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Contents
SECTION TAB
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Contents
fTJ Budget Summary. . » , I
^. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT RD-1
^ * M'r RD-2
* 1 Water Quality. , , RD-9
Water Supply RD-16
r^ Sol4d Wastes RD-21
i * Pesticides RD-27
Radiation , RD-31
Noige. RD-35
P * Interdisciplinary RD-40
* Toxic Substances , RD-50
Energy: , ,. RD-54
* * Program,, Management and Support RD-63
K 1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL ' AC-1
A Air ,. AC-2
: !, Water Qua! 1 ty AC-19
Water Supply AC-44
Solid Wastes AC-48
(' *t< Pesticides: ... AC-51
; / Radiation. AC-6Q
Noise , , AC-68
* T Toxic Substances. AC-74
Program Management and Support AC-78
ENFORCEMENT E-l
" 1 Air E-2
*-•*• Water Quality. E-8
Pesticides E-14
Noise , , E-18
j j Program Management and Support E-21
U AGENCY AND REGIONAL MANAGEMENT ARM-1
I i Agency Management and Support ARM-3
-*•* Regional Management and Support ARM-6
f 1 CONSTRUCTION GRANTS , CG-1
j f
"P ^
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OVERSEAS... SAO-1
J SPECIAL ANALYSES. SA-1
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Budget Summary
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
* ' Budget Summary
*f> |
f ^ The Environmental Protection Agency's 1975 budget proposal provides for
an increase of $202 million and is presented under six appropriations. A
^ summary of each area and the major changes for 1975 follow,
' 1. Research andDevelopment programs determine the cause-and-effect
i ,- relationships of environmental pollutants and develop and demonstrate
$ ' technological solutions for pollution abatement and control. An
I increase of $168.5 million is budgeted for developing and demonstrating
] new and improved technology for controlling pollution from the use and
I Cj production of energy, for accelerating health and environmental effects
\ , researchs and for research on energy conservation technology and
4 " " environmental assessments. Other principal increases for research and
l ,, development are $10.0 million for air pollution control research
J | principally to define more precisely the health effects of air pollution
I 4 and to determine more specifically how harmful sulfates are formed;
$2 million to further health effects research on drinking water; $2.8
x t million for solid waste research to maintain the level of effort in
\ } hazardous waste disposal and resource recovery; and $2.0 million to
implement the Toxic Substances Control Act by initiating a research
program to conduct studies on the health effects of toxic substances.
l i
2. Abatement and Control programs provide for development and
I implementation of environmental standards, monitoring and surveillance
s ^ of pollutions pollution control planning, financial and technical
j . assistance to State and local pollution control agencies, assistance
i to other Federal agencies to minimize adverse impact of their activities
I I on the environment , and training of personnel engaged in pollution
5 I control activities. An increase of $1.3 million is budgeted for the
air program to strengthen the automotive pollution control program.
Other principal increases for abatement and control are $1.0 million for
I | the water supply program to provide increased technical assistance to
j ' the States; $3.1 million for the solid waste program to maintain the
1 level of effort in hazardous waste disposal and resource recovery;
$.9 million for the pesticides program to implement the re-registration.,
classification and intrastffte product provisions of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended in 1972;
$1.2 million for the noise control program to develop standards and
guidelines for the abatement of noise; and $2,5 million for the toxic
substances program to establish environmental standards. Also, a
slight increase of $.4 million in water quality will provide for additional
positions to administer the construction grants program.
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3- Enforcement program responsibilities are in the areas of air
pollution control, water pollution control, and pesticide control.
Much of the effort is in support of or in cooperation with State
and local enforcement programs such as the enforcement of air
quality standards; navigable and interstate water quality standards;
and issuance of discharge permits. An increase of $6.6 million in
1975 is budgeted primarily for stationary and mobile source air
enforcements and program management and support. Enforcement includes
such actions as notices of violations abatement orders» civil and
criminal court actions, and» in the case of pesticides, recalls and
seizures.
4. Agency and Regiona1 Management activities provide both centralized
and regional leadership and administrative support for EPA's programs.
An increase of $16.7 million is budgeted for support activities. This
provides for meeting the requirement that Federal agencies budget
directly for office space costs instead of including these costs
in the GSA budget, and for the repair'and improvement of'laboratory
facilities, and acquisition of ADP "equipment.
"Kt
5. Construction Grants are made to local public agencies for construe-
"-' tion of municipal waste water treatment facilities to assist States
yv and localities in attaining and maintaining water quality standards.
\ As of March 19 1974, a total of $7.2 billion is available for 1974
I obligation including $4 billion of 1975 contract authority recently
released for funding the construction of municipal waste treatment plants
^ and $3,2 billion previously released but unobligated for this purpose,
6. Scientific Activities Overseas (Special Foreign Currency Program)
supports cooperative research and demonstration programs to find
:* solutions to environmental problems which are of interest to the
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i
) Summary of Budget Authority,
Man-Years, and End-of-Year Employment.
„(•>,
L*'* 1973 x 1974 1975
A,% Research and Development U/
<*5 Budget Authority.......... $177,220,380 $168,916,000 $357,068,000
*' End-of-Year Employment.... 1,825 1,902 1,839
Man-Years........... 1,760 1,834 1,814
w-vV
•* Abatement and Control ,
Budget Authority... /216,088,957 . 256,093,900 257,976,000 ,
•T- Contract Authority 50,000,000^' 100,000,000£/ 150,000,000°-'
l, End-of-Year Employment.... 3,179 3,671 3,732
' Man-Years........... 3,263 3,330 3,592
-s
\ Enforcement
Budget Authority. ' 34,020,207 46,781,000 53,340,000
End-of-Year Employment 1,322 1,557 1,603
^ Man-Years.... 1,306 1,399 1,533
1 I
Agency and Regional
r\ Management
\ Budget Authority / 45,890,365 55,073,111 58,816,000
End-of-Year Employment 1,698 . 1,859 1,827
Man-Years........... 1,610 1,727 1,787
I
Construction Grants
Budget Authority 1,900,000,000, ...
* j Contract Authority 5,000,000,0003-' 4,000,000,000s/ f/
} End-of-Year Employment
Man-Years.... ,.
I Scientific Activities Over-
- ; seas
Budget Authority 4,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000
| End-of-Year Employment....
•-' I Man-Years ; ...
Operations, Research, and
Facilities
Budget Authority..........
End-of-Year Employment 53
Man-Years. 48 73
Revolving Fund
Budget Authority ... ...
End-of-Year Employment... 47 51 51
Man-Years........... 46 49 49
in
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;- i
1973 1974 1975
Trust Fund
Budget Authority , 4,600 15,000 159000
End-of-Year Employment.
Man-Years.... ... ...
Reimbursements!!/
Budget Authority.. ...
End-of-Year Employment... 137 146 135
Man-Years...... ..-.. 137 146 135
Advances and Allocations
Accounts
• Budget Authority.....
«- ' End-of-Year Employment... 9 17 16
Man-Years....... 9 17 16
. i
\ I Consolidated Working Fund
? Budget Authority
g*s End-of-Year Employment...
\ Man-Years 2
$-. $
Total, Environmental
! Protection Agency
Budget Authority 2,377,224,509 528,879,011 731,215,000
Contract Authority 5,050,000,000 4,100,000,000 150,000,000
End-of-Year Employment... 8,270 ' 9,203 9,203
Man-Years 8,181 8,575 8,926
' a/ Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management Grants. $50 million contract
authority authorized for 1973 was not used.
" I b/. Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management Grants. $100 million contract
; authority authorized for 1974, of which $25 million is expected to be
obligated.
c_/ Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management/Grants. $150 million contract
•^ authority authorized for 1975, of which $100 million is expected to be obligated,
':< d/ Includes $2 billion out of 1973 authority ($5 billion) and $3,:billion out of
jl 1974 authority ($6 billion).
i' e_/ Available from 1975 authority ($7 billion).
•N. *
f/ Determination not made as yet.
£/ Included in the President's Budget under Research and Development, Abatement
and Control, and Agency and Regional Management.
NOTE: End-of-year employment = permanent positions.
Man-years based on permanent employment.
IV
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Summary of Increase or Decrease
Man-Years and End-of-Year Employment
Increase or
1974 1975 Decrease
Research andDevelopment
End-of-Year Employment.... .... 1,902 1,839 -63
Man-Years ,.......,. 1,834 1,814 -20
Abatement and Control
End-of-Year Employment.. 3,671 3,732 +61
Man-Years......... 3,330 3,592 +262
Enforcement
End-of-Year Employment.. 1,557 1,603 +46
Man-Years......... 1,399 1,533 +134
Agency andRegional Management
End-of-Year Employment.... .... 1,859 1,827 -32
Man-Years... 1,727 1,787 +60
RevolvingFund
End-of-Year Employment..... 51 . 51 ...
Man-Years. 49 49
Operations,Research,and Facilities
End-of-YearEmployment............
Man-Years 73 ... -73
Reimbursements^/
End-of-Year Employment 145 135 -11
Man-Years...., , 146 135 -11
Advances and Allocations Accounts
End-of-Year Empl oyment. 17 16 -1
Man-Years 17 16 -1
Total
End-of-Year Employment. 9,203 9,203
Man-Years,...* 8,575 8,926 +351
a/ Included in the President's Budget under Research and Development, Abatement
and Controls and Agency and Regional Management.
NOTE: End-of-year employment = permanent positions.
Man-years based on permanent employment.
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
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Research and Development
Purpose
Research and development efforts are conducted through grants,
contracts, and agreements with universities, industries, other private
commerical firms, nonprofit organizations, State and local governments,
and other Federal agencies, as well as through EPA's laboratories.
These efforts are oriented toward producing the scientific
knowledge and the tools for regulating, preventing, and abating
pollution and are specifically directed to problems of air pollution
control, water pollution control, water supply protection, solid and
toxic waste management, pesticides control, radiation protection, noise
abatement, energy development and usage, and interdisciplinary studies.
Activities encompass research on the effects of pollutants on man, animal,
and aquatic life, plant materials, and the general environment; research
on processes such as dispersion that affect pollution; the development
of new and improved sampling and analytical methods and instruments for
measuring pollutants; and the development and demonstration of new and
improved technology for preventing and controlling pollution and recovery
of materials from wastes. Included with the research and development
program is the overall management and support of the program.
Budget Authority
Ai r
Water Quality
Water Supply
Solid Wastes
Pesticides.
Radiation
Noise
Interdisciplinary
Toxic Substances
Energy.
Program Management and
Support
1973
1974
1975
Total
$66,297,999
48,424,388
2,173,643
22,531,657
5,152,310
2,236,260
719,448
13,987,843
» . * •
..'.
15,646,832
177,220,380
$54,307,000
43,359,300
2,502,300
2,209,200
10,125,000
2,198,800
498,400
14,985,000
• • •
22,500,000
16,231,000
168,916,000
$64,387,100
40,990,000
4,518,200
5,014,000
10,747,300
2,732,500
512,600
15,495,800
2,000,000
191,000,000
19,662,500
357,068,000
ManpowerResources
End-of-Year Employment...
Man-Years
1,878
1,760
1,902
1,834
1,839
1,814
RD-1
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Air
SECTION TAB
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Research and Development
Air
Purpose^
The air research and development program encompasses (1) research
on the effects of air pollutants on man, animals, plants, materials,
and the general environment; (2) research on transport processes affecting
the dispersion of air pollution; (3) the development of new and improved
sampling and analytical methods; and (4) the development and demonstration
of new and improved technology for preventing and controlling air pollution.
The research on pollution processes and effects is directed toward
development of scientific information to establish adequately protective
but economically feasible air quality and emission standards. The research
and development of improved sampling and analytical methods and improved
control technology is directed toward providing the means for complying
with established standards and for anticipating and developing the
technology necessary to comply with standards which are likely to be
imposed in the future.
In short, the air research and development program is a "foundation"
program oriented toward producing the scientific knowledge and the tech-
nology necessary for regulating, abating, and preventing air pollution.
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects
Control Technology
1974
$30,441,800
.23,865,200
1975
$39,486,000
24,901.100
Total
End-pf - Year . Emp 1 oyment
Processes and Effects
Control Technology
54,307,000
318
126
328
124
Total
Man-Years , Total
444
426
452
434
Increase
or Decrease
+$9,044,200
+1,035.900
64,387,100 +10,080,100
+10
+8
+8
RD-2
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Summary of Increases and Decreases
" "•"" ; "'' L'"""""'Iim' "' ' ""'"'1JL'J~~1IUI;I111111™--IJ- '-"---1™-""1 -•""••"-'••L.-mrrmrrmnm.nnu,. .,-.---
1974 1975 Change
Processes and Effects $30.441.800 $39,486.000 +$9.044,200
—! ! ! ! ! — • !— — '
To expand both epidemic!ogical and toxicological studies of the health
consequences of exposure to air pollutants; to accelerate research on
the chemical and physical processes of atmospheric pollutants, their
mechanisms of transport and their environmental effectsj to accelerate
development of improved and standardized air measurement technologies;
and to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Control Technology 23,865,200 24.901,100 -H.035.900
Sulfur oxides control 7,655,300 8,672,300 +1,017,000
To accelerate studies on industrial and other nonutility sources of
SOx emissions and to provide for the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise.
Mobile sources control 7,189,300 7,194,600 +5,300
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Other control technology... 9,020,600 9,034,200 +13,600
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
KD-3
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Research and Development
Air
Processes and Effects
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Processes and effects $30,441,800 $39,486,000 +$9,044,200
Research on air processes and effects concerns the development of a
sound scientific base upon which to establish both primary and secondary
ambient and emission air quality standards. This is accomplished through
research in a number of program areas including: health effects which
involves both epidemiological and toxicological studies of the impact of
air pollutants on the health of both man and animals; ecological processes
and effects involving meterological research regarding pollutant transport
mechanisms, investigations of chemical and physical pollutant processes,
determination of the environmental impact of fuel, fuel additives and
catalytic reactor emissions and by assessing the environmental effects of
pollutants upon receptor plants and animals; and equipment and techniques
involving the development and imp-rarirement of methods and instrumentation
techniques for the measurement of air pollutants in ambient air and from
both mobile and stationary emission sources.
Purpose of Increase
- Expand and accelerate studies of the health effects of combustion
products and catalytic reactor emissions;
- Expand studies of chemical and physical processes of atmospheric
pollutants;
- Accelerate programs for the characterization of the combustion
products fuels, fuel additives and catalytic reactor emissions
and their environmental effects;
- Accelerate programs developing standardized methods and instrumentation
for determining compliance with air quality standards for those
pollutants for which a method of control has been selected or for
which control is being seriously considered; and
- To provide for t"he full -year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Completed position paper on Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter;
- Completed partial revision of "Air Quality Criteria for Sulfur
Oxides";
RD-H
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- Development and implementation of public safety assurance
program related to mobile source emissions control of non-
regulated pollutants; and
- Development and evaluation of first generation air quality
simulation models for urban areas, highways and power plants.
1975 Objectives
- Continue documentation of health intelligence for evaluation
of existing air quality criteria for carbon monoxidea nitrogen
oxides, sulfur oxides, photochemical oxidants, and hydrocarbons;
- Develop health intelligence for noncriteria pollutants-including
sulfatess acid aerosols, fine particulates, nitrates,, and
catalytic converter attrition products;
- Establish baseline for trend investigation of roadside levels
of sulfate and catalytic attrition products; and
- Determine potential adverse health effects of aerosol emissions
resulting from wastewater treatment.
ED-5
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Research and Development
Air
Control Technology
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Sulfur oxides control.......... $7S655S300 $8,672,300 +$1,017,000
The program encompasses the research* development, and demonstration
of new and improved methods for abating and controlling the emissions of
sulfur oxides from stationary sources. Approximately 75 percent of sulfur
oxide emissions originate from stationary sources. Consequently* the con-
trol of these emissions is essential to achieving compliance with current
ambient air quality standards for sulfur oxides.
To dates this activity has focused on the development of technology
for controlling emissions from utilities and other large emitters. Jn
the next several years, greater attention will be devoted to developing
technology for controlling emissions from urban and other industrial
sources of sulfur oxide.
Purpose of Increase
To accelerate initial studies dealing with industrial and other
nonutility sources of S0«; to commence studies of potentially dangerous
sulfate emissions from stationary sources; and to provide for the full-
year cost of the October 1973 pay raise*
Signi ificant 1974 Accomplisnments
- Continued development and demonstration of the fluidized gasification/
desulfurization of residual oil.
1975 Objectives
- Continue the adaption of flue gas cleaning technologies to the control
of sulfur oxide emissions from several industrial processes;
- Complete the last large-scale demonstration program for control of
emissions from utilities;
- Accelerate initial studies to deal with industrial and other major
nonutility sources of SOX. Commence work to deal with potentially
dangerous sulfate emissions from stationary sources; and
- Undertake a program to identify the major environmental impacts of
energy generation and conversion processes likely to be exploited
in meeting the current energy shortages and initiate appropriate air
pollution control technology development.
KD-6
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1974 1975 Change
Mobile sources control....... $7»189S300 $7,194,600 +$5S300
The current program consists of two major components'. (]) The
development ofoperational steam (Rankine cycle) and gas turbine (Brayton
cycle) systems for the propulsion of automobiles; and (2) the assessment
of alternative power plants and fuels for automotive transportation
systems that may have potential for improved fuel economy, emissions,
and noise character!sties, and the fostering of use and application of
such systems in the development of long-term national environmental
pollution control strategies.
The hardware development was initiated for the purpose of demonstra-
ting the achievability of the 1975-6 light duty vehicle emission
standards that are required by the Clean Air Act. There is still no
assurance that the conventional internal combustion engine will be able
to maintain the requisite wrissions characteristics when in consumer use
and there is no evidence that the auto industry will develop an
alternative to the unsatisfactory ICE» without the Federal program.
Technology assessment is being emphasized with respect to feasibility of
concepts that may have been dismissed by the auto industry and to provide
a sound analytic base in support of regulatory actions. Strategies
development support the development of regulatory strategies that will
assure the achievement of environmental goals with minimum adverse impacts
on-energy supplies, personal mobility, and other social and economic
factors related to transportation systems.
PurposeofIncrease
- To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Slgjijf jcant 1974 Accomplishments
- Demonstration of the statutory 1975 standards by the EPA/Chrysler
gas turbine in a 1973 Plymouth;
- Completion of system tests of three versions of the Rankine cycle
engines on dynamometers; and
- Completion of feasibility studies on use of alternative fuels for
automobiles and trucks,
1975 Objectives
- Continued development of operational steam (Rankine cycle) and gas
turbine (Brayton cycle) systems for the propulsion of automobiles;
- Completion of impact study on feasibility of electric-powered vehicles
in urban areas; and
- Completion of impact studies on feasibility of use of various
alternative fuels.
RD-7
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1974 1975 Change
Other control technology.... $9,020,600 $9,034,200 ^+$13,600
This activity encompasses the research, development, and demonstra-
tion of new and improved technology for the control of particulates,
nitrogen oxides, hazardous substances, and other air pollutants (except
sulfur oxides) from stationary sources. Fine particulate control tech-
nology development is an especially important requirement for meeting
EPA's standard setting schedule. Technology for NOX control will also
need to be developed more quickly in view of the advent of relaxed
standards for automotive sources. These efforts are supportive of and
essential to the development and enforcement of National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Pollutants, New Source Performance Standards,
and National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Purpose of Increase
- To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Signlficant 1974 Accompli shments
- Completed a majority of the field tests on several utility and
industrial boilers to develop basic information for establishing
control over nitrogen oxides;
- Developed a standard collection and measuring device essential
for further work in pursuing fine particulate control;
- Completed major portions of conventional particulate collection
device characterization program; and
- Commenced work on technology to enhance ability to control
asbestos and mercury for selected key sources.
1975 Objectives
- Continue the development of novel collection devices for fine
particulate control and identify and begin development of methods
to improve collection efficiencies of conventional equipment for
controlling fine particulates;
- Extend the effort to determine the capabilities of conventional
equipment to control the emission of the fine particulates from
specific industrial sources;
- Continue to identify major sources of hydrocarbon emissions and
conduct pilot investigations and pursue development work necessary
to control these sources; and
- Continue field testing and commence demonstrations of NOX control
technology for industrial and commercial sources and initiate
combustion modification work to achieve control over selected
industrial combustion sources.
RD-8
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Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Water Quality
Purpose
l! The water quality research and development program embodies: (1) health
effects research dealing with the development of valid criteria for the
safe treatment and disposal of effluents and sludges from municipal and
• industrial wastewater treatment plants; (2) research on the effects of
water pollutants on aquatic life and on the chemical and physical quality of
water bodies or basins in relation to their intended use; (3) research
" on the movement, transformation, and fate of water pollutants; (4) the development
of new and improved sampling and analytical methods and instrumentation
of measuring water quality and effluents; and (5) the development of
new and improved technology for abating and preventing water pollution.
The effects and processes research is oriented toward development of
water quality standards. The analytical methods and instrumentation
development is directed toward providing new and improved techniques
, for water quality and effluent monitoring and surveillance of standards
) compliance. The purpose of the control technology program is to improve
existing processes and to develop new and more effective and economical
methods of wastewater treatment. These programs will demonstrate best-
available and closed-loop systems and will serve as a sound technical
basis for the establishment and enforcement of effluent guidelines and
water quality standards. Like the air research and development program,
this is a "foundation" program providing the scientific knowledge and the
technology for carrying out an effective national water pollution control
program.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
; Processes and Effects.. $18,462,600 $18,391,400 -$71,200
Control Technology..... 24.896,700 22,606,600 -2.290,100
Total 43,359,300 40,998,000 -2,361,300
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects.. 352 324 -28
Control Technology 283 262 -21
fl Total 635 586 -49
e,v»
Man-Years. Total......... 636 592 -44
KD-9
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Summary of Increases and Decreases
( f \
t -f,
Processes and Effects
Health effects.
1974
$18,462^600
31,600
1975
$18,391,400
1.131.900
Change
-$71 ,200
+1,100,300
To develop the necessary health related information to support the
establishment of valid criteria for the safe treatment and disposal
of municipal and industrial wastewater effluents and sludges and
to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Other processes and effects. 18,431,000 17,259,500 -1,171,500
A decrease to accommodate a substantial expansion and acceleration of
the Agency programs in health effects research not only in the water
quality area but also in numerous other media including Air, Water
Supply, Pesticides and Radiation. An increase is included to provide
for the full-year cost of the 1973 pay raise.
Control technology.......... 24,896,700 22,606,600 -2,290,100
A decrease to accommodate the expansion and acceleration of other
Agency programs in health effects research. An increase is included
to provide for the full-year costs of.the 1973 pay raise.
RD-10
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Research and Development
Water Quality
;1; Processes and Effects
''-"I
Justification
?!"*..
| ^
- 1974 1975 Change
Health effects..... $31S600 $1,131,900 -f$ls!00s300
The goal of the water quality health effects program is to develop
scientifically sound and valid criteria for the safe treatment and
disposal of effluents and sludges from municipal and industrial
wastewater treatment plants. Current knowledge on the transmission
of diseases through mechanisms of transport from wastewater treatment
; plants and spray irrigation are inadequate. Adverse health effects
can result from the use of wastewater effluents and sludges on
agricultural land (e.g. pathogen transport or heavy metals concentration
in soils, crops, or groundwater).
(
t
Purpose of Increase
To initiate a program to determine the potential hazards to human
health associated with land treatment and disposal of wastewater
effluents and sludges and to provide for the full-year cost of the
October 1973 pay raise.
1975 Objectives
- Identification of potential contaminants and/or pathogens resulting
from the land treatment and disposal of wastewater effluents and
sludges and determination of their transport pathways.
Other processes and effects. 189431S000 17,259,500 -1,171,500
EPA has over the past few years been deeply involved in research to
provide data and pertinent information for the establishment of water
quality criteria that will provide a sound scientific basis for setting
standards for such water uses as public water supply, recreation, fish
^ and wildlife propagation* agricultural supply» and industrial purposes,
^ Indepth studies have been carried out to determine the effects of physicals
chemicals biological9 microbiological, pesticidal, and radiological
*5 pollutants on water uses. Related to the effects of various pollutants
-:] in water are questions concerning the types, movement, and ultimate fate
of pollutants in fresh surface, ground, marine, and large lake waters.
} Serious deficiencies exist in techniques for tracing pollutants and how
i they interact within total aquatic ecosystems. This information is
' needed to relate the concentration and form of pollutants to the size,
character, composition, and location of their sources in order to establish
! effective water quality standards, treatment, and control requirements*
KD-ll
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Purpose of Decrease
To allow a substantial expansion and acceleration in health effects
research programs in numerous other media including Air9- Water Supply,
Pesticides and Radiation. This decrease is offset by an increase to
provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974
- Published a comprehensive report on Thermal Pollution (as required
by P.L. 92-500 Sect. 104(t));
- Published reports on photochemical degradation of organo-mercury
compounds in aqueous systems;
- Initiated evaluation of the restoration of a eutrophic lake by
advanced waste treatment of primary nutrient input;
- Issued report describing alternative lake restoration methods
and evaluating results of documented applications;
- Determined effects of waste oil on reproduction and survival of
selected freshwater fish species;
- Developed marine water quality information for inclusion in EPA
Water Quality Criteria published in 1974; and
- Completed assessment of groundwater pollution problems in
Northwestern states.
1975 Objectives
- Initiate investigation of the effect of asbestos on aquatic life;
- Complete Upper Great Lakes Study and issue report;
- Complete report on water quality status of Lake Erie;
- Develop predictive model for eutrophic lakes restored by advanced
waste treatment;
- Determination of important reactions, metabolites, and kinetic
factors associated with microbial degradation of pesticides in
aquatic systems and sediments;
- Determination of water quality effects of cooling tower brines
and blowdown, and effects on atmospheric and aquatic systems of
plumes, mists, and stack effluents from cooling towers;
- Assess groundwater pollution problems of southeastern and North
Central states; and
- Complete Estuarine Research section of the National Estuarine
Study as required by P.L. 92-500, Sect. 104 (n).
KD-12
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:
Research and Development
Water Quality
Control Technology
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Control technology. . , . $24,896,700 $22,606,600 -$2,290,100
This activity covers the research? development, and demonstration
of new and improved technology to treat wastewaters and to control water
pollution from urban and rural population, industrial, agricultural,
mining, construction, spills, and other sources. Pertinent technical
areas include the development of unit processes and systems to remove
organic and other pollutants from sewage and the control and treatment
of wastewaters from urban systems carrying storm water and sewage (combined
sewers) and urban storm water discharges. This research is in direct
support of the Agency's multibillion dollar grants program for construction
of public wastewater treatment works. The industrial water pollution
control technology program is aimed towards improving industrial waste-
water treatment practices. It provides the primary data base for the
establishment of economically and technically feasible effluent guidelines,
and treatment parameters for liquid waste discharges permits. The water
pollution control technology research program relating to mining, agri-
cultural, and other sources includes: the development and verification
of analytical/predictive methods to assess the magnitude and character of
these sources; demonstration and documentation of the effectiveness, cost
and range of applicability of currently available pollution control
options; and the development and demonstration of new, cost-effective
systems.
Purpose of Decrease
To allow a substantial expansion and acceleration in the health
effects research programs in numerous other media including
Air, Water Supply, Pesticides and Radiation. The decrease is
offset by an increase to provide for the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Placed into operation and initiated evaluations of central
community demonstration facilities for safe water supply and
wastewater control for use in native villages in Alaska;
- Initiated evaluation of the first U.S. full-scale municipal
physical-chemical wastewater treatment works;
- Completed demonstration of powdered activated carbon use in
municipal wastewater treatment, thereby offering the potential
for reduction in capital and operating cost over currently used
activated carbon treatment processes;
RD-13
-------
- Completed full-scale demonstration of a storage-flow
equalization-treatment concept for application to combined
sewer overflows achieving "secondary" treatment;
~ Completed, in cooperation with the Department of Interior,
the development and verification of a model for predicting
the effects of irrigation practices on water quality and
the salinity reduction resulting from irrigation control
procedures;
- Completed the development of a technique for predicting the
pollution potential of mining overburden material, thereby
allowing the surface extraction of coal to be conducted with
minimum acid drainage;
- Demonstrated removal of kraft mill color waste from wastewater
by ultrafiltration;
- Demonstrated a closed water cycle system for treating spent
hydrochloric acid pickle liquor in the steel industry;
;( - Demonstrated use of sludges from a citrus wastewater treatment
? plant as supplemental poultry feed;
- Demonstrated a closed water cycle for fiberglass textile
production; and
- Published a user's manual describing currently available methods
for managing beef feedlots with minimal environmental degradation.
1975 Objectives
- Complete guidelines for application of municipal wastewater
effluents and sludges to the land;
- Initiate evaluation of feasibility for joint sludge/refuse
processing and utilization;
- Complete a comparative and comprehensive national assessment of
pollutant discharge from nonpoint pollution sources which
includes compilation and evaluation of readily usable methods
,; , for estimating discharges from nonpoint sources and land-use
, i patterns;
r? - Develops in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture, and
|; I publish a user's manual describing farm practices for keeping
!' * runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from cropland to a minimum;
- Complete a nationwide characterization and evaluation of impact
I of pollution from storm water discharges and nonsewered urban
runoff;
-------
Complete demonstration of a closed water cycle in a neutral
sulflte semichemical pulp mill using reverse osmosis;
Complete demonstration of protein recovery from meat packing
wastewater effluents; and
Complete the evaluation of demonstration of alternative waste-
water disinfection techniques, including chlorine, ozone, and
bromine chloride.
RD-15
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Water Supply
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Water Supply
Purpose
The water supply research and development program provides for research
on the effects of water quality on human health and the development of
analytical methods for assessing the quality of drinking water and
development of water treatment methods for undesirable contaminants of water
supplies for which current methods are ineffective. The objective of
the program is to provide scientific knowledge necessary for establishing
standards for organic, inorganic, and microbiological contaminants of
drinking water and to develop the technology needed to economically attain
the drinking water standards.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects $1,902,400 $3,114,100 +$1,211,700
Control Technology......... 599.900 1.404.100 +804,200
Total 2,502,300 4,518,200 +2,015,900
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects 55 54 -1
Control Technology. „ 20 20 ...
Total 75 74 -1
Man-Years. Total.. 74 72 -2
RP-16
-------
\ Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
) Processes and Effects $1,902,400 $3.114,100 +$1,211,700
I Increase to Initiate program on the health effects of asbestos in
I drinking water and on the occurrence and health effects of organics
in drinking water and to provide for the full-year cost of the
October 1973 pay raise.
!
Control Technology 599.900 1,404,100 +804,200
j Increase to expand efforts to determine the influence of either
S deliberate or inadvertant reuse of municipal wastewaters and to
develop technology to integrate or eliminate adverse impacts and to
provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
RD-17
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Research and Development
Water Supply
Processes and Effects
Justification
_ ; _
1974 1975 Change
Health effects....*.., $1,902,400 $35114,100 +$1,211,700
The water supply research and development program provides for research
on the effects of water quality on human health and the development of
analytical methods for assessing the quality of drinking water. The
primary objective of the water supply health effects program is to
develop valid criteria for setting water quality standards for drinking
and recreational use.
Purpose ofIncrease
"
To provide, as rapidly as possible, adequate health effects data to
strengthen the scientific basis of the proposed EPA's Drinking Water
Standards. Expand present work to include long-term toxicity testing and
epidemic!ogica] studies. Broaden the current research program to include
contaminants that are not on the proposed Drinking Water Standards list
and that are of potential health significance. The increase also provides
for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Signi ficant 1974 Accomplishments
- Successful use of reverse osmosis to isolate organics from tap water;
- Completed work on the effects of methyl mercury on central nervous
system of animalsi
- Initiated a cooperative study with the National Institute of Heart
and Lung Disease to correlate drinking water quality and diseases;
" Completed a 10-year review of waterborne disease outbreaks; and
- Completed report on virus occurrence in water supplies.
1975 Objectives
- Strengthen the scientific basis for the proposed Drinking Water
Standards relating to arsenic, barium, chromium., organics, and
selenium;
BD-18
-------
- Initiate a cooperative program with HEW on the health effects of
asbestos in drinking water;
- Review and determine the causes of waterborne disease outbreaks; ;
- Broaden the current research program to cover new contaminants,(antimony,
cobalt, silicates, thallium, tin, vanadium), including chronic effects
and epidemiologic studies, for possible future inclusion in the
Drinking Water Standards list;
- Expand efforts to determine the relationship, if any, between water
quality and chronic diseases (e.g. soft water and cardio-vascular
diseases); and
- Expand efforts to determine the health effects associated with
consumption of renovated water.
ED-19
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Research and Development
Water Supply
Control Technology
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Control technology............ $599S900 $1,404,100 +$804,200
The purpose of the water supply control technology program is to
evaluate, improve., and develop the control technology necessary to attain
the standards for drinking and recreational water. This involves both the
adaptation of large-scale technology to small water supply systems and
the development of new or special technologies.
Purpose of Increase
To expand efforts to determine the influence of either deliberate or
inadvertent reuse of municipal wastewater and the development of
technologies to eliminate adverse impacts of water reuse. The increase
also provides for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Development of a miniaturized sampler and an improved carbon
extraction procedure for the determination of the general organic
content of drinking water;
- Improvement of the water treatment processes for the removal of
mercury, barium, selenium, and arsenic! and ^
- Development of a monitor to measure fluoride, chloride, chlorine residuals,
cadmium, lead, and copper.
1975 Objectives
- Develop the technology needed to economically attain the drinking
water standards for large as well as small water supply systems;
- Continue development of removal methods for asbestos, trace organics,
nitrate, traces metals, and suspended solids; and
- Develop adequate disinfection techniques for the control of infectious
agents (virus, bacteria) in large as well as small water supply
systems and develop alternative methods to chlorine disinfection.
RD-20
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Solid Wastes
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Solid Wastes
Pjurjjpse
EPA's research and development efforts in the solid waste area
over the past few years have been directed toward the development of
improved solid waste management and disposal technology and resource
recovery technology. The benefits from this effort are and will be
realized in the form of a reasonable array of technologies which will
enable local agencies to effectively and economically handle their
solid waste problems. In additions the solid waste research and
development program will be oriented toward attacking critical problems
of toxic and hazardous solid wastes. These are problems of high priority
that can best be dealt with at the Federal level in determining and
evaluating the adverse health and environmental effects of unacceptable
hazardous waste disposal practices.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects... $336,200 $636,700 +$300,500
Control Technology. ..... 1,873,000 4.377,300 +2,504,300
Total... ............ 2,209,200 5,014,000 +2,804,800
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects ... 2 2
Control Technology ...... 19 _ 19
Total ................ ,21 21
Man-Years, Total . .......... 32 21 -11
RD-21
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Summary of Increases and Decreases
(% ~ ! '
17 1974 1975 Change
«?:, Processesand Effects $336,200 $636,700 +$300,500
^, ' - . ... .. ' . - -
I
!"v To expand and accelerate research programs dealing with the
environmental effects, the health effects, and pollutant transport
" ~T mechanisms involved in the disposal of hazardous solid wastes,
, / and to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise,
Control Technology 1,873,000 4,377,300 +2,504,300
To expand and accelerate the development of safe disposal methods
f~., for toxic and hazardous wastes and for technology development for
resource recovery systems, and to provide for the full-year cost of
^- the October 1973 pay raise.
KD-22
-------
V)
Research and Development
Solid Wastes
Processes and Effects
Ougtjf icatlon.
'12Zi 1975 Change
Processes and effects......... $336,200 $636,700 +$300,500
This program encompasses identification and evaluation of potentially
toxic and pathogenic products of solid wastes incineration, landfill ing
and recycling operations, and the assessment: of their public health
impact. Research investigation of the pathogenic contamination of
groundwater by toxic solid waste leachates, the hazards of sludge and
solid waste incineration and the movement of viruses and pathogenics
from disposal sites will lay the scientific foundation for the development
of standards to protect the public health.
The program also involves the evaluation of deep well disposal
of toxic materials, the study of groundwater contamination from
sanitary landfill operations, and the study of the fate, in soils
and groundwaters, of heavy metals and other hazardous materials
from sludge and industrial waste by-products.
This research will add to the base of knowledge necessary to support
standards relating to the toxic and hazardous impact of solid wastes
upon the general public.
Purpose of Increase
To accelerate research dealing with the environmental and health effects
and transport mechanisms involved in hazardous waste disposal and to
provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Si gn i fi cant 1974 Accompli shments
- Completed research leading to a Report to Congress on National Disposal
Sites;
- Initiated health and environmental research in support of a regulatory
program for hazardous waste disposal;
- Investigated environmental effects associated with hazardous waste
disposal in salt mines and deep well;
- Provided chain-of-evidence data in form of soil migration studies
and case history analysis to support regulatory program;
RD-23
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„,,., - Provided assessments and interpretations of effects data on eleven
£$ substances (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead,
ft>f- mercury, selenium, zinc, beryllium, and asbestos);
^f|4 - Provided detailed substantive analysis of data in a form that could
I I be used to justify standards for five of these substances (arsenic,
cadmium, cyanide,, lead, and mercury); and
• \
*j - Examined soil transport mechanisms of waste streams containing these
substances, and provided assessments of potential and actual damages
to humans or other living organisms by contamination of ground water.
^
'It 1975 Objectives
*-*! - Continue to provide assessments of effects data, expanding the list
!| of substances;
- Analyze data and place in a form suitable to justify standards;
- Examine soil transport mechanisms, expanding the number of waste
streams to be examined;
,» - Continue and accelerate effects and transport mechanisms research
in support of regulatory program for hazardous waste disposal;
- Provide interim assessment on dangers associated with hospital
and health care waste disposal practices;
- Complete research on environmental effects of sanitary landfill
effluents; and
- Investigate environmental protection obtained with landfill liners,
encapsulation, and chemical fixation of hazardous wastes.
RD-2U
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Research and Development
Solid Wastes
Control Technology
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Control technology, ,...,,....$1*873,000 $4,377,300 +$2,504,300
This program involves the development of control techniques and
technology for the safe disposal of toxic and hazardous solid wastes. This
effort will support the setting of meaningful and comprehensive standards
and regulations and will provide the means for evaluating and fostering
improvement of disposal practices for toxic and hazardous solid wastes.
Initial emphasis will center on disposal techniques for materials
exhibiting known hazardous effects, and control and disposal techniques to
augment new and ongoing effects research.
Purpose of Increase
To expand and accelerate the development of safe disposal methods for
toxic and hazardous wastes; to stimulate private sector investment in the
development of technology for resource recovery; and to provide for the
full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant i974;_Acc_Qmp1ishments
- Developed standard methods for physical, chemical and micro-biological
testing of solid wastes;
- Evaluated various leachate treatment processes;
- Determined metal corrosion effects from incineration of plastics;
- Defined and determined hazardous waste materials with profile reports
describing current acceptable disposal technology;
- Developed classification system for industrial waste effluents;
- Determined solid waste generation in the industrial chemical sector,
the effect of process change, the potential for resources recovery,
and the cost of improved disposal; and
- Completed an evaluation of the ability of control technology associated
with deep well (disposal and abandoned mines to isolate toxic, hazardous
wastes from aquifiers.
KD-25
-------
1975 Objectives
- Develop disposal methods for hazardous materials and processing residues;
- Develop biological and chemical detoxification processes;
- Investigate disposal options and resultant pollution levels (wet oxidation,
fluidized bed incinerators, irradiation, molten salt technology);
- Investigate stabilization of toxie materials such as the stabilization
of arsenical? by polymerization; and
- Identify control levels and disposal techniques for known toxic and
hazardous materials to facilitate development of meaningful and
supportable regulations.
KD-26
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Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
t- if
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1?74 1975 Change
Processes and Effects $10.125,000 $10.747,300 +$*??,?QQ
To expand and accelerate programs dealing with the health effects of
pesticides to support the development of improved criteria for their
regulation, and to provide for the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise.
RD-28
-------
Research and Development
Pesticides
Processes and Effects
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Processes and effects........ $10,125,000 $10,747,300 +$622,300
The research program on the effects of pesticides and their metabolites
on human health and animal and aquatic life is essential for the support of
EPA's pesticide regulatory programs including: pesticide label registra-
tion, residue tolerance setting, and technical assistance to State, local,
and other Federal agencies. Far too little is known about the toxic
hazards of most pesticide chemicals both before and after their application.
Much needs to be learned about the long and short term environmental effects
of pesticides as well as the health effects to pesticide equipment operators
and to crop workers who come into contact with foliage sprayed with pesticide
chemicals. More needs to be known about the hazards of improper disposal of
pesticide containers and waste chemicals. Finally, alternative methods
of pest control must be developed and evaluated to permit a wide availability
of new strategies of control involving minimum ecological and environmental
and health hazards.
Purpose -of Increase
To accelerate pesticides health effects research and to cover the full-year
cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Provided basis for comparison of the effects of the many pesticidal
compounds which EPA must regulate;
- Formulated early strategy for integrated control of insect pests; and
- Initiated substitute chemical program to develop substitute chemicals
or methods of pest control for chemicals found to be hazardous to man or
the environment.
1975 Objectives
- Develop and refine industrial safety evaluation protocols required by
EPA for pesticide registration;
- Develop methodology to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of
carbamates and organo-phosphorus pesticides;
KD-29
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Initiate inhalation toxicology studies to assess the significance of
respiratory versus dermal exposures to people handling pesticides;
Develop human exposure data relating to the safe handling of pesticides
(storage, spillage, and disposal) with special emphasis on application
to crops and re-entry into sprayed fields;
Perform toxicology studies to indirect support of the regulatory
activities of EPA's Pesticide Program Office;
Develop more sensitive indicators of human exposure to toxic pesticides,
emphasizing crop workers and people living near areas sprayed with
chemicals;
Continue development and evaluation of alternative methods of pest control
to minimize or possibly eliminate the use of some pesticides by the
strategic use of natural pest enemies, pathogens and diseases, genetic
modifications, and insect hormone chemicals; and
Continue Substitute Chemical Program and expand number of chemicals
under review.
RD-30
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Radiation
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Radiation
Purpose
The radiation research and development program supports research
on the health effects of human exposure to both ionizing and nonionizing
radiation. This work is carried out in support of EPA's radiation
standards setting programs.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects ..... $2.198,800 $2,732,500 +$533.700
—- ^-J.— r ~*- -r- '-.J--. ...J. — - — - --jj.-.-..^ -».--... ^ L—.^-T-,-.,-n..-u^-1— ,,..._... _.. _.
Total ........... ....... 2,198,800 2,732,500 +533,700
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects..... 82 73
Total .................. 82 73 -9
Man-years, Total. ........... 78 76 -2
BD-31
-------
Res
Pi
Summary of Increases and Decreases
Processes and Effects
1974
1975
$2,198,800 $2,732,500 +$5'
Processes and effects.* ,.|
The radiation res|
the health effects of | rm|
radiation. This work | c4
setting programs.
The rapid increase n
ipplications of nuclear ne
)owerful transmitting a
>f the population to* so; 'ce>
The major uncertaii
lealth effects of chron «.,
/hich is set on the bas1 o$
"he mechanism of interai ini
itood to verify the curi
'urpose of Increase
To allow for an exf ,i3!
adiation, emphasizing g Fed
nd to provide for the 1 '"•'
ignificant 1974 Accompl s
Demonstrated harmfu
approaching recomm^
population, and
Demonstrated produq
by microwave radiat
shrj
To expand and accelerate the radiation health effects researc
program and to provide for the full-year cost of the October
pay raise.
m.
-------
: ' 1975 Objectives
, ,j - Initiate the evaluation of the toxicological significance of
[ i non-thermal effects of electromagnetic (nonionizing) radiation;
- Study tissue distribution of 85-Krypton;
I'vl"
\m
Cf - Determine effects of tritiated water ingestion on subsequent
generations in animals; and
n
"5 - Assess physiological and genetic effects of nonionizing radiation,
-------
Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Noise
K'ul
Purpose
The noise research and development effort concentrates on
coordinating the research programs of all Federal agencies as mandated
by Congress, in order to expand and improve the scientific/technological
base in critical areas related to EPA's responsibilities under the Noise
Control Act of 1972. In support of EPA's responsibilities related to the
standard setting and enforcement role of the Agency, effects research is
needed to develop criteria which Congress has stated will be the basis for
setting any noise emission standards. There are numerous gaps in knowledge
and extensive areas of technical and scientific disagreements that require
a continuing research effort. The early development and implementation of
the required research coordination program will substantially resolve these
problems.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
budget Authority
Processes and Effects $375,600 $375,900 +$300
Control Technology.., 122,800 136,700 +13.900
Total 498,400 512,600 +14,200
End-of-Year Emplpymen t
Processes and Effects 1 1
Control Technology... 2 2 .._._
Total 3 3 ...
Man-Years, Total...... 23+1
KD-35
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Processes and Effects $375,600 $375.900 +$300
To provide for the full-year costs of the October 1973 pay raise.
Control Technology 122.800 136,700 +13.900
To provide for the full-year costs of the October 1973 pay raise
and for the full-year employment cost of new positions filled in
1974.
RD-36
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Research and Development
Noise
Processes and Effects
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Processes and effects,...... $375,600 $375,900 +$300
The noise research and development effort includes coordination of
the research programs of all Federal agencies as mandated by Congress,
in order to expand and improve the scientific/technological base in
critical areas related to EPA's responsibilities under the Noise Control
Act of 1972. In support of EPA's responsibilities related to the standard
setting and enforcement role of the Agency, health effects research is
needed to develop and improve criteria which Congress has stated will be
the basis for setting any noise emission standards. There are numerous
gaps in knowledge and extensive areas of technical and scientific
disagreements that require a continuing research effort. The early
development and implementation of the required research coordination program
and health effects research will substantially resolve these problems.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Collected data on environmental noise levels, effects on hearing from
long-term noise exposure and from vibration; initiated work on non-
auditory system adaptation effects to noise.
1975 Objectives
- Continue studies to establish data base of environmental noise levels
on humans, determine effects from long-term repetitive noise on non-
auditory system adaptation and effects on hearing from long-term poise
exposure.
RD-37
-------
, *!
!tj
Research and Development
Noise
Control Technology
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Control technology.. ,... $122,800 $136,700 +$13,900
The Noise Control Act of 1972 requires that EPA coordinate the noise
research programs of all Federal agencies. Presently, the noise research
programs of other Federal agencies (approximately 25 components) encompass
annual expenditures of $60-$70 million with 80-90 percent Qf these efforts
being devoted to the development of equipment and technology to suppress
and control noise. EPA envisions that this coordination activity can
optimize the use of these Federal noise research resources by eliminating
unnecessary duplication of activities and influencing the overall direction
of Federal noise research. The Noise Control Act also requires EPA to
prepare periodic reports on the status and progress of the noise research
activities of Federal agencies. The EPA noise technology research program
is, in part, devoted to meeting these requirements.
The Act requires EPA to identify major,noise sources and technology for
controlling them, and establish and review noise emission standards for
those and other specified sources. To support these activitiess an assessment
of the current state-of-the-art of noise control technology is required and
further research and development of improved technology is needed. Through
its Federal research coordination activity, EPA expects to obtain much of the
desired technology and to identify technology needed to support these activities
but not available through ongoing research. From the identification of these
unfulfilled needs* EPA will develop a National Noise Research Program which
will include and complement the noise research of other Federal agencies.
The remainder of EPA's noise technology research program is directed toward
these objectives.
Purpose ojf Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise and to
provide for full-year employment costs of new positions filled in 1974.
Signi fi cant 1974 Accomp1i shments
-Developed and initiated a program to coordinate the noise research
activities of Federal agencies, and
-Completed a report on the status and progress of federally supported noise
research programs, used as input to the report to the President and
Congress on all Federal noise activities.
RD-38
-------
1975 Objectives
- Continue to coordinate Federal noise research programs;
- Develop a National Noise Research Program to fulfill noise control
technology needs; and
- Prepare report assessing the status and progress of Federal noise
research programs.
RD-39
-------
Interdisciplinary
SECTION TAB
-------
^ <•
*
Research and Development
Interdisciplinary
Purpose
The interdisciplinary research and development program embodies
those research activities which cut across media and categorical lines
to provide solutions to multimedia problems. This program includes
sociological, ecological, and economics research; technology forecasting;
technology transfer; monitoring; quality control; and basic research on
the effects of long-term, low dose exposures to toxic materials, these
activities are focused on providing the basic information and analytical
tools necessary for developing effective, comprehensive environmental
protection strategies.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority -~— ,- .
Processes and Effects $13,837,100 $14,345,300 +$508,200
Control Technology. 1.147,900 1,150,500 +2.600
Total ,. 14,985,000 15,495,800 +510,800
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects 257 250 -7
Control Technology... :_11 11 v/_
Total .... 268 261 -7
Man-Years, Total 236 255 +19
$ s
11
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 ' Change
• ' '
Processes and Effects $13.837,100 $14.345.300 +$508,200
„, :„ , , M
To provide for an expansion and acceleration of the Environmental
Protection Agency quality assurance and laboratory certification program
and to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Control Technology 1,147.900 1.150.500 +2.600
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
-------
Research and Development
Interdisciplinary
Processes and Effects
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Processes and effects.. .$13,837,100 $14,345,300 +$508,200
The components of this program can be classified within six main areas:
(1) Socio-economic research; (2) Minority Institutions Research .Support;
(3) Monitoring; (4) the National Center for lexicological Research;
(5) Program Integration; and (6) the Science Advisory Board,
The core of EPA's role in combating environmental pollution and in
achieving realistic levels of environmental quality is the development of
standards, regulations, and appropriate abatement strategies. Socio-economic
research provides capabilities for developing cost/benefit methodologies
and performing benefit analyses needed for properly specifying these standards,
regulations, and control strategies. As more highly technical standards
and complex regulations are issued by EPA, the task of determining the
appropriate set of emissions and ambient qualities to optimize total
environmental quality becomes more difficult. Both the costs and benefits
of alternate strategies and the least-cost options for implementing optimum
strategies are significant ingredients in the EPA development of environmental
control programs designed to use national resources for pollution abatement
most efficiently. The limited in-depth work initiated to utilize a systems
approach in evaluating the environmental and ecological impacts of pollution
needs to be continued. Similarly, continuing consideration needs to be
given to the impact of future environmental technological development. We
need to ensure that economically efficient and cost-effective nonpolluting
technological developments are forwarded. Socio-economic research is also
concerned with three other broad areas of inquiry: modeling and methodology
development, environmental management research, and comprehensive
environmental planning. These activities are seen as being related in that
models and other methodology are developed to be used, along with other
techniques, in the comprehensive planning process to achieve effective
environmental management. Therefore, the research conducted in this area
is highly complex and comprehensive. The program aims at understanding
and evaluating the totality of society's effects on the environment in order
to be able to predict future environmental impacts.
A program of research grants to minority institutions in the area
of environmental research is conducted by EPA. Grants are awarded to these
institutions in an attempt to upgrade their capability to conduct effective
research in environmental quality control.
ED-k2
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The Office of Monitoring Systems has the responsibility for
development and demonstration of new monitoring methods and' instrumentation
and improved technical data and information systems as required to satisfy
Agency monitoring data needs in the most effective manner. It also has
responsibility for the implementation and operation of an Agencywide
quality assurance program to maintain uniform, scientifically-sufficient
analytical methods and assure and document the satisfactory use of those
methods throughout EPA's numerous laboratories. It is also responsible for
the conduct of a nationwide survey of the status of lake eutrophication and
identification of those lakes that can be feasibly restored. In addition, it
has responsibility for the review and concurrence in all budgetary and planning
actions involving monitoring in the Agency that require Headquarters
approval. It also provides technical assistance in the remote sensing and
conventional monitoring areas.
The National Center for Toxicological Research is being funded jointly
by the Food and Drug Administration and EPA as a national facility to study
the long-term effects of low doses of chemical toxicants. Past research
efforts associated with chemical toxicants and their effects on man and the
environment have been oriented toward investigation of highly concentrated
doses. Concern has arisen in the scientific community regarding the
possibility that much more severe damage to man and the environment may
be occurring through low dose exposure to chemical toxicants over a long
period of time. Research must be undertaken to evaluate such cumulative,
low dosage effects.
The Office of Program Integration was established to assure that
research and engineering strategies and programs provide maximum
responsiveness to Agency goals. This activity also involves the
coordination and development of multiarea policy and strategy studies,
the coordination and preparation of reports on criteria, guidelines, and
standards, as well as reviewing the responsiveness of the Office of Research
and Development to Agency components responsible for approving criteria,
guidelines, regulations, standards, and the preparation of other special
reports.
The Science Advisory Board was established to provide a strong and
direct link between EPA's Administrator and the general scientific community.
The Science Advisory Board functions to provide independent reviews and
to render advice on EPA's major scientific programs and to perform special
tasks and program review assignments for EPA. This Board also provides
advice on broad scientific and policy matters, makes recommendations
concerning needed research and development activities and, in general,
provides advice on new emerging environmental problems and assesses the results
of specific research efforts to solve these problems.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for an expansion of the existing EPA quality assurance and
laboratory certification program in the monitoring area and to provide for
the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise*
-------
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
Research:
- Complete estimation of residuals relating to energy production fuel
cycles;
- Complete preparation of congressional report on cost benefit analysis
techniques relating to water pollution control practices;
- Completed study of economic implications of SOX control through
emissions taxes;
- Explained use of expanded crop insurance and pest information services
to reduce pesticide application rate;
- Completed a series of studies on alternative ways of financing water
pollution control;
- Completed interim program report, Northern Great Plains Research
Project; and
- Completed interim water management plan and evaluation of its
environmental impact, Atchafalaya Basin.
- Develop a working model of regional population and economic growth to
aid in the estimation of the environmental consequences of alternative
regional development policies;
- Demonstrate practical alternative programs for smaller communities
in planning land use, transportation and economic growth policies
in the interest of environmental protection and the enhancement of
quality of life;
- Evaluate approaches for measuring and analyzing the capacity of regional
environments to "absorb" or "support" activities in such areas as
resource use, land development, waste disposal, transportation, and
wildlife and watershed management; and
o ^
- Analyze the relationship between comprehensive planning and environmental
impact statements, and evaluating the feasibility and desirability of
^ I preparing environmental impact statements on the comprehensive plan
'* 1 itself.
Monitoring:
- Implemented an Agencywide standardization and quality control program
that covers all environmental monitoring activities of EPA;
/ - Extended above programs, insofar as possible, to cover State and
local environmental monitoring activities;
- , RD-UU
-------
- Substantially increased interlaboratory testing and evaluation
programs;
- Completed evaluation of methods for air measurement as required by,
legislation;
- Implemented a data quality control screening computer module in
Region V on an experimental basis as part of a general automated
laboratory management system;
- Developed and demonstrated techniques for improving the utility
of air, water, and pesticides data for multiple analytical
purposes; and
- Developed and tested new and improved techniques for monitoring
of air, water, pesticides, and radiation.
National Center for lexicological Research:
- Completed the construction and final testing of an animal facility
to maintain hundreds of animals in a germ-free environment for
long-term studies of the effects of chemicals at low doses;
- Developed a genetically mixed strain of animals which is required
to study mutagenesis of low doses of toxic substances;
- Completed a major investigation of the potential of a food
additive to cause birth defects; and
- Completed construction and testing of several laboratory facilities
which will make large-scale animal experiments practical, such as
automated handling of toxicological data, animal diet preparation
facilities to prepare a sterile, chemically defined diet containing
specified levels of test chemicals, and mouse feeding cages which
reduces waste of the feed.
Program Integration:
- Initiated development of integrated environmental research and
development strategies by media, and
- Initiated development of a coordinated, interagency environmental
research and development program in support of the overall Federal
energy development program.
Science Advisory Board:
- Initiated reviews of evolving environmental research and development
media strategies.
-------
1975 Objectives
Socio-economic Research:
- Continue social-economic research begun in 1974 aimed at improving
cost/risk/benefit bases for EPA standard setting activities;
- Complete estimates of environmental consequences of alternative fuel
cycles including those resulting from substitution of coal for residual
oil in power generators; and
- Report on results of research aimed at comprehensive performance
standards for energy production activities for environmental protection,
- Continue cost/benefit analysis research on risK reduction from
pollution control of pesticides and regulation benefits of water
pollution abatement;
- Develop health costs associated with regional air pollution for
St. Louis;
- Continue research on economic incentives .with emphasis on a comprehensive
analysis of the use of subsidies;
- Initiate a systems analysis of water reuse for both an eastern and
western metropolitan area; and
- Continue to develop and test methods of regional analysis and
comprehensive environmental management.
Monitoring:
- Expand interlab testing and monitoring program evaluation for air and
water measurement;
- Develop an EPA laboratory accreditation program for water measurements;
- Develop reference materials for sediment and other analysis;
- Establish quality control guidelines dealing with environmental
measurements with particular emphasis on water sample preservation;
- Develop, in cooperation with the Department of the Air Force, an
Agency plan for the use of sophisticated data and information
storage and retrieval systems in support of monitoring activities;
- Provide regions, on a regular basis, a photo interpretation
capability in support of their monitoring activities;
-------
- Complete the evaluation of instrumentation for the sizing of air
* *' borne particulates and for the detection of carcinogenic hydrocarbons
in air; and
o]| - Complete evaluation of analytical methodology for over 40 constituents
I t of industrial wastewater discharges.
.-. National Center for lexicological Research:
I
* - Continue the two year feeding study of a chemical carcinogen at doses
low enough to cause only about one percent incidence of tumors; and
"" \ %
- Continue the large scale dose-response study of teratogenic effects
using the herbicide 2,4,5- T as model compound.
Program Integration:
- Complete development of integrated media strategies for the Office of
| Research and Development; and
- Continue development and coordination of the interagency environmental
research and development program in support of the overall Federal
-------
Research and Development
Interdisciplinary
Control Technology
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Control technology $1,147,900 $1,150,500 +$2,600
This activity supports EPA's technology transfer program. In the
coming decade, billions of dollars will be invested in the construction
of pollution control and abatement facilities. The objective of the
technology transfer program is to ensure that the latest viable technologies
are transferred to potential users to eliminate the possibility of an
enormous investment in obsolete facilities. The technology transfer
program is designed to bridge the gap between research and full-scale
use by evaluating and transferring newly developed successful technology
to industries, consulting engineers, municipal and State design engineers,
administrative decision-makers, and others exerting influence over the
design and construction of pollution control facilities.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Presented 12 municipal design seminars to approximately 1,500
professional design engineers covering the availability of new
municipal wastewater treatment technologies;
- Presented seven seminars to small industrial manufacturers
covering new environmental pollution control technology;
- Revised and distributed design manuals on carbon adsorption,
phosphorus removal,,suspended solids removal, and upgrading existing
wastewater treatment plants;
- Distributed, upon request, 250,000 publications of various degrees
of technical complexity to various users;
- Prepared design manuals for pulp/paper and power industries; and
- Prepared design manuals on sulfide control.
-------
1975 Objectives
- Present 17 design seminars for municipal and industrial design
engineers;
- Print and distribute municipal design manuals on nitrogen
control, sludge handling, and small treatment plants;
- Prepare industrial design manuals on the subjects of textiles,
organic chemicals, and air monitoring; and
- Prepare and distribute miscellaneous publications on control
technology.
-------
Toxic Substances
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Toxic Substances
Purpose
Passage of the Toxic Substances Act will require the development of
protocols for testing toxic substances in order to determine the potential
hazards associated with the release of a given chemical into the environment.
Information is needed on the transport and persistence of these toxic
substances as well as on their ecological and health effects.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects ......... $2,000,000 +$2,000,000
Total ........ ..... ......... ... 2,000,000 +2,000,000
End-of-Year Employment
Process and Effects . .
Total
Man-Years, Total,
KD-50
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
Processes and Effects
Heal th effects ,
1974
o B a
1975
$2, 000 , 000
1.000.000
Change
+$2,000,000
+ 1.000.000
m
i%? To initiate a health effects research program in support of the
Toxic Substances Act,
: Ecological processes
; and effects ... 1,000,000 + 1,000,000
; To initiate an ecological processes and effects research program in
- . support of the Toxic Substances Act.
ED-51
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Research and Development
Toxic Substances
* t- Processes and Effects
• ^ . . . .
.1 ?J
Justification
j&5( • 1974 1975 Change
Health effects............. ... $1S0003000 +$1,000,000
• > A program of research on the effects of toxic substances and their
metabolities on human health is essential to support the activities of
f j: EPA's Office of Toxic Substances under the (now pending) new Toxic
N'; Substances Bill. Protocols for pre-market testing of toxic substances
must be established and validated, and decisions must be made concerning
which existing toxic substances should be declared hazardous to human
j health.
,, -j.
Purpose of Increase
f "n -— ' -•"" ! ——'••
To initiate a health effects research program in support of the
Toxic Substances Act.
1975 Objectives
- Initiate evaluation of the hazards of toxic substances to people
who handle them by conducting animal toxicology studies;
- Develop testing methodology for toxic substances;
- Conduct studies of birth defects caused by selected heavy metals;
and
- Determine hazards of lung absorption and skin contact with industrial
toxicants.
RD-52
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1974 1975 Change
Ecological processes and
effects............ ,. ... $1,0009000 +$1,000,000
A program to determine the ecological processes! and effects of
pollutants designated as toxic substances will be carried out. Data will
be collected to provide a sound scientific basis for the establishment of
water quality "standards for such stream uses as public water supply,
recreation, fish and wildlife propagation, agricultural supply and
industrial purposes. These uses are applicable to freshwater, marine and
estuarine areas. Information is needed to relate the concentration, form,
transport processes and acute and chronic effects of toxic substances to
the size, character, composition and location of these sources.
Purposeof Increase
To initiate an ecological processes and effects research program in
support of the Toxic Substances Act.
1975 Objectives
- Expand the existing body of knowledge regarding the environmental ,
effects of toxic pollutants to support the establishment of valid
water quality standards.
'RD-53
-------
Energy
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Energy
Purpose
The EPA energy related environmental research and development program
is composed of two basic activities: (1) the Environmental Sciences
program designed to define in a timely and cost efficient manner the
environmental control requirements associated with energy extraction,
transmission, conversion and uses and (2) the Environmental Control Tech-
nology program to develop and demonstrate the control techniques responding
to these defined control requirements.
The purpose of this R&D program is the development of a sound technical
and scientific basis for ensuring (1) adequate protection of human health,
welfare, ecosystem, and social goals; (2) environmental protection
necessary to facilitate the use of domestic energy supplies, with particular
emphasis on coal and nuclear systems; (3) that energy system initiatives
can be implemented without delays caused by inadequate and insufficient
environmental impact data; and (4) the concurrent development of appropriate
control technologies and emerging energy systems to minimize control cost
and environmental impact.
While EPA will have the overall management and coordination responsi-
bility regarding the development and implementation of this energy-related
environmental research and development program, the program will, in fact,
be conducted as a cooperative effort involving a^number of Federal
agencies. The specific objectives to be implemented by each agency will
be determined in the detailed planning process and the appropriate transfers
of funds to the involved agencies will be made through interagency agree- .
ments. The detailed planning process will also quantify the resources
which will be needed in both the Agency Management and Support and Research
and Development Program Management and Support activities in order to
effectively coordinate and manage this large new effort. Once this has
been done, appropriate adjustments in energy funds among these activities
will be made.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Processes and Effects.... $5,700,000 $74,000,000 +$68,300,000
Control Technology....... 16,800,000 117,000.000 +100.200.000
Total. 22,500,000 191,000,000 +168,500,000
-------
1974
1975
Increase
or Decrease
End-of-Year Employment
Processes and Effects...
Control Technology..;...
Total
Man-Years, Total
RD-55
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Processes and Effects $5.700,000 $74.000.000 +$68,300.000
To provide>for the greatly expanded development of environmental
transport and effects data necessary to understand and effectively
control the environmental impact of energy self-sufficiency.
Control Technology 16,800,000 117,000.000 +100,200,000
Advanced automotive power
systems...... 5,100,000 10,000,000 +4,900,000
To expand programs to investigate use of alternative fuels; to determine
energy efficiency improvements; expand alternative engine design work;
and to develop electric propulsion systems.
Other control technology... 11,700,000 107,000,000 +95,300,000
To accelerate the demonstration of reliable and efficient technologies
for the control of sulfur oxide (SOX), nitrogen* oxide (NOX), particulates,
to accelerate the development of more advanced technologies for
controlling other pollutants associated with energy extraction, transmis-
sion, production, conversion and end us.e.
RD-56
-------
Research and Development
Energy
Processes and Effects
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Processes and effects,., $5,700,000 $74,000,000 +$68,300,000
Public concern for the environmental, societal, and welfare .impacts
of energy related activities has become one of the most important issues
limiting the growth of domestic energy production. These public concerns
are directed at observable as well as suspected deleterious aspects of
energy production and use. These concerns are legitimate, urgent and
unavoidable. They dictate that health and environmental considerations
be integrated with the achievement of energy self-sufficiency. The
impact of these considerations on energy self-suffiency must be considered
prior to the implementation of probable regulatory standards and in
concert with energy process development if unnecessary delays, economic
costs, industrial resistance and environmental damage are to be avoided.
This understanding of the environmental impact of energy self-
sufficiency is the fundamental goal to which this EPA energy-related
environmental research agenda is directed. This agenda consists of four
environmental science subprograms constructed by projecting presently
known and anticipated concerns for the impact of energy systems on the
environment. These subprograms are (1) Pollutant Characterization,
Measurement and Monitoring; (2) Transport Processes; (3) Effects (Health,
Ecological, Welfare and Social); and (4) Environmental Assessment and
Policy Formulation.
Purpose ofIncrease
To provide for the greatly expanded development of environmental
transport, effects and associated measurement capabilities necessary to
understand and effectively control the environmental impact of energy
self-sufficiency.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Developed thermal plume prediction methods for surface discharges;
- Determined effects of temperature changes on selected fish species;
- Determined water quality chemical changes due to-cooling water
blowdown; and
- Determined effects on zooplankton of passage through electric
power plants.
RD-57
-------
* 1975 Objectives
- Chemical and physical measurement and characterization of the residuals
[ J produced during fossil energy extraction and combustion and by
3 prototype coal cleaning and conversion facilities;
f > - Develop the capability to measure and predict the dispersion and
f^ transformation of air and water pollutants emitted from fossil
energy facilities with particular emphasis placed on air pollutant
4~. dispersion in rough terrain;
1 - Expand and accelerate the epidemiological and toxicological
evaluation of the health effects of pollutants which have or will
fl have major impact on the siting and control of energy facilities;
f i
- Develop indices for evaluating the extent and duration of ecosystem
*-i impacts from fossil energy extraction and conversion -- systems
\ I approach encompassing laboratory, greenhouse, microcosm and large
scale field experimentation will be used; and
f - Synthesis of the environmental data developed above into energy
' > system siting and control criteria balancing the environmental
and economic costs of energy self-sufficiency.
ED-58
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Research and Development
Energy
Control Technology
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Advanced automotive power
systems...... $5S100S000 $10,000,000 +$4,900,000
This new activity includes resources added to the basic research
program for the purpose of emphasizing fuel economy features of the systems
currently under study and to support work on the technological assessment,
exploratory developments and research (if warranted) of new concepts for
improving fuel economy of currently existing technologies.
Work to be supported includes the assessment of the feasibility of
developing lightweight Diesel engines for passenger car application;
further improvements of the stratified charge engine for broader applica-
tion; assessment of the potential for the development of the Stirling cycle
concept; and improvements in the fuel economy characteristics of the Rankine
(steam) and Brayton (gas turbine) systems.
Concepts investigated include the use of power boost (an auxiliary
supercharger to provide added power as needed, thereby requiring only a
small and more efficient engine for normal driving), variable compression
ratio, and regenerative braking. Successful work on these concepts may be
applied in this decade to the conventional engine to considerably reduce
fuel consumption. These technologies have early applicability to in-use
vehicles, resulting in significant fuel economies.
Purpose of Increase
To expand the program initiated in 1974 to investigate use of alterna-
tive fuels for possible emissions and fuel economy improvements, to
determine what modifications are necessary to conventional vehicles to
accept alternative fuels. To initiate programs to determine energy
efficiency improvements applicable to conventional and alternative
engines, such as a design study of waste heat recovery systems for heavy
duty engines. To expand alternative engine design work beyond the
Rankine and gas turbine engines to the Stirling and light weight Diesel
engines. To develop electric propulsion systems applicable to light
duty electric vehicles.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Completion of feasibility studies on use of alternative fuels for
automobiles and trucks;
RD-59
-------
- Initiation of design studies on Stirling engines; lightweight, light
duty Diesel engines; and stratified charge engines;
- Initiation of design and hardware tests of continuously variable
transmissions, more efficient accessories and drive approaches, and
turbo compounding for near term fuel economy improvements for conven-
tional and advanced systems;
- Initiation of technology programs in the area of ceramics for gas
turbine regenerators and recuperators, and diesel/stratified charge/
spark ignition engine piston/cylinders; and
- Initiation of conventional alternative engine cycle assessment
program.
1975 Objectives
- Continued support of development work on Stirling engines and Diesel
engines;
- Complete Stirling engine design, thermal dynamic tradeoff studies,
component preliminary design, and define barrier technology problems
which affect ultimate success of this engine in the automobile application;
- Complete the preliminary designs of several light weight diesel systems,
evaluate the results, select two competing versions9 and initiate system
hardware development;
- Complete emissions, performance testing, and evaluation of the leading
alternative fuels;
* Design electric propulsion programs based on the results of the electric
car impact study initiated in 1974;
- Demonstrate the complete control system on the Rankine cycle in an
automobile;
- Demonstration vehicles with fuel economy improvements using new trans-
missions, accessories and drives and turbo compounding in vehicles;
- Completion of design study of waste heat recovery systems for heavy
duty engines; and
- Initiate development of modifications to conventional vehicles to
accept alternative fuels.
1974 1975 Change
Other control technology $11,700,000 $107,000,000 +$95,300,000
This activity involves the accelerated development and demonstration
of new and improved technology for the control of environmental impacts
associated with energy from extraction through conversion, distribution
KD-60
-------
and end utilization. This acceleration recognizes that control of
environmental effects is the major pacing .item 1n the near-term achieve-
ment of energy self-sufficiency through massive increase in coal and
nuclear energy production. The goals to which this technology is
directed are: Firsts development of the capability to achieve and
maintain existing and probable health standards. This goal relates
primarily to control of air emissions. Seconds development of the
capability to minimize ecological, material and social impacts consistent
with balancing the local costs and benefits associated with each level of
impact reduction. This goal relates to all emissions irrespective of
media.
Major control technology requirements necessary to achieve these
goals are: (1) sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide control through fuel
pretreatment* combustion modification and stack gas clean-up; (2) fine
particulate control for trace metalss sulfates and condensed organics;
(3) control of water pollutant discharges to meet quality criteria at
all phases of the energy cycle; (4) technology for low-grade waste heat use
and dispersion; and (5) land reclamation and subsidence control techniques.
Purpose of Increase
To accelerate the demonstration of reliable and efficient technologies
for the control of sulfur oxide (SOX), nitrogen oxide (NOX)S particulates,
and to accelerate the development of more advanced technologies for
controlling other pollutants associated with energy extraction, transmission,
production, conversion and end use, .
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Complete comnercial demonstration of CAT-OX and MAG-OX flue gas
desulfurization processes;
- Complete pilot scale evaluation of chemical coal cleaning, submerged
combustion and chemically active fluidized bed gasification of
residual oil; and
- Complete field testing of FJOX control modifications applied to coal
fired utility boilers.
1975 Objectives '
- Complete baseline environmental assessment of technologies designed
to increase the rate of oil and gas extraction;
- Characterize the emissions associated with coal extraction and
conversion processes;
- Initiate demonstrations of the double alkali, ammonium bisulfate
and citrate fOule gas desulfurization technologies;
RD-61
-------
- Demonstrate environmentally sound sludge disposal techniques for
the control of coal cleaning, conversion, and flue gas desulfurization
solid waste products;
- Complete pilot scale evaluation of fine particulate control technology
on combustion sources;
- Demonstrate advanced waste heat control and utilization technology
including dry cooling towers and closed loop systems;
- Develop commercially practicable fuel cell designs for both stationary and
mobile energy storage and transmission application!
- Demonstrate the commercial application of municipal waste as an
energy source for industrial combustion; and
- Initiate commercial demonstration of chemical coal cleaning technology.
RD-62
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Program
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Research and Development
Program Management and Support
Purpose
This activity encompasses the overall management of and support
for the Research and Development programs described in the foregoing
sections, these accounts will be adjusted as appropriate to support the
EPA management and coordination of the energy-related environmental
research and development program — refer to the section on Energy
Research and Development.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Program Management...... $6S032,300 $6,007,000 -$25,300
Program Support......... 10,198.700 13,655,500 +3,456,800
Total.............. 16,231,000 19,662,500 +3,431,500
End-of-Year Employment
Program Management...... 221 218 -3
Program Support. .... . ...... : _ ._._._
Total..... 221 218 -3
Man-Years, Total...... 221 213 -8
RD-63
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
' ' ' ' '
Program Management $6,032,300 $6,,007,000 -$25,300 f
To provide for the full-year costs of the October 1973 pay raise,,offset
by a decrease in funding requirements made possible by a reduction in
staff.
Program Support 10,198,700 139655S500 +3,456,800
To cover a prorated share of increased funding requirements for
common support services — refer to the section on Agency and Regional
Mangement for a description of these requirements.
-------
Research and Develspment
Program Management and Support
Program Management
Justification '
1974 1975 ' Change
Program mangement. . ....*.,. $6,032,300 $6,007,000 -$25,300
This activity provides for the overall management of the Office of
Research and Development, Including the four National Environmental Research
Centers and the Washington Environmental Research Center. It Involves the
development of program policies and strategies, the overall planning of
research and development activities, the monitoring and review of program
performance, and the direction of the program activities performed in
headquarters and the Research Centers. This activity also provides for a
regional research representative and staff in each of the ten regional offices.
Purpose of Increase
The 1975 funding requirements of this activity will decrease due to a
reduction in the staffing of the above offices. The increase to provide for
the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise is offset by the reduced
funding requirements. . ,
RD-65
-------
Research and Development
\ /? Program Management and Support
Program Support
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Program suppport $10,198,700 $13,655,500 +$3,456,800
This activity constitutes the prorated share of EPA's total funding
requirements for common support services. These funding requirements cover
certain agencywide and regional lease, communication, and other common service
costs which are managed through a single headquarters and ten regional
accounts. These requirements are fully described in the section covering
Agency and Regional Management. The prorated share charged under this element
represents that portion required to support the programs funded and conducted
under the Research and Development appropriation account.
Purpose of Increase
This increase, together with those under similar elements under the
Abatement and Control and Enforcement appropriation accounts, are described
under the section covering Agency and Regional Management.
RD-66
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
f!
*»
Purpose
Abatement and control activities include programs in air and water
pollution control, water supply and radiation protection, solid and toxic
waste management, pesticides control, and noise abatement*
Efforts entail developing environmental standards; monitoring and
surveillance of pollution conditions; grant support for State and local
pollution control planning; direct Federal pollution control planning;
grant support for State, regional, and local pollution control programs;
technical assistance to pollution control agencies and organizations;
assistance to Federal agencies in complying with environmental standards
and insuring that their activities have minimum environmental impact; and
training to increase the supply of and improve the skills of pollution
control personnel. Also included is the overall management and support
of the abatement and control programs.
Budget Authorjty
1973
1974
1975
Air $81,987,401 $80,708,700 $81,873,300
Water Quality. 76,255,817 106,572,000 96,973,400
Water Supply..... 1,958,182 2,207,100 3,193,300
Solid Wastes 12,899,756 6,548,600 9,675,400
Pesticides..... 13,555,084 17,627,400 18,523,100
Radiation 5,096,771 4,978,400 4,649,300
Noise..... 1,388,108 3,491,300 4,698,500
Interdisciplinary 11,844
Toxic Substances ... 4,292,200 6,797,100
Program Management and
Support... 22,935,994 29,668,200 31,592,600
Total...... 216,088,957 256,093,900 257,976,000
Contract Authority - Sec. 208
Liquidation of contract
authority , ... 4,000,000 26,000,000
Contract authority 50,000,000* 100,000,000* 150,000,000*
Man p qwer Re so urce s
End-of-Year Employment...... 3,179 3,671 3,732
Man-Years 3,263 3,562 3,745
* None of the authority was used in 1973; $25 million is expected to be used
in 1974; $100 million is expected to be used in 1975.
AC 1
-------
Air
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Purpose
The air abatement and control program is directed at the establishment ;
of air quality standards, assistance to State and local agencies' efforts
to implement these standards with control plans, and air quality monitoring
and surveillance activities. The program encompasses all those activities
undertaken by EPA to implement the Clean Air Act which are not related to
research and development and enforcement, which are covered under separate
appropriations.
The bulk of EPA's abatement and control efforts support State and
community agencies, which bear the primary responsibility for controlling
pollution at its sources. Over 60 percent of the funds in this area
are channelled to State and local agencies,, and EPA's technical assistance,
monitoring and training programs directly support State and local efforts.
Also under this program, EPA assists other Federal agencies to bring their
facilities into conformance with prevailing air pollution standards and helps
insure that the projects, programs, and other activities of Federal agencies
produce minimal air pollution impact.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Mobile Sources $9,839,400 $10,178,500 +$339,100
Stationary Source Standards
and Guidelines........... 7J26S600 7,161,000 +34,400
Ambient Trend Monitoring... 1S694S500 2,707,400 +1,012,900
Technical Assistance 8,530,200 8,608,400 +78,200
Academic Training Grants... 29000S000 1,700,000 -300,000
Control Agency Support 51,518,000 51,518,000 ...
Total.............'.... 80,708,700 81,873,300 +1,164,600
End-of-Year Employment
Mobile Sources. - -*158 170 +12
Stationary Source Standards
and Guidelines,...... 146 146
Ambient Trend Monitoring... 57 73 +16
Technical Assistance....... 310 307 -3
Academic Training Grants...
Control Agency Support..... ._._. ... __UL^_
Total 671 696 +25
Man-Years, Total...... ... 632 - 664 +32
iT
AC 2
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Mobile Sources $9,839.400 $10,178.500 +$339.100
To provide for the improvement of the fuel economy labeling program
with information on fuel economy of vehicles at driving modes other than
an urban/sub-urban mode, and to provide for the full-year cost of the
October 1973 pay raise.
Stationary Source Standards and
Guidelines 7.126.600 7.161.000 . +34.400
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Ambient Trend Monitoring 1.694.500 2,707.400 +1.012.900
To strengthen and expand regional office capabilities for air quality
monitoring, analysis, and special studies of criteria and noncriteria
pollutants, and to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay
raise.
Technical Assistance 8,530,200 8,608,400 . +78.200
Technical information and
assistance 5,981,800 6,036,800 +55,000
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Federal activities. 994,200 1,006,800 +12,600
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Manpower training and planning.. 1,554,200 1,564,800 +10,600
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Academic Training Grants 2.000.000 1.700.000 -300,000
The decrease in 1975 reflects a phased reduction in academic training.
AC 3
-------
Abatement and Control
Air 1
Mobile Sources
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Mobile sources ...... $9,839,400 $10,178,500 +$339,100
The mobile sources program includes the development of emission and
fuel standards for motor vehicles and aircrafts; the provision of technical
assistance to the States to plan and implement transportation controls; the
certification of new vehicles for conformity with applicable emission
standards; and the determination of the emissions performance of in-use
vehicles.
Work is in progress to develop standards and test procedures for
heavy duty and medium duty trucks; the standards set for light duty vehicles
(including gasoline and Diesel powered automobiles and light duty trucks)
and aircraft are undergoing constant evaluation in view of the changing
technology available for meeting the standards, and changes in our under-
standing of the degree of control required. Motorcycles, which are
currently uncontrolled, are presently being investigated for possible
regulatory action. The need for control is being assessed, for sulfates
emitted from light duty vehicles, and polynuclear arotnatics from heavy
duty Diesel powered trucks.
Technical support to the States as they plan and implement transportation
controls is carried out through the development of information on the
feasibility and effectiveness of various transportation control measures
and implementation procedures. For example, a test protocol is currently
being developed which will enable EPA to provide data to the States on the
effectiveness of candidate emission control devices in reducing emissions
when retrofitted on in-use vehicles.
This subactivity also covers the certification of prototype motor
vehicles and engines for conformity with applicable emission standards;
the testing of in-use motor vehicles to evaluate their contribution to
air pollution and to provide an information base from which to determine
whether manufacturers should be required to recall classes of vehicles
found to have defective emission control devices; and the operation of a
voluntary program by which manufacturers label new automobiles with fuel
economy data.
AC 4
-------
\ The certification of prototypes involves engineering review of
manufacturer submitted data and testing prototype vehicles and engines
at EPA's laboratory. Decisions made by the Administrator in relation
v to the statutory emission standards for light duty vehicles (i.e.,
| suspend for one year the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide standard
^ applicable to 1975 model year vehicles and set interim standards for
California more stringent than the interim standards set for the rest
| of the country)9 and by the Court of Appeals to consider separately
I light duty trucks from other light duty vehicles have increased the
effort spent in this area.
•«
I The determination of in-use vehicles' contributions to air pollution
is carried out procuring and emission testing a representative sample of
individually owned vehicles. This information provides a data base from
I which the contribution of motor vehicles to air pollution can be
>i calculated and projected for individual metropolitan areas as well as
nationwide.
! The testing of in-use vehicles for determining the need for recall
is carried out under the authority of Section 207(c) of the Clean Air
,s Act. Section 207(c) of the Act provides that the Administrator may
,' require a manufacturer to recall and fix, at the manufacturer's expense,
any class of properly used and maintained motor vehicles for which the
Administrator finds that a substantial number are in violation of the
applicable emission standards. The testing of 3,000 properly used and
maintained 1972 model year vehicles [the first model year to which
Section 207{c) is applicable] has been completed.
The control of emissions from all in-use vehicles except as provided
under Section 207(c)5 is a State responsibility under the Clean Air Act.
The Act does not provide authority for Federal action against individuals
whose vehicles may not be properly maintained and used. In support of
State actions to control emissions from all vehicles, EPA will provide
assistance to States for the demonstration of selected inspection and
maintenance provisions of transportation control plans.
With 1974 model year automobiles, EPA has initiated a voluntary-
program of labeling automobiles with fuel economy data in order that
consumers may be encouraged to,purchase automobiles that will minimize
! demands on energy supplies. The data currently used for this program
is derived from exhaust emissions data obtained by EPA and auto
^ manufacturers as part of motor vehicle prototype certification activities.
'st,
Purpose of Increase
"\
The increase will provide for the expansion of the fuel economy
labeling program to make available, through testing, information on the
fuel economy of vehicles not currently tested in the prototype certification
program. The increase also provides for the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise.
AC 5
-------
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Assessed manufacturers' efforts and ability to meet the 1975
and 1976 light duty vehicle statutory emission standards.
- Promulgated regulations for certification of vehicles to be
sold at high altitudes,
- Proposed emission standards for new SST aircraft.
- Promulgated aircraft retrofit regulations,
- Promulgated revised regulations for certification of low emission
vehicles for priority government purchase or leasing.
- Published test protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of
retrofitted emission control devices.
- Completed certification of manufacturers' planned 1974 model year
production of light duty vehicles and heavy duty engines for
conformity with emission standards.
- Completed emissions testing to allow determination of whether
manufacturers should be required to recall and fix any 1972
model year light duty vehicles.
- Initiated a voluntary fuel economy labeling program for new
automobiles beginning with the 1974 model year.
1975 Objectives
- Complete certification of manufacturers' planned 1975 model year
production of light duty vehicles and heavy duty engines for
conformity with emission standards.
- Complete emissions testing to allow determination of whether
manufacturers should be required to recall any 1973 model year
vehicles.
- Oversee the operation of the in-use vehicle inspection and
maintenance pilot projects and provide information gained
from the pilot projects to the States.
- Operate the improved voluntary fuel economy labeling program
for 1975 model year automobiles.
AC 6
-------
Continue to assess manufacturers' efforts and ability to meet
the 1975 and 1976 light duty vehicles statutory emission standards.
Promulgate regulations for the certification of emission testing
laboratories.
Promulgate emission standards for medium duty vehicles.
Promulgate emission standards for motorcycles.
AC 7
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Stationary Source Standards and Guidelines
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Stationary source standards
and guidelines......... $7,126,600 $7,161,000 +$34,400
This subactivity covers the development of ambient air quality
standards, emission standards for stationary sources, and a variety of
analyses related to the implementation of these standards and various
requirements of the Clean Air Act. Although National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) have been set for six pollutants (particulates, sulfur
dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, photochemical oxidants and
hydrocarbons), work related to their implementation is continuing. For
cases in which the controls required to acheive NAAQS result in significant
economic and social dislocation, analysis is required to determine the
exact nature of the problem and to develop alternatives for problem
resolution within the framework of the Clean Air Act. Examples of this
work are the development of EPA's Clean Fuels Policy and transportation
control regulations. Additional issues arising from EPA's implementation
of the NAAQS-related parts of the Act (generally brought to light by Court
actions) require the development of revised policies and regulations; such
has been the case with the requirement to assure maintenance of ambient air
quality standards (indirect sources issue) and the prevention of significant
deterioration of air quality.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Sources
(NESHAPS) have been promulgated for selected sources of asbestos, beryllium,
and mercury. Issues still remain unsettled with respect to these standards;
the lack of coverage of all sources of these pollutants and the difficulty
in setting emission limitations for asbestos sources may require future
regulatory action. New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) have been
promulgated for 12 source categories and will be proposed for three
additional categories in 1974. NSPS will continue to be set in the future
since they provide the basis for: prevention of deterioration of air
quality (a position taken by EPA in its recent regulatory proposals on
the non-degradation issue); maintenance of nitrogen oxides and photochemical
oxidant ambient air quality standards (to offset emission increases due
to growth of stationary sources); and the control of new, emerging
industries such as gas turbines, coal gasification, and use of oil-shale.
Standards of performance are being developed for sources of fluorides
and will be used as the Federal regulatory strategy for this pollutant
in air. Work is also carried out to determine the need to control additional
air pollutants. Under current consideration are, among others, cadmium,
particulate polycylic organic matter (PPOM)S polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB), and lead from stationary sources.
AC 8
-------
Activities which support the development and implementation of these
* standards include economic studies of specific industries comprehensive
< studies of industries, emissions testing, analyses of source-receptor
relationships, analyses of alternative pollutant control' strategies and
-? development of national regulatory strategies. Further, these activities
\ are essential to building an improved data base which can be used to
develop SIP regulations, improved emissions inventories, analytic tools,
and guidance documents for the State and local control agencies.
"i
? Purpose of Increase
'l To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
)
Siginificant 1974Accomplishments
\ - Promulgated standards of performance for asphalt concrete plants,
petroleum refineries, storage vessels, secondary lead smelters,
brass and bronze ingot production, iron and steel plants, and
j sewage sludge incinerators.
j>
- Proposed standards of performance for primary copper., lead, and
A zinc smelters.
1
! 1975 Objectives
-, - Promulgate standards of performance for primary copper, lead,
* and zinc smelters.
- Promulgate standards of performance for kraft pulp mills,
aluminum reduction, coal cleaning, ferroalloy plants, gas
turbines, iron and steel mills, phosphate fertilizer plants,
, sulfur recovery plants, and by-product coke ovens.
AC 9
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Ambient Trend Monitoring
b> Justification
\ 1974 1975 Change
Ambient trend monitoring... $1,694,500 $2,707,400 +$1,012,900
1 ,
1 The ambient air monitoring program is carried out by EPA's National
'J Air Surveillance Network. Under this program, air quality data submitted
by the States is analyzed and an air quality monitoring system is operated
| to provide independent verification of State data. In 1975, efforts will
i be expanded considerably to meet new needs for air monitoring and analyses
related to developing regulations for the State Implementation Plans.
Area-specific monitoring will be required to evaluate transportation
j control plan revisions, to review plans impacting on the maintenance
of ambient air quality standards (including indirect sources), and to
.. evaluate and/or promulgate regulations to prevent the significant
| deterioration of air quality. Other additional monitoring activities will
' include studies of high oxidant levels in rural areas, and the sampling
and analysis of both regulated and nonregulated pollutants in special
" or emergency situations. The sharply increasing amount of ambient data
' becoming available will enable EPA to provide more frequent and sophisticated
analyses of national trends in air quality. Emphasis will also be given
to achieving further improvements in storing and disseminating ambient data.
Purpose of Increase
; The increase is required to strengthen and expand monitoring and
: analysis capabilities related to the achievement of National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the implementation of SIP provisions
} such as transportation control plans and maintenance of ambient air
j quality standards (indirect sources). The increase will also improve
EPA capabilities to perform special studies of both criteria and noncriteria
pollutants (e.g., studies of rural oxidant levels, smelter and power plant
J monitoring, and assessment of the air quality impact of the use of higher
sulfur fuels due to existing low sulfur fuel shortages). In addition, the
increase provides for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise,
1 Significant 1974 Accomplishments
«, - Provided a broad range of published technical guidance to State
;, agencies regarding the operation of State monitoring networks
and the analysis of ambient data.
( - Established standard procedures for storing, summarizing, and
} disseminating air quality data derived from mandatory State reports.
AC 10
-------
- Published four comprehensive analyses of national air monitoring
air quality, and emissions trends (1971, 1972, and 1973 data).
- Completed the development and implementation of an automated
method to evaluate the quality of ambient data received by EPA.
1975 Objectives
- Establish improved Quality Control Programs for the State
ambient data gathering programs.
- Complete preliminary determinations of the status of compliance
with NAAQS.
- Provide technical guidance and program direction to ensure
that all required State monitoring sites are in operation and
generating valid data.
- Perform monitoring activities and analyses relative to SIP
revisions and/or additions.
- Perform selected special monitoring projects, such as the
study of oxidant levels in rural areas and surveillanceiOf
possible problem areas.
AC 11
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Technical Assistance
Justification
This program includes the provision of technical information and
assistance to State and local agencies; the review, approval, or
promulgation of State implementation plans; the review of environmental
impact statements; the surveillance of other Federal agencies activities
to assure compliance with standards; and the conduct of manpower
training and planning programs.
1974
1975
Technical information and
assistance... *
$5,981,800 $6,036,800
Change
+$55,000
The Clean Air Act takes cognizance of the fact that air pollution
has resulted in danger to the public health and welfare. As a counter
measure, it places the responsibility for the protection and enhancement
of the quality of the nation's air through prevention of air pollution
at its source by State and local governments. It further provides for
technical and financial assistance to State and local governments in
developing and executing their air pollution prevention and control
programs.
This subactivity covers primarily the performance of analyses
requisite for the determination of adequacy of State implementation
plans (SIPs) and the development* if necessary, of substitute plans
for promulgation by EPA. In support of the SIP work, analytical pro-
cedures are developed and provided to the States for the preparation
of adequate SIPs and revisions. It is expected that EPA will require
plan revisions in such areas as revised air quality monitoring require-
ments, requirements for in~stack monitoring, restrictions on the use
of tall stacks, improved transportation control planss air quality
maintenance, prevention of significant deterioration of air quality,
and limitations on issuing variances and enforcement orders. In
addition, progress reports which describe the accomplishments of
the States in carrying out their implementation plans are prepared
twice a year.
Technical assistance also incorporates activities related to the
expansion and improvement of the national data bank of pollutant
emissions and air quality information. This information is used to
assess national air quality and emission trends, as well as to determine
the need for SIP revisions.
AC 12
-------
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise,
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Developed, and distributed guidelines for the preparation of 10-year
plans for the maintenance of air quality standards.
- Reviewed and revised, where appropriate, State implementation plans
in accordance with court orders.
- Published the first State Air Pollution Implementation Plan Progress
Report.
- Published updated and new emission factors for approximately 75
source categories.
- Published 10 documents providing guidance to States in handling and
evaluating air quality and emissions data.
1975 Objectives
- Monitor State progress in attaining air quality standards as
stipulated in SIPs and recommend corrective action as required.
- Provide two semiannual SIP Progress Reports.
- Implement new and expanded computer systems for the storage, retrieval,
and analysis of emissions and related data.
1974 1975 Change
Federal activities,...,...,..., $994,200 $1S006S800 +$12,600
The purpose of this program is to assure that other Federal agencies
develop plans and programs to meet national air pollution program goals.
Executive Order 11752 requires that Federal facilities comply with
established standards and Executive Order 11514 requires the Federal agencies
to prepare environmental impact statements on proposed actions. EPA
assists the other Federal agencies in fulfill ing their responsibilities
under these two Orders.
Under Executive Order 11752, the program includes providing technical
advice and assistance to Federal agenciess monitoring their programs for
achieving the standards, reviewing compliance, fostering coordination
with State and local programs, and coordinating compliance strategies
among the Federal agencies. Efforts directed toward implementing Executive
Order 11514 emphasize providing assistance in preparing statements on the
environmental impact of proposed activities. The objective here is to
promote a better understanding of their purpose and nature.
AC 13
-------
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Provided technical advice and assistance to Federal agencies on
a variety of problems related to the prevention, control, and
abatement of air pollution from Federal facilities.
- Reviewed and commented on approximately 1,600 environmental impact
statements.
- Continued to review and evaluate other Federal agencies' fiscal
plans covering air pollution abatement projects.
1975 Objectives
_ Continue to provide technical advice and assistance, particularly
at the regional office level, to Federal agencies.
- Monitor Federal activities' programs of compliance with air
standards and evaluate their progress in meeting compliance
schedules.
- Upgrade the national technical data base by including emission
inventories from all Federal facilities required to report.
- Develop a more effective program of liaison and coordination
with other Federal activities in preparing responsive, effectual
environmental impact statements.
1974 1975 Change
Manpower training and planning $1,554,200 $1,564,800 +$10,600
The objective of the manpower training and planning program is to
help meet manpower needs of State and local programs. The program
includes the development and delivery of short courses for improving
the skills of air pollution control personnel at the entry and advanced
levels and the assessment of national training needs in air pollution
control. The program is oriented toward personnel employed by State
and local agencies.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 14
-------
Significant1974Accomplishments
- Provided training for approximately 3,000 personnel.
- Developed and distributed 10 packaged self-instructional courses.
1975 Objectives
- Provide training for approximately 3,500 personnel.
- Develop and distribute five packaged self-instructional courses.
AC 15
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Academic Training Grants
J us t_1f_i cation
1974 1975 Change
Academic training grants $2,000,000 $1,700,000 -$300,000
To help meet national needs for professional air pollution control
manpower, EPA supports professional training with grants to universities
and directly to individuals. This support has stimulated the establishment
of competent programs in leading universities over the country. Assistance
to individuals with direct fellowship awards will continue in 1975 with
emphasis placed on professional development at the graduate level for
employees of State and local agencies who are already on the job.
Purpose of Decrease
The decrease in 1975 reflects a phased reduction in academic training.
Si gn1fleant 1974 Accomp1i shments
- Trained 70 State and local agency professional employees at the
graduate level through fellowship awards direct to the individuals.
- Supported graduate training at 18 institutions for 180 students.
1975 Objectives
_, K_ , ^
- Train 70 State and local agency professional employees at the
graduate level through fellowship awards direct to the individuals.
- Support graduate training at 12 institutions for 120 students.
Courses of study will be designed to develop pollution abatement
practitioners or to provide skills needed for support of pollution
abatement programs.
J
AC 16
-------
Abatement and Control
Air
Control Agency Support
Just|ficat1pn_
1974 1975. Change
Control agency support..... $51,518,000 $51,518,000
As authorized in the Clean Air Act, assistance is provided to State
and local agencies through control agency grants, assignment of personnel
to State agencies, special contract support, and demonstration grants.
The primary purpose of these support activities is to assist State and
local agencies to develop and implement plans to achieve and maintain
ambient air quality standards. Grant funds provide for conducting
control programs in their entirety and include monitoring, enforcement,
administration, laboratory services, and other activities. In general,
the control agencies are encouraged to use these funds in a manner
consistent with national priorities. The control agencies will be taking
on new responsibilities to implement legal decisions pertaining to
clarification of State implementation plans in 1975. To bolster State
capability, EPA personnel are assigned to State and local agencies under
two-year term appointments. Based upon this support, implementation plans
developed by the 55 jurisdictions covered by the Clean Air Act are
substantially approvable.
For cases in which States require special assistance for the performance
of specialized tasks, such as the development of emission inventories,
revision related to transportation control plans, maintenance of standards,
and plans to prevent significant deterioration, the services of EPA
contractors are available. EPA enters into contracts with a series pf
firms for services to be provided upon call. This arrangement greatly
speeds up the availability of contractors'services to States and permits
States to comply with the short deadlines imposed by the Clean Air Act
and related court orders.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Supported air pollution control programs of 229 agencies in 54
States-
- Assigned an average of 100 State assignees to State and local
control agencies.
- Provided contractor assistance to 45 States and the District of
Columbia.
1975 Objectives
- Continue the assignment of State assignees to State and local
control agencies.
AC 17
-------
- Award approximately 210 grants to control agencies.
- Provide contractor assistance to the States and the District
of Columbia.
E S'
AC 18
-------
Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Purpose
The water abatement and control program encompasses those activities
carried out by EPA to implement the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, with the exception of activities related directly to
research and development and enforcement, which are covered under separate
appropriations. The major elements of the program include:
- the assessment of areas in which water pollution is most serious;
- the development of plans for all navigable water under Section
303(e) to provide the basis for establishment of effluent
limitations and schedules of compliance for municipal, agricultural,
and industrial dischargers;
- the development of guidelines for the issuance of discharger permits
specifying effluent limitations to municipalities and industries;
- the approval of Federal grants for the construction of municipal
sewage treatment works to enable them to achieve required effluent
levels;
- the establishment of effluent guidelines representing best
practicable and best available technology for various industries; and
- the study of the nature and extent of nonpoint sources of pollution.
Because the primary responsibility for the control of pollution lies
with the States, most of EPA's abatement and control efforts are oriented
toward support of State and local efforts. States are responsible for
detailed planning, monitoring, and enforcement efforts, as well as
establishing the priorities for the commitment of Federal funds for the
construction of sewage treatment plants. In addition to their mandated
roles, States are being encouraged to undertake the issuance of industrial
and municipal permits. A substantial portion of the resources included
in this program are in the form of grants to State and interstate
water pollution control agencies. EPA activities in monitoring and
surveillance are in direct support of the State and local programs; EPA
provides technical assistance to the State and local agencies in
development and operation of their programs; and EPA provides or supports
training to improve the skills of State and local water pollution control
personnel as well as to increase the availability of water pollution control
manpower. Also, under this program, EPA assists other Federal agencies to
bring their facilities into conformahce with prevailing pollution standards
and helps ensure that the programs, projects, and other activities of
Federal agencies produce a minimum water pollution impact.
AC 19
-------
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Ambient Trend Monitoring.. $5S418S000 $5,274,800 -$143,200
Technical Assistance and
Planning 19,404,500 19,954,500 +550,000
Academic Training...*..... 3,340,000 2,770,000 -570,000
Control Agency Support.... 50,000,000 40,000,000 -10,000,000
Municipal Source Control.. 14,244,800 14,951,200 +706,400
Industrial Source Control. 7,165,200 6,976,500 -188,700
Nonpoint Source Control.,. 1,688,400 1,897,600 +209,200
Ocean Disposal and Spill
Prevention.............. 5.311.100 5,148,800 -162,300
Total..,.......,...,.106,572,000 96,973,400 -9,598,600
Contract Authorjty 4
Areawide Waste Treatment .
Management Grants:
Liquidation of contract
authority............. 4,000,000 26,000,000 , +22,000,000
Contract authority...... 100,000,OOQ§/ ISOsOOOsOOO^' +50,000,000
End-pf-Year Employment s
Ambient Trend Monitoring.. 230 220 . -10
Technical Assistance and
Planning 620 • 600 -20
Academic Training
Control Agency Support.... ...
Municipal Source Control.. 619 / 635 +16
Industrial Source Control. 46 46
Nonpoint Source Control... 36 36
Ocean Disposal and Spill
Prevention 140 140 ....
Total., 1.691 1,677 -14
Man-Years, Total............ 1,507 1,634 +127
a/ Only $25 million is expected to be obligated.
b/ Only $100 million is expected to be obligated.
AC 20
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Ambient Trend Monitoring $5,418,000 $5,274,800 -.$1.43,200
To reflect a phased transition from monitoring required for load alloca-
tion to monitoring required for compliance with permits. The reduction
is offset by an increase to provide for the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise.
Technical Assistance and
Planning 19,404,500 19,954.500 . +550,000
Water quality planning 11,477,400 11,842,200 +364,800
To provide for additional Great Lakes study needs; to provide increased
support for the IJC Great lakes surveillance program; to provide for
increased funding of Great Lakes demonstration projects, and to provide
for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise. These increases,
are offset by a reduction reflecting the completion of wasteload
allocation analyses.
Technical information and
assistance 4,881,700 4,968,900 +87,200
To provide for the full-year costs of the October 1973 pay raise and
for the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in 1974.
Federal activities 2,436,500 2,526,500 +90,000
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise and
for the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in 1974.
Standards, guidelines and
regulations 608,900 616,900 +8,000
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Academic Training 3.340,000 2,770,000 -570.000
The decrease in 1975 reflects a phased reduction in academic training.
Control Agency Support 50,000,000 40,000,000 -10,000,000
EPA requested $40 million in 1974; Congress appropriated $50 million.
However, the appropriation was too late to take advantage of the added
$10 million. We therefore are requesting $40 million in 1975 in new
authority which, when combined with the $10 million to be carried over,
will provide the Agency with a total 1975 program of $50 million.
AC 21
-------
/
Municipal Source Control
1974
$14,244,800
1975
$14,951,200
Change
+$706,400
To provide additional manpower for increasing the number and quality of
Environmental Impact Statements and to strengthen the post-construction
surveillance and inspection activities that assess and insure the
treatment plants constructed with Federal funds are being operated and
maintained in accordance with design specifications and Federal and State
standards; and to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973
pay raise.
Industrial Source Control 7,165,200 6,976,500 -188,700
To reflect nonrecurring costs associated with promulgation pf guidelines
for the Group I-Phase I industries (which include major subcategories of
the industries) which will be essentially completed by March 31, 1974.
This reduction is offset by an increase to provide for the full-year
cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Nonpoint Source Control 1,688,400 1,897,600 +209,200
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise and
to intensify efforts which emphasize nonstructural solutions.
Ocean Disposal and Spill
Prevention 5,311,100 5,148,800 -162.300
To reflect nonrecurring costs associated with the promulgation of the
Harmful Quantity Regulation. This reduction is offset by an increase
to provide for the full-year costs of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 22
-------
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Ambient Trend Monitoring
• Justification
( 1974 1975 Change
I
Ambient trend monitoring..... $5,418,000 $5,274,800 -$143,200
The water quality monitoring program provides for the collection, processing
and analysis of water quality and water management data to implement the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. The main analytical tasks
j are to determine water quality, to measure changes in this quality, and to
; relate these changes to policy alternatives. The main data processing
activities are to maintain water quality data files to support policy analyses
! and permit issuance, and to maintain operational data files in order to
| manage programs such as permit issuance and permit enforcement. The main
data collection programs are for water management data (largely for the
permit program), for the National Water Quality Surveillance System, and
; for State monitoring programs.
Purpose of Decrease
i The decrease reflects a phased transition from monitoring required for
load allocations, to monitoring required for compliance with permits.
Offsetting this decrease is an increase required to provide the full-year
cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Si gn i fi cant 1974 Accompli shments
i - Performed monitoring needed to support load allocations for permits;
- Analyzed water quality and water quality trends for the Nation's 22 major
rivers. Analysis was the basis for EPA report to Congress on the
Nation's water quality;
: - Established network of paired water quality stations for the National
J Water Quality Surveillance System; and
;! - Entered all necessary permit data into the General Point Source File
j as basic data system for water management data,
,« 1975 Objectives
if _
•«? - Reorient State water monitoring programs to be consistent with FWPCA
Amendments of 1972;
- Analyze the implications of EPA municipal construction grant program
using data merged together from separate municipal data files;
- Collect paired station data in National Water Quality Surveillance System
for use in mid-course correction;
AC 23
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Perform intensive surveys of cause and effect relationships between
point sources, nonpoint sources, and water quality in selected National
Water Quality Surveillance System segments to assess permit compliance
and effectiveness; and
Prepare 1974 National Water Quality Inventory Report to Congress,
including an analysis to determine quantitatively that portion of the
Nation's water pollution problem that will be affected by point source
controls.
AC 24
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't -j
Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Technical Assistance and Planning
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Water quality planning $11,477,400 $11,842,200 +$364,800
This area includes funds for water quality planning, technical information,
Federal activities, and standards and regulations development.
The principal elements of Water Quality Planning relate to assisting the
States in the preparation of Section 303(e) water quality management plans,
conducting a Federal overview of the development of areawide waste treatment
management plans under Section 208 and reviewing, waste treatment facility
plans that are the prerequisite first step in the construction
grant process.
Under Section 303(e) of the Act, the State plans are being developed for
over 550 basins, and are forming the basis for program actions to abate
pollution within the States. Preparation of these plans involves collecting
water quality and waste discharge data, determing permissible discharges of
pollutants which will comply with water quality standards and, as necessary,
establishing waste discharge targets for major sources. Additionally, the
plans will provide a data base for the annual water quality assessment and pro-
jection-report to Congress required by Section 305(b), and for determing
nonpoint source controls and practices to alleviate the effects of residual
solid waste. EPA provides assistance, including support required in applying
stream wasteload analyses, in development of the plans.
Review and assistance is provided on facilities plans developed by local
communities. These plans evaluate alternative waste management techniques
prior to the award of a construction grant. An essential element in these
plans is the incorporation of cost-effectiveness considerations.
This activity also includes1the funding of Great Lakes demonstration pro-
jects under Section 108 of the 1972 Amendments. Projects funded under this
Section provide for the demonstration of management techniques for controlling
and abating pollution of the Great Lakes.
Finally, this activity also provides for the appropriation of funds to be
transferred to the Departments of Housing and Urban Development, Commerce, and
Transportation- and the Atomic Energy ani Federal Power Commissions to enable
them to participate in Water Resources Council planning studies.
AC 25
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Purposeof Increase
An increase of $1 million is requested for the Great Lakes program
which will provide for the funding of additional Great Lakes study needs
which have been identified by the Upper Lakes and Land Use Reference
Groups; will provide for increased support of International Joint Commission
(IJC) Great Lakes Surveillance, including ship operation, personnel costs,
and laboratory costs; and will provide for increased funding of Great
Lakes demonstration projects under Section 108.
A decrease in planning is included which reflects the completion of
the intensified effort of wasteload allocation analyses which were required
for issuance of NPDES permits.
The increase also includes funds to provide for the full-year cost
of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Assisted States in completing 200 basins plans, and conducting water
quality analyses in 1,375 stream segments to support development of
basin plans; and
- Reviewed 1,000 Section 201 Facilities Plans required for awarding
construction grants.
1975 Objectives
- Assist in preparation of 350 additional Section 303(e) river basin
plans; and
- Review 1,500 Section 201 Facilities Plans as required for the awarding
of construction grants.
1974 1975 Change
Technical information and
assistance........... $4,881,700 $4,968,900 +$87,200
EPA provides technical guidance, assistance and information to States,
other Federal agencies, and local agencies to assist with the development
of programs for control of water pollution. These activities include assisting
States in the preparation of their annual plan for the prevention, reduction,
and elimination of water pollution; by providing guidance on the setting of
standards; in the development of uniform laws and international agreements for
controlling border pollution; through dissemination of technical information
concerning scientific and engineering advances; and through technical consulta-
tions, as required. Included in these general activities are specific program
actions in providing and implementing water quality criteria and information
AC 26
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necessary to maintain that quality; guidelines to permit pollutant discharges
into approved aquaculture projects and proper disposal of dredged or fill
material; implementation of marine sanitation regulations; removal of in-place
toxic pollutants; and providing information on the status, management, and
enhancement of estuaries and lakes.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise and
for the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in 1974.
Si gnifi cant 1974 Accompjishments
- Published in proposed form water quality criteria, accompanied by
information on the restoration or maintenance of this water quality;
- Published regulation on procedures and guidelines to permit specific
pollutant discharge into aquaculture waters;
- Published information on methods, processes, and procedures to enhance
and restore publicly owned fresh water lakes;
- Prepared technical guidelines and initiated data collection for the
National Estuarine Report, due in October 1975;
- Published Marine Sanitation Device Regulations; and
- Published proposed Dredge Disposal and Fill Material Guidelines.
1975 Objectives
- Publish the National Estuarine Report;
- Issue information on optimum techniques and priority ordering for
removal of in-place toxic pollutants;
- Review disposal of dredged or fill material permit applications, received
by the Corps of Engineers;
- Publish final water quality criteria and information on the maintenance
and restoration of this quality; and
Issue pollution discharge permits for approved aquaculture projects.
1974 1975 Change
Federal activities $2,436,500 $2,526,500 +$90,000
EPA supports other Federal agencies in ensuring that their activities
produce a minimum water pollution effect and do not violate applicable
standards. Executive Order 11752 requires that all -installations owned
AC 27
-------
or leased by the Federal Government comply with established Federal, State,
and local air and water pollution control standards. In addition,
Executive Order 11514 requires the Federal agencies to prepare environmental
impact statements on proposed actions. The statements are submitted to
EPA for review and comment.
The EPA program Includes development of guidelines relating to the
control of water pollution from Federal facilities; consultation and
technical assistance to Federal agencies In development and implementation of
their water pollution control programs; maintenance of an inventory of
wastewater treatment and disposal systems at Federal facilities; review
of agencies draft and final environmental Impact statements to determine
the impact of proposed Federal projects of federally funded or licensed
actions on the water environment; and assistance to the agencies In improving
the environmental protection measures associated with such actions.
Purpose ofJncrease
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise and
the full-year employment costs of new positions filled in 1974.
Sign1f1cant 1974Accomp1i s hmen ts
- Developed and implemented data system to monitor Federal facility compliance;
- Provided consultation and technical assistance to Federal agencies on
a variety of water pollution control and abatement problems; and
- Reviewed approximately 400 environmental impact statements and provided
conments to the Federal agencies*
1975 Objectives
- Develop interagency regulations for control of nonpoint sources of
pollution;
- Provide consultation and technical assistance to Federal agencies;
•»,
- Issue water discharge permits for Federal facilities under the National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System;
- Review and comment on about 600 new environmental impact statements and
emphasize follow-up on implementation of projects covered by previously
reviewed statements;
- Monitor Federal facilities compliance with applicable water quality
standards and implementation schedules;
- Review and evaluate Federal agencies plans for installing water pollution
control measuresi and
AC 28
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- Develop comprehensive program guidance to regional offices, Federal
agencies and States for implementing the requirements of the revised
Executive Order.
1974 1975 Change
Standards, regulations and
guidelines $608,900 $616,900 +$8,000
EPA is responsible for revisions to intrastate and interstate water
quality standards. Standards establish the uses of water bodies, water
quality criteria needed to protect these uses, and implementation plans
detailing pollution control measures necessary to achieve these criteria.
In addition, EPA continues to update all approved standards to include new
information on toxic substances* All standards are to be reviewed at least
once every three years and, if necessary, upgraded.
PurposeofIncrease
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise,
Significant 1974 Accomp1ishments
- Approved revised water quality standards for all States, and
- Initiated promulgation action on 11 States for water quality criteria
not adopted by the States.
1975 Objectives
- Develop and publish amended guidelines for the review and revision of
Water Quality Standards under the three year cyclical review requirements
to include guidance on: Mixing Zones, fresh and marine water thermal
criteria, toxic substances, antidegradation, and new information on water
quality criteria;
- Update and publish summaries of State Water Quality Standards; and
- Update and publish water quality criteria summaries.
AC 29
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Abatement and Control
/ Wajter Quality
Academic Training
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Academic training $3,340,000 $2,770,000 -$570,000
In order to help meet professional manpower needs in water pollution
control, EPA awards grants to universities and individuals to support both
undergraduate and graduate training in water pollution control. This
support has stimulated establishment of competent programs in leading
universities over the country. Assistance to individuals with direct
fellowship awards will be initiated in 1974 and continue in 1975 at the same
level with emphasis placed on professional development at the graduate level
of employees of state and local agencies who are already on the job.
Purpose of Decrease
The decrease reflects a phased reduction in academic training.
Si gn i fi cant 1974 Accomp1i shments
- Trained 53 State and local agency professional employees at the graduate
level through fellowship awards direct to the individuals;
- Supported graduate training at 55 institutions for 652 students; and
- Supported undergraduate training at 11 institutions for 160 students,
1975 Objectives
- Train 53 State and local agency professional employees at the graduate
level through fellowship awards direct to the individual;
- Support graduate training at 33 institutions for 367 students; and
- Support undergraduate training at 11 institutions for 150 students.
AC 30
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Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Control Agency Support
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Control agency support $50,000,000 $40,000,000 -$10,000,000
*
The water control agency support program provides Federal support to
State and interstate water pollution control agencies. These agencies have
principal responsibilities for implementing many parts of the Act, including
basin planning and monitoring. In addition, it is expected that many States
will, over time, assume administration of the permit program, with related
enforcement and surveillance responsibilities. Where they have not yet done
so, EPA and most States mutually undertake the technical analysis for setting
the permit conditions. Also, the States have the singular responsibility for
undertaking Statewide programs in the area of nonpoint source control.
In the construction grants area, States have been asked to assume primary
responsibility for the review of plans and specifications for treatment plants,
showing evidence that cost effectiveness, infiltration inflow, and user charge
criteria have been met.
In the planning area, States will have full responsibility for the
development of Section 303(e) plans over 550 river basins in the country.
Many of these require detailed monitoring surveys to determine what levels
of effluent control are needed to meet water quality standards.
Purpose^ of Decrease
EPA requested $40 million in 1974; Congress appropriated $50 million.
However, the appropriation was too late to take advantage of the added $10
million. We -therefore are requesting $40 million in 1975 in new authority
which, when combined with the $10 million to be carried over, will provide
the Agency with a total 1975 program of $50 million.
iS1_3nvf1ca_nt 1974 Accompl i shments
- Awarded grants to 55 State agencies and six interstate agencies to
enable them to carry out effective water pollution control programs,
including:
" the development of basin plans to establish program abatement actions;
- the operation of 10,000 monitoring stations; and
- the Operation and maintenance inspection of treatment plants.
AC 31
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1975 Objectives
s
- The 1975 objectives for State and interstate water pollution control
agencies utilizing control agency support funds are as follows:
- to process 3,000 project applications for construction grants;
- to issue 30,000 municipal, industrial, and agricultural permits;
- to develop Section 303(e) plans for 300 river basins; and
- to begin to determine the nature of nonpoint source pollution in
selected river basins.
AC 32
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r ' I Abatement and Control
5 f '
I Water Quality
] "I Municipal Source Control
Justification
1974 1975 Change
-j Municipal source control $14,244,800 $14,951,200 +$706,400
The principal element of this activity is the administration of the
multibillion dollar construction grants program. It involves the review
I and approval of grant applications, construction plans and specifications,
* and other information submitted by grant applicants to assure that proposed
publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities are constructed in accordance
with regulatory and legislative requirements. It also involves the monitoring
: and inspection of projects during both the construction and later operational
phases of the facility. These activities are carried out jointly with the
N States to assure that facilities are properly constructed and later efficiently
maintained and operated.
Another element is the initiation and conduct of a municipal permit
program which is performed in cooperation with the States and municipalities
pursuant to provisions of the Federal Water. Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. This activity involves reviewing of permit applications and the
issuance of permits which impose effluent guidelines and compliance and
provide for the implementation of such standards as user charges, pretreatment
requirements for industrial wastes discharged into the municipal systems, and
best practicable technology.
Finally, this activity encompasses the training of waste treatment plant
operators, technicians, and managers and the training of other State and local
personnel engaged in water pollution control. Under this element, EPA administers
several operator training programs funded by the Departments of Labor and Health*
Education, and Welfare under the Manpower Development Training Act. EPA also
funds some operator training activities including the support of an undergraduate
training program.
Purpose of Increase
To provide additional manpower to increase the number and quality of
Environmental Impact Statements, to strengthen the post-construction
surveillance and inspection activities that assess and insure the treatment
•' plants constructed with Federal funds are being operated and maintained in
accordance with design specifications and Federal and State standards. The
increase also provides for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 33
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Significant1974 Accomplishments
- Promulgated regulations covering Title II of the FWPCA Amendments
of 1972, secondary treatment, best practicable treatment, user charge/
cost recovery, cost effectiveness, and reimbursement;
- Completed the 1973 Municipal Needs Survey and forwarded results thereof
to Congress to provide basis for the allocation of 1975 funds;
- Completed pretreatment regulations and guidelines, design/construct
guidelines, and land treatment guidelines;
- Forwarded Second Annual Flow Reduction Report to Congress;
- Completed operation and maintenance efficiency survey and forwarded
the results thereof to Congress;
- Prepared environmental impact statements on approximately 70 projects;
- Certified to half the States the responsibility for reviewing construc-
tion plans and specifications and operation and maintenance manuals;
- Issued 6,900 municipal permits;
- Provided training for 6,600 sewage treatment plant operators, managers,
and technicians; and
- Supported the training of 60 undergraduates for entry into waste treatment
plant operation.
1975 Objectives
- Conduct the 1974 Municipal Needs Survey;
- Publish the Annual Flow Reduction Report to Congress;
- Promulgate regulations and guidelines on the reduction of sewage flows
and water uses;
- Update the pretreatment guidelines;
- Revise the user charges and industrial cost recovery quidelines and
preapplication guidelines to insure compliance with the requirements of
Title II;
- Conduct the operation and maintenance efficiency survey and forward the
results to Congress;
- Develop plant operational guidelines to meet the needs of new treatment
technology, new effluent standards, and permit requirements;
AC 34
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- Initiate operation and maintenance technical assistance program to
assist facilities with significant operational problems;
- Prepare environmental impact statements for 90 projects;
- Provide training for 6,600 sewage treatment plant operators, managers,
and technicians; and
- Support the training of 60 undergraduates for entry into waste treatment
plant operation.
AC 35
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Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Industrial Source Control
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Industrial source control $79165S200 $6,976,500 -$188,700
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,, permits
issued by EPA under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
will be based on industrial wastewater effluent limitation guidelines and
standards which reflect the best practicable and best available control
technology. EPA has categorized each industry in terms of raw material
usage, product produced, manufacturing process employed, and other factors.
Raw waste characteristics are identified for each industrial category.
These characteristics are based upon waste and water material balance by
source; flow and volume of water and wastewater used and produced; and
the chemfcal, physical, and biological characteristics including toxic
constituents, and other constituents causing taste, odori and color effects.
Control and treatment technologies are identified, documented, and verified
within each industrial category. These cover in-plant control techniques;
all existing and potential treatment and control technologies, including
in-plant and end of process technologies; availability of recycling and recovery
techniques, including elimination of discharge; limitations, reliability^ and
required implementation time of each treatment technology; effects of applica-
tion of each treatment technology upon other pollution problems; resulting
solid wastes and solid waste control technologies; and intake structure tech-
nology. Cost information for each treatment technology is identified. These
include investment, annual (i.e., capital), depreciation, operating and main-
tenance costs, as well as energy and power costs. Data are evaluated to
determine the best practicable and currently available control technology; the
most economically feasible and available technology; and the best available
demonstrated control technology. Once these have been determined, then the
applicable effluent limitation guideline and/or standard is set for the industry.
Purpose of Decrease
The decrease reflects nonrecurring costs associated with the promulgation of
guidelines for the Group I- Phase I industries (which include major sub-
categories of"N:he industries) which will be essentially completed by
March 31, 1974. The decrease is offset by an increase to provide for the
full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 36
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Significant 1974 Accompli shments
- Developed and promulgated 30 sets of effluent guidelines and standards,
plus general provisions and intake water structures guidelines.
1975 Objectives
- Develop and promulgate guidelines for the second set (Phase II) of
subcategories of the Group I industries; and
- Develop and promulgate guidelines for 15 additional major industrial
categories in Group II.
AC 37
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Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Nonpoint Source Control
* !
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Nonpoint source control..,.-.. $1,688,400 $1,897,600 +$209,200
Nonpoint source pollution (NPS) is a significant portion of the total water
pollution load in the waters of the United States, For the Nation as a whole9
about one-third of the river pollution is from nonpoint sources. Following
implementation of point source controls, the NPS program will be a major
component of the national effort to achieve water quality goals.
The NPS problems result from many different kinds of pollution sourcess
including agriculture, silviculture (forestry and logging), mining, urban,
and rural sanitation runoff, and includes concern for the protection of ground-
water. In additions NPS includes pollution sources which are either point
sources smaller than the size defined for permit issuance under the NPDES or
are nonpoint associated but may be defined or treated in a point source control
fashion.
EPA's nonpoint source control program was initially established to
implement the 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Section 304(e) of the Act required the Administrator to develop and issue
by October 18, 1973, information for the identification and evaluation of the
nature and extent of nonpoint sources of pollutants and processes, procedures
and methods for the control of pollution from specified nonpoint categories.
This initial requirement was successfully completed and the information has
been issued in the form of eight informational reports on individual
nonpoint sources.
The FWPCA Act Amendments of 1972, coupled with Executive Order 11752,
provide new legislative and executive authorities for proceeding with
a coordinated Federal/State/areawide approach to nonpoint source control.
In the initial phase, through 1975, implementation will concentrate on
solution of readily controllable problems and on laying the basis for subsequent
full scale NPS control planning and action, through problem assessment,
defining technical and institutional remedial approaches, and developing the
planning framework for specific State and local programs. These efforts will
support a second phase of activities, characterized by the development of
State or areawide plans for all areas of the country. The second phase will
become fully effective in 1976, following completion of the first round of
NPDES permits.
AC 38
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The NFS program will focus on the nonpoint categories of urban, rural,
mining, salinity, and groundwater. Programs will emphasize development of
nonstructural solutions such as land use, land management and regulatory
provisions, with the objective of minimizing reliance on capital intensive
remedies.
j f
H.4 Purpose of Increase
?;^ To provide for an intensified effort in nonpoint sources which
t :|s emphasizes the development of nonstructural solutions such as land
use, land management and regulatory provisions with the objective of
„ ^ minimizing reliance on capital intensive remedies, and to provide for
< the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Signiif1cant 1974 Accomp1i s hmen ts
* - Published eight general informational reports on individual nonpoint
sources required by Section 304(e) of the Act.
j - Initiated four pilot demonstration projects on nonpoint source pollution
" problems, including mining, irrigation return flows, ground water,
and silviculture.
1 - Issued nonpoint source policy statement (Administrator's Decision
Statement) on subsurface emplacement of fluids.
1975 Objectives
- Identify and apply appropriate controls to nonpoint pollutant sources
that may be controlled by point source control techniques.
- Evaluate other Federal agencies' regulatory, leasing, financial assistance,
and land management programs to promote or secure directives or other
activities that will reduce NFS pollution from lands under their
jurisdiction.
- Development of model State laws and local government ordinances to
control nonpoint sources of pollution.
- Issue technical manuals on major alternative means to control specific
, «' nonpoint source pollution problems, i.e., vegetation on sterile soils,
restoration of mineral lands.
AC 39
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Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Ocean Disposal and Spill Prevention
.$ Justification
'1 1974 1975 Change
\.
Ocean disposal and spill
HS prevention $5,311,100 $5,148,800 -$162,300
\
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, EPA
is responsible for establishing or revising regulations, standards, and
- guidelines for protection of the water environment. Among these are oil and
hazardous material spill regulations, toxic standards, and ocean dumping
regulations and criteria.
J To provide efficient, coordinated, and effective actions that minimize
damage from oil and hazardous substances discharges and insure their containments
dispersal, and removal, a National Contingency Plan has been developed.
This plan delineates the responsibilities of the various Federal, State, and
local agencies, provides for equipment and supplies, and establishes the
National Emergency Response Team which is trained, prepared, and available
to provide the necessary services to carry out the plan.
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,, and
the Marine Protection, Research., and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, EPA promulgates
regulations for the issuance of permits and to designate both prohibited and
allowable ocean dumping sites. Final regulations for the issuance of ocean
dumping permits which were published in the Federal Register deal with the
procedures for issuing permits and the criteria a waste must meet for a
permit.
EPA has implemented a permit program for ocean disposal of waste material.
Since the program became operational 160 applications have been received and
56 permits granted.
', Purpose of Decrease
The decrease reflects nonrecurring costs associated with the promulgation
of the Harmful Quantity Regulation. The. reduction is offset by an increase to
provide for th^ full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
i Significant 1974 Accomplishments
H
- Prepared technical documents for and participated in the Intergovernmental
Maritime Consultative Organization convention for control of discharges of
oil and noxious substances;
AC 40
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- Published a National Contingency Plan for removal of oil and hazardous
substances;
- Issued regulations establishing procedures, methods, and equipment
requirements to prevent discharges of oil;
- Implemented programs at State level emphasizing spill prevention and
response;
- Provided technical assistance to other countries in development of
spill prevention, control, and response programs;
- Developed initial list of toxic substances (Section 307) and initiated
work on toxic effluent standards;
- Established and implemented an operational ocean disposal permit program;
- Issued regulations and criteria for issuance of permits for ocean dumping;
- Designated 105 locations as interim approved ocean dump sites;
- Formed an Interagency Coordinating Committee for Ocean Disposal to
coordinate all activities under the Act;
- Initiated baseline surveys to be conducted to determine the environmental
impact of dumping on the ocean; and
- Submitted Annual Report to the Congress.
1975 Objectives
- Promulgate the designation of hazardous materials, harmful quantities,
rate of penalty, and oil removal regulations;
- Revise the toxic substance list and toxic effluent standards;
- Report to whom and for what reason on the impact of discharges of
hazardous substances-on the biological, chemical and physical integrity of
the Nation's waters;
- Develop guidance and operating manuals on disasters, oil and hazardous
substances spills, toxic releases of air pollutants, personnel safety, and
effects of pollutants for public health, for who to use emergency response
actions during environmental disasters;
- Implement the oil prevention regulations and the NPDES special condition
requirement for SPCC plans for hazardous materials;
- Continue baseline surveys of ocean disposal sites on a site priority
basis;
AC 41
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Evaluate surveys inititated in 1974 to determine impact of dumping on
the marine environment; and
Implement a program for the managment of ocean disposal sites to insure
permanent damage will not occur in any part of the ocean in which
dumping occurs under EPA permits.
r
AC 42
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Abatement and Control
Water Quality
Areawide Waste Treatment Management Grants
(Section 208)
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Liquidation of contract
authority $4,000,000 $26,000,000 +$22,000,000
Contract authority.... $100,000,000 $150,000,000 +50,000,000
The Act authorizes State Governors to designate waste treatment management
and planning agencies under Section 208. These agencies will develop compre-
hensive plans which will affect the investment of both public and private
resources over an extended period of time. They are developed for metro-
politan and other areas with critical water conditions and water quality
control problems.
A management system will be developed from those plans which will
involve the operations of designated agencies to implement the plans.
This comprehensive management system in designated areas could become, by
the latter half of the decade, the keystone of the efforts to abate and
control water pollution, as it incorporates' all the principal functions of
water pollution control — planning, construction, and regulation.
Although the contract authority is $100 million in 1974 and $150 million
in 1975, it is estimated that only $25 million and $100 million, respectively,
will be utilized.
Purpose of Increase
To cover estimated 1975 payments against contractual obligations to
Section 208 waste treatment management agencies, Under the contract
authority provision of Section 208 of the 1972 Amendments, EPA is authorized
to incur contract obligations for grant assistance to waste treatment
management agencies. EPA estimates the payments that will be made each
year against these obligations and seeks appropriations to cover these
payments. During 1974, EPA initiated waste treatment management grants
to a limited number of agencies in major metropolitan areas. It is estimated
that in 1975,^100 million in contracted obligations will be incurred under
these grants and that payments totaling $26 million will be required against
these as well as the obligations made in 1974. Accordingly, $26 million in
appropriated funds, are requested for this activity.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Designated 25 areas for 208 planning.
1975 Objectives
- Designate 105 areas for 208 planning.
AC 43
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Water Supply
SECTION TAB
-------
§'*
Abatement and Control
Water Supply
Purpose
The purpose of the water supply program is to promote safe drinking
water supply systems for the Nation. The program establishes
drinking water standards and certifies water supply systems used
by interstate carriers, pursuant to the Public Health Service Act
and the Interstate Quarantine Regulations. It also aids, through
technical assistance and training activities, the improvement of State
and local water supply programs and water supply systems.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Technical Assistance......$2,207.100 $3.193,300 +$986,200
Total 2,207,100 3,193,300 +986,200
End-of-Year Employment
Technical Assistance...... 99 99
Total 99 99
Man-Years, Total 83 96 +13
AC 44
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Technical Assistance $2,207,100 $3,193,300 +$986,200
To expand collection of data and information needed in conjunction
with the Safe Drinking Water Act and to provide for the full-year
cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 45
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I Abatement and Control
sj . .
Water Supply
Technical Assistance
«
Justin cation
I
{ Ml 1975 Change
; Technical assistance... .....$2,207,100 $3,193,300 +$986,200
i
The water supply program involves four primary activities: (1) annual
,, certification of all drinking water supply systems serving interstate carriers,
t such as airplanes, trains, buses, and vessels; (2) development and
maintenance of a comprehensive inventory of public water supply systems;
(3) technical assistance and training to improves water supply systems and
; programs, including special studies and comprehensive State program
i evaluations; and (4) development of drinking water standards and implementa-
tion of their use to assure the maximum feasible protection of the public
; health.
The development of drinking water standards and the certification of
interstate carrier water supply systems are Uigislatively mandated functions.
A comprehensive inventory of public water supply systems is an esstential
element 1n the development and implementation of effective Federal, State,
and local water supply programs. Technical assistance and training are
vital means to implement the full application of water supply technology
to promote safe and adequate drinking water supply systems.
Purpose ofIncrease
The increase will be used to collect data and prepare information needed
in conjunction with the Safe Drinking Water Act. Information will be
collected on water quality* the operation and maintenance of water supply
systems and the monitoring of State surveillance systems. The increase
also provides for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Certified 700 interstate carrier water supply systems;
- Essentially completed the inventory of some 40,000 public water
supply systems;
^ \
•' - Completed the comprehensive evaluation of seven State water supply
programs;
- Completed the revision of the 1962 Drinking Water Standards;
AC
-------
- Completed three special studies of water supply systems serving the
traveling public;
- Completed a monograph on water treatment effectiveness and cost; and
- Completed a Manual for the Evaluation of State Drinking Water Supply
Programs.
1975 Objectives
- Fully implement the improvements in the operation of the interstate
carrier water supply certification program as recommended in the
Comptroller General's Report of November 17, 1973;
- Certify 700 interstate carrier water supply systems;
- Complete the comprehensive evaluation of four State water supply
programs;
- Complete a field study of disinfection techniques suitable for use on
small water supply systems;
- Develop a series of analytical reports, based on inventory data,
characterizing the Nation's public water supply systems;
- Develop additional standards and guidelines for constituents found in
drinking water as research data becomes available;
- Complete development of benefit/cost evaluation of the impact of
alternative levels for selected drinking water standards on public
health and welfare;
- Complete evaluations of water supply systems staffing, treatment, and
chemical usage;
- Continue and complete a study of water treatment cost and effectiveness;
- Complete survey reports characterizing State water supply programs;
- Plan for a study as appropriate to determine the maximum contaminant
levels to protect the health of persons from any known or anticipated
adverse effects; and
- Complete an inventory of water supply systems at Federal recreational
areas.
AC 47
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Solid Wastes
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Solid Wastes
Purpose
Under the solid waste abatement and control programs, EPA provides
technical assistance to Federal activities., States and local governments.
The purposes are to illustrate and encourage the use of the most advanced
practices in solid waste management and technology, encourage resource
recovery, assist in dealing with problems in disposal of toxic and
hazardous wastes, and assist in creating institutional change at the
local level to optimize disposal practices, and reduce costs. During
1974 there was a significant redirection of emphasis to the more pressing
task of bringing Federal leadership to the proper management, disposal, and
control of toxic hazardous wastes, and a significantly narrower role in
traditional activities-primarily related to the disposal of nonhazardous
wastes, planning, and training assistance to states to address local
productivity problems, and resource recovery.
The 1975 budget reflects a significant increase in new obligational
authority. However, prior year funds were carried over into 1974,
making the 1975 budget request equal to the 1974 spending level, including
carry over. This increase reflects (1) a reassessment of the resources
required to address the problems in the area of highest priority, hazardous
wastes; and (2) a reassessment of the Federal role in the traditional
activities, described above.
Specificallyj the increase reflects significantly increased technical
assistance efforts to address the problems in hazardous wastes, and to
encourage involvement of State and local governments to use existing
regulatory powers to address problems. The increase reflects significant
increases in efforts to stimulate the adoption of resource recovery systems.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Technical Assistance.. $6,548.,600 $9,675,400 +$3,126,800
End-of-Year Employment
Technical Assistance.. '162 162
Man-Years, Total... 163 156 -7
AC 48
-------
Summary of Increa_s_e_s_ _and_ .Decretset i ' • • _ ,
• •'/'.. ..:'•"• 1974 • • W$ • •'. Change
••• . ' • " . - ~"r ^ 1 it
Technical Assistance $6,548.600 $9>g75.400 •
To provide greater assistance on problems involving hazardous wastes and
to stimulate the adoption of resource recovery systems, and to provide
for the full -year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 49
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Abatement and Control
Solid Wastes
Technical Assistance
Justification
—!—' —
1974 1975 Change
Technical assistance ,.. $6,548,600 $9,675,400 -i-$39126s800
Technical assistance is provided to other Federal agencies, States,
and localities with the objective of improving environmental performance
while significantly lowering total solid waste management costs. Technical
assistance includes extensive efforts in providing technical information.,
operationally-oriented training, and technical studies covering various
aspects of solid waste management. EPA will issue solid waste management
guidelines which Federal agencies must meets and will review all Federal
agencies' environmental impact statements to assess the solid waste impact.
Purpose of Increase
The increase for technical assistance is directed to two areas:
hazardous wastes and resource recovery. In hazardous wastes, efforts will
be directed to (1) developing guidelines for treatment and disposal of
environmentally significant hazardous wastes and (2) to respond to
hazardous waste management problems, growing as more stringent air/water/
pesticides regulations are promulgated. In resource recovery, technical
assistance efforts are directed toward stimulation of energy recovery system
implementation. Accelerating fuel costs have made energy recovery from
waste a sound solid waste disposal option. Implementation is impeded largely
by institutional constraints (e.g., lack of knowledge, resistance to enter
into long-term contracts) that can be solved by technical assistance. The
increase also provides for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Efforts focused on providing assistance on many hazardous waste problems9
e.g., HCM (hexacholorobenzene) wastes in Louisiana which resulted in the
quarantine of cattle, herbicide (agent) orange sorted by the Department
of Defense, and DDT disposal problems.
- Efforts have resulted in (1) increased number of firms marketing recovery
systems; (2) increased financial support from the private and public
sector; and (3) replication of successful projects by local areas.
AC 50
-------
1975 Objectives
- To develop guidelines and information on specific treatment/disposal
techniques for hazardous wastes; and
- To stimulate further replication of recovery projects, focusing on
energy recovery.
AC 51
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Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
\ Abatement and Control
Pesticides
\'i>l EPA's pesticides abatement and control program is predominantly
*!' directed toward regulation of pesticides through registration of
pesticide products under authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
"j] and Rodenticide Act, as amended, and setting of pesticide residue tolerances
• under authority of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These activities are
closely supported by EPA's pesticide research and enforcement programs,
, , both of which are discussed in other sections.
-j
Other key elements of the program are the monitoring and surveillance
of environmental levels of pesticides, studies of effects of pesticides
*1 on human health, and analyses of samples of marketed pesticide products.
:! The activities provide much of the information needed to effectively
carry out the registration and residue tolerance programs.
Finally, the program includes the investigation of pesticide
accidents; the provision of technical assistance and information to
State and local regulatory and health agencies and other Federal agencies;
and provision of assistance to improve the knowledge and technical
capabilities of Federal, State, and local personnel involved in pesticide
activities.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority,
! Registrations and
Tolerances ---- ....» $6,215,500 $6,893,600 +$678,100
Monitoring........... 4,577,800 4,597,900 +20,100
Technical Assistance, 6,834,100 7,031.600 _ +197.500
Total ........ . .0 17,627,400 18,523,100 +895,700
, , End-of-Year^ Employment ,
Regi strati ons and
Tolerances. ........ 335 365 +30
Monitoring.. ---- ..... 82 82
Technical Assistance, _ 164 _ 1J54 _ ._._.
/' Total........... 581 611 +30
Man - Years, Total. ...... 499 579 +80
AC 52
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Registrations and Tolerances $6,215.500 $6,893.600 +$678,100
To provide for re-registration and classification actions; to provide
for the expected increase in experimental use permits; to accelerate
the review of suspect chemicals; and to provide for the full-year
cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Monitoring 4.577.800 4,597,900 +20,100
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Technical Assistance 6,834,100 7,031,600 +197,500
To provide for full-year employment costs of new positions authorized
in 1974 and for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 53
-------
Abatement and Control
Pesticides
Registration and Tolerances
justification
1974 1975 Change
Registration and tolerances...... $6,215,500 $6,893,600 +$678,100
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1972, as
amended, modified and expanded the activities required of EPA's pesticide
registrations and tolerances program under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicides
and Rodenticide Act. Since 1947, EPA and its predecessor agencies have
been regulating interstate pesticide products by registering them for specific
uses and assuring that their labels contain adequate directions for use and
safety precautions to protect human health and the environment. The new Act
adds the registration of intrastate products and requires classification
of all products for "general" or "restricted" use, if such restriction is
necessary to adequately safeguard health of the environment.
These provisions of the new Act take effect in 1975, and will create
an immediate backlog of some 44,000 actions above and beyond the normal
base level of incoming actions. The Act further requires that the entire
re-registration and classification process be completed within two years, by
October 1976.
Substantial increases in the volumes of Experimental Use Permits
for development of new pesticides and of residue tolerances for minor
crop uses are anticipated in 1975. Also in the program is the standard-
setting function, in which pesticides suspected of causing health or
environmental problems are reviewed and suspended or cancelled as required.
Purpose of Increase
The increase will allow EPA to handle approximately one-third of
the mandated re-registration and classification actions, as well as the
base load of registration and tolerance actions including expected increases
in Experimental Use Permits and minor crop tolerances. It will insure
continued maintenance of an acceptable total elapsed time for incoming
actions, It will enable the continuation of suspect chemical reviews at an
accelerated rate, and will provide for the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Maintained an acceptable overall elapsed time for processing
approximately 35,000 incoming registration and tolerance applications*,
- Developed and published new regulations on registration and classification
experimental use permits, and State registrations for "special
local needs";
AC 54
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__ - Completed six suspect chemical reviews; and
- Supported administrative litigation for eight previously reviewed suspect
chemicals.
• » 1975 Objectives
r j*-j - Re-register and classify 10S000 currently registered products;
- Register and classify 4,000 intrastate registered products;
- Continue to maintain acceptable elapsed time for processing incoming
actions; and *
"> - Continue suspect chemical reviews and litigation support at an
accelerated rate.
AC 55
-------
Abatement and Control
Pesticides
Monitoring
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Monitoring.... $4,577,800 $4,597,900 +$20,100
Pesticides and their residues in the environment are monitored to
provide essential feedback information for the registration and tolerance
program, to show changes in environmental concentrations of pesticides,
and to provide specific data for risk/benefit assessments. The results of
these efforts contribute to improved registration and tolerance standards,
the development of better and safer label directions, and support of
enforcement actions. Among the monitoring efforts being carried out are
sampling and analysis of the soil and aquatic environments for pesticide
residues, long range epidemiological studies, and the analysis of marketed
pesticide products collected by the pesticide enforcement program. The
effectiveness and efficiency of these efforts will be improved by the
implementation of the National Pesticide Monitoring Plan required by the
Federal Insecticide, Fungacide, and Rodenticide Act of 1972, as amended.
Purpose of Increase
The increase will provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973
pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Developed and published a National Pesticides Monitoring Plan;
- Collected and analyzed 1,533 soil samples from 37 States and 449
samples from five urban areas;
- Collected and analyzed approximately 800 samples from 113 major
estuarine systems; ,
- Established national water monitoring program for pesticides;
- Collected and analyzed 2,000 samples of human tissue;
- Supported epidemiological studies in 12 States; and
- Decentralized product analysis laboratories to the regions and
analyzed 6,000 marketed pesticide samples.
AC 56
-------
1975 Objectives
- Implement initial phase of National Pesticide Monitoring Plan;
- Expand scope of existing ambient level monitoring programs to
cover all States;
- Increase emphasis on specific target monitoring to support standard
setting and suspect chemical reviews;
- Collect and analyze 6,000 marketed pesticide samples, and
- Continue support for epidemic!ogical studies of effects of chronic
exposure to low levels of pesticides.
AC 57
-------
Abatement and Control
Pesticides
Technical Assistance
Justification
1974 1975 Change
' -'-"""
Technical assistance........ $6S834S100 $7,031,600 +$197,500
This program is directed toward assisting the States and other Federal
agencies to develop and maintain adequate pesticide-related programs.
The principal areas of assistance to States are in developing and
implementing plans for certification of pesticide applicators; in
training applicators; in developing effective programs for reporting and
investigating accidents; in controlling storage and disposal of excess
stocks of pesticides; in monitoring Experimental Use Permit programs;
and in promoting the development and implementation of safety-in-use and
integrated pest management activities with States.
Additional thrust under this program is directed toward developing,
implementing and maintaining pesticide technical information systems in
support of the registration and monitoring programs.
Purpose of Increase
The increase will provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973
pay raise and for the full-year employment costs of new positions authorized
in 1974.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Developed and published new regulations on certified applicator
standards and requirements for State training plans, and for disposal
and transportation of pesticides;
- Completed assessments of State capabilities and needs;
- Supported initiation of demonstration pilot contracts for training
applicators;
- Completed examination and reorientation of State and local system for
pesticide accident reporting and investigation;
- Implemented automated statistical analysis systems for monitoring program; and
- Implemented initial phases of comprehensive registration information
system.
AC 58
-------
I ' 1975 Objectives
i
- Through demonstration contracts establish the scope and nature of
,*, training required for certification of an adequate number of applicators;
*•*"•* ~ Establish in each State a central quality control point for all accident
and investigation reports;
>;
i - Assist States to develop adequate applicator certification programs; and
\
x - Continue development of registration and other information systems.
AC 59
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Radiation
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
k C
Purpose
The radiation program's abatement and control activities have as their
main focus EPA's responsibilities for setting the basic policies which
provide the basis for all Federal radiation protection programs and for
setting specific standards for radiation levels in the general environment.
Other components of the program contribute to guidelines and standard
effort, or to the improvement of State, local, or other Federal radiation
control programs. These include surveillance and monitoring to determine
levels of environmental radiation; provision of technical assistance to
other governmental agencies; and the conduct of reviews of federally
supported or licensed projects which are a source of environmental
radiation and related engineering studies.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Standards and Guidelines $765,000 $771,600 +$6,600
Monitoring.............. 1,549S300 1,559,700 +10,400
Technical Assistance.... 2,581,100 2,318,000 -263,100
Academic Training Grants 83,000 ^ -83,000
Total.........,,.., 4,978,400 4,649,300 -329,100
End-of-Year Employment
Standards and Guidelines 27 27
Monitoring.............. 59 59
Technical Assistance..,. 115 11.5
Academic Training Grants ... __. .. ._._._
Total.............. 201 201
Man-Years, Total.......... 185 195 +10
AC 60
-------
Suitmary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Standards and Guidelines $765,000 $771,600 +$6,600
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Monitoring 1,549,300 1,559,700 +10,400
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Technical Assistance 2,581,100 2,318,000 -263.100
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise offset
by a reduction in contracts for engineering studies.
Academic Training Grants 83,000 ._._, -83,000
To provide for the discontinuance of the radiation academic training
grant program.
AC 61
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
; Standards and Guidelines
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Standards and guidelines......... $765,000 $771,600 +$6S600
EPA has two primary responsibilities associated with radiation protection
standards and guidance. The first of these involves the formulation of
basic Federal policies on radiation protection standards. The second
responsibility is to establish environmental protection standards within these
policies to limit radiation levels in the general environment for both
ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant1974 Accomplishments
- Completed investigation of costs, benefits, and risks for uranium
fuel cycle and developed standards for that cycle and associated
fuel reprocessing facilities;
- Revised IAEA agreements on ocean dumping of radioactive materials to
be environmentally acceptable; and
- Developed data for future standards on long-lived transuranic
radionuclides such as plutonium.
1975 Objectives
- Develop general environmental standards and guides for nuclear
materials;
- Provide radiation guides applicable to the healing arts;
- Initiate revision of occupational exposure guides for radiation
workers; and
- Promulgate water quality criteria and drinking water standards for
radioactivity.
AC 62
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
Monitoring
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Monitoring................ $1,549,300 $1,559,700 $4-10,400
EPA's radiation monitoring activity provides baseline data on levels
of existing environmental radiation; determines any changes occurring in
the radiological quality of the environment, the magnitude of this change,
and the nature and probable source of the contaminant; provides data for
estimating population exposure to ionizing and nonionizing radiation;
determines if environmental levels are within established radiological
guidelines and standards; assists in evaluation of the effectiveness of
existing control programs; publishes environmental radiological quality
data from Federal, States and utility monitoring programs; and provides
consultation and technical assistance on monitoring activities to regional
offices. States, and other Federal agencies.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Srgnificant 1974 Accompl ishtnents
- Modified surveillance networks to better support environmental impact
evaluations and radiation standard setting;
- Conducted a field study of a high power nonionizing electromagnetic
radiation source to support issuance of guidance to Federal agencies
on thermal effects;
- Evaluated environmental effects of nuclear power plant operations on man;
- Continued development of pathway and dose model validation;
- Continued monthly publication of Radiation DataandReports;
- Continued quality assurance and uranium mill tailings effort; and
- Completed computational model for computing radiation doses due
to gaseous effluents at boiling water reactors.
AC 63
-------
1975 Objectives
:<'- r
~ Continue studies to determine the impact of nonionizing radiation
on man and the environment;
- Continue field investigations of uranium mill tailings problem in
nine western States;
- Operate existing radiation surveillance networks and collect and
publish radiological data;
•- Develop models for predicting environmental impact of radio-
active discharges from nuclear facilities and other radiation sources;
- Conduct environmental radiological assessment following accidental
releases of radioactivity from nuclear facilities; and
- Assist States in developing emergency response plans.
AC 64
-------
Abatement and Control
Radiation
Technical Assistance
Justifteation
1974 1975 Change
Technical assistance $2,581,100 $2,318,000 -$263,100
Technical assistance is a broad classification which can be divided
into three major components: State assistance, training, and regional
program development', technology assessment, including the Environmental
Impact Statement reviews of nuclear facilities; and engineering studies of
new technology. The primary efforts of the State assistance element are
oriented toward working with State radiation control programs in their
developmental efforts and bringing to this effort a national cohesive
perspective. This is accomplished by a small staff in each of EPA's
regional offices. The technology assessment effort is concerned with
evaluating the impact of nuclear technology on the environment. As
part of its overall responsibilities in technology assessment, EPA reviews
environmental impact statements submitted by other Federal agencies and
conducts detailed evaluations of proposals for the design, construction,
and modification of radiation producing facilities which are to be
operated by Federal agencies or are subject to Federal regulation. In
order to provide the technical base necessary to conduct these environ-
mental assessments, EPA also conducts a series of engineering studies
aimed at providing a better understanding of the design and operation
of new technologies, such as new types of power reactors or designs of
fuel reprocessing plants.
Purpose of Decrease
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise offset
by a reduction in contracts for engineering studies.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Reviewed approximately 30 environmental impact statements related
to the nuclear power industry and approximately 10 statements
related to other radiation activities such as aerospace applications
and Federal facilities;
- Completed field investigation phase of a study of an operating boiling
water reactor;
- Initiated study to evaluate the probabilities of accidents at fuel
reprocessing plants;
AC 65
-------
- Completed analyses of the contribution to the environmental impact
of the sources in the nuclear fuel cycle; and
- Provided technical information and assistance to State and local
governmentSs including promotion of State control programs and
development and testing of emergency plans.
1975 Objectives
- Continue review of environmental impact statements;
- Complete analysis of the environmental consequences of accidents
at fuel reprocessing plants;
- Complete analysis of accident consequences at fuel fabrication
plants; and
- Continue providing technical information and assistance to State
and local governments, including promotion of State control
programs and development and testing of emergency plans.
AC 66
-------
i Abatement and Control
Radiation
i Academic Training Grants
Justification
a
1974 1975 Change
(SEp1^
{ ! Academic training grants $83,000 ... -$83,000
To assure availability of academic resources adequate to provide
professionally and technically trained personnel for staffing of State and
< •*} Federal radiation control programs, EPA makes grants to selected academic
institutions to support partial costs of faculty salaries and equipment
T"i and, in some Instances, tuition and stipends for selected students.
Purpose of Decrease
J 5 Discontinuance of academic training grant program.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
n ~~ • :
- Supported one institution offering graduate training for approximately
10 prospective entry level radiation protection professionals, and
- Provided tuition, fees, and stipend support for five students enrolled
in this program.
AC 67
-------
Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
i
Abatement and Control
Noise
Purpose
The Noise Control Act of 1972 provides authority for strong Federal
involvement in the abatement and control of noise pollution. It
authorizes establishment of noise emission standards and labeling regulations
for products distributed in commerce as well as noise standards for interstate
motor and rail carriers. The Act further requires EPA to review aircraft/
airport noise control practices and to propose appropriate noise abatement
regulations for the Federal Aviation Administration to promulgate. Noise
emission standards, which are intended to protett the public health
and welfare, will reflect the degree of noise reduction achievable through
application of the best available technology, taking into account the cost
of compliance and appropriate safety considerations. The Act makes EPA
responsible for coordination of all noise control and noise research
programs being carried out by the Federal Government. It extends EPA's
original authority (under the Clean Air Amendments of 1970) to provide
technical assistance to Federal agencies to include technical assistance
to State and local governments to facilitate development and implementation
of their noise control programs. In support of all these activities, EPA
disseminates information on the effects of noise, acceptable noise levels,
and techniques for noise measurement and control.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Standards and Guidelines... $2,268,300 $3,472,200 +$1,203,900
Technical Assistance ....... 1,223,000 1,226.300 _ +3.300
Total ........... . ..... 3,491,300 4,698,500 +1,207,200
End-of-Year Emplp^ment
Standards and Guidelines... 20 30 +10
Technical Assistance ..... , . _ 15 _ 15 _ ,. . .
Total..... ........... . 35 45 +10
Man- Years, ToteJ.,.* ......... 32 39 +7
AC 68
-------
SummaryOfIncrease sand Decrease s
1974 1975 Change
Standards and Guidelines $2,268,300 $3,472,200 +$1,203,900
-~ " ' ' ~~~ ' ' —-
To provide for expansion of activities necessary for development of
noise emission standards required to implement the Noise Control Act
of 1972; and to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973
pay raise.
Technical Assistance r 1.223,000 1,226,300 +3,300
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
AC 69
-------
Abatement and Control
Noi se
Standards and Guidelines
JustificatijDn
il 1974 1975 Change
Standards and guidelines . $2,268,300 $394729200 +$1,203,900
1 The Noise Control Act of 1972 requires the Environmental Protection
Agency to promote an environment free from naise that jeopardizes
-j public health and welfare. The major regulatory thrusts of this
1 legislation are establishing noise emission standards for newly
manufactured products which are major sources of noise and designating
products for labeling as to noise levels; development and implementation
i of standards for interstate railroad and motor carriers, and developing
I and recommending to the Federal Aviation Administration standards for the
control of aircraft and airport noise.
| Purpose ofIncrease
,, In 1975, regulations suggested by the aircraft and airport noise
• report completed in 1974 will be developed and proposed to FAA for
promulgation. To ensure adoption and implementation of these regulations,
additional man-years must be devoted to establishing and maintaining a
close working relationship with FAA. Also, the rate at which noise
emission standards are developed and proposed for manufactured products
which are major noise sources should be continued in 1975 to permit a
significant and timely impact on the noise problem. The proposed budget
increase will allow needed expansion of those activities and will also
provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Published public health and welfare criteria for noise;
- Published a document en levels of environmental noise needed to protect
public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety;
- Submitted report to the Congress on aircraft/airport noise;
- Identified^ products which are major sources of noise;
| - Proposed standards for interstate railroads and interstate motor
carriers;
AC 70
-------
- Develop cost/technology information necessary for proposing standards
for two products identified as major sources of noise; and
- Develop technical material to support recommendations to the Federal
Aviation Administration standards for the measurement of aircraft
noise.
1975 Objectives
- Develop cost/technology information necessary for proposing standards
for two additional products identified as major sources of noise;
- Propose standards for four products identified as major sources of
noise;
- Promulgate final standards and regulations for two products identified
as major sources of noise;
- Promulgate final standards and regulations for interstate railroads
and interstate motor carriers;
- Recommend to the Federal Aviation Administration standards for the
measurement and control of aircraft and airport noise;
- Consult with FAA to get recommended aircraft/airport noise regulations
adopted and implemented;
- Propose labeling regulations for each product identified as a major
source of noise; and
- Study overall Federal agency responsibilities for control of aviation
noise and establish formal mechanisms for developing plans and
coordinating efforts.
AC 71
-------
Abatement and Control
Noise
Technical Assistance
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Technical assistance $1,223,000 $1,226,300 +$3S300
EPA provides technical information and assistance to State, local
and other Federal agencies for the abatement and control of noise.
This assistance consists of guidance and direct support to State and local
agencies in the implementation of noise control programs, developing
model noise laws and ordinances, coordinating Federal noise control
programs, and examining Federal facilities for compliance with State
and local laws. Other assistance includes specialized workshops, seminars,
and training sessions covering the selection of equipment, training of personnel,
collection and analysis of data, and compliance and enforcement procedures.
In 1975, greater effort will be applied to assisting state and local
agencies in development and implementation of their noise control programs.
Such programs become increasingly important as EPA develops its noise
source regulations, the effectiveness of which will often depend on
application of local use standards.
Purpose ofIncrease
The proposed increase will provide for the full-year cost of the
October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Published regulations establishing the procedures through which a
product may qualify as a low-noise-emission product for preference in
Federal Government purchasing;
- Compiled information for a report to the Congress on the status of
noise research and control programs of all Federal agencies;
- Advised States and local governments on methods of controlling
ambient noise levels and training of noise control personnel;
- Initiated Federal interagency coordination for consulting on
standards and regulations concerning noise control;
- Advised States and cities on community noise surveys and evaluation
of existing or planned noise programs, and reviewed proposed
legislation;
- Developed the methodology for a national environmental noise monitoring
program;
AC 72
-------
- Initiated a centralized information base on all noise laws and
ordinances;
- Disseminated information on noise effects, acceptable levels
of noise, and measurement and control techniques;
- Produced a report on State and Municipal Non-Occupational Noise
Programs; and
- Reviewed environmental impact statements to determine whether
resulting noise levels would adversely affect the environment,
1975 Objectives
- Continue to render technical assistance to State and local
governments to develop noise control programs;
- Submit first report to the Congress on status of noise control
and research programs of all Federal agencies;
- Conduct community noise surveys to characterize public health and
welfare effects of noise which will be useful in the development of
noise product regulations;
- Implement national environmental noise trend monitoring program;
- Consult with all Federal agencies which propose standards and
regulations for noise control;
- Assist regional offices to develop Federal interagency and
intergovernmental coordination to deal with noise control problems
in their areas;
- Stimulate development of low-noise-emission products by certifying
certain products as eligible for preference in Federal government
purchasing practices;
- Provide information and assistance concerning model noise laws and
ordinances;
- Promote noise workshops and training sessions to assist State and local
governments in the development and implementation of noise control
programs; and
- Update report on State and local governments non-occupational noise
programs for use in preparing report to Congress on status of
noise control programs.
AC 73
-------
Toxic Substances
SECTION TAB
-------
Abatement and Control
Toxic Substances
Purpose
This activity encompasses the staffing and funding of the activities
of the Office of Toxic Substances. These activities include the
coordination of the Agency's efforts addressed to multimedia toxic
substances; use and development of predictive techniques to identify,
on the basis of minimal informations substances most likely to pose
a hazard to man or the environment; development and implementation of
schemes to monitor air, water, and soil for selected toxic chemicals;
analysis and development of testing protocols for hazardous chemicals;
and development of control strategies to reduce the risks associated
with selected chemicals.
B udge t Au th prity
S tan Hards ana Gu i de-
lines
Total
End-of-Year Employment
lines
Total
Man-Years, Total
1974
$4,292,200
4,292,200
34
34
"17
1975
$6,797,100
6,797,100
44
44
. 38
Increase
or Decrease
+$2,504^900
+2,504,900
+10
+10
+2T
AC 74
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
Standards and Guidelines
1974
1975
$4,292,200 $6,797,100
Change
+$2,504,900
To provide for the expansion of the staff of the Office of Toxic
Substances and to provide for additional analyses and steps to reduce
risks associated with toxic chemicals.
AC .75
-------
Abatement and Control
ft""! Toxic Substances
• * Standards and Guidelines
\\ * "
,^j Justification
v! . "—~~
.* »
1974 1975 Change
f
: i Standards and guidelines $4,292,200 $6,797,100 +$2,504,900
Activities of the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) include development
| of coordination of Agency activities in the toxic substances area,
predictive techniques for early warning, monitoring schemes, testing
protocols, and control strategies for multimedia pollutants. In addition,
""] OTS is preparing to implement the Toxic Substances Control Act. These
* I activities include (1) development of reporting and data processing schemes,
(2) development of standards for test protocols, and (3) efforts to restrict
vi troublesome chemicals.
<• * -,
Purpose of Increase
! To expand the staff of the Office of Toxic Substances, to provide
» i for additional analyses and steps to reduce risks associated with toxic
chemicals.
T •*,
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Initiated action programs to clarify and reduce risks associated
with several highly toxic chemicals of immediate concern (e.g.
asbestos, hexachlorobenzene, and benzidine);
- Completed preliminary evaluation of current approaches for toxi-
cological and environmental testing of toxic chemicals; and
4
-------
Promulgation of initial regulations for industrial reporting, testing,
and restrictive actions; and
Assessment of the risks associated with about 15 suspected chemicals
and development of appropriate control strategies.
AC 77
-------
Program
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
\ Abatement and Control
**,
. 1v, Program Management and Support
* V ^
Purpose
-rS| This activity encompasses the overall management of and support for
>.- * the Abatement and Control programs described in the foregoing sections.
It also covers the staffing and funding of the Division of Intergovern-
; mental Activities of the Office of Legislation.
Increase
-"'•} 1974 1975 or Decrease
' {
Budget Authority
Program Management..., $6,002,500 $6S059S600 +$57,100
\ Program Support..... ..18S665S700 25S533S000 +6,867,300
j National Academy of
! Science Study , 5,000,000 ... -5.000.000
. ^ , , . , , ,
: Total ,...,.....29,668,200 313592S600 +1,924,400
End-of-Year Employment
Program Management 197 197
Program Support ...
, , National Academy of
Science Study............ ..... ._.__.
Total 197 197
Man-Years. Total ,. 212 191 -21
AC 78
-------
Summary of Increasesand Decreases
1974 1975 Change x
Program Management $6.002.500 $6,059,600 +$57,100
•
Air and water programs 2,828,900 2,849,600 +20,700
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Hazardous materials control 2,851,500 2,885,100 +33,600
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Intergovernmental activities 322,100 324,900 +2,800
To provide the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Program Support 18,665,700 25,533,000 +6,867,300
To cover a prorated share of the Agency's increased funding requirements
for common support services—refer to the section on Agency and
Regional Management for a description of these requirements.
National Academy of Science
Study : 5»OOP.OOP ... -5,000,000
A nonrecurring environmental study.
AC 79
-------
, . Abatement and Control
Program Management and Support
Program Management
? 3
i I Justification
H 1974 1975 Change
Air and water programs....... $2S8289900 $2,849,600 +$20S700
• This activity provides for overall management of the Office of Air and
v Water Programs, including the development of program policies and strategies,
the overall planning of air and water activities, the monitoring and review
of program performances including that performed in the regions, and the
direction of the program activities performed in headquarters. To carry
out these functionss this activity provides for the following staffing
of managerial personnel:
1974 1975
i
Office of Ai r and Water Programs 47 47
Office of Water Programs Operations.,..., 8 8
Office of Water Planning and Standards 4 4
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 10 10
Office of Mobile Sources Air Pollution Control. 12 12
Purpose of Increase
The increase will provide forjthe full-year cost of the October 1973
pay raise. '
r
Hazardous materials control I
programs................... '2,851,500 $2,885,100 +33S600
This activity provides for overall management of the Office of Hazardous
Materials Control Programs, including the development of program policies
and strategies, the overall planning of the respective program activitiess
- the monitoring and review of prohram performances including that performed
in the regionss and the direction of the program activities performed at
headquarters. To carry out these functions, this activity provides for
;; the following staffing of managerial personnel:
1974 1975
>;,
/ Office of Hazardous Materials Control Programs 35 35
Office of Pesticides Programs................. 37 37
Office of Radiation Programs....................... 25 25
Office of Noise Control Programs 8 8
Office of Toxic Substances Programs............... 5 5
AC 80
-------
Purpose of Increase
The increase provides for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay
raise.
1974 1975 Change
Intergovernmental activities $322,100 $324,900 +$2,800
This activity provides for the staffing and funding of the Intergovern-
mental Relations Division of the Office of Legislation, This Division
provides the liaison between and coordination of EPA's programs with
State and interstate organizations. The Division has a staff of six.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
*>
AC 81
-------
Abatement and Control
Program Management and Support
Program Support
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Program support , $18,665,700 . $25,533,000 +$6,8679300
This element constitutes the prorated share of EPA's total funding
requirements for common support services. These funding requirements cover
certain agencywide and regional lease, communication, and other common service
costs which are managed through a single headquarters and ten regional
accounts. These requirements are fully described in the section covering
Agency and Regional Management. The prorated share charged under this
element represents that portion required to support the programs funded
and conducted under the Abatement and Control appropriation account,
Purpose of Increase
This increase, together with those under similar elements under the
Research and Development and Enforcement appropriation accounts, is
described under the section covering Agency and Regional Management.
AC 82
-------
Abatement and Control '
Program Management and Support
National Academy of Science Study
Justification
1974 1975 Change
National Academy of Science
Study $5,000,000 ... -$5,000,000
This activity provides for a study of Agency programs to be carried
out under contract with the National Academy of Sciences. The study will
consider a variety of technical areas and will have two general objectives:
(1) improving the utilization of scientific input into the Agency's decision
making processes; and (2) developing better mechanisms for identifying and
quantifying various types of damage and avoidance costs associated with
polluting activities. Specific tasks will be selected following consultation
with NAS. It is expected that a contract with NAS will be executed by
June 30, 1974, and the work will extend over a period of several years.
Purppse of Decrease
The cost of the NAS contract is a non-recurring cost since it will
be funded in its entirety in 1974.
AC 83
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Purpose
Enforcement responsibilities are in the areas of air pollution
control, water pollution control, pesticides control, and noise control.
Much of the effort is in support of or in cooperation with State and
local enforcement programs, such as the enforcement of State Implemen-
tation Plans; navigable and interstate regulations; and issuance of
discharge permits. Some efforts, however, are primarily Federal
responsibilities, such as the enforcement of air mobile source standards
and pesticides product registration. Enforcement includes compliance
monitoring and such actions as notices of violation, abatement orders,
civil and criminal court actions, and in the case of pesticides, recalls
and seizures. Included also is the Office of General/Regional Counsel as
well as the overall management and support of the enforcement programs.
1973 1974 1975
Budget Au_thon ty
Air $3,922,482 $8,598,400 $10,673,900
Water Quality 19,297,640 23,401,000 23,953,600
Pesticides.. 1,841,268 3,108,300 3,649,700
Noise ... 20,600 20,800
Program Management
and Support 8,958,817 11,652.700 15.042.000
Total 34,020,207 46,781,000 53,340,000
Manpower Resources 1973 1974 1975
End-of-Year Employment. 1,322 1,557 1,603
Man-Years... 1,306 1,399 1,533
E-l
-------
•
Air
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Air
Purpose
The air enforcement program is directed toward achieving compliance
with the standards and regulations established for stationary and mobile
,„„., sources of air pollution under the provisions of the Clean Air Act, as
! , . amended. The stationary source enforcement program 1s being undertaken
J' in cooperation with the States and includes enforcement of State implemen-
tation plans, New Source Performance Standards, and National Emission
^} Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. The mobile source enforcement
J program is primarily a Federal effort directed toward achieving com-
pliance with fuel and motor vehicle emission standards and regulations.
f]
; ' Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Stationary Source
Enforcement $7,351,600 $8,418S200 +$1,066,600
Mobile Source
Enforcement 1.246,800 2.255,700 +1,008.900
Total.. 8,598,400 10,673S900 +2,075,500
End-of-Year Employ-
ment
I Stationary Source
- * Enforcement.....
Mobile Source
* 1 Enforcement
Total........
W i
- ' Man-Years, Total....
274
37
311
250
324
86
410
351
+50
+49
+99
+101
E-2
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 197.5 Change
Stationary Source Enforcement $7,351,600 $8,418,200 +$1,066,600
To provide for a regional field surveillance program to determine the
compliance status of sources subject to emission regulations of State
Implementation Plans and provide an index of the effectiveness of State
enforcement programs as well as the basis for EPA enforcement actions;
to achieve compliance with Federal Standards and States Implementation
Plan requirements based on implementation of individual State-by-State
enforcement strategies designed to encourage and support State
enforcement efforts; and to provide for the full-year cost of the
October 1973 pay raise.
Mobile Source Enforcement 1,246,800 2,255,700 +1,008.900
To establish a regional field sampling and inspection program of
gasoline retail outlets to assure the general availability of lead-
free fuel; to provide for a level of staffing to permit adequate
inspection frequency of domestic and foreign vehicle manufacturers'
certification practices; to implement an assembly line inspection and
emission test activity; to provide for an increased level of effort to
monitor compliance with the prohibitions against importation of
uncertified motor vehicles; to increase capability to evaluate informa-
tion of in-use performance for recall determinations and to investigate
tampering and warranty violations; to develop and monitor an enforcement
program for transportation control plans; and to provide for the full-
year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
E-3
-------
Enforcement
Air
Stationary Source Enforcement
Justification
__
1974 1975 Change
Stationary source enforcement $7,351,600 $8S4183200 +$1,066,600
The stationary source air enforcement program is designed to
effectively utilize the enforcement authorities provided by the Clean
Air Act to ensure nationwide compliance with State Implementation Plans
(SIP's), New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS). Responsibility for
enforcement of standards applicable to stationary sources is shared by
EPA and the States. Primary responsibility for enforcement of State
Implementation Plans rests with the States although EPA must assume
responsibility where States fail to act.
Accordingly, EPA's stationary source enforcement program consists of
monitoring and evaluation of State enforcement programs; provision of
technical, legal, and case development assistance to State programs;
field surveillance and monitoring of compliance of major facilities; and
selective Federal enforcement of implementation plan requirements designed
to encourage and support State efforts and to foster voluntary compliance.
Purpose of Increase
By and large, the major effort of assisting States in developing
implementation plans required by the Clean Air Amendments of 1970 has
been completed and the task ahead is to assist the States or otherwise
assure execution of these plans. The increased resources will be employed
to work more closely with State enforcement programs in the attainment of
three basic objectives: (1) monitoring increments of progress in compliance
schedules, (2) field surveillance program to determine compliance status
of sources to emission requirements in State plans, and (3) increased
enforcement actions by State or EPA, as appropriate. The increase also
provides for the full-year costs of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Established improved liaison with State enforcement programs.
- Developed, reviewed, and approved an estimated 20,000 compliance
schedules in cooperation with the States,
E-4
-------
- Developed an automated information system to store basic data from
State compliance schedules and enforcement actions for hazardous
air pollutants.
- Conducted a major hearing on the status of compliance of power plants
with sulfur dioxide requirements and initiated a program to develop
enforceable compliance schedules for power plants.
- Evaluated State enforcement programs and developed a Federal enforcement
strategy in each State designed to assure compliance with SIP's.
7 Investigated approximately 13,000 potential sources; registered 675 as
being subject to NESHAPS of which 550 were found to be in compliance
and the remaining 125 were placed on waivers.
- Conducted approximately 3,000 inquiries, inspections, and
Investigations of sources to determine compliance status.
-i Issued approximately 250 notices of violations and initiated an
estimated 90 abatement orders and conferences and two court actions.
1975 Objectives
- Assist States in monitoring increments of progress in some 20,000
compliance schedules under State Implementation plans.
- Stimulate and assist the development of strong, effective State
enforcement programs.
T Emphasize delegation of NSPS and NESHAP enforcement to the States.
- Provide direct Federal enforcement of NSPS and NESHAPS where not
delegated to States, including notices of violations, abatement
orders, and court actions as necessary.
i
- Implement a field surveillance program and conduct approximately
6,000 investigations of major sources in cooperation with States
to determine compliance status.
- Issue notices of violation, initiate abatement orders and court
actions necessary to achieve compliance with State implementation
plans in cooperation with States.
E-5
-------
Enforcement
Ai r
$1 Mobile Source Enforcement
sis.]. { '
' - \
Justification
ifi
•*' 1974 1975 Change
Mobile source enforcement,... $1,246,800 $2,255,700 +$1,008,900
i
The mobile source enforcement program is directed primarily toward
achieving compliance with the vehicle emission standards and fuel
i regulations promulgated by EPA under the provisions of the Clean Air Acts
as amended. The activities of this program include preventing the
introduction of uncertified new domestic and imported vehicles into
] commerce; examining the certification procedures of domestic and foreign
', automobile manufacturers; enforcement of the assembly-line inspection,
recall, warranty and tampering provisions of the Act; and enforcing
Federal regulations of fuels and fuel additives.
Pu rpose of In crease
The purpose of the increase is to establish a regional .field sampling
and inspection program for gasoline retail outlets to assure general
availability of lead-free fuel; to provide-for a level of staffing to
permit adequate inspection frequency of domestic and foreign vehicle
manufacturers' certification practices; to develop an assembly-line
inspection and emission test activity; to evaluate information on in-use
performance for recall determinations and to investigate tampering and
warranty violations; and to develop and monitor an enforcement program for
transporation control plans. The increase also provides for the full-year
cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
-' Significant 1974 Accomplishments
i - Developed a sampling program for enforcing compliance with lead-free
i gasoline regulations. ••
- Conducted more than 20 inspections of vehicle certification and
q production compliance records and of procedures of all major
manufacturers of vehicles sold in the U.S., including those in Europe
and Japan; initiated 18 investigations of possible violations, and
* referred five violations to the Department of Justice for prosecution.
E-6
-------
- Monitored an estimated three million imported vehicles and engines
for compliance with emission control regulations-, inititated 18
investigations of illegal importations, issued over 200 orders that
nonconforming vehicles be modified^ exported, or bonds thereon
forfeited, and referred two violations to the Department of Justice
for prosecution.
- Initiated 18 investigations for potential recall orders for in-use
vehicles and issued six recall orders; including self-initiated
recalls by manufacturers and EPA ordered recalls3 more than two million
vehicles were recalled for emission control purposes.
- Initiated 18 investigations of potential tampering violations; five
cases were referred to Justice for prosecution.
- Conducted six public hearings on requests for extensions and waivers
and on proposed transportation control plans.
- Encouraged and assisted States in the development of transportation
control plans and aided in the promulgation of Federal plans where
necessary.
- Issued 35 exemptions from Clean Air Act prohibitions, including 11
exemptions from aircraft emissions regulations and 24 exemptions from
vehicle certification requirements.
1975 Objectives
- Establish a regional field sampling and inspection program for
gasoline retail outlets to assure general availability of lead-free
fuel.
- Perform 20 inspections of domestic and foreign vehicle manufacturers'
certification and production compliance programs.
- Develop an assembly-line inspection and emission test activity.
- Perform an estimated 80 investigations of possible standards and
regulations violations, initiate approximately 12 recalls to correct
deficiencies on in-use vehicles-, issue more than 400 administrative
orders and refer cases for prosecution where warranted.
- Publish regulations interpreting the production warranty of the
Clean Air Act.
- Assure implementation by States of transportation control plans.
E-7
-------
Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Water Quality
Purpose
*s< This activity encompasses the conduct of various enforcement actions
to achieve compliance with oil and hazardous material regulations; with
waste discharge permits issued, establisheds or otherwise provided by
"'* the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended; as well as compliance
', with the Refuse Act and the Marine Protection,, Research,, and Sanctuaries
Act of 1972. It also includes the review, issuances, and monitoring of
waste discharge permits authorized by the FWPCA Amendments of 19.72, These
' activities are conducted cooperatively with the States and maximum State
; assumption of these responsibilities is encouraged.
; Increase
* 1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
'• Water Qua!ity Enforcement $11,338,000 $11,450,700 +$112,700
Water Quality Permit
Program................ 12,063,000 12,502,900 +439,900
Total 23,401.,000 23,95.3,600 +552,600
End-of-Yea r Employment
Water Quality Enforcement 467 467
Water Quality Permit
Program.................. 490 425 -65
Total............... 957 892 -65
\ Man-Years, Total........... 902 896 -6
E-8
-------
f
Summary of Increases and Decreases
J1 1974 1975 Change
Water Quality Enforcement $11,338,000 $11,450,700 +$112,700
~^ * "— " • • —
t
* ^ The requested Increase provides for the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise.
i
Water Quality Remit Program 12,063,000 12,502,900 +439,900
-...--•—. T ••----• r---ii V...-.i,-_. i-.... -*T_ ..-•_.. n—... -—.. N. •-_....-.--_... _._ *rf - ... •-_. -..__. -•- - - I •-...__. -.. •-..... •— - ... —-.- -!_..—j_ra-. IT.—. • "II---- -in---. ~_rrT—_.... .-j-__ — m ~r.. . .u- -„.... »-.ii_. .-
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise; to
• provide for the full-year cost of new positions authorized in 1974; and
,to reflect a decrease as a result of reprogramming of positions.
E-9
-------
'"''"' Enforcement
Water Quality
*,•• Water Quality Enforcement
Bh
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Water quality enforcement.... $11,338,000 $1194503700 +$112,700
Water quality standards have been required for all interstate navigable
waters in the United States since the passage of the 1965 Amendments to
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The 1972 Amendments to the
Act have extended this regulatory authority by ca11tngrfQC the establishment
of compatible water quality standards for the intrastate waters of each
State and requiring that a waste discharge permit system based upon
effluent limits for municipal, industrial, and other waste discharges be
established.
The focus of the water enforcement program falls on the enforcement
of permit conditions as well as the enforcement of the water requirements
established under the 1972 Amendments of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, the Refuse Act, and the Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
Emphasis will be placed on two different areas of activity. One area
includes those activities which assess whether there is compliance with
waste discharge permits. These include the implementation of an
effective Federal/State compliance monitoring program which encompasses
chemical and biological investigationss the identification of non-filers,
and other necessary support for enforcement actions. Other activities
involve evaluating self-monitoring data and analyzing the quarterly
compliance reports from the EPA regions and approved state agencies. In
addition, efforts will be made to provide for effective public participation
in the NPDES program. The other area of activity emphasized involves the
preparation of appropriate enforcement actions, including administrative
orders, imposition of civil penalties, and referrals to the United States
Attorney or the United States Coast Guard when there is noncompliance with
Section 402 and other parts of the 1972 amendments to the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, the Refuse Act, and the Marine Protection, Research,
and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
Purpose of Increase
- To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Held approximately 350 public hearings prior to the issuance of permits
and participated in similar hearings held by the States.
E-10
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- Surveyed discharges in water quality limited basins to support the
development and issuance of permits in these basins.
- Completed case preparation and referred approximately 100 cases to i
the U.S. Attorney and 500 cases to the U.S. Coast Guard. \
- Monitored on an ad hoc basis those dischargers for which permits
had been issued and developed a total compliance monitoring program
for full implementation in 1975.
- Issued administrative orders to those sources found to be in violation
of permit conditions and referred civil/criminal actions as appropriate.
1975 Objectives
- Hold approximately 350 public hearings prerequisite to the issuance
of permits and participate in similar hearings held by the States.
- Investigate through compliance monitoring approximately 6,000 dischargers
and review approximately 26,000 self-monitoring reports.
- Issue administrative orders to all those dischargers who are in
violation of the conditions of their permits and refer civil/criminal
actions as appropriate.
- Initiate approximately 200 referrals to.the U,S. Attorney and 500
referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard.
E-ll
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Enforcement
Water Quality
Water Quality Permit Program
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Water quality permit program. $12,063,000 $12,502,900 +$439,900
During 1975, the Permit Program will be primarily concerned with
completing the review of all initial permit applications, and significantly
expanding and improving State and public participation in the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Continued emphasis will
be focused on delegating the permit issuing authority to States with
qualifying permit programs. Also, EPA will continue to ensure that the
views of all parties involved in the issuance of permits are considered
in this process.
The water quality program primarily involves the review of permit
applications, the development of the conditions to be made part of the
permits (treatment levels, monitoring requirements, compliance schedules,
etc.) and the issuance of permits. EPA ensures that State .views are
considered in the preparation of EPA issued permits and works closely
with those States to which the program has been transferred, assisting
them in training personnel and in reviewing and developing permit
conditions.
EPA estimates that there are a total of approximately 70,000 discharges
presently covered under the NPDES: 28,000 industrial; 21,000 municipal;
11,500 agricultural and commercial; and more than 10,000 privately owned
treatment works. First priority will be given to the issuance of all
identified major industrial discharge? permits by December 31, 1974, and,
as a minimum, development of draft permits for all remaining minor
dischagres.
Increased emphasis will be pn the expansion of States' roles in the
NPDES program. EPA activities will include technical and management
training, temporary assignments of EPA personnel to States, and pre-
approval working arrangement, including development of agreements for
State drafting of permits for EPA issuance, joint public notices, fact
sheets, hearings, and expedited State certifications.
E-12
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Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of new positions authorized 1n 1974
and for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise; these additional
requirements are partially offset by a $300,000 reduction accomplished through
reprogramming of positions. This reprogramming is made possible as a
result of issuance of the bulk of permits by December 31, 1974.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Approved 15 State programs for transfer of permit issuing authority
under the NPDES program.
- Issued 1,500 major industrial and municipal permits.
- Issued 8,500 minor industrial and municipal permits.
1975 Objectives
- Assure issuance of all major industrial and municipal discharger permits
by EPA or the States.
- Assure issuance of a substantial number of minor .permits for all categories
by EPA or States.
- Approve 10 additional State permit programs for delegation of NPDES
authority and work to strengthen other State programs to foster
delegation.
- Conduct selected review of State issued permits to assure quality of
permits being issued.
E-13
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Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Pesticides
Purpose
The EPA pesticides enforcement program includes the registration
and inspection of pesticide producing establishments-, the surveillance
of pesticides products on the market piace9 imported pesticide products
experimental use permits and pesticide uses; and the initiation of
enforcement actions when violations are detected, including civil
actions, criminal prosecutionss stop saless and injunctive actions as
required to implement the Federal Environmental Pesticides Control
Act of 1972.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Pesticides Enforcement... $3,108,300 $3,649,700 +$541.400
Total... 3,108,300 3,649,700 +541,400
End-of-Year Employment
Pesticides Enforcement... 157 157
Total . 157 157
Man-Years. Total........... 125 152 +27
E-14
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Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
!»*} Pesticides Enforcement $3,108,300 $3,649,700 +$541,400
^ The increase provides for full-year employment costs of the new
;^ positions filled in 1974 and for the full-year cost of the October
*'' 1973 pay raise.
E-15
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Enforcement
Pesticides Enforcement
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Pesticides enforcement... $3,108,300 $3,649,700 +$541,400
The pesticides enforcement program for 1975 will be a continuation
of ongoing activity to inspect products on the market to determine
if they comply with the terms under which they were registered. In
addition, the program will provide for the continuation of the
activities and responsibilities initiated in 1974 to implement the
Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972. These include
the inspection of manufacturers and formulators of pesticides, the
registration of intrastate pesticide producers, and the surveillance of
pesticide usage with a view toward checking environmental insults and
protecting human health. Also, the surveillance of experimental use pesticides
will be continued. This coming year the program will include the enforcement
of standards for the protection of all persons occupationally exposed to
pesticides and will emphasize a greater degree of Federal/State cooperation
by gaining a better understanding of current State enforcement capabilities
and resources.
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year costs of new positions filled in 1974 and
for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Si gnif i cant 1974 Accomplishments
- Implemented the new provisions of FEPCA as amended including establish-
ment inspection, registration of establishments, and civil penalties.
- Registered 3,500 interstate manufacturers.
- Inspected 2,000 pesticide producer establishments.
- Collected approximately 4,500 product samples.
- Initiated an estimated 100 stop sales.
- Initiated 500 civil actions and referred 100 criminal prosecutions.
- Examined 3,600 pesticide entries of imported pesticide product,
E-16
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IJ
-I
1975 Objectives
- Develop an inspection program of the required books and records of
producer establishments and check a cross-section of these firms1
records with those required under Section 7 of the Act.
- Develop a cooperative program with the Department of Labor to enforce
standards for the protection of persons occupationally exposed to
pesticides.
- Register approximately 5,000 establishments producing pesticides
solely for intrastate commerce.
- Prepare assessments of current State enforcement authorities,
capabilities, programs and resources with a view toward greater
Federal/State cooperation.
- Develop a program of pesticide use surveillance of products suspected
of presenting hazards to human health and the environment.
- Check shipment and use of 100 experimental use permits.
- Inspect approximately 2,500 pesticide producer establishments; collect
approximately 4,500 product samples; initiate an estimated 200 stop sales,
600 civil actions, and 100 criminal prosecutions.
- Develop section 17c registration of importation of pesticides and devices.
E-17
-------
Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
Enforcement
Noise
Purpose
The noise enforcement program is directed toward achieving compliance
with Federal noise standards and labeling requirements for new products as
authorized by the Noise Control Act of 1972. Other program responsibilities
include liaison with the Department of Transportation on enforcement of
interstate rail and motor carrier standards; liaison with the Department of
Treasury in monitoring imported products; and liaison with State and local
enforcement agencies to obtain compliance with prohibitions against
tampering with noise control devices and maintenance of compliance by
products in use.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Noise Enforcement $20,600 $20.800 +$200
Total 20,600 20,800 +200
End-of-Year Employment
Noise Enforcement 1 1
Total.,... 1 1
Man-Years, Total..... . 1 1
E-18
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Noise Enforcement $20,600 $20,800 +$200
The increase is to provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973
s pay raise,
I E-19
-------
Enforcement
Noise Enforcement Program
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Noise enforcement program ...... $20,600 $20,800 +$200
In 1975S emphasis in the noise enforcement program will be on achieving
compliance with Federal noise standards labeling requirements for new
products as authorized in the Noise Control Act of 1972. Additional
activities will be in the following areas: coordination with the
Department of Transportation on enforcement of specific carrier standards;
monitoring imported products in conjunction with the Department of Treasury;
cooperation with State/local enforcement authorities in achieving
compliance with provisions of the Act concerning tampering with noise
control devices and maintenance of in-use products,
Purpose of Increase
To provide for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Significant 1974 Accomplishments
- Participated in development of noise standards for aircraft, interstate
carriers, and new products (major noise sources).
- Began development of enforcement regulations and programs for new
product noise standards and labeling requirements'.
- Began consultation with the Department of the Treasury on preparation
of regulations on importation of new products subject to noise standards.
1975 Objectives
- Define and select enforcement strategies for new product noise
standards and labeling requirements.
- Participate in finalization of noise standards and labeling requirements.
- Finalize enforcement regulations and program for new product noise
standards and labeling requirements.
- Continue consultation with DOT on preparation of regulations on
importation of new products subject to noise standards.
E-20
-------
Program
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
w ]
Enforcement
Program Management and Support
Purpose
This activity emcompasses the overall management of and support
for the Enforcement programs described in the foregoing sections.
It also provides for the staffing and funding of EPA's Office of
General Counsel in headquarters and the Office of Regional Counsel
in the ten regions.
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Btidg e t Authiori ty
Program Management $3,160,900 $3,492,200 +$331,300
Program Support 8,491,800 11,549,800 +3,058,000
Total 11,652,700 15,042,000 +3,389,300
End-pf-Year Employment
Program Management.... 131 143 +12
Program Support ... _ __ ^__ _._v._ ...
Total 131 143 +12
Man-Years, Total 121 . 133 +12
L-21
-------
Summaryof Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
: JJ
Program Management $3,160,900 $3, 492,200 +$331,300
To provide for the Increased workload placed on the Office of
General Counsel by the recently enacted water, pesticides, and
noise legislation, and to provide for the full-year cost of the
October 1973 pay raise.
Program Support 8.491,800 11,549,800 +3,058,000
To cover a prorated share of the Agency's increased funding
requirements for common support services—refer to the section on
Agency and Regional Management for a description of these reauirements.
E-22
-------
Enforcement
Program Management and Support
Program Management
Justification
"XI
1974
1975
Program management.
$3,160,900 $3S492S200
Change
+$331S300
This activity provides for overall management of the Office of Enforce-
ment and General Counsel, including the development of program policies
and strategies, the overall planning of enforcement activities, the
monitoring and review of the program, including those activities performed
in the regions and the direction of the program activities performed in
headquarters. It also covers the staffing of the Offices of General
Counsel and Regional Counsel which serve the needs of all components of
the Agency. To carry out these functions, this activity provides for the
following staffing:
1974 1975
Office of Enforcement and General Counsel
Office of Water Enforcement.
Office of General Enforcement.
Office of General Counsel...
Office of Regional Counsel
28
6
3
64
30
28
6
3
76
30
Purpose of Increase
To provide for additional staff for the Office of General/Regional
Counsel to meet the expanded workload of new legislation and
expanding Agency programs, examples of which include the more
stringent legal review of the expanded number and dollar volume of
the Agency construction grant programs the increase in litigation
related to the Clean Air Act and permit issuance activities under
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, the administra-
tive penalties and public hearings requirements of the pesticides and
water legislation, and the legal review needed for the standards and
regulations required under the pesticides and water legislation. The
increase also provides for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
I
E-23
-------
; Enforcement
Program Management and Support
Program Support
p \
Justification,
Vj
VK
*' 1974 1975 Change
;fl Program support $8,491,800 $11,549,800 +$3,058,000
This element constitutes the prorated share of EPA's total
funding requirements for common support services. These funding
requirements cover certain agencywide and regional lease, communication,
and other common service costs which are managed through a single
headguarters account and ten regional accounts. These requirements are
fully described in the section covering Agency and Regional Management.
>:' The prorated share charged under this element represents that portion
required to support the programs funded and conducted under the
'"*) Enforcement appropriation.
PurposeofIncrease
"V K
This increase, together with those under similar elements under
the Research and Development and the Abatement and Control appropriation
accounts, is described under the section'covering Agency and Regional
Management.
E-24
-------
Agency and
Regional
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
Agency and Regional Management
Purpose
Provides for the general management of EPA including overall planning
^ I and direction through the Administrator and his supporting staff, as well
As? as the Regional Administrators and their supporting staffs. The principal
costs to be incurred under this appropriation are for salaries of personnel
and associated direct support requirements. These costs fall into two
> ' major activities: Agency Management which includes both the Administrator
and immediate staff offices and the Assistant Administrator for Planning
^ and Management; and Regional Management which includes the Regional
\ , Administrators of the 10 EPA regional offices and their general administrative
staff. In addition, this appropriation provides for associated support
r -, costs (space, utilities, telephones, etc.) under two activities: Agency
Support and Regional Support.
Increase
1973 1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authority
Agency Management
and Support..... $36,248,915 $44,291,211 $47,687,300 +$3,396,089
Regional Manage-
ment and Support 9.641,450 10,781,900 11,128,700 _ +346,800
Total.. ...... 45,890,365 55,073,111 58,816,000 +3S742,889
End-of Year Empl oy-
ment
Agency Management
and Support
Regional Manage-
ment and Support
Total ...»
Man-Years^ Total
1,256
442
1 698
1,610
1,366
493
1 ,859"
1,727
1,335
492
1,827
1,787
-31
-1
-32
+60
ARM-1
-------
Summary of Increases and Decreases
1974 1975 Change
Agency Management and Support $44,291,211 $47,687,300 +$3.396.089
Agency management.... .... 36,605,000 36,719,900 +114,900
To provide for the full-year cost of new positions authorized in 1974
and for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise. Offsetting
these increases is a proposed decrease in administrative and program
related support functions.
Agency support 7,686,211 10,967,400 +3,281,189
To provide for increased common services required to support the full-
year costs of new personnel authorized in 1974; for the increased
requirement for repairs and improvements; and for the costs of space
formerly funded by GSA.
Regional Management and Support 10,781.900 11,128,700 +346.800
Regional management 10,152,200 10,457,300 +305,100
To provide for the full-year cost of new positions authorized in 1974
and for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Regional support.., 629,700 671,400' +41,700
To provide for increased support services required to support the
full-year costs of new regional personnel authorized' in 1974.
ARM-2
-------
Agency
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
. Agency and Regional Management
Agency Management and Support
Justification ;
1974 1975 Change
Agency management. ............ $36,605,000 $36,719,900 +$114,900
Agency management provides for the staffing and funding of the Office
,, of the Administrator and its staff offices and the Office of Planning
1 and Management.
The Office of the Administrator and its staff offices provide the top
• level policy direction and management of the Agency. The composition
and staffing of these offices are:
1974 1975
Office of Administrator and Deputy
Administrator...... ........... — 60 60
Office of Legislation... ........... 42 42
Office of Public Affairs ............ 78 78
Office of International Affairs.... 24 24
Office of Civil Rights and
Urban Affairs... ................. 35 35
Office of Federal Activities ....... 80 80
' The Office of Planning and Management performs the agency-wide administra-
tive functions required to support EPA's program activities. It also
provides the administrative services required to support the activities carried
out at headquarters in Washington, D. C., and at the two major field centers
at Durham, North Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio.
The composition and staffing of the Office of Planning and Management are:
1974 1975
; Planning and Management Immediate
v Office............... ............ 6 5
Office of Administration ........... 733 709
«.',' Office of Resources Management..... 186 183
?1 Office of Planning and Evaluation.. 61 58
Office of .Audit. ........... ....... . 55 5.5
Office of Education and Manpower
Development.,..., ........ . ....... 6 6
ARM-3
-------
The Office of Administration covers the following agencywide administra-
tive functions: contract and procurement management; grants policy
direction; management of EPA's automated data processing systems; personnel
policy direction; management of EPA's office and laboratory facilities;
and security and inspection. The Office of Resources Management covers
coordination and management of program planning and budget activities
and agencywide management of accounting and fiscal management activities.
The Office of Planning and Evaluation is responsible for: evaluation and
development of new approaches for agencywide program evaluation activities;
evaluation and procedural management of Agency standards, regulations and
guidelines, and economic analyses of abatement regulations, programs, and
policies. The Office of Audit develops, conducts, and coordinates the
Agency audit program and functions as the Agency focal point for General
Accounting Office activities and audit reports. The Office of Education
and Manpower Planning provides a management overview of the total Agency
education and manpower program which includes coordinating the development of
agencywide policies and strategies to implement EPA responsibilities in
education and manpower and evaluating implementation of these policies
by program staff and regional offices.
The funding requirements of Agency Management are predominantly for
salary, benefits, and travel. The major exception is the contract funds
allocated to the Office of Planning and Evaluation for the conduct of
economic and other information-gathering and evaluative studies to
support the activities of that office.
Purpose of Increase
The increase is required for administrative and program related
support functions within the headquarters offices.
This is a net increase resulting from the full-year cost of the October
1973 pay raise and the full-year cost of new positions which were authorized
in 1974, offset by a planned decrease of resources in administrative and
program related support functions in the Planning and Management organization.
The reduction of positions and related dollars will be attained through
attrition due to a planned cut-back in less critical services.
Agency support. 7,686,211 10,967,400 +3,281,189
This element constitutes the prorated share of agencywide common service
support costs which is charged to the Agency and Regional Management
appropriation account.
This element, together with portions of the program support elements
carried under the Research and Development, Abatement and Control, and
Enforcement appropriation accounts, provide the source of funding for
a single agency working account under which agencywide common services
ARM-4
-------
are funded. These common services include:
- the cost of space assigned by GSA occupied by EPA, exclusive of that
owned by EPA.
- EPA's automatic data processing systems.
- the telephone service used by EPA under the Federal Telecommunication
System.
- telephone service, utilities, custodial and security services,
printing and library services, and office supplies used by EPA
offices located in Washington, D.C., Durham, North Carolina,
and Cincinnati, Ohio.
- EPA's total costs for penalty mail.
- repairs and alterations to EPA-owned laboratory facilities.
Purpose of Increase
The principal items of increase are:
- increased costs for leased office and laboratory space that were
previously funded by GSA. Under the provisions of Public Law
92-313, these costs must now be budgeted for by the using agency;
- increased costs for the Federal Telecommunication System, local
telephone, utilities, custodial and security, printing, library
services, office supply, and equipment maintenance costs required
to support the full-year costs of new personnel authorized in 1974;
- increased funds required to complete the lease-purchase agreement
foracquisition of ADP equipment at Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Data Processing Center; and
- additional funds for the repair and improvement of EPA-owned
laboratory buildings and equipment to correct safety hazards and
protect the Federal investment in these facilities.
ARM-5
-------
Regional
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Agency and Regional Management
Regional Management and Support
Ju s ti fi cation
1974 1975
Regional management.
$10,152,200 $10,457,300
Change
+$305,100
Regional management provides for the staffing and funding of the immediate
Office of the Regional Administrator, its staff offices — Intergovernmental
Relations, Public Affairs, and Civil Rights -- and the Division of
Management in each of the ten regional offices.
The Offices of the Regional Administrators and their staff offices provide
the overall direction and management of EPA's regional programs. The
Divisions of Management perform the administrative functions-- program
planning, personnel management, financial management, procurement, and
housekeeping activities -- required to support EPA's regional programs.
The funding requirements for regional management are exclusively for
salary, benefit, travel, and other personnel costs for the staffing of the
above offices.
Purpose of Increase
The increase provides for the full-year cost of new positions authorized
in 1974 and for the full-year cost of the October 1973 pay raise.
Regional support.
629,700
671,400
+41,700
This element constitutes the prorated share of regional common service
support costs which are charged to the Agency and Regional Management
appropriation accounts.
This element together with portions of the program support elements carried
under the Research and Development, Abatement and Control, and Enforcement
appropriation accounts, provide the source of funding for ten regional working
accounts under which regional common services are funded. These common
services include the local telephone services, utilities, other housekeeping
requirements, and office supplies required to support the regional programs.
They exclude the agencywide common services, such as the Federal Telecommunica-
tion System, carried under agency support.
Purpose of Increasg
The increase provides for additional support services required to support
the full-year costs of new regional personnel authorized in 1974.
ARM-6
-------
Construction
Grants
SECTION TAB
-------
Construction -Grants
Purpose
This program provides for grants to municipal-, intenaunicipal,
tO States and interstate agencies to assist in financing the planning, designs
*J and construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Amounts
approved from authorizations for contract authority are allotted to each
^i State on the basis of formulas set forth In the Federal Hater Pollution
f ; Control Act Amendments of 1972 and subsequent legislation. Within these
allotmentss grants are awarded on a priority basis for individual projects.
, , Each project is eligible for 75 percent in Federal assistance. .
' 1973 J974 1975
Budget Authority. ,41,900,000,000, .....
Contract Authority. 5,OQO,OQO,00(£/- $4,000,000SOOOE/ c/
Liquidate Contract
: Authority........ ... 600,000,000 $1S650S000S000
a/ Includes $2 billion of 1973 authority and $3 billion of 1974 authority.
b/ 1975 allotment.
£/ No authorization has been enacted for 1976.
C6-1
-------
Construction Grants
Justification
1974 1975 Change
Liquidate contract authority. .$600,000,000 $1,650,000,000 +$1,0.5.0,000,000
Federal grant assistance for the construction of municipal wastewater
treatment works has been authorized since 1956. Since that time, through
December 31, 1973, $6.8 billion of assistance has been provided for 14,200.
projects having a total cost of $16.7 billion. Over this period, both the
percentages of Federal grants and the annual amount of monies authorized
and appropriated has been increased in several steps. The current percentage
of Federal assistance is 75 percent of total eligible costs.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 substantially
altered methods of funding the construction grants program and the methods of
providing assistance to individual projects. Rather than awarding a grant
to the applicant for the Federal share of a project, EPA is authorized to
enter into a contractual obligation for payment of the eligible proportional
costs of the separate elements of each project. Under this authority, a new
three-step approach to funding projects has been adopted. The first step is
the facilities plan which includes a preliminary description of the
project, a cost effectiveness analysis, an environmental assessment, an
infiltration/inflow analysis, and an identification of effluent discharge
limitations. The second step is for design plans and specifications and the
final step is for building and erection of the treatment work. Grants are
made for each of these steps and more than one grant may be made during the
construction phase. Payments against these contractual obligations will be
made to the applicant as all or parts of each of these elements are completed.
Under this contractual method of providing financial assistance, EPA is obliged
to estimate each year the amounts of payments that are required against
contractual obligations and to seek appropriations to cover these payments.
To implement these methods of funding and project financing, EPA has
allotted a total of $9 billion of contract authority to the States and other
jurisdictions during the 1973-1975 period. As prescribe'd by regulations
promulgated pursuant to provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972, the allotment of 1973/1974'funds was based1on a formula
utilizing the needs identified in the 1971 municipal needs survey. The
allotment of 1975 funds is based on a formula utilizing the needs identified
in the 1973 municipal needs survey.
Based on an analysis of actual obligations to date, as well as projected
future obligations of contract authority funds, it is estimated that
$1,650,000,000 will be required for payments against our contractual obliga-
tions. Therefore, EPA is requesting an appropriation of $1,650,000,000 for 1975.
CG-2
-------
Scientific Activities
Overseas
SECTION TAB
-------
Scientific Activities Overseas
(Special Foreign Currency Program)
Purpose
Scientific Activities Overseas, developed and implemented under
the Special Foreign Currency Program, are funded from excess foreign
currencies accruing to the United States under various U.S. programs.
All of the overseas activities relate to the broad spectrum of "national
and worldwide concern for environmental problems and contribute
directly to the environmental needs of the United States, of the host
countries, and of the world community. Scientific Activities Overseas
not only supplement and complement the domestic mission of EPA, but
also serve to carry out the mandate of Section 102(e) of the National
Environmental Policy Act to "recognize the worldwide and long-range
character of environmental problems, and where consistent with the
foreign policy of the United States, lend appropriate support to
initiatives, resolutions, and programs designed to maximize inter-
national cooperation in anticipating and preventing a decline in the
quality of mankinds world environment."
Increase
1974 1975 or Decrease
Budget Authori ty
Air.. ........ ........... $104,800 $1,020,000 +$915,200
Water Quality ...... . ---- 533,300 1,200,000 +666,700
Solid Wastes... ......... ... 100,000 +100,000
Pesticides., ..... ....... 200,000 200,000
Radiation ________ .......... ... 100,000 +100,000
Noise ____ , .............. 150,000 250,000 +100,000
Interdisciplinary ____ ... 539,000 630,000 +91,000
Program Management and
Support. ________ , ...... 472,900 _ 500,000 _ +27,100
Total .............. 2,000,000 4,000,000 +2,000,000
E n d_- Of - Y e a r .......... Emp_1 pyjien t . ,
Man-Years, Total. .......
SAO-1
-------
Scientific Activities Overseas
(Special Foreign Currency Program)
Justification
The EPA Special Foreign Currency Program has been highly successful
in developing cooperative activities that are providing useful data
to its domestic programs and to worldwide efforts to abate and control
pollution of our environment. These activities supported with U.S. owned
excess currencies in India, Polandf Pakistan, Egypt, Yugoslavia, and
Tunisia greatly enhance EPA's mission to seek solutions to critical
environmental problems such as air and water pollution.
The U.S. does not have a monopoly on the expertise or resources to
undertake all essential environmental programs. Accordingly, in
practically all the participating countries, EPA is utilizing unique
research opportunities to supplement and/or complement EPA's domestic
programs. The expertise of well-trained and experienced scientists
and experts in outstanding environmental research institutions abroad
are combined with the talents and resources of American scientists to
create a media for a concerted attack on environmental problems of
mutual interest.
Activities developed jointly by EPA and its counterpart agencies
and institutions in the participating countries require in-depth
discussions among scientists and experts-in the evaluation of each
activity to determine its merit and relevance to EPA's domestic
goals. This development and review process is conducted to assure
maximum benefit to EPA from its overseas investment in manpower and funds.
EPA uses consultants from industry and the academic community to
involve high quality technical and managerial resources in the programs.
EPA also consults with and is advised by the U.S. Department of State
regarding foreign policy considerations inherent in the development and
implementation of its Special Foreign Currency Program.
In 1973 EPA obligated more than $3.5 million. As of February 1, 1974,
EPA has obligated approximately $2 million for projects in Poland and
Egypt. There are 15 projects now; in the EPA and overseas pipelines
that are expected to be funded in 1974 at an additional cost of
approximately $3.2 million, Further, there is a backlog of proposals
being developed in excess currency countries that will utilize the
$4 million requested for FY 1975.
SAO-2
-------
1974 1975 Change
Air program...................... $104,800 $1,020,000 +$915,200
Air pollution studies being supported include the determination of
biological significance of lead and mercury in the environment, health
effects of industrial pollutants, particulate control studies directed
toward the development of new or improved fabric filtration materials
and studies of the mechanism and toxic effects of sulfur and nitrogen
oxides in living organisms.
In the Silesian Region of Poland, programs in 1975 will focus
on interdisciplinary approaches to the control of air pollution health
effectss atmospheric processes, monitoring and analytic methods and
control strategies, and environmental programs relating to coal
liquification and gasification. The Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Center in
Karachi, Pakistan, is greatly concerned with air pollution health effects
in its urban areas and is developing a program like the EPA Community
Health and Environmental Surveillance System (CHESS), Data obtained
from these studies in Pakistan will be useful to this domestic program
in terms of the assessment of health costs of exposure and benefits
resulting from control of major urban air pollutants.
Water program. 533,300 1,200,000 +666,700
Water pollution abatement and control programs are being given
highest priority in all the excess currency countries where there is
a critical need to increase and to upgrade their water supply and
water quality. EPA is supporting water pollution programs which
include studies of marine pollution in the Adriatic and Baltic Seas
that relate to U.S. environmental programs in Puget Sound, the
Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay. Polish experts are investigating control
methods for wastewater effluents from industrial plants and development
methods for the utilization and disposal of sludge from municipal and
industrial wastewaters. Other important studies will determine the
most suitable method for treating coal mine and coal dressing wastewater,
integrated plans involving technical and biological restoration of
toxic mine spoils and studies of the feasibility of utilizing open
cast coal mine pits for the disposal of power plant and mining wastes.
In Egypt, major studies have been initiated to determine the
ecological effects of the Aswan Dam, particularly the resulting impact
on the Nile River System. Examples of new programs being developed
are those in Pakistan dealing with health effects of deliberate reuse of water
supply and multidisciplinary studies of marine pollution in the Arabian
Sea. In Poland, studies will concentrate on the development of new or
improved technology for effective and economical control of drinking water
contaminants; oil and hazardous material spills prevention, control and
clean-up; and industrial manufacturing pollution abatement.
SAO-3
-------
1974 1975 Change
Solid waste program ... $100,000 +$100,000
A major objective of the EPA solid waste research and development
program is to improve solid waste management practices while reducing
the cost. All of the excess currency countries share this objective and
are developing programs designed to create new technological approaches.
Polish studies will be initiated to develop and improve mechanical
collection systems that will provide a safer working atmosphere and
promote solid waste recycling. Another study will be to determine the
best practical means for the handling and disposal of organic industrial
wastes.
Pesticides program , 200,000 200,000
The excess currency countries provide unique opportunities for
baseline studies of pesticide-free areas as well as areas of high
intensity use of chemical pesticides on selected insects and crops.
Polish investigators have the international reputation in the field
of biological alternatives to pesticides and are working with EPA
experts and consultants in the development of joint programs relating
to the use of viruses in raicrobial control and the efficacy of microbial
and chemical pesticides. In Egypt, like most developing countries,
there is a steady increased use of pesticides for controlling insects
that present toxicological problems for living organisms, lexicologists
are becoming increasingly aware of the potential serious hazards of these
chemicals particularly in the developing countries where satisfactory
precautions generally are not taken in handling pesticides, Egypt has
an urgent need for evaluation of toxicological effects on human health
and proposes to undertake a multidisciplinary study of the clinical,
toxicological and chemical effects of pesticides.
Radiation program ... 100,000 +100,000
Expert teams in Poland and India will investigate the environmental
effects of naturally occuring radioactive materials in the environment.
Polish studies will focus on local effects of industrial emissions as
well as long distance cumulative effects of industrial emissions in
remote areas of the world. Indian experts will advance their current
studies of metabolic pathways of organically bound and inorganic tritium
to provide data directly related to standard setting responsibilities
of EPA.
Noise program 150,000 250,000 +100,000
Poland has developed an aggressive program to reduce the health
effects of noise from industrial and construction operations. Results
of this work and details of new research in both Eastern bloc and Western
countries will be consolidated by a Polish team. Emphasis will be placed
on applied research aimed at eliminating sources of noise.
SAO-4
-------
1974 1975 Change
Interdisciplinary program.. $539,000 $630,000 +$91,000
Increasingly, environmental problems that deserve attention do not
fall into specifically defined media categories. Important studies
such as low polluting power sources which involve trade-offs among
air pollution, water pollution, and radiation from nuclear reactors
must be considered. River basin studies involve talents from many
scientific areas and competence to measure secondary implications of
selected policies or approaches. Interdisciplinary studies will be
initiated in Poland to measure the environmental cost of alternative
power generation approaches in heavily industrialized regions. Land-
use planning and industrial plan siting will be considered in Poland
and Egypt.
Program management and support., 472,900 500,000 +27,100
These funds are for travel required to provide overall program
leadership, including exploratory travel and, as appropriate, to
pay costs of travel of foreign investigators to the United States to
develop research proposals. In addition, these funds provide for
translation services obtained through arrangements with the National
Science Foundation. Reserve funds are held in this category to
reconcile budget changes due to fluctuations in the dollar exchange
rate.
SAO-5
-------
Special Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
Special Analyses
Contents
Page
EPA Organization Chart SA-2
EPA Regional Offices—Locations , SA-3
Summary of Resources — SA-4
End-of-Year Employment and Budget Authority, By
Media and Appropriation, 1974 SA-8
End-of-Year Employment and Budget Authority, By
Media and Appropriation, 1975 -,...- SA-9
Summary of End-of-Year Employment and Man-Years SA-10
Total Funds Available, 1974 SA-13
Total Funds Available, 1975 SA-15
oo
>
I
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
OEPUTT (DNINISTRtTOR
tSST. IOHTNISTRATOR
FOR
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
RE61DHAL
OFFICE OF
AIR DUALITY
FUNKING AND
STANDARDS
OFFICE OF
MOBILE SCORCE
MR POLLUTION
CONTROL
OFFICE OF
»»TER PUKNIHG
AND ST»HO»ROS
OFFICE OF
NATE) P806R»B
OPER'TIOHS
OFFICES
OFFICE OF
NOISE AB»TE(JEKI
AND CONTROL
OFFICE OF
PESTICIDE
PBOGMKS
OFHCE OF
BtDIHIOn
PR06H»BS
OFFICE OF
SOLID W>STE
OFFICE OF
EBVIIONNEOTtl
ENIINCEtlllG
OFFICE OF
ENVIIOIIIIENTtL
SCIENCES
OFFICE OF
ijoRiToime
SYSTEMS
OFFICE OF
pRotmtr
INTEGRATION
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EPA Regions
Locations and States
Region I Headquarters, Boston, Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region VI Headquarters, Dallas, Texas
Arkansas, New Mexico, Texass
Oklahoma, Louisiana
Region II Headquarters, New York, New York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands
Region VII Headquarters, Kansas City, Missouri
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region III Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pa.
Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia, District
of Columbia
Region VIII Headquarters, Denver. Colorado
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region IV Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee
Region IX Headquarters, San Francisco,California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guams Trust Territories
of Pacific Islands, Wake Island
Region .V Headquarters, Chicago, Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Re9ion
Headquarters, Seattle, Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
TO
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Summary of Resources
1973
1974
1975
Increase or
Decrease
..^
Budget authority, ........ ....... , ----- . ., $177,220,380
Obligations... ......... ...... ........... 158,715,297
Outl ays. ................ ........ ........ 64,944,585
End-of-year employment. ................. 1 ,,825
Man-years ..................... ....... . ..... 1 ,760
Aba . tement an d Con tro 1
Budget authority.......... .............. 216,088,957
Contract authority. ....... . ....... .... SO.OOO^OOO
Obligations. ........ ......" ...... ........ 194,238,839
Contract authority,........"...........
Outl ays. ................................ 1 14,402,898
Con tract authori ty -. ...................
End-of-year employment. ...... ........ . ... 3,179
Man-years ................ ........ . ...... 3,263
Enforcement
Budget authority,.,.,. ....... ........... 34,020,207
Obi igattons. . ........... . ......... ...... 31 9481 9525
Outlays ..... ....=....,...,........ ....... 25,759,928
End-of-year empl oyment ....... ........... 1 ,322
Man-years.. ...... ....... . ............ ... 1 ,306
Agency and Regional Management
Budget an than ty. ............ ........... 45S890,365
Obi igations ..... ..... ................... 44,998,714
Outlays ................................. 39,227,597
End-of-year empl oyment. . .. ........ ....... 1 ,698
Man-years. . . .......... ......... ........ .. .. 1 8610
$168S9169000
178,100,000
135,000,000
1,902
1,834
2569093S900, .
ioo,ooo9ooc£/
242,723,000
25,000,000
219,000,000
1,000,000
3S671
3,330
46,781,000
48,781,000
40,000,000
1,557
1,399
55,073,111
55,073,111
50,000,000
1,859
1..727
$357,068,000
357,000S000
260,000,000
1,839
1,814
257,976,000 .
150,000,000^
259,603,000
100,000,000
271,000,000
29,000,000
3,732
3,592
53,340,000
53,340,000
52,000,000
1,603
1,533
58,816,000
5898T6,000
60,000,000
1,827
1,787
+$188 sl 52,000
+178,900,000
+125,000,000
-63
-20
+1S882S100
+50,000,000
+165880S000
+75,000,000
+52,000,000
+28,000,000
+61
+262
+6,559,000
+4,559,000
+12,000,000
+46
+134
+3,742,889
+3,742,889
+10,000,000
-32
+60
>
f
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* T3 "
-f ??• ^
1973
1974
1975
Increase or
Decrease
Construction Grants
Budget authority.
Contract authority...
Obligations....
Contract authority,..
Outlays..................
Contract authority...
End-of-year employment.
Man-years..............
Scientific Activities Overseas
Budget author!ty.......
Obligations............
Outlays,.
End-of-year employment.
Man-years...... ....
Operations, Research, and Facilities
Budget authority.......
Obligations.-...........
Outlays,
End-of-year employment.
Man-years...............
Revolving Fund
Budget authority.......
Obligations.............
Outlays
End-of-year employment.
Man-years -...
Trust Funds
Budget authority.......
Obiigations...
Outlays...
End-of-year employment.
Man-years ....
CQ
SJ1-
1
5
1,
1,
900,000,000,;
ooo.ooo.ooo9-'
395,222,508
531,048,571
684,400,480
4,000,000
39617S102
2,859,792
89,387,535
181,535,282
53
48
880,156
209,404
47
46
4,600
4,365
2,365
4,000,000,000^
1,928,669-.426
2,016,152,000
1,500,000,000
500,000,000
2,000,000
5,431,208
4,550,000
20,636,019
108,800,000
» • e
73
913,183
200,000
51
49
15,000
61,000
50,000
4,500,000,000
1,600,000,000
197505000S000
4,000,000
4S000S000
3,960,000
• 3,017,000
46,800,000
860,000
'•51
49
15,000
35,000
40,000
-49000,000,000
-1,928,669,426
+2,483,848,000
+100,000,000
+1,250,000,000
+2,000,000
-19431,208
-590,000
-17,619,019
-62,000,000
-53,183
-200,000
-26,000
-10,000
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1973
Reimbursements^
Budget authori ty
Obligations— 3,609,592
Outl ays .. .......
End-of-year employment ...» 137
Man-years 137
Advances and Allocations Accounts
Budget authority..
Obi i gati ons.
Outl ays
End-of-year employment 9
Man-years. ,...-. 9
ConsojidatedHorkingFund
Budget authority.... '.'..
Obligations , 647,327
Outl ays 404,616
End-of-year employment
Man-years ....,...,. , 2
Total, Environmental Protection Agency
Budget authority 2,377,224,509
Contract authority. ............... 5,050,000,000
Obligations... —....................... 1,9229802,960
Contract authority.,.................. 1,531,048,571
Outlays. 19113,746,947
Contract authority
End-of-year employment 8,270
Man-years 8,181
1974
5,340,000
146
146
17
17
781,000
400,000
528,879,011
4,ioo,ooo;ooo'
2,4863508,947
2,041,152,000
2,058,000,000
501,000,000
9,203
8,575
1975
5,340,000
» • *
135
135
Increase or
Decrease
16
16
600,000
200,000
731,215,000
150,000,000
742,611,000
4,600,000,000
2,294,000,000
1,779,000,000
9,203
8,926
•11
-11
-1
-1
-181,000
-200,000
+202,335,989
-3,950,000,000
-1,743,897,947
+2,558,848,000
+236,000,000
+1,278,000,000
A « •
+351
en
r
ON
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a/ Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management. $50 million contract authority authorized for 1973 was
not used.
_b/ Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management. $100 million contract authority authorized for 1974 of
which $25 million is expected to be obligated.
c/ Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management. $150 million contract authority authorized for 1975 of which
$100 million is expected to be obligated.
d/ Includes $2 billion out of 1973 authority ($5 billion) and $3 billion out of 1974 authority ($6 billion).
e/ Available from 1975 authority ($7 billion),
f_/ Determination not made as yet.
£/ Included in the President's Budget under Research and Development, Abatement and Control, and Agency and
Regional Management.
NOTE: Man-years based on permanent employment.
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End-of-Year Employment aid Budget Authority
By Media and Appropriation
197 It
(dollars in thousands) *
y
V-- * ^
Program Management and
Agency and Regional .
SMatotal
Scientific Activities ,•,-- . .
Advances and Allocations ....
Total.
(Appropriations). • •
(Contract Authority)
£
«
Be sear eh and Development
EOY Amount
1*1*1* $5l*,307
635 1*3,359
(635) (1*3,359)
75 2,502
21 2,209.
153 10,126
82 2 ,199
3 1.98
268 ll*,985
22,500
221 16,231
1,902
I
1,902
(1,902)
168,916
168,916
(168,916)
Abatement
EOY
671
1,691
U,691)
99
162
581
201
35
197
3,671
3,671
(3,671)
and Control
Amount
$80,709
206,572
(106,572)
(100,000)
2,207
6,51.9
17,628
1*,978 .
3,1*91
1*,292
29,668
356,091.
356,09!*
(256, 09!*)
(100,000)
Agency & Regional
Enforcement Management
EOY
311
957
(957)
157
1
131
1,557
1,557
(1,557)
Amount EOY
$8,598
23,1*01
(23,1*01)
3,108 .'.'.
21
11,653
1,859
1*6,781 1,859
1.6,781 1,859
(U6-.781) (1,859)
Amount
$55,073
55,073
55,073
(55,073)
Total
EOY
1,1.26
3,283
(3,283)
183
&91
283
39
268
31*
51*9
1,859
8,969
lie
51
17
9,203
(9,203)
Amount
$ll»3,6ll*
273,332
(173,332)
(100,000)
It ,709
8,758
30,862
7,177
•U.010
ll*,985
22^-500
57,552
55,073
626,861.
2,000
628,861*
(528,861*)
(100,000)
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End-of-Year Employment and Budget Authority
By Media and Appropriation
197 5
(dollars in thousands)
Agency & Regional
Program Management and
Agency and Regional
Management.
Research and
EOY
1452
586
( 586)
7«»
21
151
73
3
261
218
Development
Amount
$611,387
1»0,998
(i»0,998)
It, 518
5,011*
10,71*7
2,733
513
•15,1*96
2,000
191,000
19,662
Abatement
BOY
696
1 ,677
(1,677)
99
162
611
201
1*5
1*1*
197
and Control
Amount
$81,873
21)6,973
(96,973)
( 150 ,000)
3,19s*
9,675
18,523
!»,61*9
U,699
6,797
31,593
Enforcement Manai
EOY
1*10
892
(892)
157
1
ll*3
Amount EOK
$10,67**
23, 951*
(S3,95l*)
3,650
30
15,01*2
1,827
Eement To-
Amount EOT
1,558
3,155
... (3,155)
173
183
919
27 -k
1*9
261
M*
558
$58,816 1,827
LB!
$156,931*
311,925
(161,925)
(150,000)
7,712
il»,S89
32,920
7,3fl2
5,232
15,1*96
8,797
191,000
66', 291
58,816
Subtotal •
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Reimbursements
Revolving Fund •
Advances and Allocations.—
Total ,
(Appropriation)....
(Contract Authority)
1,839
357,068
3,732
1*07,976
1,603
53,31*0
1,827
58,816 9,001
877,200
1* ,000
135
51
;;; ;.. ... ... ... ... ... ... re
1,839
(1,839)
357,068
(357,068)
3,732
(3,732)
1*07,976
(257,976)
(150,000)
1,603
(1,603)
53,3!»0 1,827
(53,3^0) (1,827)
58,316
(58,816)
9,203
(9,203)
881,200
(731,200)
(150,000)
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