CC>2 for Rail (Line-Haul or Passenger Locomotive): 40th Year t ear i M,,t = n • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • "Y Activity Hours 907184.74 g -- Non-CC>2 for Rail (Switch Locomotive): Ml4t = n • Locomotive Emission Factor • HP • Y Activity Hours • TOtHTear j ^ 907184.74 £ — CO2 for Rail (Line-Haul, Passenger, Switch Locomotive) M,,t = M7t • Survival Rate Sum l^Lnr LLnr • MB - Lifetime emissions percent reduction (percent): MIS = rp • Mist - Lifetime emissions reduction (tons): Ml5t=MlAt-rp Page B-8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide - Post-retrofit lifetime emissions for fleet (tons): - Post-retrofit lifetime emissions for retrofitted vehicles (tons): - Capital cost effectiveness for retrofitted vehicles ($/ton): M _ ~ The summed quantity is calculated for each technology that is applied to a vehicle subgroup. Any technologies that increase emissions should be excluded from these calculations (i.e., the number of vehicles retrofitted, installation cost, unit cost, and emissions increases should not be included in the sum). - Total cost effectiveness for retrofitted vehicles ($/ton): If any technology causes an increase in emissions, that emissions increase is excluded from the Lifetime Emissions Reduction amount (Mist). • Diesel Equivalent, gallons: Diesel Equivalent = CO 2 tons/0.0111 6. Special Cases When certain types of emissions reductions technologies are selected, the results calculations change, depending on the technology selected. 6.1 Vehicle and Engine Replacement/Repower Strategies In these strategies, an aging vehicle's engine is replaced with a new one of a different model year. If selected, the user supplies the new engine's model year;; as an additional input parameter for the technology. The default percent reduction rp for a particular pollutant/? is then computed by comparing the old vehicle's emissions mp:t against the new vehicle's emissions, n?p:t rather than pulled from the database. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-9 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide The computed percent reduction becomes: m — m / _ mp,t mp,t ~ and this value should be used in place of r for all calculations in Section V. 6.2 Trailer Strategies When trailer strategies are selected as a control technology, only the calculation of the CC>2 baseline of retrofitted vehicles is affected. M2t is calculated as follows: M2t = (H/WZ) • / • CO2 fuel factor • 0.0111 p— l_rp 6.3 Aerodynamic Devices Aerodynamic devices reduce fuel consumption during operation, so the percent reduction should only be applied to running emissions. The equation for CC>2 emissions reduced when aerodynamic devices are employed is as follows: Md3t = V (/-/•)• C°2 fuel factor -0.0111 7. Benefits Module The Benefits Module will perform health benefits calculations using the following methodology: • On Highway Tons reduced per county: On Highway Tons reduced county = (E Tons reduced 0nHighway^ i ) • % Allocated county • NonRoad Tons reduced per county: NonRoad Tons reduced county = (E Tons reducedNonRoadil ) • % Allocated county • Total Tons reduced per county: Total Tons reduced counfy = On Highway Tons reduced counttf -\ NonRoad Tons reduced countt Page B-10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide • Total Tons Reduced: Total Tons reducedtotal = E Total Tons reducedc • On Highway Benefit per county: On Highway Benefitcounty = On Highway Tons reducedcounty • Benefit per Ton On Highway count) • NonRoad B enefit per county: NonRoad Benefitcounty = NonRoad Tons reducedcounty • Benefit per Ton NonRoadcounty • Annual Benefit per county: Annual Benefit counfy = NonRoad Benefitcounty -\ On Highway Benefitcomty • Annual Benefit: Annual Benefittotal = E Annual Benefitcounty • Annualized Cost per scenario: , „, (Capital Cost -0.03) Annual Cost = — — scenario ,~ /'I _l_ ft f}ry\~num"er °f years remaining \ • Total Annual Cost: Total Annual Cost = E Annual Cost „„„„„. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page B-l 1 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide [This page intentionally left blank.] Page B-12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Appendix C: Scrappage Rate Tables Table C-l: On Highway Scrappage Table: Scrappage Table Survival Fraction (Based on 1980 Vehicles) • Discount rate: 3% • Scrappage rates are adjusted based on the year of retrofit. Vehicle Age From New (Years) Age at Retrofit New 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Survival % ------- Table C-l: On Highway Scrappage Table: Scrappage Table Survival Fraction (Based on 1980 Vehicles) (cont.) Vehicle Age From New (Years) 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 SUM Age at Retrofit New 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Survival % 47.9% 44.2% 40.6% 37.1% 33.7% 30.6% 27.6% 24.8% 22.2% 19.8% 17.6% 15.5% 1826% 47.9% 44.2% 40.6% 37.1% 33.7% 30.6% 27.6% 24.8% 22.2% 19.8% 17.6% 15.5% 1726% 47.9% 44.2% 40.6% 37.1% 33.7% 30.6% 27.6% 24.8% 22.2% 19.8% 17.6% 15.5% 1626% 49.4% 45.7% 42.1% 38.6% 35.2% 32.1% 29.1% 26.3% 23.7% 21.3% 19.1% 17.0% 1566% 51.2% 47.5% 43.9% 40.4% 37.0% 33.9% 30.9% 28.1% 25.5% 23.1% 20.9% 18.8% 1513% 53.4% 49.7% 46.1% 42.6% 39.2% 36.1% 33.1% 30.3% 27.7% 25.3% 23.1% 21.0% 1468% 55.9% 52.2% 48.6% 45.1% 41.7% 38.6% 35.6% 32.8% 30.2% 27.8% 25.6% 23.5% 1428% 58.8% 55.1% 51.5% 48.0% 44.6% 41.5% 38.5% 35.7% 33.1% 30.7% 28.5% 26.4% 1395% 61.9% 58.2% 54.6% 51.1% 47.7% 44.6% 41.6% 38.8% 36.2% 33.8% 31.6% 29.5% 1363% 65.2% 61.5% 57.9% 54.4% 51.0% 47.9% 44.9% 42.1% 39.5% 37.1% 34.9% 32.8% 68.8% 65.1% 61.5% 58.0% 54.6% 51.5% 48.5% 45.7/o 43. 1% 40.7% 38.5% 36.4% 72.5% 68.8% 65.2% 61.7% 58.3% 55.2% 52.2% 49.4/o 46.8% 44.4% 42.2% 40.1% 76.3% 72.6% 69.0% 65.5% 62. 1% 59.0% 56.0% 53.2/o 50.6% 48.2% 46.0% 43.9% 80.2% 76.5% 72.9% 69.4% 66.0% 62.9% 59.9% 57.1% 54.5% 52.1% 49.9% 47.8% 84.2% 80.5% 76.9% 73.4% 70.0% 66.9% 63.9% 61.1% 58.5% 56.1% 53.9% 51.8% 88.2% 84.5% 80.9% 77.4% 74.0% 70.9% 67.9% 65.1% 62.5% 60.1% 57.9% 55.8% 92.2% 88.5% 84.9% 81.4% 78.0% 74.9% 71.9% 69.1% 66.5% 64.1% 61.9% 59.8% 1089% 96.1% 92.4% 88.8% 85.3% 81.9% 78.8% 75.8% 73.0% 70.4% 68.0% 65.8% 63.7% 1040% 100.0% 96.3% 92.7% 89.2% 85.8% 82.7% 79.7% 76.9% 74.3% 71.9% 69.7% 67.6% 987% 0 100.0% 96.4% 92.9% 89.5% 86.4% 83.4% 80.6% 78.0% 75.6% 73.4% 71.3% 928% 0 0 100.0% 96.5% 93.1% 90.0% 87.0% 84.2% 81.6% 79.2% 77.0% 74.9% 864% 0 0 0 100.0% 96.6% 93.5% 90.5% 87.7% 85.1% 82.7% 80.5% 78.4% 795% 0 0 0 0 100.0% 96.9% 93.9% 91.1% 88.5% 86.1% 83.9% 81.8% 0 0 0 0 0 100.0% 97.0% 94.2% 91.6% 89.2% 87.0% 84.9% 644% 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0% 97.2% 94.6% 92.2% 90.0% 87.9% 562% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0% 97.4% 95.0% 92.8% 90.7% 476% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0% 97.6% 95.4% 93.3% 386% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0% 97.8% 95.7% 294% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0% 97.9% 198% ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table C-2: NonRoad Median Life Table Target Fleet* c c c c c c c c c,P c c c c c, p, r c c, a, p, r c c c c c, r c c,P c, a, p, r c c,P Equipment Pavers Tampers/Rammers Plate Compactors Rollers Scrapers Paving Equipment Surfacing Equipment Signal Boards Trenchers Bore/Drill Rigs Excavators Concrete/Industrial Saws Cement & Mortar Mixers Cranes Graders Off-Highway Trucks Crushing/Proc. Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts Rubber Tire Loaders Rubber Tire Dozers Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Crawler Tractors Skid Steer Loaders Off-Highway Tractors Dumpers/Tenders Other Construction Equipment Median Life HP 0 - 50 5.16 12.64 12.01 5.58 4.64 6.81 7.55 10.87 7.15 12.48 3.88 7.31 21.14 5.87 4.40 2.58 6.09 6.40 5.57 4.71 10.49 4.53 14.55 4.96 21.03 6.99 HP 51 - 300 9.63 23.59 22.42 10.41 8.65 12.72 14.10 20.29 13.34 23.29 7.24 13.64 39.47 10.96 8.22 4.82 11.36 11.95 10.39 8.80 19.58 8.45 27.17 9.25 39.26 13.05 HP 301 - 99999 14.45 35.39 33.63 15.61 12.98 19.07 21.15 30.43 20.01 34.93 10.86 20.46 59.20 16.44 12.33 7.23 17.05 17.92 15.59 13.20 29.37 12.68 40.75 13.88 58.89 19.58 (cont.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page C-3 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table C-2: NonRoad Median Life Table (cont.) Target Fleet* P,r c, p, r c P, r P, r P c a a a a a a a a a a a c,P c,P c,p, r c, p, r c, p, r c, p, r a a Equipment Aerial Lifts Forklifts Sweepers/Scrubbers Other General Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling Equipment AC Refrigeration Terminal Tractors Two-Wheel Tractors Agricultural Tractors Combines Balers Agricultural Mowers Sprayers Tillers > Six HP Swathers Hydro Power Units Other Agricultural Equipment Irrigation Sets Light Commercial Generator Sets Light Commercial Pumps Light Commercial Air Compressors Light Commercial Gas Compressors Light Commercial Welders Light Commercial Pressure Washer Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 Median Life HP 0 - 50 31.00 2.49 4.77 6.62 28.28 4.34 3.37 7.79 8.92 28.25 44.60 11.67 47.08 24.64 38.52 7.36 11.12 7.76 17.20 14.43 7.13 0.68 18.51 40.10 60.53 35.31 HP 51 - 300 57.87 4.65 8.90 12.36 52.79 8.09 6.29 14.54 16.65 52.73 83.26 21.79 87.89 45.99 71.91 13.74 20.76 14.49 32.11 26.93 13.32 1.28 34.56 74.85 113.00 65.92 HP 301 - 99999 86.81 6.98 13.34 18.54 79.18 12.14 9.44 21.81 24.98 79.10 124.89 32.68 131.83 68.98 107.86 20.61 31.14 21.73 48.16 40.39 19.97 1.92 51.84 112.27 169.49 98.87 (cont.) Page C-4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table C-2: NonRoad Median Life Table (cont.) Target Fleet* a P m r r r Equipment Logging Equip Fell/Bunch/Skidders Airport Support Equipment Other Underground Mining Equipment Switch Passenger Line-Haul Median Life HP 0 - 50 3.32 5.79 7.77 26.51 10.17 10.17 HP 51 - 300 6.20 10.81 14.50 49.49 18.98 18.98 HP 301 - 99999 9.30 16.21 21.74 74.23 28.46 28.46 : c = construction; a = agriculture; p = port-related; r = rail. Table C-3: NonRoad Default Scrappage Curve Age Ratio 0.0000 0.0588 0.1694 0.2710 0.3639 0.4486 0.5254 0.5948 0.6570 0.7125 0.7617 0.8049 0.8425 0.8750 0.9027 0.9259 0.9451 Cumulative Percent Scrapped 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 (cont.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page C-5 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table C-3: NonRoad Default Scrappage Curve (cont.) Age Ratio 0.9607 0.9730 0.9824 0.9894 0.9942 0.9973 0.9990 1.0000 1.0010 1.0027 1.0058 1.0106 1.0176 1.0270 1.0393 1.0549 1.0741 1.0973 1.1250 1.1575 1.1951 1.2383 1.2875 1.3430 1.4052 1.4746 1.5514 1.6361 1.7290 1.8306 1.9412 2.0000 Cumulative Percent Scrapped 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.67 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.00 Page C-6 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Appendix D: Locomotive Default Usage Table D-l: Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul, Passenger, and Switch Locomotive Year in Usage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Line-Haul or Passenger 4350 4350 4350 4350 4350 4350 4350 4350 4268 4187 4105 4024 3942 3861 3779 3698 3616 3534 3453 3371 3290 3208 3127 3045 2963 Switch 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 (cont.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page D-l ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table D-l: Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul, Passenger, and Switch Locomotive (cont.) Year in Usage 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Line-Haul or Passenger 2882 2800 2719 2637 2556 2474 2393 2311 2229 2148 2066 1985 1903 1822 1740 Switch 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4450 4383 4317 4250 4183 (cont.) Page D-2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide Table D-l: Annual Activity Hours (Default Usage) for Line-Haul, Passenger, and Switch Locomotive (cont.) Year in Usage 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Line-Haul or Passenger Switch 4116 4050 3983 3916 3849 3783 3716 3649 3582 3516 3449 3382 3315 3249 3182 3115 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Page D-3 ------- Diesel Emissions Quantifier User's Guide [This page intentionally left blank.] Page D-4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ------- |