cua Quy Vj Tang
Truing NhipfhdNao?
ChiPOTig Trinh Tai Phat Triin Canh Ddng Nau va Nong Nghiep cua Dia Phuwng
&EPA
Cong d6ng tren toan qu6c SLF dung ngan khoan
"canh d6ng nau" d§ thlm dinh va lam sach nhi§u
khu VLFC hlu co th§ SLF dung chung cho cac muc
dich khac nhau, chang han nhu1 vu-an cho cpng
d6ng va chg cua nong dan. Canh d6ng nau
(brownfields) la danh tu1 am chi cac khu VLFC bi bo
hoang vi ngLFai ta lo ngai chung da bi 6 nhiim cho
du viec nay doi khi chu-a dLFgc kilm chu-ng. Nha vao
ngan khoan tL> EPA, tilu bang, bp lac, va cac ngu6n
tai ILFC khac, cpng d6ng co th§ thim dinh va lam
sach canh d6ng nau, tao ra cac khu VLFC sach se
d§ mpi ngLFai co th§ tr6ng trot thyc phim cua minh
hoac mua thyc phim tr6ng tai dia phLFong. Ti§n
trinh lam sach va tai phat triln bao dam cac khu chg
va khu tr6ng trot du-gc an toan va lanh manh.
NgLFai dan cang ngay cang bi§t nhi§u han v§ thyc
phim ho tieu thu, chang han nhu1 chung thupc loai
nao, du-gc tr6ng a dau, va dime chuyen cha d§n
khu chg dia phiwng bang each nao. Cac tin tik co
san do lam mot s6 ngLFai tieu thu u-a chupng han
loai thyc phim tr6ng tai dia phimng. Cac vLFan
cpng d6ng tao di§u kien cho ngLFai dan tr6ng trot
thLFC phim cua minh ngay tai nai ho sinh s6ng.
Cac khu chg nong dan giup CLF dan mua du-gc thuc
phim tr6ng tai dia phimng cung nhu1 cung dp nai
tieu thu san phim cho cac nong trai trong vung,
Cac ChM 6 Nhilm Dang Lo Ngai Co Thl Co Tren Canh D6ng Nau
Dau Hoa va cac phi chit cua Dau
Chi va cac loai kim loai khac
Cac Hoa Chit Hu>u Co Di Bay Hoi (VOCs)
Thudc Diet Con Trung
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Tuy chu-a co SLF LFac lu-gng toan quoc cho tong so
cac khu tr6ng trot tai tit ca cac dia phu-ang hoac
thanh ph6, cac hoi doan nhu1 Hoi Tr6ng Trot Dia
Phu-ang Hoa Ky (ACGA) LFac chu-ng co khoang han
18,000 khu tr6ng trot dia phiwng a Hoa Ky va Gia Na Dai.1 Cac hoi doan trong nhi§u thanh ph6 Ian quan tri nhCFng
khu tr6ng trot cho CLF dan. Q mot s6 thanh ph6, khu tr6ng trot dia phu-ang dLFgc quan tri bai cac ca quan di§u
hanh cong vien, trong khi a mot s6 nai khac, chung dLFgc quan tri bai nhCFng tinh nguyen vien thupc nha tha hoac
hoi CLFU trg thLFC phim. Theo Bp Nong Nghiep Hoa Ky, t6ng s6 cac khu chg nong dan da tang tai 6.8% tu1 nam
2006 d§n nam 2008, va k§ tL> nam 1994, t6ng s6 cac khu chg nong dan da tang gin han 3,000, cho tai nay la vao
khoang 4,600.2 Khap mpi nai trong nu-ac, nhi§u cpng d6ng d§u theo xu hu-ang nay bang each cai bi§n nhCFng khu
VLFC bi 6 nhiim thanh nai d§ ho co th§ tr6ng trot va buon ban thyc phlm dia phimng.
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Cong D6ng Don Sach va Tai Phat Triin Khu VLPC Bi 6 Nhiim Cho Nong Nghiep Dia Phuwig
Khu Vipon Cong 06ng Allen Street, Somerville, Massachusetts
Khu nay trimc day la khu nha a thupc thanh ph6 Somerville, tilu bang Massachusetts nhimg bi bo hoang k§ tip
thap nien 1950s. Nha vao ngu6n tai trg cua chiwng trinh Thim Dinh Canh 06ng Nau (Brownfields Assessment)
cua EPA, hai giai (loan thim dinh da dime thyc hien va k§t qua cho thly co chit 6 nhiim hien dien trong dlt cat
va nipac. Vao nam 2007, thanh ph6 bat dlu don sach khu vyc nay vai ngan khoan tip chiwng trinh Don Sach
Canh 06ng Nau (Brownfields Cleanup) cua EPA. Viec xay dyng Khu Vipan Cong 06ng Allen Street dime hoan tit
cu6i nam do. Trong su6t thai gian nay, thanh ph6 Somerville da ti§n hanh nhi§u n6 lye dac biet nham keu gpi sy
hgp tac cua nhi§u sac dan trong vung. Vai sy giup da cua nhi§u hoi doan dia phu-ang, thanh ph6 da phien dich
cac thong bao ra ti§ng Tay Ban Nha, vi§ng tham nai CLP ngu cua sac dan noi ti§ng Tay Ban Nha, va thanh lap mot
bu6i hoi thao cpng d6ng theo truy§n th6ng dia phu-ang d§ lly y ki§n cua CLP dan v§ k§ hoach cho khu viwn cpng
d6ng. Khu nay thupc mot trong tarn khu vipan dia phiwng cua thanh ph6, la nai nghi ngai thoai mai cho dan chung
cua Somerville—la mot thanh ph6 phat triln tot bye cua tilu bang New England—cung dp nai tr6ng hoa va rau
co cung nhu1 d§ ngu-ai dan trong cpng d6ng co th§ tai thu-ang ngoan nai minh sinh s6ng. Theo lai cua mot tinh
nguyen vien, co qua nhi§u ngu-ai mu6n tham gia vao khu nay; nan 25 ngiwi dang a trong danh sach cha dgi d§
du-gc mot 6 cho chinh minh.
• Khu tr6ng trot g6m mu-ai lam 6 da du-gc canh tac bai CLP dan cpng d6ng. Mot trong cac 6 nay dime thi§t k§ cho
ngiwi co khuy§t tat (dya theo Dao Luat Danh Cho Ngiwi My co Khuy§t Tat Americans with Disabilities Act) -
mot loai dlu tien cua thanh ph6.
• Hai tinh nguyen vien t6 chu-c viec thu don nai cong cpng va vao mua xuan, ho ghi danh nh&ng ngu-ai lam vu-an
mai va giup su-a soan cac 6 d§ tr6ng trot.
• Viec su1 dung phan bon hoa hoc va thu6c diet trung tuyet d6i bi ngan can trong khu tr6ng trot.
Khu Chg Nong Dan Shelton, Shelton, Connecticut
I
•-—• |iB -a
Cirdan mua sam a cha nong dan Shelton, CT.
Khu chg nong dan tai thanh ph6 Shelton, tilu bang
Connecticut du-gc ma m6i thu1 Bay va thu1 Tu1 tu1 thang Bay
d§n thang Mu-ai tai mot khu vyc mai dime xay clt rpng
2,220 mlu Anh. Khu nay nam trong Cong Vien Shelton
Enterprise & Commerce, la viec dlu tien d§ tai phat triln
khu ba biln thupc trung tarn thanh ph6. K§t qua thlm
dinh moi tru-ang sa khai a nai day cho thly viec thu don
khong cln thiet Tuy nhien, trong khi xay clt, chit 6 nhiim
da dime phat hien trong dlt cat. Vao nam 2005, thanh ph6 da dat mot lap lot tarn thai va soi da phu len nai bi 6
nhiim d§ viec xay clt co th§ du-gc hoan tit mot each an toan. Khu chg nong dan dime khanh thanh cu6i nam do.
06ng thai, thanh ph6 da npp dan va du-gc chip thuan mot tai khoan cua chu-ang trinh Don Sach Canh 06ng Nau
(Brownfields Cleanup) cua EPA vao nam 2005, giup ho thao bo lap bpc tarn thai va s6 dlt 6 nhiim d§ thay vao do
dlt sach cho mot lap bpc vmh viin mai dime xay clt. Lap bpc vmh viin nay ngan chan lap dlt bi 6 nhiim va chipa
bi dao xai vui sau du-ai mat dlt. Khu chg nong dan vln ma cu-a trong khoang thai gian thu don va ti§p tuc cung
dp cho CLP dan nh&ng san phim tr6ng tai dia phimng.
• Viec thu don dime hoan tit vao thang Gieng nam 2006.
• Lap dlt bpc vmh viin bao dam s6 dlt 6 nhiim con lai du-gc chon sau diwi mat dlt va se khong gay tai hai cho
moi sinh va SLFC khoe.
• Khu chg nong dan m6i tuln co it nhlt mimi hai gian hang thyc phim, hoa qua, va d6 thu cong nghe thu hut du
khach tai ba biln cua trung tarn thanh ph6 Shelton.
ft
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Y NghTa cua Chipong Trinh Tai Phat Triin Canh Ddng Nau cho Cong D6ng
Tai phat triln canh d6ng nau co th§ d6i pho vln d§ 6 nhiim trong cpng d6ng va tao nen tai san cho cpng d6ng.
Ngoai viec don sach khu VLFC, viec tai dung canh d6ng nau con mang d§n nhCmg ich Igi v§ moi sinh khac; do la viec
tai phat triln nai do thanh khu tr6ng trot cua cpng d6ng va tao nai cho nong dan cung dp thyc phlm tiwi cua dia
phLFang cho cpng d6ng, cung nhu1 tao ca hoi phat triln kinh t§ cho cac khu tr6ng trot nho. Cac khu VLFC bi ho hoang
nay dLFgc bi§n cai thanh nai hoi hop cua cpng d6ng d§ CLF dan dime thu hu-ang va cam thly hanh dien v§ nai minh
sinh s6ng.
Mot cupc nghien CLFU v§ mot khu VLFC thupc thanh ph6 Philadelphia da imc liwng rang cai ti§n mot khu dlt hoang
lam tang gia tri cua vung dlt chung quanh do len 30%.3 Them vao do, mot cupc nghien CLFU khac gin day a thanh
ph6 St. Louis, thupc tilu bang Missouri cho thly SLFC s6ng trong vung, thu-ang dLFgc th§ hien bang cac y§u t6 nhu1
SLF tang trLFang v§ gia tri cua bit dpng san, SLF tang trLFang cua Igi tik gia dinh va SLF giam thilu cua ngheo doi,
dLFgc cai ti§n bai cac khu tr6ng trot gin do. 4 Cac cupc nghien CLFU nay cho thly thu don vung dlt bi 6 nhiim va
tao nai cho nong nghiep dia phLFang phat triln co nhi§u Igi ich sau sa cho cpng d6ng.
Cac cpng d6ng mong mu6n thi§t lap hoac banh tru-ang khu tr6ng trot, nong trai hoac chg bua tren cac canh d6ng
nau nen thlm dinh gia tri nai do va thu don chung, n§u cln thi§t, d§ bao dam nai do an toan cho viec tr6ng trot
thyc phlm. Cpng d6ng co th§ hoc hoi nhi§u vln d§ b6 ich tu1 cac chuyen gia v§ canh d6ng nau, ngu-ai giau kinh
nghiem v§ nong nghiep thanh ph6, va ngu-ai chuyen mon v§ tr6ng trot, nong trai va vu-an nho thanh ph6, cay canh
va hoa co, d§ tao moi trLFang s6ng mai me.
Cac BiPO'C tiin tip Canh D6ng Nau tm Khu
Trdng Trot Cong Ddng
Chuan Bi
Lien lac Ca Quan Moi Sinh va van phong phu trach
nong nghiep thupc tilu bang cua quy vi, hoac lien lac
nhan vien di§u hanh chu-ang trinh Canh D6ng Nau
thupc EPA trong vung, hoac nhom canh d6ng nau cua
tilu bang va bp lac d§ bi§t ho da thlm dinh hoac thu
don khu VLFC do chLFa hoac ho co ngan khoan danh
cho viec thlm dinh (dime gpi la targeted brownfields
assessment, vi§t tat TBA) d§ h6 trg viec lam cua quy
vi hay khong.
Npp dan xin ngan khoan Canh 06ng Nau (Brownfield
grant) n§u cln d§ thlm dinh va thu don khu VLFC do.
Ban vai nhan vien thupc thanh ph6 hoac thi trln v§
viec SLF dung tarn thai hoac vmh viin khu dlt bo
hoang cho viec tr6ng trot.
Thlm dinh khu VLFC trimc khi quy§t dinh mua, mu-an,
hoac mimn d§ bao dam khu do an toan cho thyc
phlm.
Hoc hoi phimng phap SLF dung cac vat lieu it hai d§n
moi sinh nan khi thi§t lap khu tr6ng trot cua quy vi tu1
mang cua D§ An Khu VLFC B§n Bi (Sustainable Sites
Initiative) tai: www.sustainablesites.org/.
Mua chit bon sach hoac phan bon tu1 cac nai dLFgc
chu-ng thLFC d§ phu len khu tr6ng trot.
Kiem Tra Dat Cat Tncac Khi Mua Bat Dong San
Cac Chit 6 Nhiim Moi Sinh
Trimc khi mua, nhan, hoac mu-gn bit dpng san d§
tr6ng trot, hay nghTd§n viec Thlm Dinh Moi TrLFang
Giai Doan I. No bao g6m nhi§u thu1 nhLF kilm tra
viec SLF dung bit dpng san trong qua khu1, phong
vln CLF dan trong khu VLFC, va kilm tra bang mat.
(Mu6n co them chi ti§t v§ canh d6ng nau hoac co
cac thac mac lien quan khac, hay vi§ng www.epa.
gov/brownfields hoac vao mang www.ASTM.org d§
biit v§ qui dinh ASTM E1527-05.) Viec Thlm Dinh
Moi Tru-ang Giai Doan I se giup qui vi xac dinh tinh
trang 6 nhiim cua bit dpng san. Giai Doan II ti§p
tuc viec thlm dinh moi tru-ang ky cang han bang
each kilm tra them khu VLFC va thi> nghiem mlu dlt
cat nai do.
Phlm Chit Dlt va Diiu Kien Tang Truwng
Thu1 nghiem dlt va bao dam dlt co n6ng dp pH,
chit mlu ma va chit hCFu ca thich hgp la viec quan
trong cln phai lam n§u quy vi mu6n khu tr6ng trot
cua minh tang truang lanh manh va ti§t kiem nu-ac.
Mu6n co chi ti§t v§ cac dich vu thu1 nghiem dlt, xin
vao phln tai lieu tren mang cua USDA Cooperative
Extension System dimi day. www.csrees.usda.
gov/Extension/index.html orwww.extension.org/
horticulture
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• Tan dung thien nhien d§ ti§t kiem thai gian va ti§n bac. Mu6n hoc hoi them phiwng phap nay, xin vao mang
cua EPA tai: www.epa.gov/greenscapes.
Thanh Lap Khu Trdng Trot Cong Ddng
• Lien lac Van Phong Phuc Vu Nong Nghiep cua nai quy vi d§ dime chi din v§ each thu1 nghiem dlt cat va cay
c6i trong vung.
• Doc sach hiwng din each thi§t lap khu tr6ng trot cpng d6ng ('Community Garden Start-Up Guide') cua Vien
Dai Hoc UC Davis d§ hoc hoi them: celosangeles.ucdavis.edu/garden/articles/startup_guide.html.
• Thi§t k§ khu tr6ng trot phu hgp cho mpi lu-a tu6i va kha nang cua ho. N§u nai do co di§u kien, xay mot khu gin
l6i ra vao cho nh&ng ngu-ai ng6i tren xe Ian va mot khu d§ tre em co th§ tr6ng an toan.
• Phat triln nhom sinh hoat trong khu tr6ng trot cpng d6ng cua quy vi va hgp tac vai cac nhom khac d§ cai ti§n
moi tru-ang, thyc phim, SLFC khoe, chu-ang trinh giao due, k§ hoach phattriln va sinh hoat cpng d6ng. Mu6n
bi§t them v§ cac Igi ich cua khu tr6ng trot, xin vi§ng mang sau day: www.gardenworksmn.org/Resources/
multiple_benefits.pdf.
• Su1 dung tuyet d6i nhCpng thu1 hCpu ca trong khu tr6ng trot cua quy vi. Tranh dung phan bon hoa hoc, thu6c diet
trung, sau bp, va co dai.
Danh sach a trang k§ cung dp sy n6i k§t d§n cac mang ph6 bi§n tin tu-c va tai lieu v§ viec lam sach canh d6ng
nau cung nhu1 viec tai dung nai do thanh khu tr6ng trot hoac khu chg bua.
Danh Sach Cac Mang Cung Cip Tai Lieu v§ SIP H6 Tro5 Tai Chinh va Ky Thuat
Mang v§ Canh D6ng Nau
U.S. EPA Brownfields Funding
www.epa.gov/brownfields/pilot.htm
U.S. EPA Brownfields Success Stories
www.epa.gov/brownfields/success/sacramento_
ca_BRAG.pdf
www.epa.gov/brownfields/success/hartford.pdf
U.S. EPA Brownfields State and Tribal funding
www.epa.gov/brownfields/statejribal.htm
U.S. EPA Brownfields TBA funding
www.epa.gov/brownfields/facts/tba_0403.pdf
Kansas State University EPA TAB Grantee
www.engg.ksu.edu/CHSR/outreach/tab/
State Cleanup Programs
www.epa.gov/brownfields/pubs/st_res_prog_report.htm
U.S. EPAs GreenScapes Program
www.epa.gov/greenscapes/
Groundwork USA
www.groundworkusa.net/
Growing Power
www.growingpower.org/
American Community Gardening Association
www.communitygarden.org/
National Gardening Association
www.garden.org/home
USDA Cooperative Extension System
www.csrees.usda.gov/Extension/index.htmlor
www.extension.org/horticulture
USDAAIternative Farming Systems Information Center
afsic.nal.usda.gov/
USDA Farmers Markets information
www.ams.usda.gov/farmersmarkets/
North American Farmers' Direct Marketing Association
www.nafdma.com/FMC2/
Farmers Market Coalition
www.farmersmarketcoalition .org/
American Horticulture Society Master Gardeners
www.ahs.org/master_gardeners/
&EPA
Vuun cua Quy Vi Tang Truung Nhu The Nao?
Chuung Trinh Tai Phat Trien Canh Ddng Nau
va Nong Nghiep cua Bia Phuung
Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency
Response (5105T)
EPA-560-F-11-020
March 2011
www.epa.gov/brownfields
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