•i H 16 HI H RHP HUH (Kbk J8I& HH Hi mili Hi JMfc
iHkinrr•» ii T^JITTI c^
uni Icu uinIHw
FISCAL YEAR 1974 BUDGET
-------
Contents
SECTION TAB
-------
Contents
ri
? ^i
H
Budget Summary
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
Air
Water Quality
Water Supply
Solid Wastes
Pesticides
Radiation
Noise
Interdisciplinary
Program Management
and Support.
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL............
Air ,
Water Qual i ty ,
Water Supply ,
Solid Wastes ,
Pesticides
Radi ati on ,
Noise ,
Program Management and Support,
ENFORCEMENT ,.
Air
Water Quality.
Pesti ci des
Program Management and Support.
AGENCY AND REGIONAL MANAGEMENT....
Agency Management and Support...
Regional Management and Support.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS,
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OVERSEAS.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Special Analyses , —
Table of contents provided in Special Analyses section
Page
I
RD-1
RD-2
RD-10
RD-1 7
RDrZl
RD-27
RD-30
RD-33
RD-37
RD-46
AC-1
AC- 2
AC-19
AC-42
AC- 46
AC-54
AC-62
AQ-71
AC- 77
E-l
E-2
E-8
E-14
E-18
ARM-1
ARM-4
ARM-8
SAO-1
GP-1
SA-1
-------
Budget Summary
SECTION TAB
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
> Budget Summary
* The Environmental Protection Agency's 1974 budget proposal is
presented under six appropriations, as follows:
4 1. Research and pevelppment programs to determine the cause-and-
effect relationships of environmental pollutants and to develop
and demonstrate technological solutions for pollution abatement
I and control.
2. Ab atement a nd Contro1 programs which provide for development
and implementation of environmental standards, monitoring apd
surveillance of pollution, pollution control planning, financial
and technical assistance to State and local pollution control
agencies, assistance to other Federal agencies to minimise impact
of their activities on the environment, and support of training
of personnel engaged in pollution control activities.
3- Enforcement programs to assist State and local agencies
and to carry out direct enforcement activities to assure compliance
with Federal pollution control standards, permits, and regulations.
4. Agency and Regional Management activities to provide, both
centralized and regional leadership and administrative support
for EPA's programs. •
5. Construction Grants to local public agencies for construction
of municipal waste water treatment facilities to assist States
and localities in attaining and maintaining water quality standards,
6. Scientific Activities Overseas (Special Foreign Currency
Program) support cooperative programs of research and demonstration
to find solutions to environmental problems which are of interest
to the United States and to cooperating foreign agencies or countries.
-------
Summary of Budget Authority,
Man-Years, and End-of-Year Employment
Msj^jnc^h^a^^DejreJopment*
Budget Authori ty •,
End-of-Year Employment...
Man-Years
1972
$161,806,000
1973
$173,144,600
1,907
1,798
1971
$148,700,200
1,863
1,808
Abatement and Control *
Budget Authority.......
Contract Authority.....
End-of-Year Employment.
Man-Years ,
Enforcement*
Budget Authority.
End-of-Year Employment.
Man-* Years
189,458,000
?, 154,300
212,034,600
50,000,000^'
3,454
3,347
36,574,400
1,477
1,251
Agency andRegional Management*
Budget Authority ,. f/9,102,018 46,183,580
End-of-Year Employment . 1,794
Man-Years ,.... 1,696
Construction Grants
Budget Authority , 2,000,000,000, 1,900,000,000.,
Contract Authority.. ... 5,000,000,000^
End-of-Year Employment ... ...
Man-Years ,
ScientificActiyities Overseas
Budget Authori ty ,
End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years
243,100,400. .
9.6,000,OOQ5/
3,605
3,442
47,399,600
1 ,682
1,55,6
50,799,800
1,834
1,764
7,000,000
4,000,000 . 4,000*000
RevolvingFund
Budget Authority
End-of-Year Employment.
Man-Years
12
11
51
50
51
50
Trust Fund
Budget Authority
End-of-Year Employment.
Man-Years..,
Advances and Reimbursements^/
Budget Authon ty.......
End-of-Year Employment.
Man-Years
45,266
157
150
25,000
164
157
25,000
164
159
II
-------
s , 1972 197.3. ]97£
r\11 oca t ipn Acco unt
Budget Authori ty'...... ....
i*j End-of-Year Employment 8 11 4
-------
Summary of Increase or Decrease
Man-Years and End-of-Year Employment
Research and Development
End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years
Abatement and Control
End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years ,.
Enforcement
End-of-Year Employment.......
Man-Years
Agency and Regi.QJaj.iL.Jjajij^ementt
En d-of-Yea r Emp T oyrnen117......
Man-Years .....' —
RevolvingFund
End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years, —
Advances and Reimbursements^/
End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years, —, ,
Allocation. Account
End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years
Total
End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years
1973
1,907
1,798
3,454
3,347
1,477
1,251
1,794
1,696
51
50
164
157
11
8
8,858
8,307
1974
1,863
1,808
3,605
3,442
1,682
1,556
1,834
1,764
51
50
164
159
4
4
9,203
8,783
Increase or
Decrease
-44
+10
+151
+95
+205
+305
+40
+68
* • *
+2
-.7
-4
+345
+476
a/ Included in the President's Budget under Research and Development,
Abatement and Control, and Agency and Regional Management,
NOTE: Man-years based on permanent employment.
End-of-year employment = permanent positions.
IV
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Purpose
Research and development efforts are conducted through grants,
contracts, and agreements with universities, industries, other private
commercial firms, nonprofit organizations, State and local governments,
and other Federal agencies, as well as through EPA's laboratories.
These efforts are oriented toward producing the scientific
knowledge and the tools for regulating, preventing, and abating
pollution and are specifically directed to problems of air pollution
control, water pollution control, water supply protection, solid and
toxic waste management, pesticides control, radiation protection,
noise abatement, and interdisciplinary studies. Activities encompass
research on the effects of pollutants on man, animal, and aquatic life,
plant materials, and the general environment; research on processes
such as dispersion that affect pollution; the development of new and
improved sampling and analytical methods and instruments for measuring
pollutants; and the development and demonstration of new and improved
technology for preventing and controlling pollution and recovery of
materials from wastes. Included with the research and development
program is the overall management and support of the program.
Budget Authority 1972J/ 1973 1974
Air. $54,867,300 $67,381,900 $57,096,700
Water Quality . 47,105,400 48,113,900 46,723,300
Water Supply 2,200,000 2,266,300 2,303,600
Solid Wastes 22,777,500^ 17,071,000 2,200,000
Pesticides ... 3,519,000 5,251,800 5,441,000
Radiation 2,256,300 2,287,000 2,470,500
Noise 64,000 280,800 550,000
Interdisciplinary..... 9,604,800 13,768,200 14,472,200
Program Management and
Support............. 19,411,700 16,723.700 17,442,900
Total....... ... 161,806,000 173,144,600 148,700,200
Manpower Resources 1973 1974
End-of-Year Employment 1,907 1,863
Man-Years 1,798 1,808
a/ Provided for comparative purposes and represents resources approved
under the appropriation "Operations, Research, and Facilities" for
activities now carried under this appropriaiion.
RD-1
-------
Air
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and'Development
Air
Purpose
The air research and development program encompasses (1) research
on the effects of air pollutants on man, animals, plants, materials,
and the general environment, (2) research on transport processes
affecting the dispersion of air pollution, (3) the development of new
and improved sampling and analytical methods, and (4) the development
and demonstration of new and improved technology for preventing and
controlling air pollution.
The research on pollution effects and processes i$ directed
toward development of scientific information to establish adequately
protective but economically feasible air quality and emission standards.
The research and development of improved sampling and analytical
methods and improved control technology is directed toward providing
the means for complying with established standards.
"In short, the air research and development program is a
"foundation" program oriented toward producing the scientific knowledge
and the tools for regulating, abating, and preventing air pollution.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects $29,623,900 $29,848,500 +$224,600
Control Technology... 37.758,000 27,248,200 _ -10,509.800
"" ...... "°° ....... ° .......... " ....................... """' ...... ° ........... '""""" ...... ..... """' ................ ...... ° ....... '"""' ...... ...... '""" ..... T1""11."1™ ...................... »• ......... "iu.J«iiiBiiiuiiiiiu...innii. ......... »ni) ..... «.uiiiT ...... in ...... |ipTuiii.i. ..... niii»i*iii ...... «• ........ i ..... iinnm,™ ..... n ..... g ...... n>,,.=1™n-11-.=arJ1=i.
Total. ......... 67,381,900 57,096,700 ' -10,285,200
End -of - Ye ar Emp 1 pyment
Processes and Effects 316 316
Control Technology... _ 128 128 _ , , ,
Total ........ ... 444 444
Man-Years, Total...... 428 432 +4
RD-2
-------
Summary ofIncreases and jecreases
T! 1973 1974 Change
Processes and Effects $29,623,900 $29,848,500 +$224,600
4*1 "
•^, To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
v, Control Technology 37.758,000 27,248,200 -10,509.800
Sulfur oxides control... 18,971,500 11,103,800. -7,867,700
' A decrease made possible by the completion of funding of first-
generation sulfur oxides control technology demppstrations. The
funding of less costly research and early development Qf second-
generation technology will continue.
Mobile source control... 10,021,900 7,184,000 -2,837,900
A decrease resulting from reduced 1974 funding requirements for
the further development and demonstration of one of four
candidate Rankine engines capable of meeting the 1975/1976
automobile emission standards prescribed by the Clean Air Act,
as amended.
Other control technology 8,764,600 • 8,960,400 +195,800
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise
and to provide a slight expansion of efforts to develop new and
improved control technology for hazardous material emissions.
RD-3
-------
Research and Development
Air
ur Processes and Effects
sM •
> >,f>
Justification
•s>
V
1973 1974 Change
Processes and effects $29,623,900 $29,848,500 +$224,600
Research on air pollution processes and effects is directed toward
-; the development of scientific information for the establishment of
ambient air quality standards and emission standards, This is accomplished
by research in the areas of health effects, through epidemiological and
toxjcological studies of the effects of pollutants on man and animals;
meterology, by investigations of atmospheric chemistry and physics;
instrumentation development, by providing standardized and calibratible
instrumentation and/or methodology for measurement of the concentrations
of pollutants in both the ambient air and at the sources of the pollutants;
and pollution processes, by describing and predicting dispersion,
transformation, and ultimate disposition of pollutants in the atmospheric,
transfer cycle from source to receptor.
Purposeof Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
i
- Completed a draft of revised criteria document for pxides of
sulfur,
- Completed an evaluation of the health effects of environmental
concentrations of total suspended particulates and respirable
suspended particulates.
- Developed an instrumentation method for the continuous monitoring
of sulfur dioxide from stationary sources.
sr 1 - Registered 800 chemical additives (by type and quantity)
contained in gasoline as required under the Clean Air Act, as
? , amended.
RP-4
-------
1974 Objectives
- Develop reference methods for compliance testing of stationary
sources for all industries in Category II of the New Source
Performance Standards.
- Promulgate regulations for the demonstration of a continuous
monitoring capability of stationary sources in industries
covered by the New Source Performance Standards,
- Update health effects data in support of the standards for
carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone.
- Determine the toxicities of heavy metals which may be found in
the atmosphere.
RD-5
-------
Research and Development
Air
Control Technology
1973 1974 Change
Sulfur oxides control.. $18,971,500 $11,103,800 -$7,867,700
The program encompasses the research, development, and demonstration
of new and improved methods for abating and controlling the emissions
of sulfur oxides from stationary sources. Approximately 75 percent of
sulfur oxides emissions originate from stationary sources. Consequently,
the control of these emissions is essential to achieving compliance
with current ambient air quality standards for sulfur oxides.
To date, this activity has focused on the development of
technology for controlling emissions from utilities and other large
emitters. In the next several years, greater attention will be devoted
to developing technology for controlling emissions from urban and other
industrial sources.
Purpose of -Decrease
By the end of 1973, EPA will have completed the major funding of
several demonstrations of flue gas desulfurization processes for
utilities and other large emitters. During 19743 the program will be
devoted to the continued research and early development of less mature
technology for controlling sulfur oxides emissions from smaller
industrial sources and urban sources. Since the 1974 effort will not
involve the funding of major demonstrations—the expensive element of
the research, development and demonstration sequence—the 1974
resource requirements will be less than those of 1973.
Si gnif leant 1973 Accomplishments
- Continued but accelerated development and demonstration of
several clean fuels projects including the mechanical and
chemical desulfurization of coal, the control of sulfur
oxides through molten iron combustion, and the fluidized
gasification/desulfurization of residual oil.
- Developed the adaption of flue gas- cleaning technologies
to the control of sulfur oxide emissions from several industrial
processes.
RD-6
-------
1974 Objectives
- Complete the four ongoing flue gas desulfurization demonstrations
(which have been funded in 1973 and prior years).
- Develop emission control capabilities for industrial and urban
combustion sources.
- Improve second generation control capabilities for large combustion
sources.
- Develop control technologies for specific industrial processes which
are major emission contributors in specific localities.
1973 1974 Change
Mobile source control.. $10,021,900 $7,184,000 -$2,837,900
This program is aimed at the development of efficient low-polluting
alternative automotive power systems; the evaluation of alternative power
systems and automotive fuels; and dissemination of technical and economic
data for use in the development of long-term national and regional control
strategies relating to emissions and energy conservation aspects of
transportation systems. This program supports the development of emission
standards and regulations for mobile sources, the testing and enforcement
of such standards and regulations, and the development of transportation
plans to achieve compliance with ambient air quality standards.
Purpose of Decrease
In 1973, development proceeded on four Rankine engines as candidate
alternative automotive power systems capable of meeting the 1975/1976
automobile emission standards stipulated by the Clean Air Act, as
amended. During 1974, one of these engines will be selected for
continued development and demonstration. This 1974 effort will be less
costly and this accounts for the planned decrease in funding,
Significant1973Accomplishments
.- Began testing of preprototype Rankine cycle systems which
incorporate substantial improvements in combustor design, working
fluids and lubricants, and condenser design.
- Completed a gas turbine engine demonstration which meets 1976
emission control levels.
- Received prototype stratified charge engines for- testing and
demonstration during 1974.
RD-7
-------
1974 Objectives
- Complete evaluation of preprototype Ranklne cycle candidates.
- Select a single type of Rankine system for demonstration in
a prototype vehicle.
- Produce a comprehensive report assessing the status and prospects
of alternative systems for automotive propulsion.
1973 1974 Change
Other control technolgoy $8,764,600 $8,960,400 +$195,800
This activity encompasses the research, development, and
demonstration of new and improved technology for the control of
participates, nitrogen oxides, hazardous substances, and the emission
of other air pollutants (except sulfur oxides) from stationary sources.
These efforts are supportive of and essential to the development
and enforcement of National Emission Standards for Hazardous Pollutants,
New Source Performance Standards, and National Ambient Air Quality
Standards.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise
and to provide for a slight expansion of current efforts to develop
new and improved control technology for hazardous material emissions.
1973 Accompl ishments
Completed theoretical studies, including mathematical modeling
of electrostatic precipitation relating to the development of
improved technologies for controlling particulate emissions,
Conducted bench-scale laboratory tests which gathered basic
engineering data on fabric filter characterization, wet
scrubbing techniques, and electrostatic precipitation designs
for the control of particulate emissions.
Developed considerable engineering data on nitrogen oxide
combusion kinetics and on the practicality of modifying
processes to achieve control of nitrogen oxides.
RDr8
-------
1974 Objectives
- Expand and accelerate the development of wet scrubbing, electrostatic
precipitation, and fabric filtration processes to maximize their
efficiency and applicability for controlling fine participates,
- Characterize and quantify the fine particulate control capabilities
of conventional control equipment.
- Conduct bench-scale investigation of multiple pollutant control
approaches and initiate pilot-scale demonstrations of control
technologies for hazardous materials.
- Develop and demonstrate test units to define technical and
economic feasibility of commercial combustion system hardware
for the control on nitrogen oxides.
RD-9
-------
Research and Development
Water Quality
The water quality research and development program embodies:
(1) research on the effects of water quality on water uses and on
animal and aquatic life; (2) research on the processes which influence
the movement, dispersion, and fate of water pollutants; (3) the
development of new and improved sampling and analytical methods and
instrumentation for measuring water quality and effluents; and (4) the
development of new and improved technology for abating and preventing
water pollution. The effects and processes research is oriented toward
development of water quality standards. The analytical methods and
instrumentation development is directed toward providing new and improved
techniques for water quality and effluent monitoring and surveillance of
standards compliance. The purpose of the control technology program is,
to improve existing processes and to develop new and more effective and
economical methods of wastewater treatment. These programs will demonstrate
best-available and closed-loop systems and will serve as a sound technical
basis for the establishment and enforcement of effluent guidelines and
water quality standards. Like the air research and development program,
this is a "foundation" program providing the scientific knowledge and the
technology for carrying out an effective national water pollution control
program.
Increase
1973 1974^ or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects...... $19,689,900 $20,891,400 +$1,201,500
Control Technology ......... 28.424.000 25.831.900 -2.592,100
Total ......... ..... 48,113,900 46,723,300 -1,390,600
En d- o f - Year Emp 1 oymen t
Processes and Effects ...... 353 353 ...
Control Technology ..... , ... __, _ 300
Total... ............ 653 653
Man-Years. Total. , ........... 589 633 +44
RD-10
-------
Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
1 T \ Summary of Increases and pecreaseg
I I
1973 1974 Change^
ff! Processes and Effects $19,689,900 $20.891.400 +$1.201.500
. , To provide for the development of analytical test procedures as
>v; required by the new water legislation, to further the research of
' ' water pollution and nutrient pollution affecting lakes, including
the Great Lakes, and to provide for the increased salary costs of
1 , the 1973 pay raise.
Control Technology 28.424,000 25,831.900 -2.592.100
•M Industrial sources 3,584,600 5,429,600 +1,845,000
To expand and accelerate the development and demonstration of new
I and improved industrial wastewater control technology to meet
requirements of the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments
of 1972, and to provide for the increased salary costs of the
i 1973 pay raise.
Effluent guidelines 4,909,500 ... -4,909,500
A decrease reflecting both the completion of first-stage contracts
1 for the development of effluent guidelines and the comparative
transfer to Abatement and Control, Water Quality.
Control technology 19,929,900 20,402,300 +472,400
To slightly expand and accelerate the development of new and
improved control technology for both point and non-point sources
of pollution and to provide for the increased salary costs of the
1973 pay raise.
RD-11
-------
Research and Development
Water Quality
Processes and Effects
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Processes and effects...... $19,689,900 $20,891,400 +$1,201,500
EPA has over the past few years been deeply Involved in research to
provide data and pertinent information for the establishment of water
quality criteria that will provide a sound scientific basis for setting
standards for such water uses as public water supply, recreation, fish
and wildlife propagation, agricultural supply, and industrial purposes.
Indepth studies have been carried out to determine the effects of physical,
chemical, biological^ mircobiological, pesticidal, and radiological
pollutants on water uses. Related to the effects of various pollutants
in water are questions concerning the types, movement* and ultimate fate
of pollutants in fresh surface, ground, marine, and large lake waters.
Serious deficiencies exist in techniques for tracing pollutants and h,ow
they interact within the total ecosystem. This information is needed to
relate the concentration and form of pollutants to the size, character,
composition, and location of their sources in order to establish effective
water quality standards, treatment, and control requirements.
Purpose of Increase^
To provide for the development of new and revised analytical procedures
as required by the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972, to
further research on water pollution and nutrient pollution affecting lakes,,
Including the continuation of the expanded Great Lakes research effort
initiated in 1973 and continuation of the National Eutrophication Program,
and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Developed quantitative methods for design of water quality surveillance
systems.
- Operated and tested a treatment plant designed to demonstrate the
restoration of an eutrophic lake by removal of phosphorus from
municipal water.
- Established procedures for estimating plume size and delineating
potential thermal discharge mixing zones.
- Provided interim test procedures for the analysis of pollutants as
required by the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972.
RD-12
-------
- Completed, in cooperation with Canada and other agencies, the
field phase of the International Field Year on Lake Ontario.
- Determined the chemical and biological conditions of Lake Ontario
which contributes to comprehensive understanding of lake and
pollution processes.
- Determined effects of nutrient concentrations on growth of
algae in Lake Michigan.
1974 Objectives
- Develop alternative methods of waste disposal in the New York
Bight.
- Evaluate, refine, replace, and add analytical test procedures
required by the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972.
- Prepare and publish water costs and benefits as required by the
new water Act.
- Quantify health and recreational benefits from water pollution
control.
- Develop scientific guidelines for control of nutrients and
eutrophication, oil, dredge spoils and thermal discharges in the
Great Lakes.
- Assess effectiveness of recent advanced waste treatment plants
toward improving water quality of Lakes Michigan, Erie, and Ontario.
- Determine, in joint studies with Canada, the upper Great Lakes
reference data on the chemical and biological condition of Lakes
Huron and Superior.
RD-13
-------
Research and Development
Water Quality
Control Technology
Justification^
1973 1974 Change
Industrial sources... $3,584,600 $5,429,600 +$1,845,000
This activity involves the development and demonstration of new
and improved technology for controlling and treating industrial
wastewaters. The products of this effort provide the means of
upgrading of industrial wastewater treatment capabilities and the
bases for establishing effluent guidelines, developing waste treatment
conditions for waste discharge permits, and for setting treatment and
discharge requirements through enforcement and other abatement
activities.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972 places a
larger burden on the program by calling for the installation of best-
available control technology by 1983. The achievement of the goal will
require a significant improvement of existing waste treatment and control
technologies for many types of industries. This program is directed
toward filling these technological gaps.
Purpose of Increase \
To increase and accelerate the development and demonstration of
new and improved industrial wastewater control technology in response
to the requirements and provisions of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Amendments of 1972,
Significant 19731 Accomp1i shmen ts
- Demonstrated a hot air blanching technique for the canning
industry which will result in reduction of water consumption and
waste loadings of 99 percent and 99.9 percent respectively.
- Developed a technique using dry caustic peeling in the fruit
and vegetable processing industries wherein water consumption
is reduced approximately 85 percent and waste loadings by
70 percent.
RD-14
-------
- Developed a new biological process for the treatment of highly
alkaline and brine-containing wastewaters in a glycol production
facility which has demonstrated the feasibility of reducing
the waste loadings by more than 90 percent.
1974 Objectives
- Demonstrate processes to close the water loop in paper mills.
- Demonstrate chemical-biological treatment of joint municipal -
industrial wastes.
- Demonstrate treatment and water reuse from textile plants.
- Demonstrate removal of contaminants and recycling of water in
organic chemical plants.
1973 1974 Change
Effluent guidelines . $4,909,500 ... -$4,909,500
This activity involves the development of effluent guidelines for
best available and best practicable treatment pursuant to requirements
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972. These
guidelines will be used as the basis for issuing waste discharge
permits except in basins where water quality standards are limiting.
The activity encompasses the support of contractual studies to collect
all available information about the waste loads and characteristics
and the waste treatment processes available and potentially available
for individual types of industry,
P urpose of Deereas e
A decrease reflecting both the completion of first-stage contracts
for the development of effluent guidelines and the comparative transfer
to Abatement and Control Water Quality, Prior to early 1973, the
development of effluent guidance and guidelines was funded as a
Research and Development activity. Because of the organizational
reassignment of this function to the Office of Air and Water Programs,
it is now more appropriate to fund the function as an Abatement and
Control activity.
Control technology... $19,929,900 $20,402,300 +$472,400
This activity encompasses the development and demonstration of
new and improved technology for treating and controlling municipal,
agricultural, oil and hazardous materials, mining, storm and combined
RD-15
-------
sewer, and other waste discharges. The results of this work provide the
means of upgrading pollution control technology to enable compliance
with water quality standards, effluent guidelines where applicable,
and enforcement and other abatement requirements. Also, as appropriate,
the results of this work are used in the development of effluent
guidelines, industrial pretreatment requirements, and oil and hazardous
materials regulations required by the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, as amended.
Pu rpos e of Incre as e
To slightly expand and accelerate the development of new and improved
control technology for both point and non-point sources of pollution
and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973Accomplishjents
- Completed an indepth study on sewer infiltration and prepared a
control manual which is being made available to the construction
grants program and municipalities.
- Initiated construction phase on the Oil and Hazardous Material
Environmental Test Facility which, when completed, will be capable
of evaluating the behavior and effectiveness of treatment and
control processes for oil and hazardous material spills.
- Completed the demonstration of a pressurized sewer concept which
now makes it economically possible to reduce eutrophication of
some lakes and provide sewers in difficult areas.
- Demonstrated a low cost method of upgrading approximately 3,500
municipal plants utilizing mineral addition to trickling filters.
1974 Objectives
- Conduct full-scale demonstrations of physical-chemical and biolqgical
treatment, electrochemical chlorination, and other processes
for up-grading municipal waste treatment technology.
- Develop processes for removing organic contaminants in the treatment
of drinking waters.
- Demonstrate central community facilities for safe water and
wastewater control for use in native villages in Alaska.
- Demonstrate control of animal feed lot pollution, salt pollution
from irrigation, and land runoff of agricultural wastes.
- Develop processes for the treatment of acid mine drainage.
RD-16
-------
Water Supply
SECTION TAB
-------
i 1
Research and Development
Water Supply
Purpose
" "•*•'" "'"""
The water supply research and development program provides for
research on the effects of water quality on human health and the
development of analytical methods for assessing the quality pf drinking
and recreational waters and development of water treatment methods for
noxious and toxic components of water for which current methods are
ineffective. The objective of the program is tp provide the scientific
knowledge necessary for establishing drinking water standards and
standards for recreational water use.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects $2,266.300 $2,3(33,600 +$37,300
Total 2,266,300 2,303,6QO +37,300
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects 83 . 83 ...
Total 83 83
Man-Years. Total 80 81 +1
RD-17
-------
Summary of Increases and Decireases
1973 1974 Change
Processes and Effects $2.266.300 $2.303.600 +$37,300
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
RD-rlS
-------
Research and Development
Water Supply
Processes and Effects
us tvf I catlp_n_
1973 1974 Change
Processes and effects... $2,266,300 $2,303,600 +$37,300
Considerable research remains to be done in expanding the body of
scientific knowledge on the effects of water pollutants on human health
in order to develop a sound base for establishing and revising drinking
water standards and standards for recreation and shellfish growth.
An aggressive water health effects research program will continue to
investigate the following areas: (1) the development of methods to
identify the health effects of pollutants in public water supplies;
(2) the determination of the frequency of occurrence and the types
of health effects caused by organic, inorganic, and biological
contaminants present in water supplies; (3) the development of methods
to insure the delivery of microbiologically safe drinking water and to
prevent the deterioration of water during storage and distribution;
and (4) the development of criteria for protecting recreational waters
and fish and shellfish growing areas.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Signi f i can t 1 973 AccompJ i s hments
- Determined that little health hazard from mercury exists at this
time in drinking water.
- Demonstrated that the use of regenerable activated alumina is
effective for removing both arsenic and fluoride from drinking
water.
- Initiated development of an automatic potable water monitor to
measure temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH, conductivity, nitrate,
hardness, fluorides chloride, turbidity, free chlorine residual,
gross organics, corrosion, cadmium, lead, and copper.
RD-19
-------
1974 Objectives
- Develop water quality criteria for selected chemical and biological
pollutants which concentrate in fish and shellfish.
- Determine maximum safe concentration levels for both short-term
and long-term exposure of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and
maganese in drinking water.
- Correlate observed occurrence and type of virus in selected
water supplies which have reported out-breaks of waterborne disease,
- Evaluate efficiency of selected disinfectants against virus
and other pathogenic organisms.
RD-20
-------
Solid Wastes
SECTION TAB
-------
'* "*"*"' Research and Development
Solid Wastes
Purpose
EPA's research and development efforts in the solid waste area over
the past few years have been directed toward the development of improved
solid waste management and disposal technology and resource recovery
technology. The benefits from this effort are and will be realized in
the form of a reasonable array of technologies which will enable local
agencies to effectively and economically handle their solid waste problems.
Having achieved this objective, the solid waste research and development
program will be reoriented toward attacking critical problems of toxic
and hazardous solid wastes. These are problems of high priority that
can best be dealt with at the Federal level.
Increase or
1973 1974 Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects. $285,000 $1,500,000 +$1,215,000
Control Technology ---- 16,786,000 700,000 _ -16,086.000
Total ............ 17,071,000 2,200,000 -14,871,000
End-of- Year-Employment
Processes and Effects. 7 13 +6
Control Technology.... _ 63 _ 10 _ _ -53
Total . ........... 70 23 -47
Man -Years, Total ........ 66 22 -44
RD-21
-------
.Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Processes and Effects $285,000 $1.500.000 +$1.215.000
......
To expand research on the health effects of toxic and hazardous
solid wastes disposal practices and on the fate of waste materials
after disposal,
Control Technology 16.786,000 700.000 -16.086,000
Hazardous solid wastes.. 232,700 700,000 +467,300
To expand and accelerate the development of safe disposal methods
for toxic and hazardous wastes.
Other control technology 16,553,300 ... -16,553,300
A decrease reflecting the termination of the development and
demonstration of resource recovery and recycling technology for
municipal solid wastes.
RD-22
-------
Research and Development
Solid Wastes
Processes and Effects
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Processes and effects.. $285,000 $1,500,000 +$1,215,000
This program encompasses identification and evaluation of potentially
toxic and pathogenic products of solid wastes incineration, landfilling
and recycling operations, and the assesment of their public health
impact. Research investigation of the pathogenic contamination of
groundwater by toxic solid waste leachates, the hazards of sludge and
solid waste incineration and the movement of viruses and pathogenics
from disposal sites will lay the scientific foundation for the development
of standards to protect the public health.
The program also involves the evaluation of deep well disposal
of toxic materials, the study of groundwater contamination from
sanitary landfill operations, and the study of the fate, in soils
and groundwaters, of heavy metals and other hazardous materials
from sludge and industrial waste by-products.
This research will add to the base of knowledge necessary to support
standards relating to the toxic and hazardous impact of solid wastes
upon the general public.
Purpose of Increase
To expand research on the health effects of toxic and hazardous
solid waste disposal practices and on the ultimate fate of waste
materials after disposal.
Si gni f i cant 1 973 Accompli 1 shments <
- Conducted studies on the movement of pathogenic organisms and
sanitary landfills, and determined the effects of compost on selected
soils and plants.
1974 Objectives
- Develop preliminary assessment of relative potential toxicity and
pathogenicity of incinerator, landfill, and recycling products.
- Determine the effects of solid waste disposal practices on the
health of sanitation and site employees and on community segments
located near solid waste processing and disposal facilities.
- Develop preliminary guidelines for deep well disposal of toxic wastes,
RD-23
-------
Research and Development
Solid Wastes
Control Technology
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Hazardous solid wastes... $232,700 $700,000 +$467,300
This program involves the development of control techniques and
technology for the safe disposal of toxic and hazardous solid wastes,
This effort will support the setting of meaningful and comprehensive
standards and regulations and will provide the means for evaluating
and fostering improvement of disposal practices for toxic and hazardous
solid wastes. Initial emphasis will center on disposal techniques for
materials exhibiting known hazardous effects, and control and disposal
techniques to augment new and ongoing effects research.
Purpose of jncrease
To expand and accelerate the development of safe disposal
methods for toxic and hazardous wastes.
Si gn i f i can t 1973 Accompl i shments
- Completed construction of solid waste test cells at experimental
landfill in Boone County, Kentucky, which will make it possible to
quantify characteristics of landfill gas emissions, leachate
formation, and determine the contents and migration of toxic and
hazardous materials.
- Initiated a program to determine the best available alernatives
for disposal of hazardous materials and the potential need for
national disposal sites. '
1974 Objectives
- Develop disposal methods for hazardous materials and processing
residues.
- Develop biological and chemical detoxification processes.
- Investigate disposal options and resultant pollution levels
(wet oxidation, fluidized be4 incinerators, irradiation, molten
salt technology).
RD-24
-------
- Investigate stabilization of toxic materials such as the stabilization
of arsenicals by polymerization.
- Identify control levels and disposal techniques for known toxic
and hazardous materials to facilitate development of meaningful
and supportable regulations.
1973 1974 Change
Other control technology.. $16,553,300 ... -$16,553,300
In 1973 the solid waste program shifted its emphasis from new
technology development to the upgrading of current solid waste management
practices aimed at overcoming the problems of high cost and environmentally
offensive disposal practices. Efforts were directed primarily toward
determining means of recovering materials and energy from solid waste,
determining the public's attitude on resource recovery and waste
reduction at its source, and developing suitable techniques for the disposal
of all forms of nonrecyclable solid wastes including extremely hazardous
wastes. Analytical and pilot plant facilities were maintained to conduct
and support research studies designed to develop new waste handling or
processing methods and to develop resource recovery procedures and
appropriate ultimate disposal methods for solid waste. General categories
of projects included land disposal; the disposal of hazardous wastes;
improvements in collection, transportation, processing and separation;
incinerators; recycling; systems; and behavioral studies.
Purpose of Decrease
A decrease which reflects the termination of demonstrations of resource
recovery and recycling systems for municipal solid wastes. Over the
past several years, EPA has supported the development of the major
conceptual alternatives for recovery and recycling of solid wastes. The
demonstration of these systems is providing a sufficient range of
suitable methods and techniques that can be utilized by municipalities if
they can obtain markets for the recovered materials. The decrease also
reflects a termination of further research, development, and demonstration
of technology, the collection, transportation, processing, and separation
of municipal solid wastes. The technology thus far developed in these
areas is deemed sufficient to meet the present needs of solid waste
management systems.
RD-25
-------
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Completed a prototype 100-ton per day pilot plant to burn the
combustible component of municipal refuse and use the resulting
hot gas to generate electricity,
- Installed an in-house incinerator to simulate municipal incinerators
to provide capability to study combustion processes and effluents
stream contaminants.
- Initiated development of landfill-sealing liner materials from
low cost waste byproducts.
- Evaluated methods to determine treatability of leachate at
pilot scale.
- Studied methods to determine feasibility of spray irrigation as
a leachate treatment method.
- Initiated research to identify benefits of solid waste management,
particularly regarding virgin materials use and recycling.
- Investigated processes by which solid waste control practices
affect groundwaters.
1974 Objectives
- Complete demonstrations of resource recovery and recycling systems
started in prior years.
RD-26
-------
Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Pesticides
Purpose
EPA conducts an extensive research program on pesticides in the
environment to determine more precisely their effects on human, animal,
and aquatic life. A variety of clinical and behavioral studies are
needed to determine the effects of various chemicals on particular
organs, metabolic reactions, reproduction, and behavioral responses.
Laboratory toxicological studies involving such activities as bioassays
of aquatic animals and organisms are also necessary to determine both
acute and chronic toxic effects of pesticides on freshwater and
saltwater life. This effort is vital in providing knowledge of the
levels and pathways of pesticides contamination and in supporting such
other related programs as pesticide label registration, especially
since too little is known about the toxic hazards of most pesticide
chemicals upon living matter. The program also includes research
on new and improved pest control methods to further the search for
environmentally safe alternative control techniques. This work is
carried out in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture and
the National Science Foundation.
Increase
1973 • 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authpri ty
Processes and Effects $5,251,800 $5,441.000 +$189,200
Total 5,251,800 5,441,000 +189,200
End-of-Yea r Emp1oymen t
Processes and Effects 114 114
Total... =114 114
Man-Years, Total...... 109 111 +2
RD-27
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Processes and Effects $5,251.800 $5,441,000 +$189.200
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise
and to cover the full-year employment costs of new positions
filled in 1973,
RD-28
-------
Research and Development
Pesticides
Processes and Effects
Jjjgtjjjcatjon
J973. 1974 Change^
Processes and effects $5,251,800 $5,441,000 +$189,200
A continuing program of research on the effects of pesticides and
their metabolites on human health and animal and aquatic life is essential
for the support of EPA's other pesticide programs: pesticide label
registration, residue tolerance setting, and technical assistance to
State, local, and other Federal agencies, Far too little is known about
the toxic hazards of most pesticide chemicals both before and after their
application. Much needs to be learned about the environmental effects of
pesticides as well as the health effects to crop workers who come into
contact with foliage sprayed with pesticide chemicals. Also, more needs to
be known about the hazards of improper disposal of pesticide containers
and waste chemicals.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs associated with the 1973
pay raise and to cover the full-year employment costs of new positions
filled in 1973.
Significant 1973Accomplishments
- Established electro-encephalograms and quantisation of breakdown
products in urine as practical indices of human exposure to pesticides,
- Provided the basis for comparison of the effects of the many pesticidal
compounds which EPA must regulate.
1974 Objectives
- Develop and refine industrial safety evaluation protocols required by
EPA for pesticide registration.
- Using field data, develop possible approaches to control pests by
methods other than applying pesticides.
- Develop methodology to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of
carbamates and organo-phosphorus pesticides.
RD-29
-------
Radiation
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Radiation
Purpose
The radiation research and development program supports research
on the health effects of human exposure to both ionizing and nonionizing
radiation. This work is carried out in support of EPA's radiation
standards setting programs.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authori ty
Processes and Effects... $2,287,000 $2.470.500 +$183.500
Total 2,287,000 2,470,500 +183,500
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects... 88 88 ...
Total 88 88
Man-Years, Total 85 85
RD-30
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
_
Processes and Effects $2.287,000 $2,470,500 +$183.500
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise
and for a slight expansion in research of the effects of selected
radionuclides, including krypton.
RD-31
-------
Research and Development
Radiation
Processes and Effects
Justification
1973 ]974_ Change
Processes and effects $2,287,000 $2,470,500 +$183,500
The rapid increase in both the number of nuclear power reactors and
the number of more powerful transmitting antennae leads to an increasing
rate of exposure of the population to sources of ionizing and nonionizing
radiation.
The major uncertainty for nonionizing radiation is the potential
health effects of chronic exposure to levels below the current standard
which is set on the basis of acute exposure leading to thermal effects.
The mechanism of interaction of low power level exposure must be
understood to verify the current standards.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise and
for a slight expansion in research of the effects of selected radionuclides,
including krypton.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Developed an improved basis for evaluating exposure to strontium,
as a function of the age of animals.
- Improved in-vitro technique for screening potential co-carcinogenic
agents using highly purified virus DNA.
1974 Objectives
- Determine critical organ of exposure and median lethal dose for
selected animals exposed to krypton.
- Complete cytogenetic studies which elucidate abnormalities
induced by low level nonionizing radiation exposure.
RD-32
-------
Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Noise
Purpose
The noise research and development effort concentrates on
coordinating the research programs of all Federal agencies as mandated
by Congress, In order to expand and improve the scientific/technological
base in critical areas related to EPA's responsibilities under the Noise
Control Act of 1972. In support of EPA's responsibilities related
to the standard setting and enforcement role of the Agency, effects research
is needed to develop criteria which Congress has stated will be the
basis for setting any noise emission standards. There are numerous
gaps in knowledge and extensive areas of technical and scientific
disagreements that require a continuing research effort. The early
development and implementation of the required research coordination
program will substantially resolve these problems.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects $280,800 $550.000 +$269.200
Total 280,800 550,000 +269,200
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects ... 3_ +3_
Total., ... 3 +3
Han-Years, Total ... 3 +3
ED-33
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Processes and Effects $280,800 $550,000 +$269,200
To expand the noise research program to meet the new
requirements of the Noise Control Act of 1972 for coordination
and reporting of the noise research activities of all Federal
agencies.
RD-34
-------
Research and Development
Noi se
Processes and Effects
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Processes and effects... $280,800 $550,000 +$269,200
The Noise Control Act of 1972 requires that EPA coordinate the
noise research programs of all Federal agencies. Presently, the
noise research programs of other Federal agencies (approximately 17
components) encompass annual expenditures of $30 to $40 million with
80-90 percent of these efforts being devoted to the development of
equipment and technology to suppress and control noise. The new Act
also requires EPA to prepare periodic reports on the status and
progress of the noise research activities of Federal agencies. The
EPA noise research program is, in part, devoted to meeting these
requirements.
The new Act requires EPA to establish noise emission standards
for construction and transportation equipment and for commercial
products. To support this standards setting effort, an assessment
of the current state-of-art of noise control devices and technology
is needed and further research and development of improved technology
is required. The remainder of EPA's noise research program is directed
toward these objectives.
PurposeofIncrease
To expand the noise research program to meet the new requirements
of the Noise Control Act of 1972 for coordination and reporting of the
noise research activities of all Federal agencies.
Significant 1973Accomplishments ;
- Collected and compiled existing data and information on the effects
of noise and vibrations on human health and well-being.
1974 Objectives
- Develop a program to coordinate the noise research activities of
the Federal agencies.
- Prepare a report on the status and progress of federally supported
noise research programs.
RD-35
-------
- Continue the collection and assessment of information on existing
devices and technology for controlling noise.
- Initiate development of improved noise control technology.
- Develop a program to transfer existing research results to
potential users of such results.
RD-36
-------
Interdisciplinary
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Interdisciplinary
Purpose
The interdisciplinary research and development program embodies
those research activities which cut across media and categorical lines
to provide solutions to multimedia problems. This program includes
sociological, ecological, and economics research; technology forecasting;
technology transfer; monitoring; quality control; and basic research on
the effects of long-term, low dose exposures to toxic materials. These
activities are focused on providing the basic information and analytical
tools necessary for developing effective, comprehensive environmental
protection strategies.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authori ty
Processes and Effects $12,587,100 $13,149,400 +$562,300
Control Technology... 1.181,100 1,322,800 +141,700
Total 13,768,200 14,472,200 +704,000
En d- o f - Ye arr Emp 1 oymen t
Processes and Effects 180 180
Control Technology... a__ „, f:;::,: I?„..,.,. 12 r ._._.
Total 192 192
Man-Years, Total. 186 186
RD-37
-------
Research and Develop
Interdisciplinajj
Processes and Efffj
Justification
1973 W
?
affects.. $12,587,100 $13,149
lents of this program can be cl sii
jlementation research; (2) Envf '—'
; and (4) the National Center f
Vs role in combating environrnl alj
istic levels of environmental | lii
-ilations, and appropriate abatf
provides the capabilities for f si]
and performing benefit analyse| eej
>, regulations, and control sti
iards and complex regulations I ,»
the appropriate set of appropi? tef
)timize total environmental quei 1--
and benefits of alternate stra
Dlementing optimum strategies a "si,
ilopment of environmental contr , or
'sources for pollution abatement
th work initiated to utilize a '.
tal and ecological impacts of p) '
tinuing consideration needs to
nental technological developmer|
Fficient and cost-effective nor| llij
"e forwarded. | s
ital studies research is concevj d v
Jdeling and methodologies devel| mri
jarch, and comprehensive enviro]
seen as being related in that J ^\
;o be used, along with other tef ii^
;s to achieve effective environj "
)nducted in this area is highly!
is at understanding and evaluatf :
environment in order to be ablf "
impacts. A program of research!
i the area of environmental resf "cFf
"ded to these institutions in a] att
:onduct effective research in e
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973
1974
Processes and Effects $12,587,100 $13,149,400 +$
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973
to cover the full-year employment costs of new positi
in 1973, and to expand the analytical quality control
of the Office of Monitoring.
Control Technology
1,181,100 1.322,800
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 197:
and to cover the full-year employment costs of new pc
filled in 1973,
-------
; The Office of Monitoring has the responsibility to review and audit
the several monitoring programs operated by the Offices of Air and Water
M." Programs and Categorical Programs to insure that they are coordinated
: ?] to achieve maximum effectiveness and to integrate them whenever possible.
The Office of Monitoring also operates a quality assurance program
to maintain uniform, scientifically-sufficient analytical methods
f|S throughout EPA's numerous laboratories and it assesses and disseminates
£•$ information on new monitoring and analytical methods.
"'" The National Center for Toxicological Research is being developed
< ; jointly by the Food and Drug Administration and EPA as a national
facility to study the long-term effects of low doses of chemical
- , toxicants. Past research efforts associated with chemical toxicants and
their effects on man and the environment have been oriented toward
' investigation of highly concentrated doses. Concern has arisen in the
scientific community regarding the possibility that much more severe
damage to man and the environment may be occurring through low dose
' exposure to chemical toxicants over a long period of time. Research
must be undertaken to evaluate such cumulative, low dosage effects.
; Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise,
to cover the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in
1973, and to expand and improve the quality assurance program for air
and water analyses. Relative to this latter item, increased effort
will be devoted to the inter-laboratory testing and evaluation of
regional and State laboratory capabilities for conducting air sample
analyses. This effort was started in 1973 and requires expansion to
enable planned decentralization of EPA's air monitoring activities.
' In addition, the ongoing effort of preparing and distributing reference
water samples to laboratories will be expanded to complement the
increased water quality monitoring required by the Federal Water
Pollution Control Amendments of 1972.
Si gnificant 1973 Accompli shments
Implementation research: ;
- Developed methods for evaluating impacts of single media regulation
,-. i (e.g. air standards) on other media (e.g., water, land) in order
"*'* to identify total environmental impact.
I ' - Identified economically efficient environmental actions through
" improved estimation of both benefit and cost functions for
various levels of pollution abatement.
- Examined feasible systems of economic incentives to complement
and strengthen regulatory authority, e.g. sulfur tax proposals.
RD-40
-------
- Supported standard setting and enforcement in the energy area
by participation in Southwest Energy Study of air pollution
consequences from fossil fuel plants.
- Contributed to a comparative study of the environmental impacts of
alternate fuel cycles.
- Contributed to evaluation of impact statements processed under
the National Environmental Policy Act.
Environmental studies research:
- Developed a methodology which communities can use to devise the
most effective strategies to achieve mandated air quality standards.
- Continued developmental work on an operating river basin model
with the aim of evolving it into a general environmental model.
- Initiated design and development of the Strategic Environmental
Assessment System.
Monitoring:
- Initiated an inter!aboratory testing and evaluation program.
- Continued efforts of preparing and distributing water reference
samples to laboratories,
- Initiated program to utilize expertise of other government agencies
in testing and evaluating new remote and contact sensors under
ambient conditions in conjunction with on-site assays.
National Center for Toxicological Research:
- Completed conversion of former military facility at Pine Bluff,
Arkansas, to a civilian research center on toxic effects of
long-term, low dose exposures to chemicals.
- Completed the establishment of specific pathogen-free laboratory
animal breeding colony.
- Initiated the establishment of experimental protocols for core
program studies.
- Initiated preliminary experiment to provide basis for chronic
lifetime studies at the 0.01 effective dose level.
- Completed a diagnostics laboratory capable of monitoring
microbial and viral profiles of facilities and laboratory animals.
RD-41
-------
- Completed a diet preparation facility capable of mixing chemicals
with feed under sterile conditions.
- Initiated pathology, teratology, and animal care training programs
to develop capabilities not currently existing.
iir;
IIS 1974 Objectives
Implementation research:
- Develop economic and social systems alternatives to complement
and strengthen EPA pollution abatement in the energy sector.
- Develop methods for analyzing and improving the reliability of
environmental management systems based on standards.
- Evaluate improvement of standard setting and enforcement to
achieve environmental quality through impact analysis,
especially of the secondary impacts of activities (e.g.,
infrastructure investments).
Environmental studies research:
- Bring to operational status the prototype version of the
Strategic Environmental Assessment System.
- Prepare and issue a handbook for the use of local planners
synthesizing the research results achieved in developing a
methodology which communities can use to explore the most effective
strategies they can utilize in achieving mandated air quality
standards.
Monitoring:
- Implement an Agency-wide standardization and quality control
program that covers all environmental monitoring activities of
the EPA.
- Extend above programs, insofar as possible, to cover State and
local environmental monitoring activities.
- Substantially increase interlaboratory testing and evaluation
programs.
- Complete evaluation of methods for air measurement as required by
legislation.
- Implement a data audit and improvement program to ensure that all
of EPA1s monitoring data is void of errors, readily accessible to
all users, and in the appropriate format.
RD-42
-------
- Develop techniques for improving the utility of data for multiple
analytical purposes.
- Assure development and testing of new and improved environmental
monitoring techniques.
- Assure efficient and effective operation of monitoring networks
in support of EPA's research program.
National Center for lexicological Research:
- Continue the development of experimental protocols for core program
studies.
- Continue experiments on chronic lifetime studies at the 0.01 effective
dose level.
- Continue pathology, teratology*, and animal care training programs
at the Center.
RD-43
-------
Research and Development
n
|! Interdi sci pi inary
Control Technology
***,
ji Justification
}
1973 1974 Change
Control technology $1,181,100 $1,322,800 +$141,700
This activity represents EPA's Technology Transfer Program. In
the coming decade, billions of dollars will be invested in the
construction of pollution control and abatement facilities. The
objectives of the Technology Transfer Program is to effectively
impact the construction and operation of these facilities to ensure
that the latest viable technologies are transferred to potential
users to eliminate the possibility of an enormous investment in
obsolete facilities. The Technology Transfer Program is designed
to bridge the gap between research and full-scale use by evaluating
and transferring newly developed successful technology to industries9
consulting engineers, municipal and State design engineers,
administrative decision-makers, and others exerting influence over the
design and construction of pollution control facilities.
Purpose ofIncrease
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise
and to cover the full-year employment costs of new positions filled
in 1973.
S1 gn if1 cant 19 73 Ac pomp 1i's hme n t s
- Presented six regular design seminars to approximately 750
professional design engineers covering the availability of new
municipal waste water treatment technologies.
- Initiated ten seminars on infiltration control (runoff water entering
treatment works causing overloads) in response to Section 201 (g) (3)
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
- Initiated a industrial seminar program and presented seven seminars
to small industrial manufacturers covering new environmental
pollution control technology.
RD-44
-------
- Distributed, upon request, 80,000 design manuals for use by
municipal waste water design engineers.
- Prepared design manuals for pulp/paper and iron/steel industries,
1974 Objectives
- Present ten regular design seminars for municipal and industrial
design engineers.
- Prepare design manuals on nitrogen control and the use of oxygen
aeration for municipal waste water treatment plants.
- Prepare industrial design manuals on the power and textile industry
including subject matter on air monitoring.
RO-45
-------
Program
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Program Management and Support
**
Purpose
K .
This activity encompasses the overall management of and support
for the Research and Development programs described in the foregoing
sections.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Program Management $6,023,600 $5,916,900 -$106,700
Program Support 8,200,000 11,526,000 +3,325,900
Grant and Contract Review
Committees. 2,5QQ,QQQ i ._._. -2.500,000
Total 16,723,700 17,442,900 +719,200
End-of-Year Employment
Program Management....... 263 263
Program Support ... ... ....
Grant and Contract Review
Committees. ... ...
Total. . 263- 263
Man-Years, Total.... 255 255
RD-46
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Program Management $6,023.600 $5,916,900 -$106.700
A decrease in funding requirements made possible by a reduction
in staff during 1973.
Program Support 8,200.100 11.526,000 +3,325,900
To cover a prorated share of increased funding requirements for
common support services—refer to the section on Agency and
Regional Management for a description of these requirements.
Grant and Contract
Review Committees 2,500,000 ._._. -2,500,000
A reduction for this purpose is achieved due to the Agency
requirement that such committees will be funded by the
programs concerned.
RD-47
-------
Research and Development
Management and Support
Justification
1973 .. 1974
$5,916,900 -$1069700
This activity provides for the overall management of the Office of
Research .and f*tofn"torfng9 including the four National Environmental
Centers, It involves the development of program policies
and strategies9 the overall planning of research and development
activities, the monitoring and review of program performance, and
the direction of the program activities perforated in headquarters
and tte National Environmental Research Centers. The activity also
provides for t regional research representative and staff 1n each
of the ten regional offices. To carry out these functions^ this
activity provides for the following staffing of managerial personnel:
1J73 ' 1974
•Office of Research and Monitoring...... 7 7
........ 27 27
....... 31 31
Office of Program Operations........... 85 85
National Environmental Research Centers 71 - 71
Regional Research Representatives...... 42 42
requirements of this activity will be less than .:
of 1973 because of a reduction In the staffing of the above
offices 1973 (these reductions are reflected in the above staffing
figures for both 1973 and 1974), The increased salary costs of the
are offset by the reduced funding requirements.
RD-48
-------
Research and Development
Program Management and Support
Program Support
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Program support $8,200,100 $11,526,000 +$3,325,900
This element constitutes the prorated share of EPA's total
funding requirements for common support services. These funding
requirements cover certain agencywide and regional lease, communication,
and other common service costs which are managed through a single
headquarters and ten regional accounts. These requirements are
fully described in the section covering Agency and Regional Management.
The prorated share charged under this element represents that portion
required to support the programs funded and conducted under the
Research and Development appropriation account.
Purposeof Increase
This increase, together with those under similar elements under
the Abatement and Control and Enforcement appropriation accounts, are
described under the section covering Agency and Regional Management.
RD-49
-------
Research and Development
Program Management and Support
Grant and Contract Review Committees
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Grant and contract review
committees.... ......... $2,500,000 ... -$2,500,000
In 1973, the House Appropriations Committee earmarked, by appropriation
language, $2,500,000 for Research and Development specifically to fund
advisory committees. The committee indicated the job of cleaning up the
environment is so big and so important to the future of our country that
it is absolutely essential that we utilize such resources as we can in a
manner that will yield the greatest return. Therefore, they recommended
that advisory committees be utilized to review the priority of the Agency
and to advise the Administrator as to which contracts or grants will provide
the greatest return to the Agency in relation to those priorities.
As a result of this action, an exhaustive review was conducted of the
existing advisory committee structure, its possible use in complying with
the requirements of the Appropriation Act, and the use of existing and
new advisory committees in the Agency's complex grant and contract programs.
The review was difficult in view of the stringent requirements of the
Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972, effective January 5, 1973;
however, EPA now has various committees designated to fulfill these
requirements.
Purpose of Decrease
The budget proposes the elimination of the specific earmarking of
funds in the appropriation language for this purpose. However, EPA will
still continue this committee review process in 1974 with funding to be.
accommodated by the programs concerned, since the review also indicated
that the funds required were considerably less than that earmarked for
1973,
RD-50
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Purpose
Abatement and control activities include programs in air and water
pollution control, water supply and radiation protection^ solid and toxic
waste managements pesticides control, and noise abatement.
Efforts entail developing environmental standards; monitoring and
surveillance of pollution conditions; grant support for State and local
pollution control planning; direct Federal pollution control planning;
grant support for State, regional, and local pollution control programs;
technical assistance to pollution control agencies and organizations;
assistance to Federal agencies in complying wtih environmental standards
and insuring that their activities have minimum environmental impact; and
training to increase the supply of and improve the skills of pollution
control personnel. Also included is the overall management and support; of
the abatement and control programs.
Budget Authority 1.972 -1 1973 J974
Air , $75,127,900 $80,807,400,. $79,734,700,,
Water Quality 59,140,500 120,490,8002.' 196,909,300H/
Water Supply 1,716,900 2,014,500 2,052,100 .
Solid Wastes 9S547,20CK 12,942,300" 3,560,000
Pesticides. 12,543,700 14,112,200 17,224,500
Radiation. 4,406,200 . 4,848,100 4,650,700
Noise 965,800 2,083,100 3,487,500
Program Management and
Support 26.009.800 24.736.200 31,481.600
Total 189,458,000 262,034,600 339,100,400; '
Manpower Resources 1_973 1974
End-of-Year Employment 3,454 3,605
Man-Years. 3,347 3,442
a/ Provided for comparative purposes and represents resources approved
under the appropriation "Operations, Research, and Facilities" for
activities now carried under this appropriation.
b/ Includes contract authority for Areawide Waste Treatment Management
Grants of $50 million in 1973 and $96 million in 1974. None of the
1973 authority and $21 million of the 1974 authority is expected to
be used in 1974 and liquidated in future years.
AC-1
-------
Air
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Purpose
The air abatement and control program encompasses those activities
carried out by EPA to implement the Clean Air Act, as amended, with the
exception of activities related directly to research and development and
enforcement, which are covered under separate appropriations. The
abatement and control activities include: development, establishment,
and implementation of ambient air quality standards, stationary source
standards, and mobile source standards. Because the primary responsibility
for the control of pollution at its source lies with the States and
communities, most of EPA's abatement and control efforts are oriented
toward support of State and local efforts. The bulk of the resources
under this program are in the form of grants to State and local air
pollution control agencies; EPA activities in monitoring and surveillance
are in direct support of the State and local programs; EPA provides
technical assistance to the State and local agencies in development and
operation of their programs; and EPA provides or supports training to
improve the skills of State and local air pollution control personnel as
well as to increase the availability of air pollution control manpower.
Also, under this program, EPA assists other Federal agencies to bring
their facilities into conformance with prevailing air pollution standards
and helps ensure that the programs, projects, and other activities of
Federal agencies produce a minimum air pollution impact.
Increase
1973 1974 orDecrease
Budget Authority
Mobile Sources $9,325,200 $9,807,500 +$482,300
Stationary Source Standards
and Guidelines 6,246,000 6,280,100 +34,100
Ambient Trend Monitoring... 952,300 976,700 +24,400
Technical Assistance 10,925,400 9,052,400 -1,873,000
Academic Training Grants... 2,556,900 2,100,000 -456,900
Control Agency Support 50,801,600 51.518,000 +716.400
Total 80,807,400 79,734,700 -1,072,700
End-of-Year Employment
Mobile Sources. 160 160
Stationary Source Standards
and Guidelines 125 120 -.5
Ambient Trend Monitoring... -43 43
Technical Assistance 369 310 -59
Academic Training Grants...
Control Agency Support. 5 ._j_. -5
Total 702 633 -69
Man-Years, Total 680 614 -6,6
AC-2
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
. J Mobile Sources $9,325,200 $9.807,500 +$482,300
11 Standards, guidelines, and
jifj regulations..... 3,172,000 3,239,400 +67,400
^ To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Monitoring and surveillance... 6,153,200 6,568,100 +414,900
! To support the intensified vehicle certification program initiated in
1973 and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay
raise.
Stationary Source Standards and
Guidelines 6.246.000 6.280,100 +34.100
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Ambient Trend Monitoring 952.300 976,700 +24,400
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Technical Assistance 10.925,400, 9,052,400 -1.873,000
Technical information and
assistance 8,102,100 6,284,800 -1,817,300
To cover the comparative transfer of 59 positions to the Enforcement
appropriation account for enforcement of State implementation plans,
new source performance standards and hazardous air pollutant emission
standards.
Federal activities 719,400 742,800 +23,400
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
• Manpower training and planning 2,103,900 2,024,800 -79,100
A reduction in 1974 funding requirements which offsets the increased
\i salary costs of the 1973 pay raise and provides the decrease indicated.
\
Academic Training Grants 2,556,900 2,100,000 -456»900
The decrease in 1974 reflects EPA's intention to shift from a
traineeship program to a scholarship program at the- bachelor/masters
level.
AC-3
-------
1973 1974 Change
Control Agency Support 50,801.600 51,518,000 +716.400
To increase grant assistance to State and local agencies to aid them
in executing and enforcing State implementation plans.
AC-4
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Mobile Sources
Justification
The mobile sources program includes the development of motor vehicle,
aircraft, and fuel standards and regulations; the certification of new
vehicles for conformity with applicable motor vehicle emission standards;
the testing of vehicles for confirmation of emissions data submitted by
manufacturers; and the testing of in-use vehicles to determine emissions
performance.
1973 1974 Change
Standards, guidelines, and regulations.. $3,172,000 $3,239,400 +$67,400
This activity includes the development of emission standards for
mobile sources; the assessment of the need for changes in the standards
or the need to extend coverage to sources not currently controlled; and
the development of procedures used to set and assure compliance with the
emission standards. The light duty emission standards assessment ha,s
been the most important activity. The stringent emission standards
required by the Clean Air Act for 1975 (for hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide) and 1976 (nitrogen oxides) model year light duty vehicles
has resulted in a need for continuous assessment of the technology
available to meet such standards. Manufacturers are authorized to apply
for suspension of the emission standards' applicability for one year if
certain strict conditions are met. The EPA Administrator, beforq granting
the suspension, must find that: (1) the suspension is essential to tjie
public interest or health and welfare; (2) all good faith efforts have
been made to meet the standards; (3) the manufacturer has established that
effective control techniques are not available; and (4) other evidence
available corroborates the manufacturer's contention. Manufacturers
submitted applications for suspension of the 1975 standards in early 19,72;
their requests were denied. The courts have ordered the Administrator to
review his action and new hearings are required.
Standards development effort is also devoted toward the control of
emissions from other sources including heavy duty vehicles and aircraft.
Revised heavy duty vehicle standards were set in 1973. Aircraft emission
standards covering exhaust emissions from new and in-use aircraft gas
turbine engines, new aircraft piston engines, and new and in-use gas
turbine aircraft have been proposed. In addition, assessments are being
AC-5
-------
made to determine the need for controlling other mobile sources such as
motorcycles, recreational vehicles, and medium duty vehicles.
Purpose of Increase
. . .
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
S i gn i f i cant 1973 Accompl i shments
- Conducted suspension hearings and determined the need for granting
extensions of light duty motor vehicle standards applicable to
1975 and 1976 model-year vehicles.
Promulgated revised heavy duty vehicle emission standards.
Promulgated light duty Diesel engine emission standards.
Promulgated aircraft emission standards.
1974 Objectives
Continue the assessment of the technological feasibility of meeting
the 1975 and 1976 light duty vehicle emission standards.
Promulgate emission standards for medium duty vehicles.
Reassess technical aspects of the aircraft standards to be
promulgated during 1973.
1973 1974
Monitoring and surveillance....... .. 6,153,200 6,568,100 +414,900
This program includes the certification of prototype light duty
vehicles and heavy duty engines for conformity with applicable motor
vehicle emission standards, the testing of selected vehicles and engines
for confirmation of the emissions data submitted by manufacturers, and
the testing of in-use motor vehicles to establish their emissions
performance. The certification program is presently the single most
important aspect of the overall program for assuring that new motor
vehicles are manufactured with the capability to meet emission standards,
The need to place increased emphasis on this program was demonstrated in
1972 when the Ford Motor Company violated some of the conditions governing
the testing of prototypes, jeopardizing its ability to receive certification
in time to market its 1973 model vehicles. This incident led to the
intensification of EPA's efforts in checking on the procedures followed by
manufacturers in testing their vehicles and in accumulating mileage on
their prototypes. The intensified certification effort includes visits
AC-6
-------
to manufacturers' facilities to determine the existence of potential or
actual problem areas, The resolution of problems prior to testing will
significantly improve the chances of avoiding problems in future
certification activities. Testing in-use vehicles is done to evaluate
their contribution to air pollution and to provide an information base
from which to determine whether manufacturers should be required to
recall classes of vehicles found to have defective emission control
devices.
PurposeofIncrease
To support the intensified vehicle certification program initiated
in 1973 and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay
raise.
Sign1ficant 1973 Accpmplj shments
Contributed information leading to the recall of 2,290 vehicles
found to be in violation of certification conditions.
Completed certification of 1974 model-year light duty vehicles and
heavy duty engines for conformity with emissions standards.
1974 Objectives
Complete certification of 1975 model-year light duty vehicles and
heavy duty engines.
Carry out an intensified certification program.
AC-7
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Stationary Source Standards and Guidelines
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Stationary source standards
and guidelines $6,246,000 $6,280,100 +$34,100
This program includes the setting of New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS), National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutant Sources (NESHAPS), and National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) making changes or additions in these standards;
assessing the need to control any substance found to be an air
pollutant; and carrying out supportive studies and the promulgation
of ancillary regulations. NAAQS for the most significant pollutants,
currently identified (sulfur dioxide, parttculates, nitrogen diox^cje,
carbon monoxide, and photochemical oxidants and hydrocarbons) have
been set. NESHAPS are in process for the most significant sources
of mercury, asbestos, and beryllium; it is expected that these
standards will be promulgated before the end of FY 1973. The control
of NAAQS is in process through the State Implementation Plans (SIP?).
The bulk of the work on NAAQS is (and will be in the future) SIP
preparation, with modifications of the standards leading to changes
in SIPs. The NSPS are the basic tool for controlling pollutant
emissions from new stationary sources.
NSPS are based on emission levels achievable by the best adequately
demonstrated system of emission reduction. The application of this
type of controls by new or modified sources will result in substantial
improvements in emission reductions and in nationwide protection against
undue deterioration of air quality. NSPS will avoid by requiring all
new sources to meet the same emission limitations, the proliferation
of highly polluting sources that may be built away from current priority
air quality control regions in attempts to evade State regulations
prepared for the control of sources in the high pollution areas. An
additional benefit to be derived from NSPS is the incentive provided to
industry for the development of improved technology to more effectively
meet the standards. The potential sources to be covered by NSPS
number more than a hundred. NSPS have been set for large power plants,
municipal incinerators, portland cement plants, nitric acid plants, and
sulfuric acid plants. Emissions' limitations have been set for new or
modified plants in these categories for particulates, sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, and sulfuric and nitric acid mists. Additional groups
of sources will be covered in the future. Under consideration are
AC-8
-------
; asphalt concrete plants; petroleum refineries; storage vessels for
petroleum liquids; secondary lead smelters; brass and bronze ingot
production plants; iron and steel mills; sewage treatment plants}
primary copper, zinc, and lead smelters; and a host of other industries,
,<} In the case of pollutants for which no criteria has been published
'l|" (and no NAAQS are applicable), the Clean Air Act provides for the
preparation by States of plans for the control of existing sources to
*H which a NSPS would be applicable if they were new. The applicability
si'*> of NSPS to new sources and modifications for NAAQS pollutants and
to all sources for other pollutants makes these standards a powerful
; . tool for reducing pollutant emissions. As such, they constitute the
t main effort carried out under this activity.
Supportive studies are carried out to determine the economic
, , impact of emission standards, the sources of pollutants in specific
industries, and the need to control these industries. Assessments
of the need to control additional pollutants are also made, based
on information made available by health or welfare effects research
; work.
Purposeof Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Sjjnifjcant .j_9_7_3_ Accompl ishments
- Revised the secondary sulfur dioxide National Ambient Air Quality
Standards. •
- Promulgated National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant
Sources for significant sources of asbestos, mercury, and beryllium,
- Promulgated New Source Performance Standards for asphalt concrete
plants, petroleum refineries, storage vessels for petroleum liquids,
secondary lead smelters, brass and bronze ingot production plants,
iron and steel mills (in part), and sewage treatment plants.
1974 Objectives
- Promulgate New Source Performance Standards for Kraft pulp mills,
aluminum reduction, coal cleaning plants, ferroallory plants, gas
turbines, iron and steel mills (in part), and phosphate fertilizer
plants.
AC-9
-------
Abatement and Control
Ai r
Ambient Trend Monitoring
Justification
1973 1974 Chanqe
Ambient trend monitoring... $952,300 $976,700 +$24,400
The ambient air monitoring program is carried out by EPA's
National Aerometric Surveillance Network. This network supplements
State and local air quality monitoring systems. The program includes
the collection, storage, processing, and analysis of national air
quality data for the purpose of establishing trends and evaluating
State and local monitoring efforts. The Federal network consists of
some 250 stations which provide quality control audit to approximately
2,000 State and local stations which operate under approved State
implementation plans. States submit their air quality data to EPA
through the quarterly reports set up under State implementation plans.
EPA processes and summarizes these data to provide an assessment of
progress toward achieving ambient air quality standards.
Purpose of Increase
To meet the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Provided information on ambient air concentrations of sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and total suspended particulates.
- Summarized and published air quality data collected in 1969,
1970, and 1971.
1974 Objectives ,
- Provide information on ambient air concentration of sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and total suspended particulates.
- Summarize air quality data submitted by States to assess
progress toward achieving air quality standards.
AC-10
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Technical Assistance
Justification
This program includes the provision of technical information
and assistance to State and local agencies; the review, approval
or promulgation of State implementation plans; the review of
environmental impact statements; the surveillance of other Federal
agencies activities to assure compliance with standards; and the
conducting of manpower training and planning programs.
1973 1974 Change
Technical information and
assistance......... ....... $8,102,100 $6,284,800 -$1,817,300
This program includes the review, approval, and preparation of
State implementation plans, the provision of assistance to States and
local agencies in the technical aspects of air pollution control, the
assessment of the effectiveness of control strategies, the preparation
of technical guidance materials for air pollution control agency use,
the maintenance and updating of the national emissions data bank,
the monitoring of emergency air pollution episodes, and the review,
indexing, abstracting, retrieval, and distribution of air pollution
control literature.
EPA is responsible for the review, approval, and promulgation
(where State plans are found inadequate) of State implementation
plans. State plans for achieving compliance with primary National
Ambient Air Quality Standards have been in effect since early
1973 for all jurisdictions. In addition, plans for achieving
compliance with secondary standards are in effect for 37 jurisdictions.
Plans for achieving secondary standards for sulfur dioxide and
particulate matter in the remaining 18 jurisdictions will be
submitted in early 1974 for review and approval. The prospective
change in the sulfur dioxide standard may alter this schedule,
extending the date for the submission of plans for achieving the sulfur
dioxide secondary standard to the latter part of 1974. Significant
effort will also be devoted to the review and approval of transportation
control plans in 1973 and 1974. Revisions of currently approved plans
are expected to be numerous due to (1) changing environmental
conditions, (2) better understanding of specific States' air pollutiqn
problems, (3) potential changes in national ambient air quality
standards, and (4) recent and prospective court decisions placing an
AC-11
-------
additional burden on States for revising and resubmitting their plans
to EPA.
Assistance to State and local agencies complements the financial
assistance (described under Air Control Agency Support) given to
these agencies. The close relationship maintained by EPA personnel
with State and local air pollution control personnel facilitates
the application of the best techniques and procedures at all levels
of government, leading to improvements in air pollution control.
EPA personnel assess the needs of specific control agencies and
provide advice on how to improve operations. Advice is supplemented
by the publication of manuals on subjects such as air quality
monitoring, laboratory services, permit processing, and enforcement
actions. The abstracts of the literature on air pollution are made
available to control agencies as well as other parties interested
in air pollution control. Atmospheric conditions that may lead to
exceptional buildups of pollutant concentrations are monitored and
where these conditions indicate that an emergency episode is likely
to occur, action is taken under the provisions of the Clean Air Act,
Such actions are taken by EPA only after a State has failed to act.
The maintenance of a data bank with information on nationwide
pollutant emissions allows estimates to be made of the national
air pollution status and the assessment of the effectiveness of air
pollution control measures, such as emission standards and implementation
plans. The emissions data, when coupled with other information on
items such as air quality, meteorologic factors, topography, and
projected growth, allow prediction of the impact that specific control
strategies will have on air quality.
Purpose of Decrease
To cover the comparative transfer of 59 positions to the Enforcement
appropriation account for enforcement of State implementation plans,
new source performance standards, and hazardous air pollutant emission
standards. This transfer is made possible by the decrease in peak
activities related to the preparation of State implementation plans.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Completed review and approval or promulgation of implementation
plans for achieving primary air quality standards for all States
and for achieving secondary standards for 37 jurisdictions.
- Provided assistance to remaining 18 states in preparing plans
for achieving secondary standards for sulfur dioxide and total
suspended particulates.
- Initiated review of transportation control plans received from
States.
AC-12
-------
1974 Objectives
- Complete review and approval or promulgate transportation control
plans for all States that require them.
- Review and approve or promulgate State implementation plans for
achieving secondary air quality standards for the remaining 18
jurisdictions not currently approved or promulgated.
- Review and revise, where appropriate, State implementation plans
in accordance with the Supreme Court decision on non-degradation,
1973 1974 Change
Federal activities $719,400 $742,800 +$23,400
The purpose of this program is to ensure that other Federal agencies'
activities produce a minimum air pollution effect and do not violate
prevailing standards. Executive Order 11507 requires that all installations
owned or leased by the Federal Government comply with established
Federal, State, and local air and water pollution control standards.
In addition, Executive Order 11514 requires the Federal agencies to
prepare environmental impact statements on proposed actions. These
statements are submitted to EPA for review and comment.
In furtherance of these requirements, EPA develops and issues
guidelines and procedures relating to the control of air pollution
from Federal facilities; provides consultation and technical assistance
to Federal agencies in development and implementation of their air
pollution control plans and programs; compiles, stores, and processes
data on the air pollutant emissions of Federal installations; reviews
agencies' environmental impact statements to determine the impact qf
proposed Federal projects or federally funded or licensed actions on
the air environment; and provides assistance to the agencies in
improving the environmental protection measures associated with such
actions,
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Signifi cant 1973 Accomplishments
- Provided technical advice and assistance to Federal agencies on
a variety of problems relating to the prevention, control, and
abatement of air pollution from Federal facilities.
AC-13
-------
- Reviewed approximately 1,600 environmental impact statements
and provided comments to the Federal agencies.
"• - Maintenance of air emission data on approximately 35OQO Federal
'<* facilities located in the first 34 designated air quality
control regions.
"Iff
*>• } - Reviewed and evaluated fiscal plans from seven Federal agencies,
involving 230 air pollution abatement projects.
1974 Objectives
- Continue to provide technical advice and assistance to Federal
agencies.
- Develop and issue appropriate program guidelines and procedures.
- Review and comment on about 1,600 new environmental impact
statements and emphasize follow-up on implementation of projects
"^ covered by previously reviewed statements,
- Monitor Federal facilities' compliance with applicable air quality
standards and implementation schedules.
- Update and expand data on air emissions and pollution controls
at Federal facilities.
- Review and evaluate Federal agencies' plans for installing, air
pollution control measures.
1973 1974 Change
Manpower training and
planning ............... $2,103,900 $2,024,800 -$79,100
objective of the manpower training and planning program is to
help meet manpower needs of S,tate and local programs. The program
includes the development and delivery of short courses for improving
the skills of air pollution control personnel at the entry and
advanced levels and the assessment of national training needs in air
pollution control. The program is oriented toward personnel employed
by State and local agencies.
Pu rpose o f De ere ase
A reduction in 1974 funding requirements which offsets the increased
salary costs of the 1973 pay raise and provides the decrease indicated.
AC-14
-------
Signif1 cant 1973 Accomp1i s hmen ts
- Provided training for approximately 3,100 personnel
1974 Objectives
- Provide training for approximately 3,100 personnel.
AO15
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
i? Academic Training Grants
r,ft Justifi Cation
ill
1973 1974 Change
• I •
Academic training grants... $2,556,900 $2,100,000 -$456,900
•*, To help meet national needs for professional air pollution
-,; control manpower, EPA awards grants to universities and individuals
to support both undergraduate and graduate air pollution control
training. The gap between supply and demand for air pollution
! control specialists at the State and local level has closed considerably
' over the past two to three years. Increased concern for the
environment among students has raised enrollments in air pollution
^ control courses and related degrees. Universities have responded
to these demands through increased course offerings. The concern in
academic manpower training has shifted from stimulating interest in
air pollution to attracting superior students into the field.
Commencing with the 1973-74 academic year, EPA support for academic
training will shift from a traineeship program to a scholarship
program at the bachelor/masters level. Fellowships which are aimed
at employees of State and local agencies wi'll continue.
Purpose of Decrease
The decrease in 1974 reflects EPA's intention to shift from a
traineeship program to a scholarship program at the bachelor/
masters level.
Significant 1973_^_ccpnip1_ishnients
- Awarded 70 fellowships at the graduate level for the training
, ,' of State and local control agency personnel.
- Provided support to 250 students pursuing air pollution-
*(« related courses of study at both the graduate and undergraduate
levels.
AC-16
-------
Abatement and Control
Ai r
Control Agency Support
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Control agency support..... $50,801,600 $51,518,000 +$716,400
As authorized under the Clean Air Act, assistance is provided to
State and local agencies through control agency grants, assignment of
personnel to State agencies, special contract support, and demonstration
grants. The primary purpose of these support activities is to assist
State and local agencies in developing and implementing plans to
achieve and sustain ambient air quality standards. Grant funds provide
for conducting control programs in their entirety and include monitoring,
enforcement, administration, laboratory services, and other activities.
To bolster State capability, EPA personnel are assigned to State and
local agencies for two-year term appointments. Based upon this support,
implementation plans developed by the 55 jurisdictions covered by the
Clean Air Act are already approvable in whole or in part.
For cases in which States require special assistance for the
performance of specialized tasks, such as the development of emission
inventories and transportation control plans, the services of EPA
contractors are available. EPA enters into contracts with a series of
firms for services to be provided upon call. This arrangement greatly
speeds up the availability of contractors' services to States and permits
States to comply with the short deadlines imposed by the Clean Air Act
and various court orders that impose requirements on the States.
Purpose of Increase
To increase grant assistance to State and local agencies to aid
them in executing and enforcing State implementation plans.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Assigned 250 State assignees to State and local control agencies.
- Awarded approximately 230 grants to control agencies.
- Provided contractor assistance to 45 States and District of Columbia.
AC-17
-------
! 1974 Objectives^
- Continue the assignment of 250 State assignees to State and local
control agencies.
- Award approximately 230 grants to control agencies.
If
^ ' - Provide contractor assistance to 45 States and the District of
Columbia.
AC-18
-------
Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Purpose
The water abatement and control program encompasses those activities
carried out by EPA to implement the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, with the exception of activities related directly to
research and development and enforcements which are covered under separate
appropriations. The major elements of the program include:
- the assessment of areas in which water pollution is most serious.
- the development of plans for all navigable water under section
303(e) to provide the basis for establishment of effluent
limitations and schedules of compliance for municipal, agricultural,
and industrial dischargers.
- the development of guidelines for the issuance of discharger permits
specifying effluent limitations to municipalities and industries.
- the approval of Federal grants for the construction of municipal
sewage treatment works to enable them to achieve required effluent
levels.
- the establishment of effluent guidelines representing best
practicable and best available technology for various industries.
- the study of the nature and extent of nonpoint sources of pollution.
Because the primary responsibility for the control of pollution lies
with the States, most of EPA's abatement and control efforts are oriented
toward support of State and local efforts. States are responsible for
detailed planning, monitoring, and enforcement efforts, as well as
establishing the priorities for the commitment of Federal funds for the
construction of sewage treatment plants. In addition to their mandated
roles, States are being encouraged to undertake the issuance of industrial
and municipal permits. A substantial portion of the resources included
in this program are in the form of grants to State and interstate
water pollution control agencies; EPA activities in monitoring and
surveillance are in direct support of the State and local programs, EPA
provides technical assistance to the State and local agencies in
development and operation of their programs; and EPA provides or supports
training to improve the skills of State and local water pollution control
personnel as well as to increase the availability of water pollution control
manpower. Also under this program, EPA assists other Federal agencies to
AC-19
-------
I'W-'S
ill
bring their facilities into conformance with prevailing pollution
standards and helps ensure that the programs, projects, and other
activities of Federal agencies produce a minimum water pollution
impact.
1973
1974
Increase or
Decrease
Budget Aut h ori ty
Ambient Trend Monitoring. $5,479,600 $5,264,400 -$215,200
Technical Assistance and
Planning 21,412,400 19,575,400 -1,837,000
Academic Training 5,826,800 3,340,600 -2,486,200
Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Grants
Section 208 ... 4,000,0005-' +4,000,000
Control Agency Support 20,587,800 40,000,000 +19,412,200
Municipal Source Control. 11,343,300 14,771,400 +3,428,100
Industrial Source Control 3,200,400 7,359,500 +4,159,100
Nonpoint Source Control.. 729,000 1,636,400 +907,400
Ocean Disposal and Spill
Prevention. 1,911.500 4.961.600 +3.050,100
Subtotal.. 70,490,800 100,909,300 +30,418,500
Contract Authori ty
Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Grants .. ,/
(Section 208) 50,000.OOP-7 96.000.000- +46.000,000
Total... 120,490,800 196,909,300 +76,418,500
End-of-Year Ernployment
Ambient Trend Monitoring. 232 232
Technical Assistance and
Planning 570 595 +25
Academi c Trai ni ng 5 ... -5
Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Grants
(Section 208)
Control Agency Support... 25 ... -25
Municipal Source Control. 521 655 +134
Industrial Source Control 44 55 +11
Nonpoint Source Control.. 17 26 +9
Ocean Disposal and Spill
Prevention 101 151 +50
Total 1,515 1,714 +199
AC-20
-------
Increase or
197,3 1974 Decrease
Man-Years, Total 1,469 1,663 +194
a/ To liquidate contract authority.
b/ None of the 1973 authority is expected to be used. $21 million
of the 1974 authority is expected to be used in 1974 and
liquidated in future years.
^"M1
k ^ \
AC-21
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
; 1973 1974 Change
s:
Ambient Trend Monitoring $5,479,600 $5.264,400 -$215.200
II|;j A decrease in 1974 funding requirements because of nonrecurring
^ costs for maintaining EPA's water quality monitoring system.
HT Technical Assistance
:5; and Planning 21,412,400 19,575,400 -1.837,000
Hater quality planning 12,725,500 10,5559300 -2,170,200
A decrease reflecting the termination of the Section 102(c) water
quality planning grants program.
Technical information
and assistance 5,586,000 5,845,600 +259,600
' - ^
i To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Federal activities......... 2,163,100 2,217,100 +54,000
To provide for the increased salary cost of the 1973 pay raise.
Standards, guidelines
and regulations.... 937,800 957,400 +19,600
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
j
Academic Training 5,826,800 3,340,600 -2.486,200
A decrease in 1974 funding requirements which will result from
shifting from the support of traineeships/fellowships to the support
of scholarships.
Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Grants
(Section 208)
Budget authority. ... 4,000,000 +4,000,000
- ' Contract authority......... 50,000,000 96,000,000 +46.000,000 .
Total 50,000.000 100,000,000 +50.000.000
* L~~T ~r ''' '" "'""•""""•""* ;l" •TT""""--Jv: ' l " " ' v" "":L ~ v: """"'"'' """"" "TTr" ™r-"-"v™
None of the 1973 authority is expected to be used. In 1974, $25
million in grants is expected to be awarded to waste treatment
management agencies in major metropolitan areas. However only $4
million is expected to be needed in appropriations to make payment
against these awards. Payments against the remaining $21 million
will be made in future years.
AC-22
-------
J973 1974 Change
Control Agency Support $20,587,800 $40,000,000 +$19.412,200
To assist State and interstate water pollution control agencies
in carrying out the increased responsibilities prescribed by the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. These
increased responsibilities include the development of Section 303(e)
water quality management plans, review and processing of great
numbers of construction grant applications,and the issuance of
municipal and industrial permits.
Municipal Source Control 11.343,300 14,771,400 +3.428.100
To establish and staff a municipal waste permit program pursuant
to requirements of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972; to augment the staffing of the construction
grants program to handle the increased volume of work that will
derive from the increase in construction grants funding; and to
provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Industrial Source Control 3.200.400 7.359,500 +4.159,100
A comparative transfer of funds from Research and Development
(Water) to complete the development of effluent guidelines for
approximately 36 major industries.
Nonpoint Source Control 729.000 1.636.400 +907,400
To initiate and develop nonpoint source pollution control programs
which will assess the nature and extent of nonpoint source
pollution problems and will develop control measures for regulating
and abating nonpoint sources of pollution.
Ocean Disposal and Spill
Prevention 1,911,500 4.961,600 +3.050,100
To provide for the development of criteria and for the scientific
and technical review of ocean disposal permit applications; to expand
the oil and hazardous material spill response and prevention
program; and to provide for the increased cost of the 1973 pay
raise.
AC-23
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Ambient Trend Monitoring
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Ambient trend monitoring.. $594799600 $5S264S400 -$215,200
The ambient trend monitoring program provides essential data on
the Nation's water quality. Complemented by State and local networks, the
Federal Water Quality Surveillance System, which is comprised of 875
monitoring stations, gathers data on water quality levels and provides data
on specific point source dischargers. The system is supported by
laboratory units which perform water sample analyses and by a computerized
Federal data system which provides for assemblage and acquisition of both
Federal and State water quality data. Data are made available to EPA
programs for the development of standards, for the identification of
abatement actions for planning and other related purposes as well as to
other Federal agencies , and State and local pollution control agencies.
Purpose of Decrease
A minor decrease in 1974 funding requirements resulting from
nonrecurring costs for maintenance of the Federal monitoring system.
- Evaluated the data base for all existing monitoring stations and
identified those stations which will provide the trend monitoring
data for the National Water Quality Inventory which is required
under Section 3.05 (a) and due to the Congress on January 1, 1974.
1974 Objectives
- To generate water quality data in hydro! ogically discrete water
basin segments for which levels of effluent reductions, based on
the application of best practicable technology for industry and
secondary treatment for municipal plants, will not provide for
meeting 1977 and 1983 water quality goals.
- To develop plans for future expansions or modifications of both
Federal and State monitoring networks.
AC-24
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Technical Assistance and Planning
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Water quality planning.. $12,725,500 $10,555,300 -$2,170,200
The principal elements of this activity are assisting the States
in preparing Section 30.3 (e) river basin water quality management plans
and reviewing Section 201 waste treatment facility development plans
prepared by local agencies. Under Section 303 (e) of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, the States are required to
maintain a continuing planning process for the development and updating
of water quality management plans for all navigable water river basins,
This will involve collecting water quality and waste discharge data,
determining permissible discharges of pollutants which will comply with water
quality standards and, in certain basins, establishing waste discharge
targets for all major sources within the basin. The States will be
responsible for preparing these plans; EPA will provide assistance
including support required in using mathematical models in the development
of plans. The 1972 Amendments also call for local agencies to prepare
and submit waste treatment facility development plans which incorporate
cost-effectiveness data and other information which enable EPA to
evaluate applications received for construction grants within the local
area.
This activity also includes the funding of Great Lakes demonstration
projects under Section 108 of the 1972 Amendments. Projects funded
under this section provide for the demonstration of management techniques
for controlling and abating pollution of the Great Lakes.
Finally, this activity provides for the appropriation of funds to
be transferred to the Departments of Housing and Urban Development,
Commerce, and Transportation and the Atomic Energy and Federal Power
Commissions to enable them to participate in Water Resources Council
planning studies.
Purpose of Decrease
A decrease reflecting the termination of grant awards for water
quality planning projects under Section 102(c) of the 1972 Amendments.
The increase in financial assistance to State and interstate water
pollution control agencies and their use of part of this increase to
undertake Section 303(e) planning supplants the need for Section 102 (c)
grants.
AC-25
-------
Si gnificant 1973 Accomplishments
- Completed 75 Section 303(e) river basin plans where existing
data was sufficient.
- Reviewed Section 201 facility management plans required for all
construction grants.
1974 Objectives
- To assist in preparation of 133 additional Section 303(e)
river basin plans.
- To review Section 201 facility management plans as required for
the awarding of construction grants.
1973 1974 Change
Technical information
and assistance $5,586,000 $5,845,600 +$259,600
EPA provides technical guidance, assistance, and information to
States, other Federal agencies, and local agencies to assist with the
development of programs for control of water pollution. These activities
consist of assisting States in the preparation of their annual plan
for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of water pollution;
providing guidance on the setting of standards and the development and
maintenance of surveillance and monitoring systems; providing technical
expertise; developing uniform laws; developing international agreements
for control of border pollution; and disseminating technical information
concerning scientific and engineering advances in the field of water
pollution control.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Si gni fi cant1973 Accomp1i shments
- Assisted States in developing comprehensive State pollution
control plans for control of pollution emanating from nonpoint
Sources.
- Assisted States in improving their monitoring and surveillance
systems.
AC-26
-------
- Maintained a program of field investigations in the Great Lakes.
- Maintained data on water discharges from approximately 5,500
Federal facilities.
- Reviewed and evaluated fiscal plans from nine Federal agencies
involving 419 water pollution abatement projects, and recommended
budgetary priorities for each project.
1974 Objectives
- Provide consultation and technical assistance to Federal agencies.
- Develop and issue appropriate program guidelines and procedures.
- Issue water discharge permits for Federal facilities under the
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System.
- Review and comment on about 1,600 new environmental impact
statements and emphasize follow-up on implementation of projects
covered by previously reviewed statements.
- Monitor Federal facilities' compliance with applicable water
quality standards and implementation schedules.
- Review and evaluate Federal agencies' plans for installing water
pollution control measures.
1973 1974 Change
Federal activities... $2,163,100 $2,217,100 +$54,000
EPA supports other Federal agencies in ensuring that their activities
produce a minimum water pollution effect and do not viol ate applicable
standards. Executive Order 11507 requires that all installations
owned or leased by the Federal Government comply with established Federal,
State, and local air and water pollution control standards. In addition,
Executive Order 11514 required the Federal agencies to prepare environmental
impact statements on proposed actions. The statements are submitted to
EPA for review and comment.
The EPA program includes development of guidelines relating to the
control of water pollution from Federal facilities; consultation and
technical assistance to Federal agencies in development and implementation
of their water pollution control programs; maintenance of an inventory
of wastewater treatment and disposal systems at Federal facilities; review
of agencies' draft and final environmental impact statements to determine
the impact of proposed Federal projects or federally funded or licensed
actions on the water environment; and assistance to the agencies in
improving the environmental protection measures associated with such actions,
AC-27
-------
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Provided consultation and technical assistance to Federal agencies
on a variety of water pollution control and abatement problems.
4
- Reviewed approximately 1,600 environmental impact statements and
provided comments to the Federal agencies.
1974 Objectives
- Assist States in developing comprehensive State pollution control
plans for control of pollution emanating from nonpoint sources.
- Assist States in improving their monitoring and surveillance
systems.
- Maintain a program of field investigations in the Great Lakes.
1973 1974 Change
Standards, regulations and
guidelines.,... $937,800 $957,400 +$19,600
EPA is responsible for revisions to intrastate and interstate
water qualuty standards. Standards establish the uses of water bodies,
water quality criteria needed to protect these uses, and implementation
plans detailing pollution control measures necessary to achieve these
criteria. In 1974, EPA is authorized to promulgate water quality
standards for any State whose standards were not approved in 1973 and
to update all approved standards to include new information on toxic
substances.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Specified the changes in interstate and intrastate standards
required to meet the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972.
AC-28
-------
- Initiated revision of water quality standards for all States.
1974 Objectives
- Continue revision of interstate and intrastate water quality
standards.
AC-29
-------
J.I
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Academic Training
Justification
1973 197£ Change
Academic training $5,826,800 $3,340,600 -$2,486,200
In order to help meet professional manpower needs in water pollution
control, EPA awards grants to universities and individuals to support
both undergraduate and graduate training in water pollution control. The
gap between supply and demand for water pollution control environmentalists
has closed considerably over the past few years. Increased concern for
the environment among students has raised enrollments in water pollution
control courses. In 1974, the EPA support for academic training will
shift from a trainees hips/fellowships program to a scholarship program at
the bachelors/masters level.
Purpose of Decrease
A decrease in 1974 funding requirements which will result from
the reorientation of the program. The shifting of training from
traineeships and fellowships to scholarships will allow nearly the same
number of students to receive Federal funds, in 1974 as in 1973 at a much
reduced total cost. Also, fellowships which were aimed at doctoral and
post doctoral studies are no longer necessary to support the development
of water pollution control courses and will be eliminated.
Si gni f i cant 1973 Accompl i shments^
- Grant funds supported 970 traineeships (grants for masters degree
work) and 42 fellowships (grants for doctoral and post doctoral
studies).
AC-30
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Areawide Waste Treatment Management Grants
(Section 208)
Justification
1973 1974_ Change
Budget authority......... ... $4,000,000 +$4,000,000
Contract authority... $50,000,000 96,000,0.00 +46,000.000
Total 50,000,000 100,000,000 +50,000,000
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 authorizes
State Governors to designate waste treatment management agencies for areas
of severe urban-industrial water pollution. These agencies will develop
comprehensive plans which assess all actions needed to meet water quality
standards and effluent limitations. Priorities for construction of
municipal treatment plants, industrial compliance with effluent guidelines,
and control of nonpoint sources of pollution are to be addressed in these
plans. Section 208 waste treatment management agencies will be responsible
for all phases of plan implementation.
The 1972 Amendments authorize EPA to provide full funding of Section
208 waste management agencies. The, Amendments authorize contract authority
for this purpose.
Purpose of Increase
To cover estimated 1974 payments against contractual obligations to
Section 208 waste treatment management agencies. Under the contract
authority provision of Section 208 of the 1972 Amendments, EPA is authorized
to incur contract obligations for grant assistance to waste treatment
management agencies. EPA estimates the payments that will be made each
year against these obligations and seeks appropriations to cover these
payments. In 1973, EPA does not anticipate any grants. During 1974, EPA
anticipates initiating waste treatment management grants to a limited
number of agencies in major metropolitan areas. It is estimated that
$25 million in contracted obligations will be incurred under these grants
and that payments totaling $4 million will be required against these
obligations. Accordingly, $4 million in appropriated funds are requested
for this activity.
1974 Objectives
- Initiate waste treatment management'grants in a limited number of
major metropolitan areas.
AC-31
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Control Agency Support
Justiication
1973 1974 Change
Control agency support.,. $20,587,800 $40,000,000 +$19,412,200
Control agency support funds provide Federal financial assistance to
State and interstate water pollution control agencies. These grants are
to assist these agencies in the operation of effective pollution control
and enforcement programs for the prevention, reduction, and elimination
of water pollution.
Pu rpose of In crease
To assist State and interstate agencies in carrying out increased
responsibilities prescribed by the recently enacted water legislation.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 require
increased participation by State and interstate pollution control agencies
in wastewater control. These agencies will have to expand their
existing programs to administer a larger grants program for construction
of sewage treatment plants and to carry out new responsibilities in meeting
the goals of the Act. These goals require all point sources, including
municipalities, to provide secondary treatment of their effluent or to
achieve water quality standards, whichever is more stringent, by
1977/1978.
In the construction grants area, States will be asked to assume
primary responsibility for the review of plans and specifications for
treatment plants, showing evidence that cost effectiveness, infiltration
inflow, and user charge criteria have been met. It is also expected that
20 to 30 States will assume full responsibility for issuing discharge
permits to both municipal and industrial dischargers. States will also
be expanding enforcement efforts against permit violators to ensure
compliance with permit conditions.
In the planning area, States will have full responsibility for the
development of Section 303(e) plans for 267 river basins in the country.
Fifty-five of these are expected to involve detailed monitoring surveys to
determine what levels of effluent control are needed to meet water quality
standards. In ten river basins, nonpoint source pollution will be
analyzed to determine its contribution to the total pollution problem.
AC-32
-------
In 1974, States are expected to contribute $65 million to water
pollution control efforts. This effort, combined with EPA's increased
contribution to State and interstate water pollution control programs,
represents an increase of some 35 percent over the 1973 level.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Awarded grants to 55 State agencies and six interstate agencies
to enable them to carry out effective water pollution control
programs including:
- the development of Section 201 facility management plans for
construction grants;
- the maintenance of monitoring stations; and
- the operation and maintenance inspection of treatment plants.
1974 Objectives
- The 1974 objectives for State and interstate water pollution control
agencies utilizing control agency support funds are as follows:
- to process 2,500 project applications for construction grants.
- to issue 23,000 municipal, 23,000 industrial, and 10,000
agricultural discharge permits by December 1974.
- to develop Section 303(e) plans for all 267 river basins by December
1974.
- to determine the contribution of nonpoint source pollution in
10 river basins.
AC-33
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Municipal Source Control
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Municipal source control..... $11,343,300 $14,771,400 +$3,428,100
The principal element of this activity is the administration of the
construction grants program. This involves the review and processing of
applications, the review of plans and specifications, the inspection of
projects during and after construction, the conduct of inspections
to assess the operation and maintenance of completed projects and the
administration of EPA's regulations pertaining to construction grants.
These activities are carried out jointly with the States.
Another element is the initiation and conduct of a municipal waste
permit program pursuant to new provisions of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972. This involves the promulgations of
regulations covering user charges, pretreatment requirements for industrial
wastes discharged into municipal systems, and waste treatment requirements*
It further involves the review of permit applications and the issuance of
permits. This activity is also shared with the States.
Finally, this activity encompasses the training of waste treatment
plant operators, technicians and managers, and the training of other State
and local personnel engaged in water pollution control. Under this element,
EPA administers several operator training programs funded by the Departments
of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare under the Manpower Development
Training Act. EPA also funds some operator training activities including the
support of an undergraduate training program.
Purpose of Increase
To establish and staff a municipal waste permit program pursuant to
requirements of the 1972 Amendments, to augment the staffing of the
construction grants program, to handle the increased volumnsof work that
will derive from the significant increase in construction grants funding,
and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
S|gni fi cant 1973 Accompli s hments
- Developed and proposed regulations covering user charges, capital cost
recovery, pretreatment of industrial waste» secondary treatment standards,
and award procedures as required by the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972.
- Completed the award of $2 billion in construction"grants from 1972 funds.
AC-34
-------
- Provided training for some 9,800 sewage treatment plant operators,
managers, and technicians.
- Supported the training of 60 undergraduates for entry into waste
treatment plant operation.
- Administered MDTA-funded programs for the training for an
T, additional 5,500 waste treatment plant operators.
M
1974 Objectives
- Promulgate regulations for user charges, capital cost recovery,
pretreatment of industrial wastes, and secondary treatment
standards.
- Award grants for approximately 2,500 construction projects.
- Review and issue municipal waste permits for approximately 20
States which will not have been delegated State permit program
responsibilities.
- Monitor the adequacy of State permit programs for the 20-30 States
which accept the full permitting responsibilities.
- Provide training for some 9,800 sewage treatment facility operators,
managers, and technicians.
AC-35
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Industrial Source Control
Justifi cation
]1 1973 1974 Change
n Industrial source control.. $3,200,400 $7,359,500 +4,159,100
\1
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, permits
issued by EPA under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
"; will be based on industrial wastewater effluent limitation guidelines and
standards which reflect the best practicable and best available control
technology. EPA has categorized each industry in terms of raw material
usage, product produced, manufacturing process employed, and other factors.
Raw waste characteristics are identified for each industrial category.
These characteristics are based upon waste and water material balance by
source; flow and volume of water and wastewater used and produced; and
the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics including toxic
' constituents, and other constituents causing taste, odor, and color
effects. Control and treatment technologies are identified, documented,
and verified within each industrial category. These cover in-plant
control techniques; all existing and potential treatment and control
technologies, including in-plant and end of process technologies;
availability of recycling and recovery techniques, including elimination
of discharge; limitations, reliability, and required implementation time
of each treatment technology; effects of application of each treatment
technology upon other pollution problems; resulting solid wastes and
solid waste control technologies; and intake structure technology. Cost
'., • information for each treatment technology is identified. These include
investment, annual (i.e. capital), depreciation, operating and maintenance
costs, as well as energy and power costs. Data are evaluated to determine
the best practicable and currently available control technology; the
most economically feasible and available technology; and the best
available demonstrated control technology. Once these have been determined,
then the applicable effluent limitation guideline and/or standard is
set for the industry.
PurposeofIncrease
A comparative transfer from Research and Development, Water. During
; « 1973 and prior years,, the development of effluent guidelines was wholly
i or partially carried as a research and development activity. With
the recent organizational assignment of this activity to the Office of
t Air and Water Programs, it is deemed appropriate to carry this as an
Abatement and Control activity.
AC-36
-------
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Initiated industry studies for the development of effluent
limitation guidelines and standards pursuant to requirements of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
1974 Objectives
- Complete 36 industry studies for the development of effluent limitation
guidelines and standards.
- Promulgate guidelines and standards of 36 industrial categories.
- Undertake an additional 18 industrial studies.
AC-37
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Nonpoint Source Control
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Nonpoint source control $729,000 $1,636,400 +$907,400
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, EPA
has the responsibility to develop information and guidelines for controlling
pollution from nonpoint sources which include agriculture, silvaculture,
mining, construction activities, wells and subsurface disposal, salt
water intrusion, and changes in water movements caused by dredging and
channeling.
Knowledge on the formation, extent, and effects of nonpoint source
pollution is limited and must be developed. The pervasive dispersed
nature of nonpoint source pollution does not lend itself to the conventional
application of "hard" technology such as wastewater treatment plants.
Therefore, the efforts directed at control of nonpoint source pollution
will be through combinations of "hard" treatment, "soft" management
techniques (i.e., contour farming, construction site terracing, abolition
or strict control of clear-cutting in forest, etc.); and through
legislative initiatives which promote proper land use.
Purpose of Increase
To initiate and develop a coordinated Federal/State program for
controlling and abating nonpoint source water pollution. This will involve
developing profiles of individual nonpoint source problems, enabling
EPA to make its first assessment of the Nation's total nonpoint source
problem. Where adequate information exists, States will begin to develop
control strategies. EPA will coordinate and assist in this effort. This
will be augmented by the establishment of State and local nonpoint source
pollution control programs focused on the achievement of 1983 ambient
goals prescribed in the 1972 Amendments.
Signigi cant 1973 Accpmpli shments
- Prepared a report, from available data, on the nature and extent
of nonpoint source pollution.
1974 Objectives
- Develop information including guidelines for identifying and
evaluating nonpoint sources of pollution.
AC-38
-------
Develop information on processes, procedures, and methods for
controlling pollution resulting from nonpoint sources.
Initiate four demonstration projects which will test the feasibility
of utilizing existing Federal, State, and local laws to control
nonpoint sources of pollution emanating from silvacuture, mining,
agriculture, and subsurface injection of pollutants into groundwaters,
AC-39
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Ocean Disposal and Spill Prevention
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Ocean disposal and spill
prevention................. $1,911,500 $4,961,600 +$3,050,100
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
EPA is responsible for establishing or revising regulations, standards,
and guidelines for protection of the water environment. Among these are
oil and hazardous material spill regulations, toxic standards, and ocean
dumping regulations and criteria.
To provide efficient, coordinated, and effective actions that will
minimize damage from oil and hazardous substances discharges and insure
their containment, dispersal, and removal, a National Contingency Plan
has been developed. This plan delineates the responsibilities of the
various Federal, State, and local agencies, provides for equipment and
supplies, and establishes the National Emergency Response Team which
is trained, prepared, and available to provide the necessary services
to carry out the plan.
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
and the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, EPA
will promulgate regulations which prohibit and/or permit the disposal
of materials into marine waters. There are some 1,000 potential major
dumpers who will discharge 62 million tons per year of sewage sludge,
dredge spoils, industrial waste, and other materials into 150 ocean
dump sites along the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the development of criteria and for the scientific
and technical review of ocean disposal permit applications. The increase
also provides for intensified efforts related to oil and hazardous material
spill response and prevention and for the increased salary costs of the
1973 pay raise.
AC-40
-------
.'V
Si gn ificant 1973 Accgmpli shments
- Revised the existing National Contingency Plan for oil and
hazardous substances to include requirements of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
- Developed and proposed regulations for ocean disposal permits.
- Developed and proposed oil spill and discharge prevention
regulations.
1974 Objectives
- Promulgate a regulation which prescribes those quantities of
any oil or hazardous substance which will be harmful to public
health or welfare.
- Modify 10 Regional Contingency Plans to reflect the most recent
revision of the National Contingency Plan, and develop subregional.
State, or basin Contingency Plans.
- Designate ocean dumping sites and develop regulations governing
permissible ocean dumping.
- Promulgate regulations designating hazardous substances which,
when discharged in any quantity, presents an imminent and
substantial danger to health and welfare; determine the
removability of such substances; and establish a system of
penalty fees.
AC-41
-------
Water Supply
SECTION TAB
-------
5, ' Abatement and Control
^ Water Supply
f^ 1
1}
Purpose
7 —
&'
I1 The purpose of the water supply program is to promote safe
drinking water supply systems for the Nation. The program
establishes drinking water standards and certifies water supply
systems used by interstate carriers, pursuant to the Public Health
Service Act and the Interstate Quarantine Regulations. It also aids,
through technical assistance and training activities, the improvement
of State and local water supply programs and water supply systems.
Increase or
1973 1974 Decrease
Budget Authority
Technical Assistance $2.014.500 $2,052.100 +$37,600
Total
End-of-Year Employment
Technical Assistance
2,014,500
91
2,052,100
91
+$37,600
• • t
Total.. 91 . 91
Man-Years. Total 88 88
AC-42
-------
\ ;
IS
Sumrnary of Increases and Decreases
1973 J971 Change
Technical Assistance $2,014,500 $2.052,100 +$37.600
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
AC-43
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Supply
.Technical Assistance
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Technical assistance $2,014,500 $2,052,100 +$37,600
The water supply program involves four primary activities: (1) annual
certification of all drinking water supply systems serving interstate
carriers, such as airplanes, trains, buses, and vessels; (2) development
and maintenance of a comprehensive inventory of public water supply systems;
(3) technical assistance and training to improve water supply systems and
programs, including special studies and comprehensive State program
evaluations; and (4) development of drinking water standards and implementation
of their use to assure the maximum feasible protection of the public health.
The development of drinking water standards and the certification of
interstate carrier water supply systems are legislatively mandated functions.
A comprehensive inventory of public water supply systems is an essential
element in the development and implementation of effective Federal, State,
and local water supply programs. Technical assistance and training are
vital means to implement the full application of water supply technology to
promote safe and adequate drinking water supply systems.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 AccomplI'shments
- Certified 600 interstate carrier water supply systems.
- Initiated the inventory of some 40,000 public water supply systems.
- Completed the comprehensive evaluation of four State water supply
programs.
- Essentially completed the revision of the 1952 Drinking Water
Standards.
AC-44
-------
1974 Objectives
- Certify 650 interstate carrier water supply systems.
- Essentially complete the inventory of 40,000 public water supply
sys tems.
- Complete the comprehensive evaluation of six State water supply
programs.
- Complete the revision of the Drinking Water Standards and develop
guidelines for implementing their use.
AC-45
-------
Solid Wastes
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Solid Wastes
Purpose
The solid waste abatement and control program has focused on the
improvement of environmental quality by (1) eliminating health, ecological,
and aesthetic damages from offensive disposal of wastes (primarily of non-
hazardous wastes)*, (2) reducing cost and inconvenience to individuals from
the inefficient, often irrational delivery of waste collection services;
and (3) addressing conservation of resources through studies of alternative
Federal policies to increase conservation. Technical assistance efforts,
planning grants, and training were focused in 1973 to implement adequately
developed, environmentally sound technology and to create the changes at
the local level to improve productivity and provide sound financial
support for waste management. Efforts were also devoted to developing so)id
waste management guidelines for municipal-type incinerators and sanitary
landfills, pursuant to Section 211 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act.
Under Section 211, Federal agencies must use these guidelines in dealing
with solid wastes generated by Federal facilities and activities.
Over the past two years the Agency and its solid waste program have
taken a very hard look at the critical environmental problems in solid
waste and carefully assessed the proper role for the Federal Government in
overcoming these problems. The proposed budget for 1974, which reflects
the outcome of these deliberations, will allow the Federal Government to
attack critical remaining problems.
The assessment also included the degree to which the objectives,
stated above, in solid waste management had been met, and the adequacy of
existing knowledge and technology to impact on solid waste problems at
the, local level. These assessments have resulted in a reorientation of
the solid waste program toward the more pressing task of bringing Federal
leadership into the proper management, disposal, and control of toxic hazardous
solid wastes and toward encouraging localities, on their own, to use the
very considerable tools which have been developed to upgrade the environment
and efficiency aspects of their solid waste management systems. This
leadership position will also include emphasis on dealing with solid waste
problems caused by Federal management of facilities and activities and on
further analysis of pressing resource recovery and resource conservation
issues.
AC-46
-------
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Au t h o r i ty
Technical Assistance $9,472,300 $3,560,000 -$5,912,300
Academic Training Grants 220,000 ... -220,000
Planning 3,250,000 ... -3.250.000
Total.. 12,942,300 3,560,000 -9,382,300
End-of-Year Employment
Technical Assistance.... 216 100 -116
Academic Training Grants
Planning..... i^__ ^_^__ ^ A..
Total 216 100 -116
Han-Years, Total 209 97 -112
AC-47
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Technical Assistance $9.472.300 $3,560.000 -$.5,912,300
A decrease to implement the redirection of the solid waste
program from problems of municipal solid waste management to
dealing with toxic and hazardous solid wastes, reflecting the
judgment that localities now have the ability to make needed
improvements in municipal solid waste management on their own.
Academic Training Grants 220.000 ... -220,000
A decrease reflecting termination of new training grant awards.
Planning 3,250,000 -3,250,000
A decrease reflecting termination of new planning grant awards.
AC-48
-------
Abatement and Control
Solid Wastes
Technical Assistance
Justification^
1973 1974 Change
Technical assistance. $9,472,300 $3,560,000 -$5,912,300
Technical assistance is provided to other Federal agencies, States,
and localities with the objective of improving environmental performance
while significantly lowering total solid waste management costs. Technical
assistance includes extensive efforts in providing technical information,
operationally-oriented training, and technical studies covering various
aspects of solid waste management. EPA will issue solid waste management
guidelines which Federal agencies must meet, and will review all Federal
agencies' environmental impact statements to assess the solid waste impact.
Purpose of Decrease^
In EPA's estimation, the technical assistance program has been particularly
successful in helping selected localities upgrade the environmental and
efficiency aspects of their municipal solid waste systems and in developing
basic tools which could be used by other municipalities to achieve the same
result. The reduction in technical assistance reflects (1) documentation
of the successful application of solid waste-management technology to selected
locales which can be drawn on by other communities; (2) the assessment of
the proper role of the Federal Government in solid wastes; and (3) the
redirection of program priorities toward dealing with hazardous wastes.
Si gnifjjcant 1973 Accompl ishments
- Provided technical assistance to 20 localities with the objective of
improving environmental performance while significantly lowering
systems costs. The results of this effort included: saving of
$6 million over a two-year period for Cleveland, Ohio; savings of 10
percent for Portland, Oregon, while expanding service area and
doubling collection frequency; and collection costs reduced by 50
percent for River Rouge and Huritington Woods, Michigan.
- Developed substantial understanding of the determinants of productivity
of solid waste management systems and of the steps necessary to improve
such productivity.
- Closed an estimated 2,300 open dumps under the Mission 5000 Program.
- Completed draft guidelines for sanitary landfill and municipal
incinerator operations to be used by Federal agencies under Section 211
of the Solid Waste Disposal Act.
AC-49
-------
1974 Objectives
- Continue to provide technical assistance to localities but on a
less extensive scale.
~ Significantly expand efforts to develop and encourage the adequate
disposal of hazardous and toxic solid wastes.
- Inventory and assess solid waste management problems at Federal
facilities and on Federal lands.
AC-50
-------
Abatement and Control
Solid Wastes
Academic Training Grants
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Academic training grants.. $220,000 ... -$220,000
EPA has supported academic training of solid waste personnel through
graduate training grants to selected universities. The purpose of this
program was to provide a source of qualified solid waste professionals which
Federal, State, and local levels of government could draw upon to staff
their solid waste management systems.
While an examination of the academic training program has shown it
to be generally effective in producing graduates in the solid waste
management field, EPA believes that such a program is not necessary at
this time, since there is no supply-demand gap at the State or local
levels which would be substantially influenced by generation of more
university-level solid waste management specialists. As documented in
a recent Report to the Congress, EPA finds no substantial unfilled demand
for such specialities and no substantial technological gaps in solid waste
management which would be alleviated by additional specially trained
manpower.
Purpose^ of Decrease
The termination of this program reflects the above considerations as
well as the determination to redirect solid waste priorities to dealing
with hazardous wastes.
S i g n if icant 1973 Accomp1i shments
- Supported master's level university training grant programs at nine
universities.
AC-51
-------
Abatement and Control
Solid Wastes
Planning
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Planning .......... ..... $3,250,000 •... -$3,250,000
Planning grants have been awarded to State, local, regional, and
interstate agencies. The objective of State planning grants have
been to assess problems and State actions to eliminate those problems
and to build State expertise in solid waste management. The objective
of local/regional planning grants has been to hasten environmental
improvement at the local level.
With completion of virtually all the basic State plans, EPA feels
that its major planning objective has been achieved. In addition, while
planning grants have been valuable contributors to building State solid
waste programs, planning support too often has not resulted, at either
the State or the local level, in implementation of activities which
result in environmental improvement. Too often States continue marginal
planning efforts and fail to implement action; e.g., rules and regulations
for local communities, which can affect environmental performance.
While local planning is needed, EPA has found subsidized local -regional
planning has been more sucessful than formal planning which received
no subsidy. In fact, informal planning initiated at the local level
to meet an established need, appears to have been more effective and
less costly than required and/or subsidized planning at the State or
Federal level .
Purpose of Decrease
EPA has reexamined, in the light of the substantial progress made
at the local level, the continued need for and the efficiency of solid
waste planning and other similar planning efforts required or subsidized
by the Federal Government or by several States. As a result, EPA
has concluded that continued formalized planning subsidized at the
Federal level, will not hasten or improve environmental change. The
termination of the planning grants program reflects this assessment.
The termination of local/regional planning grant funding will not
affect on-going projects which are performing satisfactorily. They
have been fully funded for the duration of their project period, even
though this may extend into 1974. Most of the States receiving planning
grant funds are supported through 1974.
AC-52
-------
Si gni fi cant1973 Accompli shments
• ' '
- Since State planning grants were initiated in 1966, all but one
State and all trust territories have received funds to complete
solid waste plans. To date, one plan has been substantially
adopted and implemented.
- 40 States will have completed basic State plans.
- Since local/regional planning grants were intitiated in 1971,
40 grants have been awarded.
AC-53
-------
Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Pesticides
purpose
EPA's pesticides abatement and control program is predominantly
directed toward regulation of pesticides through registration of
pesticide products under authority of the Federal Environmental Pesticide
Control Act and setting of pesticide residue tolerances under authority
of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These activities are closely
supported by EPA's pesticide research and enforcement programs, both
of which are discussed in other sections.
Other key elements of the program are the monitoring and surveillance
of environmental levels of pesticides, studies of effects of pesticides
on human health, and analyses of samples of marketed pesticide products.
These activities provide much of the information needed to effectively
carry out the registration and tolerance petition programs.
Finally, the program includes the investigation of pesticide
accidents; the provision of technical assistance and information to
State and local regulatory and health agencies and other Federal agencies;
and provision of assistance to improve the knowledge and technical
capabilities of Federal, State, and local personnel involved in pesticide
activities.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
BudgetAuthority
Registrations and Tolerances. $5,685,200 $7,001,700 +$1,316,500
Monitoring..... 4,839,000 4,999,800 +160,800
Technical Assistance 3.588.000 5.223.000 +1.635,000
Total...., 14,112,200 17,224,500 3,112,300
End-of-Year Employment ;
Registrations and Tolerances. 287 337 +50
Monitoring...., 81 86 +5
Technical Assistance— 93 168 +75
Total 461 591 +130
Man-Years, Total 447 525 +78
AC-54
-------
Summary of Increases andDecreases
1973 1974 Change
Registrations and Tolerances $5,685,200 $7,001,700 +$1.316.500
To support registration and classification of all new applications,
prepare for the registration of intrastate products and to carry
out the other new responsibilities imposed by the new Federal
Environmental Pesticide Control Act; and to provide for the
increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Monitoring 4.839.000 4.999.800 +160.800
To initiate development of the National Pesticide Monitoring Plan
as required by the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act; to
assume funding of the estuarine monitoring program; and to provide for
the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Technical Assistance 3.588,000 5.223.000 +1,635.000
To provide increased assistance to States to enable the training
of pesticide applicators, the development of State programs for
certifying applicators and the strengthening of accident reporting
and investigation programs; and to provide for the increased
salary costs of the 1973 pay raise as well as the full-year
employment costs of new positions filled in 1973.
AC-55
-------
Abatement and Control
Pesticides
Registration and Tolerances
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Registrations and tolerances $5,685,200 $7,001,700 +$1,316,500
The Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972 modified
and expanded the activities required of EPA's pesticide registrations
and tolerances program under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act. Since 1947, EPA and its predecessor agencies have
been regulating interstate pesticide products by registering them for
specific uses and assuring that their labels contain adequate directions
for use and safety precautions to protect human health and the environment.
The new Act adds the registration of intrastate products and requires
classification of products for "general" or "restricted" use, if such
restriction is necessary to adequately safeguard health or the
environment. The new Act also provides for the issuance of experimental
use permits and requires significant changes in EPA's internal procedures
for review and processing of registrations. Activities required in
support of this effort include development of registration and
classification standards and test protocols; development of improved
methods for detecting pesticide chemicals and their residues; expanded
testing of products for safety and efficacy, scientific review of
previously registered products to determine if their registrations should
be continued, cancelled, or suspended; support of appeals procedures; and
maintenance of a data system to provide information on registered
products and their uses.
Purpose of Increase
The increase is to enable EPA to handle new applications and the
reregistrati on and classification of presently registered interstate
products and to prepare for the registration of intrastate products. With
this increase, EPA will maintain an acceptable overall elapsed time for
registration applications and tolerance actions and will develop operating
efficiencies to enable expeditious handling of the new requirements of
the Act. The increase also includes funds to provide for the increased
salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
AC-56
-------
Signi fi cant 1973 Accomplishments
- Processed 30,000 to 35,000 application actions for pesticide
registration and some 340 actions for new, amended, and supplemental
tolerances.
- Reduced the number of over-90-day registration actions from 240
at the beginning of the year to none by the end of the year.
- Reduced the number of over-90-day tolerance petition actions
from 40 at the beginning of the year to none by the end of
the year.
1974 Objectives
- Maintain a working level of 1,500 registration actions and
tolerance actions in process at any one time during the year.
- Process all registration and tolerance actions within 90 days.
- Develop and publish new regulations on registration and classification
of pesticides, standards for certification of applications, permits
for experimental use, registration of establishments and indemnities.
AC-57
-------
Abatement and Control
Pesticides
Monitoring
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Monitoring $4,839,000 $4,999,800 +$160,800
Pesticides and their residues in the environment are monitored to
provide essential feedback Information for the registration and tolerance
program, to show changes in environmental concentrations of pesticides,
and to provide specific data for risk/benefit assessments. The results of
these efforts contribute to improved registration and tolerance standards,
the development of better and safer label directions, and support of
enforcement actions. Among the monitoring efforts being carried out are
sampling and analysis of the soil and aquatic environments for pesticide
residues, long range epidemiological studies, and the analysis of marketed
pesticide products collected by the pesticide enforcement program. The
effectiveness and efficiency of these efforts will be improved by the
development of a National Pesticide Monitoring Plan as required by the
Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act.
Purpose of Increase
To initiate development of the national monitoring plan, including
coordination with appropriate agencies needed to perform components of
the plan, and to assume funding of estuarine monitoring contracts
previously funded by NOAA so as to assure continued monitoring of shellfish,
silt, water, and plankton from 200 major estuaries. The increase also
provides for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Collected and analyzed soil samples from 41 states and five urban
areas for pesticides and heavy metals.
- Collected and analyzed 800 samples from 200 major estuaries.
- Supported monitoring of human tissue samples from 75 urban areas.
- Supported epidemiological studies in 13 states.
- Analyzed 6,000 samples of marketed pesticides for chemical content
and conformity to label statements.
AC-58
-------
1974 Objectives
- Develop a national pesticides monitoring plan.
- Collect and analyze 2,300 soil samples from 41 states and five
urban areas.
- Collect and analyze samples from 200 major estuaries.
- Continue support and update annual data assessments of the human
health effects that result from long periods of low level exposure
to pesticides.
- Analyze 6,000 marketed pesticide samples.
- Develop surveillance procedures for experimental use permits.
AC-59
-------
Abatement and Control
Pesticides
Technical Assistance
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Technical assistance.... $3,588,000 $5,223,000 +$1,635,000
This program is directed toward providing assistance to the States
as well as other Federal agencies to enable them to develop and maintain
adequate programs. Under the new Act, the principal areas of assistance
to the States will be assistance in developing certification plans for
certifying pesticide applicators, assistance in training applicators,
assistance in developing effective programs for reporting and investigating
accidents, for controlling the storage and disposal of excess stocks of
pesticides, and for monitoring experimental use permits. The program
also has and will continue providing assistance in the training of
farm workers in the safe handling and use of toxic replacements for DDT.
Purpose of Increase
To provide increased assistance to the States to enable the training
of pesticide applicators, the development of State programs for
certifying applicators, the strengthening of accident reporting and
investigation programs, and the conduct of other State activities. The
increase alo provides for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay
raise and the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in
1973.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Conducted Project Safeguard in 14 States, in coordination with
the Department of Agriculture, to train and inform pesticide users
in safe handling of toxic replacements for DDT.
- Initiated design of an accident data reporting system and initiated
a coordinated EPA-State pesticide accident reporting and investigation
program.
- Initated survey of State applicator training and certification
capabilities, facilities, and needs.
- Completed State-by-State profiles of organizations, programs,
problems, and needs.
AC-60
-------
1974 Objectives
- Complete the assessments of State profiles of capabilities and
needs.
- Complete State survey of applicator training and certification needs
and cosponsor training projects to upgrade State officials in
the larger State role under the new Act.
- Publish regulations for certification of applicators.
- Initiate financial assistance for training of certified applicators.
- Complete microfilming of registration records to provide improved
accessibility and retrievability of manufacturer and product data.
- Continue development of the accident reporting and investigation
system.
- Continue to assist States in training and informing farm pesticide
users in the safe handling and use of replacements for DOT.
AC-61
-------
Radiation
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
Purpose
The radiation program's abatement and control activities have as
their main focus EPA's responsibilities for setting the basic policies
which provide the basis for all Federal radiation protection programs
and for setting specific standards for radiation levels in the general
environment. Other components of the program contribute to the
standards and guidelines effort, or to the improvement of State, local,
or other Federal radiation control programs. These include monitoring
to determine levels of environmental radiation; provision of technical
assistance to other governmental agencies; the conduct of reviews of
federally supported or licensed projects which are a source of
environmental radiation and related engineering studies; as well as
the support of training programs.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authori ty
Standards and Guidelines $792,900 $813,900 +$21,000
Monitoring 1,579,600 1,597,000 +17,400
Technical Assistance 1,992,600 2,156,800 +164,200
Academic Training Grants 483.OOP 83.000 -400,000
Total 4,848,100' 4,650,700 -197,400
End-of-Year Employment
Standards and Guidelines 29 29
Monitoring , *.. 66 66
Technical Assistance 96 96
Academic Trai ning Grants ._._. ._.. ._._._
Total 191 191
Man-Years, Total 185 185
AC-62
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Standards and Guidelines $792.900 $813.900 +$21,000
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Monitoring 1.579.600 1,597.000 +17,400
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Technical Assistance 1,992,600 2,156,800 +164,200
To support additional contractual studies related to the
environmental impact of components of the nuclear fuel cycle,
and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay
raise.
Academic Training Grants 483,000 83,000 -400,000
Reduction made possible by shifting the funding of academic
training grants from a forward-funding basis to a current-year
basis.
AC-63,
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
Standards and Guidelines
Justif^atjon
1973 1974 Change
'
Standards and guidelines. $792,900 $813,900 +$21,000
EPA has two primary responsibilities associated with radiation protection
standards and guidance. The first of these involves the formulation of
basic Federal policies on radiation protection standards. The second
responsibility is to establish environmental protection standards within
these policies to limit radiation levels in the general environment for
classes of sources.
P u rpcisi_e of In ere a s e
To provide for salary costs associated with the 1973 pay raise.
Suyii fi cant 1973 Accomp 1 i shments
- Reviewed scientific bases for existing guidelines,
- Accumulated data on standards for light water cooled reactors and
fuel reprocessing plants.
1974 Objectives
- Complete investigation of costs, benefits, and risks for uranium
fuel cycle and issue standards for that cycle and associated fuel
reprocessing facilities.
- Develop basic data for environmental protection standards for
nuclear fuel fabrication plants.
- Increase efforts to develop data for future standards on long-lived
transuranic radionuclides such as plutonium.
.AC-64
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
Monitoring
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Monitoring........... $1,579,600 $1,597,000 +$17,400
The core of EPA's radiation monitoring activity is the National
Environmental Radiation Monitoring Program which involves State and local
as well as Federal effort. It is aimed at obtaining baseline data on
levels of existing environmental radiation; determining any changes
occurring in the radiological quality of the environment, the magnitude
of this change, and the nature and probable source of the contaminant;
providing data for estimating population exposure to ionizing and
nonionizing radiation; determining if environmental levels are within
established radiological guidelines and standards; assisting in evaluation
of the effectiveness of existing control programs; publishing environmental
radiological quality data from Federal, State, and utility monitoring
programs; establishing programs for analytical quality control services to
assure compatibility and reliability of the data from various participating
laboratories; and providing consultation and technical assistance on
monitoring activities to regional offices, States, and other Federal agencies
of Increase
To provide for increased salary costs associated with the 1973 pay
raise.
Si gn if i cant 1973 Accomp 1 i sjiments
- Established program for determination of compliance of nuclear power
industry with general environmental radiation guidelines.
- Established program to determine impact of nonionizing radiation on
man and the environment,
- Continued field investigations of uranium mill tailings problem in
nine western States.
- Operated existing radiation surveillance networks and collected and
published radiological data.
- Developed models for predicting environmental impact of radioactive
discharges from nuclear power facilities.
- Provided quality control services for Federal, State, and local agencies
AC-65
-------
- Assisted States in developing emergency response plans.
- Administered State contracts for monitoring environment around
nuclear facilities.
1974 Objectives
- Modify surveillance networks to better support environmental impact
evaluations and radiation standard setting.
- Conduct field studies of selected sources of high power nonionizing
electromagnetic radiation to support issuance of guidance to Federal
agencies on thermal effects of radio and microwave radiation.
- Evaluate environmental effects of nuclear power plant operation
on man.
- Continue development of pathway and dose model validation.
- Continue monthly publication of Radiation Data and Reports.
- Continue quality assurance and uranium mill tailings efforts.
AC-66
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
Technical Assistance
Justificatiori
1973 1974 Change
Technical assistance.... $1,992,600 $2,156,800 +$1643200
EPA provides radiation technical assistance in three primary areas:
environmental impact reviews; manpower planning and training; and
information and assistance to State and local governments. As a part of
its overall responsibilities for review of environmental impact statements
submitted by other Federal agencies, EPA conducts detailed evaluations of
proposals for the design, construction, and modification of radiation
producing facilities which are to be operated by Federal agencies or are
subject to Federal regulation. In order to provide the technical base
necessary to conduct these environmental assessments, EPA also conducts
a series of engineering studies aimed at providing a better understanding
of the design and operation of devices and systems for containment,
treatment, disposal of radioactive wastes. Manpower planning and training
is supported by EPA through a coordinated regional program de$igned to
offer short course training to persons already employed in radiation
control activities in State, local, and other Federal agencies. These
courses are conducted by EPA staff .and are-intended to improve the skills
and knowledge of trainees in specific subject areas. EPA also maintains
a small staff in each of its ten regional offices to provide continuing
liaison and assistance to State and local environmental radiation programs.
Purpose of Increase
To support contractual studies related to the environmental impact
of components of the nuclear fuel cycle and to provide for the increased
salary costs associated with the 1973 pay raise.
Si gn.i f i cant 1973 Accompl i shments
- Reviewed approximately 45 environmental impact statements related
to the nuclear power industry and approximately 30 statements covering
such diverse radiation producing activities as underground weapons
testing, aerospace applications, methods of shipment of nuclear
materials, and facilities and equipment for scientific research.
- Conducted engineering studies of two operating reactors and
environmental impact associated with liquid metal fast breeder
reactor.
AC-67
-------
- Organized regional training committees to assess needs involving
manpower planning in States.
- Supported two institutions providing technical training to 58
technicians.
- Provided technical information and assistance to State and local
governments, including promotion of State control programs and
development and testing of emergency plans.
1974 Objectives
- Continue review of environmental impact statements.
- Complete engineering study on boiling water reactor.
- Initiate study on potential Impact of accidents at nuclear fuel
reprocessing and fabrication facilities.
- Continue support of technician training program.
- Support workshops and seminars in support of manpower planning and
training needs identified by regional training committees.
- Increase regional technical assistance efforts in radiation control.
AC-68
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
Academic Training Grants
Justification
'"' -—.---- -
1973 1974 Change
' ' .. .
Academic training grants $483,000 $83,000 -$400,000
To assure availability of academic resources adequate to provide
professionally and technically trained personnel for staffing of State
and Federal radiation control programs, EPA makes grants to selected
academic institutions to support partial costs of faculty salaries and
equipment and, in some instances, tuition and stipends for selected
students.
Purpose ofDecrease
To realize a savings in Federal Government obligations by shifting
to a current year basis in grant funding from a forward funding policy.
Si gni ficant 1973 Accompl ishme_nts_
- Supported eight institutions offering graduate training for 56
prospective entry level radiation protection professionals.
- Provided tuition and stipend support for 35 students enrolled in
these programs.
1974 Objectives
- Continue to support seven institutions with about 49 enrolled
students.
- Reduce student support in accordance with EPA policy.
• AC-69
-------
- Distributed, upon request, 80,000 design manuals for use by
municipal waste water design engineers.
- Prepared design manuals for pulp/paper and iron/steel industries.
1974 Objectives
- Present ten regular design seminars for municipal and industrial
design engineers.
- Prepare design manuals on nitrogen control and the use of oxygen
aeration for municipal waste water treatment plants.
- Prepare industrial design manuals on the power and texitile industry
including subject matteron air monitoring.
AC-70
-------
Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Noise
Purpose
New authorities under the Noise Control Act of 1972 provide for a
strong Federal involvement in the abatement and control of noise
pollution. The new Act authorizes the establishment of noise emission
standards for products distributed in commerce, for railroads and
motor carriers, and for aircraft. Noise emission standards will reflect
\ the degree of noise reduction achievable through application of the
best available technology, taking into account the cost of compliance
and appropriate safety considerations.
4
I Technical assistance has been extended under the new Act to include,
; in addition to Federal agencies, assistance to State and local
^ governments to facilitate their development and enforcement of ambient
! noise standards. To this end, EPA disseminates information on the
•; effects of noise, acceptable noise levels, and techniques for noise
| measurement and control.
*'
t
Increase
1 1973 1974 or Decrease
i ~~ • ~ ' '
Budget Authority
, ' Standards and Guidelines $1,232,000 $2,305,000 +$1,073,000
| Technical Assistance.... 851,100 1,182,500 +331,400
i
j Total 2,083,100 3,487,500 +1,404,400
i
'} End-of-Year Employment
I Standards and GuideTTnes ... 14 +14
• Technical Assistance 12 17 +5
Total 12 31 +19
Man-Years, Total 11 24 +13
A'C-71
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
. • •"""" ""—
Standards and Guidelines $1,232,000 $2,305,000 +$1.073,000
To provide for the development of noise emission standards
required to implement the Noise Control Act of 1972.
Technical Assistance 851,100 1,182,500 +331.400
To provide technical assistance to State and local governments
to assist their development and enforcement of ambient noise
standards, and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973
pay raise.
AC-72
-------
Abatement and Control
Noise
Standards and Guidelines
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Standards and guidelines $1,232,000 $2,305,000 +$1,073,000
The Noise Control Act of 1972 requires EPA to promote an environment
free from noise that jeopardizes public health and welfare. The major
regulatory thrust of this legislation is the establishment of noise
emission standards for newly manufactured products, which are major
sources of noise, and for interstate carriers,
Purpose of Increase
The increase is necessary to provide for the development of noise
emission standards required to implement the Noise Control Act of 1972.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Began identification of noise criteria affecting public health
or welfare necessary for publication of criteria document,
- Prepared information on environmental noise required to protect
public health and welfare.
- Developed information for report to Congress on airport and
aircraft noise.
- Consulted with Federal Aviation Administration on the prescription
and amendment of standards for measurement of aircraft noise and
sonic boom.
1974 Objectives
- Issuance of noise criteria document and report identifying major
sources of noise and control techniques,
- Compile and publish information on methods of controlling
environmental noise.
•* Publish information on levels of noise necessary to protect the
public health and welfare.
AC-73
-------
- Promulgate regulation requiring certificates of compliance
with Federal noise standards for importation of foreign products
- Promulgate regulations to control and abate noise from surface
carriers engaged in interstate commerce.
- Complete a comprehensive study of aircraft and airport noise
and submit a report to Congress.
- Recommend aircraft noise regulations to the Federal Aviation
Administration.
- Implement labeling requirements of the Noise Control Act.
AC-74
-------
Abatement and Control
Noise
.Technical Assistance
Justification
1973. 1974 Change
Technical assistance ...... $851,100 $1,182,500 +$331,400
EPA provides technical information and assistance to State, local,
and other Federal agencies for the abatement and control of noise that
jeopardizes the public health or welfare. Assistance is provided in
the form of training and help in the selection and operation of
noise abatement and control equipment. Information is developed and
disseminated to State, local, and other Federal agencies on model
laws and ordinances, noise effects, and measurement and control
technology.
Purpose of Increase
The increase will permit EPA to establish a base for undertaking
a comprehensive State and local assistance effort to provide adequate
noise control legislation, codes and programs, and will provide for
the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay -raise.
S i gn 1 f i c ant_ j 973^ Ac : comp 1 i shme n ts
- Assisted in the development and enforcement of ambient noise
levels by advising State and local governments on training of
noise control personnel .
- Assisted State and local governments on the selection and operation
of noise measurement and control equipment.
- Developed information on State and local laws and ordinances.
- Disseminated information on noise effects, acceptable levels
of noise, and measurement and control techniques,
- Coordinated Federal noise abatement and control effort.
AC-75
-------
1974 Objectives
- Undertake a comprehensive State and local assistance effort to
provide adequate noise control legislation, code, and programs.
- Develop Federal interagency noise abatement and control
coordination mechanisms.
- Prepare and distribute guidelines to assist Federal agencies
to assess objectionable noise.
- Inventory noise control and abatement activities at Federal
installations.
- Establish a Low-Noise-Emission Product Advisory Committee to
assist in determining which products qualify for certification.
- Consult with other Federal agencies regarding noise emission
regulations on imports and development of improved methods and
standards for measurement and monitoring of noise.
- Review about 2,000 environmental impact statements to determine
whether the resulting noise levels adversely affect the
environment.
AC-76
-------
Program
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Program Management and Support
Purpose
This activity encompasses the overall management of and support
for the Abatement and Control programs described in the foregoing
sections. It also covers the staffing and funding of the Office of
Toxic Substances and the Division of Intergovernmental Activities of
the Office of Legislation.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authori ty
Program Management ,. $7,168,600 $10,541,000 +$3,372,400
Program Support 15,567,600 20,940,600 +5,373,000
Grant and Contract Review
Committees 2.000.000 ... -2,000,000
Total 24,736,200 31,481,600 +6,745,400
End-pf-Yeaj^ Employment
Program Management 266 254 -12
Program Support
Grant and Contract Review
Commi ttees :.^__. ._._. ._..
Total 266 254 -12
Man-Years. Total..... ... 258 246 -12
AC-7 7
-------
SummaryofIncreases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Program Management $7,168.600 $10,541,000 +$3.372.400
Air and water programs.,. 2,994,800 2,919,800 -75,000
A decrease in funding requirements made possible by a reduction
in staff during 1973.
Categorical programs 3,396,200 2,825,600 -570,600
A decrease resulting from the comparative transfer of the
managerial staff of the Office of Solid Waste Management to
Abatement and Control, Solid Wastes.
Toxic substances. 469,000 4,481,300 +4,012,300
To expand the staff of the Office of Toxic Substances, to
provide for additional toxic substances studies, and to
provide the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Intergovernmental
activities 308,600 314,300 +5,700
To meet the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Program Support 15,567,600 20,940,600 +5,373,000
To cover a prorated share of the Agency's increased funding requirements
for common support services—refer to the section on Agency and
Regional Management for a description of these requirements.
Grant and Contract Review
Committees 2,000,000 ._._. -2,000,000
A reduction for this purpose is achieved due to the Agency
requirement that such committees will be funded by the programs
concerned.
AC-78
-------
Abatement and Control
Program Management and Support
Program Management
Justification
1973 1974 . Change
Air and water programs.. $2,994,800 $2,919,800 -$75,000
This activity provides for overall management of the Office of
Air and Water Programs, including the development of program policies
and strategies, the overall planning of air and water activities,
the monitoring and review of program performance, including that
performed in the regions, and the direction of the program activities
performed in headquarters. To carry out these functions, this
activity provides for the following staffing of managerial personnel:
1973 1974
Offi ce of Ai r and Water Programs 45 45
Office of Water Programs Operations 8 8
Office of Water Planning and Standards 6 6
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.. 12 12
Office of Mobile Sources Air Pollution Control 12 12
Purpose, of Decrease
The 1974 funding requirements of this activity will be less than
those of 1973 because of reductions in the staffing of the above offices
during 1973 (these reductions are reflected in the above staffing
figures for both 1973 and 1974). The increased salary costs of the
1973 pay raise are offset by the reduced funding requirements.
Categorical programs.... $3,396,200 $2,825,600 -$570,600
This activity provides for overall management of the Office of
Categorical Programs, including the development of program policies
and strategies, the overall planning of categorical program activities,
the monitoring and review of program performance, including that
performed in the regions, and the direction of the program activities
performed at headquarters. To carry out these functions, this
activity provides for the following staffing of managerial personnel:
AC-79
-------
1973 1974
Office of Categori cal Programs ............ ... 23 23
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs 30
Offi ce of Pesti ci des Programs 64 64
Offi ce of Radi ati on Programs • • 25 25
Offi ce of Noi se Control Programs 3 6
Purpose, of Decrease
The managerial staff and funding requirements of the Office of
Solid Waste Management are included in the Abatement and Controls Solid
Waste resources described in a foregoing section. This comparative
transfer offsets the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise
and the increased costs for management of the Office of Noise Control
Program and further provides for the decreased funding requirements
indicated above. The increase in the managerial staff of the Office
of Noise Control Programs is to provide for the management and direction
of the expanded noise program required to implement the Noise Control
Act of 1972.
1973 1974 Change
Toxic substances $469,000 $4,481,300 +$4,012,300
All resources for EPA's Office of Toxic Substances are included
in this activity. The Office coordinates EPA's many activities related
to the research, investigation, and regulation of toxic substances—these
being administered by the Office of Research and Monitoring, the Office
of Air and Water Programs, and other components of the Agency, This
Office also conducts and supports contractual studies to perfect EPA's
knowledge about the types, quantities, and occurrences of toxic
substances in the environment; the origin and subsequent processes of
distribution and migration of these substances into the environment;
and other facets of toxic substances such as methods of testing and
control. These studies cover aspects of toxic substances that are
not covered by the toxic materials activities of the other components
of the Agency.
Purpose of Increase
To expand the staff of the Office of Toxic Substances from 26 to
41 and to provide for additional studies of the type described above
(during 1973, the contracted studies of the Office of Toxic Substances
were funded with $1,250,000 of 1972 carryover funds), Considerable
work needs to be accomplished to gain a comprehensive knowledge of the
vast array of toxic substances which now invade the environment and
which potentially may be causing serious but yet undetected health and
environmental effects. This increase also provides for the increased
costs of the 1973 pay raise.
AC-80
-------
1973 1974 Change
Intergovernmental activities.... $308,600 $314,300 +$5,700
This activity provides for the staffing and funding of the
Intergovernmental Relations Division of the Office of Legislation. This
Division provides the liaison between and coordination of EPA's programs
with State and interstate organizations. The Division has a staff of 12.
Purpose of I n c re a s e
To provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
AC-81
-------
Abatement and Control
Program Management and Support
Program Support
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Program support....... $15S567,600 $20,940,600 +$5S373S000
This element constitutes the prorated share of EPA's total
funding requirements for common support services. These funding
requirements cover certain agencywide and regional lease,
communication, and other common service costs which are managed
through a single headquarters and ten regional accounts. These
requirements are fully described in the section covering Agency and
Regional Management. The prorated share charged under this element
represents that portion required to support the programs funded and
conducted under the Abatement and Control appropriation account.
PurposepfIncrease
This increase, together with those under similar elements under the
Research and Development and Enforcement appropriation accounts, is
described under the section covering Agency and Regional Management.
AC-82
-------
Abatement and Control
Program Management and Support
Grant and Contract Review Committees
Grant and contract review
commi ttees.,
^stiflcation
1973
$2,000,000
1974
Change
-$2,000,000
In 1973, the House Appropriations Committee earmarked, by appropriation
language, $2,000,000 for Abatement and Control specifically to fund
advisory committees. The Committee indicated the job of cleaning up the
environment is so big and so important to the future of our country that
it is absolutely essential that we utilize such resources as we can in a
manner that will yield the greatest return. Therefore, they recommended
that advisory committees be utilized to review the priority of the Agency
and to advise the Administrator as to which contracts or grants will provide
the greatest return to the Agency in relation to those priorities.
As a result of this action, an exhaustive review was conducted of the
existing advisory committee structure, its possible use in complying with
the requirements of the Appropriation Act, and the existing and
new advisory committees in the Agency's complex grant and control program.
The review was difficult in view of the stringent requirements of the
Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972, effective January 5, 1973; however*
EPA now has various committees designated to fulfill these requirements.
Purpose of Decrease
The budget proposes the elimination of the specific earmarking of funds
in the appropriation language for this purpose. However, EPA will still
continue this committee review process in 1974 with funding to be
accommodated by the programs concerned, since the review also indicated
that the funds required were considerably less than that earmarked for 1973.
AC-83
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Purpose
Enforcement responsibilities are in the areas of air pollution
controls water pollution control, and pesticides control. Much of the
effort is in support of or in cooperation with State and local
enforcement programs, such as the enforcement of ambient air quality
and air stationary source standards; navigable and Interstate water
quality standards; and issuance of discharge permits. Some efforts,
however, are primarily Federal responsibilitiess such as the enforcement
of air mobile source standards and pesticides product registration.
Enforcement includes such actions as notices of violation, abatement
orders, enforcement conferences, civil and criminal court actions,
and in the case of pesticides, recalls and seizures. Included also
is the overall management and support of the enforcement programs.
Budget Authority
Air...
Water Quality.... ..
Pesticides........
Program Management and
Support
1972A/
$1,143,000
13,847,900
1,197,400
5.966,000
1973
$4,301,000
20,867,100
1,626,300
8,780,000
1974
$8,671,400
24,453,000
3,117,600
11.157.600
Total
Manpower Resources
End-of-Year Employment..
Man-Years»
22,154,300 35,574,400 47,399,600
1973 1974
15477
1,251
1,682
1,556
A J
a/ Provided for comparative purposes and represents resources approved
under the appropriation "Operations, Research, and Facilities" for
activities now carried under this appropriation.
E-l
-------
Air
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Air
Purpose
The air enforcement program is directed toward achieving compliance
with the standards and regulations established for stationary and mobile
sources of air pollution under the provisions of the Clean Air Act, as
amended. The stationary source enforcement program is being undertaken
in cooperation with the States and includes enforcement of State
implementation plans, New Source Performance Standards, and National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. The mobile source
enforcement program is primarily a Federal effort directed toward achieving
compliance with fuel and motor vehicle emission standards and regulations.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Stationary Source Enforcement $3,662,600 $7,451,400 +$3,788,800
Mobile Source Enforcement 638,400 1,220,000 +581,600
Total 4,301,000 8,671,400 +4,370,400
End-pf-Year Employment
Stationary Source Enforcement 191 261 +70
Mobile Source Enforcement 36 36 ...
Total 227 297 +70
Man-Years. Total 162 263 +101
E-2
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Stationary Source Enforcement $3,662,600 $7S451,400 +$3,788,800
'
An increase of $2S7003000 will result from the comparative transfer
of 70 employees from their current abatement and control activity
of providing assistance to States for the development of State
implementation plans to the enforcement activity.
The remainder of the increase is to cover the full-year employment
costs of new positions filled in 1973 and to provide for the increased
salary costs of the 1973 pay raise,
Mobile Source Enforcement 638,400 1,220,000 +581,600
To collect datas design a sampling strategy and develop the
sampling capability for enforcing compliance with the recently
promulgated regulations requiring the availability for sale of
unleaded gasolines, to collect data and conduct confirmation
tests relative to curbing tampering with automotive emission
control devices, to cover the full-year employment costs of
positions filled in 1973, and to provide for the increased salary
costs of the 1973 pay raise.
E-3
-------
Enforcement
Air
Stationary Source Enforcement
Justification
197.3 |974 Change
Stationary source enforcement $3,662,600 $7,451,400 +$397889800
The stationary source air enforcement program is designed to
effectively utilize the enforcement authorities provided by the Clean
Air Act to ensure nationwide compliance with State Implementation Plans
(SIP's), New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS). Responsibility for
enforcement of standards applicable to stationary sources is shared by
EPA and the States. Primary responsibility for enforcement of State
Implementation Plans rests with the States although EPA must assume
responsibility where States fail to act.
Accordingly EPA's stationary source enforcement program consists of
surveillance9 monitoring, and evaluation of State enforcement programs;
provision of technical? legal, and case development assistance to State
programs; and selective Federal enforcement of implementation plan
requirements designed to encourage and support State efforts and to
foster voluntary compliance.
Purpose of Increase
An increase of $23700S000 will result from the planned transfer of
70 employees and positions from the abatement and control air program
to this activity. This transfer reflects a transition from the development
of State implementation plans to the execution and enforcement of these
plans. By and large , the major effort of assisting the States in
developing implementation plans required by the Clean Air Amendments of
1970 has been completed and the task ahead is to assist the States or
otherwise see to the execution of these plans. The transferred resources
will be employed to work more closely with State enforcement programs
in the attainment of two basic objectives: (!) establishment of reasonable
compliance schedules, and (2) achievement of compliance by all sources
subject to emission control regulations. The remainder of the increase
is to cover the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in 1973
and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Si gni f i cant 1 973 Accompl i shments
- Established effective liaison with State enforcement programs.
- Reviewed and approved an estimated 509000 compliance schedules
submitted by the States.
E-4
-------
~ Developed an automated information system to store basic data from
State compliance schedules and enforcement actions for hazardous
air pollutants.
- Evaluated State enforcement programs and developed a Federal
enforcement strategy for each State.
- Reviewed approximately 3,000 waiver requests from sources unable
to comply with hazardous air pollutant standards.
- Issued approximately 20 notices of violations and initiated an
estimated 10 abatement orders and conferences and two court actions,
1974 Objectives
- Assist States in developing and applying reasonable compliance
schedules under State implementation plans.
- Stimulate and assist the development of strong, effective State
enforcement programs.
- Provide direct Federal enforcement of NSPS and NESHAPS except where
delegated to States, including notices of violations, abatement
orders, and court actions as necessary.
- Issue an estimated 500 notices of violation, initiate approximately
250 abatement orders and 50 court actions to achieve compliance
with standards.
E-5
-------
Enforcement
Air
Mobile Source Enforcement
Justification
J973_ 1974 Change
Mobile source enforcement...... $638,400 $1,220,000 +$581S60Q
The mobile source enforcement program is directed toward achieving
compliance with the vehicle and aircraft emission standards and fuel
regulations promulgated by EPA under the provisions of the Clean Air Act,
as amended. The activities of this program include preventing the
introduction into commerce of uncertified new domestic and imported
vehicles; examining the certification procedures of domestic and foreign
automobile manufacturers; enforcement of the assembly-line inspection,
recall, warranty and tampering provisions of the Act; and enforcing
Federal regulations on fuels and fuel additives.
Purpose of Increase
The increase will provide for the initiation of contracts to collect
data and design a sampling program and for the purchase of mobile
laboratories to establish the capability of enforcing the recently
promulgated regulations requiring the availability of unleaded gasoline
by July 1974. The increase will also provide for the initiation of
contracts to collect data and perform vehicle emission tests to further
the ongoing enforcement of regulations prohibiting automobile companies
and dealers from tampering with automotive emission control devices.
Finally, the increase is to provide for the full-year employment costs
of new positions filled in 1973 and to provide for the increased salary
costs of the 1973 pay raise,
Signi_fleant 1973 Accomp 1 i s hments
- Developed a detailed plan to assure the availability of lead-free
gasoline by July 1974. ;
- Developed a computer system for use in monitoring imported motor
vehicles and engines subject to Federal air pollution emissions
controls.
- Launched an information program to acquaint the publics importers,
and customs officials with requirements of the law relating to
imported vehicles.
- Initiated a program to inspect manufacturers' vehicle certification
records and procedures to assure that certification activities are
in compliance with the Clean Air Act standards and regulations.
E-6
-------
- Developed regulations governing tampering with emission control
devices and investigated potential violations*
- Developed regulations.requiring manufacturers to provide specific
warranty coverage and to submit written warranties for EPA review.
- Conducted approximately 300 inquiries, inspections, and investigations
of possible violations of standards and regulations* conducted five
public hearings on extensions and waivers» initiated three recalls
of in-use vehicles to correct deficiencies., and initiated eight
civil actions to obtain compliance with standards and regulations,
1974 Objectives
- Develop a sampling program for enforcing compliance with lead-free
gasoline regulations.
- Continue the inspection of vehicle certification records and procedures,
- Encourage and assist States in the adoption of antitampering
legislation to supplement Federal tampering control efforts.
- Monitor an estimated 3 million imported vehicles and engines for
compliance with emission control regulations.
- Conduct approximately 2,000 inquiries* inspections, and investigations
of possible violations of standards and regulations9 conduct an
estimated six public hearings on requests for extensions and waivers,
initiate approximately six recalls to correct deficiencies on in-use
vehicles,and initiate 70 civil actions to obtain compliance with
standards and regulations.
E-7
-------
Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
\, Enforcement
Water Quality
Purpose
This activity encompasses the conduct of various enforcement
actions to achieve compliance with water quality standards, oil and
hazardous materials regulations and waste discharge permits issued,
established, or otherwise provided by the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended. It also Includes the review and issuance
of waste discharge permits authorized by the same Act. These
activities are conducted cooperatively with the States and maximum
State assumption of these responsibilities is encouraged.
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Water Quality Enforcement $12,068,700 $13,449,000 +$1,380,300
Water Quality Permit
Program...... 8,798,400 11.004,000 +2.205.600
End-of-Year Employment
Water Quality Enforcement
Water Quality Permit
Program.
Total
Man-Years , Total
587
460
1 ,047
897
585
519
1 ,104
1,048
_2
+59
+57
+151
E-8
-------
Summary^ of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Water Quality Enforcement $12,068,700 $13,449,000 +$1.380,300
To cover the full-year employment cost of new positions filled
in 1973 and to provide for the increased salary costs of the
1973 pay raise.
Water Quality Permit Program 8,798,400 11.004,000 +2,205,600
To provide for the full-year cost of positions transferred to
EPA from the Corps of Engineers during 1973; to cover the costs
of additional positions to adequately staff the program; and
to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay
raise for positions currently in the program.
E-9
-------
Enforcement
Water Quality
Water Quality Enforcement
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Water quality enforcement $12,068,700 $13,449,000 +$1,380,300
Water quality standards have been required for all interstate
navigable waters in the United States since the passage of the 1965
amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The 1972
amendments to the Act have extended this regulatory authority by
calling for the establishment of compatible water quality standards
for the intrastate waters of each State and requiring that a waste
discharge permit system based upon effluent limits for municipal,
industrial, and other waste discharges be established using the best
practicable control technology currently available as the basis for
these permits.
The focus of the water enforcement program will largely shift from
the enforcement of water quality standards to the issuance and enforcement
of permits. The key enforcement mechanism under the new amendments to
the Act will consist of administrative compliance orders and civil and
criminal penalty actions for violations of permit conditions and
limitations or compliance orders.
Pu rpose of Increas e
To cover the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in
1973 and to provide the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Completed negotiations and finalized approximately 600 consent
decrees.
- Completed case preparation and referred approximately 32 cases to
the U.S. Attorney.
1974 Objectives
- Initiate approximately 65 referrals to the U.S. Attorney of
violations of oil and hazardous substances discharge regulations.
E-10
-------
Survey an estimated 2,100 discharges in basins classified as
water quality standards limited to support the development and
issuance of permits in these basins.
Investigate approximately 450 permittees to determine their
compliance with permit conditions.
Hold approximately 1,600 public hearings prerequisite to the
issuance of permits and participate in similar hearings held by
the States.
Review and evaluate proposed State permit programs prerequisite
to transferring the authority for issuing waste discharge permits
to the individual States*
E-ll
-------
Enforcement
Water Quality
Water Quality Permit Program
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Water quality permit program $8S7989400 $11,004,000 +$2,205,600
During 1973, the Refuse Act Permit Program was replaced by the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System» which, under Section 402
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, requires
all point sources of pollutant discharge to obtain a discharge permit.
Basic changes in the program include the transfer of administrative
responsibility for the program from the Corps of Engineers to EPA and
the addition of three new categories of dischargers which are required
to obtain permits: municipal, commercial, and agricultural point
sources of discharge. The new legislation authorizes EPA to transfer
the authority for issuing permits to those States which have a qualifying
permit program. In those cases where the program is tranferred, EPA
retains the authority for review of proposed permit actions.
The water quality program primarily involves the review of permit
applications, the development of the conditions to be made part of the
permits, (treatment levels, monitoring requirements, compliance schedules,
etc.) and the issuance of permits. EPA insures that State views are
considered in the preparation of EPA issued permits and works closely
with those States to which the program has been transferred, assisting
them in training personnel and in reviewing and developing permit
conditions. It is assumed that EPA will issue a majority of the permits
during 1974, pending the States' development of programs and enactment
of legislative authorities to permit them to qualify for transfer of
the program to their administration.
Purpose of Increase
During 1973, 130 positions will be transferred from the Corps of
Engineers to EPA to enable EPA to assume the administrative functions
of the program heretofore assumed by the Corps under the Refuse Act.
Also, during 1973, $2,000,000 will be transferred to EPA to cover the
partial year costs of these positions.and other associated costs of the
program. The increase is to provide for the full-year cost of these
transferred positions, to cover the costs of an additional 59 positions
needed to effectively administer this program, and to provide for the
increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise for those positions currently
assigned to the program.
E-12
-------
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Issued the new permit forms, guidelines, and regulations required
to implement the new permit program.
- Issued interim authorizations to operate the permit program to
17 States and American Samoa.
- Issued effluent guidance for 21 industrial categories.
- Issued approximately 2,000 industrial discharge permits.
1974 Objectives
- In cooperation with the States9 develop necessary conditions for
approximately 30,000 permits and issue approximately 20,000
permits.
- Provide technical support and assistance to States to foster
development of the maximum number of State permit programs.
- Transfer the program to as many States as qualify.
E-13
-------
Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Pesticides
Purpose
The EPA pesticides enforcement program includes the inspection
and registration of pesticides producing establishments; the surveillance
of pesticide products on the market, imported pesticide productsy
experimental permits and pesticide uses; and the initiation of
enforcement actions when violations are detected, including recalls,
seizures, stop sales, injunctive actions, and criminal prosecutions as
required to implement the Federal Environmental Pesticides Control
Act of 1972,
Increase
1973 1974 or Decrease
BudgetAut|iont^
Pesticides Enforcement $1.626,300 $3,117,600 +$1,491,300
Total
End- of- Year Employment
Pesticides Enforcement
Total...
Man-Years , Total
1,626,300
93
93
85
3,117,600
164
164
133
+1 ,491 ,300
+71
+71
+48
E-14
-------
Summaryof Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Pesticides Enforcement $1S626,3QO $3,117,600 +$1.491,300
To provide the additional staffing required to implement new
authorities and responsibilities of the Federal Environmental
Pesticides Control Act of 1972; to improve the surveillance
of imported pesticide products; and to provide for the increased
salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
E-15
-------
Enforcement
Pesticides
Pesticides Enforcement
Jus tl f 1 cat i on_
HZ! 1974 Change
Pesticides enforcement..... $1,626,300 $3,117,600 +$1,491,300
The pesticide program for 1974 will encompass a continuation of
ongoing activity to inspect pesticide products on the market to determine
if they comply with the terms under which they were registered. In
addition, the program must be expanded to undertake new activities and
responsibilities directed by the recently enacted Federal Environmental
Pesticides Control Act of 1972. These include the inspection and
registration of manufacturers and formulators of pesticides* the
surveillance of pesticide usage and the surveillance of compliance with
experimental permits issued under the new Act. Moreover., the program
must be expanded to provide improved inspection and surveillance of imported
pesticide products, an effort which current staffing levels do not permit,
Purpose of Increase
To provide the additional staffing and resources to carry out new
authorities and responsibilities under the federal Environmental Pesticides
Control Act of 1972S including the inspection and registration of
manufacturers and formulators of pesticide products, the surveillance of
pesticide usage and the surveillance of experimental permits. The
increase is also to provide improved inspection and surveillance of
imported pesticide products and to provide for the increased salary
costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1973 Accomplishments
- Collected approximately 69000 product samples, issued an estimated
1,500 violation notices, and initiated approximately 75 product
seizures and 300 criminal prosecutions.
1974 Objectives
- Develop and promulgate regulations to register an estimated 39500
pesticide manufacturing firms and collect production information
on each product from these firms.
- Develop a computer system for storage and retrieval of manufacturer
registration and production information to assure its ready
availability.
E-16
-------
- Develop an inspection program and inspect a cross-section of those
firms registered.
- Initiate a program of pesticide use surveillance and investigate
incidents of misuse.
- Spot check uses under experimental use permits.
- Improve surveillance of imported pesticide products.
- Issue approximately 1,500 notices of violation, issue an estimated
200 stop sale, use, and removal orders; and initiate approximately
500 civil and criminal actions.
E-17
-------
Program
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Program Management and Support
Purpose
This activity encompasses the overall management of and support for
the Enforcement programs described in the foregoing sections. It also
provides for the staffing and funding of EPA's Office of General Counsel
in headquarters and the Office of Regional Counsel in the ten regions.
Increase
1^73 1974 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Program Management .... $2,557,500 $2,853,500 +$296,000
Program Support 6.222,500 8.304,100 +2,081,600
Total.. 8,780,000 11,157,600 +2,377,600
End-of-Year Emp1gyment
Program Management 110 117 +7
Program Support ._._.. ... ...
Total 110 117 +7
Man-Years. Total 107 112 +5
E-18
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1973 1974 Change
Program Management $2,557,500 $2,853.500 +$296,000
To increase the staff of the Office of General Counsel to meet the
increased workload arising from the new water» pesticides,, and noise
legislations to cover the full-year employment costs of new positions
filled in 1973, and to provide for the increased salary costs of the
1973 pay raise.
Program Support 6,222,500 8,304,100 +2,081,600
To cover a prorated share of the Agency's increased funding
requirements for common support services—refer to the section on
Agency and Regional Management for a description of these requirements
E-19
-------
i Enforcement
Program Management and Support
- ' Program Management
i j
Justification
I - • 1973 1974 Change
Program management.,...... $2,557,500 $2,853,500 +$296,000
This activity provides for overall management of the Office of
Enforcement and General Counsel, including the development of program
policies and strategies, the overall planning of enforcement activities.,
> i the monitoring and review of the program,, including that performed in the
regions, and the direction of the program activities performed in
headquarters. It also covers the staffing of the Offices of General
Counsel and Regional Counsel which serve the needs of all components of
the Agency. To carry out these functions, this activity provides for the
following staffing:
J973 1974.
Office of Enforcement and General Counsel 26 28
Office of Water Enforcement.............. 5 5
Office of General Enforcement............ 3 3
Office of General Counsel.... 46 51
Office of Regional Counsel....... '.,.. 30 30
Purposeof Increase
To provide for the increased workload placed on the Office of General
Counsel by the recently enacted water9 pesticide, and noise legislation,
to cover the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in 1973
and to provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
E-20
-------
Enforcement
Program Management and Support
, Program Support
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Program support..... $6,222,500 $8,304,100 +$2,0819600
This element constitutes the prorated share of EPA's total funding
requirements for common support services. These funding requirements
cover certain agencywide and regional leases communication,, and other
common service costs which are managed through a single headquarters
account and ten regional accounts. These requirements are fully described
in the section covering Agency and Regional Management. The prorated
share charged under this element represents that portion required to
support the programs funded and conducted under the Enforcement
appropriation.
Purpose o f In c re a se
This increase, together with those under similar elements under the
Research and Development and the Abatement and Control appropriation
accounts, is described under the section covering Agency and Regional
Management.
E-21
-------
Agency and
Regional
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
Agency and Regional Management
Purpose
Activities supported under this appropriation provide for top-
level management of EPA through the Administrator's immediate office
and the immediate offices of the Regional Administrators, and for
administrative support to the program activities through the Office of
Planning and Management and its regional counterparts.
Budget Authority 1.972^ 1973 1974
Agency Management and
Support. .............
Regional Management and
Support. .............
$29S222S318
9,879,700.
$36,527,380
9,656,200
40 ,282 3,300
10S5173500
Total........ 39S102S018 46 .,183,580 505799,800
Manpower Resources 1973 1974
End-of-Year Employment. 1,794 1S834
Man-Years..,.,.,.....,. 1,696 1,764
a/ Provided for comparative purposes and represents resources approved
under the appropriation "Operations, Research, and Facilities" for
activities now carried under this appropriation.
ARM-1
-------
Agency and Regional Management
Purpose
This activity provides for the overall management and direction
of EPA through the Office of the Administrator and Its staff offices;
for the overall management of EPA's ten regional offices through the
offices of the Regional Administrators and their staff offices; and
for the agencywlde administrative functions performed by the Office
of Planning and Management. This activity also Includes a prorated
share of the agencywlde and regional common services needed to support
the above mentioned offices.
Budget Authority
Agency Management and
Support.
Regional Management and
Support ,
Total
End-of-Year Employment
Agency Management and
Support.
Regional Management and
Support ,...,...
Total
Man-Years , Total ,
1973
. $36 , 527, 380
9,656,200
46,183,580
1,321
473
1 ,794
1 ,696
1974
$40,282,300
10,517,500
50,799,800
1,331
503
1,834
1,764
Increase
or Decrease
+$3,754,920
+861,300
+4,616,220
+10
+30
+40
+68
ARM-2
-------
Summary ofIncreases and Decreases
Agency Management and
SuDDort
1973
$36,527,380
1974
$40,282,300
Change
+$3, 754,920
Agency management ...... 30,559,100 31,572,100 +1,013,000
To provide for the increase in administrative support—-contracts
management, audit, and special studies—required to implement
the new legislation enacted in 1973 and to provide for the
increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Agency support.... .... 5,968,280 8,710,200 +2,741,920
To provide for increased common services required to support the
expanded programs and additional staffing proposed for implementation
of the new legislation and to meet the additional needs of program
and staffing increases authorized in 1973.
Regional Management and
Support , 9.656,200 10,517,500 +861 ,300
Regional management 9,002,400 9,908,500 +906,100
To provide for the increased staffing needed to handle the expanded
administrative workload of the construction grants program and to
provide for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise.
Regional support 653,800 609,000 -449800
A decrease resulting from nonrecurring costs for renovation and
relocation of certain regional offices.
ARM-3
-------
Agency
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Agency and Regional Management
»
Agency Management and Support
Justification
1973 1974 Change
Agency management $30,559,100 $31*572,100 +$1,013,000
Agency management provides for the staffing and funding of the
Office of the Administrator and its staff offices and the Office of
Planning and Management.
The Office of the Administrator and its staff offices provide the
top level policy direction and management of the Agency. The composition
and staffing of these offices are:
1973 1974
Office of Administrator
and Deputy Administrator 53 53
Office of Legislation 42 42
Office of Public Affairs....... 87 87
Office of International Affairs 23 23
Office of Civil Rights and Urban Affairs... 32 32
Office of Federal Activities 25 25
The Office of Planning and Management performs the agencywide
administrative functions required to support EPA's program activities.
It also provides the administrative services required to support the
activities carried out at headquarters in Washington* D.C., and at the
two major field centers at Durham, North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
The composition and staffing of the Office of Planning and Management
are:
1973 1974
Office of Planning and Management 8 8
Office of Administration. 754 757
Office of Resources Management,.,......... 180 180
Office of Planning and Evaluation 63 65
Office of Audit 49 54
Office of Education and Manpower
Development ........................ 5 5
ARM-4
-------
The largest of these offices, the Office of Administration, covers
the following administrative functions: agencywide contracts and procurement
management; agencywide grants policy direction; management of EPA's
automated data processing systems; agencywide personnel policy direction
and personnel management services for offices located in Washington, D.C.,
Durham, North Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio; agencywide management of EPA's
office and laboratory facilities; agencywide security and inspection; and
general administrative services to programs located in the three aforementioned
cities. The Office of Resources Management covers coordination and management
of EPA's program planning and budget activities and ageneywide management
of EPA accounting and fiscal management activities.
The funding requirements of Agency Management are predominantly
for salary, benefit, and travel costs for the personnel staffing the
above-delineated offices. The major exception is the contract funds allocated
to the Office of Planning and Evaluation for the conduct of economic
and other information-gathering and evaluative studies to support the
activities of that office.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the increase in administrative support required to
implement the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
as well as other new legislation enacted during the year, and to provide
for the increased salary costs of the 1973 pay raise. The increased
funding of construction grants and the increase in grant and contract
activity authorized by the new legislation will impose an increased
workload on the Office of Audit! therefore, an increase of staffing of
this office is proposed. The increase in contracts authorized by the
new legislation will also increase the workload of the Contracts Management
Division of the Office of Administration and an increase in staffing of
this Division is therefore proposed. Finally, the new water legislation
calls for a variety of economic and other studies as well as the development
of a host of new regulations and standards. Increased funding to meet these
requirements is thereby proposed.
Agency support............. $5,968,280 $8,710,200 +$2,741,920
This element constitutes the prorated share of agencywide common
service support costs which is charged to the Agency and Regional Management
appropriation account.
ARM-5
-------
This element together with portions of the program support elements
carried under the Research and Developments Abatement and Control, and
Enforcement appropriation accounts, provide the source of funding for a
single agency working account under which agencywide common services are
funded. These agencywide common services include:
- the rental and lease of all office and laboratory space occupied
by EPA exclusive of that owned by EPA or paid for by the General
Services Administration out of its appropriations.
- EPA's automatic data processing systems,
- the telephone service used by EPA under the Federal Telecommunication
System.
- telephone service, utilities, custodial and security services,
printing and library services, and office supplies used by EPA
offices located in Washington, D.C., Durham, North Carolina,
and Cincinnati, Ohio.
- EPA's total costs for penalty mail.
- repairs and alterations to EPA-owned laboratory facilities.
This element does not include any salary, benefit, or travel costs.
Purpose of jn crea s e
To provide for increased common services required to support the
expanded programs and staffing proposed in this 1974 budget to implement
new legislation and to support program and staffing increases authorized
in 1973. The principal items of increase are:
- increased rental and lease costs for office and laboratory space
to house the 345 new positions proposed for 1974 and the 130
positions to be transferred from the Corps of Engineers in 1973;
- increased Federal Telecommunication System, local telephone,
utility, custodial and security, printing and library services
and office supply and equipment maintenance costs required to
support the new personnel;
- increased automated data processing equipment and service costs
to support new and expanded programs required by the new legislation
as well as the maturing needs of ongoing programs;
ARM-6
-------
- additional funds for the repair and improvement of EPA-owned
laboratory buildings and equipment to correct safety hazards and
protect the Federal investment in these facilities;
- additional funds for equipping regional laboratories to enable
them to support implementation of the new legislation; and
- increased costs for penalty mail.
ARM-7
-------
Agency and
Regional M
Ji
Regional management.
I
Regional management provid
immediate Office of the Regiona
Intergovernmental Relations, Pu
Division of Management in each <
The Offices of the Regiona
provide the overall direction a
The Divisions of Management per
program planning, personnel man
and housekeeping activities--re<
The funding requirements f
salary, benefit, travel, and ot
the above offices.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for increased s
the construction grants program
costs of the 1973 pay raise. T
grants program under the Federa
impose an increased workload on
administrative functions carrie
include the processing of oblig
and the review and monitoring o
compliance with civil rights re
Regional support.
This element constitutes t
service support costs which are
Management appropriation accoun
This element together with
carried under the Research and
Enforcement appropriation accou
regional working accounts under
These common services include t
housekeeping requirements, and
regional programs. They exclud
Regie
Managem
Supp
SECTION
-------
Construction Grants
Purpose
This program provides for making grants to municipal, intermunicipal,
State, and interstate agencies to assist in financing the planning, design,
and construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Amounts
approved from authorization for contract authority for 1973 and 1974 are
allotted to each State on the basis of a formula set forth in the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. Within these allotments,
grants are awarded on a priority basis for individual projects. Each
project is eligible for 75 percent in Federal assistance.
1972 1973 1974
Budget Authority $2,000,000,000 $1,900,000,000
Contract Authority ... 5,000,000,OOQ§/ b/
Liquidate Contract Authority ... ... $200,000,000
a/ Includes $2 billion out of 1973 authority and $3 billion out of
1974 authority.
b/ Determination by the President not made, as yet, of the amount
of the $7 billion authorized for 1975 that will be approved for
allotment by January 1, 1974, and available for obligation in
1974.
CG-1
-------
Construction Grants
Justi ficatign
1973 1974 Change
'
Liquidate contract authority. ... $200,000,000 +$200,000,000
Federal grant assistance for the construction of municipal
wastewater treatment works has been authorized since 1956. Since
that time, through January 31, 1973, $5.2 billion of assistance has
been provided for 13,760 projects having a total cost of $15.7 billion,
Over this period, both the percentages of Federal grants and the annual
amount of monies authorized and appropriated has been increased in
several steps. The current percentage of Federal assistance is 75 per-
cent of total eligible costs.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
substantially alter the methods of funding the construction grants
program and the methods of providing assistance to individual projects,
Rather than awarding a grant to an applicant for the Federal share of
a project, EPA is now authorized to enter into a contractual arrangement
with the applicant wherein EPA creates a contractual obligation for
payment of the eligible proportional costs of the separate elements of
each project. Under this authority, EPA will incur contractual
obligations for the Federal share of the costs of (1) preliminary plans . -
and studies and other eligible preliminary work, (2) design plans and
specifications, and (3) the construction of the waste treatment facilities.
Payments against these contractual obligations will be made to the applicant
as all or parts of each of these elements are completed. Under this
contractual method of providing financial assistance, EPA is obliged to
estimate each year the amounts of payments that are required against
contractual obligations and to seek appropriations to cover these payments T
To implement these new methods of funding and project financing,
EPA allotted, in December 1972, $5 billion of contract authority to jjhe
States and other jurisdictions. As .prescribed by regulations promulgated
pursuant to provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, these allotments were based on a formula which in
turn, was based on needs identified in the 1971 municipal needs survey
conducted by EPA.
,
Based on an analysis at the time the budget was being formulated it
was estimated that the contractual obligations incurred under the $.5
billion allotted would probably not involve any payments during 1973
but would require an estimated $200 million for 1974. Therefore, based
on this analysis EPA is requesting an appropriation of $200 million in
1974.
CG-2
-------
In 1973, the Congress appropriated $1.9 billion for the purpose of
covering the reimbursable grant requirements created over the pa;st
several years under provisions'of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act which are now expired. These funds will be allocated to the
States and other jurisdictions during 1973 and use,d for the purposes
intended.
CG-3
-------
Scientific 1
(Special Fore'
; Activities Overseas, d
i Currency Program, are
> United States under va
ities relate to the bro&
nronmental problems and
cnowledge of the United j
immunity. Scientific Ac
the domestic mission of
Section 102(e) of the N
world-wide and long-ran
istent with the foreign
pport to initiatives, re
national cooperation in
of mankinds world envir
ty_
iary
:ment and
$1,430,
955,
170,
350,
335,
250,
400,
no,i
4,000,
iployment.
Scientific Activit
Overseas
SECTION TAB
-------
1973 1974 Change
Air program ... $1,430,000 $770,000 -$660,000
Activities funded under the air program will include major interdisci-
plinary studies on the control of multiple industrial effluents in Poland.
This joint program through both research and development efforts and the
testing of advanced technology on industrial stacks, will provide an
integrated base controlling air pollution in the heavily industrialized
regions. EPA will also collaborate with the Polish Government in designing
and testing an elaborate air pollution monitoring network designed to
provide quick response control to avoid unacceptable pollution levels.
Other air pollution control programs will focus on health effects of
air pollutants in mining regions of Pakistan, studies of municipal air
pollution in Yugoslavia, and studies of the airborne movement of pesticides
in Egypt.
Water program,...,. ». 955,000 1,309,000 +354,000
Environmental research institutions in India are capable of contributing
new knowledge to the protection and management of water supplies and of
conducting original research on new technologies for municipal and industrial
waste watertreatment. In Poland, EPA will extend the water program activities
previously funded, including interdisciplinary water pollution of the Baltic.
Also, studies of mine drainage problems in Pakistan, studies of the life
cycle of waste stabilization ponds in Tunisia, and the effects of agricultural
runoff on water quality in Yugoslavia will be supported.
Solid waste program 170,000 165,000 -5,000
Practically all the excess currency countries share EPA's concern
for the development of ways to improve and modify existing practices in
solid waste management. In Poland, investigations will focus on the
disposal and use of industrial waste such as fly ash and sludge resulting
from industrial processes. Indian investigators will study the effects
of composts on soils and plants and will make assessments of animals
raised in areas containing high levels of manganese.
Pesticides program 350,000 350,000
Poland is rapidly developing an international reputation in the
field of biological alternatives to pesticides. This excess currency
country is also in an excellent location to provide new information
from the Western scientific community and Eastern bloc countries for
SAO-3
-------
collaborative research on integrated pest management. Combined
U.S.-Polish studies will include the implications of pesticides to human
health. Pakistan research teams will provide the means of improving
agricultural production through integrated pest management while protecting
the human environment. Studies dealing with the accumulation of DDT in
fat in five closely defined control regions of Yugoslavia will be funded
in 1974. The activities in these countries involve regions of pesticide-free
areas and areas of high intensity use of chemical pesticides on selected
insects and crops. Accordingly, this integrated program will provide an
opportunity to test and evaluate biological alternatives along with chemical
pesticides on selected insects and crops.
1973 1974 Change
Radiation program.. 335,000 400,000 +65,000
The management of radioactive waste products from nuclear reactors is
a critical environmental problem. Expert teams in Yugoslavia and Poland
will be ready in 1974 to develop methods to concentrate waste radioactive
materials. This will allow safer and more economical disposal and storage.
Research on the environmental impact of heavy metals including mercury,
lead, and cadmium will be initiated in Poland and Yugoslavia. Major
studies will be concerned with the marine uptake to these metals in the
Adriatic and Baltic. The studies will be closely coordinated with each
other and similar EPA efforts sponsored in the United States.
Noise program • 250,000 250,000
In 1974, EPA will implement recommendations of the first annual Congress
on Health Effects of Noise to be held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, in May 1973.
In the past five years, Poland has developed an agressive program to
reduce the health effects of noise from industrial and construction operations.
Summaries of this work and details of new research in both the Eastern
bloc and Western countries will be consolidated by the Polish team. New
studies will be initiated based upon the results of this preliminary work
and new information gained at the 1973 International Congress. Emphasis
will be placed on applied research aimed at eliminating sources of noise
through improved land use activities, construction techniques, and enforcement
procedures.
Interdisciplinary program 400,000 650,000 +250,000
Increasingly, the environmental problems that deserve attention do
not fall into specifically defined media categories. Important studies
such as alternative power sources which involve trade-offs among air
pollution, water pollution, and radiation from nuclear reactors must be
considered. Interdisciplinary studies involve talents from many scientific
areas and competence to measure secondary implications of selected policies
SAO-4
-------
^ collaborative research on integrated pest management. Combined
U.S.-Polish studies will include the implications of pesticides to human
, health. Pakistan research teams will provide the means of improving
| agricultural production through integrated pest management while protecting
the human environment. Studies dealing with the accumulation of DDT in
fat in five closely defined control regions of Yugoslavia will be funded
I in 1974. The activities in these countries involve regions of pesticide-free
areas and areas of high intensity use of chemical pesticides on selected
insects and crops. Accordinglys this integrated program will provide an
opportunity to test and evaluate biological alternatives along with chemical
pesticides on selected insects and crops,
1973 1974 Change
i
Radiation program.. 335,000 400,000 +65,000
! The management of radioactive waste products from nuclear reactors is
1 a critical environmental problem. Expert teams in Yugoslavia and Poland
will be ready in 1974 to develop methods to concentrate waste radioactive
\ materials. This will allow safer and more economical disposal and storage.
• Research on the environmental impact of heavy metals including mercury,
lead, and cadmium will be initiated in Poland and Yugoslavia. Major
studies will be concerned with the marine uptake to these metals in the
] Adriatic and Baltic. The studies will be closely coordinated with each
! other and similar EPA efforts sponsored in the United States,
Noise program , 250,000 250,000
In 1974, EPA will implement recommendations of the first annual Congress
on Health Effects of Noise to be held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, in May 1973.
i In the past five years, Poland has developed an agressive program to
reduce the health effects of noise from industrial and construction operations
Summaries of this work and details of new research in both the Eastern
i bloc and Western countries will be consolidated by the Polish team. New
studies will be initiated based upon the results of this preliminary work
and new information gained at the 1973 International Congress. Emphasis
will be placed on applied research aimed at eliminating sources of noise
I through improved land use activities, construction techniques, and enforcemenl
procedures.
Interdisciplinary program 400,000 650,000 +250,000
?
Increasingly, the environmental problems that deserve attention do
I not fall into specifically defined media categories. Important .studies
) such as alternative power sources which involve trade-offs among air
pollution, water pollution, and radiation from nuclear reactors must be
i considered. Interdisciplinary studies involve talents from many scientific
I areas and competence to measure secondary implications of selected policies
SAO-4
-------
General Provisions
SECTION TAB
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Appropriation* in thit> Title, fa ft expeaie-6 otf the, Envirome,ntal
rote.ction Age.ncy *hali be available. fan. hire. g^ pa**e.ngeA
\otor ve.hiclu; hire., maintenance., and operation ofi aircAafat;
mifarm* , 0ti allowance^ tkeJie,far, a* authorized by 5 U.5.C.
5901-5902; repair and imp/to ve.me.vii o\ federal &aciJ&tie*}
*crvic&* a* auZhotviznd by 5 U.S.C. 3/09, bat at HateA ^on,
individual* not to exceeof the. peA dim- Aote equ4.vale.nt to the
fi&tz faofi GS-1&; pusLcha&e. o& tui.pnlntt> ; iib/iany mmbeAAhip* in
Aoc^etiu on. aAAodationb which iA&u.e. publication* to
only OK at a. p/pcce to mmbeAA HQWLH than to ^u.b^>cAib
-------
Special Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
Special Analyses
Contents
Page
EPA Organ i zati on Chart -.. SA-2
EPA Regions - Headquarters Locations and States— . ,....., SA-3
Standard Federal Regions Map , SA-4
Summary of Resources SA-5-
Summary of End-of-Year Employment and Man-Years ...... , SA-9
Total Funds Available, 1973 SA^2
Total Funds Available, 1974 .'..,. , SA~14
Summary of Authorization vs. Budget Authority.. SA-16
IS)
y
I
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
DOTTY lOMHrSTHTOt
«ST. ADMIN1STMTOI
FOR
PLANNING AND IMMEIKRT
«fiWHH
(E«1H 11
HEW TIM
OFFICE OF MTEIMTIQMl
ACTIVITIES
OFFICE OF LEClSltlfOI
•[ OFFICE OF PUBLIC >FFHHS
OFFICE OF
ill niJUITr
PUHNIHS (NO
SUNOMOS
OFFICE OF
NOIIIE SOURCE
Ml POLLUTION
CGHT-5CL
OFFICE Of
«ITU PIMKIIK
AID ST*(OAIDS
JFFIC! Of
WATH PISWIMS
gpEnnoos
OffKES
OFFICE OF
KOISf ABATEKEKT
MO CONTROL
OFFICE OF
PESTICIDE
PICGRAXS
OFFICE OF
fitDIATIOK
P506SAHS
OFFICE OF
SOLID WISH
JmtF.KF.KT
PIDCHHS
-------
EPA Regions
Headquarters Locations and States
Region I Headquarters, Boston, Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region VIII Headquarters, Denver, Colorado
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region II Headquarters, New York, iNew York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pa.
Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia, District of
Columbia
Region IV Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia
Alabama, Flordia, Georgia, Kentucky
Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee
Region V . Headquarters, Chicago, Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Region VI Headquarters, Dallas, Texas
Arkansas, Louis-ana» New Mexico
Texas, Oklahoma
Region IX Headquarters, San Francisco,
California
Arizona, California, Hawaii,
Uevada, American Samoa, Guam,
Trust Territories of Pacific
Islands, Wake Island
Region X Headquarters, Seattle, Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
on
3»
i
CO
Region VII Headquarters, Kansas City, Missouri
Iowa, Kansas, Missoiiri, Nebraska
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGIONAL OFFICES
STANDARD FEDERAL REGIONS
-------
Summary of Resources
Research and Development*
Budget authori ty
Obi igations
Outlays ,
£nd-of-year employment,...-...,
Man-years —^ ,
Abatement and Control*
Budget authori ty
Contract authori ty
Obligations.
Contract authori ty-.*....,.,.
Out! ays „,. „
Erril-of-year employment......
Man-years..'. „.
Enforcement*
Budget authority....
Obi igatjons
Out! ays
End-of-year empl oyment
Man-years ,
Agency and Regional Management*
Budget authori ty
Obi i gations .
Outlays
EntJ-of-year employment
Man-years .....
1972 1973
$173,144,600
152,845*000
60,000,000
1,907
1,798
212,034,630,
50,000,000-;
188,334,000
102,000,000
3,454
3,347
35,574,4t30
35,574,400
27,000,000
1,477
1,251
46,183,580
46,183,580
35,000,000
1,794
1974
$148,700,200
148,303,000
125,000,000
1,863
1,808
243,100,400.,
96,000,000^
244,300,000
21,000,000
189,000,000
3,605
3,442
47,399,600
47,399,600
43,000,000
1,682
1,556
50,799,800
50,799,800
48,000,000
1,834
1,764
Increase or
Decrease
.$24,444,400
-4,542,000
+65,000,000
-44
+10
+31,065,800
+46,000,000
+55,766,000
+21,000,000
+87,000,000
+151
+95
+11,825,200
+11,825,200
+16,000,000
+205
+305
+4,616,220
+4,616,220
+13,000,000
+40
+68
in
>
i
en
-------
Construction Grants
Budget authori ty
Contract authority.
Obligations..-. ,
Contract authority
Outlays
Contract authori ty
End-of-year employment..—,.
Man-years..,
Scientific Activities Overseas
Budget authori ty
Obligations.
Outlays „.. .^ ...•;,..
End-of-yea-r employment— ^,
Man -years — ......
1972
$2,000,000,000
787,634,566
413,407,888
Operati&ns, Research, and
Facilities
Budget aathority
Obligations
Outlays . ,
End-of-year employment.
Man-years.
Revolving Fund_'
Budget authori ty ,
Obligations
Out! ays
End-of-year -employment.
Man-years..
7,000,000
4,756,907
I,451j406-
308,837
-49,038
12
IT
1
5,
3,
1973
900,000,000
OOO.OOO.OOOd/
323,892,000
500,000,000
727,000,000
4,000,000
7,038,053
5,300,000
1974
'c/
1,539,000
*51
50
3,400,000,000
1,600,000,000
200,000,000
4,tWO ,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
440,520,318
368,222,209
347,990,647
7, £58
106,213,960
191,400,000
4,000,000
115,975,000
1,265,000
'* • *
51
50
Increase -or
Decrease^
-1,900,000,000
-5,000,000,000
-3,323,892,000
+2,900,000,000
+873,000,000
+200,000,000
-3,038,053
+1,000,000
-102,213,960
-75,425,000
-274,000
en
-------
. .,
1972
1973
TrustFunds
Budget authors ty~............ 45,266 25,000
Obligations 20,020 90,000
Outlays , -20,020 90,000
End-of-year employment.......
Man-years .
Advances and Reimbursements^/
Budget authority...
Obligations -. 3,042,230 5,340,000
Outlays ...
End-of-year employment. 157 164
Man-years 150 157
Allocation Account
Budget authority............. ... ...
Obli-gations
Outlays.... ...
End-of-year employment....... 8 11
Man-years.. 8 .. 8
Total, Environmental Protection
Agency
Budget authority 2,447,565,584 2,370,962,180
Contract authority — ... 5,050,000,000
Obligations... 1,163,984,769 3,867,049,993
Contract authority ... 500,000,000
Outlays... 762,820,923 1,147,490,000
Contract authority...
End-of-year employment...... 7,835 8,858
Man-years..... 7,363 8,307
1974
25,000
25,000
25,000
5,340,000
164
159
4
4
494,025,000
96,000,000
505,232,400
3,421,000,000
2,127,000,000
200,000,000
9,203
8,783
Increase or
Decrease
-65,000
-65,600
+2
-7
-4
-1,876,937,180
-4,954,000,000
-3,361,817,593
+2,921,000,000
+979,510,000
+200,000,000
+345
+476
00
3=
-------
a/ Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management. $50 million contract authority authorized for
1973 is not expected to be used.
bj Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management. $100 million contract authority authorized for
1974 of which $4 million budget authority is included in the appropriation request of $243sl00,400
for 1974, leaving an adjusted 1974 contract authority of $96 million, of which $21 million is
expect to be obligated.
_c/ Determination by the President notmades as yet, of the amount of the $7 billion authorized for 1975
that will be approved for allotment by January 1, 1974, and available for obligation in 1974.
d/ Includes $2 billion out of 1973 authority and $3 billion out of 1974 authority.
e_/ Included in the President's Budget under Research and Development, Abatement and Control, and
Agency and Regional Management.
* Excludes resources approved under the appropriation "Operations, Research, and Facilities" for
activities now carried under this appropriation.
NOTE: Man-years based on permanent employment.
5=
I
00
-------
Summary of End-of-Year Employment and Man-Years
by Appropriation and Program
1973
1974
Increase or
Decrease
-EOY Man-Years
Research and Development
Air... ,.. .,.„, 444 428
Water-Quality .„... 653 589
Water Supply „,, .. 83 80
Solid Wastes.. •.....«. 70 66
Pesticides „ 114 109
Radiation .. 88 85
Noise .- .
Interdisciplinary - 192 186
Program Management and Support... 263 255
Subtotal , 1,907 1,798
ten-years, other ^than permanent positions .... 233
Tota3, Research and Development,.. 1.907 2,031
Abatement and Control
" Air..'. 702 680
Water Quality 1,515 1,469
Water Supply 91 88
SoHd Wastes....... . 216 209
Pesticides 461 447
Radiation •..«.,.„, 19-1 185
Noise . ^. 12 11
Program Management and Support. 266 258
Subtotal,.. 3,454 3,347
Wan-years, other than permanent positions ... 548
EOY
444
653
83
23
114
88
3
192
263
Man-Years
432
633
81
22
111
85
3
186
255
EOY
1,863
1,808
233
1.863
2,041
£33
1,714
91
TOO
5-91
191
-31
254
614
1,663
58
97
525
185
24
246
3,605
3,442
548
-47
+3
-44
-44
-69
+199
• • '*
-116
+130
* • a
+19
-12
+151
Han-Years
+4
+44
+1
-44
+2
* • •
+3
+10
-66
+194
+78
• a *
+13
-12
+95
Total, Abatement and Control ,. 3,454
3,895
3,605
3,990
+151
+95
10
-------
1973
Enforcement
Mr , , . . -. . ,
Water Qua! i ty
Pes ti ci des . .
Program Management and Support
Subtotal
Man-years, other than permanent positions
Total , Enforcement
Agency and Regional Management
Agency Management
Regional Management
Subtotal
Man->ears, other than permanent positions
Total, Agency and Regional Management..
Revolving Fund
Abatement and Control
Pes ti ci des
Man-years, other than permanent positions
Total , Revo! ving Fund.
EOY
227
1,047
93
no
1,477
1,477
1,321
473
1,794
1,794
51
51
51
Man- Years
162
897
85
107
1,251
96
1,347
1,261
435
1,696
237
1,933
50
50
50
EOY
297
1,104
164
117
1 ,682
1,682
1,33!
503
1,834
1,834
51
51
51
1974
Man-Years
263
1,048
133
112
1,555
96
1,652
1,287
477
1,764
237
2,001
50
50
50
Increase or
Decrease
EOY
+ 70
+57
+ 71
+ 7
+205
+ 205
+ 10
+ 30
+ 40
+ 40
...
...
Man-Years
+ 101
+ 151
+48
+ 5
+ 305
+ 305
+26
+ 42
+ 68
+ 68
* * •
. . .
t/1
1
o
-------
~<« IT
Advances and Reimbursements I/
Man-years, other than permanent
positions
Total s Advances and Reimbursements .
Allocation Account
Abatement and Control
Water QuaTi ty
Man-years, other than permanent
posi ti ons
Total, Allocation Account
Grand Total
End-of-year employment and man-years
Man-years other than permanent
•positions.
EOY
164
164
11
11
» • 9
11
8,858
* » •
1973
Man-Years
157
157
8
8
5
13
8,307
1,119
EOY
164
• • 0
164
4
4
* * •
4
9,203
1974
Man-Years
159
159
4
4
5
9
8,783
1,119
Increase or
Decrease
EOY
a • «
-7
-7
-7
+345
Man-Years
+2
+2
-4
-4
-4
+476
• « *
Total 8,858
9,426
9,203
9,902
+345
+476
_§_/ Included in the President's Budget under Research and Development, Abatement and Control, and
Agency and Regional Management.
CO
1s>
I
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Total Funds Available, 1973
1973
Budget
Authority
* Research and Development $173,144,600
Ai r 67,381,900
Water Qua! i ty.. 48,113,900
Water Supply 2,266,300
Sol i d Wastes 17,071,000
Pes tici des . 57251,800
Radi ati on . < 2,287,000
Noise .. 280,800
Interdisciplinary * 13,768,200
Program Management and Support 16,723,700
* Abatement and Control 212,034,600
Air 80,807,400
Water Qua! i ty. 70,490,800
Water Supply, 2,014,500
Sol i d Wastes \ 12,942,300
• Pesti ci des W, 112,200
Radi at i on 4,848,100
Noise 2,083,100
Program Management and Support 24,736,200
* Enforcement 35,574,400
Ai r 4,301,000
Water Quality 20,867,100
Pesticides 1,626,300
Program Management and Support 8,780,000
Lin obligated
Balance
Brought Forward!/
$41,348,286
Unobligated
Balance
Carried Forward
Total
Available
$20,299,600 $194,193,286
11,189,620
10,467,395
15,196,513
72,783
113,639
2,387,061
1,921,275
25,208,437
8,637,000
5,947,600
4,229,666
518,000
968,000
23,700,600
69,934,520
52,633,695
2,266,300
28,038,513
4,806,583
2,400,639
280,800
15,187,261
18,644,975
213,542,437
7,693,212
6,185,917
4,165,720
840,000
676,303
5,647,285
2,123.060
13,364,400
7,502,300
1,717,666
867 ,200
240,100
9,600
75,136,212
69,174,417
2,014,500
15,391,020
14,085,000
5,284,303
2,073,500
30,383,485
37,697,460
215,301
90,959
1,816,800
4,516,301
20,958,059
1,626,300
10,596,800
3=-
INJ
-------
1973
Budget
Authori ty
* Agency and Regional Management 46,183,580
Agency Management. 36,527,380
Regional Management., 9,656,200
* Scientific Activities Overseas 4,000,000
* Construction Grants 1,900.000.000
Facilities __^JL___
Subtotal.,.. 2,370,937,180
Contract Authority ./
Construct!1 on Grants 5,000,000.OOCF-'
Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Grants 50,000,000
Total 7,420,937,180
Unotmgateo
Balance /
Brought Forward^-'
2,565,468
Unobligated
Balance
Carried Forward
Total
Available
48,749,048
2,267,556
297,912
3,038,053
38J94.936
9,954,112
7.038,053
1.423,892,000
... 3,323,892.000
38.968.709
4,000,000 34.968,709
1,537,144,013
1,537,144,013
48s000,200 3,8605080,993
b/
4,500,000,000 500,000,000-
50,000,000
4,548,000,200 4,410,080,993
a/ Funds brought forward are from Operations, Research, and Facilities Appropriation but for purposes
of this table have been "crosswalked" into 1973 appropriation structure.
b/ Includes $3 billion for FY 1974 available January 1, 1973.
* Appropriation
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Total Funds Available, 1974
1974
Budget
Authority
* Research and Development $148,700,200
Ai r - b/,uyb,/uu
Water Qua! ity 46,723,300
Water Supply... 2,303,600
Solid Wastes 2,200,000
Pesti ci des -. 5,441,000
Radiation 2,470,500
Noise- 550,000
Interdi scipl inary. • 14,472,200
Program Management and Support 17,442,900
* Abatement and Control 243,100,400
Air . 79,734,700
Water Quality...... 100,909,300
Water Supply 2,052,100
Solid Wastes......,. 3,560,000
Pesti ci des , 17,224,500
Radiation 4,650,700
Noi se 3,487,500
Program Management and Support 31,481,600
* Enforcement 47.399,600
Air 8,671,400
Water Qua! i ty, 24,453,000
Pesticides 3,117,600
Program Management and-Support 11,157,600
Unobligated
Balan ce
Brought Forward
$20,299,600
unoDligatea
Balance
Carried Forward
Total
Available
$20,696,800 $148,303,000
b,bJ/,UUU
5,947,600
4,229,DOG
518,000
968,000
23.700,600
13,364,400
7,502,300
5,967,600
4,249,000
556,600
20,000
1,118,000
118,900
22,701,000
13,364,400
6,502,700
1,717,000
867,200
240,100
9,600
o/ ,UD/,UUU
46,703,300
2,303,600
2,180,000
5,402,400
2,450,500
550,000
14,322,200
17,324,000
244,100.000
79,734,700
101,908,900
2,052,100
3,560,000
17,224,500
4,650,700
3,487,500
31,481,600
47,399,600
1,717,000
867,200
240,100
9,600
8,671,400
24,453,000
3,117,600
11,157,600
-------
1974
* Agency and Regional Management
Agency Management
Regional Management
* Scientific Activities Overseas
Facilities
Subtotal..
Contract Authority:
Construction Grants .....
Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Grants
Total
Budget
Authority
50,799,800
Unobligated
Balance
Brought Forward
Unobligated
Balance
Carried Forward
Total
Available
50,799,800
40,282,300
10,517,500
4,000,000
40,282,300
10,517,500
4,000,000
4,000,000
4,000,000
494,000,000
a/
• * *
96,000,000^
48,000,200
4,500,000,000
43,397,800 498,602,400
1,100,000,000 3,400,000,000
96,000,000
590,000,000
4,548,000,200
1,143,397,800 3,994,602,400
GO
3=>
i
* Appropriations
a/ Determination by the President not made, as yet, of the amount of the $7 billion authorized for 1975
that will be approved for allotment by January 1, 1974, and available for obligation in 1974.
b/ $100 million contract authority is authorized for 1974, of which $4 million is included in the
appropriation request of $243,100,400 for 1974 leaving an adjusted 1974 contract authority of
$96 million.
CJl
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
------- |