December 1996
EPA 747-R-96-011
FINAL REPORT
ADJUSTMENTS TO THE
HUD NATIONAL SURVEY DUST DATA
FOR SECTION 403 ANALYSES
Prepared By
Battelle Memorial Institute
and
Midwest Research Institute
for
Technical Programs Branch
Chemical Management Division
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Washington, DC 20460
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DISCLAIMER
The material in this document has been subject to Agency technical and policy review
and approved for publication as an EPA report. Mention of trade names, products,
or services does not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying, official EPA
approval, endorsement, or recommendation.
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AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS
This study was funded and managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The
study was conducted by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Midwest Research Institute was issued a subcontract by Battelle to perform the
laboratory experiments necessary for the study. Each organization's responsibilities are listed below.
Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle)
Battelle was responsible for designing and conducting the study, managing the work
performed by Midwest Research Institute, performing statistical analyses on the study data,
developing the conclusions and recommendations derived from the analyses, applying correction
factors to the HUD National Survey data, and writing the final report.
Midwest Research Institute (MRI)
MRI was responsible for designing and conducting the laboratory experiments performed as
part of the study, performing statistical analyses on the study data, and writing Appendix A of the
final report.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
EPA was responsible for managing the study, providing guidance on the objectives for the
study and report, contributing to the development of conclusions and recommendations, and
coordinating the EPA and peer reviews of the draft report. The work was done under the direction
of Janet Remmers and Bradley Schultz. The EPA Project Officer was Sineta Wooten.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PEER REVIEW 1
2.0 EFFECT OF LOW TAP WEIGHTS ON DUST-LEAD CONCENTRATIONS 2
2.1 Why Dust-Lead Concentrations May Be Biased 3
2.2 Statistical Assessment of Low Tap Weight Samples 4
2.3 Laboratory Assessment of Low Tap Weight Samples 13
2.4 Correcting the Bias in Dust-Lead Concentration 14
3.0 WIPE SAMPLES IN HUD NATIONAL SURVEY 16
4.0 DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, AND CONCLUSIONS 24
5.0 REFERENCES 28
APPENDIX A A-1
APPENDIX B B-1
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Floor Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey 6
Table 2. Window Sill Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight
for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey 7
Table 3. Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap
Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey 8
Table 4. Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead
Loadings by Tap Weight For the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National
Survey 9
Table 5. Results of Outlier Analysis 12
Table 6. Test Matrix for Laboratory Experiments 14
Table 7. Floor Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected for Bias and Dust-Lead Loadings
by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey ... 17
Table 8. Window Sill Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected for Bias and Dust-Lead
Loadings by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the
HUD National Survey 18
Table 9. Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected for Bias and Dust-Lead
Loadings by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD
National Survey 19
Table 10. Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected
for Bias and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned
Houses in the HUD National Survey 20
Table 11. Distribution of Wipe Samples Taken in the HUD National Survey 21
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for Samples with Tap
Weight Equal to 0.1 mg 10
Figure 2. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for Samples with Tap
Weights Greater than 0.1 mg and Less than 5 mg 10
Figure 3. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for Samples with Tap
Weights Greater than or Equal to 5 mg and Less than 10 mg 11
Figure 4. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for Samples with Tap
Weights Greater than or Equal 10 mg 11
Figure 5. Ratio of Total Weight of Dust Divided by Tap Weight Plotted Against Tap Weight
and Overlaid with Fitted Regression Model 15
Figure 6. Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weight Equal to 0.1 mg 22
Figure 7. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weights Greater than 0.1 mg and Less than 5 mg 22
Figure 8. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weights Greater than or Equal to 5 mg and less than 10 mg. ... 23
Figure 9. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weights Greater than or Equal to 10 mg 23
Figure 10. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
all Samples 24
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Risk Assessment, Economic Analyses, and Regulatory Impact Analyses being
conducted to support the rulemaking for Section 403 of Title IV of the Toxic Substance Control
Act all require information on environmental-lead levels in the national housing stock. The HUD
National Survey is the primary source of data for these environmental-lead levels. During the
course of the rulemaking, an issue was raised concerning the quality of the dust samples collected
in the HUD National Survey: in particular, the effect of low tap weights on measured dust-lead
concentrations.
Most of the dust samples in the HUD National Survey were collected using the Blue
Nozzle vacuum. The Blue Nozzle vacuum collects dust in a plastic cassette containing a piece of
cellulose fiber filter paper to capture the dust. In the HUD National Survey, only the weight of
the dust that was tapped out of the cassette, referred to herein as tap weight, was determined.
However, subsequent chemical analyses determined the amount of lead for both the dust tapped
out of the cassette and residual dust in the filter cassette. Dust-lead concentration was then
computed as the total amount of lead divided by the tap weight. Reported dust-lead
concentrations will be biased if the tap weight substantially underestimates the combined weight
of the dust tapped out of the cassette and residual dust remaining in the filter cassette. This bias,
if present, will generally result in higher lead concentrations for samples with lower tap weights
compared to samples with higher tap weights.
A statistical analysis of the dust sample data collected from the 284 privately-owned
residences in the HUD National Survey was performed to investigate possible differences in dust-
lead concentrations as a function of the tap weight. Descriptive analyses of the lead
concentrations indicated that the dust-lead concentrations reported in the HUD National Survey
increased with decreased tap weight. The trend may be due to a bias.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to generate a database for understanding and
addressing the possible bias in dust-lead concentration computed via tap weight in the HUD
National Survey. A regression model, developed for correcting the bias, was fitted to the
laboratory data. Dust-lead concentrations reported in the HUD National Survey were then
adjusted using correction factors predicted by the regression model. The regression model
in
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removed the trend of dust-lead concentrations increasing with decreasing tap weight.
For purposes of analyses conducted to support Section 403, the correction was applied
only to dust samples with tap weights greater than or equal to 0.7 mg. This limitation was
required because tap weights in the dataset used to develop the regression model were all greater
than or equal to 0.7 mg. Therefore, the correction factor predicted by the regression model may
over-correct dust-lead concentrations for samples with tap weights less than 0.7 mg. For the
purposes of analyses conducted to support Section 403, dust-lead concentrations of dust samples
with tap weights less than 0.7 mg were excluded from the analysis of dust-lead concentrations.
This decision applied only to the lead concentrations and not the lead loadings of these samples.
IV
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Section 403 of Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), as amended in
Title X, the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act, will set standards (condition and
location of lead-based paint, ranges of lead in dust and soil) against which to compare a residential
environment when evaluating the presence and magnitude of lead-based paint hazards. The Risk
Assessment, Economic Analyses, and Regulatory Impact Analyses being conducted for this rule
all require information on environmental-lead levels in the national housing stock. The HUD
National Survey [1, 2] is the primary source of data for these environmental-lead levels.
Conducted in 1989-1990, the HUD National Survey collected data on lead levels in paint, dust,
and soil from 284 privately-owned and 97 publicly-owned occupied housing units. The units
were selected via a statistically-based sampling design to represent the national housing stock built
prior to 1980.
During the course of the analyses to support Section 403 rulemaking, an issue was raised
concerning the quality of the dust samples collected in the HUD National Survey: in particular,
the effect of low tap weights on measured dust-lead concentrations. In addition, it was noted that
a few dust samples were collected using wipes instead of the planned vacuum method. This
report documents an assessment of these two items. The assessment involved only dust samples
collected from entryways, dry rooms, and wet rooms in the 284 privately-owned residences
sampled in the HUD National Survey.
Section 2 discusses the effect of low tap weights on lead concentrations for dust samples
collected in the HUD National Survey. The identification of dust samples collected with wipes is
addressed in Section 3. An evaluation of these two items on the Section 403 Risk Assessment
and recommendations for resolving them are presented in Section 4.
1.1 PEER REVIEW
The technical report on this study was reviewed independently by members of a peer
review panel. The majority of comments received were either informational and required no
changes, or were editorial in nature. The following paragraphs summarize the remainder of the
comments and how they were addressed.
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One reviewer suggested that the reversed weight ratio (the weight of the tapped-out dust
over the weight of total dust) should be used to correct the bias rather than weight ratio model
used in this report. After investigating this possibility, it was decided that over the range of tap
weights in the HUD National Survey data, no substantial differences in correction factors would
result from using the reversed weight ratio. For this reason, the form of the model presented in
this report was not changed.
Another reviewer pointed out that the data point in the laboratory study which was
identified as an outlier based on visual inspection alone could not be considered an outlier without
a quantitative justification. After reviewing the laboratory data, it was determined that all of the
data should be included in the model fitting. As a result, a new regression model was fitted to the
laboratory data and the revised correction factors were applied to the HUD National Survey dust
data. This revision was relatively minor, with the average percent change between the original
adjustment to the data and the new adjustment equaling 1.6 percent.
EPA has established a public record for the peer review under administrative record 168.
The record is available in the TCSA Nonconfidential Information Center, which is open from
noon to 4 pm Monday through Friday, except legal holidays. The TCSA Nonconfidential
Information Center is located in Room NE-B607, Northeast Mall, 401 M Street SW, Washington,
D.C.
2.0 EFFECT OF LOW TAP WEIGHTS ON DUST-LEAD CONCENTRATIONS
Section 2.1 discusses why dust-lead concentrations measured in the HUD National Survey
may be biased. Furthermore, it is indicated there that the bias is likely to increase with decreasing
tap weight and that the bias may be expressed as a function of the ratio of total dust weight to tap
weight. Descriptive analyses presented in Section 2.2 show that the dust-lead concentrations
reported in the HUD National Survey increased with decreased tap weight. The trend may be due
to a bias.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure weight of residual dust in filter
cassettes, tap weight, total dust weight, and ratio of total dust weight to tap weight for dust
samples collected via the Blue Nozzle vacuum. The experiments, summarized in Section 2.3,
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provided a database for understanding and addressing the bias in dust-lead concentration
computed via tap weight in the HUD National Survey. A regression model, developed for
correcting the bias, was fitted to the laboratory data. In Section 2.4, the regression model is
applied to the dust-lead concentrations collected in the HUD National Survey. Furthermore, it is
shown in Section 2.4 that the regression model removes the trend of dust-lead concentrations
increasing with decreased tap weight.
2.1 WHY DUST-LEAD CONCENTRATIONS MAY BE BIASED
Dust samples were collected from interior window sills, window troughs, and floors in the
HUD National Survey using the Blue Nozzle vacuum device. The Blue Nozzle vacuum collects
dust in a plastic cassette containing a piece of cellulose fiber filter paper to capture the dust [3].
In the HUD National Survey, the filter cassettes were not preweighed before sampling, and only
the weight of the dust that was tapped out of the cassette, referred to herein as tap weight, was
determined. However, subsequent chemical analyses on each sample determined the amount of
lead for both the dust tapped out of the cassette and residual dust in the filter cassette, combined.
Dust-lead concentration was then computed as the total amount of lead divided by the tap weight.
It is believed that some dust may have remained in the filter cassette, in which case the
dust-lead concentrations reported in the HUD National Survey may be biased. Dust-lead
concentration is defined as weight of lead in sampled dust divided by weight of sampled dust.
Dust-lead concentrations reported in the HUD National Survey will be biased if the tap weight
substantially underestimates the combined weight of the dust tapped out of the filter cassette and
residual dust remaining on the filter cassette. The dust-lead concentration reported in the HUD
National Survey is equal to:
(jig of Pb on filter cassette) + (jig of Pb for tapped-out dust)
(g of tapped-out dust)
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instead of what should have been measured and reported:
(|ig of Pb on Filter cassette) + (|ig of Pb for tapped-out dust)
(g of dust on filter cassette) + (g of tapped-out dust)
The ratio of the two terms is
(g of dust on filter cassette) + (g of tapped-out dust) _ total dust weight
(g of tapped-out dust) tap weight
where total dust weight is the total weight of the dust tapped out of the filter cassette and residual
dust remaining in the filter cassette. Therefore, the bias in the reported dust-lead concentrations is
a function of the ratio of the total dust weight to the tap weight. Because the weight of the
residual dust in the filter cassette is likely to comprise a larger percentage of the total dust weight
for low tap weight samples, the bias is expected to increase with decreased tap weight. This bias
in dust-lead concentration, if present in the HUD National Survey, would generally result in
higher dust-lead concentrations for samples with lower tap weights compared to samples with
higher tap weights.
2.2 STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF LOW TAP WEIGHT SAMPLES
A statistical analysis of the dust sample data collected from the 284 private houses was
performed to investigate possible differences in dust-lead concentrations as a function of the tap
weight. Only window and floor samples from dry-rooms, wet-rooms and entranceways were
included in the analysis. All samples collected from common areas in the HUD National Survey
were excluded since these samples will not be included in analyses supporting Section 403
rulemaking.
To evaluate the impact of low tap weight on dust-lead concentrations, dust-lead
concentrations were examined for nine ranges of tap weight spanning from 0.1 mg to greater than
25 mg. The first tap weight range, tap weight of 0.1 mg, was called out separately because 0.1
mg may represent the limit of detection for the gravimetric analysis. Conversations with
laboratory personnel providing the basis for this reasoning are discussed in Section 4.0.
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Furthermore, dust-lead loadings and/or dust-lead concentrations were missing for 599 of the 718
samples with a tap weight of 0.1 mg.
Table 1 presents summary statistics for the dust-lead concentrations and dust-lead
loadings for floor dust samples for each of the nine ranges of tap weight and all floor dust samples
regardless of tap weight. The number of these samples with a nonmissing dust-lead
concentration, the geometric mean, geometric standard deviation, and range of the dust-lead
concentrations for the floor dust samples are shown in columns two to six. Column seven
provides the number of floor dust samples with a dust-lead concentration greater than 1000 jig/g.
The number of non-missing dust-lead loadings, the geometric mean, and geometric standard
deviation for the dust-lead loadings of the floor dust samples are presented in the last three
columns of the table. Tables 2 and 3 present similar results for window sill and window trough
samples, respectively. Results calculated across floor, window sill, and window trough samples
are presented in Table 4.
An inverse relationship between dust-lead concentration and tap weight is apparent in
Table 1; dust-lead concentration decreased with increased tap weight. A similar relation is seen in
Table 2 for window sill dust-lead concentration. As shown in Table 3, there is no apparent trend
between dust-lead concentration and tap weight for samples collected from window troughs.
However, the limited sample size may have made it impossible to detect any trend. Only 25 out
of the 149 dust samples collected from window troughs had tap weights less than 10 mg, and
window trough dust-lead concentrations tend to be more variable than those collected from floors
and window sills.
Floor dust-lead concentrations are plotted against tap weights in Figures 1 to 4, with each
of the plots corresponding to one of four tap weight classifications. To better show the data, the
y-axis was truncated at 15,000 jig/g and floor dust samples with dust-lead concentrations greater
than 15,000 jig/g were omitted from each of the plots. A total of four samples were excluded;
three in Figure 2 and one in Figure 3. Three of the samples had dust-lead concentrations greater
than 100,000 |ig/g. Figure 1 shows dust-lead concentrations for the 0.1 mg tap weight samples,
which are all greater than 4000 jig/g. As stated above, there is some concern about the validity
of these 0.1 mg tap weight samples. Although the trend of increased dust-lead concentration with
decreased tap weight is quite visible in Figure 2, the relationship is not obvious in Figures 3 and 4.
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Table 1. Floor Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses
in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to<1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 10 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
5
37
30
35
35
15
118
137
402
814
Geometric
Mean
6540
1290
752
427
310
327
280
210
190
256
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
1.5
3.4
4.7
2.8
5.4
3.1
3.1
3.3
4.2
4.2
Minimum
4660
41.4
75.0
24.9
3.45
43.1
24.5
1.13
0.0500
0.0500
Maximum
13000
18600
355000
4330
114000
3770
133000
3760
11300
355000
Number
>1000
5
23
12
5
7
3
11
12
42
120
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
26
35
30
35
35
15
117
137
402
832
Geometric
Mean
0.115
0.139
0.270
0.256
0.272
0.377
0.500
0.850
4.36
1.30
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
3.6
4.1
4.6
2.9
5.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
4.7
6.6
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Table 2. Window Sill Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned
Houses in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to<1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 10 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
27
41
26
19
13
13
51
44
105
339
Geometric
Mean
3800
2030
1570
989
940
451
658
476
665
911
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
4.7
8.9
5.4
3.3
4.1
4.3
5.6
4.7
6.7
6.4
Minimum
124
15.5
37.7
55.9
156
42.9
3.06
1.74
0.785
0.785
Maximum
55900
5850000
104000
7500
9640
4530
96500
9650
102000
5850000
Number
>1000
22
25
16
9
7
4
20
14
41
158
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
79
41
26
19
13
13
51
44
106
392
Geometric
Mean
0.317
1.03
2.15
1.97
3.93
1.87
3.92
4.99
44.8
3.70
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
5.3
7.7
6.1
4.5
5.1
4.6
6.0
6.2
5.5
12
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Table 3. Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-
Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to<1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 10 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
5
3
0
1
4
3
9
18
106
149
Geometric
Mean
10700
1830
122
2450
4780
4920
1680
1770
2010
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
8.5
4.7
3.4
2.4
3.4
9.8
6.4
6.6
Minimum
2430
305
122
473
2820
1010
33.7
5.17
5.17
Maximum
457000
4980
122
7800
13300
63100
83600
109000
457000
Number
>1000
5
2
0
3
3
9
10
69
101
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
14
3
0
1
4
3
9
18
106
158
Geometric
Mean
0.546
0.703
0.366
9.88
25.7
34.5
33.3
243
76.6
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
6.5
6.4
3.0
2.2
3.9
9.6
6.2
15
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Table 4. Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for
the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to<1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 10 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
37
81
56
55
52
31
178
199
613
1302
Geometric
Mean
4700
1640
1060
558
480
485
413
303
346
451
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
4.7
5.9
5.2
3.2
5.5
4.3
4.5
4.7
6.2
5.9
Minimum
124
15.5
37.7
24.9
3.45
42.9
3.06
1.13
0.0500
0.0520
Maximum
457000
5850000
355000
7500
114000
13300
133000
83600
109000
5850000
Number
>1000
32
50
28
14
17
10
40
36
152
379
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
119
79
56
55
52
31
177
199
614
1382
Geometric
Mean
0.271
0.418
0.707
0.522
0.700
1.11
1.12
1.75
13.0
2.78
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
5.3
7.5
7.1
4.7
8.3
6.1
6.3
6.5
9.7
12
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HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
15000 -
14OOO -_
13OOO -_
12000 -_
11OOO -_
10OOO -_
9000 -_
8OOO -_
7000 -_
6OOO -_
5OOO -_
4000 -_
3OOO -_
2OOO r
1000 -_
O -
0.1
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
Figure 1. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for Samples with Tap
Weight Equal to 0.1 mg.
HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
15OOO -
14OOO -_
13000 -_
12OOO -_
11000 -_
10OOO -_
9OOO -_
8000 -_
7OOO -_
6OOO -_
5000 -_
4OOO -_
3000 -_
2OOO -_
1OOO 7
O -
A A A
A A *
2 3
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
Figure 2. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for Samples with Tap
Weights Greater than 0.1 mg and Less than 5 mg. Two Samples with Dust-Lead
Concentrations Greater than 100,000 ug/g and One Sample with Dust-Lead
Concentration Approximately 20,000 ug/g are not Shown in the Plot.
10
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HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
15000 -
14OOO
13000
12000 -_
11000 -_
10000 H
9000 -_
8000
7000 -_
6OOO
5000^
4OOO -_
3000^
2000 H
1000 -_
0-
A A A
A A
7 8
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
Figure 3. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weights Greater than or Equal to 5 mg and Less
than 10 mg. One Sample with a Dust-Lead Concentration Greater
than 100,000 ug/g is not Shown in the Plot.
15000
14000
13000
12000
11OOO
10000
9000
8000
7000
6OOO
5000
4OOO
3000
2000
1000
0
HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
1000
2000 3000
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
4000
5000
Figure 4. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Plotted Against Tap Weight for Samples
with Tap Weights Greater than or Equal 10 mg.
11
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Additional analyses were conducted to determine if any of the floor dust-lead
concentrations for the 284 privately-owned homes in the HUD National Survey were statistical
outliers. An outlier is a data point that is abnormally large or small in value. Because large and
small are relative terms, externally deleted studentized residuals were employed to determine how
large or small each dust-lead concentration was relative to the mean dust-lead concentration for
the floor samples in the same tap weight category for four categories: equal to 0.1 mg, greater
than 0.1 mg and less than 5 mg, greater than or equal to 5 mg and less than 10 mg, and greater
than or equal to 10 mg. First, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted using the category of
tap weight (four ranges, as described above) as the explanatory factor. Second, externally deleted
studentized residuals were computed for each sample. Third, each externally deleted residual was
compared to the extreme value likely to occur if the data were sampled from a normal
distribution. The extreme value was defined to be the 0.025/(number of floor dust samples) lower
or upper percentile of the normal distribution. This definition utilizes a Bonferoni adjustment to
account for the simultaneous comparisons. Based on this analysis, three floor dust-lead
concentrations were determined to be unusually large and six were determined to be unusually
small. The sampling location, dwelling identification number, dust tap weight, dust-lead
concentration, and externally deleted studentized residual for these nine samples are shown in
Table 5. The window sill and trough dust data and paint data were examined for the two homes
(2751402 and 0131102) with the large floor dust-lead concentrations. Dust-lead concentrations
for window sill and trough samples were not unusual and neither home contained any damaged
lead-based paint.
Table 5. Results of Outlier Analysis
Sampling
Location
Dry-room floor
Wet-room floor
Wet-room floor
Dry-room floor
Dry-room floor
Wet-room floor
Wet-room floor
Entryway floor
Entryway floor
Dwelling ID
2751402
2751402
0131102
0310201
0430306
2622603
1041607
1731603
0340505
Dust Tap Weight
(mg)
8.2
3.5
1.2
3.6
3580.1
681.1
4999.8
11
2041.7
Dust-Lead Concentration
(Mg/g)
132,900
114,300
354,900
3.45
0.58
0.84
0.05
1.13
1.01
Externally Deleted
Studentized Residual
4.62
3.97
4.83
-3.81
-4.34
-4.06
-6.21
-3.83
-3.92
12
-------
2.3 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF LOW TAP WEIGHT SAMPLES
As discussed in Section 2.1, dust-lead concentrations reported in the HUD National
Survey may be biased due to use of tap weight in calculations of dust-lead concentrations. The
potential bias in the dust-lead concentration is a function of the ratio of the total dust weight to
the tap weight. Laboratory experiments were conducted using the Blue Nozzle vacuum to
measure weight of residual dust in filter cassettes, tap weight, total dust weight, and ratio of total
dust weight to tap weight. This section summarizes the results of those experiments and how the
results may be used to estimate the bias in the HUD National Survey dust-lead concentrations. A
more detailed discussion of the laboratory experiments, including tables of the collected data, is
provided in Appendix A.
Different weights of dust, of various particle sizes, were placed on a 12-inch tile substrate,
and the Blue Nozzle sampler was used to vacuum the dust off the substrate. Vacuum sampling
was done in accordance with the protocol specified in Appendix H of the EPA report "Laboratory
Evaluation of Dust and Dust Lead Recoveries for Samplers and Vacuum Cleaners" [4]. After
each experiment, tiles were cleaned with Kimwipes using distilled water and allowed to dry
overnight. The tiles were judged to be clean (i.e., dust free) based on visual inspection. Each
filter cassette was preweighed so that the weight of dust remaining in the filter cassette, after dust
was tapped out of the cassette, could be determined. In this way, both the weight of the dust
tapped out of the cassette, as well as the weight of dust remaining in the filter cassette, were
determined.
As shown in Table 6, experiments were conducted for a total of nine combinations of dust
particle sizes and amount of dust tapped out of the cassette. Each combination of particle size
and amount of dust was repeated at least five times. Although the dust test matrix states that the
lowest range of dust to be tapped out was 0.2 - 5.0 mg, the minimum dust tapped out in any of
the repetitions was 0.7 mg. House dust from a previously conducted EPA study [3,4] was used in
these experiments.
13
-------
Table 6. Test Matrix for Laboratory Experiments
Target Amount of
Dust Tapped Out
0.2-5.0 mg
5.0-10.0 mg
10.0-20.0 mg
Particle Sizes of Dust
< 53 urn
8
6
8
150-212 urn
5
6
7
250-2000 urn
5
5
9
The ratio of the total dust weight to the tap weight was computed for each experiment.
Ratio data are plotted against tap weight in Figure 5. The trend noted in Section 2.2 between
dust-lead concentration and tap weight is also apparent in Figure 5; the observed ratios decrease
with increasing tap weight.
A regression model was fitted to the data to estimate the relationship between the
observed ratios and tap weights. Details of the regression model are provided in Appendix A.
The equation of the fitted model, shown as the solid line in Figure 5, is
Ratio =
31 - 20*Tap Weight + 3.4*(Tap Weight)2
2.4 - 0.061*Tap Weight
1
Tap Weight < 2.9 mg
2.9 mg Tap Weight < 23.4 mg
23.4 mg Tap Weight
The last segment (tap weight > 23.4 mg) was added so that the estimated ratio will always be
greater than or equal to one.
2.4 CORRECTING THE BIAS IN DUST-LEAD CONCENTRATION
The regression model presented in Section 2.3 was used to estimate the ratio of the total
dust weight to tap weight for dust samples collected in the HUD National Survey. The ratios
were predicted only for the floor and window samples collected from dry-rooms, wet-rooms and
entranceways in the 284 privately-owned houses in the HUD National Survey. Dust-lead
concentrations reported in the HUD National Survey were then corrected by dividing the reported
dust-lead concentration by the predicted ratio of the total dust weight to tap weight. It should be
noted that the regression model used to adjust the HUD National Survey data was based on a
14
-------
_ 20
o>
o) 10 +
a>
"re
+j
o
"o
o
"re
5 --
0
0
+
+
+
10 15 20
Tap Weight (mg)
25
30
Figure 5. Ratio of Total Weight of Dust Divided by Tap Weight Plotted Against Tap
Weight and Overlaid with Fitted Regression Model.
laboratory experiment using only dry dust. Potential differences in the adhesive properties of dust
with a higher moisture content may exist. The predicted ratios of total dust weight to tap weight
based on a laboratory experiment that considered only dry dust samples may not be as accurate
for dust samples in wet rooms. Nevertheless, the adjusted dust-lead concentrations for dust
samples in wet rooms are expected to be more representative than those originally reported.
Descriptive statistics for the corrected floor, window sill, window trough, and combined
dust-lead concentrations are presented in Tables 7 to 10, respectively. Tables 1 to 4 provided
analogous information for the uncorrected dust-lead concentrations. The inverse relationship
between dust-lead concentration and tap weight noted in Tables 1 and 2 are no longer present in
Tables 7 and 8, thereby providing evidence that the correction factor may have removed the bias.
The corrected floor dust-lead concentrations are plotted against tap weights in
Figures 6 to 9, with each of the plots corresponding to one of four tap weight classifications. To
15
-------
better show the data, the y-axis was truncated at 3,000 jig/g and floor dust samples with dust-lead
concentrations greater than 3,000 jig/g were omitted from each of the plots. A total of eleven
samples were excluded, two in Figure 7, one in Figure 8, and eight in Figure 9. The three samples
from Figures 7 and 8 had dust-lead concentrations greater than 29,000 |ig/g, and the eight
samples from Figure 9 had dust-lead concentrations ranging between 3,900 jig/g abd 12,000
|ig/g. Analogous plots for the uncorrected data were given in Figures 1 to 4. Once again, the
trend of increased dust-lead concentration with decreased tap weight seen in Figure 2 is no longer
apparent in the analogous figure, Figure 7. Figure 10 is similar to Figures 6 to 9; however, it
shows the corrected dust-lead concentrations plotted against tap weight for all of the samples
except for the three samples with concentrations exceeding 29,000 jig/g. The other eight samples
excluded from Figure 9 are included in Figure 10.
3.0 WIPE SAMPLES IN HUD NATIONAL SURVEY
The EPA report on the HUD National Survey [1] stated that a few dust samples were
collected with wet wipes in homes where vacuuming was impossible (page 3-39). However, there
are no identifiers in the database that distinguish between the wipe and vacuum samples. The
laboratory records from the HUD National Survey were reviewed to determine which dust
samples were collected by wipe sampling. Table 11 presents the dwelling identification numbers
and sampling locations of the wipe samples. Analyses conducted for Section 403 are utilizing the
dust samples collected from floors, window sills and window troughs in either the entryway, wet
room or dry room in the 284 privately-owned residences in the HUD National Survey. Dust
samples collected from the common areas of privately-owned residences and samples collected
from publicly-owned residences are not being utilized. Only two of the samples listed in Table 11
meet this criteria: a window trough sample from the dry room of housing unit 1820802 and a
window sill sample from the dry room of housing unit 0440602. The impact of these two samples
being wipe samples rather than vacuum dust samples is negligible on the Section 403 Risk
Assessment. Of the two wipe samples, the lead concentration is missing for one sample and non-
missing for the other sample. For the purposes of analyses conducted to support Section 403, the
dust-lead concentration of the one non-missing sample will be excluded.
16
-------
Table 7. Floor Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected for Bias and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to< 1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 1 0 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
5
37
30
35
35
15
118
137
402
814
Geometric
Mean
227
61.6
81.2
132
140
152
141
151
190
156
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
1.5
3.5
4.7
3.1
5.4
3.2
3.1
3.3
4.2
3.9
Minimum
162
1.65
6.20
6.26
1.56
20.2
11.6
0.642
0.0500
0.0500
Maximum
452
1080
29300
1650
51600
1770
68900
2550
11300
68900
Number
>1000
0
1
1
2
1
1
6
5
42
59
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
26
35
30
35
35
15
117
137
402
832
Geometric
Mean
0.115
0.139
0.270
0.256
0.272
0.377
0.500
0.850
4.36
1.30
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
3.6
4.1
4.6
2.9
5.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
4.7
6.6
-------
Table 8. Window Sill Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected for Bias and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap Weight
for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to< 1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 1 0 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
27
41
26
19
13
13
51
44
105
339
Geometric
Mean
132
97.1
171
266
425
209
329
316
665
304
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
4.7
8.5
5.5
3.5
4.1
4.3
5.7
4.7
6.7
6.4
Minimum
4.31
0.901
4.21
19.5
70.5
20.1
1.61
1.45
0.785
0.785
Maximum
1940
217000
14500
1980
4310
2110
47300
5990
102000
217000
Number
>1000
3
6
3
4
5
2
13
11
41
88
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
79
41
26
19
13
13
51
44
106
392
Geometric
Mean
0.317
1.03
2.15
1.97
3.93
1.87
3.92
4.99
44.8
3.70
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
5.3
7.7
6.1
4.5
5.1
4.6
6.0
6.2
5.5
12
-------
Table 9. Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected for Bias and Dust-Lead Loadings by Tap
Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to< 1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 1 0 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
5
3
0
1
4
3
9
18
106
149
Geometric
Mean
371
91.6
24.1
1110
2210
2410
1200
1770
1480
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
8.5
4.0
3.4
2.4
3.4
9.3
6.4
6.8
Minimum
84.5
19.2
24.1
213
1300
507
33.7
5.17
5.17
Maximum
15900
267
24.1
3500
6190
30000
59500
109000
109000
Number
>1000
1
0
0
2
3
8
9
69
92
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
14
3
0
1
4
3
9
18
106
158
Geometric
Mean
0.546
0.703
0.366
9.88
25.7
34.5
33.3
243
76.6
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
6.5
6.4
3.0
2.2
3.9
9.6
6.2
15
-------
Table 10. Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Dust-Lead Concentrations Corrected for Bias and Dust-
Lead Loadings by Tap Weight for the 284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Tap Weight
Range
(mg)
0.1
> 0.1 to< 1
> 1 to < 2
> 2 to < 3
> 3 to < 4
> 4 to < 5
> 5 to < 1 0
> 1 0 to < 25
> 25
All Samples
Dust-Lead Concentration (ug/g)
Number
37
81
56
55
52
31
178
199
613
1302
Geometric
Mean
163
78.7
115
163
217
225
208
214
346
240
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
4.7
5.8
5.2
3.4
5.5
4.3
4.4
4.6
6.2
5.6
Minimum
4.31
0.901
4.21
6.26
1.56
20.1
1.61
0.642
0.0500
0.0500
Maximum
15900
217000
29300
1980
51600
6190
68900
59500
109000
217000
Number
>1000
4
7
4
6
8
6
27
25
152
239
Dust-Lead Loading (ug/ft2)
Number
119
79
56
55
52
31
177
199
614
1382
Geometric
Mean
0.271
0.418
0.707
0.522
0.700
1.11
1.12
1.75
13.0
2.78
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
5.3
7.5
7.1
4.7
8.3
6.1
6.3
6.5
9.7
12
to
o
-------
Table 11. Distribution of Wipe Samples Taken in the HUD National Survey
LBPJD
0720300
1931906
1820802
1952506
0440602
1830801
1932300
1860204
1861202
1861400
1860501
1860600
1861004
1861509
1860709
1160308
1160506
1160704
1161108
1161207
1660604
1760503
1660703
1760305
1660406
1760206
1660505
Location (Sample ID)
EW
(61)
1
1
1
1
DF
(62)
1
1
1
1
1
WF
(63)
1
1
1
1
WS
(64)
1
1
1
1
1
ww
(65)
1
1
1
DS
(66)
1
1
1
1
1
1
DW
(67)
1
1
1
1
CH
(68)
CE
(69)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
CF
(70)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
cs
(71)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
cw
(72)
1
1
Number of
Wipe Samples
2
1
3
2
1
4
1
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
3
6
10
1
8
8
1
2
2
3
5
1
2
Public
vs Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Total Number of Wipe Samples = 81
EW = Entryway floor sample (there are no window samples from entryways)
WF = Wet Room Floor, WS = Wet Room Window Sill, WW = Wet Room Window Well (Trough)
DF = Dry Room Floor, DS = Dry Room Window Sill, DW = Dry Room Window Well (Trough)
CH = Common Area Hall, CE= Common Area Entryway
CF = Common Area Floor, CS = Common Room Window Sill, CF = Common Room Floor, CW = Common Room Window Well (Trough)
-------
HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
O.1
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
Figure 6. Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weight Equal to 0.1 mg.
3000 -
HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
2000 -
1000 -
o ^
A A
i I
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
Figure 7. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weights Greater than 0.1 mg and Less than 5 mg. Two
Samples with Dust-Lead Concentrations Greater than 29,000 ug/g are not Shown
in the Plot.
22
-------
HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
2000-
1000-
8
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
Figure 8. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weights Greater than or Equal to 5 mg and less than 10 mg.
One Sample with a Dust-Lead Concentration Greater than 29,000 ug/g is not
Shown in the Plot.
HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
10OO
2000
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
Figure 9. Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight for
Samples with Tap Weights Greater than or Equal to 10 mg. Eight Samples with
Dust-Lead Concentrations Between 3,900 ug/g and 12,000 ug/g are not Shown
in the Plot.
23
-------
HUD National Survey Data Private Houses
Plot of Floor Dust Concentration vs. Floor Dust Tap Weight
12OOO -
11OOO -
1OOOO -_
9OOO -
8OOO -_
7OOO -
6OOO -_
5OOO -
4OOO -_
3OOO -
2OOO -_
1OOO -
O -
1000
2OOO 3OOO
Dust Tap Weight (mg)
4OOO
5OOO
Figure 10.
Floor Dust-Lead Concentration Corrected for Bias Plotted Against Tap Weight
for All Samples. Three Samples with Dust-Lead Concentrations Greater than
29,000 ug/g are not Shown in Plot.
There is no reason to suspect the quality of the dust-lead loadings of these two samples.
Therefore, they will be utilized in the analyses conducted for Section 403. However, it may be
necessary to handle the lead loadings of these two samples differently if a conversion factor is
implemented in Section 403 analyses. If the observed lead loadings collected via a Blue Nozzle
vacuum are converted to wipe equivalent lead loadings then the conversion will not be required
for these two samples. Likewise, if the observed lead loadings are compared to a Blue Nozzle
standard equivalent to a wipe standard, then the wipe dust-lead loadings of these two samples
should be compared directly against the standard defined for a wipe sample.
4.0 DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, AND CONCLUSIONS
Dust Samples with a Tap Weight of 0.1 mg. Dust samples with a tap weight of
0.1 mg are a concern. Only 5 of the 40 floor dust samples with a tap weight of 0.1 mg had a non-
missing dust-lead concentration. Both Westat and MRI were contacted in an attempt to
24
-------
determine what was the basis of the 0.1 mg number and what is the impact of a tap weight of 0.1
mg on the precision and accuracy of the measured dust-lead concentration. While it is generally
believed, both by Westat and MRI, that 0.1 mg represents the limit of detection for the
gravimetric analysis, no one at either Westat or MRI was able to confirm this. MRI stated that
the balances typically employed in their metals laboratory measure sample weights in gram units
to four decimal places. That is, the smallest nonzero weight possible for the balance commonly
used is 0.1 mg. MRI stated that detectable dust-lead amounts can be measured for dust samples
this small. However, if the dust weight is suspect then the dust-lead concentration is suspect.
Due to the large number of missing dust-lead concentrations for samples with a tap weight of 0.1
mg, and the lack of confidence in this tap weight, dust-lead concentrations of the 0.1 mg tap
weight samples will be excluded analyses conducted for Section 403. This decision applies only
to the dust-lead concentrations of the 0.1 mg tap weight samples and not to the dust-lead loadings
of these samples.
Adjustments to Dust-Lead Concentrations Dust-lead concentrations reported in
the HUD National Survey may be biased. Because tap weights were not used to compute dust-
lead loadings, there is no reason to suspect that the dust-lead loadings are biased. It was shown in
Section 2.2 that the HUD National Survey dust-lead concentrations tended to increase with
decreased tap weight. This trend may be due to a bias. Laboratory experiments were conducted
to generate a database for understanding and addressing the bias in dust-lead concentration
computed via tap weight in the HUD National Survey. A regression model, developed for
correcting the bias, was fitted to the laboratory data. It was shown in Section 2.4 that dust-lead
concentrations corrected for the bias via the regression model no longer exhibited the trend of
increased dust-lead concentration with decreased tap weight.
Tap weights generated in the laboratory experiments and used to develop the regression
model ranged from 0.7 mg to 27 mg. Tap weights in the HUD National Survey ranged from
0.1 mg to over 5000 mg. The regression model applied to the HUD National Survey was
modified to predict a ratio of one for tap weights greater than 23.4 mg. However, use of the
model to correct dust-lead concentrations for tap weights less than 0.7 mg may still be of concern.
-------
The correction factor for lower tap weight samples is severe. The dust-lead concentration of a
sample with a tap weight of 0.7 mg is reduced by a factor of 18.7; the factor ranges from
approximately 5 for samples with a tap weight of 2 mg to approximately 2 for samples with a tap
weight of 3 mg. Because the regression model was developed from data with tap weights all >
0.7 mg, its application might best be limited to samples with tap weights > 0.7 mg.
The correction factor predicted by the regression equation may have over-corrected for
lower tap weight samples. As shown in Table 7, the geometric mean of the corrected dust-lead
concentrations of floor dust samples with a tap weight > 0.2 mg and < 1 mg was 62 |ig/g. The
geometric means for groups with tap weights > 2 mg ranged from 132 to 190 |ig/g. There are 37
floor dust samples in the HUD National Survey with a tap weight > 0.2 mg and < 1 mg, of which
25 have tap weights < 0.7 mg and 12 have tap weights > 0.7 mg. The geometric means of the
corrected dust-lead concentrations are 48 and 102 jig/g for the 25 and 12 samples, respectively.
Therefore, the tendency for over-correction by the regression model may be strongest for dust
samples with a tap weight less than 0.7 mg.
For the purposes of analyses conducted to support Section 403, dust samples with a tap
weight less than 0.7 mg will be excluded from the analysis, and the analysis will be conducted on
the corrected dust-lead concentrations for all samples with a tap weight > 0.7 mg. There is no
reason to suspect the quality of the dust-lead loadings for the 25 samples with a tap weight > 0.2
mg and < 0.7 mg, and therefore they will be included in Section 403 analyses. Table B-l in
Appendix B lists the corrected dust-lead concentrations alongside those originally reported in the
HUD National Survey.
Outliers. A statistical analysis was performed to determine if any of the floor dust-lead
concentrations for the 284 privately-owned residences in the HUD National Survey were
statistical outliers. Three of the 814 floor dust-lead concentrations were determined to be
unusually large. All three samples possessed dust-lead concentrations greater than 100,000 |ig/g.
The corrected dust-lead concentrations of the three samples were all greater than 29,000 |ig/g.
No basis was uncovered for suspecting the quality of these three samples. Therefore, these
samples will be included in the analyses conducted for Section 403.
26
-------
Wipe Samples. Westat provided a table identifying the dwellings and locations of wipe
samples. Only two of these samples are being used in analyses conducted for Section 403,
because the remaining wipe samples were taken from common areas or publicly-owned houses.
The dust-lead concentration is missing for one sample and will be excluded from Section 403
analyses for the other sample. There is no reason to suspect the quality of the lead loadings of the
two samples. It will not be necessary to convert the lead loadings of these two samples to wipe
equivalent loadings in the analyses conducted for Section 403.
Summary. The following decisions were made regarding the quality of dust samples
collected in the HUD National Survey for the purposes of the Section 403 Risk Assessment:
1. Dust-lead concentrations of dust samples with a tap weight of 0.1 mg will be excluded
from the analysis of dust-lead concentrations. (Five out of 814 floor dust samples, 27
out of 340 window sill samples, and 5 out of 149 window trough samples.)
2. Dust-lead concentrations of dust samples with a tap weight greater than or equal to
0.2 mg and less than 0.7 mg will be excluded from the analysis of dust-lead
concentrations. (25 out of 814 floor dust samples, 27 out of 340 window sill samples,
and 1 out of 149 window trough samples.)
3. Dust-lead concentrations of dust samples with a tap weight greater than or equal to
0.7 mg will be corrected using the regression model presented in Section 2.3. The
corrected dust-lead concentrations are presented in Appendix B.
4. The outliers identified in Section 2.2 (three samples were determined to be unusually
large) will be included in the analyses.
5. The dust-lead concentrations of wipe samples collected from the privately-owned
residences in the HUD National Survey from floors, window sills, and window troughs
will be excluded from Section 403 analyses (1 window trough sample and 1 window
sill sample). There is no reason to suspect the quality of the dust-lead loadings of the
two samples. Therefore, they will be utilized in analyses conducted for Section 403.
5.0 REFERENCES
1. EPA, Report on the National Survey of Lead-Based Paint in Housing. Appendix I:
Design and Methodology, 1995, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
27
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2. EPA, Report on the National Survey of Lead-Based Paint in Housing. Appendix II:
Analysis., 1995, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
3. EPA, Laboratory Evaluation of Dust and Dust Lead Recoveries for Samplers and
Vacuum Cleaners. Volume I: Objectives, Methods, and Results, 1995, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C.
4. EPA, Laboratory Evaluation of Dust and Dust Lead Recoveries for Samples and Vacuum
Cleaners. Volume II: Appendices from the Quality Assurance Project Plan, 1995, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C.
28
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APPENDIX A
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF THE AMOUNT
OF RESIDUAL DUST
REMAINING IN BLUE NOZZLE FILTER CASSETTES
A-l
-------
Contents
1 Introduction A-3
2 Test Procedures A-4
3 Test Results A-
4 Conclusions A-19
A-2
-------
Section 1
Introduction
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) National Survey collected
dust samples for Pb analysis using the Blue Nozzle sampler device. This device collects dust in a
plastic cassette containing a piece of filter paper to capture the dust. However, in the HUD
National Survey, the filter cassette was not pre-weighed before sampling, and only the weight of
dust that could be tapped out of the cassette was determined. The weight of dust remaining on
the filter was not determined. Nevertheless, the total amount of Pb was determined by analysis of
both the "tap" dust and filter cassette, combined. Subsequently, the concentration of Pb in the
dust was calculated from the total amount of Pb found, divided by the weight of tap dust. Since
that calculation necessarily neglected the weight of any dust retained in the filter cassette, the
concentration results were probably biased high, but the extent of the bias is unknown. However,
the bias in the Pb concentration measured by the weight of tap dust does not affect the measured
dust-lead loadings in the HUD National Survey (i.e., |ig/ft2).
The purpose of this project was to carry out laboratory experiments using the Blue Nozzle
to determine the weight of dust "tapped out" and the weight of dust remaining in the filter
cassette, and then to use those data to estimate the bias in the Pb concentrations that may have
been present in the HUD National Survey. Subsequent sections of this report describe the
procedures used in the experiments and the results of these experiments, along with the
conclusions from the project.
A-3
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Section 2
Test Procedures
Different weights of dust, of various particle sizes, were placed on a 12-inch x 12-inch tile
substrate, and the Blue Nozzle sampler was used to vacuum the dust off the substrate. The filter
cassette was pre-weighed so that the weight of dust remaining in the filter cassette could be
determined, after dust had been tapped out of the cassette. In this way, the weight of dust tapped
out of the cassette was determined, as well as the weight of dust remaining in the filter cassette.
These data were used to calculate the percentage of dust remaining in the filter cassette, as shown
by the equation below.
n/ „ • • • jrii ^ Wt of dust in filter cassette
% Remaining in filter cassette =
(Wt of dust in filter cassette) + (Wt of dust tapped out)
The matrix of experiments covered three different particle sizes, and the amounts of dust
tapped out covered three weight ranges. Each combination of particle size/amount was repeated
at least five times (i.e., replicates) because of variability in the results for each combination, due to
the low weight of dust tapped out, as discussed below. Also, the weight of dust tapped out varied
because both the weight of dust applied to the tile substrate and the amount vacuumed off the
substrate varied.
The specific particle sizes and the target amounts of dust tapped out were as follows:
Particle sizes of dust
< 53 urn
150-212 |jm
250-2000 |jm
Target amount of dust tapped out
0.2-5.0 mg
5.0-10.0 mg
10.0-20.0 mg
A-4
-------
The three particle sizes shown above represent the range of sizes used by MRI in a
previous study of house dust, where dust in vacuum cleaner bags was sieved to obtain different
size ranges.1 These sieved dust samples were still available and were used in this study. Some
preliminary experiments were carried out to determine how much dust must be applied in order to
obtain the target "tapped" amounts shown.
The substrate to which the dust was applied, for vacuuming with the Blue Nozzle, was
12-inch x 12-inch smooth tile, like that used in the previous MRI study. After each use, these
tiles were wiped off with Kimwipes using distilled water and allowed to dry overnight.
In the initial experiments, it was found that the weight of the filter cassette decreased by
about 10 mg after vacuuming a clean tile (no dust),2 but after a second vacuuming of the clean
tile, the weight decreased by less than 0.2 mg. Thus the procedure was to first use each cassette
to vacuum a clean tile and then weigh the cassette to determine the tare weight.
It should also be noted that after any vacuuming, the weight of the cassette decreases as it
sits on the balance, but the rate of decrease slows over time. The weight recorded on the data
sheets (i.e., final weight) was taken when the weight did not change more than 0.1 mg over 1 min.
After the initial experiments, the procedure used in all tests was as given below, using the
data entry form shown in Table A2-1.
1. Tare weigh an appropriate piece of weighing paper.
2. Add desired weight of dust onto weighing paper.
3. Transfer dust from weighing paper onto tile substrate.
4. Reweigh the paper to determine weight of dust actually transferred to tile.
5. Obtain cassette and use it to vacuum a clean tile.
6. Weigh the cassette (not including the top plastic part of the cassette), using this weight
as the tare weight of the cassette.
"Laboratory Evaluation of Dust and Dust Lead Recoveries for Samplers and
Vacuum Cleaners," Volumes I and II. EPA 747-R-94-004A/B. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC. March 1995.
Possibly the result of partial dehydration of the filter on vacuuming, although this
was not confirmed.
A-5
-------
7. Place the cassette back in the Blue Nozzle sampler and vacuum dust off the tile that
was prepared in Step 3.
8. Tare weigh an appropriate size piece of weighing paper.
9. Tap dust out of the cassette onto tared weighing paper and determine weight of dust
"tapped out."
10. Reweigh the cassette after tapping out dust.
Vacuuming with the Blue Nozzle in each experiment was done in accordance with the
protocol specified in Appendix H of the previous report titled "Laboratory Evaluation of Dust and
Dust Lead Recoveries for Samplers and Vacuum Cleaners," except as given above.
A-6
-------
Table
A2-1.
Data
Entry
Sheet
Test No..
Date
Time
Operator.
Particle Sizes: < 53|jm, 150-212|jm, 250-2000|jm
Target Weight Tapped Out: 0.2-5 mg, 5-10 mg, 10-20 mg
Replicate No.: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
A. Dust Applied
Wt of paper plus
dust
Wt of paper after
apply dust
B. Dust Tapped Out (WT)
Wt of paper plus
dust
Tare wt of paper
C. Dust Remaining in Filter Cassette (WF)
Wt of cassette Ta re wt of fi Ite r
with dust (after cassette
tapping dust out
of cassette)
Wt of dust
applied
Wt of dust
tapped out
(WT)
Wt of dust
remaining in filter
cassette
(WF)
D. Calculation of Percent Remaining in Filter Cassette
A-7
-------
W
F t
_
% Remaining = - - - x 100 = - i - si - x 100 = _ %
WF + WT ( - g) + ( - g)
A-8
Reviewed by.
Date
-------
Section 3
Test Results
All of the test results are tabulated in Tables A3-1, A3-2, and A3-3. Each table contains
the results for one of the three target amounts for the weight of dust tapped out. Each of the
tables shows the results for the three particle sizes of dust used in the tests. These tables express
the results in terms of the percent of dust remaining on the filter, and the ratio of the total weight
(weight of dust tapped out plus weight of dust remaining in the cassette) to the weight of dust
tapped out. This ratio is, in effect, a correction factor that might be applied to a lead
concentration that had been calculated using only the weight of Pb tapped out. That is, the lead
concentration should be divided by the ratio value to obtain a corrected Pb concentration.
It had been anticipated that this ratio might be relatively large when the weight of dust
tapped out was small (i.e., 0.2 to 5.0 mg), but that the ratio would decrease toward a ratio of 1.0
as the weight of dust tapped out increased. That is, for larger amounts of dust tapped out, the
percent remaining in the filter cassette would be small. To investigate this expectation, the data in
Tables A3-1, A3-2, and A3-3 were plotted as shown in Figures A3-1, A3-2, and A3-3 and were
combined in Figure A3-4. A dashed reference line, at a ratio of 1.0, has been included in
Figure A3-4.
Examination of the results given in the figures shows ratios in the range of 1.1 to 2.7 for
the two larger amounts of dust tapped out (i.e., 5 to 10 mg and 10 to 27 mg). On the average,
the ratio appears to increase slightly as the amount tapped out decreases toward a value of about
3 mg. In addition, over this range the ratio does not appear to be significantly different for the
three different particle size ranges.
For an amount tapped out below about 3 mg, the ratio dramatically increases as the
amount tapped out decreases. This certainly provides evidence of a bias in the Pb concentrations
used in the HUD National Survey, where the Pb concentration was calculated using only the
weight of dust tapped out, especially for those instances where the weight of dust tapped out was
low (e.g., 0.2 mg).
A-9
-------
Table A3-1. Summary of Test Results for Weight of Dust Tapped
Out (in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 mg)
Test No.
Particle Size <
8
10
11
12
13
16
20
24
Wt of dust
tapped out
(mg)
53 |jm
1.4
0.7
2.4
1.4
3.5
1.3
1.3
3.9
Wt of dust
remaining in
filter cassette
(mg)
10.8
11.6
2.7
10.0
5.9
15.8
19.4
19.7
Total wt
(mg)
12.2
12.3
5.1
11.4
9.4
17.1
20.7
23.6
Percent of
dust in filter
cassette
(%)
88.5
94.3
52.9
87.7
63
92.4
93.7
83.5
Ratio of total
wtto wt
tapped out
8.7
17.6
2.1
8.1
2.7
13
16
6.1
Particle Size 150 to 212 |jm
29
30
31
38
46
4.5
3.2
1.9
0.8
3.2
2.5
4.9
11.4
12.2
2.0
7.0
8.1
13.3
13.0
5.2
36
61
85.7
93.8
39
1.6
2.5
7.0
16
1.6
Particle Size 250 to 2000 |jm
47
51
59
60
R3
3.6
3.3
4.2
3.4
? n
2.0
8.0
2.4
4.9
n Q
5.6
11.3
6.6
8.3
? Q
36
71
36
59
31
1.6
3.4
1.6
2.4
1 5
A-10
-------
Table A3-2. Summary of Test Results for Weight of Dust Tapped
Out (in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 mg)
Test No.
Particle Size <
7
9
15
19
22
27
Wt of dust
tapped out
(mg)
53 |jm
7.8
5.2
5.7
8.9
7.4
9.9
Wt of dust
remaining in
filter cassette
(mg)
5.4
3.4
9.9
13.1
7.3
3.6
Total wt
(mg)
13.2
8.6
15.6
22.0
14.7
13.5
Percent of
dust in filter
cassette
(%)
41
40
64
59.5
50
27
Ratio of total
wtto wt
tapped out
1.7
1.7
2.7
2.5
2.0
1.4
Particle Size 150 to 212 |jm
34
35
36
39
42
43
6.5
8.8
9.5
6.1
8.7
8.8
2.1
2.7
4.0
6.8
2.3
9.7
8.6
11.5
13.5
12.9
11.0
18.5
24
24
30
53
21
52
1.3
1.3
1.4
2.1
1.3
2.1
Particle Size 250 to 2000 |jm
48
49
62
64
fiS
8.0
7.8
6.6
6.3
5 1
4.2
2.5
1.6
8.6
in
12.2
10.3
8.2
14.9
8 1
34
24
20
58
17
1.5
1.3
1.2
2.4
1 R
A-ll
-------
Table A3-3. Summary of Test Results for Weight of Dust Tapped
Out (in the range of 10.0 to 30.0 mg)
Test No.
Particle Size <
14
17
18
21
23
25
26
28
Wt of dust
tapped out
(mg)
53 |jm
13.3
11.5
24.2
12.0
24.3
10.1
24.7
14.1
Wt of dust
remaining in
filter cassette
(mg)
2.7
2.8
8.1
6.6
8.7
14.0
8.6
6.8
Total wt
(mg)
16.0
14.3
32.3
18.6
33.0
24.1
33.3
20.9
Percent of
dust in filter
cassette
(%)
17
20
25
36
26
58.1
26
33
Ratio of total
wtto wt
tapped out
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.4
2.4
1.3
1.5
Particle Size 150 to 212 |jm
32
33
37
40
41
44
45
13.3
13.1
22.2
13.9
21.8
17.2
16.2
3.1
4.8
3.8
2.8
3.9
4.8
8.7
16.4
17.9
26.0
16.7
25.7
22.0
24.9
19
27
15
17
15
22
35
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.5
Particle Size 250 to 2000 |jm
50
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
R1
16.7
24.3
13.1
27.2
27.2
15.4
18.9
16.4
11 5
15.2
9.5
11.1
9.5
11.8
3.2
8.5
10.2
n 7
31.9
33.8
24.2
36.7
39.0
18.6
27.4
26.6
19 9
47.6
28
45.9
26
30.3
17
31
38.3
5 7
1.9
1.4
1.8
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.6
1 1
A-12
-------
18.0
16.0
14.0
.0) 12.0
Q.
3
O
—
O
O
•
ro
CC
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1 .0
2.0 3.0
Weight of dust tapped out (mg)
4.0
i Particle size < 53 |jm » Particle size 150 |jm to 212 |jm ^ Particle size 250 |jm to 2,000 |jm
5.0
Figure A3-1. Ratio of Total Wt of Dust to Wt of Dust Tapped Out as a Function of the Wt of Dust Tapped Out over the Range
of 0.2 to 5.0 mg.
-------
5.0
4.5
4.0
^ 3.5
D)
1
I 3.0
T3
Q.
•? 2.5
D)
0
2.0
o
o 1.5
ro
ce
1 .0
0.5
0.0
5.0
6.0
7.0 8.0
Weight of dust tapped out (mg)
9.0
10.0
I Particle size < 53 |jm 0 Particle size 150 |jm to 212 |jm ^Particle size 250 |jm to 2,000 |jm
Figure A3-2. Ratio of Total Wt of Dust to Wt of Dust Tapped Out as a Function of the Wt of Dust Tapped Out over the Range
of 5.0 to 10.0 mg.
-------
D)
1
O
T3
0
CL
CL
O
-t-«
.C
D)
ro
ce
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1 .5
1 .0
0.5
0.0
10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0
Weight of dust tapped out (mg)
24.0
26.0
28.0
jParticle size < 53 |jm ^Particle size 150 |jm to 212 |jm ^Particle size 250 |jm to 2,000 |jm
30.0
Figure A3-3. Ratio of Total Wt of Dust to Wt of Dust Tapped Out as a Function of the Wt of Dust Tapped Out over the Range
of 10.0to 30.0 mg.
-------
D)
i
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
o 12.0
Q.
Q.
(0
D)
10.0
8.0
"B 6.0
g
15
or
4.0
2.0
0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0
Weight of dust tapped out (mg)
Particle size < 53 urn « Particle size 150 um to 212 um ± Particle size 250 um to 2,000 um Fitted regression
Figure A3-4. Ratio of Total Wt of Dust Tapped Out as a Function of the Wt of Dust Tapped Out over the Entire Range
of 0.2 to 30.0 mg.
-------
If an attempt were to be made to correct the Pb concentrations from the HUD National
Survey, the results shown in the figures could be used for that purpose. That is, the
reported Pb concentration could be divided by the value of the ratio that corresponds to the
specific weight of dust tapped out. This calculation is illustrated by the equation below:
r^ >. j nu r^ Original Pb Concentration
Corrected Pb Cone = —2
Value of Ratio
where: Value of Ratio is determined based on the weight of dust tapped out, which was
used in the original calculation of the Pb concentration, as discussed below.
To provide a method for determination of the ratio value that could be used to correct
Pb concentrations calculated in the HUD National Survey, a regression analysis was
performed on the data from these experiments (i.e., Tables A3-1, A3-2, and A3-3). A
segmented linear model was fit to all 59 data points using PROC NLIN of SAS, a statistical
software package. The parameters of a second-order model followed by a first-order model
were estimated as well as the value of weight of dust tapped out at which the regression line
changes shape. Table A3-4 summarizes the regression results. The following two
equations provide the best fit to the data:
For Weight of Dust Tapped Out (Wt in mg)) below 2.90 mg:
Ratio = 30.71-19.54 (Wt) + 3.36 (Wt)2
\i
For Weight of Dust Tapped Out (Wt in mg) above 2.90 mg:
Ratio = 2.43-0.061 (Wt)
A-17
-------
Table A3-4. Regression Model Results
Tap dust range
0 to 2.90 mg
2.90 to 24.5 mg
Model parameters3
Intercept (se)
95% Cl
30.71 (2.27)
[26.16,35.26]
2.43 (NC)C
n 93 ? RRld
Linear term (se)
95% Cl
19.54(2.62)
[ 24.79, 14.30]
0.061 (0.023)
r n ma nni4i
Quadratic term
(se)
95% Cl
3.36 (0.65)
[2.06, 4.65]
NA
Model summary"
R2 = 86%
MSE = 1.4
se = standard error of parameter estimate
95% Cl = 95% confidence interval of parameter estimate
R2-value = percent variance in data explained by model (adjusted for number of parameters)
MSE = Mean Square Error of estimated ratio
NC: not calculated
95% Cl for ratio of 2.25 calculated at Weighttapped of 2.90
For any given weight of dust tapped out in the HUD National Survey data, the
appropriate equation above could be used to calculate the ratio value that should be used to
correct the Pb concentration that was calculated in the HUD National Survey using that
weight of dust tapped out. Use of the equations for that purpose does, of course, involve
some uncertainty. This is because the equations are based on the data from these laboratory
experiments, which utilized sieved dust that may not duplicate the characteristics of the
actual dust sampled in the HUD National Survey. Although differences in dust
characteristics could affect the ratio values, given the limited sample set it is not possible to
predict the nature and magnitude of the effect of such differences on the equations
developed from the laboratory experiments.
Based on the above equations, the corrected Pb concentrations may decrease by a
factor ranging from 2.3 to 1.0 for the larger weights of dust tapped out (above 2.90 mg).
But for weights of dust tapped out below 2.90 mg, the corrected Pb concentrations would
decrease by a factor that might range from 2.3 (for 2.90 mg tapped out) up to 21.8 (for
0.5 mg tapped out).
It should be noted that in these experiments, the lowest amount of dust tapped out was
0.7 mg, and it is very difficult to obtain such low amounts of dust tapped out. In this
report, the above equation yielded a ratio of 18.7 for 0.7 mg tapped out and a maximum
ratio of 30.7 for 0.0 mg tapped out. Obviously, it would be possible theoretically for no
A-18
-------
dust to be tapped out (0.0 mg) when there was some weight of dust in the cassettes, so the
ratio could be infinitely high. Thus, the use of the second equation above is only a best fit
of the data down to a weight tapped out of 0.7 mg. Use of the equation for lesser amounts
(e.g., < 0.7 mg tapped out) is uncertain, but it should provide conservatively low ratios for
the lesser amounts.
A-19
-------
A-20
-------
Section 4
Conclusions
From the results discussed in the previous section, it can be concluded that the total
weight of dust collected in Blue Nozzle cassettes is higher than the weight of dust that can
be tapped out the cassette, especially for smaller weights of dust tapped out. It can,
therefore, also be concluded that Pb concentrations in dust, determined using only the
weight of dust tapped out, are biased high and that the extent of the bias is likely quite high
for very small weights of dust tapped out.
A-21
-------
APPENDIX B
DATA TABLES FOR DUST-LEAD CONCENTRATIONS
FOR FLOOR, WINDOW SILL, AND WINDOW TROUGH SAMPLES IN THE
284 PRIVATELY-OWNED HOUSES IN THE HUD NATIONAL SURVEY
B-l
-------
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0130708 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0130906 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0131003 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0131102 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0131201 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Dust Tap
Weight
(mg)
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Original Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
Revised Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
95. 40
B-2
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-3
-------
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0311100 Entryway
Dry Floor
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-4
-------
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
0321307 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
j.l
B-5
-------
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0330308 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0331009 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0340406 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l.
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0340802 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Dust Tap
Weight
(mg)
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Original Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
Revised Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
B-6
-------
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
0351205 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-7
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
0430108 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
B-8
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
B-9
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
716.14
1152.84
256.50
5845835.49
12674.60
33237.82
26355.81
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
B-10
-------
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
0530105 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0530600 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0531301 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
0531400 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0540203 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0541201 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0541300 Entryway
Dry Floor
B-ll
-------
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
B-12
-------
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0720300 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
0720706 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0730606 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0820506 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Dust Tap
Weight
(mg)
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Original Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
Revised Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
B-13
-------
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
1.2 Uncarpeted
0.1 Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
B-14
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
B-15
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
B-16
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
1020502 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
B-17
-------
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
0 . 5
4.1
B-18
-------
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
B-19
-------
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
B-20
-------
34.6 Uncarpeted
18.1 Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
1322601 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-21
-------
1323609 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
B-22
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
1411909 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
1450907 Entryway
B-23
-------
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
1520204 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
1521400 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
1521509 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
1919.75
1919.75
1530104 Entryway
Dry Floor
B-24
-------
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
1531201 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
B-25
-------
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
1531706 Ent
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
1540202 Ent
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
1540400 Ent
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
1540806 Ent
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Sill
Sill
Trough
Trough
ryway
Floor
Floor
Sill
Sill
Trough
Trough
ryway
Floor
Floor
Sill
Sill
Trough
Trough
ryway
Floor
Floor
Sill
Sill
Trough
Trough
ryway
Floor
Floor
Sill
Sill
Trough
Trough
6.
0 .
65.
0 .
108.
23.
14 .
445.
0 .
825.
269.
9 .
10.
3.
0.
0 .
244 .
650.
165.
121.
7 .
49.
0 .
0.
1011.
324 .
5 .
74 .
0.
0 .
152.
0 .
. 4
.1
. 3
.1
.3
. 5
. 6
.8
. 4
9
.1
.1
. 3
. 0
.1
.1
. 8
.2
. 0
. 6
.3
. 5
.1
.1
.2
, 7
^
. 9
.1
.1
. 2
.1
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Dust Tap
Weight
(mg)
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Concentration Concentration
1541200 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
1550102 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
58.5 Carpeted
0.1
17.7 Uncarpeted
7.0 Uncarpeted
B-26
-------
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
B-27
-------
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
1730803 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
1731603 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
1740901 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
1741800 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
111.87
111.87
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Dust Tap
Weight
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Concentration Concentration
B-28
-------
ID
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
B-29
-------
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
1931906 Entryway
B-30
-------
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
1952506
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-31
-------
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
B-32
-------
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2130706 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2131902 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l.
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Dust Tap
Weight
(mg)
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Original Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
Revised Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
2151207 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
B-33
-------
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
B-34
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
15538.53
15538.53
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
2343606 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
B-35
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2421109 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
'441509 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-36
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
B-37
-------
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2521201
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
2521300
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
B-38
-------
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2551000
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
B-39
-------
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
Dust Tap
Weight
(mg)
Original Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
Revised Dust-Lead
Concentration
(pg/g)
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2610103 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2611101 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2620508 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
B-40
-------
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
303
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-41
-------
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
2721009 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
2731503 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
2731800 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
B-42
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
B-43
-------
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
?840403 Entryway
B-44
-------
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Dust Tap Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Weight Surface Concentration Concentration
(mg) Sampled (ug/g) (ug/g)
2931202 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
B-45
-------
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
0.1 Uncarpeted
0.1
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Table B-l. Original and Revised Dust-Lead Concentrations for All
Floor, Window Sill, and Window Trough Samples in the
284 Privately-Owned Houses in the HUD National Survey
House
ID
Sampling
Location
Original Dust-Lead Revised Dust-Lead
Surface Concentration Concentration
3020401 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
B-46
-------
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
j.l
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Carpeted
Carpeted
3050101 Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
Uncarpeted
Entryway
Dry Floor
Wet Floor
Dry Sill
Wet Sill
Dry Trough
Wet Trough
Carpeted
Carpeted
Uncarpeted
B-47
-------
50272-101
REPORT DOCUMENTATION
PAGE
1. REPORT NO.
EPA747-R-96-011
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Adjustments to the HUD National Survey Dust Data For Section 403 Analyses
5. Report Date
December 1996
6.
7. Author(s) Ronald G. Menton, Alan D. Pate, Paul G. Gorman
8. Performing Organization Report No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Battelle Memorial Institute
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
G002889-10,0003134-08
Midwest Research Institute
425 Volker Road
Kansas City, Missouri 64110
11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.
(C) 68-D5-0008,68-D2-0139
(G)
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
401 M. Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
13. Type of Report & Period Covered
Final Report
14.
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract (Limit 200 words)
Analyses being conducted to support the rule-making for Section 403 of Title IV of the Toxic Substances and Control Act require information on
environmental-lead levels in the national housing stock. The primary source of national environmental-lead levels is the HUD National Survey;
however, an issue regarding the quality of dust-lead concentrations for dust samples collected in the HUD National Survey was raised. Only the
weight of dust collected in the vacuum cassette was measured; rather than also measuring the amount of dust remaining on the vacuum filter.
Dust-lead concentrations were calculated as the total lead found in the tapped-out dust and residual dust on the filter divided by the weight of the
tapped-out dust. The dust-lead concentration will be biased if the tapped-out weight underestimates the total dust weight of the sample. The
objective of this study was to assess the potential bias and define a way to adjust for it.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to generate a database for understanding and addressing the bias, and a regression model developed for
correcting the bias was fitted to the laboratory data. Dust-lead concentrations reported in the HUD National Survey were then adjusted using
correction factors predicted by the regression model.
17. Document Analysis
a. Descriptors
Lead, Dust Sample, Dust-Lead Concentration, Bias, Statistical Analysis
b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
Blue Nozzle Vacuum, Tap Weight, Wipe Sample
c. COSATI Field/Group
B-48
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18. Availability Statement
Release Unlimited
19. Security Class (This Report)
Unclassified
20. Security Class (This Page)
Unclassified
21. No. of Pages
100
22. Price
(SeeANSI-Z39.18)
OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
(Formerly NTIS-35)
Department of Commerce
B-49
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