x°/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
FACTOIDS:
Drinking Water
and Ground
Water Statistics
for 2009
-------
Office of Water (4601M)
EPA
November 2009
www. epa.gov/safewater/data
-------
Introduction
There are approximately 153,530 public drinking water systems in the United States. Each of
these systems regularly supplies drinking water to at least 25 people or 15 service connections.
Beyond their common purpose, these systems vary widely. The following tables group water
systems into categories that show their similarities and differences. For example, the first table
shows that most people in the US (294 million) get their water from a community water system.
There are approximately 52,000 community water systems, but just eight percent of those
systems (4,132) serve 82 percent of the population. The second table shows that more water
systems have ground water than surface water as a source - but more people drink from a
surface water system. Other tables break down these national numbers by state, territory, and
EPA region.
This package also contains figures on the types and locations of underground injection control
wells. EPA and the States regulate the placement and operation of these wells to ensure that
they do not threaten underground sources of drinking water. The underground injection control
program statistics are based on separate reporting from the States to EPA.
The drinking water system statistics on the following pages are taken from the Safe Drinking
Water Information System/Federal version (SDWIS/Fed). SDWIS/Fed is the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's official record of public drinking water systems, their violations of state and
EPA regulations, and enforcement actions taken by EPA or states as a result of those
violations. EPA maintains the database using information collected and submitted by the states.
Notice: Compliance statistics are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe
Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some
data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data.
An analysis of SDWIS/Fed data quality is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/data/reports.html.
For more information and additional drinking water data tables, please visit
http://www.epa.qov/safewater/data/qetdata.html.
Acronyms & Abbreviations
CWS Community Water System
FY Government Fiscal Year running from October 1 through September 30
GPRA Government Performance and Results Act-program measures
M/R Monitoring/Reporting violation (water system's failure to monitor for, or report to
the state, the level of a contaminant on the required schedule)
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level (the legal limit on a contaminant in drinking water)
MRDL Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (for disinfectants added to drinking water)
NTNCWS Non-Transient Non-Community Water System
Other Other violations of EPA rules (including failure to provide public notice of another
violation, or failure to prepare and/or distribute a Consumer Confidence Report)
Pop. Served Population served (by a water system)
PWS Public Water System
PWSS Public Water System Supervision program
SDWIS/FED Safe Drinking Water System/Federal version
TNCWS Transient Non-Community Water System
TT Treatment Technique (a drinking water treatment required by EPA or state rules)
-------
FY 2009 Drinking Water Factoids
Public Water System Inventory Data
Data consist of active, current systems found in the Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal version (SDWIS/FED) 09Q3 "frozen" inventory table.
System Size by Population Served
Very Small
500 or less
Small
501-3,300
Medium
3,301-10,000
Large
10,001-100,000
Very Large
>100,000
Total
cws
NTNCWS
TNCWS
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
28,804 13,820 4,871 3,746 410
4,820,949 19,806,741 28,402,697 106,856,965 134,452,529
56% 27% 9% 7% 1%
2% 7% 10% 36% 46%
15,619 2,625 132 18 1
2,195,162 2,704,116 699,947 440,980 203,000
85% 14% 1% 0% 0%
35% 43% 11% 7% 3%
80,703 2,681 87 11 2
7,147,163 2,598,895 471,533 360,715 2,725,000
97% 3% 0% 0% 0%
54% 20% 4% 3% 20%
51 ,651
294,339,881
100%
100%
18,395
6,243,205
100%
100%
83,484
13,303,306
100%
100%
Total # systems
125,126
19,126
5,090
3,775
413
153,530
CWS
NTNCWS
TNCWS
Community Water System: A public water system that supplies water to the same population year-
round.
Non-Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that regularly supplies water
to at least 25 of the same people at least six months per year, but not year-round. Some examples
are schools, factories, office buildings, and hospitals which have their own water systems.
Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that provides water in a place
such as a gas station or campground where people do not remain for long periods of time and is
open at least 60 days/year.
Water Source
Type
Ground Water Surface Water
Totals
CWS
NTNCWS
TNCWS
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
40,025 11,617
88,032,021 206,264,490
78% 22%
30% 70%
17,688 702
5,415,937 820,476
96% 4%
87% 13%
81,492 1,978
10,754,201 2,548,200
98% 2%
81% 19%
51 ,642
294,296,511
100%
100%
18,390
6,236,413
100%
100%
83,470
13,302,401
100%
100%
Total # systems
139,205
14,297
153,502
Ground Water Systems having ground water (GW) and purchased ground water (GWP) sources
Surface Water Systems having surface water (SW), purchased surface water (SWP), ground water under the
direct influence of surface water (GU), and purchased ground water under the direct influence of
surface water (GUP) sources
Data are based on SDWIS/FED 09Q3 tables were "frozen" in early October 2009
-------
FY2009 Water System Data by State
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 09Q3 frozen violations table
# systems
Pop served
AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
Ml
MN
MO
MS
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
436 245 896
585,235 61,824 108,030
531 27 61
5,472,867 16,146 6,841
708 35 352
2,647,496 8,917 20,652
798 21 0 584
6,115,466 128,659 113,389
2,961 1 ,365 2,808
39,377,730 376,722 1 ,438,842
860 169 993
5,264,265 74,354 250,546
566 600 1 ,487
2,650,150 114,208 57,916
5 1
606,730 370 0
212 91 186
888,989 26,347 53,106
1,773 915 3,033
18,977,875 250,819 254,817
1 ,777 208 498
8,278,872 65,697 82,202
113 15 2
1 ,441 ,427 1 1 ,260 375
1,134 133 683
2,685,264 47,390 80,908
752 225 987
1,091,272 52,116 106,193
1 ,756 402 3,573
12,049,873 129,074 359,037
820 604 2,832
4,710,557 194,504 378,003
895 48 90
2,572,953 20,645 4,195
405 27 47
4,450,773 12,271 6,384
1,069 150 231
4,887,944 56,344 60,126
530 271 928
9,314,153 73,462 139,444
484 561 2,482
5,145,864 160,542 216,098
381 359 1,160
661,560 68,358 183,582
1 ,404 1 ,464 8,686
7,614,815 336,872 1,020,307
958 523 5,781
4,191,398 78,401 536,240
1 ,478 250 1 ,057
5,175,712 76,761 116,403
1,117 84 76
3,083,388 75,091 10,216
1,577
755,089
619
5,495,854
1,095
2,677,065
1,592
6,357,514
7,134
41,193,294
2,022
5,589,165
2,653
2,822,274
6
607,100
489
968,442
5,721
19,483,511
2,483
8,426,771
130
1 ,453,062
1,950
2,813,562
1,964
1,249,581
5,731
12,537,984
4,256
5,283,064
1,033
2,597,793
479
4,469,428
1,450
5,004,414
1,729
9,527,059
3,527
5,522,504
1,900
913,500
1 1 ,554
8,971 ,994
7,262
4,806,039
2,785
5,368,876
1,277
3,168,695
1 ,306 271
345,569 409,520
378 241
1 ,504,920 3,990,934
691 404
905,386 1 ,771 ,679
1 ,534 58
2,914,624 3,442,890
5,906 1 ,228
7,666,318 33,526,976
1,504 518
716,451 4,872,714
2,574 79
426,441 2,395,833
6
607,100
482 7
485,092 483,350
5,647 74
15,721,585 3,761,926
2,250 233
1 ,770,332 6,656,439
118 12
1,291,355 161,707
1,799 151
1,510,584 1,302,978
1 ,884 80
990,020 259,561
4,996 735
3,570,467 8,967,517
4,137 119
2,929,182 2,353,882
654 379
708,785 1 ,889,008
153 326
416,484 4,052,944
1 ,359 91
2,994,442 2,009,972
1,513 216
1 ,934,787 7,592,272
3,404 123
935,549 4,586,955
1,818 82
467,894 445,606
1 1 ,247 307
3,068,050 5,903,944
7,149 113
3,467,539 1 ,338,500
2,538 247
1,851,384 3,517,492
1,264 13
2,933,268 235,427
76
33,998
35
227,967
137
644,578
106
200,764
304
941,301
92
165,381
55
70,230
1
17
24,980
143
842,352
88
424,043
7
88,715
71
92,106
133
181,851
108
529,661
64
361,196
110
170,152
38
344,876
124
756,459
71
835,037
50
1 ,693,762
63
94,128
113
123,467
59
205,420
195
276,645
100
379,259
17%
6%
7%
4%
19%
24%
13%
3%
10%
2%
11%
3%
10%
3%
20%
0%
8%
3%
8%
4%
5%
5%
6%
6%
6%
3%
18%
17%
6%
4%
8%
8%
12%
7%
9%
8%
12%
15%
13%
9%
10%
33%
17%
14%
8%
2%
6%
5%
13%
5%
9%
12%
-------
# systems
Pop served
FY2009 Water System Data by State
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 09Q3 frozen violations table
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
Rl
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
Wl
WV
WY
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
686 254 1,157
716,606 79,028 176,244
2,129 455 3,753
7,366,427 124,936 318,186
332 24 152
568,478 3,658 13,893
596 162 566
1,478,839 52,263 53,618
706 450 1 ,265
854,669 96,692 318,595
614 803 2,423
8,785,575 354,170 416,911
623 160 456
1 ,704,947 51 ,956 77,437
215 105 242
2,529,692 41,609 23,171
2,668 749 5,877
17,953,613 313,262 2,845,236
1 ,261 796 2,983
10,350,734 228,342 424,427
1,103 105 363
3,519,562 21,230 30,432
871 336 1 ,423
3,199,133 71,637 212,474
2,073 1,227 6,109
10,757,852 521,004 779,324
87 72 284
977,970 26,431 48,774
612 139 736
3,819,317 42,383 40,981
457 26 173
686,897 8,180 22,977
483 46 355
6,095,241 26,463 56,565
4,649 855 1 ,234
24,630,929 511,200 249,813
465 68 490
2,686,530 30,015 75,574
1,198 565 1,116
6,553,650 307,903 171,198
445 242 679
452,470 41,814 97,807
2,253 320 1 ,575
6,172,424 143,150 394,578
1 ,074 877 9,531
3,987,846 209,247 716,891
498 122 456
1,498,069 39,313 32,911
308 89 378
444,979 23,369 74,672
2,097
971 ,878
6,337
7,809,549
508
586,029
1,324
1 ,584,720
2,421
1 ,269,956
3,840
9,556,656
1,239
1 ,834,340
562
2,594,472
9,294
21,112,111
5,040
1 1 ,003,503
1,571
3,571,224
2,630
3,483,244
9,409
12,058,180
443
1,053,175
1,487
3,902,681
656
718,054
884
6,178,269
6,738
25,391 ,942
1,023
2,792,119
2,879
7,032,751
1,366
592,091
4,148
6,710,152
1 1 ,482
4,913,984
1,076
1 ,570,293
775
543,020
1,881 216
540,052 431 ,826
5,892 445
1,984,364 5,825,185
399 109
265,824 320,205
1 ,264 60
745,620 839,100
2,364 57
739,868 530,088
3,722 118
3,707,519 5,849,137
1,165 74
1,085,421 748,919
523 39
294,981 2,299,491
7,996 1 ,298
5,482,338 15,629,773
4,726 314
3,461 ,001 7,542,502
838 733
660,538 2,910,686
2,324 306
787,167 2,696,077
8,816 593
2,600,087 9,458,093
416 27
210,121 843,054
1,143 344
616,963 3,285,718
515 141
312,723 405,331
529 355
1 ,483,034 4,695,235
5,489 1 ,249
7,266,177 18,125,765
891 1 32
824,644 1 ,967,475
2,492 387
779,408 6,253,343
1,248 118
317,127 274,964
3,889 259
3,049,884 3,660,268
1 1 ,428 54
3,063,447 1 ,850,537
742 334
306,738 1 ,263,555
637 1 38
196,626 346,394
95
78,998
322
701 ,741
19
13,265
137
164,688
108
80,473
44
1 ,672,522
98
232,416
37
117,583
281
1 ,857,850
73
404,712
213
748,790
97
69,210
175
586,558
10
76,574
37
380,537
57
35,296
38
303,020
423
1 ,462,779
45
134,484
135
135,054
82
47,372
215
104,501
93
337,714
37
135,834
20
7,576
14%
11%
15%
10%
6%
2%
23%
11%
15%
9%
7%
19%
16%
14%
17%
5%
11%
10%
6%
4%
19%
21%
11%
2%
8%
5%
11%
8%
6%
10%
12%
5%
8%
5%
9%
6%
10%
5%
11%
2%
18%
10%
10%
2%
9%
8%
7%
9%
6%
2%
50,329
287,735,077
18,029
5,886,409
83,289
13,276,541
151,647
137,634
102,308,180
14,013
204,589,847
5,251
19,597,875
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FY2009 Water System Data - Tribal
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 09Q3
# systems
Pop served
frozen violations table
Region
01
02
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
Navajo
Nation
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
3 2 1
90,594 60 40
7 1 1
11,071 175 200
14 2 15
21,042 1,107 1,576
77 24 7
97,937 26,931 500
50 23 14
72,919 81,606 2,809
924
5,394 1 ,250 755
111 14 8
89,828 5,294 481
237 51 32
283,197 95,417 6,696
83 18 10
45,057 36,125 915
1 42 15 5
144,656 4,596 909
6
90,694
9
1 1 ,446
31
23,725
108
125,368
87
157,334
15
7,399
133
95,603
320
385,310
111
82,097
162
150,161
4 1
195 48,836
7 2
2,097 9,349
30 1
14,225 9,500
106 2
124,879 489
77 9
135,371 15,963
14 1
6,699 700
108 25
69,592 26,01 1
296 24
338,421 46,889
98 13
51,419 30,678
157 5
132,351 17,810
1
95
1
42
2
701
7
9,325
2
900
11
8,649
70
105,613
8
5,783
15
31,025
33%
0%
14%
0%
3%
1%
14%
13%
22%
17%
10%
10%
30%
37%
10%
13%
11%
21%
733 152 97 982 897 83 15
861,695 252,561 14,881 875,249 206,225 31,025
FY2009 Water System Data - Commonwealths and Territories
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 09Q3
frozen violations table
# systems
Pop served
Amer.
Samoa
Guam
N. Marianas
Islands
Puerto Rico
Virgin
Islands
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
19
51 ,435
5 4
194,286 2,090
44 23 11
81 ,708 7,428 794
440 52 6
5,333,336 48,848 1 ,894
81 135 81
82,344 45,869 9,196
19
51 ,435
9
196,376
78
89,930
498
5,384,078
297
137,409
13 6
5,277 46,158
6 3
155,840 40,536
75 3
22,429 67,501
286 212
769,275 4,614,803
294 3
65,909 71 ,500
5
1,158
5
66,780
235
3,324,254
7
997
26%
2%
0%
0%
11%
82%
53%
62%
9%
1%
589 214 98 901 674 227 252
5,743,109 104,235 11,884 1,018,730 4,840,498 3,393,189
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)-Strategic
Sub-objective for Drinking Water 2.1.1
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how well
they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have gathered, and
communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the public.
EPA Strategic Objective 2.1: Protect Public Health, Sub-objective 2.1.1: Water Safe To Drink:
By 2011, 91 percent of the population served by community water systems will receive drinking
water that meets all applicable health-based drinking water standards through approaches
including effective treatment and source water protection. (2005 Baseline: 89 percent of
population; note that year-to-year performance is expected to change over time as new
standards take effect.)
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in
this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data.
Nationally
9 10
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
92.1%
92.0%
91.5%
89.4%
88.5%
90.0%
89.6%
93.6%
90.8%
90.7%
90.5%
89.0%
86.5%
85.6%
83.8%
83.0%
78.8%
92%
91%
92%
92%
92%
93%
89%
88%
65%
62%
75%
64%
62%
60%
57%
57%
60%
79%
82%
76%
61%
55%
80%
54%
81%
77%
76%
61%
60%
55%
53%
52%
55%
56%
90%
90%
95%
93%
93%
85%
95%
98%
98%
97%
98%
97%
97%
92%
91%
87%
85%
94%
94%
93%
93%
93%
93%
93%
96%
95%
95%
95%
95%
93%
93%
92%
90%
90%
95%
95%
93%
92%
94%
96%
95%
94%
92%
95%
95%
95%
92%
92%
92%
88%
77%
90%
89%
92%
88%
88%
92%
93%
93%
96%
96%
95%
95%
93%
94%
88%
87%
92%
94%
83%
93%
91%
91%
91%
93%
95%
90%
95%
95%
94%
95%
95%
95%
94%
93%
96%
96%
97%
96%
95%
92%
92%
97%
94%
94%
94%
93%
91%
93%
90%
91%
92%
97%
98%
95%
98%
95%
86%
98%
99%
97%
94%
97%
95%
95%
91%
88%
90%
69%
96%
96%
92%
95%
95%
93%
93%
91%
83%
83%
94%
89%
74%
74%
75%
87%
85%
CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK
ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID
MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR
NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA
Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS
VT WV NC Wl WY GU
SC MP
TN PW
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) and Treatment
Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on active, current water systems
For FY2009, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2002, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 02Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2001, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 01Q4 frozen tables. CA population data from OOQ4 frozen tables
For FY2000, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED OOQ4 frozen tables.
For FY1999, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 99Q4 frozen tables.
For FY1998, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q4 frozen tables.
For FY1997 and earlier, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q1 frozen tables.
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) - Strategic
Target for Drinking Water SP-2
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how well
they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have gathered, and
communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the public.
EPA Strategic Target SP-2: By 2011, community water systems will provide drinking water that
meets all applicable health-based drinking water standards during 96 percent of person months
(i.e., all persons served by community water systems times 12 months). (2005 baseline: 95.2
percent.)
The measure tracks the duration of a population's exposure to violations. For example, some
systems may receive a violation for an incident that lasts only one day (e.g., turbidity increase
due to storm event). The measure is intended to give a more accurate picture of exposure of the
population to contamination. Achievement of the measure will help ensure that the long-term
outcome measure of population served by community water systems in compliance at all times
is achieved.
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in
this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data.
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
Nationally
1
8
10
96.2%
96.2%
96.4%
96.7%
97.1%
96%
96%
95%
96%
98%
95%
96%
96%
97%
97%
97%
97%
96%
97%
97%
97%
97%
97%
97%
97%
97%
97%
96%
97%
99%
94%
93%
94%
94%
93%
98%
97%
97%
97%
96%
97%
97%
97%
97%
98%
94%
96%
99%
99%
99%
98%
98%
99%
98%
99%
CT
ME
MA
NH
Rl
VT
NJ
NY
PR
VI
DE
DC
MD
PA
VA
WV
AL
FL
GA
KY
MS
NC
SC
TN
IL
IN
Ml
MN
OH
Wl
AR
LA
NM
OK
TX
IA
KS
MO
NE
CO
MT
ND
SD
UT
WY
AZ
CA
HI
NV
AS
GU
MP
PW
AK
ID
OR
WA
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) and Treatment
Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on active, current water systems
For FY2009, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
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CWS Violations Reported by Fiscal Year
FY2009 data from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen tables
FY2008 data from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables
FY2007 data from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables
FY2006 data from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables
FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1
FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1
FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
TT
M/R
Other*
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL TT
M/R
Other*
Population affected
FY MCL MRDL
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
TT
M/R
Other*
Total
9,971
9,883
9,410
9,076
9,360
5,340
4,688
5
5
5
7
4
6
1
2,392
2,647
3,056
2,790
3,036
2,168
2,299
60,823
103,064
61,316
57,117
109,167
87,393
58,675
20,941
20,774
23,299
19,245
18,414
14,459
12,671
94,132
136,373
97,086
88,235
139,981
109,366
78,334
Total*
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
4,451
4,553
4,412
4,371
4,383
3,419
3,042
3
5
4
3
4
4
1
1,401
1,506
1,648
1,538
1,625
1,409
1,458
13,403
13,084
12,619
13,071
14,291
13,551
12,819
8,546
8,631
10,429
9,600
10,258
8,947
8,109
20,684
20,797
21 ,544
21,618
22,772
21 ,055
20,280
Total*
15,918,279
15,841,822
16,105,351
16,221,483
18,951,548
15,018,194
15,438,443
29,763
1,021
263,875
46,344
424,859
3,617
2,250
10,643,904
10,086,935
10,895,825
16,612,762
16,879,450
16,588,301
16,969,087
50,360,756
57,538,783
51,148,667
52,289,555
61,767,844
48,675,006
49,497,572
20,077,807
21,872,736
30,434,294
23,372,794
23,442,800
17,833,120
12,726,332
78,507,217
83,385,983
87,843,223
83,062,903
90,890,243
76,870,272
80,765,799
FY2009 CWS Results by System Size
Number of violations
MCL MRDL
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
TT
M/R
Number of systems in violation
MCL MRDL TT
M/R
Population affected
MCL
MRDL
TT
M/R
Other
Other
Other
Total
5,404
2,953
1,023
576
15
4
1
1,466
584
183
137
22
37,910
13,441
4,362
4,678
432
15,820
3,505
1,009
589
18
60,604
20,483
6,577
5,981
487
Total*
2,491
1,205
442
304
9
2
1
867
333
106
80
15
8,341
3,488
943
585
46
5,812
1,858
519
341
16
12,673
5,299
1,588
1,051
73
Total*
414,466
1,760,191
2,540,925
7,425,642
3,777,055
361
29,402
137,056
492,897
619,293
2,308,071
7,086,587
1 ,337,033
4,827,782
5,409,412
14,875,363
23,911,166
890,270
2,551 ,045
2,952,772
8,757,525
4,926,195
2,031 ,407
7,483,656
9,127,587
27,344,784
32,519,783
'Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row. This is
because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation.
Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBF and IESWTR rules.
10
-------
NTNCWS Violations Reported by Fiscal Year
FY2009 data from SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen tables
FY2008 data from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables
FY2007 data from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables
FY2006 data from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables
FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1
FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1
FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
M/R
Other
Total
3,882
4,068
4,319
4,066
3,961
3,960
4,055
1 185
227
237
211
215
195
245
14,276
14,938
15,626
15,571
17,542
17,314
17,429
8,516
8,159
7,664
6,417
2,284
1,697
3,685
22,519
22,714
22,996
21,800
21,236
20,653
21,338
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL T
M/R
Other
Total*
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
3,882
4,068
4,319
4,066
3,961
3,960
4,055
1 185
227
237
211
215
195
245
14,276
14,938
15,626
15,571
17,542
17,314
17,429
8,516
8,159
7,664
6,417
2,284
1,697
3,685
22,519
22,714
22,996
21,800
21,236
20,653
21,338
Population affected
FY MCL MRDL
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
M/R
Other
Total*
1,289,606
548,776
538,931
1,296,508
541,171
549,164
540,765
300 37,459
58,580
63,160
50,372
86,648
51,915
40,518
2,434,722
1,959,479
1,999,117
2,166,532
2,260,178
2,205,971
2,159,794
826,580
859,435
731,880
642,080
344,411
234,291
340,950
3,413,437
2,900,038
2,799,528
3,596,226
2,812,854
2,705,723
2,647,611
TNCWS Violations Reported by Fiscal Year
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
M/R
Other
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL T
M/R
Other
Population affected
FY MCL MRDL
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
M/R
Other
Total
4,969 1
5,259
5,575
5,264
4,994
5,003
5,063
259
384
435
474
502
415
573
24,397
26,589
28,599
29,848
34,880
34,295
33,666
26,422
24,437
22,078
19,010
4,800
3,028
8,640
56,048
56,669
56,687
54,596
45,176
42,741
47,942
Total*
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
3,882 1
4,068
4,319
4,066
3,961
3,960
4,055
185
227
237
211
215
195
245
14,276
14,938
15,626
15,571
17,542
17,314
17,429
8,516
8,159
7,664
6,417
2,284
1,697
3,685
22,519
22,714
22,996
21,800
21,236
20,653
21,338
Total*
1,289,606 300
548,776
538,931
1,296,508
541,171
549,164
540,765
37,459
58,580
63,160
50,372
86,648
51,915
40,518
2,434,722
1,959,479
1,999,117
2,166,532
2,260,178
2,205,971
2,159,794
826,580
859,435
731,880
642,080
344,411
234,291
340,950
3,413,437
2,900,038
2,799,528
3,596,226
2,812,854
2,705,723
2,647,611
'Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row. This is
because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation.
Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBP and IESWTR rules.
11
-------
FY2008 MCL, MRDL and TT violations
reported
From SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen violations table
Very small Small
25-500 501-3,300
Microbials: Applies to all water systems
TCR
7,265 936
5,526 736
596,824 1,011,374
Medium
3,301-10,000
285
240
1 ,391 ,789
Large
10,001-100,000
262
205
5,039,392
Very Large
>1 00,000 Total
5
5
2,919,071
8,753
6,712
10,958,450
Applies to CWS & NTNCWS that disinfect (plus TNCWSs that use CIO2)
Stage 1 DBP
1,417 1,471
590 494
101,915 754,537
522
183
1 ,043,531
143
69
1,387,713
5
3
532,597
3,558
1,339
3,820,293
Applies to surface water systems
SWTR
733 202
403 131
64,231 175,254
26
24
157,890
15
13
380,543
5
5
3,080,163
981
576
3,858,081
Applies to surface water systems
IE<1SWTR
162 145
63 68
12,194 105,523
39
25
145,744
68
36
1,091,775
14
9
4,627,993
428
201
5,983,229
Organics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
voc
soc
39
20
3,105
26
12
1,258
7
5
10,449
7
3
2,736
3
2
8,012
3
2
10,192
2
1
14,060
1
1
17,500
51
28
35,626
37
18
31 ,686
Inorganics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Nitrate/Nitrite
Arsenic
Other IOC
948
551
62,595
1,622
696
104,370
289
101
16,079
149
61
73,587
515
176
237,810
83
30
38,251
18
6
29,974
212
49
287,016
9
4
27,675
12
6
110,647
75
25
728,314
12 4
7 1
283,422 100,387
1,127
624
276,803
2,424
946
1,357,510
397
143
465,814
Applies to CWS
Radionuclides
704
232
39,647
Applies to CWS and
Lead & Copper
1,150
836
117,520
299
90
119,302
NTNCWS
225
185
231,273
81
27
150,770
40
31
171,234
109
24
643,817
19
16
508,661
4
1
155,000
1,197
374
1,108,536
1
1
173,431
1,435
1,069
1,202,119
Acronyms:
TCR = Total Coliform Rule
SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule
IE<1 SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule
DBP = Disinfection By-Products Rule
VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHM (which are listed in DBP Rule)
SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine)
Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., Arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite
12
-------
FY2008 Monitoring violations reported
From SDWIS/FED 09Q3 frozen violations table
Microbials:
Very small Small
25-500 501-3,300
Applies to all water systems
Medium
3,301-10,000
Large
10,001-100,000
Very Large
>100,000
Applies to CWS & NTNCWS that disinfect (plus TNCWSs that use CIO2)
Applies to surface water systems
Applies to surface water systems
Organics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Total
TCR
26,541
16,377
1,726,892
2,535
1,614
2,015,229
331
280
1,601,075
186
150
4,040,901
19
14
4,546,479
29,612
18,435
13,930,576
Stage 1 DBP
3,967
2,386
405,558
1,623
1,023
1,367,321
456
274
1,553,060
226
129
3,332,316
10
6
3,045,026
6,282
3,818
9,703,281
SWTR
717
229
39,579
231
114
138,706
76
39
233,070
19
11
206,525
3
2
1,280,000
1,046
395
1,897,880
IE<1SWTR
254
78
15,344
201
82
113,091
69
32
191,376
28
21
447,659
5
3
3,250,636
557
216
4,018,106
voc
soc
21 ,049
758
99,705
9,457
305
35,985
4,053
165
228,800
1,666
85
115,903
1,014
43
251 ,563
643
28
167,635
1,666
52
1,511,496
1,119
39
1,012,757
189
7
2,829,170
143
3
744,787
27,971
1,025
4,920,734
13,028
460
2,077,067
Inorganics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Nitrate/Nitrite
Arsenic
Other IOC
6,835
5,867
613,949
625
481
70,094
1,698
199
25,788
590
463
566,609
209
132
163,075
456
64
91,819
99
67
389,129
62
35
210,472
163
11
72,617
83
54
1,546,166
61
36
1 ,068,506
184
21
593,839
6
5
1 ,250,489
9
5
2,556,191
13
3
3,367,135
7,613
6,456
4,366,342
966
689
4,068,338
2,514
298
4,151,198
Applies to CWS
Radionuclides
1,820
467
93,482
Applies to CWS and
Lead & Copper
8,526
5,768
832,824
3,402
677
1,005,215
NTNCWS
1,871
1,379
1 ,721 ,331
1,312
158
845,920
382
317
1,813,721
904
69
1 ,488,266
247
202
4,868,381
9
2
355,710
7,447
1,373
3,788,593
28
16
1 1 ,689,885
1 1 ,054
7,682
20,926,142
Acronyms:
TCR = Total Coliform Rule
SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule
IE<1 SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule
DBP = Disinfection By-Products Rule
VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHM (which are listed in DBP Rule)
SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine)
Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., Arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite
13
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Underground Injection Control Program-Inventory of Wells
Types of wells
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Deep industrial waste disposal
For oil and natural gas production
Related to mineral recovery
Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs
Generally shallow disposal wells
There are an estimated 650,000 Class V wells nationally
Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions
The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics
Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells
Class I Class I Non-
Hazardous Hazardous
state Waste Wells Waste Wells
AK
AL
AR
AS
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
GU
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
Ml
MN
MO
MP
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
Class I
Wells
Class III
Facilities
Class II
Wells
Class IV
Facilities
Class V
Wells
4
1
3
5
5
18
7
4
27
9
59
6
171
2
18
56
2
23
20
1
4
1
5
1,305
240
1,070
30,834
799
62
2
7,767
1,336
16,610
3,409
3,371
1,519
204
1,059
972
1,023
659
4,543
15
1
2
1
3
4
20
5
1
14
5
3
126
27
140
87
53
3,473
15
3
1,747
415
209
50,307
17,083
1,762
578
108
1,173
54,528
8,874
141
5,363
1,402
14,327
12,544
8,430
5,880
14,069
130
2,605
13,686
1,863
8,934
2,744
7,573
20
1,676
756
20,234
554
669
6,395
968
1,296
709
14
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Underground Injection Control Program-Inventory of Wells
(Continued)
Types of wells
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Deep industrial waste disposal
For oil and natural gas production
Related to mineral recovery
Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs
Generally shallow disposal wells
Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions
The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics
Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells
Class I Class I Non- _. .. _. ... _. ... _. ... _.
Class II Class III Class III Class IV Class V
Hazardous Hazardous
o* * ... A. ... .. ... A. ... .. Wells Facilities Wells Facilities Wells
State Waste Wells Waste Wells
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
PR
Rl
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VI
VT
WA
Wl
WV
WY
10
50
1
6
56
41
532
2,711
10,470
5
1,845
79
18
51,456
357
17
1
784
4,920
6
4
1
1
89
1
1
1
3
174
47
2
555
5,457
12
6
14
10,490
1
4
4
8
30,843
16,625
925
28,730
13,897
3,341
1,292
19,989
232
1,730
24,888
5,346
12,394
71
1,820
31,166
1,680
3,673
1,213
107
508
149,994
158
20,686
20
Tribal Systems, by EPA Region
469,607
EPAR1
EPAR2
EPAR4
EPAR5
EPAR6
EPAR7
EPAR8
EPAR9
EPAR10
Class I
Wells
Class II
Wells
Class II
Wells
Class IV/V
Wells
1
14
2,426
953
375
26
70
668
8
16
66
379
811
3,768
2,044
15
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