US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs
Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit
Exposure Surrogate Reference Table
April 8, 2011

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US EPA/ Office of Pesticide Programs/ Health Effects Division
Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit Exposure Surrogate Reference Table
Scenario
Mixing/ Loading Dry Flowable
Mixing/ Loading Granules
Mixing/ Loading Liquids
Mixing / Loading Wettable Powders
Liquids
Applicator, Aerial,
Fixed-Wing
Granules
Applicator, Aerosol Can
Exposure
Route
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) Level1
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Engineering control
(water-soluble packaging)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(water-soluble packaging)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves
Engineering control
(closed loading system)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(closed loading system)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Engineering control
(closed loading system)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(closed loading system)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Engineering control
(water-soluble packaging)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(water-soluble packaging)
Engineering control
(Enclosed cockpit)
Engineering control
(Enclosed cockpit)
Engineering control
(Enclosed cockpit)
Engineering control
(Enclosed cockpit)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Data
Source2
AHETF
AHETF
AHETF
PHED
AHETF
AHETF
AHETF
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
AHETF
AHETF
AHETF
PHED
AHETF
AHETF
AHETF
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
Statistic
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Unit Exposure
(Hg/lbai)
227
51.6
41.2
9.8
8.96
1.79
0.90
0.24
8.4
6.9
3.4
8.6
1.7
0.34
0.17
0.083
220
37.6
29.1
8.6
0.219
0.04
0.02
0.083
3700
170
130
9.8
43.4
8.68
4.34
0.24
5.0
0.068
1.7
1.3
190000
81000
64000
Page 1 of5

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US EPA/ Office of Pesticide Programs/ Health Effects Division
Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit Exposure Surrogate Reference Table
Scenario

Applicator, Open Cab Airblast
Applicator, Open Cab Groundboom
Applicator, Open Cab Solid Broadcast
Spreader
Applicator, Granules by Hand
Applicator, Low-pressure Handwand
Applicator, High-pressure Handwand
Exposure
Route
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) Level1
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Engineering control
(Enclosed Cab)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(Enclosed Cab)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Engineering control
(Enclosed Cab)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(Enclosed Cab)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves (E)
Double layer, gloves (B, E)
Engineering control
(Enclosed Cab)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(Enclosed Cab)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Data
Source2
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
AHETF
AHETF
AHETF
PHED
AHETF
AHETF
AHETF
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
Statistic
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Unit Exposure
(Hg/lbai)
1300
260
130
360
240
220
19
4.5
0.90
0.45
0.45
78.6
16.1
12.6
5.1
0.34
0.07
0.03
0.043
9.9
7.2
4.2
2.0
1.2
0.24
0.12
0.22
104000
71000
40280
470
94
47
12000
7100
4100
940
188
94
1800
640
365
79
15.8
7.9
Page 2 of5

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US EPA/ Office of Pesticide Programs/ Health Effects Division
Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit Exposure Surrogate Reference Table
Scenario
Applicator, Paintbrush
Applicator, Airless Sprayer
Applicator, Rights-of-Way Sprayer
Liquids
Granules
Mixer/ Loader/ Applicator, Belly
Grinder
Mixer / Loader / Applicator, "Push-
type" Rotary Spreader
... ,, . , Liquids
Mixer/ Loader/
Applicator, Low-
pressure Handwand
Wettable
Powder
Exposure
Route
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) Level1
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves (E)
Double layer, gloves (B, E)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves (E)
Double layer, gloves (B, E)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves (F)
Single layer, gloves (E, F)
Double layer, gloves (E, G)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Data
Source2
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
Statistic
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Unit Exposure
(Hg/lbai)
180000
2400
2200
280
56
28
38000
14300
13600
830
166
83
1300
390
290
3.9
0.78
0.39
11
12
10.6
0.35
0.07
0.04
2.75
2.73
1.59
0.15
0.03
0.02
10000
9300
5700
62
12.4
6.2
440
240
130
10
2.0
1.0
100000
430
365
30
6.0
3.0
29000
8600
620
Page 3 of 5

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US EPA/ Office of Pesticide Programs/ Health Effects Division
Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit Exposure Surrogate Reference Table
Scenario


Mixer / Loader / Applicator,
Backpack Sprayer
Mixer / Loader / Applicator, High-
pressure Handwand
Mixer/ Loader/
Applicator, Handgun
Sprayer
Liquids
Water-
dispersible
Granules
Wettable
Powders
Applicator, Termiticide Injection
Exposure
Route
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) Level1
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
Engineering control
(water-soluble packaging)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Engineering control
(water-soluble packaging)
Single layer, no gloves (A)
Single layer, gloves
Double layer, gloves (B)
No Respirator
PF5 (C)
PF10(D)
Data
Source2
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
ORETF
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
PHED
Statistic
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
"Best fit"
Unit Exposure
(Hg/lbai)
1100
220
110
2510
2500
1600
30
6.0
3.0
3500
2500
1600
120
24
12
1140
880
450
1.9
0.38
0.19
1960
1400
740
42
8.40
4.20
1650
1210
630
855
250
50
25
18
1300
360
250
2.2
0.44
0.22
1 Single layer = long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes plus socks. Double layer = "coveralls" in addition to single layer.
Exposure monitoring data representing all levels of PPE for all scenarios is unavailable. In order to represent different PPE levels, exposure values are
calculated using assumptions for the protection afforded by additional layers of clothing, chemical-resistant gloves, or respirators. If a scenario uses such
calculations, they are identified in the table with one or more of the following notations:
(A) "No glove" hand exposure back-calculated from available "gloved hand" exposure data assuming a protection factor of 0.9.
(B) "Double layer" body exposure calculated from available "single layer" body exposure data assuming a protection factor of 0.5.
(C) "PF5" respirator exposure calculated from available "no respirator" exposure data assuming a protection factor of 0.8.
(D) "PF10" respirator exposure calculated from available "no respirator" exposure data assuming a protection factor of 0.9.
(E) "Gloved" hand exposure calculated from available "no glove" hand exposure data assuming a protection factor of 0.9.
Page 4 of5

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Scenario
Exposure
Route
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) Level1
Data
Source2
Statistic
Unit Exposure
(ug/lbai)
                                  US EPA/ Office of Pesticide Programs/ Health Effects Division
                            Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit Exposure Surrogate Reference Table
(F)   "Single layer" body exposure calculated from available "total deposition" body exposure data assuming a protection factor of 0.5.
(G)   "Double layer" body exposure calculated from available "total deposition" body exposure data assuming a protection factor of 0.25.

If a scenario does not have one of these notations, the data underlying the recommended values is a direct match for the indicated level of PPE.

2 PHED = Pesticide Handler Exposure Database; AHETF = Agricultural Handler Exposure Task Force; ORETF = Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force.
                                                            Page 5 of 5

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