United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
OSWER Cross-Program Revitalization Measures
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repor
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Universe of OSWER sites and Acres 4
Protective for People Performance Measure (PFP) 7
Ready for Anticipated Use Measure (RAU) 10
Summary and Comparison between FY2008 and FY2009 11
Appendix 1: Defining The Cross-Program Cleanup And Land Revitalization Measures 15
Appendix 2: CPRM Program Specific Results 16
CPRM Results for the Brownfields Program 76
CPRM Results for the Emergency Response and Removal Program 78
CPRM Results for the RCRA Corrective Action Program 78
CPRM Results for the Superfund Program 20
CPRM Results for the Underground Storage Tank Program 22
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
Introduction
Communities today are not only focused on getting sites cleaned up, they also want to have an active role in putting
sites back into productive use. They want to better understand and engage with EPA on cleanup decisions and they
want greater transparency and accountability in the cleanup of sites that affect their lives. Communities are also
interested in a range of contaminated sites, including Superfund, brownfields, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) Corrective Action, federal facility and underground storage tank properties.
This report presents the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response's (OSWER's) FY2009 Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM). The CRPM were developed
to define and communicate how much contaminated or potentially contaminated land OSWER's cleanup and
revitalization programs address and the progress being made to cleanup the sites and where possible enable reuse
at sites overseen by these programs. These measures integrate all of OSWER's cleanup programs and allow us to
express assessment and cleanup progress in terms of acres and sites, providing more integrated and clearly defined
performance reporting. The CPRM is composed of the Universe Indicator (Ul), the Protective for People Under
Current Conditions (PFP) Performance Measure, and the Ready for Anticipated Use (RAU) Performance Measure.
These measures are defined as follows:
Universe Indicator— The number of actual, potentially or previously contaminated sites and associated surface
acres for which OSWER cleanup programs have an oversight role for assessment and/or a response action.
Protective for People (PFP) Performance Measure—The number of acres and sites at which there is no complete
pathway for human exposure to unacceptable levels of contamination based on current site conditions.
Ready for Anticipated Use (RAU) Performance Measure—The number of acres and sites at which: 1) there are
no complete pathways for human exposure to unacceptable levels of contamination based on current site conditions
(PFP), 2) all cleanup goals have been achieved for media that may affect current and reasonably anticipated future
land uses of the acres or sites so that there are no unacceptable risks, and 3) all institutional or other controls
identified as part of the response action to help ensure long-term protections have been put in place.
It is important to note that this information is limited only to the sites for which OSWER has an oversight role for
assessment and/or a response action. As a result, it doesn't address the full universe of all contaminated sites in the
United States.
This report is a deliverable under the Integrated Cleanup Initiative (ICI). Beginning in fiscal year 2010, EPA initiated
a three-year strategy, called the Integrated Cleanup Initiative. The Initiative will identify and implement opportunities
to integrate and leverage the Agency's land cleanup authorities to accelerate cleanups, address a greater number of
contaminated sites, and put these sites back into productive use while protecting human health and the environment.
This report includes case studies providing examples of some of the economic and/or social impacts of OSWER
cleanup programs. In FY2011, OSWER plans to expand this report to include additional information on the impact of
OSWER's programs and accomplishments under the ICI.
EPA Administrator Jackson announced seven key themes to focus the work of EPA. OSWER's work in the
area of cleanup and revitalization complement all seven areas but has an especially thorough relationship
to one of them-cleaning up our communities. Whether through brownfields, the removal program,
remedial sites, federal facility sites and base realignments and closures, leaking underground storage
tanks, or corrective action, much of what we do focuses on making safer, healthier communities.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repc
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UNIVERSE OF OSWER SITES AND ACRES
Contaminated lands can threaten human health and the environment, and potentially hamper economic growth
and the vitality of local communities. Accidents, spills, leaks, and past improper disposal and handling of hazardous
materials and wastes have resulted in tens of thousands of contaminated sites across the U.S. Some of the more
common categories of land contaminants include industrial solvents, petroleum products, metals, residuals from
manufacturing processing, pesticides, and radiological materials, as well as naturally occurring substances.
Sites are categorized in a variety of ways, often based on
the level and type of contamination and the regulations
under which they are monitored and cleaned up. Some
contaminated sites pose little risk to human health and
the environment, because the level of contamination is
low as is the chance of exposure to toxic or hazardous
contaminants. Other contaminated sites are of greater
concern because of the chemicals that may be present
and their propensity to persist in or move through the
environment, exposing humans or the environment to
hazards. These sites must be carefully managed to
prevent contamination from causing harm to humans,
wildlife or ecological systems, both on- and offsite.
EPA's OSWER cleanup programs have an oversight
role for assessment and/or response actions. For the
purposes of this report, the "Universe Indicator" is limited
to the sites and acres for which OSWER's cleanup
programs have an oversight role. There are many
other sites that are tracked only at the state or local
level. The full scope of land in the U.S. that is currently
contaminated and in need of assessment and cleanup is
much larger that what is shown in the OSWER Universe
Indicator. For example, the 2004 GAO Report entitled:
"BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT Stakeholders
Report that EPA's Program Helps to Redevelop Sites,
but Additional Measures Could Complement Agency
Efforts" stated that there were about 450,000 to 1 million
Brownfields. The Brownfields universe in this report,
however, only includes the sites for which EPA provided
assistance. OSWER intends to learn more about the full
universe, but data is not readily available at this time. This
document reports and tracks the OSWER universe to
identify the magnitude of sites and acres under OSWER
purview and to report our progress in reducing exposure,
cleaning up sites, and making these sites ready for reuse.
Naturally, the number of sites and acres tracked in OSWER's Universe Indicator also changes over time as more
sites are identified and/or brought under the jurisdiction of the different programs (e.g., when a property receives
a Brownfields grant). The 2009 Universe is approximately one-half million sites encompassing around 22.3 million
acres of our Nation's land, which translates into 21 percent of all developed land in the U.S1.
Table 1 presents the Universe of CPRM sites cumulative through the end of FY2009.
Marina District Redevelopment,
Toledo, Ohio
The Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority is in the
process of redeveloping the 120-acre Marina District
brownfield on the east bank of the Maumee River,
directly across from downtown Toledo. Plans for
this former power plant site include the construction
of Riverside Park, featuring a pedestrian-friendly
river walk, an amphitheater, five rain gardens
for managing storm water, and residential and
commercial components. Park redevelopment
began in the summer of 2009 and is ongoing.
Developed land accounts for 102.5 million acres or 5 percent of total land in the U.S. EPA's 2008 Report on the Environment.
Chapter 4 - Exhibit 4-2, www.epa.gov/roe
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
American Samoa
On September 29, 2009, EPA's Emergency
Operations Center was activated in response
to an earthquake-generated tsunami that hit
American Samoa earlier that day. Within 24 hours
of the tsunami, an EPAOn-Scene Coordinator
had arrived in American Samoa, assessed the
situation, and formed a hazardous materials
team. During the three-week response, this team
collected approximately 50 drums of hazardous
chemicals, 165 car and boat batteries, 20 gallons
of acids, 300 gallons of paint-related wastes,
50 compressed gas tanks and cylinders, and
numerous containers of miscellaneous wastes.
EPA also met with individual villages to provide
tailored advice on safe HAZMAT collection.
Table 1: OSWER CPRM Universe as of FY2009
Program
Brownfields
RCRA
Corrective
Action facilities
Superfund
Leaking
Underground
Storage Tanks
Total
Sites
6,684
3,746
1,727
488,496
500,653
Acres
55,541
17,961,683
3,867,434
488,496
22,373,754
Description of Sites
Brownfields are real property where expansion, redevelopment, or reuse
may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous
substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Brownfields are often found in and
around economically depressed neighborhoods.
Commercial, industrial and federal facilities that treat, store, or dispose of
hazardous wastes are required to clean up contamination under the RCRA
Corrective Action (CA) Program.
These sites are seriously contaminated and include industrial facilities, waste
management sites, mining and sediment sites, and federal facilities. This
universe includes some sites that are not on the National Priorities List (NPL).
Businesses, industrial operations, gas stations and various institutions
store petroleum and hazardous substances in large underground
storage tanks that may leak due to faulty materials, installation, operating
procedures, or maintenance systems, causing contamination of soil and
ground water. For the purpose of the CPRM Universe, one site = one acre.
In addition to the programs identified in the above chart, OSWER also conducts emergency response activities
and removals to address contamination that results from naturally occurring substances, accidental spills, and
other unanticipated events. The understanding of "universe" is that it points to a specific list of sites and in need of
assessment and/or a response action. The Emergency Response and Removal Program does not have a "universe"
of emergencies to work from; therefore removals are not included in the universe of sites, but are later included under
the Protective for People (PFP) measure.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repor
Protective for People Performance Measure (PFP)
STARTING
CLEANUPS
ADVANCING
CLEANUPS
COMPLETING
CLEANUPS
REUSING
SITES
Environmental assessment and cleanup of sites may be done by EPA, other federal agencies, states, municipalities,
tribes, or the company or party responsible for the contamination. EPA and its state and territorial partners have
developed a variety of cleanup and revitalization programs aimed at promoting these activities.
EPA prioritizes sites for cleanup using information from initial investigations that shows which sites may pose threats
to human health or the environment. The focus is to protect people from the most contaminated lands and to clean
up these sites to a standard that is protective and that state, local or tribal governments and communities deem
appropriate based on anticipated future use of the individual sites. A key component of EPA's cleanup programs is
to reduce or eliminate exposures to contaminated soil, groundwater, sediments, and other forms of contamination by
removing exposure pathways such as inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. EPA and partner agencies work to
contain possible routes for exposure as soon as possible, so that sites are Protective for People (PFP).
During the assessment and cleanup process, when a potential pathway for exposure (air, water, or soil) is identified,
a process is normally initiated for the pathway to be minimized or eliminated. For the RCRA Corrective Action and
Superfund programs, EPA or authorized state regulators assess contaminated media, exposure pathways, risks from
contaminants where exposure to those contaminants exist, and the significance of those risks. If no significant human
health risks are present, a PFP determination is made. If significant human health risks are or may be present, EPA
works with facilities to choose site-specific controls (e.g., fencing, caps, containment walls) and cleanup activities
(e.g., excavation, groundwater treatment) necessary to remove the risks and achieve PFP. The PFP Performance
Measure is a particularly useful interim milestone for large and/or complex sites. In these areas, significant strides
have been made in stabilizing exposures, while longer-term cleanup objectives are pursued.
Honeywell International/Allied Signal site, Baltimore, Maryland
Located on the waterfront near Baltimore's Inner Harbor, this 18-
acre site was used for chemical production for decades, before
closing in 1985. Contamination has been monitored and cleaned
up under RCRA guidelines. In early 2003 EPA, the MD Dept. of
the Environment and a developer negotiated a liability protection
agreement, allowing redevelopment to proceed. Current plans for
the property call for a signature waterfront public building, two office
buildings, an apartment and condominium building, retail stores,
restaurants, parking, and a waterfront park. Construction began in
late Fall 2007 and is expected to be complete in 2017.
A good example is the EPA response to emergencies brought on by accidents and natural disasters. Assessment is
part of the immediate response, and where removal of contaminated soils and materials is required, this occurs within
the initial phase of the response in order to render the site PFP. Although additional cleanup work remains, known
pathways of exposure have been controlled at PFP sites. Consequently, PFP sites pose a significantly reduced risk to
communities compared to sites that have not yet attained PFP.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
Since the cleanup timeframe for the Brownfields and Underground Storage Tank programs is usually not as long as it
is for the Superfund or Corrective Action programs, PFP for Brownfields and Tanks is considered a final measure. It is
reported when the cleanup is complete or assessment is complete if cleanup is not required2. Therefore, the numbers
each of these programs report for sites and acres PFP and RAU will be the same.
Table 2 presents the PFP results cumulative through the end of FY2009.
Meriden Deli Mart site, Plainfield, New Hampshire
The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (DES)
used FY 2009 Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust
Funds to clean up a foreclosed underground storage tank site and
return it to productive use in Plainfield, a town of approximately
2,250 residents in southeastern New Hampshire. Given the site's
prime downtown location, cleanup and reuse of this property was
considered a high priority. DES removed three underground storage
tanks from this site as part of assessment and cleanup activities, and
expedited the approval of replacement tank design. The property's
new business, the Meriden Deli Mart, opened in October 2009.
Table 2: OSWER Sites and Acres Protective for People as of FY2009
Program
Brownfields
Emergency Response and
Removal3
RCRA Corrective Action4
Superfund
Leaking USTs6
Total
PFP
Sites
1,287
335
2,444
1,370
388,331
393,767
/Acres
11,820
389,370
10,463,958
1,708,571 =
388,331
72,962,050
2 For accounting purposes, in the case of underground storage tanks, states report a site where no further action is determined after assessment,
as both a cleanup initiated and a cleanup completed.
3 This is the FY2009 annual result because FY09 is the first year that the program tracked acreage.
4 In 2009, the RCRA CA program shifted to the larger 2020 universe. OSWER has not collected acres information for 11 facilities in this universe,
thus this number is expected to be an under-estimate of the number of acres.
5 In addition to counting acres associated with sites which are entirely PFP, the Superfund program also includes acres associated with a portion
of a site that meets the definition of PFP. Therefore, the numbers of acres PFP includes acres from more than the 1,370 Sites PFP Universe.
6 For the purpose of CPRM Universe, one site = one acre, and one cleanup completed = one PFP acre = one RAU acre.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repor
Ready for Anticipated Use (RAU) Performance Measure
STARTING
CLEANUPS
ADVANCING
CLEANUPS
REUSING
During the cleanup process, EPA considers the future use or reuse of the site to help ensure that the land will remain
protective for continued use/reuse over the long term.
The Ready for Anticipated Use (RAU) performance measure is a longer term measure that describes when cleanup
goals—for media that may affect current and reasonably anticipated future use—are achieved and any needed land
or water use controls (i.e., institutional or other controls) have been put in place. In order to be RAU, the site also
has to be PFP. At present, thousands of acres of land are assessed and/or cleaned up and determined protective for
current and reasonably anticipated future uses. As a result, hundreds of communities have reclaimed properties for
ecological, recreational, commercial, residential and other productive purposes.
Table 3 presents the RAU results cumulative through the end of FY2009.
Table 3: OSWER Sites and Acres Ready for Anticipated Use as of FY2009
Program
Brownfields
RCRA Corrective Action7
Superfund8
Leaking USTs9
Total
RAU
Sites
1,287
447
409
388,331
390,474
/Acres
11,820
228,738
450,005
388,331
7,078,894
7 In 2009, the RCRA CA program shifted to the larger 2020 universe. OSWER has not collected acres information for 11 facilities in this universe,
thus this number is expected to be an under-estimate.
8 The Superfund program measures the number of sites which are ready for anticipated use sitewide, often referred to as Sitewide Ready for
Anticipated Use (SWRAU). Once all operable units (OUs) or parcels have been designated as RAU at a specific site, and the site is on the
National Priority List (NPL) and Construction Complete, the site meets the criteria for becoming SWRAU. The term "RAU Sites" in this report
represents only that subset of sites and is the same as the Superfund Program's GPRA SWRAU accomplishment.
9 A limitation in applying the RAU measure to UST sites is the UST Program's inability at this point in time to identify whether any institutional
controls, if needed, are in place. OSWER recognizes this limitation as an inconsistency with the general guidance for the RAU measure
described in the definitions of the RAU. For the purpose of CPRM Universe, one site = one acre, and one cleanup completed = one PFP acre =
one RAU acre.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repo
Summary and Comparison between FY2008 and FY2009
EPA's OSWER cleanup programs have an oversight role for assessment and/or response actions at more than one-
half million sites encompassing approximately 22.3 million acres of our Nation's land, which translates into 21 percent
of all developed land in the U.S10. From FY2008 - FY2009 the number of sites in the Universe increased by 2.4
percent and acres increased by 53.6 percent. This significant increase in acres was primarily due to the expansion of
the RCRA Corrective Action Universe, which added 1,778 sites and 7,774,475 corresponding acres.
Close to 400,000 sites and 13 million acres where OSWER has an oversight role have been determined to be
Protective for People (PFP) under current conditions. This represents approximately 79 percent of all sites in the
CPRM Universe and about 58 percent of the acreage in the CPRM Universe. From FY2008 - FY2009, the number of
sites PFP increased by 3.3 percent and acreage increased by 7.7 percent. However, due to the significant number of
acres added to the universe the percent of acres PFP decreased by 25 percent.
The CPRM data also indicate that approximately 390,000 or about 78 percent of all sites are Ready for Anticipated
future uses (RAU), and more than one million acres have reached a RAU determination, which is close to 5 percent
of the total CPRM Universe. From FY2008 - FY2009, the number of sites RAU increased by 3.1 percent and acreage
increased by 17.6 percent. However, due to the significant number of acres added to the Universe, the percent of
acres RAU decreased by 1 percent.
Graphs 1 and 2 compare CPRM results for FY 2008 and FY 2009.
Graphs 1 and 2
CPRM Summary and Comparison Graphs
Universe FY2008 and FY2009 Sites
(Percent % of Universe)
U FY2008
D FY2009
500,653
600,000 -
cnn nfifi -
3UU,UUU
400,000 -
.| 300,000
200,000
100,000 -
o -I
488,907
I I
_
393,767
(79%)
381,334
(78%)
390,474
(78%)
378,579
(77%)
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP)
Use (RAU)
Developed land accounts for 102.5 million acres or 5 percent of total land in the U.S. EPA's 2008 Report on the Environment.
Chapter 4 - Exhibit 4-2, www.epa.gov/roe
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repc
Universe FY2008 and FY2009 Acres
(Percent % of Universe)
22,373,154
25,000,000
20,000,000
„ 15,000,000 -
s
&
10,000,000 -
5,000,000 -
I —
0 FY2008
Q FY2009
12,962,050
(5
12,031,309
(83%)
•
~~
Oi\
I
1,078,894
(5%)
917,145
(6%)
0 -I • • 1 • • • 1 • • • 1
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP)
Use (RAU)
There are multiple economic and social impacts that could be found from the activities reported in this document.
Land is a resource to communities. Cleaning up land, so that it can be put to productive use, be it commercial,
industrial, residential, recreational, greenspace or other, provides many benefits to the community. If a property is
cleaned up and revitalized, the reuse may result in new income to the community in the form or taxes, jobs to local
residents, or it may provide recreational or other services to make the community a better place to live. Lastly, reusing
contaminated property often means that greenspace is not developed, thus preserving our greenspace.
The Brownfields Program creates many benefits for local communities in addition to the immediate environmental
benefits of assessing and cleaning contaminated sites. For example, Brownfields Projects have leveraged $17.39
per EPA dollar expended and leveraged 66,210 jobs nationwide. Similarly, stormwater run off from Brownfields
redevelopment is 47 to 62 percent lower than alternative greenfields scenarios; Brownfields redevelopment can
increase residential property values two to three percent when nearby Brownfields are addressed and can lead to a
reduction in crime as properties are redeveloped.
Through the Superfund Redevelopment Program, EPA helps communities return some of the Nation's worst
hazardous waste sites to safe and productive uses. In addition to cleaning up these Superfund sites and making
them protective of human health and the environment, the Agency is working with communities and other partners in
considering future use opportunities and integrating appropriate reuse options into the cleanup process. The Agency
is working with communities at sites that have already been cleaned up to ensure long-term stewardship of site
remedies and promote reuse. Through the Superfund Job Training Initiative (SuperJTI), approximately 300 trainees
nationwide have successfully completed the program. Approximately 80 percent of the trainees have been placed into
jobs and maintained employment for at least a year.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
Eastland Woolen Mill, Corinna, Maine
This 21-acre, former mill property operated from 1909 to 1996; the
site was added to the NPL in 1999. Through close collaboration
with town representatives, EPA involved the local community
throughout the planning and implementation stages of both cleanup
and redevelopment. Cleanup activities included connecting site
infrastructure to municipal water lines, soil excavation and treatment,
and installation of a groundwater pump-and-treat system. Today,
a 20-unit senior housing facility is located on a portion of the site.
Additional redevelopment included newgreenspace and a public
bandstand, projects that were completed in 2008.
Fort Ord, Marina, California
This 2,000-acre military base operated from 1917-1994, until closing under the Base Realignment and Closure
Act (BRAC). In 2009, a 979-acre portion of the site overlooking California's Monterey Bay opened as Fort Ord
Dunes State Park. Once the site of rifle ranges, this park now features a boardwalk, a path to the beach, a four-
mile road for walking and biking, and interpretive exhibits describing its former use as a military training area.
The dunes now provide nesting area for the threatened Western Snowy Plover shorebird.
The Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) addresses negative environmental impacts associated with soil
and groundwater contamination as part of its cleanup efforts. Even a small amount of petroleum released from an
underground storage tank can contaminate groundwater, the drinking water source for nearly half of all Americans.
In surveys of state water programs, 39 states and territories identified underground storage tanks as a major source
of groundwater contamination11. Underground storage tank releases are often found at gas stations, which are
numerous and widely dispersed throughout communities. Addressing contamination at these sites will make them
more attractive for reuse, which offers economic and aesthetic benefits to their surrounding communities.
In FY2009, the Emergency Response and Removal Program completed 368 emergency response and removals,
(ERRs), avoiding an estimated 1,900,000 human exposures to hazardous substances, which means that
approximately 13,500 human exposures were avoided per every $1 million of extramural funding.
In summary, the CPRM report provides some insight into the status of cleanup and the nature of the work remaining
to clean up and revitalize the Nation's contaminated and potentially contaminated land. EPA and its partners have
made significant strides in ensuring that these lands are protective for use now and in the foreseeable future. To
date, hundreds of thousands of acres of land have been assessed and/or cleaned up and determined protective
for current and reasonably anticipated future uses; and hundreds of communities have reclaimed previously
contaminated properties for ecological, recreational, commercial, residential and other productive purposes. However,
millions of acres and thousands of properties remain in the Universe of sites that have yet to achieve the PFP
and RAU milestones. OSWER expects this Universe to increase in the future as new properties receive cleanup
funding through the Brownfields Program, and as additional properties enter the RCRA Corrective Action, Leaking
Underground Storage Tank and Superfund programs. OSWER's cleanup and revitalization programs will continue to
address these issues, and it is anticipated that the cross-program revitalization measures will continue to inform the
public about these challenges and the progress being made on behalf of their communities. It is OSWER's intention
to enhance this information in the FY 2011 CPRM Report.
EPA, National Water Quality Inventory: 2000 Report, pg 50-52, vmw.epa.gov/305b/2000report/chp6.pdf.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repor
Appendix 1: Defining The Cross-Program Cleanup And Land
Revitalization Measures
CPRMs are composed of the Universe Indicator (Ul), Protective for People Under Current Conditions (PFP)
Performance Measure, and Ready for Anticipated Use (RAU) Performance Measure.
This report presents the data results through FY09 for the Universe Indicator, Protective for People (PFP) and Ready
for Anticipated Use (RAU) performance measures. These measures are defined as follows:
Universe Indicator- The number of actual, potentially or previously contaminated sites and associated surface acres
for which OSWER cleanup programs have an oversight role for assessment and/or response actions.
Protective for People (PFP) Performance Measure - The number of acres and sites at which there is no complete
pathway for human exposure to unacceptable levels of contamination based on current site conditions.
Ready for Anticipated Use (RAU) Performance Measure - The number of acres and sites at which: 1) there is no
complete pathway for human exposures to unacceptable levels of contamination based on current site conditions
(PFP), 2) all cleanup goals have been achieved for media that may affect current and reasonably anticipated future
land uses of the acres or sites so that there are no unacceptable risks, and 3) all institutional or other controls
identified as part of the response action to help ensure long-term protections have been put in place.
In order to consistently communicate OSWER revitalization efforts across the cleanup programs, "acre" and "site"
were identified as the units of measure to be used to quantify these efforts. Historically, EPA tracked a variety of
metrics for sites or releases at sites, but did not account for the considerable variability in site size possible across
EPA cleanup programs. Using acres-based performance measures can help demonstrate incremental progress at
portions of a site that may result in faster return of portions of a site to communities for beneficial uses or reuses. This
standardized unit of measure also provides the homogeneity needed to evaluate the progress made by all of EPA's
cleanup programs.
The CPRM Interim Guidance contains additional information, detailed definitions of the indicators and performance
measures, and the methodologies supporting the CPRM effort. More detailed information regarding program-specific
approaches for implementing CPRM measures is presented in the guidance developed by the Superfund and Federal
Facilities Response12 and RCRA Corrective Action13 programs.
OSWER also developed two voluntary indicators that can be used to describe the status and type of land use
associated with sites overseen by the cleanup and revitalization programs to include all the aspects involved in
this effort. Currently, these indicators are not reported on an annual basis: Status of Use Indictor and Type of Use
Indicator. The definitions of these two additional measures are as follows:
Optional Status of Use Indicator: Refers to how the acres at a site subject to the Universe Indicator are being used
at the point in time when the determination is made. The Status of Use Indicator has the following sub-indicators:
Continued Use; Reused; Planned Reuse; and Unused.
Optional Type of Use Indicator: Describes how the acres at a site are being used at the point in time when the
determination is made. Reporting of cross program type of use information would rely on the following six primary
categories: Commercial and Public Service, Green Space (agricultural, recreational, ecological), Industrial, Military
and Other Federal, Mixed, and Residential.
" "Guidance for Documenting and Reporting Performance in Achieving Land Revitalization, The Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology
Innovation (OSRTI) and Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO)," OSWER 9200.1-74 (www.epa.gov/fedfac/sf_ff_final_cprm_
guidance.pdf).
13 "Guidance for Documenting and Reporting RCRA Subtitle C Corrective Action Land Revitalization Indicators and Performance Measures" (www.
epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/resource/guidance/brfields/lr_guid.pdf).
»
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
Appendix 2: CPRM Program Specific Results
This section presents the number of sites and acres for each of EPA's five cleanup programs. Details about each
program's CPRM data collection, reporting and their results are offered. The data presented herein represent
the CPRM accomplishments as of end-of-year FY 2009. Each OSWER program is responsible for collecting and
maintaining its own information for the CPRM effort. OSWER then compiles the data across the programs to present
an integrated OSWER-wide report. Each program developed guidance to measure sites and acres.14
CPRM Results for the Brownfields Program
Brownfields are real property, the expansion, redevelopment or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence
or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant. The passage of the Brownfields Law that
amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in 2002 provided
guidance on criteria for grants to be awarded to communities to address brownfields. The purpose of the grants is to
provide seed funding and technical assistance to communities to identify, assess and clean up properties. Every year,
the CPRM Universe of brownfields that benefit from EPA funding increases as the program awards new grants to
assess and clean up properties.
Graphs 3 and 4 illustrate the CPRM-related accomplishments of the Brownfields Program. For this program, PFP is
not treated as an interim accomplishment; rather, when a property is designated as Ready for Reuse, it is determined
to be RAU and PFP for CPRM purposes as outlined in the CPRM Interim Guidance. With a total Universe of 6,684
sites and 55,541 acres, approximately 19 percent of the sites and 21 percent of the acres are considered PFP and
RAU.
Program-specific guidance for the PFP and RAU measures can be found in Appendix A of the Interim Guidance document. Likewise, guidance
for estimating acreage can be found in: www.epa.qov/oswer/landrevitalization/measureresources.htm.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repc
Graphs 3 and 4
CPRM Graphs for the Brownfields Program
FY2008 and FY2009 Sites
(Percent % of Universe)
6,000
5,000
„, 4,000 -
9
£ 3,000
2,000 -
1,000
0
5,413
|
6,684
n FY2Q08
D FY2009
1287 1287
(19%) (19%)
987 987
(18%) (18%)
r m
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP) Use (RAU)
FY2008 and FY2009 Acres
(Percent % of Universe)
60,000 ~
50,000
40,000
5 30,000
20,000
10,000
o -
55,541
50,712 [
B FY2008
DFY2009
11,820 11,820
(21%) (21%)
9,160 9,160
(18%) (18%)
™ w_
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP) Use (RAU)
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
CPRM Results for the Emergency Response and Removal Program
OSWER is responsible for responding to the release of oil and hazardous substances where state and local first
responder capabilities were exceeded or where additional support is needed. For the purpose of reporting the
CPRMs, the Emergency Response and Removal Program reports the PFP measure, but not the RAU measure.
OSWER's main focus on responding to these releases is to remove the immediate threat in order to protect human
health and the environment. The first year that this office had complete yearly PFP data was in 2009. It may not
be possible to establish a past Universe of sites since the program does not revisit sites where the emergency has
been addressed. As noted in Table 1, given the specific role of this office and the fact that they started collecting this
type of data at the end of 2008 (FY2009), the Universe data is not available and the RAU data do not apply to them.
Additionally, a graph comparing FYs 2008 and 2009 cannot be provided as FY2009 is the baseline for the Program.
CPRM Results for the RCRA Corrective Action Program
The RCRA Corrective Action (CA) Program, run by EPA and 43 authorized states and territories, compels responsible
parties to investigate and cleanup hazardous releases. The Universe currently being reported for the RCRA cleanup
program is the corrective action Government Performance and Results Act GPRA 2020 Universe. In earlier years,
EPA set a goal of controlling current unacceptable risks to human health at sites that presented the greatest risks.
This priority of addressing the greatest risk sites first is reflected in the large number of sites and acres that have
already achieved PFP. In 2009, EPA included approximately 1,800 additional CA sites in the CA2020 goals15. EPA is
working toward the 2020 goal of implementing final remedies16 at all facilities requiring corrective action.
Graphs 5 and 6 reflect reporting through FY2009. From a Universe of approximately 3,746 sites and almost 18
million acres, about 65 percent of sites and 58 percent of acres are Protective for People. Likewise, about 12 percent
of sites and over one percent of acres are Ready for Anticipated Use, reflecting the program's focus on controlling the
greatest risks before pursuing final remedies. The majority of the acres included under RCRA Corrective Action are
located on federal facilities.
15 These sites are believed to be lower risk and are often being addressed at the State level. Moreover, many have not had "human exposure
under controI'VPFP reviews completed. This does not mean there is necessarily human exposure at these sites, since many have exposures
under control. It means that these sites have not recently been evaluated for and documented as having met the PFP criteria.
16 See www.epa.aov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/backgnd.htm# 11 for a brief definition of a "final remedy."
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repc
Graphs 5 and 6
CPRM Graph for the RCRA Corrective Action Program
FY2008 and FY2009 Sites
(Percent % of Universe)
n FY2008
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
.1 2,000 -
u>
1,500 -
1,000 -
500 -
3.746 D FY2009
2,444
(65%)
1,893
(96%)
447
(12%)
230
(12%)
0 iii
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP) Use (RAU)
FY2008 and FY2009 Acres
(Percent % of Universe)
18,000,000 -
16,000,000
14,000,000 ~
12,000,000 ~
» 10,000,000
of
s
** 8,000,000
6,000,000 -
4,000,000
2,000,000
o -
r
10,187,21
,961,683
'
n FY2008
D FY2009
10,463,958
(5!
9,938,942
(98%) 1 —
|
%j
228,738
(1%)
97,880
(1%)
. 1 1
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP)
Use (RAU)
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
CPRM Results for the Superfund Program
The Superfund Program addresses the most seriously contaminated hazardous waste sites in the country. Superfund
also provides technical assistance and oversight at federal sites where work consists of two core components: the
Superfund Federal Facilities Response Program and the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Program.
From a Universe of 1,727 sites and almost 4 million acres, 79 percent of the sites and 44 percent of acres are
Protective for People and almost 24 percent of the sites and 12 percent of the acres are Ready for Anticipated Use17.
Note that the federal facilities Universe also includes sites and acreage for which a Finding of Suitability for Lease
(FOSL) or a Finding of Suitability for Transfer (FOST) will apply. Some FOSL/FOST acreage cannot be considered
PFP or RAU. Graphs 7 and 8 reflect reporting through FY 2009 and also as compared to end of year FY 2008.
It is also important to indicate that the FY 2008 CPRM report included one large site which counted land areas
overlying a groundwater plume that were not intended to be assessed. That site should have been excluded from the
Universe. However, the 2008 report did not include acres that were RAU in the PFP acreage total, which resulted in
an understatement of total PFP acres for 2008 (by definition, acres that are RAU are also PFP). The corrected data
for 2008 reflected in Graphs 7 and 8 should be: CPRM Universe: 1,709 sites and 3,847,197 acres; PFP: 1,350 sites
and 1,705,967 acres; and RAU: 343 sites and 433,086 acres.
1 The Superfund Program has a unique GPRA metric which measures the number of sites which are ready for anticipated use sitewide, often
referred to as Sitewide Ready for Anticipated Use (SWRAU). Once all OUs or parcels have been designated as RAU at a specific site, and
the site is an NPL site which is already Construction Complete, the site would meet the criteria for becoming SWRAU. The 409 RAU sites
reported in this report represent only the Superfund Program's GPRA SWRAU accomplishment. It is important to note that there are non-NPL
sites at which all acres are RAU, but do not meet this measure due to their NPL status. Those sites are not counted as part of the 409. Thus,
Superfund CPRM sites data do not include non-NPL sites, but RAU data include NPL as well as non-NPL acres.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repc
Graphs 7 and 8
CPRM for the Superfund Program
FY2008 and FY2009 Sites
(Percent % of Universe)
2,000 -|
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
.1 1,000
tn
800
600
400
200
0
1,727
1,709 '
m
1,370
(79%)
1,350
(79%)
409
(24%)
343
(20%)
\*» "J |
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP) Use (RAU)
D FY2008
D FY2009
FY2008 and FY2009 Acres
(Percent % of Universe)
4,500,000 -
4,000,000
3,500,000 -
3,000,000
8 2,500,000
4 2,000,000 -
1,500,000
1,000,000 -
500,000
0
3,867,434 °™m
DFY2009
3,847,197
H
1,708,571
(44%)
1,705,967
(44%)
1 (12%)
433,086
(11%)
H
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP) Use (RAU)
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Report
CPRM Results for the Underground Storage Tank Program
OSWER works with states and tribes to regulate and clean up leaking underground storage tanks. While the vast
majority of these tanks are located on sites with relatively small acreage, the large total number of OUST sites
demonstrates that collectively, these sites represent a significant amount of land. For the purpose of the CPRM, one
confirmed LIST release is measured as one site and one acre for the Universe Indicator.
Based on these assumptions, with a total Universe of almost 490,000 sites and acres, approximately 79 percent of
OUST sites and acres are considered PFP and RAU18. Graphs 9 and 10 reflect reporting through FY 2009 and also
as compared to the end of year FY 2008.
18 The decision to equate each LUST cleanup to one acre was reached through a combination of industry data, as well as consultation with state
and regional program managers.
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Cross-Program Revitalization Measures (CPRM) Repc
Graphs 9 and 10
CPRM Results for the Underground Storage Tank Program
FY2008 and FY2009 Sites
(Percent % of Universe)
500,000 -
450,000 -
400,000
350,000
300,000 -
.1 250,000 -
200,000 '
150,000
100,000
50,000 -
o -
479,817
•
48i
,496
388,331
(79
377,019
("%)
%)
377,019
(79%)
388
(7
,331
)%)
n FY2008
DFY2009
Overall CPRM Universe Protective for People Ready for Anticipated
(PFP) Use (RAU)
FY2008 and FY2009 Acres
(Percent % of Universe)
600,000
500,000 '
400,000
&
o 300,000
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United States
Environmental Protection
i Agency
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